莫斯科两大美术馆资料

Edited by Leon

特列季亚科夫美术馆

特列季亚科夫国立美术馆的俄文为Государственная Третьяковская Галерея，俄文

简称ГТГ。

如果要感受俄罗斯美术瑰宝，则一定要去莫斯科特列季亚

科夫美术馆。美术馆大门上方装饰着莫斯科旧城徽，门前是特

列季亚科夫雕像。其内有近14万件藏品；有62个展厅，陈列着

从十一世到苏联现代画家的绘画作品。

1856年5月22日，俄罗斯商人巴维尔·特列季亚科夫购买了

一幅名为《与芬兰走私者的冲突》的油画，开始了他的绘画收

藏。这一天也被视为特列季亚科夫画 廊的诞生日。1874年画

廊向公众开放，1892年特列季亚科夫将全部藏品无偿捐赠给莫

斯科市政府，1918年列宁签署法令将该馆收归国有，原鲁缅采

夫等 博物馆及许多私人的收藏品皆并入该馆。百余年间画廊

几经扩建，不断充实，目前藏品近14万件，包括4万余件17、18世纪的俄国圣像画，18、19世纪俄 国著名画家的作品以及苏联时期画家的作品，是俄罗斯最伟大的艺术收藏馆之一。

数量最多的是十九世纪的作品，这一时期正是俄国古典绘画艺术的顶峰时期，涌现出一

大批优秀画家及作品，其中以列宾、苏里科夫和瓦斯涅佐夫为杰出代表。他们 画的是俄罗

斯现实主义艺术的经典作品，真实地描绘了人民的生活，有很多优秀的人物肖像画、历史事

件画和风景画是传世佳作。

在这里可以看到：伊万诺夫巨幅油画《基督显圣》、苏里柯夫的《女贵族莫罗佐娃》、克

拉姆斯特依的《无名女郎》、彼得夫的《三套车》、列宾的《伏尔加河上的 纤夫》和《伊凡

雷帝杀子》、萨夫拉索夫的《白嘴鸦飞来了》和《弗拉基米尔圣母画像》(独一无二的12世纪

拜占庭艺术品)等。

特列季亚科夫美术馆，外观很像童话中的俄式楼阁，大门上方装饰着莫斯科旧城徽，门

前是特列季亚科夫雕像。这个美术馆是莫斯科大商人，纺织厂老板，文化活动家和绘画艺术

爱好者帕维尔·特列季亚科夫斯基创建的。

他于1856年开始收藏，1892年他将自己的收藏献给了莫斯科市政府。作品以油画，雕

像，圣像画，线条画为主。现已有55000多件作品。著 名的作品有伊万诺夫巨幅油画《基

督显圣》，基普连斯基绘制的《亚历山大.普希金》。克拉姆斯特依的《无名女郎》已多次制

成挂历，画片，中国人太熟悉不过 了。彼得夫的《三套车》，列宾的《伊凡雷帝与他们的儿

子伊万》，萨夫拉索夫的《白嘴鸦飞来了》等等。该馆还保存着一件独一无二的12世纪拜占

庭艺术品—弗 拉基米尔圣母画像。多年来，这幅画像一直是坐镇克宫内圣母升天大教堂的

最高荣耀。

此外，特列季亚科夫还有一个位于彼得大帝青铜像附近的新馆。新馆收藏了一些20世纪初的一些知名俄罗斯画家的作品。（该馆里面还有一个雕塑公园，里面包括大量苏联解体

后 被 遗 弃 的 前 苏 联 时 期 的 许 多 室 外 雕 像 ， 门 票 100 卢 布 左 右 ， 网 址 ：

http://www.muzeon.ru/ ）：

特列季亚科夫美术馆 特列季亚科夫新馆

位置 与克里姆林宫隔河相望，从红场步行

过莫斯科河大约十五分钟后路程，也

可 在 Третьяковская/Новокузнецкая 地铁站下，步行不

到五分钟路程。

位于莫斯科河边的河岸油画市场后

侧，在Парк культуры地铁站(文化

公园)过 Crimean Bridge即可；或

者到地铁站，往莫斯科河方向步行

十分钟左右。

收藏内容 Russian art works, ranging in datefrom the 11th to the early 20thcentury, are on the show inGallery's historic building onLavrushinskiy Pereulok. Here onecan see the outstanding collectionof Russian Medieval icon painting,works by best-known Russianartists of the 18th – first half of the19th century, masterpieces ofnational art dating to second half ofthe 19th century, collection of artworks of the turn of the 19th century.

New building of the TretyakovGallery at Krymskiy Val houses aunique museum exhibition ofnational 20th century art:paintings by world-knownRussian avant-garde artists of the1900s – early 1920s (Malevich,Kandinsky, Shagal, Filonov,Popova), art works featuring“socialist realism” – an officialstyle of totalitarian state in 1930-50s, the art of avant-garde“second wave” of 1960-80s.

地铁站 Третьяковская(6、8号线，Tretyakovskaya站)Новокузнецкая(2号线，Novokuznetskaya站)

Парк культуры（1、5号线，Park Kultury站）

Октябрьская（5号线，Oktyabrskaya站）

官方网站 http://www.tretyakov.ru/

普希金造型艺术馆

普希金造型艺术馆是莫斯科最大的外国艺术品的收藏

馆，它始建于1898年，1912年落成。该馆收藏着从古代埃及 、

巴比伦直到今天各个时代的54.3万件艺术品。这家博物馆的

大楼，正面是古典式的，有六根圆柱，四周是柱廊。

早在19世纪上半叶，俄国知识分子中间就产生了建立一

个外国艺术博物馆的想法。1892年，特列季亚科夫兄弟把自

己的藏画赠送给莫斯科市建立一个民族艺术 博物馆的行

动，给了莫斯科知识分子以很大影响。他们开始在社会各界

进行广泛的募捐，旨在建立莫斯科第一个外国艺术博物馆。

精通古代哲学的莫斯科大学教授、 艺术史教研室主任伊万

茨维塔耶夫（著名女诗人茨维塔耶娃之父）负责筹集资金和

营建博物馆大楼的工作。1917年以前，这个博物馆主要陈列古代、中世纪和文艺复兴时代

作品的石膏复制品。1923和1924年，国家决定把鲁缅采夫博物馆、特列季亚科夫画廊中 的

西欧艺术家的作品，以及从私人那里收归国有的外国艺术品补充到普希金造型艺术博物馆。

如今，这里共有3000多幅意大利、荷兰、佛兰德（比利时）、德 国、西班牙、英国、法国

和美国艺术家的油画，其中有波提切利的《报喜》、鲁本斯的《酒神节》、伦勃朗的静物画、

莫奈的《草地上的早餐》、德加的《摄影师面 前的舞女》、梵·高的《放风的囚徒》、毕加索

的《站在地球上的少女》、马蒂斯的《金莲花与“舞蹈”壁画》等。

除了外国艺术家的油画外，这里展出了古埃及的文物、古希腊的花瓶以及8至15世纪的

意大利圣像。罗丹的大理石雕像《夏娃》、米开朗琪罗的雕像《大卫》的复制品以及其他许

多著名雕塑品的复制品也是这个博物馆的特色之一。

为了纪念伟大的俄国诗人普希金，1937年，这个博物馆被命名为普希金博物馆。

该馆以收藏印象派和后印象派艺术大师的作品而闻名，该馆收藏了包括莫奈、雷诺阿、

凡高、德加和坎金斯基在内的印象派和后印象派大师的真迹（彼得堡的冬宫博物馆也是著名

的印象派和后印象派艺术作品的收藏和展览机构）。

该馆位于基督救世主大教堂附近，在1号线（红线）Кропоткинская站下步行不到五分

钟即到。

普希金美术馆的官网为：http://www.museum.ru/gmii/defengl.htm

TretyakovTretyakovTretyakovTretyakov GalleryGalleryGalleryGallery atatatat WikipediaWikipediaWikipediaWikipediaFromFromFromFromWikipedia,Wikipedia,Wikipedia,Wikipedia, thethethethe freefreefreefree encyclopediaencyclopediaencyclopediaencyclopedia

The StateStateStateState TretyakovTretyakovTretyakovTretyakov GalleryGalleryGalleryGallery (Russian:Государственная Третьяковская Галерея, Russian:ГТГ) is an art gallery in Moscow, Russia, theforemost depository of Russian fine art in the world.

The gallery's history starts in 1856 when theMoscow merchant Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakovacquired works by Russian artists of his day withthe aim of creating a collection, which might latergrow into a museum of national art. In 1892,Tretyakov presented his already famous collectionto the Russian nation.

The façade of the gallery building was designed bythe painter Viktor Vasnetsov in a peculiar Russian

fairy-tale style. It was built in 1902–04 to the south from the Moscow Kremlin. During the20th century, the gallery expanded to several neighbouring buildings, including the 17th-century church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi.

The collection contains more than 130,000 exhibits, ranging from Theotokos of Vladimirand Andrei Rublev's Trinity to the monumental Composition VII by Wassily Kandinsky andthe Black Square by Kazimir Malevich.

In 1977 the Gallery kept a significant part of the George Costakis collection.

GalleryGalleryGalleryGallery ofofofof modernmodernmodernmodern artartartart

New Tretyakov Gallery on Krymsky Val.

StateStateStateState TretyakovTretyakovTretyakovTretyakov GalleryGalleryGalleryGallery

EstablisEstablisEstablisEstablishedhedhedhed

1856

LocationLocationLocationLocation Moscow, RussiaTypeTypeTypeType Art museum

WebsiteWebsiteWebsiteWebsite www.tretyakov.ru

In 1985, the Tretyakov Gallery was administratively merged with a gallery ofcontemporary art, housed in a large modern building along the Garden Ring, immediatelysouth of the Crimean Bridge. The grounds of this branch of the museum contain acollection of Socialist Realism sculpture, including such highlights as YevgenyVuchetich's iconic statue of "Iron Felix" (which was removed from Lubyanka Square in1991), the "Forge!" sculpture representing a nude worker forging a sword, and the "YoungRussia" monument. Nearby is Zurab Tsereteli's 86-metre-tall statue of Peter the Great,one of the tallest outdoor statues in the world.

ExternalExternalExternalExternal linkslinkslinkslinks

• Pavel Tretyakov (1832-1898) - brief biography• Official Website of the Tretyakov Gallery• Masterpieces from the Tretyakov Gallery• Icons from the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery• Visiting the Tretyakov - Useful information including opening times and contactdetails• (Russian)(Russian)(Russian)(Russian) Museon official website, an open-air sculpture exhibition• State Tretyakov Gallery of XX century contemporary art, Flickr group

PushkinPushkinPushkinPushkin MuseumMuseumMuseumMuseum atatatat WikipediaWikipediaWikipediaWikipediaFromFromFromFromWikipedia,Wikipedia,Wikipedia,Wikipedia, thethethethe freefreefreefree encyclopediaencyclopediaencyclopediaencyclopedia

The PushkinPushkinPushkinPushkin MuseumMuseumMuseumMuseum ofofofof FineFineFineFine ArtsArtsArtsArts(Russian: Музей изобразительныхискусств им. А.С. Пушкина) is thelargest museum of European art inMoscow, located in Volkhonka street,just opposite the Cathedral of Christthe Saviour.

The museum's name is misleading, asit has nothing to do with the famousRussian poet. It would be more fitting

if the museum were named for its real founder, professor Ivan Tsvetaev (father of the poetMarina Tsvetaeva). Tsvetaev persuaded the young millionaire Yuriy Nechaev-Maltsovand the fashionable architect Roman Klein of the urgent need to give Moscow a fine artsmuseum.

Designed by Klein and Shukhov, financed by Maltsev, the museum building wasconstructed from 1898 to 1912. Tsvetaev's dream was realised in May 1912, when themuseum opened its doors to the public. The museum was originally named afterAlexander III, although the government provided only 200,000 rubles toward itsconstruction, in comparison with over 2 million from Nechaev-Maltsev. Its first exhibitswere copies of ancient statuary, thought indispensable for the education of art students.The only genuinely ancient items - Moscow Mathematical Papyrus and Story ofWenamun - had been contributed by Vladimir Golenishchev three years earlier.

After the Russian capital was moved to Moscow in 1918, the Soviet government decidedto transfer thousands of works from St Petersburg's Hermitage Museum to the newcapital. These paintings formed a nucleus of the Pushkin museum's collections ofWestern art. But the most important paintings were added later from the State Museum ofNew Western Art. These comprised Impressionist and Post-Impressionist artwork,including top works by Van Gogh, Gauguin, Picasso, and Matisse. In 1937, Pushkin'sname was appended to the museum, because the Soviet Union marked the centenary of

the poet's death that year.

Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev (1847-1913)

After the World War II the evacuated Dresden Gallery had been storedin Moscow for 10 years. The Dresden collection was finally returned toEast Germany, despite strong opposition from the museum officials,notably Irina Antonova, who has been running the museum since

February 1961. The Pushkin Museum is still a main depositary of Troy's fabulous goldunearthed by Heinrich Schliemann and taken by the Soviet Army (Red Army) from thePergamon Museum in Berlin.[1]

The International musical festival Svyatoslav Richter's December nights has been held inthe Pushkin museum since 1981.

SeeSeeSeeSee alsoalsoalsoalso

Museum Roumjantsev

The Morozov/Shchukin's collections

ReferencesReferencesReferencesReferences

1 ^̂̂̂ Tolstikov, Vladimir; Treister, Mikhail (1996). The Gold of Troy. Searching forHomer's Fabled City. Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 0810933942.

ExternalExternalExternalExternal linkslinkslinkslinks

• Pushkin Museum homepage• The Opening of the Museum• Photo (1024x768)