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7

twJG(5)? trSwf-4


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tm;ay;aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfvmygaMumif; rD;armif;

xdk;jyvdkygonf/

8



DICA vdkY trsm;uac:MuwJh &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESifh ukrÜPD

rsm;ñTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme 0efxrf;awG&JU BudK;yrf;aqmif&GufrIeJY jrefrm

jynfrSm yxrqkH; e-Government tpDtpOftjzpf ukrÜPDtGefvdkif;

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t0ef;u csD;rGrf;axmrem jyKcJhMuygw,f/

9

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rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) qdkwm wpf&ufrSm 24 em&D?

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10



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awGudk tajymif;tvJ vkyfcsifwmvm;¿ tm;vkH;udk

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11

twJG(5)? trSwf-4


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ukrÜPDtGefvdkif; rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) udk 0ifMunfh½kH

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Password arhaeNyDvm;}} qdkwJh ar;cGef;awGYygvdrfhr,f/

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12



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13

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14



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15

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16



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EdkifiHawmftpdk;& tqufqufrSvnf; EdkifiHawmfzGHYNzdK;

17

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18



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19

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trsdK;tpm;tcsdKUrSm -

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(c) Pie Chart

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20



Chart jzifh azmfjyavh&Sdygonf/

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21

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22



EdkifiHwpfck zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrIudk wdkif;wm&mwGif oufqdkif&mu@tvdkuf tñTef;udef;rsm;udk wdkif;wm

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Logistics vkyfief;pOfrsm;udkaqmif&Guf&mwGif awGYBuHK&onfhpdefac:rI ESifh tcGifhtvrf;rsm;tay: &ifqdkifEdkifpGrf;ESifh

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udk,fpm;jyKEdkif&eftwGuf Liner Shipping Connectivity Index (LSCI) udk wdkif;wmowfrSwftokH;jyKavh&SdMuyg

onf/

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vsuf&Sdonfudk awGY&ygonf/

23

ykH (1) wGif Munfh&Iygu 1996 ckESpfrS 2018

ckESpftxd urÇmhukefaowÅm ukefoG,frI ESpfpOfwdk;wuf

vmrIudk awGY&SdEdkifygonf/ 2009 ckESpfwpfESpfwnf;

wGifom urÇmvkH;qdkif&m aiGaMu;tusyftwnf;

(Global financial crisis) \ aemufqufwGJaMumif h

tenf;i,f usqif;cJhjcif;jzpfygonf/

urÇmhbPf\ rl0g'okawoe vkyfief;pmpOf

trSwf (6309) wGif pma&;ol Jean-François Arvis ESifh pma&;azmfrsm;a&;om;onfh “Trade Costs in the

Developing World: 1995~2010” wGif EdkifiHaygif; 178

EdkifiHrS&&Sdonfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk okawoejyKcsuf

t& EdkifiHwumukefoG,frIwGif a&aMumif;o,f,l

ydkYaqmifjcif; qufoG,faqmif&GufEdkifrI (maritime

transport connectivity) ESifh axmufyHhjznfhqnf;pDrH

aqmif&Gufjcif;pGrf;aqmifrI (Logistics Performance)

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tay: tqkH;tjzwfjyK&mwGif tvGefta&;ygaom

tajccH taMumif;w&m;ESpfckjzpfaMumif; azmfjyxm;yg

onf/

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onf/

odkYjzpfygí EdkifiHwdk;wuf&ef tzufzufu

pOf;pm;aqmif&Guf BudK;pm;ae&onfhtcsdef wGif EdkifiH

wumukefoG,frIwGif ta&;ygonfh tcef;u@rSyg0if

aom ukefaowÅmoabFmvdkif;rsm;jzifh yifv,fa&

aMumif; ukefoG,fcsdwfqufaqmif&GufrIqdkif&m tñTef;

udef;jzpfonfh Liner Shipping Connectivity Index

(LSCI) udk od&Sdem;vnfjyD; ydkrdkaumif;rGefatmif pOf;pm;

aqmif&GufMu&ef vdktyfrnfjzpfygonf/

LSCI pwiftokH;jyKjcif;Liner Shipping Connectivity Index (LSCI) \

ordkif;aMumif;udk jyefajymif;Munfh½Irnfqdkygu ukef

aowÅmjzifh ukefpnfydkYaqmifrIvkyfief;pwifcJhonfh

ordkif;aMumif;jzifh qufpyfvsuf&Sdonfudk awGY&yg

onf/ ukefaowÅmjzifh ukefpnfydkYaqmifrIudk 1956

ckESpfwGif pwif wDxGifaqmif&GufcJhojzifh 2006 ckESpf

wGif a&T&wkwdkifcJhNyD;jzpfygonf/ a&T&wkrwdkifrD (2)

ESpf tvdk 2004 ckESpfrSpwifí ukefaowÅm o,f,l

ydkYaqmifa&;vkyfief;ESifh ywfoufNyD; ESpf (50) ajrmuf

arG;aeYyGJtwGuf BudKwifjyifqifMuonfh vkyfief;pOfrsm;

pwifaqmif&GufcJhMuygonf/ tqdkygvkyfief;pOfrsm;

wGif urÇmhEdkifiHtESHY ajy;qGJvsuf&Sdonfh ukefaowÅm

oabFmvdkif;uGef&ufrsm;tMum; oufqdkif&mEdkifiHrsm;

tvdkuf aqmif&GufEdkifrItay: tqifhtvdkuf cGJjcm;jyo

Edkif&eftwGuf tñTef;udef;wGufcsufrIudk UNCTAD rS

pwif BuHpnf aqmif&GufcJhMujcif;jzpfygonf/

24



UNCTAD rS avhvmawGY&Sdcsufrsm;t& ouf

qdkif&mEdkifiH\qdyfurf;rsm;wGif ajy;qGJ aqmif&Gufvsuf

&S donfh ukefaowÅmoabFmvdkif;rsm;ta&twGuf

rsm;avav? a&aMumif;ukef o,fcp&dwf avsmhenf;

avavjzpfaMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/ a&aMumif;ESifh ukef

aowÅm ydkYaqmifrIrSm wpfEdkifiHESifhwpfEdkifiH wdkuf½dkuf

csdwfqufjcif;&SdouJhodkY? Mum;EdkifiHqdyfurf;rsm;udk

tokH;jyK NyD; wpfqifhcH o,f,lydk YaqmifrI (Trans-

shipment) jzifh aqmif&Guf&onfrsm;vnf; &Sdygonf/

urÇmhEdkifiHtoD;oD;tMum; ukefaowÅmo,f,lydkYaqmif

rI \ 80% cefYrSm wpfqifhcH ydkYaqmifrIrsm;jzpfMuygonf/

xdkhaMumifh wpfEdkifiHrS tjcm;wpfEdkifiHodkY ukefaowÅm

ydkhaqmifrIpkpkaygif;\ 20% cefhom wdkuf½dkufo,faqmif

rIjzpfjyD;? usef 80% cefYrSm tenf;qkH;wpfae&mwGif

Trans-shipment aqmif&Guf&jcif; (odkYr[kwf) wpf

ae&mxuf ydkí Trans-shipment aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh

o,f,lydkYaqmif&jcif; jzpfygonf/

odkYjzpfygí EdkifiHwpfEdkifiHrS ukefaowåm ukef

pnftm; ydkYaqmifvdk&mc&D;qkH;EdkifiHodkY rnfonfhvrf;

aMumif;rsm;aygif;pyfrIjzifh tjrefqkH;ESifh ukefusp&dwf

toufomqkH; ydkYaqmifay;Edkifrnfudk wGufcsuf&mwGif

tqdkygEdkifiHwGif ukefaowÅmoabFmvdkif;rsm; rnfonfh

tcsdefZ,m;rsm;jzifh rnfodk Yajy;qGJaeonfqdkonfh

tajctaeay:wGif rsm;pGmwnfrSDvsuf&Sdygonf/

LSCI wGufcsufrIwGifyg0ifonfUu@rsm;2004 ckESpfrSpwifNyD; LSCI EdkifiHtvdkuf wGuf

csufrIwGif taMumif;tcsuf (9) cktay: tajccHwGuf

csufcJhaomfvnf;? 2005 ckESpfrSpwifum atmufyg

taMumif;t&m (5) &yfESifh ywfoufjyD; &&Sdonfhtcsuf

tvufrsm;ay:wGif rlwnfí UNCTAD rS ,aeYtxd

ESpfpOfqufvufwGufcsufjyD; tifwmeuf pmrsufeSm

http://stats.unctad.org/LSCI wGif azmfjyay;vsuf

&Sdygonf -

(u) ajy;qGJcJhonfh ukefaowÅmoabFm ta&twGuf

(number of ships);

(c) ajy;qGJcJhonfh ukefaowÅm oabFmrsm;rS ESpfpOf

o,faqmifEdkifonfh ukefaowÅm ta& twGuf

(the total annual container-carrying capacity

of those ships);

(*) tBuD;qkH;ajy;qGJcJhonfh oabFm\t&G,ftpm;

(the maximum vessel size);

(C) ajy;qGJvsuf&Sdaom ukefaowÅm oabFmvdkif;

vrf;aMumif;ta&twGuf (the number of

services);

(i) ukefaowÅmoabFmvdkif; vkyfief; aqmif&Guf

vsuf&Sdonfh ukrÜPDta&twGuf (the number

of companies that deploy container ships on

services from and to a country’s ports)

azmfjyygtaMumif;t&m (5) &yfwGif yxr

tcsufjzpfonfh ukefaowÅmoabFmta&twGuf

aumuf,lrIonf &dk;&Sif;NyD; wdkuf&dkufaumuf,lEdkifonfh

udef;*Pef;trsK d;tpm;jzpfygonf/ oabFmta&

twGuf rsm;rsm;ajy;qGJrI&Sdavav tqdkygEdkifiHtaejzifh

a&aMumif;ukefoG,fcsdwfqufaqmif&GufEdkifrIrsm;

avav [k a,bk,swGufqEdkifygonf/

'kwd,tcsufjzpfonfh ajy;qGJcJhonfh ukef

aowÅmoabFmrsm;rS ESpfpOfo,faqmifEdkifonfh ukef

aowÅm ta&twGufonfvnf; yxrtcsufjzpfonfh

oabFmta&twGufESifh qufpyfvsuf&Sdygonf/ ykHrSef

tm;jzifh oabFmta&twGufrsm;avav pkpkaygif;

o,faqmifEdkifonfh ukefaowÅmta&twGufvnf;

rsm;jym;rnfjzpfygonf/ odkYaomf oabFmta&twGuf

rsm;aomfvnf; t&G,ftpm;i,fonfh oabFmrsm;

rsm;jym;onfhudpö&yfrsKd;? oabFmta&twGuf enf;

aomfvnf; t&G,ftpm;BuD;rm;onfh oabFmrsm;

yg0ifrIrsm;onfh udpö&yfrsKd;rsm;vnf;&Sdwwfojzifh

trSefwu,f o,faqmifEdkifrnfh ukefaowÅm ta&

twGufudk od&SdwGufcsufEdkif&ef vdktyfygonf/

wwd,tcsufjzpfonfh tMuD;qkH;ajy;qGJcJh

onfh oabFm\t&G,ftpm;rSm tqdkygEdkifiH qdyfurf;\

25

twJG(5)? trSwf-4


tajccHtaqmuftODESifh oufqdkifonfh udpö&yfjzpfyg

onf/ qdyfurf;\ a&teuf? rnfrQBuD;rm;onfh

oabFmudk vufcHEdkifonfh tajctae? qdyfurf;rS

vufcHEdkifonfh tajctae&Sdaomfvnf; trSefwu,f

oabFmMuD;rsm; vma&mufjcif;&Sd^ r&Sd ponfwdkYtay:

wGif rlwnfrnfjzpfygonf/ þae&mwGif a&aMumif;ESifh

ukef;vrf;yd k YaqmifrI qufpyfpOf;pm;rIwpfckud k

qufvufwifjyvdkygonf/ ukefaowÅm oabFmMuD;

wpfpif;onf ukefaowÅm tvkH;a& 10000 wifaqmif

EdkifonfqdkygpdkY/ tqdkygukefaowÅmrsm; qdyfurf;wGif

csxm;ygu ukef;bufodkY o,f,lydkYaqmifEdkif&ef ukef

aowÅmwif armfawmf,mOftpD; 10000 vdktyfrnfjzpf

NyD; ,mOfarmif;ta&twGufvnf; 10000 OD; tokH;jyK&

rnfjzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh oabFm\ t&G,ftpm;udk

Munfh½Ijcif;jzif h oufqdkif&mqdyfurf;\ tajccH

taqmuftODomru qdyfurf; aemufcHa'orsm;txd

o,f,lydkYaqmif csdwfqufaqmif&GufEdkifrI rnfrQtxd

tqifoifhjzpfEdkifonfudkyg wGufqEdkifrnfh tcsufjzpf

ygonf/

pwkw¬tcsufjzpfonfh ajy;qGJvsuf&Sdaom

ukefaowÅm oabFmvdkif;vrf;aMumif;ta&twGufrSm

uGef&ufozG,f qufpyfaqmif&GufEdkifrI rnfrQ&Sdonfudk

azmfjyEdkif&efjzpfygonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh NrdKUjywGif Bus

um;vdkif;rsm;? ajratmuf&xm;vdkif;rsm; uGef&uf

ozG,f wnfaqmufajy;qGJrI rsm;avav rdrdoGm;vdk

aom c&D;twGuf twdkqkH;ESifh toufomqkH; vrf;

aMumif;rsm;udk a&G;cs,fqufpyf tokH;jyKoGm;vmEdkifav

av jzpfygonf/

yÍörESifh aemufqkH;tcsufwpfckjzpfonfh ukef

aowÅmoabFmvdkif; vkyfief; aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonfh

ukrÜPDta&twGufrSm wpfcgwpf&HwGif ukrÜPDta&

twGufESifh oabFmvdkif; ta&twGuf wlnDaomfvnf;?

ukrÜPDwpfckwnf;u wpfckxufydkonfh oabFmvdkif;

rsm;udk pDrHaqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonfh EdkifiHrsm;vnf;

awGY&avh&Sdygonf/

LSCI wGufcsufrIenf;pOfLSCI \yrmPwGufcsufrIudk aqmif&Guf&m

wGif yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&m (5) &yf tay: wpfckjcif;

tvdkuf &&Sdonfhta&twGuf tenf;trsm;twdkif;

EdkifiHrsm;udk wGufcsufjcif;jzpfygonf/ EdkifiHwpfEdkifiH

twGuf taMumif;t&m (5) &yftay: wGufcsuf&&Sdonfh

yrmPrsm;udk ysrf;rQudef;wGufcsufum ysrf;rQwefzdk;

trsm;qkH;&&Sdonfh EdkifiH\yrmPESifh ydkif;ajcjyKaqmif

&Gufygonf/ xdkodkYaqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh yrmPtrsm;qkH;

&&Sdonfh EdkifiHonf udef;jynfh (1) &&SdNyD; usefEdkifiHrsm;rSm

udef;jynfh (1) xufi,faom 'órudef;*Pef;rsm;

&&SdMuygonf/

pwifwGufcsufonfh 2004 ckESpfwGif wGuf

csufrI*Pef;ocFsm nDrQjcif;rSm atmufyg twdkif;jzpfyg

onf -

nDrQjcif;wGifyg0ifonfh “ i ” rSm EdkifiHudk &nf

ñTef;NyD; “ c ” rSm wGufcsufrIwGifyg0ifonfh taMumif;

t&m (5) &yfudk &nfñTef;ygonf/

xdkYaMumifh LSCI wGufcsufrI\ ueOD;ESpfjzpf

aom 2004 ckESpfwGif trSwf&&SdrI tjrifhqkH; EdkifiHjzpfonfh

w½kwfEdkifiHonf ñTef;udef;trSwf (100) &&SdcJhjcif;jzpfyg

onf/ aemifESpfrsm;wGif ueOD;ESpf&&SdrItay: tajccHjyD;

qufvufwGufcsufaqmif&GufoGm;jcif; jzpfygonf/

Oyrmtm;jzifh 2007 ckESpftwGuf wGufcsufrI *Pef;

ocFsm nDrQjcif;tm; atmufwGifazmfjyxm;ygonf

2004 ckESpfrS pwifwGufcsuf azmfjycJhonfh

26



LSCI tñTef;udef;&&SdrIudk avhvmEdkif&ef twGuf w½kwf

EdkifiH tygt0if EdkifiHtcsdKU\ trSwf&&SdrIudk ykH (2) wGif

azmfjyxm;onf/

jrefrmEdkifiHESifh LSCILSCI tñTef;udef; pwifwGufcsufonfh ueOD;

ESpfjzpfonfh 2004 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHaygif; (162) EdkifiH

yg0ifcJhNyD; jrefrmEdkifiH\ &yfwnfrIrSm tqifh (152) jzifh

&yfwnfcJhygonf/ (rSwfcsuf/ tqdkygwGufcsufrIrSm

taMumif;t&m (9) csuftay:wGif wGufcsufcJhjcif;

jzpfjyD; aemiftcgyg0ifonfh taMumif;t&m (5)

csuft& jyefvnfwGufcsufonfhtcg tqifh (139)

wGif jyefvnf&yfwnfcJhygonf/) jrefrmEdkifiH\ ESpf

tvdkuf&&SdcJhonfh LSCI ñTef;udef;&&SdrItrSwf &yfwnf

rItm; ykH (3) wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/

jrefrmEdkifiH\ LSCI tñTef;udef;&yfwnfrI

tajctaeudk avhvmygu ESpftvdkuf wdk;wufrI &&SdcJh

onfh tajctaersm;udk awGY&ygonf/ aemufqkH; (3)

ESpftwGuf tqifh &yfwnfrIrSm 2016 ckESpfwGif tqifh

(95)? 2017 ckESpfwGif tqifh (119) ESifh 2018 ckESpfwGif

tqifh (102) wdkYjzpfMuygonf/

tqdkyg LSCI tñTef;udef;ESif h urÇmhtqifh

&yfwnfrIwdkYtm; qufpyfpOf;pm;Edkif&ef twGuf jrefrm

EdkifiH\ ukefaowÅmukefoG,frIESifh qufpyfonfh vuf&Sd

tajctaersm;udk qufvuf wifjyvdkygonf/

vuf&Sdtajctaetxd jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ukef

aowÅm oabFmrsm; qdkufuyf&yfem;Edkifonfh tjynf

jynfqdkif&m qdyfurf;rSm &efukefqdyfurf; wpfckwnf;om

jzpfygonf/ &efukef qdyfurf;wGif twGif;qdyfurf;a'o

(Inner Harbour Area) ESifh oDv0gurf;em;a'o

(Thilawa Terminal Area) [líyg0ifygonf/

&efukef qdyfurf;wGif ukefaowÅm qdyfurf;

wHwm;rsm;ESifh wpfNydKifwnf; &yfem;Edkifonfh aowÅm

oabFmtpif;a& yrmPrSm &efukefjrpfnmrS pwifa&

wGufygu atmufygtwdkif; awGU&ygonf-

tqdkyg ukefaowÅmqdyfurf;wHwm;rsm;rS

ESpftvdkufudkifwG,fcJhonfh ukefaowÅmta&twGuf

rSmatmufygtwdkif;jzpfygonf-

&efukefqdyfurf;odkY vuf&Sdajy;qGJvsuf&Sdaom

ukefaowÅmoabFmvdkif; ta&twGufrSm pkpkaygif;

(27) vdkif;jzpfNyD;? tqdkyg oabFmvdkif;rsm;rS pkpkaygif;

oabFm tpif;a&rSm (102) pif;jzifh 0efaqmifrIay;

aqmif&Gufvsuf&SdMuygonf/ tqdkyg oabFmrsm;wGif

27

twJG(5)? trSwf-4


TEU 800 cefY o,faqmifEdkifonfh ACL oabFmvdkif; rS

MV.KOTA RATU uJhodkY oabFmrsm; yg0ifouJhodkY TEU

1700 cefYtxd o,faqmifEdkifonfh MCC TRANSPORT

oabFmvdkif;rS MV.MCC SEOUL uJhodkYaom oabFmrsm;

vnf; yg0ifygonf/ odkYaomfvnf; qdyfurf;\ a&pl;

uefYowfcsufESifh ydkYukef̂ oGif;ukef&&SdrI taetxm;t&

trsm;tm;jzifh oabFmrsm;rSm TEU 800 cefYom o,f

aqmif0if^xGufavh&SdMuygonf/

jrefrmEdkifiH &efukefqdyfurf;odk Y 0if^xGuf

vsuf&Sdaom ukefaowÅmoabFmrsm;ESifh ywfoufjyD;

oabFmvdkif;ta&twGufESifh ukefaowÅmoabFm ta&

twGuf (vpOfajy;qGJESifh &yfem;tygt0if) udk ykH (4)

wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/

ed*kH;csKyfwifjycsufukefaowÅm o,f,lydkYaqmifrIonf yifv,f

a&aMumif; ukefpnfydkYaqmifrItwGuf omru rMumrD

umvwGif jzpfxGef;wdk;wufvmrnfh EdkifiHjzwfausmf

ukefpnfydkYaqmifrI (Cross Border Transport) twGufyg

ta&;ygonfh ukefoG,fydkYaqmifrI vkyfief;pOfwpfckjzpf

ygonf/

tqdkygukefaowÅm o,f,lydkYaqmifrI vkyfief;

pOfrsm; aumif;rGefpGm zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufEdkif&eftwGuf EdkifiH

\ qdyfurf;u@? tjynfjynfqdkif&m a&aMumif;ukefpnf

ydkYaqmifrIu@? ukef aowÅmoabFmvkyfief;rsm;u@?

tjcm;qufpyfukefoG,frIESifh yHhydk;rIu@ ponfhu@

toD;oD; [efcsufnDnDzGHYNzdK;wdk;wuf&ef vdktyfvsuf

&Sdygonf/ odkYrSom ukefpnfydkYaqmifrI ukefusp&dwfrsm;

oufomvmum EdkifiH\ xkwfukef ypönf;rsm;ESihf tjcm;

EdkifiHrsm;rS xkwfukefypönf;rsm;\ ,SOfNydKifEdkifrI tm;

omcsufudk &&SdEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/

,ck Liner Shipping Connectivity Index

(LSCI) uJhodk Yaom tñTef;udef;wGufcsufrIrsm;wGif

jrefrmEdkifiH\ &yfwnfrIrSm a'owGif;EdkifiHrsm;ESifh

EIdif;,SOfygu aemufrSvdkuf&onfh taetxm;wGif

a&muf&Sdvsuf&Sdonfudk awGY&ygonf/ u@tvdkuf

EdkifiHwumrS &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm; 0ifa&muf&ef pOf;pm;Mu

onfhtcgwGifvnf; tqdkyg tñTef;udef;rsm;\ &rSwf̂

tqifh wGufcsufazmfjyrIrsm;udk Munfh&INyD; qkH;jzwfavh&Sd

Muygonf/

jrefrmEdkifiH zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrItwGuf tzufzuf

rS aqmif&GufaecsdefwGif EdkifiH\ta&;MuD;aomu@

tvdkuf trSefwu,f aumif;rGefatmif Mudk;pm;wnf

aqmuf aqmif&GufMu&ef vdktyfouJhodkY oufqdkif&m

tñTef;udef;wGufcsufrIrsm;udkvnf; em;vnfod&Sdxm;

&ef vdktyfygonf/ odkYjzpfygí ukefaowåm oabFmvdkif;

rsm;jzifh yifv,fa&aMumif; ukefoG,fcsdwfquf aqmif

&GufrIqdkif&m tñTef;udef;jzpfonfh Liner Shipping

Connectivity Index (LSCI) taMumif;tm; avhvmpkpnf;

rdwfqufwifjyvdkufygonf/

Reference:à UNCTAD Transport Newsletter No. 27, First

Quarter 2005à UNCTAD Transport Newsletter No. 37, Third

Quarter 2007à Maritime Connectivity: UNCTAD’s liner shipping

connectivity indices by Jan Hoffmann & Marco Fugazza

à The Review of Maritime Transport 2018, à UNCTAD Liner Shipping Connectivity Index (LSCI)

http://stats.unctad.org/LSCIà Shipping Agency Department, Myanmar Port

Authority (MPA)à Trade Costs in the Developing World: 1995~2010

28



ESpfaygif; (51) ESpf oufwrf;&Sd tmqD,Honf EdkifiHwumwGifzGJYpnf;

aom a'owGif; tjcm; tzGJYtpnf;rsm;ESifh rwluGJjym;um tzGJY0ifEdkifiHrsm;tMum;

a'owGif;jidrf;csrf;pGm tjyef tvSeftusKd;tjrwf jzpfxGef;a&;udk tav;xm;

aqmif&Gufaom tzGJYtpnf;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh udk&D;,m;EdkifiHtygt0if

a'owGif;EdkifiHrsm;taejzifh u@pkHwGif tmqD,Hudk A[dkjyKum yl;aygif;

aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk tav;ay;aqmif&GufvmMuonf/ udk&D;,m;EdkifiH\

tmqD,Hay:xm;&Sdonfh rl0g'oabmw&m;rsm;udk avhvm&aomf-

tm&StwGuf or®wrGef;a*stif;\ EdkifiHjcm;a&;&mrl0g'udk&D;,m;or®wEdkifiH? or®wrGef;a*stif;\ 2017 ckESpf Edk0ifbmv

wGif oGma&mufcJhonfh tif'dkeD;&Sm;c&D;pOfwGif udk&D;,m;EdkifiHtaejzifh tmqD,H

a'owGif;EdkifiHrsm;? tde´d,EdkifiHwdkYESifh a'owGif;tusdK;wlpD;yGm;a&; ydkrdk

yl;aygif; aqmif&GufEdkifrnfh awmifydkif;qdkif&m rl0g'opf New Southern Policy-

NSP udk pwifrdwfqufcJhonf/

29

2017 ckESpf? ZlvdkifvwGif or®wrGef; tpdk;&

onf EdkifiH\OD;pm;ay; rl0g' (100) &yftm; xkwfjyef

cJhNyD; EdkifiHjcm;a&;rl0g'ESifh trsKd;om;vkHNcHKa&; aumfrwD

rS Northeast Asia Plus Community - NEAPC ESifhpyfvsOf;

onfh tpD&ifcHpm wpfapmifwifoGif;cJhonf/ xdk NEAPC

wGif tm&Sta&SUajrmufzsm; Nidrf;csrf;a&; rlabmif

Northeast Asia Peace Framework -NEAPF? ajrmufydkif;

qdkif&m rl0g'opf New Northern Policy- NNP ESifh

awmifydkif;qdkif&mrl0g'opf New Southern Policy- NSP

[k tpdwftydkif; (3) &yf yg0ifcJhonf/ NEAPF onf

Nidrf;csrf;a&;tm; tav;xm; aqmif&Gufrnfh rl0g'

jzpfNyD; NNP ESifh NSP rSm a'owGif;

tav;xm;onfhrl0g'udk aqmif&GufcJhonf/ vDajrmif

bwfvufxufwGif New Asia Initiative udk aqmif&GufcJh

aomfvnf; tmqD,Ha'owGif;xuf tm&S wdkuf

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rSDjirf;

à Overview of ASEAN-Republic of Korea Dialogue

Relations (16 August 2018)

à Korea’s New Southern Policy towards ASEAN:

Context and Direction, Jaehyon Lee (Asan Institute

for Policy Studies)

à Seksan Anantasirikiat, South Korea’s New

Southern Policy in Making and The Way Forward

(July 12, 2018)

à Richard Stubbs, ASEAN’s leadership in East Asian

region-building: strength in weakness

32



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