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oyï ueÿr Ndjkd uOHia:dkhfk¿ï fmfoi"l,m¿jdj"rdc.sßh'

- i -

msÿu

Noka;dpd¾h nqoaOf>daIdNsOdk uydiajdóka jykafiaf.a › kduhg;a

wm .=refoafjda;a;u kqjrt<sfha ØKiS,dNsOdk uydiajdóka jykafiag;a

ne;sfhka mqofkñ'

- ii -

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ziín Þkx Oïu Þkx ðkd;sZîsh¨ Þkhka w;ßka O¾uÞkh W;=ï fõ'&

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ud;r" ys;a;eáh kef.kysr" lsßf.or j;af;a úiQ

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wkaøhia wmamq"

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wOHdmk lghq;= id¾:l ù

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ksÿla ksfrda.S Ñr Ôjkh ,en

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W;=ï ksjka iqj ms‚i fya;= fõjd

ik;a fldä;=jlal=risld ud,f.awxl 67$7" onqj j;a;" ls‚.u" nq;amsáh'

- iv -

flá fhÿï

wx'ks' : wx.=;a;r ksldh

nq'c';%s' : nqoaOchka;s ;%smsgl .%ka:ud,d

fn!'i'u' : fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh

u'P'i' : urïu PÜG ix.dhkd

iu' md' : iuka;mdidÈld

fya'uq' : fyajdú;drK uqøKh

- v -

mgqk

m%ia;djkd

ye¢kaùu

1' msßfjia udk;a msÍfï§ o;hq;= lreKqweje;a

oiúO mÑÉPkakNdjh

máÉPkak msßfji yd máÉPkak udk;

Pkaoh §u

w;ami

kslaÅ;a; wkslaÅ;a; fNaoh

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uydiqoaOka;h

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w.a.ifudaOdk

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wmáÉPkakudk;

mlaLudk;

ifudaOdkudk;

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úmamjdih

wkdfrdapkh

5' udk; mqrk NsCIQjf.a rd;%sÉfþoW!k.K prKh

zfoajislx wdfrdafÉ;ínxZ hkak'

i.

ii.

v

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- vi -

0307

11

13

15

16

19

19

20

2121

23

24

26

26

27

28

28

2929

39

39

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xviii

viii

6' kdu iïuq;sjeo.;a lreKla

7' p;=¾úO l¾uújdÞêlrK

wkqjdÞêlrK

wdm;a;dêlrK

lsÉpdêlrK

wmf,dalk lïu

[;a;s lïu

[;a;sÿ;sh lïu

[;a;sp;=;a: lïu

8' p;=¾úO l¾u wisoaêhg m;ajk whqrejia;= jYfhka fldamHùu

[;a;s jYfhka fldamHùu

wkqidjk jYfhka fldamHùu

iSud jYfhka fldamHùu

mßi jYfhka fldamHùu

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málafldaikh

9' wgqjdj ms<sn| flá ye¢kaùulawgqjdj

wgqjd ms<sn| àldfjka ms<sìUqjk lreKq

jeo.;a lreKq lSmhla

v

v

v

v

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v

v

v

v

v

v

v

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- vii -

44

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5050

50

55

56

59

59

61

61

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69

71

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m%ia;djkd

zmsßfjia udk;a msÍfï§ o; hq;= lreKq" p;=¾úO l¾u iy

wgqjdj ms<sn| flá ye¢kaùulaZ hk kñka NslaIQka jykafia fj;

msßkefuk fuu .%ka:h f:rjd§ úkfhys mefkk ix>dÈfiai

.reldm;a;sj,ska keÕS isàu i|yd j;a udk;a msÍu iïnkaOj

fm<" wgqjd" àld yd ;okq.; idys;Hh weiqßka iïmdÈ;

NslaIQkaf.a YS, mdßY=oaêh i|yd Wmldrj;a jQ .%ka:hls' msßfjia

udk;a ms<sn|j f:rjd§ úkhg wod<j lreKq f.kyer olajk

fuu .%ka:h u.ska fï ms<sn| ±kqj;ajkq ßis NslaIQka jykafia,dg

fmd;am;a .Kkdjlska ,nd .; hq;= jQ;a wm%lg jQ;a f;dr;=re /ila

fuh mßYS,kfhka b;d ksrjq,aj ,nd .ekSfï wjia:dj ie,fia'

lsishï lreKla bÈßm;a lsÍfï § fm<" wgqjd" àld wdÈ ish,a,

wkqms<sfj<ska ;nd kùk ;dlaIKh wdÈfhys n,mEu o ii|ñka

l;=jrhd lreKq bÈßm;a lrk wdldrh ksjerÈ úkh úksYaphka

lrd hdfï § fnfyúka jeo.;a fõ' tfuka u wod< ;ekays úêu;a

f,i WoaOD; olajd ;sîu ksid jeä úia;r i|yd fm<" wgqjd" àld

.%ka: ksjerÈj yd myiqfjka wOHhkhg o fuh uyÕ= u.

fmkaùula isÿ lr we;' tuksid YS, mßY=oaêh fuka u Ydiksl

wNsjDoaêh wfmalaIdfjka ls%hd lrk ix>hd jykafiag fuu

.%ka:h yia;idr jia;=jla jkq we;'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia iïnqoaO;ajhg m;a m<uq jir 20l

ld,h ;=< Ydikh ksr¾nqo ld,hla jQ w;r bkamiqj NslaIQka fj;

^,dN nyq,ùu" msßi nyq,ùu wdÈ& wdijÜGdkSh O¾u my<ùu;a

iuÕ úkh YslaIdmo y÷kajd§ug Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag isÿúh'

NslaIQka w;frys lsishï ksñ;a;la mekkÕsk f;la YslaIdmo

fkdmekjQ w;r wdÈlïñlhdg ksoyi ysñ úh' bkamiq hul= w;ska

lsishï úkh lvùula jQ úg ta ta YslaIdmohkays nrm;,lu wkqj

Bg wod< ld¾h fyda m%;sl¾u lsÍfï udj;la o NslaIq úkfhys olajd

;sfí' nqÿoyfuys mõ iudlsÍula fkdue;' wod< jrog wkqj ;uka

- viii -

isák ;;a;ajfhka my<g hdu fyda msßfjia udk;a mqrd msßisÿ ùu

fkdfyd;a wdh;s ixjrfhys msysàu wdÈ l%u u.ska Bg ms<shï fhdod

;u wdOHd;añl .uka uf.ys bÈßhg hdfï l%uhla wkq±k jÞrd

we;'

uydm%{dfjka fyì Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia uydlreKdfjka

hq;=j y÷kajd fok ,o úkh YslaIdmo ;=<ska ksjka u.g ydksodhS

jQ;a wm úiska fkdhdhq;= jQ;a iSudjka y÷kd .ekSug uy;a

w;aje,la imhd we;' ;u Y%djlhka flfrys wmuK lreKdfjka"

foõñksiqka flfrys wiSñ; ohdfjka" wkd.;h ms<sn| úYo

m%{dfjka" Ydik ÑriaÓ;sh ms<sn| n,dfmdfrd;a;= iy.;j

nqÿrÿka mkjd jod< yeu YslaIdmohla u ksjka u. .uka lrkq ßis

ie±yej;a Y%djlhdg uy;a /ljrKhla jkq we;' nqÿrcdKka

jykafia fkdue;s Wkajykafiaf.a w.%Y%djl" uydY%djlhka

jykafia,d msßksjka md we;s l,HdK ñ;%hka úr, fujka iuhl

NslaIQka jykafia jgd wdrlaIdjg isák uydm%dldrhla n÷

/ljrKh jkafka úkh YslaIdmohs' ksjkau. jvk ie±yej;a

NslaIqj l=vd jQ o jrfoys ìh olsñka ^wkqu;af;aiq jÊfÊiq

Nhoiaidù& iS,h ms<sn| ukd wjOdkfhka lghq;= lsÍfï § ;uka

rlsk YslaIdmo ;udg lsisúfgl;a lrorhla fyda ksoyi iSud

lsÍula jYfhka fkdolsk w;r iEu YslaIdmohla .ek u is;k úg

Ydia;D f.!rjh o ÈhqKq fõ' ;jo Y%oaOdfjka úkh yodrd

m%;sm;a;s.relj th Ôú;hg iïnkaO lr.;a muKg ;u

wdOHd;añl ÈhqKqj fõ.j;a jk w;r tu.ska Ydiksl lghq;=j,g

uy;a myiqjla fuka u wdYS¾jdohla o jkq we;' ta w;r nqÿrÿka

mkjd jod< iEu YslaIdmohla u Ydik ÑriaÓ;shg fnfyúka

WmldÍ jkq we;' ;jo th fkdmeyeÿKjqkaf.a meye§u ms‚i;a

meyeÿKjqkaf.a wêl;r m%idoh ms‚i;a fya;= jkq we;' fulS

úkh YslaIdmohkays mj;akd jákdlu jegfykafka tajd mkjd

fkd;snqKd kï wo Ydikhg jkafka l=ulao hkak is;d ne,Sfuks'

nqoaO" Oïu" ix> hk f;rejk f,djg we;s W;=ï u rejka

;=khs' Ydia;Dka jykafia msßksjka md we;s fujka iuhl nqoaO

- ix -

r;akh y÷kd .; yels jkafka O¾uh ;=<sks' O¾uh wid ord .;

yels jkafka Y%djl ix> r;akh jev isàfuks' ix>hd ke;s l,

O¾uh fyda Ydia;Dka jykafia iÔù fkdfõ' tneúka f;rejk

Ôjudk lrjk oDYHudk r;akh jkafka ix>r;akhhs'

ix>r;akfha Ñr meje;au r|d mj;afka Wkajykafia,d úkhj;a jQ

muKghs' úkh idikfha wdhqI jYfhka ix.S;sldrl uyry;a

W;=uka i|yka lr we;af;a tneúks ̂ úkfhda kdu idikiai wdhq&'

úoHdúuqla;sh ksIaGdj fldg we;s Ydik n%yaup¾hdfjys wjidk

mrud¾:h iS,h fkdfõ' ksjk i|yd yslafuk YS," iudê" m%{d

hk ;s%YslaIdfjys YS,h hkq wdrïNl mshjrla mu‚' uydidfrdamu

iQ;%fhys i|yka mßÈ hul= YS,fhka muKla iEySug m;aj iS,h

mru ksIagdj fldg isà kï Tyq z.il wrgqj wfmalaIdfjka jkhg

.sh ;eke;a;l= .fiys msg fmd;a; muKla /f.k hkafkl= fukaZ

n%yaup¾hdfjys msgfmd;a; muKla .kakl= jYfhka olajd ;sfí

ûydidfrdamu iq;a;" u'ks' 1&' tuksid iS,h wjidk ksIaGdj lr

fkdf.k iS,h iudêhg;a iudêh {dk o¾Ykhg;a {dko¾Ykh

^wiuhúfudlal kï jQ& wdY%j laIh lsÍug;a Wmldr ms‚i

fhdod.; hq;= nj nqÿoyfï wkqYdikhhs'

w;sYh §¾>ld,hlg jrla f,dj my<jk iïnqÿ iiqfkys

Y%djl NslaIq msßila ks¾udKh lsÍfuka nqÿmshdKka jykafia

wfmalaId lf<a yqfola ksjka olsk lKavdhula ;ekSu muKla

fkdj m¾hdma;s" m%;sm;a;s" m%;sfõO hk ;s%úO Ydikh ;j fndfyda

l,la foõñksiqkaf.a hym; Wfoid f,dj mj;skq ±lSuhs' tys,d

mrudo¾YS msßila f,djg bÈm;a lsÍug;a ta msßi foõ" ñksia" nU"

ur hk lsisÿ flfkl= wìhi fofjks fkdjk f,i;a ta yeug

wkq;a;r mska fl;la jkq i|yd;a weÈ,s ne| ta ieuf.a

jkaokudkkhg iqÿiq jkq i|yd;a Wmßu YslaIKhlska ls%hd lrkq

±lSu;a Wkajykafiaf.a wfmalaId úh' ta wkqj Ydik n%yaup¾hdj

uekeúka imqrd .ekSug;a iïnqÿiiqk ;j fndfyda l,la

- x -

ksremøe;j mj;ajd .ekSug;a Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia mkjd jod<

úkh YslaIdmohkaf.ka uy;a Wmldrhla ie,fikq we;'

mdrdðld" ix>dÈfiai hkdÈ m%Odk YslaIdmohka mkjd

fkd;snqKq nqÿrÿka iïnqoaO;ajhg m;a m<uq jir 20 ;=< ix>hd

w;frys iS,h wdrlaId jQfha flfiaoehs flfkl=g m%Yakhla mek

keÕsh yelsh' m%:udNsiïnqoaO iufhys Ydik w¾nqo úr, iuhla jQ

w;r úkh YslaIdmo mkjd fkd;snqK o wod< YslaIKh" O¾uh

;=<ska u wdrlaId úh' ;:d.; oyu ukdj wid th f;areï f.k

iïudÈÜÀhg m;aj uekeúka is; /lf.k oyï uf.ys .uka

lrkafka kï tu.ska ldhsl jdpisl ixjrfhka hq;a iS,h iïmQ¾K

jk w;r ksrdhdifhka u úkh YslaIdmo o wdrlaId jkq we;'

nqÿoyñka m%ldYs; ks¾jdKdjfndaOhg Wmldrj;a jQ iS,h

iïmQ¾K jkafka th iïudÈÜÀh fmrgq j mej;Sfuks ̂iïudÈÜÀ mqf¾

cjx&' ziïudÈÜÀZ û'ks'& wdÈ iQ;%hkays ±lafjk mßÈ iïudÈÜÀh

iïmQ¾Kùug kï oi l=i,hka yd oi wl=i,hka ms<ssn|j;a tu

l=i,hkag yd wl=i,hkag uq,ajk wf,daN" woafõI" wfuday" f,daN"

oafõI" fuday hk l=i,dl=i, uq,hka ms<sn|j;a ukd ±laula

meje;sh hq;= h' tkï ta ta is,amo iqrlaIs;ùug fya;=jk l=i,

uQ,hhka ms<sn|j;a tu is,amo lvjkafka kï Bg fya;= jQ wl=i,

uQ,hka ms<sn|j;a meyeÈ,s wjfndaOhla ;sîu wjYH flf¾' ta w;r

l¾u" iÉp" wdydr wdÈ lreKq ms<sn|j;a crdurK" cd;s" Nj wdÈ

máÉpiuqmamdofha wx. ms<sn|j;a hk fï ljr fyda wx.hl

iajNdjh" tys iuqoh" ksfrdaOh" ksfrdaO.dñkS mámodj wdÈ

jYfhka h:d iajNdjfhka wjfndaO lr .ekSug iu;a jqjfyd;a

iïudÈÜÀhg m;a j iS,h iïmQ¾K lr .ksñka wd¾h ud¾.fha

fiiq wx.hka o imqrd .ekSug wjia:dj Wodfõ'

nqÿoyñka wfmalaIs; YS,h iïudÈÜÀh fmrgq fldg .uka

lrkakla jk úg l=i,dl=i, ms<sn|j;a úfYaIfhka

máÉpiuqmamdoh ms<sn|j;a ukd o¾Ykhla ;sîu wjYH flf¾'

zÈÜÀx p wkqm.ïu iS,jd oiaifkk iïmkafkdaZ ^fu;a; iq;a;" Lq'md'$iq'ks'&

hkqfjka ±lafjk mßÈ oDIaàkag fkdmeñK o¾Ykhlska hqla;

- xi -

iS,h nqÿoyñka ks¾foaY fldg ;sfí' tfia kï YdYaj; WÉfþo

ke;fyd;a zwe;-ke;Z wka;hkaf.ka ñÿKq máÉpiuqmamdo

o¾Ykfhka hqla; iS,h l=ula±hs ±kqj;aùu o fuys,d jeo.;a jkq

we;' i;a;aj Ôú;hl meje;au hkq rEm" fõokd" i[a[d" ixLdr"

ú[a[dK hk ialkaO mxplfha meje;auhs' ke;fyd;a

plaLdh;k" rEmdh;k wdÈ wNHka;r yd ndysr fodf<dia

wdh;khkaf.a ls%hdldÍ;ajhhs' tfia;a ke;fyd;a plaLqOd;="

rEmOd;=" plaLqú[a[dKOd;= wdÈ wgf,dia Od;+kaf.a meje;auhs'

fï wd§ ú.%yhkaf.ka ±lafjk mßÈ nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska

foaYs; i;a;aj ls%hdldÍ;ajh isÿjkafka fya;=M, oyu ;=<

ls%hd;aul jk wks;H" ÿlaL" wkd;au iajNdjhg wkqjhs' ksoiqkla

jYfhka .;fyd;a wm hula ms<sn| weia" lka" kdidÈ bkaøsh u.ska

lsishï w;a±lSï ,eîu hkq rEmdÈ ialkaO mxplfha yg.ekSuhs' ta

wkqj rEmdÈ wruqKq úIhfhys lsishï ±kqula ,eîfï § ialkaO

mxplh u fmrmiq fkdù ygf.k ksreoaOùï jYfhka tu woa±lSu

,efí' tu woa±lSu ,eîfï § rEmd§ ialkaO mxplh" ke;fyd;a

plaLdÈ wdh;k fodf<di" tfia;a ke;fyd;a plaLqOd;= wdÈ

wgf,dia Od;= fya;+kaf.a iujdh jYfhka j¾;udkfhys ygf.k

b;sß ke;sj ksreoaO fõ' th w;S;fhka j¾;udkhg fkdmeñfKk

j¾;udkfhka wkd.;g fkdhk fya;= we;s úg ta ta fudfyd;g

ygf.k ^wiañx i;s box fyd;s& fya;= ksreoaO ùfuka ta ta fudfyd;g

ksreoaO ^wiañx wi;s box k fyd;s& jk iajNdjhls' w;S;" j¾;udk"

wkd.; hk ld,;%hg wh;a hï;dla w;a±lSï weoao ta ish,a, fmr

fkd;sî ygf.k b;sß ke;sj ksreoaO jk ^wyqFjd iïN=;x yqFjd k

Núiai;s& h:d¾:hla nj;a tu h:d¾:h is;k j¾;udk udkisl

ls%hdldß;ajhla fõo th o mxpqmdodkialkaOfhka f;dr fkdjQjla

njg o ks;r isysh yd kqjK mj;ajd .; hq;= h'

ta wkqj ialkaOhkaf.a yg.ekSu kqj‚ka olsk úg zke;Z

hk WÉfþo oDIaáfhka ÿrefõ' ;jo yg.kakd ialkaOhkaf.a

ksreoaOùu jegySfuka zwe;Z hk YdYaj; oDIaáfhka ñfoa' fuf,i

yg.ekSï yd ksreoaOùï tlúg olsk kqj‚ka hq;=j zwe;Z"zke;Z

- xii -

wdÈ wka;hkaf.ka ñÿKq ienE uOHu m%;smodj yuqjkafka fujeks

o¾Ykhla ;=<sks' fun÷ iuH.a o¾Ykhla ,nd.;a Y%djlhdg tu

±kSu ±laula fuka u Ôú; w;a±lSula jYfhka ia:djr;ajhg

m;ajkq i|yd .uka u.la fiùfï§ yuqjk m%;smodj kï iS,"

iudê" m[a[d hk ;s%YslaIdfjka hq;a wd¾h wIagdx.sl ud¾.hhs'

túg yuqjk iS,h zwe;Z îiai;& fyda zke;Z ^WÉfþo& hk

oDIaàkag fkdjegqK ienE úuqla;shla lrd hkakla jkq we;'

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia uydlreKdfjka yd uydm%{dfjka

f,djg jod< YS,h fun÷ jQ iuH.a o¾Ykhlska hqla; jQjls'

fuf,i is,aj;a jQjyqg Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia mkjd jod< úkh

YslaIdmo ;ud fkdhd hq;= .uka u. iksgqjyka flfrk iSud y÷kd

.ekSug Wmldrhla imhhs' Ydia;Df.!rjfhka" O¾uf.!rjfhka

fuka u w;S; ix>hd flfrys buy;a lD;{;dfjka tu YslaIdmo

Èúysñfhka wdrlaId lsÍug W;aidy .kS' ta wkqj YS,h fya;=M,

isoaOdka;h olakd kqj‚ka hq;a m%{dj iuÕ tlg noaO j .uka l<

hq;=jdla fuka u iudêh o m%{dj iuÕ tla j meje;Su wd¾h

ud¾.fha ,laIKhhs' hul= jvk iS,h yd iudêh úuqla;sh

idOkhg Rcqj Wmldrj;a jkafka túghs' fuf,i

máÉpiuqmamdoh mokï fldg.;a wks;H" ÿlaL" wkd;au;dj

olsñka jeäh hq;= iS," iudê" m[a[d hk ;s%YslaIdjla nqÿoyñka

fmkajd § ;sfí' fun÷ iuH.a o¾Ykhlska hq;= m%;smodjl msysgd

úkh YslaIdmo wdrlaId lrk úg iS,h o ksrdhdifhka iïmQ¾K

fõ' fuys § úkh YslaIdmoj,g wod< nqoaOdjjdo ms<sn| ukd

wjfndaOfhka isàu;a fm<" wgqjd" àld weiqßka m%dud‚l ±kqula

;sîu;a ;ukaf.a wvqmdvq f;areï .ekSug;a ;u is;g kef.k

flf,ia y÷kd .ekSug;a uy;a fia WmldÍ fõ'

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia foaYkd fldg jod< iuH.a

o¾Ykfhka hq;a YS,h iudêhg;a" iudêh m%{djg;a" m%{dj

úuqla;shg;a" úuqla;sh úuqla;s {dko¾Ykhg;a fya;= fõ' ;jo

O¾uY%jKh ;=<ska f;rejk flfrys Y%oaOdj Wmojd .ksñka is,a

rlsñka O¾umS%;sfhka hq;= WfoHda.fhka Ndjkd lrk úg ioaOd"

- xiii -

úßh" i;s" iudê" m[a[d hk bkaøsh O¾u iïmQ¾K fjñka

l%ufhka wúoHdj wdÈ flf,ia ÿre lrñka ksjk fj; ióm fõ'

wm jvk iS,h flf;la ÿrg ksjka u.g WmksY%h jQjd±hs n,k

m%Odk ñïula jkafka tu.ska flf;la ÿrg Ñ;a; ika;dk.; rd."

oafõI" fuday ÿre jQjd o hk lreKhs' úkh m%{ma;Skaj,g iSud

ùisáh o wm ;=< ukd ±laula fkd;snqKfyd;a ;DIaKd" oDIaá" B¾IH"

uo" udk wdÈ wvq fkdjk w;r kï nqÿrÿka wfmalaId l< iS,h wm

;=< jevqKd fkdfõ' tfia fkdjkakg l,HdK ñ;% weiqfrka

fya;=M, oyug wod< O¾u lreKq ksr;=rej Y%jKh lrñka ;u is;

.ek kqj‚ka úuid n,ñka ;u is;g kef.k wl=i, ú;¾l

ixis÷jñka ienE ldhsl jdpisl ixjrhla ;=<ska jefvk iS,h

iïmQ¾K lr .ekSu;a W;aidyj;a ùu jeo.;a fõ' ta w;r iu:

úo¾Ykd jYfhka O¾udkqO¾u m%;smodfjys kshe<Su o wjYH

flf¾'

;jo YS,fhys wdksixi ms<sn|j fm< oyfuys fkdfhla

;ek lreKq i|yka fõ' wdlxfLhH iQ;%fhys ̂ u'ks'1& ±lafjk mßÈ

is,aj;a j isàu ;udg;a" ;u {d;Skag;a" ;udg isõmifhka Wjegka

lrkakkag;a" foúhka we;=¿ .=Koyï w.hk mskaleue;s fjk;a

i;a;ajhkag;a" ;ukaf.a úuqla;s udj;g;a fnfyúka jevodhS

jkakls' tksid uy¨ jk ;=re u is,aj;a ðú;hla .; l< hq;= nj

i|yka fõ ̂iS,x hdj crd idOq&' is,aj;aj isàfuka ;u iuHla m%d¾:kd

iuDoaO jk w;r ´kEu msßila fj; ks¾Nhj ^úYdroj& hdfï

yelshdj o tu.ska we;s fõ' tu Ys,h iudêhg Wmldrj;a jk w;r

ur‚ka u;= iq.;s.dó ùug o th l=i,dksixihla jYfhka fya;=

fõ' ;jo ;ud úiska rlakd ,o msßisÿ YS,h Ndjkdjla jYfhka

fufkys lsÍfuka iS,dkqiai;s Ndjkdj jvd ksjka uf.a fodrgqjla

jYfhka th iu: úo¾Ykd fj; fhduq lr .ekSfï yelshdj o

mj;S'

mQckSh ul=,Efõ iqoiaik iajdóka jykafia úiska rÑ;

fuu .%ka:fhys ix>dÈfiai .rewdm;a;Skaf.ka keÕS isákq i|yd

- xiv -

l<hq;= ms<shï ms<sn|j;a" p;=¾úO l¾u ms<sn|j;a" wgqjd ms<sn|

flá úia;rhl=;a we;=<;a fõ' taw;r msßfjia udk;a .ekSu yd §u

ms<sn| iúia;rd;aul jQ;a ;=,kd;auljQ;a ú.%yhla m<uq ,smsfhys

we;=<;a fõ' tys§ msßfjia udk;a .ekSu yd §u" msßfjia udk;a

msÍu" wdm;a;s m%fNao" .reldm;a;s máÉPkak jk wdldrh yd

wmáÉPkak jk wdldrh" Pkaoh .ekSu yd §u" msßfjia udk;a

msÍfï § rd;s%Éfþo jk wdldrh wd§ úia;r fm<" wgqjd" àld"

wdpd¾hjdo yd ;okq.; .%ka: weiqßka úu¾Ykd;aulj lreKq ú.%y

fldg we;' fï ms<sn|j Wkkaÿjla olajk" Bg wod<j úkhl¾u

lr.ekSfï wfmalaIdfjka isák NslaIQka jykafia,dg fuhska

buy;a m%fhdackhla ie,fia' fojk ,smsfhka úia;r jkafka

p;=¾úO l¾u ms<sn|jhs' fuys§ úia;r jkafka iu:hkaf.ka

úi¢h hq;= iïuqLdúkh wdÈ ima;úO iu:hkag wh;a újdo"

wkqjdo" wdm;a;s" lsÉp hk i;r wêlrK hgf;a tk

lsÉpdêlrKhg wh;a i;rdldr l¾uhka h' tkï wmf,dalk

lïu" [;a;s lïu" [;a;s ÿ;sh lïu" [;a;s p;=;a:lïu hkqfjka

ye¢kafjk l¾u ms<sn|jhs' ix>hdg kshñ; ld¾hhka ±laùfï §

fuu i;r fnfyúka jeo.;a jk w;r ta ms<sn|j ukd

wjfndaOhlska isàu NslaIQka jykafia,dg fnfyúka m%fhdackj;a

jkq we;' idudkH fmd;m;lska ;nd úkh ms<sn| uE;l ,shejqKq

m%Odk lD;shlska mjd t<s fkd±lajqKq w;sYh jeo.;a" w;sYh

ÿ¾,N" ffoksl NslaIq Ôú;hg wjYH m%dfhda.sl lreKq /ila fuys

we;=<;a jk w;r thska iEfyk m%udKhla YS% ,xld isxy,

úYajfldaIfha 13 jk ldKavfha m<jQfha o iqoiaik ysñhkaf.a

úkh úYdro;ajfha yd lemùfï m%;sM,hla jYfhka nj fuys,d

i;=áka i|yka lruq' th isxy, udOHfhka fmd;m; lshjk

NslaIqka jykafia,d we;=¿ úoHd¾Òkag muKla ysñjQ iqúfYaIS

wjia:djla nj lsj hq;= h' .%ka:fhys wjidkhg tk zwgqjdj ms<sn|

flá ye¢kaùulaZ hk ,smsfhka fn!oaO iïm%odh ms<sn| úoaj;a

u;jdo ms<sn| úu¾Ykd;aul fuka u úfõpkd;aul ,smshla

bÈßm;a fõ' m%udKfhka l=vd jqj o fuu .%ka:fhka bÈßm;a

- xv -

flfrk úkh lreKq úfYaIfhka NslaIQka jykafia,df.a

±kqj;aNdjh i|yd fnfyúka Wmldrj;a jk w;r th Ydik

ÑriaÓ;sh i|yd o fya;= jkq we;'

jir .Kkdla m¾hdma;sOr" m%;sm;a;s.rel iajdóka

jykafia,d mdfijfKys uy;a Y%oaOdfjka" lemùfuka yd

úkh.relj O¾uúkh yodrd th ;u Ôú;hg o m%dfhda.slj

iïnkaO lr .ksñka ÿ¾,N fmd;m; .fõIKh lrñka ;jÿrg;a

wLKavj iajhx wOHhkfhys kshq;=j ls%hd lrk .re ul=,Efõ

iqoiaik iajdóka jykafia úiska ;uka ,o ±kqu ;j fndfyda

fofkl=g fnod§fï lreKdOHdYfhka iïmdÈ; fuu .%ka:h

ld,Sk wjYH;djla iïmQ¾K jYfhka i|yka l< yels h'

úkh.relj YS,mdßY=oaêh wfmalaIdfjka msßfjia udk;a msÍfï

wjYH;dj we;s fndfyda iajdóka jykafia,dg fuu fmd; uy;a fia

WmldÍ jkq we;' È.=l,la ;siafia fuu úIh m:hg wod<j meje;s

uy;a wvqjla fï .%ka:h t<s ±laùu;a iuÕ msßuefik w;r th

foúhka iys; i;amqreI f,dalhdf.a buy;a Ñ;a;drdOkhg

ksielj fya;=jkq we;' tys f.!rjh iqoiaik iajdóka jykafiag

muKla fkdj Wkajykafiaf.a ohdnr foudmshkag;a wdpd¾h

WmdOHdhhka jykafia,dg;a ysñ úh hq;= h' iïnqÿ iiqfkys

Wkak;sh fjkqfjka fuu ;reK h;sjrhdKka flfrys uy;a

n,dfmdfrd;a;= ;nd.; yels w;r bÈßhg;a fun÷ Ydik

wNsjDoaêodhS i;als%hd isÿ lsÍug iqoiaik iajdóka jykafiag ksÿla

kSfrda.S È.disß iïm;a ie,fiajdZhs b; is;ska m;uq'

;s%msgldpd¾h"

Wiaf.dv Oïu.re ysñ^mKaä;" BA (Hons), MA, MEd, MSSc, MPhil&"

fu;a;drduh" nïn,msáh'

LA Buddhist Vihara,

920, N Summit Ave, Pasadena, CA 91103, USA

2559 $ 2015'12'18

- xvi -

- xvii -

ye¢kaùu

—iínÿlaLksiairKksíndKiÉýlrK;a:dh bux ldidhx 1.fy;ajd míndfÊ; ux Nkaf;a wkqlïmx WmdÞh˜ hkqfjka ish¨

ÿlska ksoyia ù ksjka iqjh idÞ .kq ms‚i fuu isjqre f.k ud

meúÈ lrk fialajd hehs" mjiñka iiqka jka l=, mq;%hdf.a

idufKar meúoao isoaêhg m;a jkq ,nkafka flia nEu" isjqre 2fmrùu" ;sirK Þkh hk lreKq ;=fkks' msßmqka úis jhia we;s

idufKar ku ixLrfodai úrys; jQ noaOdnoaO iSudjla ;=< §

m[apjd¾.sl ix>hd /ia j WmiïmÞ lrkq ,nhs kï thska wêiS,

ixLHd; jQ WmiïmÞj o ,efnkq we;'

ksjkau. fyj;a úY=oaêud¾.h jeäh hq;af;a iS,h

msysgdOdr lr f.k he' ks¾jdK idOkh iS, m%;sIaGdfjka isÿjk

neúka iir ÿlska ksoyia jkq leue;s l=, mq;%hka fldhs ljqre;a

mdfya ;u úuqla;sh fuka u Ydikfha Ñr meje;aug fya;= WmksY%h

jk úkh msgl mßhdmkak jQ YslaIdmo iS,h ±k Wf.k yslañh

hq;=h'

zj;a udk;a msÍfï§ o; hq;= lreKq" p;=¾úO l¾u iy

wgqjdj ms<sn| flá ye¢kaùulaZ hk kñka t<s±lajqK fuu

.%ka:fhys NsCIQka úiska w;HjYHfhka ±k .; hq;= úkh lreKq

rdYshla i|yka fõ' j;a udk;a .kq ,nk iy mqrkq ,nk úgÈ;a

p;=¾úO l¾uj,È;a úfYaIfhka o; hq;= jQ ue jeo.;a lreKqj,g

fuys § wms wjOdkh fhduq lf<uq' zwgqjdj ms<sn| flá

ye¢kaùulaZ hk ,smsfhka W;aidyj;a jQfha wgqjdj nqoaO woyi o;a

uydldYHm wd§ uyW;=uka ;enQ jdpkdud¾.h neúka th

nqoaOfoaYkdjla u nj fmkaùug;a" uydm%d{jQ iínmßh;a;sOr àld

weÿrka wgqjdjg ±lajQ f.!rjh;a" ful, uo kqjK we;s wm

jekakjqka th m%;slafIam lsÍula fyda úfõpk t,a, lsÍula fyda

isÿ lrkafka kï thg we;s iqÿiqlu l=ulao hkak;a fmkaùug he'

1' úu;s úfkdaokS àld msg 363 19352' -tu- ^flaiÉfþok ldidhÉpdok irKÞkdks mínÊcx kdu&

- xviii -

fuys tk msßfjia udk;a .ek;a p;=¾úO l¾u .ek;a

i|yka lreKq wm úiska l,lg fmr ,shk ,o ,sms folls' wgqjd

.ek ,smsh uE;l ,shk ,oaola neúka NdId ffY,sh ;rula

fjkia je we;'

fun÷ Ydia;%Sh lghq;= isÿ lsÍug ;rï wmg wejeis Yla;sh

,nd ÿkafka Ydik ohdfjka O¾u úkh W.kajd jÞ< Èoafo‚h"

rK.sßf,K wrKHfiakdikdêm;s wm .=refoafjda;a;u úkh

mßh;a;sOr wiauÞpd¾h úoHdfõ§ w;smQckSh kqjrt<sfha

ØKiS,dNsOdk h;sfY%aIaG kdhl udysñmdKka jykafia he'

tfia ue uq, mgka Ydia;%Sh lghq;=j, wm j fhdojñka wjeis

Wmfoia kka whqßka ,nd foñka uydmsysgla jQfha fuu .%ka:hg

yrj;a fmrjokla iemhQ rdclSh mKaä;" o¾Ykm;s w;smQckSh

Wiaf.dv Oïu.re l,HdKñ;% iajdóka jykafia he'

tfia ue wmg wdpd¾h;ajfhka msysg jQ .=re W;=uka

jykafia,d jk w;smQckSh uydpd¾h w;a;x.fka r;kmd,dNsOdk

uydiajdóka jykafiag;a w;smQckSh ;%smsgldpd¾h óáhdf.dv

úchkd. uydiajdóka jykafiag;a w;smQckSh iqfmaY, YsCIdldó

úkh úYdro .f,afj, ØKoiaik ia:úr iajdóka jykafiag;a

b; is;ska f.!rj mqo lrïy'

fuu .; iïmdokh lsÍfuka w;a jQ l=i,h hf:dala;

uydiajdóka jykafia,dg;a › l,Hd‚ fhda.dY%udêm;s

w.a.uydlïuÜGdkdpd¾h mru mQckSh kdWhfka wßhOïudNsOdk

uydiajdóka jykafiag;a › l,Hd‚ fhda.dY%u ixia:dfõ

uydf,aLldêldÍ ;%smsgl úYdro lyf.d,af,a fidaujxidNsOdk

uydiajdóka jykafiag;a Ydia;%Sh O¾u fiajdjkays §

l,HdKñ;%;ajfhka wmg iyh fok w;smQckSh o¾Ykm;s

W!reme,eõfõ fyaudrdu ia:úr iajdóka jykafiag;a l,HdKñ;%

in%yaupdÍ W;=ukag;a ksfrda.S iem ksjka iem ,efíjdhs

ffu;%sfhka mqKHdkqfudaokd lrïy'

- xix -

;j o fuu l=i,h ñh mrf,dj .sh wm msh;=ukag w;a ù

iaj¾.fudaCI iïm;a ,ndjd! tfia ue iqÔj;a j isák uE‚hkag;a"

fuu .%ka:h ieliSfï § fjfyi uykais fkdn,d kka whqßka

Wmldrl, mskaj;a mqKH › ;=Ika; uy;dg;a" ÈkQId mnird

fufkúhg;a" ixÔjkS uyd;aukshg;a O¾u Þkhg iy iïnkaO jQ

mskaj;=kag;a isjqmifhka Wmldr lrkq ,nk Þhlldrld§kag;a

kSfrda.s iem §¾>dhq iïm;a ,nñka mdró mqrd Nj ksia;rKh

flfr;ajdhs wdYsxikh lrïy'

fuj.g"

idikiaÓ;sldó"

ul=,Efõ iqoiaik NslaIq ;ek jïy'

oyï ueÿr fikiqk"

fk¿ï fmfoi"

l,m¿jdj" rdc.sßh'

2559 $ 2015'12'20

- xx -

- xxi -

msßfjia udk;a msÍfï§ o;hq;= lreKq

nqÿiiqfka meje;au jQ l,s úkh u; r|d mj;skakls' NslaIqj

úkh.rel jk ;rug Ydiksl w¾nqo fkdyg .kakd w;r

iiqfkys Ñria;sÓhg th fnfyúka WmldÍ fõ' m%:u

uydiÙ.S;sfha§ uydldYHm uyry;ka jykafia —weje;aks" m<uqj

l=ula iÙ.dhkd lrkafkuq o@ O¾uh fyda úkh fyda oe˜ hs úuiQ

úg —iajdóks" uydldYHmhka jykai" úkh kï nqÿiiqfkys

wdhqIhs' úkfhys isá l, Ydikh isáfha fjhs˜ hkqfjka wfkla 1uyry;ka jykafia,d ms<s;=re ÿkay' ndysr ÈhqKqjlska Ydiksl

ÈhqKqj lsislf,l ueksh fkdyelsh' f.dvke`.s,s" úydrdrdu

fldf;la ÈhqKq jqj;a" NslaIqj meje;afuka yd úkh-m¾hdma;sfhka

msßfykafka kï" Ydiksl mßydkshg fuh Rcqju n,mdkq we;'

tneúka ienE iiqka ÈhqKqj wfmalaId lrk kjl" uOHu" ia:úr

hk iEu NslaIqjla u mdfya úkh.rel úh hq;= fiau úkh-

m¾hdma;sh ms<sn|j o ukd wjfndaOhla we;s lrf.k lghq;= l<

kfuda ;iai N.jf;da wryf;da iïudiïnqoaOiai æææ^Nd.Hj;a jQ w¾y;a jQ iïudiïnqÿrcdKka jykafiag kuialdr fõjd æææ&

1' zúkfhda kdu nqoaOidikiai wdhq" úkfha Àf;a idikx À;x fyda;sZ"iu'md 1" 07 msg fya'uq'

hq;=h' p;=¾úO úkhl¾uhkag we;=<;a jk iSud iïuq;s" iSud

iuQyk" lÀk;a:dr" Wmiïmod" j;a udk;a§ï" wíNdyk l¾u wdÈh

ms<sn|j jvd;a ksjerÈ wjfndaOhla we;s lr .; hq;=h' fuu

.%ka:fhka olajkq ,nkafka msßfjia udk;a msÍfï§ o;hq;= jeo.;a

iy wm%lg lreKq h'

Nd.Hj;a nqÿrcdKka jykafia O¾u úkh újD; jQ ;rug

nn<k nj;a jeiqKq ;rug fkdnn<k nj;a foaYkd lr we;s nj 1fldhs ljqre;a okakd jQ m%lg lreKls' wm%lg jQ;a jeo.;a jQ;a

úkh lreKq biau;= ùu iiqka ÈhqKqjg fya;= jk nj kqjKe;s

i;amqreI NslaIQyq oks;a' j¾;udkfha § j;a udk;a fokq ,nk iy

mqrkq ,nk fndfyda NslaIQka ;=< mj;skq ,nkafka tajd .ek uo

wjfndaOhls' ksis wdldr wjfndaOhlska f;drj j;a udk;a §ï iy

msÍï isÿ lrkq ,eîfï§ thska wfmalaaIs; woyi bgq fkdjkq we;'

fuu msßfjia udk;a .%ka:fhka W;aidyj;a jkqfha tajd .ek

;rul fyda wjfndaOhla ,nd §ug h' fuys olajkq ,nk iEu

lreKla u mdfya fm<" wgqjd" àld wd§kays olajd we;s lreKq u h'

we;eï úg iuyfrla fuys lshd we;s lreKq ms<s.ekSug o ue<súh

yel' tfia jqj;a fuu .%ka:h wjidkh f;la bjiSfuka yd

úuiSfuka hq;=j lshùug W;aidyj;a úh hq;=h' wod< .%ka:hkays

msgq wxl ta ta ;ek olajd we;s neúka úu;s we;a;kag tajdfhka n,d

jqj o o; yelsh'

nqÿiiqfkys isÿ lrkq ,nk úkhl¾u isjqjeoEreï fõ'

tkï;

1' wmf,dalk lïu

2' [;a;s lïu

3' [;a;s ÿ;sh lïu2 4' [;a;s p;=F: lïu

jYfhks'

1' z;:d.;mamfõÈf;da NsCLfõ" Oïuúkfhda újfgda úfrdap;s fkda máÉPkafkdaZ" wx'ks' ;sl ksmd;h

2' zmßjdrmd,s ii" lïuj.a." nq'c';%s' 300 msg

02 msßfjia udk;a msÍfï§ o;hq;= lreKq

msßfjiaa §ï" udk;a §ï" uQ,dh máliaik hk fïjd by; lS

isjqjeoEreï l¾u w;ßka z[;a;s p;=¾: l¾uhZ .Khg

we;=<;a fõ' ́ idrK" ksiaidrK" iïuq;s" odk" ks.a.y" iukqNdik"

lïu ,laLK jYfhka z[;a;s p;=F:-lïuZ i;a ;efkl hkq 1 ,efí' fuu y; w;ßka odk" ks.a.y" lïu,laLK hk ;=kg

by; lS msßfjia wdÈ l¾u y;r we;=<;a jkq we;' odkfhys msßfjia

§ï" udk;a §ï fol;a ks.%yfhys § uQ,dh máliaikh;a l¾u-2,CIKfhys wíNdykh;a we;=<;a jkq we;'

weje;amsßfjia udk;a mqrkq ,nkafka .re-weje;aj,ska ke`.S isàu

iòydh' tneúka m<uq fldg weje;a .ek oekSula we;s lr .ekSu

jeo.;a h'

weje;a jkdys:

,yqldm;a;s-.reldm;a;s

idjfiaidm;a;s-wkjfiaidm;a;s3ÿÜGq,a,dm;a;s-wÿÜGq,a,dm;a;s

jYfhka ihjeoEreï fõ'

i;a jeoEreï wdm;a;sialkaO w;ßka mdrdðl" iÙ>dÈfiai

hk wdm;a;sialkaO fol fkdue;sj fiiq wdm;a;sialkaO my

,yqldm;a;s kï fõ'

tu my kï:

1' :q,a,Éph

2' mdÑ;a;sh

3' mdáfoiksh

4' ÿlalg

5' ÿíndis;

jYfhks'

1' zmßjdrmd,s ii" lïuj.a." nq'c';%s' 306 msg2' iuka;mdidÈld 4" 1053 msg fya'uq'3' pq,a,j.a.md,s 1" iu:laLkaOl" nq'c';%s' 376 msg

03mQcH ul=,Efõ iqoiaik ysñ

mdrdðl" iÙ>dÈfiai hk wdm;a;sialkaO fol .re

wdm;a;s kï fõ' tu wdm;a;sialkaO y; w;ßka yhlau idjfiai

wdm;a;s kñ' tllau jQ mdrdðldm;a;sialkaOh zwkjfiaidm;a;sZ

kñ' fPÊc.dñkS hkq o mdrdðld-wdm;a;s j,g kuls' uq,a weje;a 1l÷ fol ÿÜGq,a,dm;a;s kñ' fiiq my wÿÜGq,a, kï fõ' ;j o

foaYkd.dñkS wdm;a;s" jqÜGdk.dñkS wdm;a;s hkqfjka weje;a 2fojeoEreï fõ' by; lS :q,a,Éph wdÈ zfoaikd.dñkSZ wdm;a;Ska

iÙ>hd fj; fyda .Khd fj; fyda mqoa.,hd fj; foid msßisÿ úh

yelsh' iÙ>hd fj; zfoaYkd.dñkSZ weje;a foikq ,nk l,ays

wod< wdm;a;s foaYl NslaIqj iÙ>hd fj; t<U W;a;rdiÙ.h

^;ksmg-isjqr& tlia fldg fmdrjd jeäuy,a NslaIQkaf.a md je|

we¢,s ne| weje;a foish hq;=h' jHla;" m%;sn, NslaIqjla weje;a

mss<s.; hq;= w;r tu NslaIqj iÕ ueo § [;a;s- l¾uhlska ;udj

iïu; lrjd .; hq;=h' [;a;s-l¾uh p;=¾úO l¾uhkag we;=<;a

neúka fï i|yd iSud mdßY=oaêh o wjYH fõ' .Khdg ̂ f;kulg&

weje;a foikq ,nk l,ays fumßoafoka u weje;a ms<s.kq ,nk

NslaIqj ziqKd;= fï wdhiauka;d ''''Z wdÈ jYfhka .K-[;a;sh ;nd

;udj iïu; lrjd .; hq;=h' fofokl=g weje;a foiSfuys § 3[;a;sh fkd;nd weje;a ms<s.ekSu l< hq;=h'

zjqÜGdk.dñkS-wdm;a;sZ hkq iÙ>dÈfiaidm;a;Syq h' fuu

iÕfjfiia weje;a ôy;=k& ksldh fyj;a wdm;a;sialkaOh 4iÕfjfiia weje;a kñ' ziÙ>dÈfiafida;s iÙf>da ;iai wdmF;shd

mßjdix foa;s" uQ,dhmáliai;s udkF;x foa;s wífNa;s k iïnyq,d" 5k talmq.a.f,da f;ak jqÉp;s iÙ>dÈfiafidaZ hkqfjka iÙ>hd

weje;g msßfjia fohs' uQ,dh máliaikh lrhs" udk; fohs"

wíNdykh lrhs' fuh jQ l,s Wmimka NslaIQka fo;=ka fofkl=g

muKlaa isÿ l< fkdyelalla jk w;r tla Wmimka NslaIqjlg o

isÿ l< fkdyelalls' úkh-wgqjdfjys ziÙf>da wdÈuys fÉj fiafia

1' iu'md 4" 943 msg fya'uq'2' iu'md 3" 739 msg fya'uq'3' iu'md 2" 461-462 msg fya'uq'4' iu'md 2" 370 msg fya'uq'5' mdrdðldmd,s" nq'c';s%'" 260 msg


1p bÉý ;ífnda wiaid;s iÙ>dÈfiafidaZ hkqfjka ziÙ>hd

wdÈfhys fuka fiiq ;ekays o leue;s úh hq;af;akqZhs

iÙ>dÈfiaiZ hehs i|yka fldg we;' fuu msßfjia"

uQ,dhmáliaik" udk;a" wíNdyk hk ish,a,g u iÙ>hdf.a

leue;a; ;sìh hq;= w;r iÙ>hd fkdue;sj tlÿ l¾uhla j;a isÿ

lsÍug fkdyels neúka ishü ;ekays iÙ>hd leue;s úh hq;= 2fyhska iÙ>dÈfiai hehs lshkq ,efí'

mßjdr md<sfhys o

ziÙ>dÈfiafida;s hx jqF;x ;x iqKdys h:d ;:x"

iÙf>daj foa;s mßjdix uQ,dhmáliai;s"3udkF;x fo;s wífN;s f;afka;x b;s jqÉp;s'Z

hkqfjka lshk ,oafoa fõ'

uqïsl j¾Kkdfjys o zjqÜGdk.rel;ajfhka iÕfjfiia

weje;g .relhehs kï lf<da" iÙf>da wdÈuys -fm-

iÙ>dÈfiafidaZ hs ksre;a;s fyhska iÕfjfiia wjka NslaIqj úiska

msysáh hq;= wdÈh hehs lshk ,o mssßfjfiys o fiaih hehs lshk ,o

udk;a wíNdk-l¾uhkays o iÙ>hd úiska leue;s úh hq;af;a fï 4weje;g kqhs iÙ>dÈfiai kï fõ hehs i|yka fõ' f;f<ia

iÕfjfiia-weje;a w;=ßka hï weje;lg meñ‚ NslaIqj msßfjia

udk;a wd§ úkhl¾u isÿ fldg tu .re weje;ska keÕS isàu l< 5hq;=h'

;udg i`.fjfiia-weje;a ke;af;a jqj o we;a;djQ wfkla

NslaIQkag Wmldr lsÍu i|yd msßfjia" udk;a .ek ukd

wjfndaOhla NslaIqj úiska we;s lr.; hq;=h' zmßZ mQ¾j √ji

Od;=fjka mrj zKZ m%;H ù ieliqKdjQ zmßjdiZ hkafkka hï lsis

úfYaI wfmaCIdjla we;sj jdih lsÍu woyia lrhs' tu wfmaCIdj

kï iÕfjfiia-weje;ska msßisÿ njhs' thg zblZ m%;Hh ù ^mß +

ji + K + bl > mdßjdisl& msßfjia jikafka hfula o fyf;u

zmdßjdislZ he hs lshkq ,efí' wgqjdfjys zmdßjdisld;s mßjdix 1' iu'md 2" 370 msg fya'uq'2' iu'md 2" 371 msg fya'uq' $ iu'md 4" 1004 msg fya'uq'3' mßjdrmd,s 2" nq'c';s%'" msg4' uqïsl jKaKkd 29 msg5' md,s uq;a;l úkh úksÉPh" 305 msg


1mßjik;dZ hkqfjka lshk ,oafoa tneúks'

msßfji jkdys:

1'wmáÉPkak-msßfji

2'máÉPkak-msßfji

3'iqoaOka;-msßfji 24'ifudaOdk-msßfji

hkqfjka isjqjeoEreï fõ'

tu isjqjeoEreï msßfjia w;ßka zfhda NsCLfõ" w[af[dams

w[a[;s;aÓh mqífnda buiañx Oïuúkfha wdlÙL;s mínÊcx 3wdlÙL;s Wmiïmox ;iai pF;dfrda udfia mßjdfida od;ífndaZ

hkqfjka zuyfKks" fmr wkH ;S¾:l jQ wka hfula o fï

Ydikfhys m%jDcHdj yd Wmiïmodj leue;s fõ kï" Tyqg

isõuil msßfjila Èh hq;=Z hehs uydLkaOlfhys jÞ<d jQ ;S¾:l-4msßfji jkdys zwmáÉPkakZ msßfji kï fõ' fuh k.ak

mßn%dcl jQ wdÔjlhkag fyda wfÉ,lhkag Èh hq;a;ls' wkHhkag

fkdÈh hq;=h' bÈka tn÷ mqoa.,fhl= jqj o i¿jla fyda ;S¾:l-

we÷ula fyda we|f.k tkafka kï Tyqg o fkdÈh hq;= nj úkh 5wgqjdfjys mjid we;' úu;súfkdaokS àldfjys k.akj meñfKk

6ls%hdjd§ ks.KaGhkag jqj o Èh hq;= nj i|ykaj we;' by; lS

wmáÉPkak-msßfji fuu msßfjia l:dfjys § woyia fkdflfrk

w;r fiiq msßfjia ;=k w;ßka hï msßfjila hï NslaIqjl úiska

iÕfjfiilg meñK jik ,oafoa kï" thska iqÿiq l%uhla" weje;a 7mÍlaId fldg n,d Èh hq;=h'

udk; jkdys:

1'wmáÉPkak-udk;

2'máÉPkak-udk;

1' iu'md 4" 859 msg fya'uq' 2' -tu-3' uydj.a.md,s 1" nq'c';s%' 174 msg4' iu'md 4" 860 msg fya'uq'5' iu'md 3" 740 msg fya'uq' 6' úu;súfkdaokS-àld" uydLkaOl7' iu'md 4" 860 msg fya'uq'


3'mlaLudk;14'ifudaOdk-udk;

hkqfjka isjqjeoEreï fõ'

2zNslaIQkag nqyquka ^.re& lsÍu udk;Z hkqfjka mdrdðld-

.egmofhys ú.%y fõ' iuka;mdidÈldfjys o zNslLq udk;a;dhd;s 3NslaLQkx udkkNdjdh" wdrdOkF:dhd;s jq;a;x fyd;sZ hehs

zNslaLqudkF;dh hkq NslaIQkag nqyquka lsÍu ms‚i h" i;=gq lsÍu

ms‚i hehs lshk ,oafoa fjhsZ hkqfjka mjid we;' 4ud;slÜGl:dfjys o th tf,i u i|yka fõ' hï fkdms<sika jQ

tla iÕfjfiia weje;lg fyda fndfyda weje;aj,g msßfjia fkd§

ih /hl udk; muKla foa kï" th zwmáÉPkakZ fyj;a

fkdms<sika udk; kï fõ' zmáÉPkakZ weje;aj,g msrE msßfjia

we;a;yqg fokakdjQ udk; máÉPkak udk; hs' hï mss<sika jQ fyda

fkdms<sika jQ fyda weje;aj,g NslaIQŒkag wvuila i|yd 5fokakd jQ udk; zmlaLudk;Z kï fõ' ifudaOdk msßfji

6msrEjyqg fokakdjQ udk; zifudaOdkudk;Z kï fõ'

oiúO máÉPkakNdjhmsßfjia" udk;a .ek ±k .ekSug u;af;ka weje;a ms<sika

jkakdjQ;a fkdms<sika jkakdjQ;a wdldrh .ek ±kSula we;s lr .;

hq;= neúka fu;eka isg th olajkq ,efí' iÕfjfiia weje;la

ms<sika ùu wdldr oyhlska isÿ fõ'

tkï:·wdm;a;s p fyda;s wdm;a;si[a[S p

^weje;laa o fjhs' weje;la hk i[a[dj o fyj;a ye`.Su

we;af;a fjhs'&

·ml;;a; p fyda;s ml;;a;i[a[S p^m%lD;sh jQfha;a o fjhs' m%lD;s hk i[a[dj we;af;a o

fjhs'&1' iu'md 4" 867 msg fya'uq'2' mdrdðld .egmoh" wñ;sß., m[a[djxi" 55 msg" 1941 w;a;k.,a,3' iu'md 2" 454 msg fya'uq'4' ud;slÜGl:d" 50 msg fya'uq'5' iu'md 4" 864 msg fya'uq'6' iu'md 4" 809 msg fya'uq'


·wkka;rdhsflda p fyda;s wkka;rdhsl i[a[S p^wk;=re ke;af;a o fjhs' wk;=re ke;af;a h hk i[a[dj

we;af;a o fjhs'&

·myq p fyda;s myq i[a[S p^yelshdj o we;af;a fjhs' yelshdj we;af;a h hk i[a[dj

o we;af;a fjhs'&

·Pdfo;=ldfuda p fyda;s Pdfoa;s p^jikq leue;af;a o fjhs' jeiSu o lrhs'&

hk whqßks'

tys zwdm;a;s i[a[SZ hkq hï NslaIqjla iÕfjfiia

weje;lg meñK th ziÕfjfiila u fõhZ hk iCoaCodj we;s

njhs' tu NslaIqj th iÕfjfiia weje;la hk ix{dfjka" ±k ±k

jid,hs kï" fyj;a wfkla Wmimka NslaIqjlg wdfrdapkh

fkdlrhs kï" ms<sika fõ' ,yq-weje;la .re-weje;la lshd fyda

.re-weje;la ,yq-weje;la lshd fyda jid,hs kï zw,ÊðZ mCIfha

isáhs' weje; ms<sika fkdfõ' .re-weje;" .re-weje; h hs ±k ±k

jid,hs kï" weje; ms<sika fõ' yqfola .re-,yq nj fkd±k weje; 1jid,ñZhs is;d iÕjhs kï" thskq;a ms<sika fõ' zml;;a;Z

hkq ;s%úO jQ WlafIamkSh-l¾u fkdlrk ,oaojqka iy

WlaÅ;a;dkqj;a;l fkdjQjka h' ^WlafIamkSh-l¾u l<jqkag

wkqj¾;kh fkdjqKjqka& weje;a fkd±lSfuys" weje;g ms<shï

fkdlsÍfuys" múgq oDIaá w;a fkdyeÍfuys lshd WlafIamkSh-l¾u

isÿ lrkakd jQ wdldr ;=fkls' fuu WlafIamkSh-l¾u isÿl<jqka

iy Tjqkag wkqj¾;kh jQjka wm%lD;s-NslaIQyqh' fudjqkaf.ka wkH

jQfjda m%lD;s-NslaIQyq fj;s' iÕfjfiilg wjka NslaIqjla ;ud

m%lD;s-NslaIqjla hk ix{dj we;af;a ù weje; jid,hs kï"

ms<sika fõ' m%lD;s fkdjQ ̂WlaÅ;a;l" WlaÅ;a;dkqj;a;l& NslaIqjla

;ud m%lD;s hk ix{dj we;sj fyda ke;sj weje; jikd ,oafoa jqj o 2fkdjik ,oafoa fjhs'

1' iu'md 4" 869 msg fya'uq'2' iu'md 4" 870 msg fya'uq'


WlaÅ;a;l yd WlaÅ;a;dkqj;a;l NslaIQka kdkdixjdil

neúka m%lD;s NslaIQka úiska Tjqkag j;a udk;a wdfrdapkh

fkdlsÍfuka" .re-weje;a wdfrdapkh fkdlsÍfuka" fodaIhla 1fkdjk nj wgqjdfjys i|yka fõ' kdkd ixjdilhka tu msßia

;=< Tjqfkdjqkag iNd. jk neúka wdm;a;s foaYk" j;a udk;a

wdfrdapk wdÈh isÿlr .; hq;= nj o; hq;=h' tneúka

iÕfjfiilg meñ‚ m%lD;s fkdjQ fyj;a WlaÅ;a;l"

WlaÅ;a;dkqj;a;l NslaIQka úiska Tjqfkdjqkag wdm;a;s wdfrdapkh

fkdlr .ekSfuka iÕfjfiia weje;a ms<sika jk nj o; hq;=h'

zwkka;rdhsfldaZ hkq NslaIqjlg oijeoEreï wka;rdh w;=ßka

tll=ÿ ke;af;a o fyf;fï h' Tyq wkka;rdhsl ix{dj we;sj

weje; jid,hs kï" ms<sika jQfha fjhs' zmyQZ hkq iÕfjfiilg

wjka hful=g NslaIqjlf.a iómhg hEug fuka u wdfrdapkh

lsÍug o yelshdj we;s njhs' bÈka fyf;fï zNslaIqjla fj;

t<öug yelshZ hk ix{dj we;af;a ù jid,hs kï weje; ms<sika

fjhs'

zPdfoa;=ldfuda p fyda;s Pdfoa;s pZ hkq bÈka iÕfjfiia

weje;lg meñ‚ NslaIqjla weje; jikafkñZhs OqrkslafIamh

fldg fmrn;a ld,fhys fyda miq n;ald,fhys fyda mGuhdudÈ

ld,hkays fyda ,ÊÔ O¾uhg nei wreKg l,ska wdfrdapkh lrhs

kï" weje; fkdms<sika fjhs' bÈka jikq leu;s nj we;sj u wreK

kxjhs kï" weje; ms<sika jQfha fjhs' fjk;a Wmimka NslaIqjla

fkdue;s ;ekl jik l,ays iÕfjfiia weje;lg meñK" iNd.

NslaIqjlf.a meñŒu wfmaCIdfjka fyda iNd. NslaIqjla fj; hk

l,ays fyda wvuila fyda uila fyda blau hEfuka jqj o weje; 2ms<sika fkdfõ'

09

1' iu'md 4" 864 msg fya'uq'2' md,s uq;a;l úkh úksÉPh" 306 msg

mQcH ul=,Efõ iqoiaik ysñ

l=ÿislfhys ;siay;a jk .d:dfjys o

—wdmF;skqlaÅ;a;ukka;rdh

myqF;;dfhda ;:iCòaC`È;d p"

Pdfo;=ldfuda w:Pdokd;s

Pkakd oiÙf.ayswreKq.a.uïyS;s'˜1hkqfjka iòyka fõ'

hï NslaIqjla iÕfjfiilg meñK" iNd. NslaIqjla ±l

zfï uf.a WmdOHdhka jykafia hZ fyda zwdpd¾hhka jykafia hZ

fyda lshd ,Êcdfjka wdfrdapkh fkdlrhs kï" weje;

ms<sika fjhs' weje;a wdfrdapkfhys § wffjÍ fyj;a

;ryldrfhla fkdùu;a iNd. NslaIqjla ùu u;a m%udKj;a fõ' 2tneúka wgqjdfjys zwfjÍiNd.u;a;fïj mudKxZ hkqfjka olajd

3;sfí' zwfõÍ;s ys;ldfudaZ hehs idrF:§mksfhys iòyka fõ'

hïlsis úiNd. mqoa.,fhla weje; wid kskaod" mßNj lsÍï

jYfhka ;ek ;ek m%ldY lrkafkla fõ o tn÷ jQ WmdOHdhhka

jykafiag o wdfrdapkh fkdl< hq;= nj wgqjdfjys mjid we;'

tneúka tn÷ úiNd. jQjkag jqj;a wdfrdapkh fkdlsÍfuka weje;a

ms<sika fkdfõ'

10

1' l=ÿisl yd mqrdK úia;r ikakh msg 042' iu'md 4" 871 msg fya'uq'3' idrF:§mkS-àld" iuqÉPhlaLkaOl" PÜGiÙ.dhkd


máÉPkak-msßfji yd máÉPkak-udk;

by; lS weje;a ms<sika jkakd jQ lreKq oyh i,ld

máÉPkakNdjh ±k bkamiq ms<sika jQ Èk .Kk o weje;a .Kk o

i,ld msßfji Èh hq;=h' bÈka tl Èkla ms<sika jQ tl weje;la fõ

kï" zwyx Nkaf; talx wdm;a;sx wdmÊðx ixfÉ;kslx iqlalúiÜÀx

taldymáÉPkakxZ hkqfjka fufia b,ajd iuqÉPhlaLkaOlfhys

WodhS f;reka jykafiag ÿka taldy máÉPkak-msßfjfiys lS l¾u

jdlHfhka Èh hq;=h' fufia Èk 14 olajd ojia jYfhka fhdod Èh

hq;=h' Èk 15la ms<sika jQ wejef;ys zmlaLmápPkakZ hehs fh§u

l< hq;=h' t;eka isg 29 jk Èkh hï;dla o ta;dla ms<sika jQ

wejef;ys zw;sf¾l mlaLmápPkakZ hkqfjka o uila ms<sika

jQfjys zudi mápPkakZ hehs o uig jvd jeä jQfjys zw;sf¾l udi

mápPkakZ hehs o folla jQfjys zfojudiZ ''' wdÈ jYfhka o fh§u 1l< hq;=h'

bÈka ms<sika jQ wdm;a;s folla fõ kï" zfoj wdm;a;sfhdZ

lshd o ;=kla jQfha kï" z;siafida wdm;a;sfhdaZ lshd o fh§u l<

hq;=h' Bg jvd jeäfhka we;a;d jQ weje;aj,g ziïnyq,dZ hehs

fhdod lsj hq;=h' kdkdjia;=l-wdm;a;s we;skï" zwyx Nkaf;a"

iïnyq,d iÙ>dÈfiaid wdm;a;sfhda wdmÊð tlx iqlalúiÜÀx" tlx

ldhixi.a.x" tlx ÿÜGq,a,jdpx" tlx w;a;ldux" tlx ixpß;a;x"

tldy máÉPkakdZ hehs" fufia .K îuQy& jYfhka fyda zwyx

Nkaf;a" iïnyq,d iÙ>dÈfiaid wdm;a;sfhda wdmÊðx

kdkdjF:qldfhda taldy máÉPkakdfhdZ hehs hkqfjka fufia

jia;=lS¾;k jYfhka fyda zwyx Nkaf;a" iïnyq,d iÙ>dÈfiaid

wdm;a;sfhda wdmÊðx taldymáÉPkakdfhdaZ hehs fufia kduud;% 2jYfhka fyda fh§u l< hq;=h'

by; lshk ,o mdG w;ßka zj;a:qls;a;k jfiak jdZ hkq

ku iu. jia;=j lS¾;kh lsÍuhs' tneúka zkdu u;a;jdZ hkafkka 3iaj,amud;% .ekSula woyia lrk ,oafoa hehs o; hq;=h'

11

1' md,s uq;a;l úkh úksÉPh" 307 msg2' iu'md 4" 872 msg fya'uq'3' lxLdú;rŒ-àld" ixia' hQ'mS' talkdhl" 122 msg


lxLdú;rŒ msgfmdf;ys zj;a:qjfiak jd - Y=l%fudapkdÈ

jH;sl%uKh fjjhs; kduu;a;jfiak jd hkq - kduud;% jYfhka

fyda; kduu;a;jfiakd;s mdfGd kduf.d;a;jfiakd;s ,sLka;s hkq 1.egmo hsZ hkqfjka i|yka fldg we;' by;ska lshk ,oafoa

NslaIqjl úiska kdkdjia;=l-iÕfjfiia weje;aj,g meñK thska

keÕS isàug msßfjia udk;a wdÈ hdpk jdlHhka iy odk

jdlHhka ilia lr .kakd wdldrh hs' th z.KZ jYfhka fyj;a

iuQy jYfhka fhdod fyda iÙ>dÈfiai hk ku;a iqlalúiÜÀ wdÈ

weje;;a fhdod fyda fkdtfia kï" yqfola iÙ>dÈfiai hk

kduud;%h muKla fhdod fyda hdpk odkdÈh isÿ lsÍfuka l¾uh

isoaêhg m;a jk nj hs' kduh jkdys fojeoEreï fõ'

tkï:

1'icd;s idOdrKx 2'iín idOdrKx

hkqfjks'

tys ziÙ>dÈfiaiZ hkak iajlSh cd;shg idOdrK jQjhs"

zwdm;a;sZ hkak i¾jidOdrK jQjhs" tneúka ziïnyq,d wdm;a;sfhda

wdmÊðx taldy máÉPkakdfhdaZ hehs fufia i¾jidOdrK jYfhka 2lSu o jà' by;ska lshk ,oafoa yqfola kduh fyj;a iÙ>dÈfiai

hkak fkdf.k iïnyq,d wdm;a;sfhda hkdÈ l%ufhka fhdod

hdpk odkdÈ lïjels ilia fldg msßfjia udk;a §fuka o wdm;a;s

jqÜGdkh isÿjk njhs' fufia zj;a:qZ jYfhka fyda zf.d;a;Z

jYfhka fyda zkduZ jYfhka fyda zwdm;a;sZ jYfhka fyda fhdod

wod< NslaIqjf.a ku we;=<;a fldg l¾u jdlHh ilia lr .;

hq;=h' bkamiqj msßisÿ jQ iÙlrfodaI úrys; jQ noaOdnoaO-iSudjlg

f.dia msßfji .; hq;=h' msßfjia" udk;a" uQ,dhmáliaik wdÈ

l¾u p;=jd¾.sl neúka" p;=jd¾.sl l¾uhlg fmdfydkd msßisÿ

is,a we;s wm%lD;s fyj;a lïu,íê jYfhka kdkdixjdil fkdjQ 3NslaIQka i;r kula l¾um%dma; úh hq;a;dy' wju jYfhka

12

1' lxLdú;rŒ msgfmd; ix>dÈfiai j¾Kkd 2' md,s uq;a;l úkhúksÉPh" 307 msg3' iu'md 4" 1044 msg fya'uq'


l¾udry-mqoa.,hd fkdue;sj NslaIQka isõkula isáh hq;=h'

l¾udry-mqoa.,hd ^msßfjia" udk;a .kq ,nk ;eke;a;d&

l¾um%dma; fkdjk w;r Tyq Pkaohg iqÿiafila o fkdfõ' tf;l=ÿ

jqj;a tu l¾udry-mqoa.,hd jia;=j fldg iÙ>hd úiska l¾uh isÿ 1lrkq ,efí'

mdßjdislhl=" udk;a;dry jQjl=" udk;a;pdßlhl="

uQ,dhmáliaikdry jQjl=" wíNdkdry jQjl= isjqjeks fldg fyda

úisjeks fldg fyda fyj;a .K mQrKh fldg msßfjia" udk;a wdÈ

l¾u fkdl< hq;= w;r lsÍfuka wisoaêhg o m;a fõ' zmdßjdisl

p;=;af:da fÉ NslaLfj" mßjdix ofohH" uQ,dhmáliafihH" 2udk;a;x ofohH" ;íNSfida wífNhH" wlïux k p lrŒhxZ

hkqfjka mdßjdisllaLkaOlfhys lshk ,oafoa tneúks' uQ,dh

máliaikdryd§ka .ek o fuf,i u i|yka fõ' fun÷ mßjdidÈ

iÙ>l¾uhkays § úkd fiiq iÙ>l¾uhkays § fudjqyq .K 3mQrKh fj;a'

Pkaoh §unoaO iSudjl mßjdi odkdÈh isÿ lrkafka kï" w;amiska

neyer isák wka NslaIQkAf.a Pkaoh .; hq;=h' .%du iSudj f.k isÿ

lrkafka kï .u ;=< w;amiska neyer isák wka NslaIQkaf.a Pkaoh

f.k tau fyda .fuka neyer lsÍu fyda isÿ l< hq;=h' fkdtfia kï

.u ;=< Pkaoh fkdÿka tla NslaIqjla fyda isàfuka úkh l¾uh

j¾. ù wisoaêhg m;a fõ' Wol=lafÄm iSudjl isÿ lrkafka kï

Wol=lafÄm iSud mßÉfþoh we;=<; w;ami yer isá NslaIQkaf.a

Pkaoh .; hq;=h' tfia u mßÉfþofhka neyer tn÷ u ;j;a

mßÉfþohla fkdblaujd isá NslaIQkAf.a;a Pkaoh f.k fyda

w;amig muqKqjd fyda Wmpdrfhka neyer fldg fyda l¾uh isÿ

l< hq;=h' fkdtfia kï l¾uh wisoaêhg m;a jkq we;s nj 4ud;slÜGl:dfjys olajd ;sfí' Pkaoh §ï .ekSïj, § fnfyúka

13

1' iu'md 4" 1045 msg fya'uq'2' pq,a,j.a.md,s 1" iuqÉphlaLkaOl" nq'c';s%' msg 166 3' iu'md 4" 864 msg fya'uq'4' ud;slÜGl:d" 07 msg fya'uq'


mßiaiï úh hq;=h' úkh l¾uhla i|yd ÿkakdjQ Pkaoh rEyKh

fkdùfuka j¾. ù úm;a l¾uhla njg m;a fõ' Pkaoh iÙ>hd 1fj;g meñfKa' úkhl¾uhg iQodkï ù isák iÙ>hdf.a w;ami

isg Pkaoh §fuka th isoaêhg m;a fkdjkq we;' úkh md<sfhys

jkdys ztalx NslaLqx WmiÙlñFjd tlxix W;a;rdiÙ>Ù lßFjd

Wlal=álx ksiSÈFjd w[ac,sx m.a.fyFjd tjuiai jpkSfhda Pkaox 2oïñ Pkaox fu yr Pkaox fu wdfrdfpys ''''Z hkqfjka o

zPJoydrflda fp NslaLfõ" Èkafk PfJo iÙ>mam;af;da '''' wdyfgda 3fyd;s PfJodZ hkqfjka o Pkaoh fokakd jQ;a meñfKkakd jQ;a

wdldr Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia foaYkd fldg we;' úu;súfkdaokS- 4àldfjys neyeßka u iÙ>hd fj; Pkaoh meñ‚h hq;= nj lshd

we;s neúka iÙ>hdf.a w;ami ysò Pkaoh fkdÈh hq;= nj

úfYaIfhka o; hq;=h'

lfhka ye`.ùfuka ^ldfhk ú[a[dfma;s& Pkaoh §u isÿ

l< yels nj lshd we;s jqj;a" fuu ú{dmkh is;ska is;d tkï"

úkh l¾u iòyd Pkaoh foñ hk woyiska hq;=j zldh úldrZ 5lrKfhka u isÿ l< hq;= nj úu;s úfkdaokS àldfjys lshd we;'

tf,i is;Sula fkdue;sj Pkaoh §ï wdÈh ms<snòj lsisÿ

wjfndaOhla fkdue;sj Pkaoh hkq l=ula±hs lshd j;a fkd±k ysi

ie,Sï wdÈfhka Pkaoh §u isÿjk njla o fkdfmfka' tneúka úkh

l¾uj,§ tl u iSudjla ;=< isák NslaIQkaf.a Pkaoh .ekSu isÿ

lrk úg ,yq fldg fkdis;d jvd;a ie,ls,af,kau isÿ l< hq;= nj

o; hq;=h' j;a udk;a §ï wdÈh fndfyda fihska l=vd iSudj, ̂ LKav

iSud& isÿ lrkq ,nk neúka Pkaoh f.k tau wvq h' iSud iuQyk"

iSud iïuq;sj,§ fndfyda fihska Pkaoh f.k taï isÿ l< hq;=

neúka fuu lreKq .ek úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq l< hq;=h'

iSudiuQykhlg fyda iSudiïuq;shlg fjk;a NslaIQkaf.ka Pkaoh

.kq ,nk l,ays tu Pkaoh ksis f,i fkd.ekSfuka isoaêhg

m;afkdù iSud iuQyk" iSudiïuq;s wdÈ l¾u o wisoaêhg m;a jkq

14

1' jðrnqoaêàld" Wfmdi:laLkaOl" 388 msg 2' uydj.a.md,s 1" nq'c';s%'" 290 msg3' uydj.a.md,s 1" nq'c';s%'" 292 msg 4' úu;súfkdaokS-àld5' úu;súfkdaokS-àld" Wfmdi:laLkaOl" PÜGiÙ.dhkd


we;' tn`ÿ iSudj, isÿ lrkq ,nk wfkla ish¨ u úkh l¾u o

wisoaêhg m;a fjhs' tneúka úkh l¾u iòyd Pkao f.k taï wdÈh

w;sYh ie,ls,af,ka" ksjerÈ j" iÙldjla fkdisgk whqßka u isÿ

l< hq;= nj wjOdrKfha ;nd .; hq;=h'

w;amifufia w;amiska neyerj isá NslaIQkaf.a Pkaoh f.k iSudj

msßisÿ fldg [;a;s p;=F: l¾u jdlHfhka wod< NslaIqjg msßfji

Èh hq;=h' m<uqj Tyq hdpk-jdlHh f;jrla lshd msßfji b,a,sh

hq;=h' fuu hdpkh wksjd¾hfhka u iÙ>hdf.a w;ami isg lsj 1hq;=h' ziÙ>x WmiÙlñFjdZ hkqfjka iuqÉphlaLkaOlfhys

i|ykaj we;af;a tneúks' iÙ>hd msßfji fok úg wod< NslaIqj

w;amiska ^ßhka folyudrlska& fliÕlaj;a bj;a fkdúh hq;=h' 2bj;a jqjfyd;a l¾uh wisoaêhg m;a fõ' zwhx bF:kakdfuda NslaLqZ

hkqfjka fmf<ys foaYkd fldg we;s neúka zwhxZ hkafkka 3w;amfiys isàu woyia lrhs'

tneúka by; lS lreKq wkqj msßfjia" udk;a"

uQ,dhmáliaik" wíNdk hk ish,a, b,a,k úg § iÙ>hdf.a

w;amfiys isg u b,aúh hq;= nj;a .kq ,nk úg § iÙ>hdf.a

w;amfiys isg u .; hq;= nj;a o; hq;= fia u" b,a,Sï-.ekSï

foflka l=ula fyda w;amiska neyerj isÿ lsÍfuka l¾uh

uq¿ukskau wisoaêhg m;a jk nj b;d fyd¢ka isys ;nd .; hq;=h'

fuf,i tla Èkla ms<sika jQ weje;la kï

taldymáÉPkak-mssßfjila f.k tu iSudfjys § u zj;a;x 4iudÈhdñ" mßjdix iudÈhdñZ hkqfjka mdßjdisllaLkaOlfhys lS

l%ufhka tla mohlska fyda mo follska fyda j; iudoka ùu l<

hq;=h' fuf,i j; iudoka ù tys § u iÙ>hdg wdfrdapkh l<

hq;=h' wdfrdapkh fldg toji fkdmqrkafka kï fyda myiq

úydrhlg hkq leue;af;a kï fyda fmf<ys lS whqßka zj;a;x

kslaÅmdñ" mßjdix kslaÅmdñZ hkqfjka mjid j; kslafIam l< 5hq;=h'

15

1' pq,a,j.a.md,s 1" iuqÉphlaLkaOl" nq'c';s%' msg 1962' pq,a,j.a.md,s 1" iuqÉphlaLkaOl" nq'c';s%' msg 252 3' úu;súfkdokS-àld msg 391 ixia" fír;=vqfõ OïudOdr;siai4' pq,a,j.a.md,s 1" iuqÉphlaLkaOl" nq'c';%s' msg 1685' md,s uq;a;l úkh úksÉPh" 309 msg


kslaÅ;a; wkslaÅ;a; fNaohl%u follgj;a mqrkakd jQ mqoa.,hska fofofkl= .ek

úkh-wgqjdfjys i|yka fõ'

tkï:

1'kslaÅ;a; mqoa.,hd1 2'wkslaÅ;a; mqoa.,hd

jYfhks'zkslaÅ;a;Z fyj;a msßfji kslafIam lrñka j; msÍu

úydrfhka f,âvqmamd; folla blaujd o zwkslaÅ;a;Z fyj;a

msßfji kslafIam fkdfldg j; msÍu úydrfhys §u o l< hq;= nj

wgqjd.; l%ufhka fmfka' úydrfhka neyer .fuys isg j;

msÍfï § Tyqf.a wdfrdapk lafIa;%h jkafka fodf<dia ßhka

Wmpdrhhs' tu fodf<dia ßhka Wmpdrh ;=<g meñ‚ ish,a,kag u

j; wdfrdapkh l< hq;=h' ±k ±k j; wdfrdapkh fkdlsÍfuka

rd;s%Éfþoh;a j;a;fNao-ÿl=,dj;a isÿ fõ' fkdokS kï rd;s%Éfþoh 2muKla isÿ fõ' úydrfhka neyer isg j; kslafIam fldg

^ksCÅF;jF;& msßfjia mqrkakd j; kslafIam fkdfldg úydrhg

.sh úg Tyqf.a wdfrdapk lafIa;%h fodf<dia ßhka Wmpdrh u fõ'

úydrfhys isák" Tyqf.a fodf<dia ßhka Wmpdrfhka neyerj isá

fkdÿgq" Yío fkdweiqKq" wkH NslaIQkag wdfrdapkhla wjYH

fkdfõ' fodf<dia ßhkska neyer isákafkla ÿgqfjd;a fyda Yíohla

weiqfKd;a fyda ta Wmimka NslaIqjla kï wdfrdapkh l< hq;=h'

fodf<dia ßhk we;=<; fkdfmfkk ;efkl isák NslaIqjg jqj;a

wdfrdapkh l< hq;= nj idrF:§mks àldfjys lshd we;s neúka 3wdfrdapkh fkdlsÍfuka rd;s%Éfþoh isÿjk nj o; hq;=h'

wkslaÅ;a; l%uhg j; mqrkakyq úiska úydr Wmpdrhg meñ‚

ishü Wmimka NslaIQkag wdfrdapkh l< hq;= nj úu;súfkdaokS

àldfjys i|yka fõ' wdfrdapkh lrkq ,nk md,s jdlHfha w¾:h

f.k hïlsis NdIdjlska wdfrdapkh lsÍu o jrola fkdue;s nj 4wgqjdfjys olajd we;'

16

1' iu'md 4" 873 msg fya'uq'2' iu'md 4" 873 msg fya'uq'3' idrF:§mks-àld iuqÉphlaLkaOl" PÜGix.dhkd4' iu'md 4" 872 msg fya'uq'


fjfyr ;=< kslaÅ;a; l%uhg fyj;aa j; kslafIam lrñka

msßfjia wdÈh msßula .ek fmf,a iy wgqjdfjys lshd fkdue;;a

mQ¾jfhys isáhd jQ ,ÊÔ" fmaI," YsCIdldó" nyqY%e; jQ úkfhys

ishqï úksYaphka mjd okakd jQ wdpd¾hfhda rd;S%Éfþo" j;a;fNao

fodaIhka ÿre lsÍï jYfhka fjfyr ;=< kslaÅ;a; l%uhg j;a

udk;a msßu isÿ lr;a' tneúka tu wdpd¾h kh m%lrKhkag

wkqf,dï neúka m%lrKdkqf,dau khla jYfhka m%Yia;;r hehs 1úkhd,Ùldr-àldfjys lshd we;' tfyhska fjfyr ;=< jqj;a

kslaÅ;a; l%uhg msßfjia" udk;a msßfuka Èk .Kk imsfrk nj

o; hq;=h'

fufia hï muK Èk.Kkla ms<sika jQ weje;g tmuK

fyda l=l=ia úfkdaokh ^ÿre& lsÍu ms‚i Bg jvd jeäfhka fyda 2msßfji mqrd iÙ>hd fj; t<U j; iudoka ù udk; b,a,sh hq;=h'

msßfji iudoka ù udk; b,a,Sug u;af;ka msßfji wdfrdapkh o 3l< hq;=h' bkamiqj udk; b,a,sh hq;=h' bÈka máÉPkak wdm;a;s

fkdfõ kï tn`ÿ mqoa.,hl=g wmáÉPkak udk; Èh hq;=h' th

fokaky q úi sk a tl a Èkla m s< sika j Q weje;lg

iuqÉphlaLkaOlfhys lS l%ufhka udk; Èh hq;=h' máÉPkak

msßfji msrejyqg wmáÉPkak iÙ>dÈfiaidm;a;s fõ kï 4máÉPkak udk;g ifudaOdk fldg Èh hq;=h' ms<sika-wdm;a;s

foll=;a fkdms<sika-wdm;a;s tll=;a fõ kï zmáÉPkakdkx p

wmáÉPkakdh pZ hehs hkqfjka udk;g we;=<;a fldg lsj hq;=h'

ms<sika-wdm;a;s tlla ù fkdms<sika folla jQfha kï zmáÉPkakdh

p wmáÉPkakx pZ hkqfjka lsj hq;=h' bÈka ms<sika-weje;a

.Kk;a folla kï fkdms<sika .Kk;a folla kï

zmáÉPkakdkx p wmáÉPkakdkx pZ hkqfjka lsj hq;=h' ish,a,gu

wkqrEm jk fia l¾ujdlH ilia fldg udk; Èh hq;=h' msrE

udk;a we;a;yqg iqÿiq f,i u l¾ujdlH ilid wíNdykh l< 5hq;=h'

17

1' úkhd,xldr-àld" .reldm;a;s jqÜGdk úksÉPh l:d" PÜGix.dhkd2' iu'md 4" 873 msg fya'uq' 3' úkhd,xldr-àld" .reldm;a;s jqÜGdk úksÉPh l:d" PÜGix.dhkd4' iu'md 4" 874 msg fya'uq'5' -tu-


wíNdkh isÿ lrk úg m%lD;s jQjl=g wíNdkh lsÍu

kqiqÿiqh' tneúka j; ûdk;& iudoka úh hq;=h' j; iudoka

ùfuka wíNdkhg iqÿiq jk w;r bkamiq udk; wdfrdapkh fldg 1wíNdkh b,aúh hq;=h' fuf,i taldm;a;s l%uhg by;ska lSjd jQ

máÉPkak msßfji;a máÉPkak udk;;a lshk ,oafoa hehs o;

hq;=h'

18

1' iu'md 4" 869 msg fya'uq'


iqoaOka; msßfji

msßisÿ-ld,h fl<jr fldg wiqoaO-ld,m%udKfhka msßis| 1lrk ,o msßfji iqoaOka; msßfji kï fõ' msßisÿ nj Y=oaêh hs

îqÊCOkx iqoafOda&' msßisÿ nj l=ulska o@ h;a wdm;a;sj,ska fjkaùu

fyj;a ke.S isàuhs' wuD;h fl<jr fldg hkafkakqZhs wka; kñ

^wu;s TidkNdjx .ÉP;S;s wkaf;da&' msßisÿ jQ fl<jrla hï

msßfjilg we;af;akqZhs ziqoaOka;Z kñ îqoafOda wkaf;da hiai

mßjdiiaid;s iqoaOkaf;da&' iqoaOka; jQfha;a th u h' mssßfji jQfha;a

thu hkqhs iqoaOka;-msßfji kñ ̂iqoaOkaf;da p fida mßjdfida pd;s 2iqoaOka; mßjdfida&' fuu iqoaOka;-msßfji iuqÉphlaLkaOfhys

wOd¾ñl udk;a fl<jr zf;k fLda mk iufhak w[a[;frda

NslaLq iïnyq,d iÙ>dÈfiaid wdm;a;sfhda wdmkafkda fyda;s wdm;a;s 3mßhka;x k cdkd;s r;a;s mßhka;x k cdkd;sZ hkqfjka

wkqokakd ,oafoah' tu iqoaOka;-msßfji"

1'pQ,iqoaOka;h2'uydiqoaOka;h

hkqfjka fojeoEreï h'

fojeoEreï jQ fuu iqoaOka;h rd;S%-mßÉfþoh uq¿ukska u

fyda we;eï fldgila fyda fkdokakyqg o isys fkdlrkakyq o tys

úu;s we;a;yqg o Èh hq;=h' weje;a m%udKh ±k .ekSu fyda fkd±k 4.ekSu fuu iqoaOka;hg lreKla fkdfõ'

pQ,iqoaOka;hhfula Wiïmod jQ Èkfha mgka wiqj,a wiqj,a ojila fyda

mlaIhla fyda udihla fyda wjqreoaola fyda ;udf.a iqoaêh okafka

kï" Tyqg ÿkakd jQ iqoaOka; msßfjig zpQ, iqoaOka;Z hhs lshkq

,efí' tu pQ,iqoaOka;h f.k msßfjia mqrkakyq úiska hï muK

ld,hla ;udf.a msßisÿ nj okS o tmuK ld,hla bj;a fldg fiiq

19

1' úkhd,Ùldr-àld" .reldm;a;sjqÜGdkúksÉPhl:d" PÜGiÙ.dhkd2' -tu-3' pq,a,j.a.md<s 1" iuqÉphlaLkaOl" nq'c';s%' 282 msg4' md<s uq;a;lúkhúksÉPh" 318 msg


udihla fyda folla msßfji msßh hq;=h' bÈka uila muK wiqoaO

hehs is;d msßfji f.k mqrkq ,nk l,ays ;j;a udihla isys lrhs

kï tu udih o msßfji msßh hq;=h' kej; msßfjiaodk lD;Hhla

ke;' fouila wiqoaO hhs is;d msßfji f.k tl uila u zuu

wiqoaO fjñZ hehs ikaksIaGdkhla lrhs kï uila u mssßfji msßh

hq;=h' kej; msßfjia §fï lD;Hhla ke;' fuu pQ,iqoaOka;h 1Wvg ke`.Su o hgg neiSu o isÿ lrhs'

uydiqoaOka;hWmiïmod jQ Èkfha mgka wkqf,dau jYfhka fyda wdfrdaÑ;

Èkfha mgka m%;sf,dau jYfhka fyda úpdrkq ,nk l,ays ÿ rd;S%-

m¾hka;h fkdokS o isys fkdlrhs o úu;s we;af;a fyda fjhs o

Tyqg ÿkakd jQ iqoaOka; msßfji zuydiqoaOka;hZ hehs lshkq ,efí'

th f.k" msßfji .;a Èkfha mgka Wmiïmod jQ Èkh f;la

hï;dla Èk .Kkla fõ o tu Èk .Kk .Kka fldg ta;dla

msßfji msßh hq;=h' fuu uydiqoaOka;fhys Wvg ke`.Sula isÿ 2fkdjk w;r hgg neiSula we;' msßfjia mqrk w;r;=r ksielj u

rd;S% ikaksIaGdkhla lrhs kï" uila fyda folla fyda lshd ld,

ks¾Kh lsÍfuka tu udih fyda fol fyda msßfji msßh hq;=h'

iqoaOka;-msßfji hdpk" odkdÈ l%u pq,a,j.a.md,sfhys 3iuqÉphlaLkaOlh n,d o; hq;=h'

20

1' iu'md 4" 874-875 msg fya'uq'2' iu'md 4" 875 msg fya'uq'3' pq,a,j.a.md,s 1" iuqÉphlaLkaOl" nq'c';s%' 282 msg


ifudaOdk msßfji

tl;= lrkq ,nkafka kqhs zifudaOdkZ kñ' ^kdkdld,sld

kdkdjF:qld wdm;a;sfhda w.a.dÈjfiak ifudaOdkx tlSlrKx

ifudaOdfk;ajd lf;da mßjdfida ifudaOdk mßjdfida;s 1ú.a.fyda&'

tu ifudaOdk msßfji

1'ÓdkifudaOdk2'w.a.ifudaOdk

2 3'ñiailifudaOdkhkqfjka f;jeoErEï fõ'

1' ́ OdkifudaOdkÓdkifudaOdk hkq wka;rdm;a;shlg meñK

ms<sikalrkakyqg msßfjia úiQ Èk .Kk bj;a fldg" uld uq,a

wejef;ys ojia mßÉfþofhka miqj meñ‚ weje; ifudaOdk fldg

^tl;= fldg& Èh hq;= msßfjihs' th iuqÉphlaLkaOlfhys zf;k ys

NslaLfõ" iÙf>da Wodhsx NslaLqx wka;rd tlsiaid wdm;a;shd

ixfÉ;ksldh i ql alúiÜÀhd m[apdy máÉPkakdh 3uQ,dhmáliaisFjd mqßudh wdm;a;shd ifudaOdk mßjdix foa;=Z

hkqfjka foaYkd fldg we;' zTOdkx p ifudaOdkx p TOdk

ifudaOdkx - ;x hF: fida TOdkifudaOdk mßjdfidaZ hkq 4lÙLdú;rŒ msgm;hs' zTOqksFjd wjOQh mydh ifudaOdfkda

5TOdkifud aO dfkd a Z hk q úkhF:u[ac qid -àldjh s '

zwka;rdm;a;shZ hkafkka woyia lrk ,oafoa msßfji kslafIam

fkdlr j; mqrk w;r;=r meñ‚ wej;hs' fuu wka;rdm;a;sl

;;a;ajhg msßfjia mqrk" udk;a;dry" udk; mqrk" wíNdkdry

hk wjia:djkays § m;aúh yelsh' lÙLdú;rŒ msgmf;ys o fuh

zwka;rdm;a;sx - msßfjia jik l,e fyda hk ñys hï w;=frle 6wks;a iÕfjfiia weje;laZ hkqfjka olajd we;' hfula ms<sika-

21

1' úkhd,xldr-àld" .reldm;a;s jqÜGdk úksÉPh l:d" PÜGix.dhkd2' iu'md 4" 875 msg fya'uq'3' pq,a,j.a.md,s 1" iuqÉphlaLkaOl" nq'c';s%' 232 msg4' lxLdú;rŒ msgfmd;" ixia' l¿fld|hdfõ m[a[dfialr" 41 msg5' lxLdú;rŒ-àld" ixia' hQ'mS' talkdhl" 125 msg6' lxLdú;rŒ-msgfmd;" ixia' l¿fld|hdfõ m[a[dfialr" 41 msg


weje;lg msßfjila f.k mqrk w;r;=r fyda udk;a;dry

wjia:dfjys § fyda udkf;ys yeisfrk w;r fyda wíNdkdry

wjia:dfjys § fyda fjk;a .re-weje;lg meñK uq,a weje;g iuj

fyda wvqfjka fyda ms<sika ^jika& lrhs kï" Tyqg uQ,dh

máliaikfhka ta msrE msßfjia Èk .Kk o udk;a Èk .Kk o

ish,a, bj;a fldg tkï" fkdojia fldg miqj meñ‚ weje; uq,a 1wejef;ys ifudaOdk fldg Èh hq;=h'

wka;rdm;a;sh wmáÉPkak jQ wjia:dfjys § uQ,dh

máliaikh fldg bkamiq l=ula l< hq;= o hkak .ek fm<

wgqjdjkays iDcqj i|ykla fkdue;' md<suq;a;l úkhúksÉPh

iÙ.%yfhys zifÉ mk máÉPkakdh wdm;a;shd mßjikaf;da

wka;rd wdm;a;sx wdmÊð;ajd k máÉPdfoa;s ;iaid 2uQ,dhmáliaikdfhaj ld;índ mqk mßjdiodklsÉpx kFÓZ

hkqfjka bÈka máÉPkak-weje;g msßfjia mqrkqfha

wka;rdm;a;shg meñK fkdjihs o ta weje;g uQ,dhmáliaikh u

l< hq;=h' zkej; msßfjia §ï lD;Hhla ke;Z hkqfjka i|ykaj

we;' lÙLdú;rŒ-wNskj àldfjys zifÉ wka;rdm;a;s

wmáÉPkakd fyd;s uQ,dhmáliaikx

àld foflays we;a;djQ fuu mdG fol wúpdrd;aulj .ekSfuka

fm<g;a úkh úksÉPh iÙ.%yhg;a úreoaO fõ' àld fofla wl;ajd

hk mo fofla u zwz hkak f,aLk fodaIhla f,i i,ld bj;a

fldg zlFjdZ hkak muKla .;a úg fm<g;a úkhúksÉPh

iÙ.%yhg;a ukdj .e<fma' PÜGiÙ.dhkd lÙLdú;rŒ-

wNskjàldfjys o olajd we;af;a zwlFjdZ hkqfjks' th o f,aLk

fodaIhla f,i ie,lSu jà' lÙLdú;rŒ mqrdK$wNskj àld

foflys mer‚ mqiafld< fmd;aj, fuh zlFjdz hkqfjka ;snqqKq

njg ks.ukh l< yelsh' lÙLdú;rŒ mqrdK$wNskj àld l,

wl;ajd mqífí.ys; 3mßjdfiafhaj mßjis;ínxZ hehs o" lÙLdú;rŒ-mqrdKàldfjys

zwmáÉPkakd fÉ wka;rdm;a;s" uQ,dhmáliaikx wl;ajd 4mqífí.ys; mßjdfiafkaj mßjis;ínxZ hehs o olajd ;sfí' tu

22

1' iu'md 4" 876 msg fya'uq'2' md,s uq;a;l úkh úksÉPh" 330 msg3' lxLdú;rŒ wNskj àld" ixia' hQ' mS' talkdhl' 126 msg 4' lxLdú;rŒ mqrdK àld" ix>dÈfiai j¾Kkd" PÜGix.dhkd'


;s%msglOdÍ uyW;=ukaf.a woyi o fuh u úh hq;=h' túg

wmáÉPkak-wka;rdm;a;shg uQ,dhmáliaikh muKla isÿ fldg

fmr .;a;djQ msßfji kej; mqrd udk;g th ifudaOdk l<

yelsh'

wka;rdm;a;sh uQ,dm;a;shg ûq,a weje;g& jvd jeämqr

ms<sika jQfha kï tys § wka;rdm;a;sh uQ,dm;a;sh njg m;a fldg

uq,a weje; thg ifudaOdk fldg msßfji Èh hq;=hs' fokakd jQ

l¾ujdlHhla fmf<ys îuqÉphlaLkaOlfhys& lshd ke;s neúka

úkhOrhdf.a l¾ujdlHh fh§fï yelshdj u fuys m%udKh hhs

úkh-wgqjdfjys lshd we;' fuh ́ OdkifudaOdk kï fõ'

2' w.a.ifudaOdkfndfyda ld,hla ms<sika wdm;a;Skaf.a w.fhka ifudaoka

1lsÍu w.a.ifudaOdk kï fõ' zw.a.Z hkafkka wdm;a;sh 2máÉPkakj úiQ rd;S% iÙLHdj woyia lrhs' lÙLdú;rŒ

msgfmdf;ys o w.af.k-w.úiska" rd;S% mßÉfþoh úiska hehs o

tys u zw.af.ak ifudaOdkx w.a.ifudaOdkx ;x hF: fida 3w.a.ifudaOdfkda mßjdfidaZ hkqfjkq;a úkhd,Ùldr-àldfjys o

4zw.af.ak w.a.jfiak wryjfiak ifudaOdkx w.a.ifudaOdkxZ

hkq ú.%yhhs' fndfyduhlaa-weje;a w;=ßka tlla fyda folla fyda

;=kla fyda fndfyda fyda weje;a" ish,a,g u jvd hï weje;la

jeämqr ms<sika jQjdyq o ta jeämqr ms<sika jQ wdm;a;Skaf.a rd;S%

.Kkska fiiq wvqfjka ms<sika jQ weje;a tl;= fldg fyj;a Bg 5we;=<;a fldg fokakdjQ msßfji w.a.ifudaOdk kï fõ' fuu

w.a.ifudaOdkh iuqÉplaLkaOlfhys zf;k fLda mk iufhak

w[a[;frda NsCLq iïnyq,d iÙ>dÈfiaid wdm;a;sfhda wdmkafkda

fyda;s' tld wdm;a;s tldy máÉPkakd' tld wdm;a;s oaùy 6máÉPkakdZ hkdÈ l%ufhka wdfõh' jðrnqoaê-àldfjys

zw.a.ifudaOdkh kï iNd. jia;=l jQ fndfyda weje;aj,g

23

1' lxLdú;rŒ-àld" ixia' hQ'mS' talkdhl 2' úkh fldaIh" 18 msg3' lxLdú;rŒ msgfmd;" ixia' l¿fld|hdfõ m[a[dfialr" 41 msg 4' úkhd,xldr-àld" .reldm;a;s jqÜGdk úksÉPh l:d" PÜGix.dhkd5' iu'md 4" 876 msg fya'uq'6' pq,a,j.a.md,s 1" iuqÉphlaLkaOl" nq'c';s%' 250 msg


meñ‚hyqg jeämqr rd;S% iÙLHdjla ms<sika jQ wejef;ys nyd ,d Èh 1hq;=Z hehs lshk ,oafoah' úkhd,Ùldr-àldfjys ziÙ>dÈfiafidaZ

hk jpkfhka o zwdm;a;sZ hk jpkfhka o kduh fukau

wdm;a;sh o .kakd ,oafoa fjhs' tneúka w.a.ifudaOdkh jYfhka

msßfji ÿka l,ays zwyx Nkaf;a" iïnyq,d wdm;a;sfhda wdmÊÔxZ

hkdÈ jpkfhka o jia;=j o f.da;%h o kduh o weje; o .;a neúka

fndfyda ld,hla ms<sika jQ o wvqfjka ms<sika jQ o iNd.jia;=l jQ o

úiNd. jQ o ish¨ u wdm;a;sj,ska ke.S isàu isÿ fõ hehs o; hq;= nj

lshd we;' by; lS wgqjd" àldj, lreKq wkqj w.a.ifudaOdkh

.ek f;areï .; hq;af;a fufia h' tl NslaIqjlg iNd. jQ fndfyda

iÕfjfiia weje;a o úiNd. jQ fndfyda iÕfjfiia weje;a o

È.=l,la ms<sika jQ o flá l,la mss<sika jQ o kdkdjia;=l jQ o

weje;a we;s w;r úkh-wgqjdfjys jia;=" f.da;%" kdu" wdm;a;s hkdÈ

jYfhka fhdod l¾ujdlH ilid .ekSu iqÿiq hehs lS neúka tf,i

jF:q" kdudÈ jYfhka fhdod l¾ujdlH ilid w.a.ifudaOdk

msßfji .ekSfuka iNd. jQ o úiNd. jQ o fndfyda l,a ms<sika jQ o

wvqfjka ms<sika jQ o ish¨ u weje;aj,ska ke.S isàu isÿ fjhs'

fuys § úfYaIfhka u o; hq;= jkafka jeä l,la ms<sika wejef;ys

wfkla weje;a nyd,k neúka ms<sika Èk .Kk kshu jYfhka

ksYaph fldg msßfji msßh hq;= h hkakhs' tfia fkdjqKq fyd;a

máÉPkak Èk .Kkg msßfji msrE ke;s neúka l¾uh wisoaêhg

m;a fõ' uq, msßh hq;= jQ msßfji ukdj fkdmqrk ,o kï" wfkla

udk;a wdÈh o wisoaêhg m;a ù .re-weje;aj,ska ke.S isàula isÿ

fkdfõ'

3' ñiailifudaOdkzñiaildkx ifudaOdfkda ñiailifudaOdfkdaZ hkq

lÙLdú;rŒ-àldjhs' zkdkdjF:qldkx wdm;a;Skx ifudaOdfkda

ñiailifudaOdfkda" ;x hiai fida ñiailifudOdfkda mßjdfidaZ

hkq lÙLdú;rŒ msgfmd;hs' kdkdjia;=l weje;a tl;= fldg

24

1' jðrnqoaêàld" iuqÉphlaLkaOl" PÜGix.dhkd" 388 msg


fokakdjQ msßfji zñiailifudaOdkZ kñ' fuh ,nd fok l%uh

zwyx Nkaf;a" iïnyq,d iÙ>dÈfiaid wdm;a;sfhd wdmÊðx tlx

iqlalúiÜÀx" tlx ldhixi.a.xZ hkdÈ l%ufhka wod< NslaIqj

b,ajd Bg wkqrEmSj l¾ujdlH ilid Èh hq;= nj wgqjdfjys lshk 1,oafoa h' w.a.ifudaOdkfhka iNd. jQ o úiNd. jQ o ÑrmáÉPkak

wÑrmáÉPkak ish¨ u weje;aj,ska ke.S isàu isÿjk w;r ñiail

ifudaOdkfhka ÑrmáÉPkak jQ o wÑr máÉPkak jQ o weje;aj,ska 2ke.S isàu isÿ fkdfõ hhs o; hq;=h' fu;e;ska máÉPkak-

msßfji" wmáÉPkak-msßfji" iqoaOka;-msßfji" ifudaOdk-

msßfji hk msßfjia l%u i;r u lshk ,oafoa h'

kej; o iÙlafIam jYfhka msßfji(

1'máÉPkak-msßfji

2'wmáÉPkak-msßfji jYfhka fojeoEreï fõ'

máÉPkak-msßfji o iqoaOka;-msßfji yd ifudaOdk-

msßfji hkqfjka fojeoEreï fõ' iqoaOka;-msßfji" pq,iqoaOka;"

uydiqoaOka; hkqfjka fojeoEreï fõ' ifudaOdk-msßfji

´ÞkifudaOdk" w.a.ifudaOdk" ñiailifudaOdk jYfhka

f;jeoErEï fõ'

25

msßfji

iqoaOka; ifudaOdk

máÉPkak wmáÉPkak^;sFÓhmßjdi&

pq,a,iqoaOka; uydiqoaOka;

ódkifudaOdk w.a.ifudaOdk ñiailifudaOdk1' iu'md 4" 876 msg fya'uq' 2' úkhd,xldr-àld" .reldm;a;s jqÜGdk úksÉPh l:d" PÜGix.dhkd


wmáÉPkak-udk;iÕfjfiia-weje;lg m;a NslaIqj th tojfiys u fjk;a

Wmimka NslaIqjlg wdfrdapkh l< hq;=h' wdfrdapkh lsÍug

yelshdj ;sìh § th wdfrdapkh fkdlsÍfuka weje; máÉPkak

fjhs' túg msßfjig ry îqÿiq& jQfhla fjhs' tojfiys u

wdfrdapkh lsÍfuka udk;g muKla ry jQfhla fjhs' bÈka

wmáÉPkak jQ tl u weje;la kï" ztlx wdm;a;sx wdmÊðx'''Z hkdÈ

iuqÉphlaLkaOlfhys wd l%ufhka udk; .; hq;=h' bÈka folla

fyda ;=kla wmáÉPkak weje;a fõ kï" zoafõ wdm;a;sfhda" ;siafida

wdm;a;sfhda '''Z lshd fh§u fldg udk; .; hq;=h' ;=klg jeämqr

we;s weje;a ish,a,g u ziïnyq,d wdm;a;sfhdaZ lshd fh§u l< 1hq;=h' iqlalúiÜÀ" ldhixi.a." ÿÜGq,a,jdpd hk wdÈ jQ

kdkdjia;=l-wmáÉPkak-wdm;a;Syq o jF:q" f.d;a;dÈ jYfhka

fhdod l¾ujdlH ilid Èh hq;=h' máÉPkak- udk;" máÉPkak-

msßfjig u fok neúka th by;ska lshkd ,oafoa h'

mlaLudk;NslaIq‚hlg Èh hq;= udk; zmlaLudk;Zhs' z.reOïux

wÊCOdmkakdh NslaLqkshd WNf;da iÙf>a mlaLudk;a;x 2pß;ínxZ hkqfjka .reO¾uhlg meñ‚ NslaIq‚h foiÕ=ka

flfrys mlaLudk; msßh hq;=h hehs NslaLqkSLkaOlfhys lshk ,o

neúka" ms<sika fyda fkdms<sika weje;lg wvuila u mlaLudk;

Èh hq;=h' .reweje;g m;a NslaIq‚h úiska fuh NslaIqŒiÙ>hd 3yuqfjys f.k NslaIq-NslaIqŒ foiÕ=ka flfrys u msßh hq;=h'

mlaLudk; msÍu jQ l,s b;d ÿIalr jQjls' NslaIqŒiÙ>hd ful,

ke;s neúka th úia;r lsÍu ksr¾:l h' wjYHjQjkag

pq,a,j.a.md<s wgqjdfjka n,d o; yelsh'

26

1' iu'md 4" 867 msg fya'uq' 2' pq,a,j.a.md,s 2" NslaLqkSLkaOlh" nq'c';s%' msg 4723' iu'md 4" 877 msg fya'uq'


ifudaOdkudk;ÓdkifudaOdk" w.a.ifudaOdk" ñiailifudaOdk

jYfhka ifudaOdk-udk; f;jeoEreï fõ' iuqÉphlaLkaOlfhys

wd m[apdymáÉPkak weje;g msßfjia mqrkakd jQ WodhS f;reka

jykafia msßfjfiys o udk;a;dry wjia:dfjys o wka;rdm;a;shg

meñK uQ,dhmáliaikh fldg tu m[apdymáÉPkak-

iÕfjfiia- weje;aj,g;a msßfjia mqrk w;r;=r m;ajqKq

wmáÉPkak-weje;g;a udk;a;dry wjia:dfjys § isÿ jQ

wmáÉPkak-weje;g;a zf;ak ys NsCLfõ iÙf>da Wodhsiai 1NsCLqfkda ;siaikakx wdm;a;Skx Pdr;a;x udk;a;x foa;=Z hkqfjka

2wkqokakd ,o udk; ódkifudaOdk-udk; kï fõ'

w.a.ifudaOdk" ñiailifudaOdk hk udk;a fol jQ l,s

w.a.ifudaOdk" ñiailifudaOdk-msßfjia wjidkfhys § Èh hq;=

udk;a folhs' th msßfjia-l¾ujdlHdkqidrfhka u fhdod Èh 3hq;=h' fu;elska lshk ,oafoa udk;a l%u y;r ms<sn|jhs'

kej; o iÙfCIam jYfhka máÉPkak yd wmáÉPkak

jYfhka udk; fofldgilg fnfoa' máÉPkak-msßfji msÍfuys §

isÿ jQ wmáÉPkak-wka;rdm;a;s" uQ,dh máliaikh fldg msßfji

mqrd wk;=rej wmáÉPkak wka;rdm;a;s" ifudaOdk l< hq;=h' fuu

ifudaOdk-udk; jkdys ódkifudaOdk" w.a.ifudaOdk"

ñiailifudaOdk lshd f;jeoEreï fõ'

27

udk;

máÉPkak wmáÉPkak

ifudaOdk-udk;

ódkifudaOdk w.a.ifudaOdk ñiailifudaOdk

1' pq,a,j.a.md,s 1" iuqÉphlaLkaOl" nq'c';s%' 218 msg2' iu'md 4" 879-880 msg fya'uq'3' iu'md 4" 880 msg fya'uq'


msßfjia mqrk NslaIqjf.a rd;s%Éfþo

Wmd,s uyry;ka jykafia nqÿrcdKka jykafia fj; t<U

zl;skqfLda Nkaf;a" mdßjdisliai NsCLqfkda r;a;sÉfþodZ hkqfjka

ziajdóks" msßfjia jik NslaIqjg rd;s%Éfþo flf;la o@Z hehs

úuiQy' z;fhda fLda Wmd,s" mdßjdisliai NslaLqfkda r;a;sÉfþod

iyjdfida" úmamjdfida wkdfrdapkdZ hkqfjka zWmd,s" iyjdih"

úmamjdih" wkdfrdapkh lshd msßfjia jik NslaIqjg rd;s%Éfþo 1;=fkleZhs Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jod< fial' msßfjia mqrk NslaIqj

úiska by; lS rd;s%Éfþo ;=k ukdj o; hq;=h' th ksishdldrj

fkd±kSfuka rd;s%Éfþoh isoaO ù msßfjfia Èk .Kk kshu f,i

fkdmsÍfuka .kakd jQ udk;a wdÈh;a wisoaêhg m;a fõ' tneúka

iyjdi" úmamjdi" wkdfrdapk hk wdldr;%h my; úia;r flf¾'

iyjdihwdjdi iy wkdjdi jYfhka ia:dk folls' zwdjdiZ hkq

jev jdih lsÍu i|yd lrk ,o fikiqkhs' zwkdjdihZ kï

fÉ;sh>r" fndaêh>r" bo,a-fldiq ;nk ueis" orueis" jeisls<s"

fodrfldgq wdÈhhs' mdßjdisl NslaIqjla jkdys m%lD;s NslaIqjla

iu`. mxpúO Pokhkaf.ka fiú,s lrk ,o fyda tajdg

wkqf,dau jQ fyda wdjdihl ke;fyd;a wkdjdihl jdih lsÍu

iyjdihhs' fuu wdjdi" wkdjdi foflys jy<fhka Èh jefgk

wjldYh ;=< m%lD;s-NslaIqjla ksok l,ays msßfjia mqrk NslaIqj ±k

±k ksohs kï" rd;s%Éfþoh fuka u j;a;fNao ÿl=,dj isÿ fõ'

fkd±k ksohs kï" rd;s%Éfþoh muKla isÿ fõ' mdßjdisl-NslaIqj

b| f.k isàfuka rd;s%Éfþoh isÿ fkdfõ' ksok-bßhõjg

meñŒfuka u rd;s%Éfþoh isÿ fjhs' kdkd Wmpdr we;a;d jQ

talÉPkak wdjdi" wkdjdihkays o m%lD;s-NslaIqjla iu`. ks£fuka 2rd;s%Éfþoh isÿ jk nj o; hq;=h'

28

1' pq,a,j.a.md,s 1" mdßjdisllaLkaOlh" nq'c';s%' 166 msg2' iu'md" 4" 864 msg' fya'uq'


úmamjdih1tl,dj jdih lsÍu zúmamjdihZhs' msßfji iudoka jQ

NslaIqjg msÍug j;la we;s neúka Tyq ;ksj jdih fkdl< hq;=h'

hg;amsßfihska tla NslaIqjla fyda isáh hq;=h' tla NslaIqjlaj;a

fkdue;sj msrejdjQ msßfji .KkQm. fkdfõ' oiúO-wka;rdhla

we;s l,ays jqj o tl,dj msrejd jQ msßfji .KkQm. fkdjk nj

o; hq;=h' kslaÅ;a; l%uhg úydr-Wmpdrfhka neyerj j;

msÍfuys § oajdoi yF:Qmpdrh ^fodf<dia ßhk& we;=<; Wmimka-

NslaIqjla isàu iyjdih hs' ;j o fodf<dia ßhk ;=< isá NslaIQkag

msßfji wdfrdapkh fldg Tjqka we; hhs i,ld úiQ l,ays tu

NslaIQkaf.a hEfuka rd;s%Éfþoh isÿ fkdjk nj wgqjdfjys olajd 2;sfí' úydrfhys isg msßfji msÍfï § úydr Wmpdrfha m%lD;s-

NslaIQka isàu iyjdihhs' úydrfhys isá NslaIQkag jqj o wdfrdapkh

fldg" tu NslaIQka úydrh ;=< we;s nj i,ld jdih lrk l,ays

wka ish¨ NslaIQka lsishï lghq;a;la i|yd fjfyßka kslau .sh

l,ays úmamjdihla isÿ fkdjk nj úu;súfkdaokS àldfjys 3i|yka fõ'

lïu fyda ,íê kdkdixjdilhska iómfhys mqrkakdjQ

msßfji o .KkQm. fkdfõ' Tjqka isákakd jQ wdjdih msßfjia 4mqrk iudk ixjdil NslaIqjg wNslaLql-wdjdihla n÷ h' iudk-

ixjdilhska Tjqfkdjqka <Õ;a kdkdixjdilhska Tjqfkdjqka

<Õ;a mqrkakdjQ msßfji .KkQm. fõ'

wkdfrdapkh5wkdfrdapkh hkq wd.ka;=ld§kag wdfrdapkh fkdlsÍuhs' 6zwd.ka;=flak wdfrdafÉ;ínx" wd.ka;=liai wdfrdafÉ;ínxZ

hkdÈ l%ufhka foaYkd lr we;s neúka fjk;a fjfyrlg .sh

msßfjia mqrk wd.ka;=l NslaIqj tu fjfyfrys isák wkH ish¨ u

NslaIQkag j; wdfrdapkh l< hq;=h' fuh zwd.ka;=flak

29

1' iu'md 4" 866 msg' fya'uq'2' iu'md 4" 868 msg' fya'uq'3' úu;súfkdokS-àld" iuqÉphlaLkaOl" ixia' fír;=vqfõ OïudOdr ysñ" 450 msg4' iu'md 4" 864-865 msg' fya'uq' 5' iu'md 4" 866 msg' fya'uq'6' pq,a,j.a.md,s 1" iuqÉphlaLkaOl" nq'c';s%' 160 msg


wdfrdafÉ;ínxZ hkakhs' msßfjia mqrk NslaIqj jev fjfik

fjfyrg meñ‚ wd.ka;=l NslaIQkag wdfrdapkh lsÍu 1zwd.ka;=liai wdfrdafÉ;ínxZ hkakhs' jeäukla jYfhka u j;a

udk;a mqrk NslaIQkaf.a rd;s%Éfþoh isÿ jkafka fuu wkdfrdapkh

fya;= fldg f.k h' tneúka jeä jYfhka wkdfrdapkh fu;eka

mgka úia;r flf¾'

wkslaÅ;a; l%uhg úydrh ;=< NslaIqjla msßfjia mqrk

l,ays wd.ka;=l NslaIqjla fudfyd;lg fyda fjfyrg msúfihs kï

fyda fjfyr ueÈka .uka lrhs kï Tyqg o wdfrdapkh l< hq;=h'

j; mqrk NslaIqj ±k .ekSug u;af;ka hhs kï tu NslaIqj fidhd

f.dia wdfrdapkh l< hq;=h' yuq ùug fkdyels jqj fyd;a

rd;s%Éfþoh isÿ fjhs' jF;fNao ÿl=,dj isÿ fkdfõ' fkd±k fyda

meñK .shfyd;a rd;s%Éfþoh isÿ fõ' tneúka j;a mqrk NslaIQka

wd.ka;=l NslaIQkaf.a meñŒu ms<sn|j ks;r úuis,af,ka isáh

hq;=h' Wmpdr N+ñfhka neyer jQ NslaIqjla jqj o ±lSfuka fyda tu

NslaIqjf.a Yío weiSfuka fyda NslaIqjla u hk jHjia:dmkh we;s

kï fyda t;ekg f.dia fyda wdfrdapkh l< hq;=h' ke;fyd;a

rd;s%Éfþoh isÿ fõ' tneúka wgqjdfjys zk§ wd§iq kdjdh

.ÉPka;ïms mr;Sf¾ À;ïms wdldfiak .ÉPka;ïms

mín;;,wr[a[dÈiq ¥f¾ À;ïms NslaLqx Èiajd ifÉ NslaLQ;s

jjF:dkx wFÓ" kdjd§ys jd .JFjd uydioaox lFjd jd fõf.ak 2wkqnJêFjd jd wdfrdafÉ;ínxZ hkqfjka lshk ,oafoah' zNsCLQ;s

jjF:dkx wFÓZ hkafkka woyia lrk ,oafoa zfï NslaIqjla u hZ

hk ikaksIaGdkh ;sìh hq;= njhs' zNslaIqjlahZ hk ikaksIaGdkh

ke;s kï" wkdfrdapkfhka rd;s%Éfþoh isÿ fkdfõ' NslaIqjla o

wNslaIqjla o hk ielh we;s l,ays wdfrdapkh fkdlr isàu

kqiqÿiq h' ielh jkdys úkh l¾uhg ydks muqKqjk neúka .re

;ekays msysgd fidhd n,d NslaIqjla kï" wdfrdapkh l< hq;=h'

tf,i Wmpdrfhka neyer isá NslaIqjla ±l wdfrdapkh lsÍug hk

w;r;=r ;j;a Wimmka NslaIQka olS kï" Tjqkag o wdfrdapkh l<

30

1' iu'md 4" 863 msg fya'uq'2' iu'md 4" 864 msg fya'uq'


hq;=h' fjfyr ;=< j; mqrkakd fjfyßka kslauqKq l,ays ÈÜGrEm"

iq;rEm mqoa.,hkag muKla wdfrdapkh l< hq;= nj o; hq;=h'

úkh-wgqjdfjys zwhx p fkaix P;a;ioaox jd

WlaLdis;ioaox jd Åms;ioaox jd iq;ajd wd.ka;=lNdjx cdkd;s"

.JFjd wdfrdafÉ;ínxZ hk mdGhg wkqj úkhd,Ùldr- àldfjys

;s%msglOdÍ uqkskaof>daI wdpd¾hhka jykafia zwhx NsCLQkx ioafod"

whx NslaLQys jdÈ;fNaß>KaGd§ys ioafoda" whx NslaLQys

mdð;ilgkdjd§ys ioafoda;s ikaksÜGdfkda cdkkaf;dafhaj 1r;a;sÉfþolfrda fyda;sZ hkqfjka zfuh NslaIqkaf.a Yíohls" fuh

NslaIqka úiska jdokh lrk ,o fnr >KaGdrd§kaf.a Yíohlss" fuh

NslaIqka úiska mojk ,o lr;a;d§kaf.a Yíohla hehs iksgqyka

lrñka ±k.kafkau rd;s%Éfþoh isÿ lrhsZ hehs i|yka fõ'

^jdÈ;fNß>KaGd§ mdG;a mdð;ilgkdjd§ys mdG;a jrojd f.k

NslaIQkag fnr" >KaGdr" ix.S; NdKavdÈh jdokh lsÍug fyda

.eiSug o lr;a; keõ wdÈh meoùug o wjir we;ehs f;areï

fkd.; hq;=h' wdpd¾hhka jykafia wgqjd mdGhg àld lsÍï

jYfhka WodyrK ±lajqjd úkd úkh hqla;s jYfhka fuh

fkdlshk ,afoa hehs úfYaIfhka o; hq;=h'&

by; lS wgqjd" àld mdGj,g wkqj j¾;udkfhys

j;amqrkakdjQ NslaIqka úiska fndfyda lreKq .ek úfYaIfhka

ie,ls,a,la olajñka j;a udk;a msßh hq;=h' fjfyrl j; mqrk

NslaIqjla tu fjfyr wi, we;s wfkla úydria:dkj, NslaIQkaf.a

y`v zYíoúldYk hka;%Z u.ska fyda wihs kï" wdfrdapkh l<

hq;=h' f.ählg fyda .ikakd jQ myrla wid zNslaIqjlaZ h hk

jHjia:dmkh we;s kï" wdfrdapkh l< hq;=h'

ful, kùk ;dCI‚l NdKav nyq,j Ndú; jk ld,hls'

tajd w;r ÿrl;k" .=jkaúÿ,s" rEmjdyskS wdÈh ksid j;a udk;a

mqrk NslaIQkag fkdfhla úg iel iÙld we;s úh yelshs' fun`ÿ

;dCI‚l NdKav .ek ms<smÈkafka flfia±hs lshd wgqjd" àldj,

Rcqj iòykla ke;' tfia jqj;a wgqjd" àldj, tk we;eï lreKq

wkqj ÿrl;khlska jqj;a j;a udk;a mqrk NslaIqjla Wmpdr

31

1' úkhd,xldr-àld" .reldm;a;s jqÜGdk úksÉPh l:d" PÜGix.dhkd


iSudfjka neyer isák" wdfrdapkh fkdl<d jQ NslaIqjla iu`. l:d

lsßfuka" tu NslaIqjg wdfrdapk lD;H isÿ fkdlsßfuka

rd;s%Éfþoh isÿ jk nj meyeÈ,s fõ' tmuKla fkdj iÔùj

.=jkaúÿ,s" rEmjdyskS wdÈfhka NslaIqjlf.a O¾u foaYkhla fyda

O¾uidlÉPdjla" weiSfuka fyda ±lSfuka wdfrdapkh fkdlsßfuka

rd;s%Éfþoh isÿ jk nj o meyeÈ,s fõ' ta flfia o h;a wgqjdfjys

—wd.ka;=l NslaIqjla Wmpdr iSudjg nei uò fõ,djla fyda isg .sh

l,ays j; mqrk NslaIqj wd.ka;=l NslaIqjla meñ‚ nj fkd±k"

miqj okS kï" tu NslaIqj fidhd f.dia fyda wdfrdapkh l< hq;=

nj;a ke;fyd;a rd;s%Éfþoh isÿ jk nj;a mjid we;˜'

;j o —m¾j;" le,E wd§ ÿr ;ekl isá NslaIqjla jqj;a ±l"

zNslaIqjla hZ hk jHjia:dmkh we;s kï" fõ.fhka fyda f.dia

uydYíohla fyda fldg wdfrdapkh isÿ l< hq;= nj;a ke;fyd;a

rd;s%Éfþoh isÿ jk nj;a mjid we;˜' fuu wgqjd mdGfhka lshk

,oafoa WmpdriSudfjka neyer isák NslaIQka ±l zNslaIqjla hZ hk

jHjia:dmkh we;s kï" wdfrdapkh fkdlsßfuka rd;s%Éfþoh isÿ

jk njhs' Wmpdr-iSudjg meñ‚ NslaIqj .ek jHjia:dmkhla

ke;' tys § wd nj ±k isáh;a ke;;a wdfrdapkh fkdlr isàfuka

rd;s%Éfþoh isÿjkq we;' ;j o úkhd,Ùldr-àldfõ tk

—jdÈ;fNaß>xGd§ys" mdð;ilgkdjd§ys˜ mdGj,ska mjd ÿrl;k

u`.ska l:d lrk NslaIQkaf.a;a .=jkaúÿ,s" rEmjdyskS u`.ska iÔù

O¾ufoaYkdjla fyda idlÉPdjla wik NslaIQkaf.a;a rd;s%Éfþoh

isÿjk nj ukdj meyeÈ,s fõ'

fuys§ we;sjk wfkla m%Yakh jkqfha ÿrl;khlska l:d

lsßfuka wdfrdapkh isÿ l< hq;= kï" tu wdfrdapkh

ÿrl;kfhka u isÿ l< yels fkdfõ o hkakhs' we;a;" tu

wdfrdapkh ÿrl;kfhka isÿ l< yels njla o fmfka' tfia jqj;a 1—.rel ,yqflaiq .refla Gd;ínka;s ta;x úkh ,laLkx˜

hkqfjka .re,yq ;ekays" .re;ekays isáh hq;= h hk fuh úkh

,laIKh nj wgqjdweÿrka lshd we;s neúka fuh ;j ÿrg;a úuish

hq;=h' mqrdK wdpd¾hhka jykafia,d úkh l¾uhl iSud iïm;a;s

32



ks¾Kfhys § iÙldfodaI fldamHia:dkfhys,d ie,l+ neúka fuys §

.re ;ekays msysàu jvd;a hq;=h'

tneúka by; lSjd jQ lreKq ;jÿrg;a úuid jvd;a

ie,ls,a,g f.k" .re weje;aj,ska ke.S isàu iòyd j;a udk;a

mqrk neúka tajd iel ixld fkdisák whqßka u isÿlr .; hq;=h'

iel ixld we;sj msßfjia-udk;a msÍfuka ydksh isÿjkafka

;ukag u h' Wv lshk ,oaod jQ lreKq j;a udk;a mqrkq ,nk

w;r;=r NslaIQkag m%dfhda.slj we;súh yels .eg¨ h' tajd lshk

,oafoa ieliÙldjla fkdisák whqßka j;a udk;a mqrd .ekSu iòyd

nj o; hq;=h'wdfrdapkfhys § zidfõ;=xZ hk moh wgqjdfjys lshd we;s

neúka j;a udk;a wdfrdapkh NslaIQkag wefik mßoafoka u l<

hq;=h' hï hï lghq;=j, fh§ isák NslaIqkag" j;a udk;a

wdfrdapkh lsÍfuys § Tjqkag fkdweiqfKa kï fyda w¿hïys

wdfrdapkh lrk úg ie;mS isák úg § fyda fkdwihs kï 1rd;s%Éfþoh isÿ fõ' tneúka fuu lreKq .ek j;a udk;a mqrkq

,nk NslaIQka úiska úfYaI ie,ls,a,la ±laúh hq;= w;r fïjd

olajk ,oafoa wuq;= úkhla biau;= fldg NslaIQkag l=l=ia bmoùu

ms‚i fkdj àldj, i|yka lr we;s neúka uydm%{dj;a

àldpd¾hjreka mjd fïjd olajd we;af;a wgqjdj, wd lreKq

wkqidrfhks' zmlrfKaiq wd.;;a;d ;:d.;kfhda mlrKd.; 2kfhda fyda;sZ hkqfjka zm%lrKhkays wd neúka ;:d.; kh

m%lrKd.; kh fjhsZ hehs úkhd,Ùldr-àldfjys i|yka lr

we;s neúka fïjd Ydia;D woyi u nj o; hq;=h' ;j o lka

fkdwefik NslaIQka flfrys ms<smeÈh hq;af;a flfia±hs wgqjd

àldj, lsisjla lshd fkdue;' wdfrdapkh weiaiùug lshd we;s

neúka yia;úldrdÈhlska fyda f,aLkhlska fyda lSfuys o hqla;shla

fkdfmfka' tneúka tn÷ NslaIQka isák ;ekaj, j;a udk;a msÍu

fkdl< hq;=h' j;a udk;a mqrk NslaIqjla hdug wmyiq jQ

.s,kanjlska fmf<kafka kï Wmimka NslaIqjla ,jd wdfrdapkh 3lrùug o iqÿiq hhs úkh-wgqjdfjys i|yka fõ'

33

1' iu'md 2" 557 msg fya'uq'2' úkhd,xldr àld" .reldm;a;s jqÜGdk úksÉPh l:d" PÜGix.dhkd3' iu'md 4" 864 msg fya'uq'


j;a udk;a mqrk NslaIqjg lskï lreKlska fyda l;dlsÍug

fkdyels jqjfyd;a fuys § o l=ula l< hq;= ± hs wgqjd" àldjkays

Rcqj i|ykla ke;' fm< f;areï .; hq;= jkafka wgqjd" àldj,

lS lreKq wkqjh' fm< wgqjd àldj, i|yka lr ke;a;la mjik

úg th fm<" wgqjd" àldj,g .e<fmk whqßkau l< hq;=h' tfia

jqj;a th w;a;fkdau;shla u h' iuqÉphlaLkaOl-wgqjdfjys

zipiai uqfÄ wmamu;a;flda .Kafvda jd fyda;s" ykqljdf;da jd

úÊc;s" okaf;da jd reÊCO;s" NslaLd jd uoao,oaOd fyda;s" ;dj;flak

mk fkaj j;a;=x k ilaflda;s k .ka;=x" wms p fLda k ilafldaó;s

i[a[sfkda fyda;s whx myQyq;ajd wmamyqi[a[S kdu" bñkd

PdÈ;dms wÉPdÈ;dZ hkqfjka zbÈka weje;lg m;a NslaIqjlf.a

uqLfhys iaj,amud;% jQ f.ähla fyda fjhs o ylareodjla fyda fjhs o

o;la fyda ßfohs o NslaIdj fyda u|j ,enqfKa fjhs o tmuKlska

jkdys lSug fkdyelafla fkdfjhs" hEug fkdyelafla fkdfjhs'

t;l=ÿ jqj;a fkdyelaflñhs hk i[a[dj fjhs' fuh jkdys

yelshdj we;sj fkdyelshZ hk ix{dj kñ' fudyq úiska jeiqfõ

jqj o fkdjikd ,oafoa hehs iaj,amud;% jQ wdndOhla fya;=fjka

wdfrdapkh lsÍug yelshdj we;;a wej; wdfrdapkh fkdlsÍfuka

máÉPkak fkdjk njla o lshd ;sfí'

;j o zifÉ wka;rdm;a;s uQ,dm;a;sf;da w;sf¾l

máÉPkakd fyda;s" ;F: lsx ld;ínka;s jq;af;a uydiqïu;af:afrda

wdy(- zwf;alsÉfPda whx mq.a.f,da" wf;alsÉfPda kdu

wdùldrdfmaFjd úiaiÊfÊ;ífndaZ;s' uydmÿu;af:afrda mkdy(

liaud wf;alsÉfPda kdu@ kkq whx iuqÉphlaLkaOflda kdu

nqoaOdkx À; ld, iÈfida@ wdm;a;s kdu máÉPkakd jd fyda;="

wmáÉPkakd jd fyda;=" iulW!k;rw;sf¾lmáÉPkakd jd'

úkhOriai lïujdpx fhdafþ;=x iuF:NdfjdafhafjF: mudKx'

;iaud hd w;sf¾lmáÉPkakd fyda;s" ;x uQ,dm;a;sx lFjd ;F: 1b;rx ifudaOdh mßjdfida od;ífndaZ hkqfjka zbÈka

wka;rdm;a;sh uQ,dm;a;shg jvd jeämqr ms<sika jQfha fjhs o tys §

34



l=ula l< hq;= ±hs lS l,ays uydiqïu f;reka jykafia zfuu

mqoa.,hd ms<shï rys; jQfjls' mss<shï lg fkdyels nj ie, lrjd

,ÊÔ .Khdf.ka neyer l< hq;= hehs lSjdy' uydmÿu f;reka

jykafia l=ula fyhska ms<shï rys; jQfjla fjys o@ fï

iuqÉphlaLkaOh nqÿrÿka Èjuka l,a n÷ fkdfõ o @ weje;a kï

jeiqfKa fyda fõjd fkdjeiqfKa fyda fõjd iuj - wvqfjka -

jeämqr jeiqfKa fyda fõjd úkhOrhdf.a l¾ujdlH fh§fï

iu¾:Ndjh u fuys m%udKhs' tneúka hï weje;la jeämqr mss<sika

jQfha fjhs o th uq,a weje; fldg tys wksla weje; ^fyda weje;a&

tl;= fldg msßfji Èh hq;=hZ hkqfjka wgqjdfjys uydiqïu"

uydmÿu hk f;reka jykafia,df.a jdofhka uydmÿu f;rekaf.a

woyi ms<sf.k we;' ta wkqj fmf<ys l¾ujdlH lshd fkdue;s

wdm;a;s l%uj,g jqj;a lïjels ilid Èh yels nj wgqjdfjys mjid

we;af;a iEu wdm;a;s l%uhlgu ms<shï lsÍfï we;s yelshdj

mj;sk nj yÕjñks' by; lS wgqjdmdG folg wkqj fmfkkafka

iÕfjfiilg m;a NslaIqjlg thska ke.Sisàug myiqj;a"

yelshdj;a i,iajd we;s njh'

bÈka msßfjia mqrk úg § fyda msßfjila f.k msÍug

u;af;ka fyda l:d lsÍug fkdyels jQ NslaIqjg thska ke`.S isàfï

l%uhla fkdue;s kï tu NslaIqj uydiqïu f;reka jykafia lS

whqßka zwf;alsÉPZ-mqoa.,fhla jkq we;' tfia jqj;a

iuqÉphlaLkaOlfhys msßfjia jikakd;a uQ,dhmáliaikdry

jQjl=;a udk;a;dry jQjl=;a udk;a; pdßlhd;a wíNdkdry jQjl=;a

isjqre yeÍfuka idufKar ùfuka Wu;= ùfuka fõokdfjka

fmf<kafkla ùfuka ̂ Wu;= jQ ;;a;ajh yd fõokd ;;a;ajh úkh

mdrdðld-wgqjdys lS mßÈ o; hq;= h& ;s%úO WlafIamŒh l¾u isÿ

lsÍfuka msßfjia wdÈh rEyKh fkdjk nj mjid we;' tu wjia:d

w;=ßka l:d lsÍug fkdyels jQjl=f.a msßfji rEyKh fkdjk

njla lshd fkdue;s neúka fudyqf.a msßfji rEyKh jk nj


yefÕa' msßfji rEyKh ù mj;S kï WÜGdkhla o Tyqg ;sìh hq;=h'

l:d lsÍug fkdyels jQjyqg Wmiïmodj m%;slafIam lsÍug mjd

fkdyelsh' jd.aNskaokhlska tu Wmiïmodj m%;slafIam lsÍu isÿ 1l< hq;= nj wgqjdfjys olajd ;sfí' tneúka l:dlsÍug yelshdj

ke;;a weje;aj,ska ke.S isàfï yelshdj we;s nj yefÕa' ;j o

pïfmhHlaLkaOlfhys zoafõ fï NslaLfõ" TidrKd wFÓ NslaLfõ

mq.a.f,da wmam;af;da ídrKx ;x fÉ iÙf>da ídf¾;s tlÉfpda

fidaidßf;da tlÉfpda fodaidßf;da '''' uQf>da NslaLfõ" wmam;af;da 2ídrKx ;x fÉ iÙf>da ídf¾;s fidaidßf;daZ hkqfjka

zuyfKks" we;=<;a lsÍï folls' uyfKks" we;=<;a lsÍug iqÿiq jQ

mqoa.,fhla we;' iÙ> f;fï Tyq we;=<;a lrhs kï" lsisfjla

ksjerÈ f,i we;=<;a lrk ,oafoa fjhs' lsisfjla jerÈ f,i

we;=<;a lrk ,oafoa fjhs' ''''' uyfKks" f.d¿ jQfha we;=<;a

^Wmimka& lsÍug kqiqÿiq h' bÈka iÙ>hd Tyq ^Wmimka jYfhka&

we;=<;a lrkafka kï ksjerÈ f,i we;=<;a lrk ,oafoa fjhs'Z

hkqfjka i|yka fjhs' pïfmhHlaLkaOl wgqjdfjys ziÙf>da

ídf¾;S;s Wmiïmodlïu jfiak mfõfia;sZ hehs ziÙf>da

ídf¾;sZ hkq zWmiïmod l¾u jYfhka we;=<;a lrhsZ hkqfjka

mjid tysu zyF:Éýkakdofhda mk oaj;a;sxi ́ idß;d WmiïmdÈ;d

Wmiïmkakdj fydka;sZ hehs zw;a is÷Kq wd§ka ;siafofok

ídrKh lrk ,oafoa" Wmiïmod lrk ,oafoa Wmiïmkakfhda u

fj;aZ hkqfjka lshk ,oafoa h' fuys we;s zyF:ÉýkakdofhdZ hk

mofhys wdÈ mofhka f.d¿ wd§ka .;a nj o; hq;=h' l:d lsÍug

fkdyels jQfjla Wmiïmod lsÍfuka Tyqg Wmiïmodj msysgk

kuqÿ ldrl iÙ>hdg ÿl=<d weje;la isÿ jk nj;a tysu 3i|yka fõ' l:dlsÍug fkdyels jQ NslaIqjlg jqj;a YslaIdmo

ù;sl%uKfhka wdm;a;s isÿ fõ' zwdKdù;slalu wka;rdhslNdfõk 4i.a.fudlaLu.a.x fid afO;=x wilafld a;sZ hkqfjka

zwdKdù;sl%uKh fya;=fjka iaj¾.fudalaI ud¾.h fidaOkh

lsÍug fkdyels fõZ hehs lshk ,o neúka ÿl=,d weje;la n÷ jQ

36

1' iu'md 1" 177 msg fya'uq'2' uydj.a.md,s 2" pïfmhHlaLkaOl" nq'c';s%' 782 msg3' iu'md 3" 851 msg fya'uq' 4' úkhd,xldr-àld" .reldm;a;s jqÜGdk úksÉPh l:d" PÜGix.dhkd


l=vd weje;lg jqj;a iyuq,ska u fkdmeñK jdih lsÍug

mD:.ack NslaIqjlg wmyiq h' tneúka l:d lsÍug fkdyels jQ

NslaIqjla meñ‚hd jQ f,dl= l=vd weje;aj,ska ke.S isàug

yelshdjla ke;s kï Tyq wdKdù;slaluk fya;=fjka

ksrdhdifhka u wmd.dó jkq we;' wdKdù;sl%uKh iaj¾.-fudaCI

folg wka;rdhlr neúka weje;ska ke.S isàfï yelshdjla

fkdue;s kï l:d l< fkdyels jQjkag Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia

Wmiïmodj fkdwkqokakdy' Wmiïmodj msysgk nj foaYkd fldg

we;s neúka weje;aj,ska ke.S isàfï ilH;dj we;s nj;a

meyeÈ,s fõ' tneúka l:dlsÍug yelshdj ;sî miqj fkdyels jQ

msßfjia-udk;a .ekSug we;s NslaIqjl jqj o msßfjia wdÈh f.k

l:d lsÍug fkdyels jQ NslaIQkag o msßfjia mqrk w;r;=r l:d

lsÍug fkdyels jQ NslaIQkag o msßfjia-udk;a mqrd wíNdyk l¾u

fldg weje;aj,ska ke.Sisàfï yelshdj we;s nj meyeÈ,s fõ'

th l< hq;= wdldrh fufia h' z¥f; akm s wdfrd afÉ; =x 1jÜg;sZ hehs lS neúka Wmiïmkak NslaIqjla ,jd wdfrdapkh

lrjd.; hq;=h' tu NslaIqjg th lSu yia;úldr" uqLúldr"

f,aLkmkakdÈhlska fyda ±kaùu iqÿiq nj úkh md,sfhys zldfhak 2ú[a[dfma;s Èkafkda fyda;s Pkafoda '''' Èkafkda fyda;s mdßiqoaêZ 3hkqfjka o zldfhak ú[a[dfma;s '''' .ysf;da fyda;s WmÊCOdfhdaZ

hkqfjka Pkaomdßiqoaêh §fuys § lhska yeÕùfuka o isoaêhg

m;a fõ' WmdOHdh .%yKh o tfiau isÿ fõ' tneúka yia;úldr"

uqLúldrdÈhlska ¥;hdg ie, lsÍu iqÿiq h' msßfjia udk;a iudoka

ùu o ¥;hd ,jd isÿ lsÍu z¥f;akms wdfrdafÉ;=x jÜg;sZ hk mdGhg

wkqf,daï fõ' msßfji msrE l:d lsÍug fkdyels jQ NslaIqjf.a

udk; .ekSfu § hdpkh ¥;hl= ,jd isÿ lr .; hq;=h' zf;k ys

NslaLfõ" ixf>da iqOïuiai NslaLqfkda wkq¥;x foa;= Ñ;a;x .ym;sx 4Ludfma;=xZ hehs máidrŒh l¾ufhys § Ñ;a; .Dym;s;=udg lud

lsÍug iqOïu NslaIqjg wkq¥;hl= §ug Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia wkq±k

37

1' pq,a,j.a.md,s 1" mdßjdisllaLkaOlh2' uydj.a.md,s 1" Wfmdi:laLkaOlh3' uydj.a.md,s 1" uydLkaOlh4' pq,a,j.a.md,s 1" lïulaLkaOlh" nq'c';s%' 80 msg


we;' tneúka hdpkh isÿ lrk NslaIqj wmf,dalk l¾ufhka tu

NslaIqj kñka b,ajk hdplhl= fldg iïu; lr b,aùu isÿ fldg

wod< NslaIqj w;amfiys ;nd f.k Tyqf.a ku f.k udk; §u isÿ

l< hq;=h' wíNdykh o fuf,iu isÿ l< hq;=h' l:d lsÍug

fkdyels jQ;a iÕfjia weje;a we;s iqoaêh wfmalaId lrk

NslaIQkag o mßjdi odkh fuf,iu isÿ l< hq;=h'

zhx NslaLfõ" uhd box k lmam;S;s wmálaÅ;a;x ;x fÉ

lmamshx wkqf,dafï;s wlmamshx máNdy;s ;x fjda lmam;S;sZ

ûyfKks" ud úiska hula fuh fkdlem hhs fkdmss<sflõ lrk

,oafoa o th bÈka lemhg wkqf,dï fõo wlemh j<ld o th

f;dmg lemh'&

zhx NslaLfõ" uhd box lmam;S;s wkkq[a[d;x ;x fÉ 1lmamshx wkqf,dafï;s" wlmamshx máNdy;s ;x fjda lmam;S;sZ

ûyfKks" ud úiska hula fuh lem hehs fkdwkqolakd ,oafoa o

th bÈka lemhg wkqf,dau fõ o fkdlemh j<ld o th f;dmg

lem fõ& fuf,i uydmfoaYhkays o i|yka fõ'

by; lSjd jQ" l:dlsÍug fkdyels jQ Wmimka-NslaIQka j;a

udk;a msÍfuys § wkq.ukh l< hq;= l%ufõoh iq;a; ^úkhfm<&"

iq;a;dkqf,dau ûydmfoai&" wdpßhjdo ^wgqjd&" w;a;fkdau;Skag

^àldjkag& .e<fmkafka jqj o Rcqj u fm<" wgqjd" àldjkays mdG

jYfhka i|yka lr fkdue;s neúka tu lreKq ish,a, ;j ÿrg;a

fm<" wgqjd" àld yd .<md n,d .; hq;=h'

38

1' uydj.a.md,s 2" fNaiÊclaLkaOlh" nq'c';s%' 624 msg


udk; mqrk NslaIqjf.a rd;S%Éfþo

Wmd,s uyry;ka jykafia nqÿrcdKka jykafia fj; t<U

—l;skqfLda Nkaf;a udk;a; pdßliai NslaLqfkda r;a;sÉfþod˜

hkqfjka iajdókS" udk;a mqrkakyqg rd;S%Éfþo flf;la o@ hhs

úpdf<ah' —p;a;dfrda fLda Wmd,s udk;a; pdßliai NslaLqfkda

r;a;sÉfþod iyjdfida" úmamjdfida" wkdfrdapkd" W!k.fKa

prkka;s˜ hkqfjka zWmd,sfhks" iyjdih" úmamjdih"

wkdfrdapkh W!k.fKa prK fodaIh hehs udk; mqrk NslaIqjg 1rd;S%Éfþo i;frlsZ hs Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jod< fial'

fuys§ msßfjia mqrk NslaIqjg jvd udk;a mqrk NslaIqjg

jeäjkqfha tla rd;S%Éfþohls' tkï W!k.fKa prK fodaIhhs'

wfkla rd;S%Éfþo ;=k u msßfjia mqrk NslaIqjg lshk ,oaodjQ

rd;S%Éfþofhda u h' tajdfha úfYaIhla fkdue;' wdfrdapkfhys §

—foajislx wdfrdafp;ínx˜ hkak muKla úfYaI fõ'

W!k.K prKh—W!fka .fKa;s tF: .fKda;s p;a;dfrdajd w;sf¾ld jd"

2;iaud ifÉms ;fhda NslaLqys ioaêx ji;s r;a;sÉfþfoda fyda;s taj˜

hehs zW!fka .fKaZ hk fuys z.fKaZ hkq isõ kula fyda Bg jvd

jeämqrh' bÈka NslaIQka ;=ka kula iu. jihs kï" rd;S%sÉfþoh

isÿfõuh hkqfjka wgqjdfjys iòyka fõ' tneúka tla NslaIqjla

fyda fo;=ka kula fyda isákq ,nk ;ekaj, udk;a msßfuka zW!fka

.fKa prKZ fodaIfhka rd;S%sÉfþoh isÿfõ' ;j o udk;a; pdßl

NslaIqjla iNslaLql ^NslaIQka iys;&-wdjdihlska wNslaLql ^NslaIQka

ke;s&-wdjdihlg fyda wkdjdihlg o iNslaLql-wkdjdihlska

wNslaLql wdjdihlg fyda wkdjdihlg wk;=rla fkdue;sj

iÙ>hd fkdue;sj fkdhd hq;=h' tfia hEfuka rd;S%sÉfþoh;a 3j;a;fNao ÿl=,dj;a isÿfõ' wk;=rla we;s l,ays iÙ>hd fkdue;sj

wNslaLql-wdjdi fyda wkdjdi hkdÈhlg hEfuka j;a;fNao

39

1' pq,a,j.a.md,s 1" mdßjdisllaLkaOlh" nq'c';s%' 188 msg2' iu'md 4" 867 msg fya'uq' 3' pq,a,j.a.md,s 1" mdßjdisllaLkaOlh" nq'c';s%' 184 msg


ÿl=,dj isÿfkdù rd;S%Éfþoh muKla isÿ fõ' wk;=rla ke;af;a

jqj o fjk;a NslaIQka isjq kula fyda Bg jvd jeä .Kkla fyda

isákq ,nk fjfyrlg udk;a; pdßl NslaIqj wd.ka;=l NslaIqjla

f,i hEfuka fodaIhla fkdjk nj —udk;a; pdßflak NslaLfõ 1NslaLqkd wd.ka;=flak wdfrdafÉ;ínx˜ hk foaYkd md,sfhka

m%lg fõ'

udk;a; pdßl NslaIqjla ;ud miajeks ù m%lD;s NslaIQka

isjqkula we;sj hï lsis fjfyrl j; mqrkq ,nk l,ays m%lD;s

NslaIQka isjq ku w;=frka tla kula fyda .sys ùfuka" idufKar

ùfuka" WlaÅ;a;ldÈ ;;ajhg m;a ùfuka jqj o W!k.fKa prK

fodaIfhka rd;S%Éfþoh isÿ jk neúka tu fjfyfrys fkdjid

iÙ>hd we;s fjk;a fjfyrlg hd hq;=h' tfiau m<uq ojfia

udk; iudoka ù wdfrdapkh fldg fojk ojfia wdfrdapkhg

fmr idufKar wdÈ ;;ajhg fmr<Sfuka uq, isgu udk; msßh

hq;=h' wdfrdapkfhka miqj idufKar wdÈ ;;ajhlg fmr¨fka

kï" fjk;a fjfyrlg f.dia wfkla Èk .Kk msßh hq;=h'

udk;a mqrk NslaIQkag ;u ;udf.a kjl;rhd yer ̂ udk;a

m qrk nd, Nsl aI qjla & wfkla i sh¨ u mdßjdi sl

uQ,dhmáliaikdyrdÈ ishü NslaIQka m%lD;s NslaIQyq fj;a' msßfjia 2mqrk" uQ,dhmáliaikdryd§kag o tf,i u h' ta ta j;a mqrk

NslaIQkag ;u ;udf.a iudk j;a mqrk NslaIQkaf.a j;a ms<sfj;a

bjiSug mq¿jk' úiNd.-j;a mqrk NslaIQkaf.a j;ams<sfj;a bjiSug

mq¿jka lula ke;' udk;a mqrk NslaIqjg msßfjia mqrk NslaIqj;a

msßfjia mqrk NslaIqjg udk;a mqrk NslaIqj;a m%lD;s jk neúka

msßfjia mqrk isjq kula iu`. fyda msßfjia mqrk tl kula fyda

isjqjeks fldg udk;a msßfuka fodaIhla fkdjk njla fmfka'

—mdßjdisl p;=;af:da fp NslaLfõ mßjdix ofohH" uQ,dh

máliafihH" udk;a;x ofoohH" ;íîfida wífNhH" wlïux k p

lrŒhx˜ hk foaYkd md,sfhkaa jqj o msßfjia" udk;a fokq ,nk

úkhl¾u iòyd .K mQrKh fkdl< hq;= nj lshd we;' tfia jqj;a

40

1' pq,a,j.a.md,s 1" mdßjdisllaLkaOlh" nq'c';s%' 184 msg2' iu'md 4" 866 - 67 msg fya'uq'


.re ;kays msysgd msßfjia mqrkq ,nk NslaIQka isjq kula <`. fyda

msßfjia mqrk tla NslaIqjla .K mQrKh fldg fyda fkdlsÍu jvd;a

hq;=h'

udk; iudoka ùu —udk;a;x iudÈhdñ j;a;x iudÈhdñ˜

hkqfjka o ksfCImh —udk;a;x ksCÅmdñ j;a;x ksCÅmdñ˜

hkqfjka o tla NslaIqjlf.a iómfha jqj o isÿl< yel' udk;

iudoka ùu iÙ>hdf.a iómfhysu isÿl< hq;= njla lshd fkdue;'

mdßjdisllaLkaOlfhys o —tjxp mk NslaLfõ iudod;ínx' f;ak

udk;a;pdßflak NslaLqkd talx NslaLqx Wmixlñ;ajd talxix

W;a;rdix.x lß;ajd Wlal=álx ksiSÈ;ajd wCoac,sx m.a.fy;ajd

tajuiai jpkSfhda" udk;a;x iudÈhdó;s iudÈkakx fyda;s 1udk;a;x' j;a;x iudÈhdñ;s iudÈkakx fyda;s udk;a;x'˜

hkqfjka tla NslaIqjla fj; t<U iudoka jk wdldrh lshd we;'

jÔrnqoaê àldfjys o —mGux wdÈkak j;a;x taliai ika;sfla h:d 2kslaÅms;=x jÜg;S' ;:d iud§;=ïms jÜg;S;s fmdardK .KaÀmfoa˜

hkqfjka m<uqj j; ûdk;& .kakd ,o neúka" hïfia tla

NslaIqjlf.a iómfha kslafIam lsßug iqÿiq o tf,i iudoka ùug o

iqÿiq hehs mqrdK .KaÀmofhys iòyka jk nj lshd we;' tneúka

udk; tla NslaIqjlf.a iómfha jqj o iudoka ùug yelshdj we;s

nj o; hq;=h'

udk; wdfrdapkh o m<uqj iÙ>hdg u isÿl< hq;=h lshd

kshuhla fkdue;' m%lD;s NslaIQka isjq kula isák úydrhl udk;

mqrK NslaIqj j; iudoka ù tla tla NslaIqjla fj; fjk fjku

wdfrdapkh isÿlsÍfuka isjqfokdg u wdfrdapklD;Hh isÿ lrhs

kï" th iÙ>hdg wdfrdapkh l<d n`ÿ u h' wdfrdapkh ukdj

isoaO fõ' NslaIQka isjq kula ;ndf.k iÙ>moh mrdu¾YKh

lrñka udk; mqrk Èk yfha u m<uqj iÙ>hdg wdfrdapk isÿ l<

hq;= kï" wgqjdfjys kslaÅ;a; l%uhg úydr Wmpdrfhka neyer

udk; mqrk NslaIqj" wreK kxjd WoEik úydrhg tk úg —hx 3mGux miai;s ;iai wdfrdafp;ajd kslaÅms;ínx˜ hkqfjka hï

41

1' pq,a,j.a.md,s 1" mdßjdisllaLkaOlh" nq'c';s%' 188 msg2' jðrnqoaê-àld" mdßjdisllaLkaOlh" PÜGix.dhkd"3' iu'md" 4" 868 msg fya'uq'


NslaIqjla m<uqj olS o Tyqg wdfrdapkh fldg kslafIam l< hq;=

hehs lshkq fkd,efí' tf,i lshd we;s neúka fjk fjk u

wdfrdapkh lsßfuka jqj o udk;a;dfrdapkh ukdj isoaO jk nj

o; hq;=h'


zfoajislx wdfrdafÉ;ínxZ hkak

hïlsis fjfyrl msßfjia mqrk NslaIqjla j; iudoka ù tla

jrla wdfrdapkh lsÍfuka kej; tu fjfyfrys isák wfkla

NslaIQkag wdfrdapkh isÿl< hq;= njla fkdue;' wd.ka;=ld§kag

muKla wdfrdapkh isÿl< hq;=h' udk; iudoka jk NslaIqjg 1—foajislx wdfrdafp;ínx˜ hkqfjka lshd we;s neúka Èk yfhau

wdfrdapklD;Hh isÿl< hq;=h' tfia fkdue;s kï" rd;S%Éfþoh

isÿ fõ'fjfyfrys udk; mqrk NslaIqj toji Wmpdr iSudj ;=<

isák ish¨ u NslaIQkag j; wdfrdapkh l< hq;=h' udk; iudoka

jk Èkfha wdfrdapkh isÿ fldg wreK kxjd j; kslafIam

lrkafka kï" wdfrdapk lD;Hh isÿ fldg u j; kslafIam l<

hq;=h' wdfrdapk lD;Hh isÿ fkdfldg j; kslafIam lsÍfuka

wreK ke`.s wNskj Èkhlg meñ‚ neúka toji Wmpdr iSudj ;=<

isák ish¨ u NslaIQkag isÿ l< hq;= wdfrdapk lD;Hh b;sßj ;sfí'

tu NslaIqka w;=frka tl kula fyda toji fkdtkq ms‚i

fjfyfrka kslaó .shfyd;a udk; mqrk NslaIqj tojig wod<

wdfrdapk lD;Hh fkdtkq woyiska neyer .sh NslaIqjg isÿ

fkdl< neúka rd;S%Éfþoh isÿjk nj o; hq;=h' úkhd,Ùldr-

àldfjys fulreK wjOdrKfhka hq;=j lshd we;' tkï —udk;a;

prK ldf,a mk iudodkfha wdfrdÑf;ams kslaÅmfka wjiaix

wdfrdafÉ ;ínfïj' liud@ Èjika;rNdjf;da' foajislx

wdfrdafÉ;ínka;s ys jq;a;x' tajx ikaf;ams idhx iudodk ldf,a

wdfrdafpiai;s" ;iaud kslaÅmfka wdfrdapklsÉpx k;aÒ;s fÉ@ k"

idhx iudodk ldf,a taf;a NslaLQ wd.Éýiaika;sms" k

wd.Éýiaika;sms" wkd.;dkx l:x wdfrdafÉ;=x ,Nsiai;s" 2wkdfrdapfka p i;s r;a;sÉfþfoda ishd˜ hkqfjks' kej; toji

meñfKa kï" fyda fjfyfrka neyer fkdhhs kï tn÷

wjia:djkayS§ ijia Nd.fhys iudoka ù wdfrdapkh isÿ lrk

neúka rd;%SÉfþoh isÿ fkdfõ'

43

1' pq,a,j.a.md,s 1" mdßjdisllaLkaOlh" nq'c';s%' 184 msg2' úkhd,xldr-àld" .reldm;a;s jqÜGdk úksÉPh l:d" PÜGix.dhkd


kdu iïuq;súkhl¾u isÿ lsÍfuys § úfYaIfhka ie,lsh hq;= ;j;a

lreKla jkafka kdu-iïuq;sh §u hs' fuh úfYaIfhka WmiïmÞ

úkhl¾ufhys § isÿ lrKq ,nkakls' msßmqka úisjia we;s

idufKarhl= WmiïmÞ lrKq ,nk úg WmiïmÞ l¾ujdlHh

lSug fmr Tyqg kduiïuq;shla fokq we;' tkï" zkd.Z kñka Tnj

y÷kajkq we;eZhs l,a we;s ju Tyqg;a iÙ>hdg;a okajd

l¾ujdlHfha § zwhx kdf.daZ hkdÈ l%ufhka kd.moh we;=<;a

fldg wkqY%djKh lsÍu hs' fufia kduiïuq;shla Èh hq;af;a Tyqg

wÞ<j mj;sk iajlSh kduh fkdue;sj fjk;a kduhla .kq ,nk

úg §h' iajlSh kduh fkdue;sj kdu-iïuq;shla o fkdue;sj

zwhx kdf.daZ hkdÈ l%ufhka kd.moh we;=<;a fldg wkqY%djKh

lsÍfuka l¾uh wisoaêhg m;a jkq we;' tf,i wisoaêhg m;a

jkqfha .;a;d jQ kduhg jia;=N+; jQ mqoa.,hdf.a isàu tys ke;s

neúks' tla WmiïmÞfmaCIlhl=g" kï fndfyduhla we;s úg ta

w;=frka tla kula muKla f.k wkqY%djKdÈh isÿ l< yelsh'

by; i|yka lreKq iïnkaOj úu;súfkdaokS-àldfjys fuf,i

i|yka fõ'

zWmiïmÞfmCLiai mk h:d ilx kdux úkd w[af[ak

kdfïk wkqidúf;a lïux l=mam;s" fida wkqmiïmkafkdaZj fyda;s'

;F: Àf;da w[af[da wkqmiïmkafkda úh .ys;kduiai

jF:qmq.a.iai ;F: wNdjd" ta;iai p kduiai wkqiaidjkdh

wjq;a;;a;d' ;iaud WmiïmÞfmCLiai ml;skdux mßj;af;;ajd

wk qm qífík kd.dÈ kdfïk wk qi ai dfõ; =ldfïk

má.ÉfÉ zFjx kdf.daZ;s wdÈkd ú[aØfmFjd

wkqidikwka;rdhslOïumqÉPklaLfKaiqms ;iai p iÙ>iai p

h:d mdlgx fyda;s" ;:d mldfiFjdZj kd.dÈkdfïk

wkqiaidfõ;ínx' taliai nyQks kdudks fydka;s" f;iq tlx 1.fya;=x jÜg;s'Z hkqfjks' úkhd,Ùldr-àldfõ WmiïmÞ-

úksYapfhys o fuh i|yka fõ'

44

1' úu;súfkdokS-àld" uydLkaOljKaKkd" .ñldÈksiaihjF:ql:djKaKkd" PÜGiÙ.dhkd


tfiau uq, § hï kdu-iïuq;shla isÿ fldg miqj tu kduh

mrdu¾Ykh lrñka [;a;sh ;nhs kï" thu wkqY%djKfhys § o

.; hq;=h' [;a;sfhys § .;a kduh wkqY%djKfhys § fkdf.k

fjk;a kduhlska wkqY%djKh lsÍfuka nH[ackh Nskak jk

neúka l¾uh isoaêhg m;a fkdfõ' w¾: jYfhkq;a nH[ack

jYfhkq;a fkdìf|k f,i [;a;sh ;nkafka hï fia o tf,iu

wkqY%djKh o ;eìh hq;=h' fulreK o úu;súfkdaokS-àldfjys

fuf,i olajd we;'

zhx mk WmiïmÞfmCLWmÊCOdhdkx talF: .ys;kdux"

;foaj [;a;shd" iínF: wkqiaidjkdiq p .fya;ínx' .ysf;da ys

w[a[iañx .ysf;a nH[ackx Nskakx kdu fyda;s" lïux úmÊc;s'

wF:f;da ys nH[ackf;da p wNskakd taj [;a;s" wkqiaidjkd p 1jÜgka;s'Z hkqfjks'

WmiïmÞfjys § isÿ lrkq ,nk kdu-iïuq;shla j;a udk;a

l:djg wE|d .;af;a hï NslaIqjlg msßfjila fyda udk;la fyda

uQ,dh máliaikhla fyda wíNdkhla fyda isÿ lrkq ,nk úg § ;a

by; lS mßÈ Tyqf.a iajlSh kduh f.k j;a udk;a §ï wdÈh isÿ

l< hq;= nj ±laùugh' mj;sk ku l¾ujdlHhg we;=<;a fldg

lSug wmyiq tlla kï" lSug myiq fjk;a kduhla f.k

l¾ujdlHh lsj hq;=h' fjk;a kduhla .ekSfuys § tu kdufhka

Tyq y÷kajk nj uq, §u iïu; lr .; hq;=h' tu kdu-iïuq;sh

j;a udk;a §fuys § wmf,dalkl¾uhlska lsÍu jvd;a iqÿiqh' w¾:

jYfhkaj;a nH[ack jYfhkaj;a fjkia fkdfldg l¾ujdlHh

lsj hq;= w;r fuu j;a udk;a §ï wdÈ jQ l¾ujdlH kuq;a w¾:

jYfhka fyda nH[ack jYfhka fjkia fldg lSfuys § wisoaêhg

m;a jk nj ukdj ±k isáh hq;=h'

45

1' úu;súfkdokS-àld" uydLkaOljKaKkd" .ñldÈksiaihjF:ql:djKaKkd" PÜGiÙ.dhkd


jeo.;a lreKla

ful, we;eï NslaIqkg ;uka msrejd jQ msßfjia udk;a

wdÈh .ek fndfyda .eg¨ we;' we;eï NslaIqka msßfjia udk;a mqrd

wíNdk l¾u isÿ fldg wyjr ù l,la .; jQ miq ;uka msrejd jQ

msßfjia wdÈh wisoaO hehs ±k .ks' túg fndfyda l,la .; ùfuka

tu NslaIQkag uq,ska .;a msßfjia j, Èk .Kk o msßfji lskï

msßfjila o hkak mjd wu;l fõ' we;eï NslaIQka msßfjfia§

wka;rdm;a;shg meñK ,Êcdfjka uQ,dhmáliaikdÈh isÿ

fkdfldg udk;a mqrd wíNdkdÈh;a isÿ fldg l,la .; ù miqj

,ÊÔ O¾ufha msysgd ms<shï lr.ekSug hEfuka wka;rdm;a;sh

ms<sika jQfha o fkdjQfha o lshd fyda wka;rdm;a;shg m;a jQfha

msßfjfia§ o udkf;ys§ o lshd fyda wu;l ùfuka msßfjia udk;a

.ek meg,s,s iy.; ;;ajhla we;sfjhs' tajd .ek we;euqkaf.ka

úpdrK ,nkq úg fmf,a tn`ÿ isÿùï j,g l¾u jdlH lshd

fkdue;' tneúka ms<shï lsÍug fkdmq¿jk hehs mejiSfuka tu

NslaIQka l,n, ù wkqmiïmkak wdÈ ;;ajhkag mjd fmr<Sug

mq¿jk' tneúka tn`ÿ meg¿ï iy.; jQ j;a udk;a we;s NslaIQka

blauka fkdù úkhOr NslaIQka lrd f.dia ish¨ m%jD;a;sh mjid

ksjerÈj l¾u jdlH ilia fldg msßfjia" udk;a f.k tajd mqrd

wíNdk l¾u fldg iqoaêfha msysáh hq;=h' fmf,a tn`ÿ wdm;a;s l%u

j,g l¾u jdlH ke;;a l¾u jdlH ilid msßfjia udk;a §ï wdÈh

isÿ lsÍfuka weje;a j,ska ke.S isàu isÿjk nj iuqÉphlaLkaOl-

wgqjdfjys tk —wdmF;s kdu mápPkakd jd fyda;=" wmápPkakd

jd fyda;=" iulW!k;rw;sf¾lmápPkakd jd' úkhOriai

lïujdpx fhdafÊ;=x iuF:NdfjdafhafjF: mudKx' ;iaud hd

w;sf¾lmáÉPkakd fyda;s" ;x uQ,dm;a;sx lFjd ;F: b;rx

ifudaOdh mßjdfida od;ífnda˜ hk mdGfhka th ukdj

meyeÈ,s fõ'


fuf;lska olajk ,oafoa msßfjia udk;a msÍfï§ o; hq;=

lreKq ms<sn| úia;r újrKhls' fuu úkh .%ka:fhka msßfjia"

udk;a .ek fndfyda lreKq o; yelsh' fuys fkdjegfykakd jQ

lreKq o ;sìh yelsh' È.ska È.g isÿ lr f.k wdjd jQ l%uhg

fjkia whqßka lSjd jQ lreKq o ;sìh yelsh' fuys we;s iEu

lreKla u mdfya fm<- wgqjd-àldj, we;s lreKq nj uq, § u wms

iòyka lf<uq' we;eï lreKq fm<-wgqjd-àldj, we;s lreKq

wkqidrfhka olajd we;s tajd h' wgqjd-àldj, iòykaj we;s lreKq

.ek lsh hq;a;la fkdue;' tajd lshk ,oafoa wm jeks uò kqjK

we;a;ka fkdj f;j<d oyfuys yi, ±kSula we;s uy W;=uka

úisks' wgqjd" àld .%ka:dkqidrfhka lshk ,o lreKq wod< LkaOl

iy tu wgqjd" àld fyd`Èka úuis,su;aj lshjd n,d fkd.e<fmk

fohla wef;d;a neyer l< hq;=h' fuhska ljfrl=g kuq;a msßfjia"

udk;a .ek ±kqula ,nd .ekSug fyda msßisÿj j;a" udk;a mqrd

Y=oaêfhys msysàug fyda Wmldrhla jQfha kï" thska u wmf.a woyi

imsfrkq we;'


p;=¾úO l¾u

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska úkh md<sfhys mkjk ,o

p;=¾úO úkh l¾u ú.%y lsÍfï§ tajd wêlrK hgf;a úuid

nef,a' NslaIQ úkfhys jQ l,s iu:hkaf.ka úi¢h hq;= fyj;a ixis|úh hq;= hula fõ o th wêlrK hehs lshkq ,efí'

iïuqLdúkh" i;súhk" wuQ<ayúkh" má[a[d;lrK"

fhN+hHisld" ;iaimdmshHisld" ;sKj;a:drl hkqfjka iu:hka

ima;úO fõ'

tlS iu:hkaf.ka ixis|úh hq;= hkd¾:fhys tk fuu

wêlrK isõjeoEreï fõ'

tkï( -

1& újdÞêlrK

2& wkqjdodêlrK

3& wdm;a;dêlrK

4& lsÉpdêlrK

hkqfjks'

^1& újdÞêlrK

lsishï lreKla uq,alrf.k NslaIQka w;r we;sjk hï

l,yhla" újdohla" wr.,hla fõ o th újdodêlrKhhs' fuf,i

l,y" újdo" wr., yg.kafka zOïu - wOïu" úkh - wúkh"

;:d.; Ndis; - ;:d.; wNdis;" ;:d.; wdÑKaK ^mqreÿ l<& -

;:d.; wkdÑKaK ^mqreÿ fkdl<&" ;:d.; m[a[;a;s - ;:d.;

wm[a[;a;s" wdm;a;s - wkdm;a;s" ,yqldm;a;s - .reldm;a;s"

idjfiaidm;a;s - wkjfiaidm;a;s" ÿÜGq,a,dm;a;s - wÿÜGq,a,dm;a;sZ

jYfhka ±lafjk lreKq 18 wrNhd h' fulS lreKq oywgg

wgf,dia fNaolr jia;= hhs jHjydr flf¾' wgf,dia fNaolr jia;=

1

2

48

1' iuf:ys wêlrŒh;dh wêlrKx" iu'md" iu:laLkaOl" 885 msg fya'uq'2' pq,a,j.a.md,s 1" nq'c';s%' 376 msg

w;=ßka tlla fyda lsysmhla fyda ksid yg.;a újdodêlrKh

ixis÷ùu iïuqLdúkh fhN+hHisldj hk iu: folska isÿ flf¾'

^2& wkqjdodêlrK

NslaIqjlg hï úm;a;shla ^weje;la& iïnkaOj ;j;a

NslaIqjla fpdaokdjla" mqkmqkd fodia ke.Sula" wjk; lsÍula

isÿflf¾ o th wkqjdodêlrKhhs' fuf,i wkqjdodêlrKhg

fya;=jk úm;a;s i;rls'

tajd kï (-

1' iS, úm;a;s

2' wdpdr úm;a;s

3' ÈÜÀ úm;a;s 4' wdÔj úm;a;s

hkqfjks'

fulS iS,úm;a;s wd§ úm;a;s w;=ßka hï úm;a;shlska

NslaIqjla ;j;a NslaIqjlg lrk fpdaokdj fyj;a wkqjdodêlrKh

ixis÷ùu iïuqLdúkh" i;súkh" wuQ<ayúkh" ;iaimdmshHisld

hk iu: i;frka isÿ flf¾'

^3& wdm;a;dêlrK

NslaIqjla wdm;a;sialkaO mi fyda i; w;=ßka hï

wdm;a;sialkaOhlg wh;a wdm;a;shlg meñŒu wdm;a;dêlrK kï fõ' miaúO jQ wdm;a;sialkaO kï mdrdðld" ix>dÈfiai"

mdÑ;a;sh" mdáfoaikSh" ÿlalg jk w;r i;aúO jQ wdm;a;sialkaO

kï mdrdðld" ix>dÈfiai" :q,a,Éph" mdÑ;a;sh" mdáfoaikSh"

ÿlalg" ÿíNdis; kñ' fulS hï wdm;a;sialkaOhlg wh;a

weje;lg meñŒu fyj;a wdm;a;dêlrKh ixis|ùu

iïuqLdúkh" má[a[d;lrK" ;sKj;a:drl hk iu: ;=fkka isÿ

flf¾'

1

2

49

1' pq'j'md' 1" iu:laLkaO" 376 msg2' pq'j'md' 1" iu:laLkaO" 378 msg


^4& lsÉpdêlrK

ix>hdf.a l< hq;= hï ld¾hhla fyj;a l¾uhla

^lïu& fõ o th zlsÉpdêlrKhZhs' ix>hdg wh;a ix>hd úiska

l< hq;= tn÷ ld¾h i;rls' tkï (-

1' wmf,dalk lïu

2' [;a;s lïu

3' [;a;sÿ;sh lïu 4' [;a;sp;=;a: lïu

jYfhks'

by; ±lajQ ix>hd úiska l< hq;= wmf,dalkd§ p;=¾úO

l¾u w;=ßka hï l¾uhla isÿlsÍug bÈßm;a ùu fyj;a

lsÉpdêlrKh ixis÷ùu" iïuqLdúkh kue;s iu:fhka isÿ

flf¾' by; ±lajQ újdodêlrK wd§ i;r" wêlrK kdufhka

úkfhys olajd ;snqK o tajd imqrd wl=i, hehs bka .uH fkdfõ'

we;eï wêlrK we;eï wjia:dj, l=i, md¾Yajfhys meje;Su óg

fya;=jhs' ta wkqj újdodêlrK" wkqjdodêlrK" lsÉpdêlrK hk

;=k ia:dfkdaÑ;j l=i, fyda wl=i, fyda wjHdl; fyda úh

yelsh' wdm;a;dêlrK lsis úfgl;a l=i, fkdjk w;r th

wl=i, fyda wjHdl; fõ'

1' wmf,dalk lïu (- lsÉpdêlrKfhys tk wmf,dalk hkq reÑh

fyj;a leue;a; úpdÍuhs' iSuia:l ix>hd w;amig le|jd fyda

.KmQrl NslaIQka ;nd fiiq NslaIQka reÑ mßÈ iSudfjka neyer

fldg ^fidaOkh fldg& fyda Pkaohg iqÿiq jQjkaf.a Pkaoh

f.kjq;a iu.s ix>hdf.a wkque;sh msŒi ;=kajrla Y%djKh lrjd

^wiaijd $ okajd& lrkq ,nk l¾uh zwmf,dalk l¾uZ nj úkhÜGl:dfjys ±lafõ' md,suq;a;l úkhúksÉPfhys o th

1

2

3

4

50

1' pq'j'md' 1" iu:laLkaO 378 msg 2' pq'j'md' 1" iu:laLkaOlh" 386 - 90 msg3' ;;a: wmf,dalShf;a wdhdÖhf;a wmf,dalkx '''''' zúkhd' àld" lïulïuúksÉPh 223 msg"4' wmf,dalklïux kdu iSuÜGalix>x fidafO;ajd Pkaodrydkx Pkaox wdyß;ajd iu.a.iai

ixiiai wkqu;sh ;slaLka;=x idfj;ajd l;a;ínx lïux '''''' iu'md IV" lïuj.a." 1039 msg fya'uq &

p;=¾úO l¾u

tf,i u olajd we;' fuys§ isÿflfrk Y%djKh fyj;a weiaiùu

i|yd Ndú; flfrk Y%djK jdlHhla úkh md,sfhys olajd

fkdue;s jqj;a wgqjdfjys zix>x Nkaf;a" mqÉPdñ ''''Z hkd§

l%ufhka ta ta ldrKdkql+,j th olajd we;' wmf,dalk l¾uhg

[;a;shla fyda wkqY%djKhla fyda fkdfhfok neúka uq,ska ±lajQ

tu jdlHhg Y%djK jdlHh hehs jHjydr flf¾'

wkqY%djKh hkqfjka ±lafjkafka [;a;shg wkqj

weiaiùuhs' tkï [;a;sfhka lshjqKq woyi u ziqKd;= fï Nkaf;a"

ixf>da ''''''Z hkd§ l%ufhka lshd [;a;sfhys fuka w.g z'''''''tid

[;a;sZ fyda '''''' zWfmdai:x lfrhHZ fyda z''''' mjdfrhHZ hehs

fkdlshd z''''''hiaidhiauf;da Lu;s '''''''''' fida NdfihHZ hkak

fhdod ix> wkque;sh úpdÍu i|yd isÿ flfrk weiaiùuhs'

fuf,i fuu weiaiùu md,s jdlHdkqidrfhkau isÿflfrk neúka

tu jdlHh u wkqY%djKh hehs o l¾ujdlHh hehs o jHjydr

flf¾' wmf,dalk l¾uh wjia:d myl § isÿ lrKq ,efí'

tajd kï (-

1' ksiaidrK

2' ídrK

3' NKavqlïu

4' n%yauoKavk

5' lïu,laLK

jYfhks'

lKagl ^f;rejka flfry s jrojd m s< smk a &

idufKarjrhdf.a oKavl¾u kdikh zksiaidrKZ kï fõ' tu

idufKarhd ;ud l< jro ms<sf.k wdh;s ixjrfhys msysàfuka

miq Tyq kej; ix>hd fj; we;=<;a lrjd .ekSu zídrKhZhs'

meúÈùug wfmalaIs; lsishï l=,mq;%fhl=f.a flaiÉfþokh i|yd

1

2

3

4

51

1' md,suq;a;l úkhúksÉPh" lïudlïuúksÉPh l:d 356 msg 2' iu'md' lïuj.a." 1045 msg fya'uq'3' wmf,dalklïux l;udks m[ap Gdkdks .ÉP;s( TidrKx" ksiaidrKx" NKavqlïux"

n%yauoKavx" lïu,laLk[af[aj m[apux'" mßjdrmd,s" II nq'c';s%' 306 msg' 4' lKaglidufKariai oKavlïukdikd ksiaidrKd;s fõÈ;índ"

iu'md' IV, lïuj.a." 1045 msg fya'uq'


ix>hdf.a wkque;sh ,nd.ekSu zNKavqlïuZ kñ' lsishï NslaIqjla

ix>hdg kmqre jpkj,ska neKje§fï § iu.s ix>hd úiska Tyq

ksjerÈ u.g fhduqlr,Sfï woyiska Tyq yd weiqr j¾ckh lsÍï

jYfhka lrkq ,nk l¾uh zn%yauoKavkhZ kñ' Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia NslaLqkS LkaOlfhys hï wjkaokSh ^fkdje¢h hq;=&

l¾uhla wkq±k jod<yq o th zlïu,laLkZ kï fõ' NslaIqŒ

ix>hd uq,a lrf.k fuu l¾u,laIKh mkjd jod< kuqÿ fuh

NslaIq ix>hdg o wod< fõ' wmf,dalk l¾uh fuu wjia:d mfiys

isÿ lrkq ,efí' wmf,dalk l¾uhg wh;a fuu l¾u mfika

ídrK" ksiaidrK" NKavqlïu" n%yauoKavk hk i;r jkdys

.Khd ^Wmimka NslaIQka ;sfofkl=& úiska fyda mqoa.,hl= ^tla

Wmimka NslaIqjl& úiska fyda fkdlrkq ,nk" ix>hd ^Wmimka

NslaIQka i;r kula& úiska u lrkq ,nk l¾ufhda h' wmf,dalk

úkh l¾uhg wh;a lïu,laLkhg iïnkaO we;eï l¾u

ix>hdg fyda .Khdg fyda mqoa.,hdg fyda wjia:dkql+,j l<

yel'

Bg wu;rj [;a;s ÿ;sh l¾ujdlHfhka wkq±k jod<d jQ

,yq l¾u jk f;ri iïuq;s o wmf,dalk fhka isÿ l< yel' tu

f;ri iïuq;s kï:

1' N;a;=oafoail

2' fiakdik.a.dydml

3' NKavd.dßl

4' Öjrmá.a.dyl

5' ÖjrNdcl

6' hd.=Ndcl

7' M,Ndcl

8' LÊcNdcl

9' wmamu;a;lúiaiÊcl

1

2

52

1' iu'md IV, lïuj.a." 1046-47 msg fya'uq' 2' jðrnqoaêàld wmf,dalklïul:d" cÜGix.dhkd ixia' 273 msg

p;=¾úO l¾u

10' idÀh.a.dydml

11' m;a;.a.dydml

12' wdrdñlfmail

13' idufKarfmail

jYfhks'

2' [;a;s lïu (- [;a;s lïu hkq iSuia:l ix>hd w;amig

le|jd fyda .KmQrl NslaIQka ;nd fiiq NslaIQka reÑh mßÈ

iSudfjka neyer fldg ^fidaOkh fldg& fyda Pkaohg iqÿiq

jQjkaf.a Pkaoh f.kjq;a iu.s ix>hdf.a wkque;sh ms‚i tla

[;a;shlska l< hq;= l¾uhhs' úkhd,xldr àldfjys [;a;sfhka

l< hq;= l¾uh [;a;s l¾u kï fõ hehs ±lafõ' tkï wkqidjkh

fkdfldg msßisÿ [;a;sfhka u l< hq;= l¾uhhs' [;a;sh

;eîfukau wod< úkh l¾uh isoaêhg m;aùu fuys ,laIKhhs'

[;a;sÿ;sh" [;a;sp;=;a: l¾uhkays fuka fkdlshd yeÍula" fyda fjk;a ldrKhla fyda fuu [;a;s lïufhys ke;af;ah'

úu;súfkdaokS àldfjys fuh ;jÿrg;a úia;r fõ' [;a;sÿ;sh yd

[;a;sp;=;a: l¾uhkays wkqidjkhla ̂ weiaiùula& we;s neúka tys

idjkydmkhla yg.kS' fuu [;a;s l¾ufhys wkqidjkhla ke;s

neúka idjkydmkhla fkdyg .kS' tfia jqj o [;a;s l¾uh isÿ

lrk úg tys wlaIr mßySkhla fyda mo mßySkhla fyda jrojd

lsula fyda jqjfyd;a tys fYdaOkh ms‚i kej; kej; lsj hq;=h'

fuhska wfldamH l¾uh ±ä ô<aySlïux& ùu o fldamH l¾uh

isoaêhg m;a ùu o isÿ fõ' fuhska lshk ,oafoa [;a;shg wÞ< hï

wCIrhla fyda mo wdÈhla jrojd lSfuka fyda w;ayeÍfuka l¾uh

wisoaêhg m;a jk njhs' fuh [;a;s l¾uhg muKla fkdj

1

2

3

4

5

53

1' z[;a;slïux kdu iSuÜGl ix>x fidafO;ajd Pkaodrydkx Pkaox wdyß;ajd iu.a.iai ix>iai wkqu;shd tldh [;a;shd l;a;ínx lïuxZ iu'md" IV lïuj.a." 1039 msg fya'uq'

2' [;A;shd l;a;ínlïux [;a;slïux" wkqiaidjkx wl;ajd iqoaO[;a;shd taj lka;ínlïux úkhd" àld" lïudlïu úksÉPh l:d" 223 msg

3' [;a;slïfï [;a;sÿ;sh[;a;sp;=;af:aiq úh ydmkx jd w[a[:dlrKx jd k;aÓ"iu'md III" pïfmhHlaLkaOl" 850 msg fya'uq'

4' úu;súfkdaokkS àld"pïfmhHlaLkaOl" fír;=vqfõ OïudOdr ysñ" ixia" 441 ms' 5' box wl=mamlïuiai o<aySlïux fyd;s' l=mamlïfu lïux yq;ajd ;sÜG;s"

iu'md IV" lïuj.a." 1040 msg fya'uq'


wmf,dalk l¾u we;=¿ fiiq l¾u j,g o wod< jk nj úkhd,xldr àldfjys i|yka fõ' wmf,dalk l¾ufhys wCIr

mßydkshla fkdue;' fy< niska jqj;a isÿ lrkq ,nk okajd iSàu

fyj;a weiaiùug wÞ< iÙ>hd mrdu¾IKh ùï wd§ lreKq

ksjerÈj isÿúh hq;=h' tfia fkdùfuka wmf,dalk l¾u o

wisoaêhg m;afõ' [;a;sh ixfCIam jYfhka fojeoEreï h'

tkï (-

1' ksoaÈÜG [;a;s 2' wksoaÈÜG [;a;s

hkqfjks'

zksoaÈÜG [;a;sZ hkq z'''''''' taid [;a;sZ hkqfjka ±lafjk [;a;shhs' zlïumdo[;a;sZ hkqfjka o fuh ye¢kafõ' ztid

[;a;sZ hkqfjka m%ldY fkdflfrk z'''''' ixf>da mjdfrhHZ wd§

l%ufhka fhfok [;a;sh zwksoaÈÜG [;a;sZ kï fõ' th u

zlïu[;a;sZ kñka o ye¢kafõ' fuu lïumdo[;a;s yd

lïu[;a;s ms<sn|j úu;súfkdaokS àldfjys jeäÿrg;a fuf,i

i|yka fõ' [;a;sÿ;sh yd [;a;sp;=;a: l¾uhkays wkqidjk

ixLHd; jQ l¾uhg [;a;sh mdol jk neúka lïumdo[;a;s kï

fõ' [;a;sfhka isÿ lrkq ,nk l¾u 9 ls'

tajd kï(-

1' ́ idrK

2' ksiaidrK

3' Wfmdai:

4' mjdrK

5' iïuq;s

6' odk

7' má.a.y

1

2

3

4

54

1' úkh,xldr áld" lïudlïu úksÉPh l:d" 226 msg

2' iu'md IV, Wmd<sm[ay" 1020 msg fya'uq'3' zhd ksoaÈÜGd id lïumdo[;a;s kdu" iu'md IV" Wmd,sm[ay" 1020 msg fya'uq'4' lïu[ap lïumdoflda pd;s h;a: hiaud [;a;slïfuiq [;a;sms ihfïj lïux fyd;s"

z[;a;sÿ;sh[;a;sp;af:aiq lïfïiq wkqidjkixLd;iai lïuiai [;a;smdolNdfõk ;sÜG;s"Z úu;súfkdokS àld" 506 msg

p;=¾úO l¾u

8' mÉpqlaLâVk

9' lïu,laLk

hkqfjks'

iSudud,lfha § WmiïmodfmalaIlhdf.a le|ùu isÿlsÍu

i|yd lrkq ,nk [;a;sh zídrKZ hhs Wíndysl úksÉPfhys §

OïulÓl NslaIqj neyer lsÍï jYfhka lrkq ,nk [;a;sh

zksiaidrKZ kï fõ' mKaKriS" pd;=oaoiS fmdfyda Èkj, fmdfydh

lsÍu i|yd ;nkq ,nk [;a;sh zWfmdai:Z hs' mKaKriS" pd;=oaoiS

mjdrKhkays mjdrK l¾uh isÿ lsÍu i|yd ;nk [;a;sh

zmjdrKZ kñ' úkh ms<súiSï wd§ ;ekays ;ud fyda wfkll= fyda

iïu; lsÍu i|yd ;nk [;a;sh ziïuq;sZ hs' ix>hdg ksiaiÊckh

l< md;%isjqre wdÈh kej; tu NslaIqjg §u i|yd ;nk [;a;sh

zodkZ kï fõ' zmá.a.ykZ hkq ix>hd ueo weje;a foik ,o

NslaIqjf.a tlS weje;a ms<s.ekSu i|yd má.a.dyl NslaIqjla iïu;

lsÍï jYfhka ;nk [;a;shhs' zmÉpqlaLâVkZ hkq Wfmdai:"

mjdrK úkh l¾u fol miqjg l,a±óu i|yd ix>hdf.a

wkque;sh ,nd .ekSfï § ;nkq ,nk [;a;shhs' fomsßila w;r

we;s jQ l,yhl § isÿ jQ weje;aj,g ms<shï lsÍug hdfuka kej;

kej; l,yh j¾Okh jk neúka :q,a,jÊc yd .sysmáixhqla;

weje;a yer fiiq weje;a ;sKj;a:drlfhka ixis|ùu i|yd

ish¨fokd tla ia:dkhlg /iaù ix>hdf.a wkque;sh ms‚i tla

jHla; m%;sn, NslaIqjla úiska ;nkq ,nk iínix.dysl [;a;sh

zlïu,laLkZ kï fõ' [;a;s l¾u isÿjkafka ́ idrK wd§ fulS

kj ;ekays h' [;a;s l¾uhg wh;a by; ±lajQ l¾u kjh w;=ßka

Wfmdai: yd mjdrK hk l¾uoajh wjia:dkql+,j ix>hdg fyda

.Khdg fyda l< yelsh' ídrK" ksiadirK wd§ fiiq l¾u y;

l< yelafla ix>hdg mu‚'

3' [;a;sÿ;sh lïu (- iSuia:l ix>hd w;amig le|jd fyda

.KmQrl NslaIQka ;nd fiiq NslaIQka reÑh mßÈ iSudfjka neyer

1

2

55

1' [;a;slïux l;udls kj Gdkdks .ÉP;s" mßjdrmd,s" II' 306 msgmd,suq;a;l úkhúksÉPh" 358 msg

2' iu'md IV, 1051 - 52 msg fya'uq'


fldg ^fidaOkh fldg& fyda Pkaohg iqÿiqjQjkaf.ka Pkaoh

f.kjq;a iu.s ix>hdf.a wkque;sh ms‚i tla [;a;shlska yd tla

wkqidjkhlska isÿ lrkq ,nk l¾uh [;a;sÿ;sh l¾uh kï fõ'

fuu z[;a;sÿ;sh l¾uhZ i;a ;ekl § isÿ lrkq ,efí'

tkï

1' ́ idrK

2' ksiaidrK

3' iïuq;s

4' odk

5' WoaOdr

6' foaik

7' lïu,laLk

jYfhks'

[;a;sÿ;sh l¾ufhys zksiaidrKZ hkq ix>hdg w,dN isÿ

lrk lsishï .syshl=f.a odkh m%;slafIam lsÍï jYfhka ^jâV

,sÉPùg isÿ l<dla n÷& isÿ flfrk m;a;kslal=Êck l¾uhhs' l<

jro ms<sf.k wdh;s ixjrfhys msysàfuka miq l,ska mekjQ

m;a;kslal=Êckh ix>hd úiska bj;a lrkq ,eîu zídrKZ

hkqfjka ±lafõ' ziïuq;sZ hkq ;sÖjrwúmamjdi wd§ f;ri

iïuq;Ska w;=ßka lsishï iïuq;shla ix>hd úiska NslaIqjlg fokq

,eîuhs' lÀkÖjr" u;lÖjr wdÈh iqÿiq NslaIqjlg ,nd§u zodkZ

kñ' zWoaOdrZ hkq Od¾ñl lreKla we;s l,ays lÀkdksixi wj,x.=

lsÍuhs' ^W.=,d±óuhs&' l=áj;a:q" úydrj;a:q foaYkd lsÍu zfoaikdZ

kï fõ' zlïu,laLkZ hkq ;sKj;a:drl iu:fhys tla mlaIhl

tlla ne.ska mlaI foflys [;a;sÿ;sh l¾u folla lsÍuhs'

[;a;sÿ;sh l¾uhg wh;a by; i|yka ídrK wd§ l¾u y; isÿ

l< yelafla p;=jd¾.sl fyda Bg jeä ix>hdg mu‚'

4' [;a;sp;=;a: lïu (- tkï iSuia:l ix>hd w;amig le|jd fyda

.KmQrl NslaIQka ;nd fiiq NslaIQka reÑh mßÈ iSudfjka neyer

1

2

56

1' iu'md IV" lïuj.a. 1039 msg fya'uq'

2' mßjdrmd,s II, lïuj.a. 306 msg

p;=¾úO l¾u

fldg ^fidaOkh fldg& fyda Pkaohg iqÿiq jQjkaf.ka Pkaoh

f.kjq;a iu.s ix>hdf.a wkque;sh ms‚i tla [;a;shlska yd

wkqidjk ;=klska hq;=j lrkq ,nk l¾uhhs' fuu [;a;s

p;=;a:l¾uh i;a ;efklays isÿ lrkq ,efí'

tajd kï (-

1' ́ idrK

2' ksiaidrK

3' iïuq;s

4' odk

5' ks.a.y

6' iukqNdik

7' lïu,laLk

hkqfjks'

[;a;sp;=;a: l¾ufhys tk zksiaidrKZ hkq ;Êckshd§

l¾uhkaf.a jYfhka lrkq ,nk oKavl¾uhhs' ta ;ÊckShd§

oKav l¾uhkaf.a mámamiaïNkh îxis|ùu&u zídrKZ kñ'

ziïuq;sZ hkq NslaIqŒkag wjjdo lsÍu i|yd NslaIqjla iïu; lr

.ekSuhs' msßfjia" udk;a wdÈh §u zodkZ kï fõ' zks.a.yZ hkq

uQ,dh máliaikhhs' NslaIqjla ixidÈfiaihlg m;aj th ms<sika

jQfha kï ms<sika Èk .Kkg msßfjia msßh hq;=h' tu msßfji mqrk

w;r;=r § hï wka;rdm;a;shlg m;a jQfha kï kej; tu msßfji

uq,g weÈh hq;=h' fuu uQ,dh máliaikh mdßjdisl" udk;a;dry"

udk;a;pdßl" wíNdkdry hk wjia:dj,§ iÕfjfiilg

meñŒfuka isÿ flf¾' ziukqNdikZ kñka ye¢kafjkafka

WlaÅ;a;dkqj;a;l" wßÜGpKavld,sld§ tfldf<dia ;efkl

mefkk Tjqfkdjqka .;a jerÈ u; neyer lr,Sfï woyiska

flfrk l¾uhhs' Wmiïmod" wíNdk hk l¾uoajh l¾uhu

,laIK fldg we;s neúka zlïu,laLkZ kï fõ' fuu l¾u

,laIKhg wh;a jk [;a;sp;=;a: Wmiïmodj Ydiksl .re úkh

1

2

57

1' iu'md" IV, lïuj.a." 1039 msg fya'uq'

2' mßjdrmd,s II"lïuj.a." 306 msg


l¾uhls' tays NslaLq Wmiïmod wd§ wIagúO Wmiïmod l%u w;=ßka

j¾;udkfhys f,dj mj;skafka fulS [;a;s p;=;a:lïu

Wmiïmodj mu‚' fuu Wmiïmodj m%;Hka; ckmohl isÿ

lrkafka kï ta i|yd mxpjd¾.sl ^Wmimka NslaIQka miakula&

ix>hd iyNd.S úh hq;= w;r th uOHfoaYfha isÿ lrkafka kï

oijd¾.sl ^Wmimka NslaIQka oikula& ix>hd iyNd.S úh hq;=h'

fuu l¾u ,laIKhg u wh;a wíNdk l¾uh ;j;a [;a;sp;=;a:

.re úkh l¾uhls' tkï iÕfjfiia weje;lg m;a jQ NslaIqjla

j;a udk;a msÍfuka miq ùi;s jd¾.sl ^Wmimka NslaIQka úiskula&

ix>hd úiska tu NslaIqj m%lD;s NslaIqjla jYfhka kÕd isgqjkq

,eîuhs' [;a;s p;=;a: l¾uhg wh;a ́ idrK" ksiaidrK" iïuq;s"

odk" ks.a.y" iukqNdik hk l¾u isÿlsÍug wju jYfhka

p;=jd¾.sl ix>hd isáh hq;=h' lïu,laLkhg wh;a Wmiïmod yd

wíydk l¾u i|yd isáh hq;= NslaIq ixLHdj by; ±lajQ mßÈ o;

hq;=h'

lsÉpdêlrKhg wh;a zwmf,dalkl¾u yd [;a;sl¾uZ

fol ,yq l¾u jYfhka o z[;a;sÿ;shlïu yd [;a;sp;=;a:lïuZ

.re l¾u jYfhka o úkfhys olajd ;sfí' áldfõ i|yka fldg

we;s fuu lreK olajk ,oafoa wúfYaIfhks' thska lsis úfgl;a

p;=¾úO l¾uhkag wod< iïm;a;slr O¾uhka msßyùfï bvla

fkd,efí'

lsÉpdêlrKhg we;=<;ajk p;=¾úO úkh l¾u w;=ßka

zwmf,dalk l¾uhZ wmf,dalk jYfhkau l< hq;=h' th z[;a;s

l¾ud§Z jYfhka fkdl< hq;=h' [;a;s l¾uh o tla [;a;shla

;ndu l< hq;=h' th zwmf,dalk l¾ud§Z jYfhka fkdl< hq;=h'

z[;a;sÿ;sh l¾ufhka isÿ lsÍug wkqo;a l¾u w;=ßka wmf,dalkh

fldg l< yels l¾u o we;' wmf,dalkh fkdfldg [;a;sÿ;sh

l¾ufhkau l< hq;= l¾u o we;' iSud iïuq;s" iSud iuQyk" lÀk

odk" lÀkqoaOdr" l=áj;a:q foaik" úydrj;a:q foaik hk fï l¾u

yh [;a;s ÿ;sh l¾ufhka u l< hq;= .re l¾ufhda fj;s' fïjd

1

58

1' úkhd,x àld" lïudlïul:d 223 msg

p;=¾úO l¾u

wmf,dalkh fldg fkdl< hq;=h' fiiq f;ri iïuq;s

u;lÖjrodkdÈh ,yq l¾u jk w;r tajd o wmf,dalk jYfhka

lsÍug iqÿiq h'

p;=¾úO l¾u wisoaêhg m;ajk whqre

by; i|yka l< wmf,dalk l¾udÈ p;=¾úO úkh l¾u

wisoaêhg m;ajk wdldrh myls'

tajd kï (-

1' jia;= jYfhka

2' [;a;s jYfhka

3' wkqidjk jYfhka

4' iSud jYfhka

5' mßi jYfhka

hkqfjks'

jia;= jYfhka fldamHùu hkq iïuqLfhys l< hq;= l¾uh

wiïuqLfhys lsÍu" ms<súi l< hq;= l¾uh fkdms<súi lsÍu"

m%;s×fhka l<hq;= l¾uh wm%;s{dfjka lsÍu" i;súkhg iqÿiq

jQjyqg wuQ<ayúkh §u" wuQ<ayúkhg iqÿiq jQjyqg ;iaimdmshHisld

l¾uh lsÍu" ;iaimdmshHisld l¾uhg iqÿiq jQjyqg ;ÊckSh

l¾uh lsÍu" ;ÊckSh l¾uhg iqÿiq jQjyqg kshiai l¾uh lsßu"

kshiai l¾uhg iqÿiq jQjyg míndckSh l¾uh lsÍu" míndckSh

l¾uhg iqÿiq jQjyqg máidrŒh l¾uh lsÍu" máidrŒh l¾uhg

iqÿiq jQjyqg WlafÄmkSh l¾uh lsÍu" WlafÄmkSh l¾uhg iqÿiq

jQjyqg mßjdi ^msßfjia& §u" mßjdihg iqÿiq jQjyqg uQ,dh

máliaikh lsÍu" uQ,dh máliaikhg iqÿiq jQjyqg udk; §u"

udk;g iqÿiq jQjyqg wíNdkh lsÍu" wíNdkhg iqÿiq jQjl=

Wmiïmod lsÍu" wkqfmdai: ^fkdfmdfyda& ojfiys Wfmdai:h

lsÍu" wmjdrKfhys ^mjdrKhg kqÿiq Èkfhys& mdjrKh lsÍsu

hk wjia:d h'

1

2

59

1' budks p;a;dß lïudks m[apdyldf¾ys úmÊcka;s" j;a:qf;da jd [;a;sf;da jd wkqidjkf;da jd iSuf;da mjd mß>f;da jd '''' mßjdrmd,s II, 300 msg

2' mßjdrmd,s" II 300-302 msg


by; ±lajQ iïuqLfhys l< hq;= l¾u wiïuqLfhys lsÍfuka

jia;= úmkak jQ wO¾u l¾uhla fõ' fuys iïuqLfhys l< hq;=

l¾u o we;' wiïuqLfhys l< hq;= l¾u o we;' wiïuqLfhys

l<hq;= l¾u kï( ¥f;k Wmiïmodj" m;a;kslal=Êckh"

m;a;Wlal=Êckh" Wu;= NslaIqjg Wïu;a;l iïuq;sh" fiaL

l=,hkag fiaLiïuq;sh" n%yauoKavkh" mldikShl¾uh" wjkaokSh

l¾uh hk wg h' fuu l¾u wg wiïuqLfhys lf<a kuqÿ ukdj

lrkd ,oafoa fõ' fiiq ish¨ l¾u iïuqLfhys u l< hq;=h' iïuqLd

úkh jQ l,s isõjeoEreï h' tkï ix> iïuqL;d" OïuiïuqL;d" úkhiïuqL;d" mq.a.,iïuqL;d jYfhks' ix> iïuqL;d hkq

p;=j.a.dÈ úkh l¾uhkag hï muK NslaIQyQ l¾um%dma; jQjdyq o

Tjqyq meñ‚hdyQ fj;s' Pkaohg iqÿiq jQjkaf.a Pkaoh f.fkk

,oafoa fõ o iïuqÇN+; NslaIQyQ málafldaikh fkdlr;a o fuh

ix> iïuqL;d kï fõ' hï O¾uhlska" hï úkhlska" hï

Ydia;DYdikhlska ix>hd l¾u lrhs o fuh OïuiïuqL;d fukau

úkh iïuqL;d o fõ' tys O¾uh hkq N+; fyj;a úoHudk jia;=jhs'

úkh hkq fpdaokdj fuka u isys lsÍuhs' Ydia;DYdikh kï [;a;s

iïm;a;sh fuka u wkqidjk iïm;a;sh h' mq.a.,iïuqL;d hkq

ix>hd hï NslaIqjlg l¾u lsÍfï § Tyqf.a iïuqLNdjhhs' by;

i|yka p;=¾úO iïuqLd úkfhka lrk ,oaodjQ l¾ufhda ukd

fldg lrk ,oaodyq fj;s' iïuqLd úkfhka f;drj lrk ,o

l¾ufhda jia;= úmkak jk neúka ziïuqLdlrŒhx lïux wiïuqLd

lfrda;s j;a:qúmkakx wOïulïuxZ hehs lshk ,oafoa fõ'

óg wu;rj zúisjhia wvq ;eke;a;l= fyda mßð jQjl= fyda

tfldf<dia wNjH mqoa.,hkaf.ka flfkl= fyda Wmimka lsÍuZ o

jia;= jYfhka fldamH ùfï lreKla f,i úkh wgqjdfjys olajd

;sfí' by; ±lajQ fodaIj,ska hqla; ùu jia;= úm;a;s kï fõ' tlS

fodaIj,ska úks¾uqla; ùu u jia;= iïm;a;s kï fõ'

1

2

3

4

60

1' iu'md IV" lïuj.a." 1040 msg fya'uq'

2' md,suq;a;l úkhúksÉPh ix.yàld" lïudlïuúksÉPh" l:d 137 msg

3' iu'md" IV, lïuj.a." 1040 msg fya'uq'

4' iu'md IV, lïuj.a." 1041 msg fya'uq'

p;=¾úO l¾u

[;a;s jYfhka fldamHúu hkq zjia;=j mrdu¾Ykh

fkdlsÍu" ix>hd mrdu¾Ykh fkdlsÍu" mqoa.,hd mrdu¾Ykh

fkdlsÍu" [;a;sh mrdu¾Ykh fkdlsÍu" miqj [;a;sh ;eîuZ

hk lreKq mfilska úm;a;shg fyj;a wisoaêhg m;a ùuhs' jia;=

mrdu¾Ykh fkdlsÍu hkafkka woyia flrkafka hful=

Wmiïmod lsÍfï § Tyqf.a ku mrdu¾Yh fkdlsÍuhs' ix>hd

mrdu¾Ykh fkdlsÍu hkq ix>hdf.a ku fkd.ekSuhs' tkï zix>Z

hk moh fkdlshd yeÍuhs' mqoa.,hd mrdu¾Ykh fkdlsßu hkq

WmiïmodfmalaIlhdf.a hï WmdOHdhjrhl= fõ o Tyq

mrdu¾Ykh fkdlsÍu fyj;a Tyqf.a ku fkdlshd yeÍuhs'

[;a;sh mrdu¾Ykh fkdlsÍu hkq ish¨ wdldrfhka [;a;sh

mrdu¾Ykh fkdlsßuhs' tkï [;a;s ÿ;sh l¾ufhys [;a;sh

fkd;nd fojrla l¾ujdlHh u wkqidjkh lsÍuhs' [;a;sp;=;a:

l¾uh ms<sn|j o tmßÈ u h' miqj [;a;sh ;eîu hkq m<uqj

l¾ujdlHfhka wkqidjk l¾uh fldg miqj z''''' taid [;a;SZ ;s

hehs [;a;sh ;nd bkamiqj z'''''Lu;s ix>iai ;iaud;=KayS tajfï;x

OdrhdóZ hehs wjika lsÍuhs' [;a;shg wh;a by; ±lajQ fodaI

mfyka hqla; ùu [;a;s úm;a;s jk w;r tajdhska f;drùuu [;a;s

iïm;a;s kï fõ'

wkqidjk jYfhka fldamHúu hkq jia;=j mrdu¾Ykh

fkdlsÍu" ix>hd mrdu¾Ykh fkdlsÍu" mqoa.,hd mrdu¾Ykh

fkdlsÍu" wkqidjkh w;ayeÍu" fkdl,ays wkqidjkh lrùu hk

mia wdldrhlska isÿjk wisoaêhhs' tys jia;= mrdu¾Ykh fkdlsÍu

hkq ziqKd;= fï Nkaf;a ixf>daZ hk m<uq wkqidjkfhys fyda

zÿ;shïms ta;u;a:x jodñ' ;;shïms ta;u;a:x jodñ' iqKd;= fï

Nkaf;a ixf>daZ hk fojk ;=kajk wkqidjkhkays fyda zwhx

OïurlaÅf;da wdhiauf;da nqoaOrlaÅ;iai WmiïmodfmlafLdaZ hehs

lsj hq;= l,ays ziqKd;= fï Nkaf;a ixf>da" wdhiauf;da

n qo aOrl aÅ;i ai Wmiïmodfml afLd a Z heh s l Su

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1' mßjdr md,s II, 302 msg

2' iu'md IV, lïuj.a." 1041 - 42 msg fya'uq'

3' mßjdr md,s II, 302 msg


WmiïmodfmalaIlhdf.a ku fkdlshd yeÍu jia;=j mrdu¾Ykh

fkdlsßu kñ' ix> mrdu¾Ykh fkdlsÍu hkq ziqKd;= fï Nkaf;a

ixf>da" whx OïurlaÅf;daZ hehs lsh hq;= l,ays ziqKd;= fï Nkaf;a

whx OïurlaÅf;daZ hehs lshñka ix>hd mrdu¾Ykh fkdlsÍuhs'

mqoa.,hd mrdu¾Ykh fkdlsÍu hkq ziqKd;= fï Nkaf;a

ixf>da whx OïurlaÅf;da wdhiauf;da nqoaOrlaÅ;iai

WmiïmodfmlafLdaZ hehs lshñka mqoa.,hd ^WmdOHdhhka

jykafiaf.a ku& mrdu¾Ykh fkdlsÍuhs' wkqidjkh w;ayeÍu

^wkqidjkx ydfm;s& hkq ish,af,ka ish,a, l¾ujdlHfhka wkqidjkh fkdlsÍuhs' tkï [;a;sÿ;sh l¾ufhys § l¾u

jdlHh fkdlshd fojrla [;a;sh u ;eîu o [;a;sp;=;a:

l¾ufhys § l¾ujdlHh fkdlshd isõjrla [;a;shu ;eîu o fõ'

;j o [;a;sÿ;sh l¾uhl§ tla [;a;shla ;nd tla l¾ujdlHhla

wkqidjkh lrk l,ays o [;a;sp;=;a: l¾uhl§ tla [;a;shla

;nd f;jrla l¾ujdlHfhka wkqidjkh lrk l,ays o wl=rla

fyda mohla fyda w;ayßhs o ke;fyd;a fkdukd f,i WÉpdrKh

flf¾ ̂ wlaLrx jd mox jd Pâfvkaf;dams ÿre;a;x lfrdkaf;dams& o

fuf,iska wkqidjkh msßfy<k nj wgqjdfjys i|yka fõ'

zÿre;a; lrhsZ ^ÿre;a;x lfrd;s& hkq fuys jkdys fï úksYaphhs'

hfula jkdys wka wl=rla lsh hq;= ;kays fjfklla ^WÉpdrKh

jrojd& lshd o fuf;fï ÿre;a; lrhs kï fõ' ÿre;a;h isÿjk

wdldr oyhla jk w;r th wgqjdfjys fuf,i ±lafõ'

—isÓ,Oks;[ap §>riaix - .rel,yql[ap ks.a.yS;x"

iïnkaOx jj;aÓ;x úuq;a;x - oiOdnH[acknqoaêhd mfNafoda'˜

fuys isÓ, hkq j¾. mfiys m<uq yd f;jk wlaIrfhda ̂ l"

." p" c" g" v" ;" o" m" n&h' Oks; hkq tu j¾. mfya u fojk yd

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62

1' iu'md IV" 1043 msg fya'uq'2' zwkqidjk ydfm;S;s iífík iínx lïujdpdh wkqidjk klfrda;s'Z

iu'md' 4" lïuj.a." 1042 msg fya'uq'3' iu'md' IV" 1042 msg fya'uq'4' -tu-

p;=¾úO l¾u

i;rjk wlaIrfhda ^L" >" P" ®" G" V" :" O" t" N& h' §> hkq

WÉpdrKfha§ §¾> ld,hla .;jk tkï ud;%d folla .;jk

wd"B"W! hk wlaIrfhda h' riai hkq by; ±lajQ §¾> iajrj,ska

w¾Oud;%l ld,hlska WÉpdrKh jk wlaIrfhda ̂ w" b" W&h' .rel

hkq §¾> wlaIr u h' zwdhiauf;da nqoaOrlaÅ;;af:ariaiZ zhiai

klaLu;sZhehs lshk l,ays bß weÈ fulS ixfhda.hlg mQ¾jfhys

we;s újD; wldrh o .rel kñ' ,yqlh hkq y%iajhuh'

zwdhiauf;da nqoaOrlaÅ;f:riaiZ zhiai k Lu;sZ hehs fufia

wixfhda.h mrfldg hula lshkq ,efí o thhs' ixfhda.hla rys;

úgfl Bg mQ¾jfhys we;s ixjD; jQ wldrh fuf,i ,yql kï fõ'

ks.a.yS; hkq lrKh fyj;a Èj fm<d wúi¾ckh fldg újD;

fkdjQ uqúka" wkqkdislh fyj;a kdihg nrj WÉpdrKh flfrk

Yíohhs' f¾reldfka kdysñfhda th fuf,i olaj;s' zks.a.yS;h

hkq lrKh ;o lrf.k újD; o fkdjQ i¾jdldrfhka o fkdjeiQ

uqLfhka kdisfhka iq<x hjñka WÉpdrKh l< hq;= ìkaÿjhsZ

iïnkaOh hkq hula mrmoh yd iïnkaO fldg ;=Kaysiai hehs fyda

;=Kayiai hehs fyda lshkq ,efí o thhs' uq,a moh miqmoh iuÕ

iïnkaO ùu fyj;a ikaê ùu iïnkaO kï fõ' jj;aÓ; hkq

lsishu mohla mrmoh iuÕ iïnkaO fkdfldg úÉýkao ^fjka&

fldg z;=KayS wiaiZ hehs fyda z;=KaywiaiZ hehs fyda lshkq ,efí o

thhs'

úuq;a; hkq lrKh fkdfm<d úi¾ckh fldg újD; uqúka

wkqkdislh fkdfldg lshkq ,efí o thhs' ^zúuqla;sh hkq

lrKhka ;o lr fkdf.k uqLh újD; fldg yqiau msglrñka lsh

hq;= wlaIrhZ úkh l¾u" 256 ms&' tys ziqKd;= fïZ hehs lsj hq;=

l,ays z;Z ldrhg z:Z ldr fldg ziqKd:q fïZ hehs lSu isÓ,hg

OkslrK kï fõ' tfia u zm;a;l,a,x taid [;a;sZ hehs lsh hq;=

l,ays zm;a:ld,x" taid [;aÓZ hkd§ jpk tfia isÓ,hg Oks;

lsÍu hkafkka woyia fõ' zNkaf; ixf>daZ hehs lsj hq;= l,ays

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1' úkhl¾u fmd;" f¾reldfka pkaoúu, uykdysñ" 2007" 255 - 256 msg


zNZ ldr z>Z ldrhkag znZ ldr z. Z ldr fldg znkaf;a ixf.daZ hehs

lSu Oks;hg isÓ,lrK kñ' zúuq;a;shg ks.a.yS;hZ hkqfjka

woyia flfrkafka újD; fkdjQ uqLfhka wkqkdislh fldg lSu h'

tkï" ziqKd;= fïZ hehs lsj hq;= l,ays ziqKka;= fïZ hehs lSu fyda

ztaid [;a;sZ hehs lsj hq;= l,ays ztaix [;a;sxZ hehs lSu h'

ks.a.yS;hg úuq;a;hZhkqfjka woyia flfrkafka zm;a;l,a,xZ

hehs újD; fkdjQ uqLfhka wkqkdislh fldg lsj hq;= l,ays

zm;a;l,a,dZ hehs újD; uqLfhka wkqkdislh fkdfldg lSuh'

fufia isÓ,h lsj hq;= l,ays Oks;h" Oks;h lsj hq;= l,ays isÓ,h"

úuq;a;h lsj hq;= l,ays ks.a.yS;h" ks.a.yS;h lsj hq;= l,ays

úuq;a;h hk fï p;=¾úO jH[ackfhda l¾ujdlHh ;=< l¾uh

¥IH fyj;a fldamH flfr;s'

wfkla §¾>" y%iaj wdÈ IâjH[ackhka w;=ßka

§¾>ia:dkfhys §¾>h u" y%iajia:dkfhys y%iajh u hehs fufia

iqÿiq ;ek ta ta wl=r u lshkakd úiska wkql%ud.; m%fõ‚h úkdY

fkdlrkakdyq úiska l¾u jdlHh lghq;af;a h' fuys zwkql%ud.;

m%fõ‚h ms<sn|j úu;súfkdaokS àldfjys fuf,i i|yka fõ' hï

jpkhla jkdys ziÉÑl;a: mru;af:akZ hehs lsh hq;= l,ays

ziÉÑlÜG mruÜfGakZ hehs o zw;a:l:dZ hehs lsj hq;= l,ays

zwÜGl:dZ hehs ta ta ;ek lshkq ,efí o tn÷ jQ md,s w¾:l:djkays

ÿIag m%fhda.hla ;okqrEmhla lSï jYfhka lsÍug iqÿiqh' thska

wkslla kqiqÿiqh' tneúka zwkqlalud.; mfõ‚x wúkdikaf;akZ hkdÈh lSy' bÈka fufia fkdfldg §¾>h lsj hq;af;ys y%iajh o

y%iajh lsj hq;af;ys §¾>h o lshd kï tfia u .relh lsj hq;af;ys

,yqlh o ,yqlh lsj hq;af;ys .relh o lshd kï iïnkaOh lsj

hq;af;ys jj;aÓ;h o jj;aÓ;h lsj hq;af;ys iïnkaOh o lshd kï

fufia ls l,ays l¾u jdlHh fldamH fkdfõ' fï IâjH[ackfhda

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2

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64

1' iu'md IV 1043 msg fya'uq'2' -tu- 3' hx ys iÉÑl;a: mru;af:akdZ ;s j;a;ífí iÉÑlÜG mruÜfGakd ;s p w;a:l:d;s j;a;ífí

wÜGl:d;s p ;;a: ;;a: jqÉp;s" ;f;d w[a[x k jÜg;s" f;kdy wkqlalud.; mfõ‚x wúkdfikaf;akd;s wdÈ '''''' úu;úfkdaokS" ixia" fír;=vqfõ OïudOdr;siai f:r 1937" 510 msg

p;=¾úO l¾u

l¾u jdlHh ¥IH fkdlr;s' iQ;%dka;sl f;ryQ jkdys zo Z ldrh z;Z

ldrhg meñfKa' z;Z ldrh zoZ ldrhg meñfKa' zpZ ldrh

zcZldrhg meñfKa' zc' ldrh zpZ ldrhg meñfKa' zhZ ldrh zlZ

ldrhg meñfKa' zlZ ldrh zhZ ldrhg meñfKa' tneúka zo Z

ldrdÈh lsj hq;= ;kays z;Z ldrdÈh lSu úreoaO fkdfõ hehs lsh;s'

ta lSu l¾u jdlHh iïnkaOj fkdjà' tneúka úkhOrhd úiska

zo Z ldrh z;Z ldrh fkdlg hq;=h" z;Z ldrh zo Z ldrh fkdlg

hq;=h' zpZ ldrh zcZ ldrh fkdlg hq;= h" zcZ ldrh zpZldrh

fkdlg hq;=h' zhZ ldrh zlZ ldrh fkdlg hq;=h' zlZ ldrh zhZ

ldrh fkdlg hq;=h' fm<g wkql+,j ksrela;sh fYdaOkh fldg

oiúO jH[ack ksrela;sfhys fodia ÿre lrkakdyq úiska l¾u

jdlHh lghq;af;ah' fjkia whqrlska lSu zidjkh msßfy<d kñZhs

o; hq;=h' fkdl,ays wkqidjkh lsÍu hkq m<uqj wkqidjk

l¾uh fldg miqj [;a;sh ;eîuhs' wkqidjkhg wh;a by; ±lajQ

fodaI mfyka hqla; ùu zwkqidjk úm;a;sZ jk w;r tajdfhka f;dr

ùu uzwkqidjk iïm;a;sZ kï fõ'

iSud jYfhka fldamHùu hkq zw;sLqoaêl" w;suy;s"

LKavksñ;a;" Pdhdksñ;a;" wksñ;a;" nysiSfuÁ;iïu;"

k§iïu;" iuqoaoiïu;" cd;iairiïu;" iSudhiSux iïNskaok"

iSudhiSux wÊf®d;a;rKZ hk tfldf<dia wdldrfhka isÿjk '

iSud úm;a;shhs' tys w;sLqoaêliSudj kï hï iSudjl hg;a

msßfihska l¾udry NslaIqj iuÕ NslaIQka 21 kulg

mßuKav,dldrfhka ys£ug fkdyels fõ o thhs' l=rekaÈ

wgqjdfjys jksyd zh;a: tlùi;s NslaLq ksiSÈ;=x k ilafldka;sZ

hehs lshk ,oafoah' tneúka fun÷ hï iSudjla fõ o th iïu;

lr ;snqK o iïu; fkdfõ' .%dulafIa;%hla n÷ u fõ' tys lrk ,o

úkh l¾u fldamH fõ' w;suy;siSud kï hï iSudjla fliÕla

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5

65

1' iu'md IV" 1043 msg fya'uq'

2' iu'md' IV, 1043 - 1044 msg fya'uq'3' mßjdrmd,s II 302 msg4' úkh;a:u[acqid àld" ixia' hQ'mS' talkdhl" 1912' 16 msg 5' iu'md' IV" 1044 msg fya'uq'


muKlsksÿ ;=kafhdÿk blAujd iïu; lrhs o thhs' iSudfõ Wmßu

m%udKh úYd,;ajfhka ;=ka fhdÿkls' fliÕla muK fyda tu

fhdÿka ;=ka blaujd iSudjla iïu; lrkafka kï th wksuy;s

hk úm;a iSud ixLHdjg wh;a fõ' zLKavksñ;a;iSudZ hkq ksñ;s

fkd.eàu hehs lshkq ,efí' noaO iSudjla iïu; lsÍfï §

kef.kysr Èidfjys ksñ;a; lS¾;kh fldg ms<sfj<ska ol=Kq

Èidfjys ngysr Èidfjys W;=re Èidfjys ksñ;a lS¾;kh fldg

kej; kef.kysr Èidfjys m<uqj lS¾;kh l< ksñ;a; lS¾;kh

fldgu wjika l< hq;=h' fufia wLKav ksñ;a; fjhs' bÈka

ms<sfj<ska wjq;a W;=re Èidfjys ksñ;a; lS¾;kh fldg tys u ;nhs

o LKav ksñ;a; fõ' tneúka kef.kysr Èidfjka mgka f.k hï

hï Èidjkag wNsuqLj ksñ;s msysgqjd ;sfí o ta ta Èidjka g wNsuqLj

we;s ksñ;s ms<sfj<ska lS¾;kh fldg wjq;a kej; kef.kysr

Èidfõ we;s uq,ska lS¾;kh l< ksñ;a; lS¾;kh lghq;=h' tfia

isÿ lsÍfuka ksñ;s lS¾;kh ksjerÈ f,i isÿ l<d fõ' kej;

kef.kysr Èidfjys we;s m<uqj lS¾;kh l< ksñ;a; lS¾;kh

fkdlsÍfuka LKavksñ;a; hk úm;a iSudj yg.kS' ;j o

ksñ;a;=m. fkdjQ wrgqj ke;s .ila fyda lKqjla fyda miaf.dve,s

je,sf.dve,s w;=ßka tlla w;r;=r tals ksñ;a;la fldg iïu;

lrk ,oafoa fõ o fuh o LKav ksñ;a; kï fõ' Pdhdksñ;a;iSud

kï m¾j;Pdhd§ka w;=ßka hï lsis Pdhdjla ksñ;a; fldg iïu;

lrk ,oafoa fõo thhs' tneúka iSudiïu; lrkakjqka úiska

mín;" mdidk" jk" relaL" u.a." jïñl" k§" Wol hk ksñ;s wg

o; hq;=h' tajd w;=ßka ksñ;s tl u j¾.hlska fyda j¾.

fol;=klska fyda ñY% fldg iSudj iïu; lsÍug iqÿiq h' iSudj

n¢kq ,nk l,ays tla ksñ;a;lska fyda follska fyda ne£ug

kqmq¿jk' ksñ;s ;=fka mgka ne£ug mq¿jk' ksñ;s ms<sn|j

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66

1' iu'md' IV" 1044 msg fya'uq'2' -tu-

3' iu'md' , 1044 msg fya'uq'lxLdú;rŒ ud;slÜGl:d" ixia' lr|k ðkr;k ysñ" 1930 04 msg fya'uq'

4' lxLdú;rKS ud;slÜGl:d" ixia lr|k ðkr;k ysu 1930" 05 msg fya'uq'

IV

p;=¾úO l¾u

Wfmdai:laLkaOl wgqjdfjys yd md,suq;a;l úkhúksÉPfhys

jeäúia;r we;=<;a fõ' wksñ;a;iSud kï hï iSudjla ish,af,ka

ish,a, ksñ;s lS¾;kh fkdfldg iïu; lrk ,oafoa fõ o thhs'

nysiSfuÀ;iïu;iSud hkq ksñ;s ls¾;kh fldg ksñ;sj,ska

neyer isg iïu; lsÍuhs' tneúka ksjerÈ f,i ksñ;s lS¾;kh

lr.;a miq tu lS¾;kh l< ksñ;s we;=<; u isg l¾ujdlH lshd

iïu; lghq;=h' tu ksñ;sj,ska neyer isg l¾ujdlHh lSfuka

iSudj iïu; fkdfõ' kÈfhys iïu;" iuqøfhys iïu;"

cd;iairfhys iïu; iSud hkq k§ wdÈfhys hï noaO iSudjla

iïu; lrhs o tu noaOiSudj iïu; lf<a jqj o —iínd NslaLfõ"

k§ wiSud iífnda iuqoafoda wiSfuda iífnda cd;iaifrda wiSfuda˜

hk nqoaOjpkfhka iïu; fkdfõ' k§iuq;a;cd;iairhkays

noaOiSud iïu; lsÍug kqmq¿jk' tu k§ wdÈh noaO iSudjkag

ia:dkfhda fkdfj;s' tajd wnoaO iSud ixLHd; jQ Wol=lafLm

iSudjg ia:dkfhda fj;s' ziSudfjka iSudj iïNskaokh lsÍuZ hkq

;ukaf.a iSudfjka fjk;a iSudjla iïnkaO fldg iïu; lsÍuhs'

noaOiSudjla iïu; lr we;s me/‚ úydrhl wNskj iSudjla

iïu; lsÍfï§ mer‚ iSudfjka fldgila fkd±kqj;aj fyda >gd

iïu; lrkafka kï th úm;a iSudjla fõ' iïu; lrk ,o wNskj

iSudj iïu; fkdfõ' —iSudhiSux wÊf®d;a;rK iSudZ hkq

;ukaf.a iSudfjka fjk;a noaO iSudjla hg fldg iïu; lsÍuhs'

tkï fjk;a noaOiSudjla uq¿ukska u fyda fldgila fyda we;=<;a

fldg wNskj noaO iSudjla iïu; lrhs o th iSudh iSux

wÊf®d;a;rKaf;ak iïu;d ixLHdjg hhs' iSud ms<sn| jeä

úia;r Wfmdi:laLkaO wgqjdfjys iy tu àldjkays ±lafõ' by;

±lajQ tfldf<dia úm;a iSudjkays isÿlrkq ,nk ish¨ u

úkhl¾ufhda wisoaêhg m;a fj;s'

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67

1' iu'md' III" 776 msg fya'uq'md,suq;a;l úkhúksÊPh" ixia' foys.iafma m[a[didr ysñ" 1931" 174'

2' lxLdú;rKS ud;slÜGl:d" ixia' lr|k ðkr;k ysñ" 1930" 05 msg fya'uq'

3' iu'md IV" 1044 msg fya'uq' $ uydj.a." Wfmdi:laLkaOl'

4' uydj.a. I" Wfmdi:laLkaOl'5' lxLdú;rKS ud;slÜGl:d" ixia' lr|k ðkr;k ysñ" 1930" 05 msg fya'uq'


msßi jYfhka fldamH ùu hkq úkh l¾u i|yd

zp;=jd¾.sl" mxpjd¾.sl" oijd¾.sl" ùi;sjd¾.sl" w;sf¾l

ùi;sjd¾.slZ hk NslaIQka msßisÿ iS,fhka iukaú;j fkdisàu

fyj;a mßð wej;lg m;aj isàuhs' msßi jYfhka fldamH ùfï§

úkh l¾u fodf<dia whqrlska wisoaêhg m;a fõ'

1' p;=jd¾.sl l¾ufhys hï muK NslaIQyQ l¾um%dma; fõ o Tjqyq

fkdmeñ‚hdyq fj;s' Pkaohg iqÿiq jQjkaf.a Pkaoh

fkdf.fkk ,oafoa fõ' iïuqÇN+; NslaIQyQ málafldaikh

^je<elaùu& flfr;a'

2' p;=jd¾.sl l¾ufhys hï muK NslaIQyQ l¾um%dma; fj;a o

Tjqyq meñ‚hdyq fj;s' Pkaohg iqÿiqjQjkaf.a Pkao f.k

fkdtk ,oafoa fõ' iïuÇN+; NslaIQyQ málafldaik flfr;a'

3' p;=jd¾.sl l¾ufhys hï muK NslaIQyQ l¾um%dma; fj;a o

Tjqyq meñ‚hdyq fj;a' Pkaohg iqÿiq jQjkaf.a Pkaoh f.fkk

,oafoa fõ' iïuqÇN+; NslaIQyq málafldaikh lrk ,oaodyq

fj;s'

mxpjd¾.sl" oijd¾.sl" ùi;sjd¾.sl l¾uhkays§ o fï

wdldrfhka u o; hq;= w;r fuf,i fodf<dia whqrlska msßi

jYfhka l¾u fldamH fõ'

p;=jd¾.sl l¾uhl§ NslaIQyQ i;r kula l¾um%dma; jk

w;r tu i;r ku msßisÿ iS,fhka iukaú; úh hq;=h' msßisÿ

iS,fhka iukaú; ùu hkq mßð weje;lg m;aj fkdisàuhs' tu

y;r ku p;=jd¾.sl l¾uhg iajdóyq jk neúka Tjqkaf.a Pkaoh

fyda mdßY=oaêh fyda fkdmeñfK;a' úydriSudj ;=< fiiq NslaIQka

ishkula muK isáh o Tjqyq iudk ixjdil kï Pkaohg iqÿiq

fj;s' tu Pkaohg iqÿiq jQjkaf.ka Pkaoh fyda .; hq;=h'

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68

1' mßjdrmd,s II" lïuj.a." 302 msg

2' iu'md IV, lïuj.a." 1045 msg fya'uq'3' - tu -

p;=¾úO l¾u

fkdtfia kï tu iSudfjka fyda neyer l< hq;=h' fuf,i tu

iSudj ;=< Pkaohg iqÿiq jQ NslaIQkaf.ka Pkaoh fkdf.k úkh

l¾u isÿ lsÍfuka ix>hd j¾.ùfuka úkh l¾u wisoaêhg m;a fõ'

uydj.a.md,s Wfmdi:laLkaOfhys ta nj zk;afõj j.af.ak

ixf>ak lïux ld;ínx lfrhH fÉ" wdm;a;s ÿlalgiaiZ hkqfjka

i|yka fõ'

Pkaomdßjdish

úkh l¾uhkg Pkao§fï§ iy f.ktafï§ úfYaIfhka

o;hq;= lreKq we;' Pkaoh fok iy .kakd NslaIqj Tjqfkdjqka

w;ami ^ßhka folyudrl ÿrlska& isáh hq;=h' Pkaoh Èh hq;af;a

Wmimka NslaIqjlg jk w;r Pkaoh .; hq;af;a o Wmimka

NslaIqjlf.ka u h' Pkaoh .kakd jQ NslaIqjlg Pkaodry NslaIQka

ishkulf.ka jqj o Pkaoh .; yelsh' Pkaoh §u lhska o

jpkfhka o lhska yd jpkfhka o isÿl< yel' Pkaoh .;a NslaIqj

iÕueog meñŒfuka u Pkaoh meu‚hd fõ' NslaIqjla fjk;a

NslaIqjlf.ka Pkaoh .;a úg tu .;a Pkaoh wka NslaIqjlg §ug

kqmq¿jk' tu Pkaoh .;a NslaIqjf.a ish Pkaoh fjk;a NslaIqjlg

§ug yels jqj o ;uka uq,ska .;a fjk;a NslaIqjlf.a Pkaoh iÕ

ueog fkdmeñfKhs' fuh zì<d, ixL,sl PkaoodkZ kñka

ye¢kafõ' úkhúksÉPfhys 2664 .d:dfjys o fï nj i|yka fõ'

—Pkafoaflak nyqkakïms yd;ífnda mdßiqoaëms"

mrïmrdyfgda Pkafoda k .ÉP;s úiqoaêhd'˜

Pkaoydrl NslaIqj Pkaoh f.kjq;a iÕ ueo§ ±k ±k th

m%ldY fkdlrhs kï Pkaoydrl NslaIqjlg ÿl=,d weje;la fõ'

kuq;a Pkaoh iÕ ueog meñ‚fha fõ'

1

2

3

4

5

69

1' uydj.a. I, Wfmdi:laLkaOl" 290 msg2' -tu - 3' iu'md' III" 792 msg fya'uq'4' úksYaphd¾:§mkS kï úkhúksÉPh úia;rd¾: jdlHdkh

,xldf.dv Y%s ërdkkao ysñ" 1957" 586 msg

5' uydj.a. I, Wfmdi:laLkaOl" 292' msg" 74 jðrnqoaêàld" mdßjdisl Pkaoodk islaLdmo'


p;=jd¾.sl l¾uhl§ Pkao meñKùug wju jYfhka

Wmimka NslaIQka i;r kula o mxpjd¾.sl l¾uhl§ Wmimka

NslaIQka miakula o isáh hq;=h' thska tla kula fyda wvq jqjfyd;a

Pkaoh fkdmeñfKa' oijd¾.sl l¾uhl§ Pkaoh meñKùug

Wmimka NslaIQka oi kula isáh hq;=h' oYjd¾.sl ix>hdg

meñfKk Pkaoh p;=jd¾.sl yd mxpjd¾.sl ix>hdg fkdmeñfKa'

ùi;sjd¾.sl l¾uhl§ Pkaoh meñKùug wju jYfhka Wmimka

NslaIQka úiskula isáh hq;=h'

mdßjdisl Pkaofhka úkh l¾u isÿ lrkafka kï thska o

l¾u wisoaêhg m;a jkq we;' mdßjdisl Pkaoh hkq l,a bl=;a jQ

^ú.;& Pkaohhs' mdßjdish isõjeoEreï fõ' tkï mßi" r;a;s" Pkao"

wÊ®dih mdßjdi hkqfjks' fuu mdßjdish l%u i;r w;=ßka

tllau jQ Pkaomdßjdisfhka úkh l¾u wisoaêhg m;a jk w;r

jðrnqoaê àldfjys fï ms<sn| jeä úia;r i|yka fõ'

p;=jd¾.sl l¾uhl NslaI q‚hl" idufKaßhl"

idufKarhl= YslaIudkdjl" mßð jQjl=" ud;=>d;lhl=" mS;=>d;l="

f,d ay s; =m amdolhl= " ix>fNaolhl= N sl aL qk S ¥Ilhl=

wryka;>d;lhl=" ;s %úO WlaÅ;a;lhka w;=ßka tll=

^lïukdkdixjdilhl=&" kdkdixjdilhl= ^,íê&" ;s;aÓh

mlaLka;lhl= " WNf;d a nH[acklhl= " mKavlhl=

f:hHixjdilhl=" ;srÉPdk.;slhl=" kdkdiSudjl isáhl="

iDoaêfhka wyfiys isáhl= hk fudjqkaf.ka ljqreka fyda

.KmQrKh fldg l¾u lrkafka kï tu l¾u" isoaêhg m;a

fkdfõ'

msßfjia udkka fok" uQ,dhmáliaikh lrkq ,nk"

wíNdkh lrkq ,nk" úkh l¾uhkays § mdßjdisl ̂msßfjia mqrk&"

udkdka;dry" udkka;pdßl" uQ,dh máliaikdry" wíNdkdry

hk NslaIQka isõjeks fldg fyda úisjeks fldg tu úkh l¾u isÿ

1

2

3

4

70

1' jðrnqoaêàld" mdßjdisl Pkaoodk islaLdmo'2' z;;a: p;=íNsOx mdßjdishx mßimdßjdishx" r;a;smdßjdishx" Pkaomdßjdishx

wÊ®dihmdßjdishka;s; iu'md' II, NslaLqkS úNx." 702 msg fya'uq'" wÊ®dimdßjdiska;s ; 3' jðrnqoaêàld" mdßjdisl Pkaoodk islaLdmo4' uydj.a. II" pïfmhHlaLkaOl" 774 msg

p;=¾úO l¾u

lsÍfuka wisoaêhg m;a fõ' tneúka tn÷ jQ l¾uhkays § by; lS

NslaIQka .K mQrKh fldg úkh l¾u fkdl< hq;=h' fiiq

l¾uhkays § .K mQ¾h fõ'

málafldaikh

iïuqÇN+; NslaIQkaf.a málafldaikfhka o isÿlrkq ,nk

úkh l¾u fldamH fõ' ij. ^Pín.a.sh& NslaIQyQ iÕ ueo wO¾u

l¾u l<y' bkamiq Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia zk NslaLfõ" wOïulïux

ld;ínx fhda lfrhH" wdm;a;s ÿlalgiaiZ hkqfjka wO¾ul¾u

fkdl< hq;= nj;a hfula lrkafka Tyqg ÿl=<d weje;la jk nj;a

mKjd jod< fial' miqj o ij. NslaIQka iÕ ueo wO¾u l¾u isÿ

l< fyhska zwkqcdkdñ NslaLfõ" wOïulïfï lhsrudfka

málafldais;=xZ hkqfjka uyfKks" wO¾ul¾u lrkq ,nk l,ays

j<ld,kakg wkqoksñ hehs foiQy' iqfmai, NslaIQyQ ij. NslaIQka

wO¾ul¾u lrkq ,nk l,ays málafldaikh lr;s' fuys § ij.

NslaIQyQ fldam jQy' bkamiq Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia zwkqcdkdñ

NslaLfõ" ÈÜÀïms wúld;=xZ hkqfjka uyfKks" oDIaáh m%ldY

lsÍug wkqoksñ hhs foiQ fial' tfia o lrkq ,nk l,ays ij.

NslaIQyQ lsmqKdy' wk;=rej Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia zwkqcdkdñ

NslaLfõ" p;+ys mxpys málafldais;=x' oaùys ;Sys ÈÜÀx wdúld;=x

tflak wêÜGd;=x k fï ;x Lu;sZ hkqfjka i;r miafokl=ka

úiska j<ld<kakg;a fo;=ka fofkl=ka úiska oDIaáh m%ldY

lsÍug;a tll= úiska fuh ug reÑ fkdfõ hehs bgkakg;a wkq±k

jod< fial' tys zmálafldais;=xZ hkq je<elaùugh'

^málafldais;=ka;s jdfr;=x& ÈÜÀïms wdúld;=x hkq fuu wO¾u

l¾uh ug reÑ fkdfõ hehs fufia wfkll=f.a iómfhys ;udf.a

oDIaáh m%ldY lsÍuh' ^ÈÜÀïms wdúld;=ka;s zwOïulïux box k

fï Lu;SZ ;s tajx w[a[iai ika;sfla w;a;fkda ÈÜÀx mldfia;=x&

p;=ys mxpys hkdosh Tjqkag Wmøjhka fkdjkq ms‚i lshk

1

2

3

71

1' uydj.a. II" pïfmhHlaLkaOl" 778 msg

2' iu'md IV, mdßjdisllaLkaOl jKaKkd" 867 msg fya'uq'3' uydj.a. I" Wfmdi:laLkaOl" 276 msg


' ,oafoah' ^p;=ysmxpyS;s wdÈ f;aix wkqmoaoj;a:dh jq;a;x& fï nj

úkh úksÉPfhys 3100 .d:dfjys o fuf,i i|yka fõ'

—wêÜGdkx mfkaZliai oaúkakx jd ;sKakfïj jd" ÈÜGdúlïuuqoaÈÜGx ;f;da WoaOx ksjdrKx'˜ hkqfjks'

úkhúksÉPfh i|yka fuu .d:dj ms<sn|j úkh úksÉPh

àldfjys fuf,i úia;r fõ' ix>hd úiska wOd¾ñl l¾u lrkq

,nk l,ays th je<elaùug fkdyels jkakl= úiska fyda fkdyels

jkakjqka úiska ms<smeÈh hq;= wdldrh ±laùug zwêÜGdkxZ hkdÈh

lSy' wOd¾ñl l¾u lrkq ,nk NslaIQkaa w;frys ys| wOd¾ñl

l¾uhla hehs ±k th je<elaùug fkdyels jkakdjQ tla NslaIqjlg

zk fï;x Lu;SZ hehs is;ska wêIaGdkh lsÍug Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia

úiska Wfoik ,oafoa fjhs' zoaúkakx jd lsKaKqfïj jdZ hkq tn÷ jQ

wOd¾ñl l¾uhla je<elaúug fkdyels jkakdjQ NslaIQka

fofofkl=g fyda ;=ka fofkl=g tlsfkld zk fï;x Lu;sZ hehs

ÈÜGdúlïuh fyj;a iajlSh woyi ̂ oDIaáh& m%ldY lsÍug Wfoik

,oafoa h hk woyihs' z;f;da WoaOxZ hkq ;=kakulg jvd jeä ùuh'

NslaIQka ;=kakug jvd jeä jQ l,ays zbox wOïulïux ud lfrda:Z

hehs m%;slafIamkh Wfoik ,oafoa h hk wre;hs' NslaLqkS

úNx.fhys isõjeks ix>dÈfiai isl mofha ksodkfhys l,y újdo

lrk" ix>hd fj; wêlrK we;slrk" pKavld,S NslaIq‚hg

ix>hd l¾u lrkq ,nk l,ays :q,a,kkaod NslaIq‚h tu l¾u

málafldaikh l< nj i|yka fõ' bkamiq :q,a,kkaod NslaIq‚h

lsishï lghq;a;la i|yd .ug .sh wjia:djl§ NslaIqŒ ix>hd /ia

j pKavld,S NslaIqŒhg weje;a fkd±lSfuys WlafÄmkSh l¾uh

l<y' fuu isÿùug wkqj tla mqoa.,hl=f.a jqj o

málafldaikfhka úkh l¾uh wisoaêhg m;ajk nj o; hq;=h'

1

2

3

4

72

1' iu'md' III Wfmdi:laLkaOl 790 msg fya'uq'2' úksYaphd¾;§mkS kï úkhúksÉPh úia;rd¾: jdlHdkh

,xldf.dv › ërdkkao ysñ" 1957" 688 msg

3' úkh úksÉPh àld" mlsKaKlkh úkh úksÉPh" PÜGix.dhkd" 352 - 353 msg4' mdÑ;a;sh md,s II" NslaLqkS úNx.' 48 - 50 msg

p;=¾úO l¾u

Od¾ñl úkh l¾u málafldaikh fkdl< hq;= w;r

Pkaoh fyda ldh idu.%sh fkd§ isáh fkdhq;=h' Od¾ñl úkh l¾u

málafldaikh lsÍfuka ÿl=<djlg m;a jk w;r Pkaoh fyda

ldhidu.s%h fkd§ isàfuka o ÿl=<d weje;lg m;a fõ' ta nj úkh

úksÉPfhys 2600 .d:dfjys meyeÈ,sj i|yka fõ'

—fldfm;=x Oïñlx lïux málafldafihH ÿlalgx"

Pkaox jd ldhidu.a.sx wfoka;iaims ÿlalgx'˜

iÕ ueo we;eul=f.a málafldaikh rEykh fõ'

we;eul=f.a málafldaikh rEykh fkdfõ' ^NslaLqkshlf.a"

islaLudkdjlf.a" idufKar hkd§kaf.a málafldaik iÕ ueo

rEykh fkdfõ'& ljrl=f.a málafldaikh iÕ ueo rEykh fõ o

h;a ( úkh l¾uhla i|yd ix>hd /iaj iudk ixjdil iSudjl

isg th isÿ lrkq ,nk l,ays m%lD;s NslaIqjla hg;a msßfihska

;uka wi, isák NslaIqjlg fyda okajhs kï Tyqf.a málafldaikh

rEykh fõ' by; i|yka l< we;eul=f.a málafldaikh iÕ ueo

rEykh fõ h hkak iuka;mdidÈld úkh wgqjdfjys ztliai

N sl aLfõ ix>uÊfCè mál afld aikd rEy; S; s wdÈ

mál=Üglglïuiai l=mamdl=mamNdjoiaik;a:x jq;a;xZ hkqfjka

zmálafldaikh lrk ,o l¾uhdf.a fldamH wfldamH Ndjh ±laùu

ms‚i lshk ,oafoaZ hehs i|yka fldg we;' wgqjdfjys tk

zl=mamdl=mamoiaika:xZ hk m%ldYhg wkqj tla NslaIqjlf.a

málafldaikfhka jqj o úkh l¾u wisoaêhg m;a jk nj ukdj

meyeÈ,sh' bÈka l¾uh mgka f.k fkdksñ l,ays hfula th

málafldaikh lrhs o Tyqg lreKq yÕjd ^wjfndaO lrjd& tu

l¾uh kej; l< hq;=h' fï nj úkhúksÉPfhys o ^1669

.d:dfjys& i|yka fõ'

1

2

3

4

73

1' úksYaphd¾:§mkS kï úkhúksÉPh úia;rd¾: jdlHdkh,xldf.dv Y%S ërdkkao ysñ" 1957" 575 msg

2' uydj.a. II" pïfmhHlaLkaOl 780" msg3' iu'md' III pïfmhHlaLkaOl" 851 msg fya'uq'4' lxLdú;rKS ud;slÜGl:d" ixia' lr|k ðkr;k ysñ" 1930" 126 msg fya'uq'


—ifÉ úmamlf;a lïfï málafldai;s ;x mqk" i[a[dfm;ajdZj ld;índx k mkZ[a[;d'˜

fuys,d lreKq yeÕùu hkafkka woyia flfrkafka l<

l¾uhdf.a ksjerÈ nj fyj;a Od¾ñl nj tu málafldaikh l<

NslaIqjg okajd l¾uh kej; lsÍuhs' by; olajk ,o wdldrhg

msßi fya;=fldg f.k l¾ufhda fldamH fj;s'

kuq;a fuys,d úfYaIfhka o; hq;a;la we;' tkï

málafldaikfhys ,d wju iSudj olajk Nd.Hj;ka jykafia

pïfmhHlaLkaOlfha§ zwka;ufida wdkkakßliaidms NslaLqfkda

ú[a[dfmka;iai ix>uÊfCè málafldaikd rEy;sZ hehs foaYkd

l< fyhska yqfola zk fï;x Lu;sZ hehs wêIaGdk jYfhka lrkq

,nk málafldaikh u.ska muKla l¾uh fldamH jk njla

fmfkkakg ke;' tfia kï wêIaGdk jYfhka lrkq ,nk

málafldaikh ksr¾:l ±hs flfkl=g m%Yakhla mek ke`.sh

yelsh' wêIaGdk jYfhka ±lafjk málafldaikh foaYkd fldg

we;af;a wOd¾ñl l¾uhkag ldhidu.s%h §u fya;=fjka isÿjk

wdm;a;sfhka ñ§fï Wmdhla jYfhks'

wmf,dalk l¾ud§ p;=¾úO úkh l¾u isoaêhg m;aùug

kï tajd by; ±lajQ jia;= wd§ fldamHùulska f;drj isÿ l< hq;=

w;r tfia fkdue;sj yqfola úkh l¾u isÿ l< mu‚ka bka

wfmalaIs; ls%hdj,sh úkhdkql+,j isoaêhg m;a fkdjkjd fia u

úkh m%{ma;Ska mekùfuka Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia wfmalaId l<

mrud¾: o tu.ska bgq fkdjk nj;a úfYaIfhka o; hq;=h'

1

2

3

74

1' úksYaphd¾:§mkS kï úkhúksÉPh úia;rd¾: jdlHdkh" ,xldf.dv Y%S ërdkkao ysñ" 1957" 368 msg

2' zi[a[dfm;ajd;s ;klïuiai wkjÊcNdjx [dfm;ajd"Z úkhúkÉPh àld' 1669 .d:dj3' uydj.a. II" pïfmhHlaLkaOl" 780 msg

p;=¾úO l¾u

wgqjdj ms<sn| flá ye¢kaùula

nqÿiiqk jQ l,S mßh;a;s Ydikh" m%;sm;a;s Ydikh"

m%;sfõo Ydikh hkqfjka f;jeoEreï jkakls' msgl;%h

ix.Dys; jQ ish¨ u nqoaOjpkh tys mßh;a;sh neõ m%lg h'

f;f,ia Oq;.=K" ;=ÿia l÷j;a" iS," iudê úmiaikdfjda m%;sm;a;s

Ydikh jk w;r i;r u. M, ksjk jkdys m%;sfõO Ydikh

kï fj;s'

mßh;a;s Ydikfhys we;=<;a nqoaO NdIs;h jkdys ri

jYfhka tlaúO h" O¾u úkh jYfhka fojeoEreï h" m%:u uOHu"

mYaÑu jYfhka ;s%úO h" tfia u msgl jYfhka o ;s%úO h" ksldh

jYfhka mxpúO h' wx. jYfhka kj úO h' iq;a;" f.hH"

fjhHdlrK" .d:d" Wodk" b;sjq;a;l" cd;l" wíN+;Oïu" fõo<ay

hkqfjka msgl;%h mßhdmkak jQ kjx.i;a:q Ydikh yeoEÍfuys

wdksixi y;rla wx.=;a;r p;=lal ksmd;fhys fida;dkqO;

iQ;%fhys olajd we;' tneúka iiqkang l=, mq;%hka fldhs ljqre;a

mdfya yels yels whqßka ;s%msgl mßhma;s Ydikh fm!rdKsl

f:rjd§ uydúydÍh l%ufõohg wkqj yeoEÍug W;aidyj;a úh

hq;=h' th jQ l,S iiqka ÈhqKqjg Rcqj u fya;=jkakla neõ o o;

hq;=h'

wgqjdj

—wdpßhjdfoda kdfuda Oïu iå>dyflays mx[apys

wryka;if;ays Gms;x md<s úksïuq;a;d Tlalka;sl

úksÉPhmj;a;d wÜGl:d;ka;s˜ hkqfjka iuka;mdidÈldfjys

—wdpd¾hjdoh kï O¾u ix.dyl mkaishhla uyry;ka jykafia,d

úiska ;nk ,o fmf<ka ñÿKq nei.;a úksYaph mj;akd wÜGl:d

;ka;sh hkqfjka wgqjdj fyj;a wdpd¾hjdoh ms<sn| tkakd jQ

úia;r újrKhls fï' iq;a;" iq;a;dkqf,dau" wdpd¾hjdo"

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75

1' iqux.,ú,diskS I msg 11-12 fya'uq'2' wx.=;a;rksldh II msg 358 nq'c';s%'3' iu'md I msg 162 fya'uq'


w;a;fkdau;s hkqfjka mejfik p;=¾úO úkfhys oelafjk

;=kajekak wdpd¾hjdoh kï jQ wgqjdjhs' ñ,skao m%Yakfhys wdyÉp

mo" ri" wdpßh jxi" wêmamdh hkqfjka mejfikafka o by;ska lS

p;=¾úO úkh uehs' tys wdpßhjxi kï hf:dala; wgqjdj neõ

ksYaYs; h' úkh md<sfhys fkdfhla ;ek mejfik —Woafoai

mßmqÉPd˜ folska mjd lshjkqfha fm<" wgqjd fol h' wgqjdfjys

—Woafoafia;s md<s mßhdmqkfka mßmqÉPdhd;s w;a: ijfka˜

hkqfjka mjik ,oafoka Wla; ldrKh m%lgh' tneúka fm<

oyfuys wre;a ;eîu fyj;a w;a:ixj¾KKd l%uh nqÿ mshdKka

jykafia Èjuka l,ays u meje;a;la neõ o; hq;=h'

hf:dala; w¾: ixj¾KKdj isÿlrk neúka ksre;a;s khska

—w;af:da lÒh;s ta;dhd;s w;a:l:d ;a:ldriai ÜGldrx l;ajd˜

hkqfjka th lrkfldg w¾:h lshkafka kqhs w;a:l;d ̂ w¾:l;d&

kñ' z;a:ldrhgZ zÜGldrhZ fldg th u wÜGl:d fõ hehs

mjik ,§' ta ta ;ek Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska mj;ajk ,o

m%lS¾Kl foaYkh wgqjdj neõ —;;a: ;;a: N.j;d mj;a;s;

mlsKakl foaYkdj wÜGl:d˜ hkqfjka i|yka h' t wgqjdj

jkdyS O¾u ix.dyl 500la uyry;ka jykafia,d úiska" m<uqj

;=ka msglh ix.dhkd fldg tys w¾: ixj¾KdkqrEm jQ

jdpkdud¾.h wdfrdams; neúka wdpd¾hjdo hkqfjka

idr;a:§mksfhys u i|yka h'

jðrnqoaê àldfjys o ish¨ wgqjdjka ix.S;hg kxjd

fmf<ka fjkafldg fjk u ;nk ,oaola nj i|yka h'

ix.S;s;%hg u kxjk ,o nqoaO jpkhdf.a w¾: ixj¾Kkdj jQ

l;dud¾.h ñys÷ uyry;ka jykafia úiska ;ïnmKa‚ §mhg

f.k tk ,ÿj miqj ;ïnmKa‚ §mfhys uyf;rjre úiska

ksldh;ka;r ixlr ,íê ÿre lsÍu msKsi isy< NdIdfjka ;nk

1

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4

5

6

7

76

1' ñ,skao m[ay msg 135 fya'uq'2' uydj.a. md<s I ms' 176 nq'c';s%'3' iu'md' III msg 741 fya'uq'4' ixhqla; àld" .%ka:drïNl l;d jkaKkd" û'P'ix&5' idr;a:§mkS àld msg 18" ixia' udfndamsáfha fïOÙlr ysñ 1933

6' idr;a:§mkS àld msg 16" ixia' udfndamsáfha fïOÙlr ysñ 1933

7' jðrnqoaê àld" .%ka:drïNl j¾Kkd


,oaola neõ idr;a:§mksfhys mejfia' §.d.u wgqjd wdÈfhys mjd

nqoaOf>daI uydiajdóka hf:dala; ldrKh olajk ,oafoa fufia he'

—w;a;mamldik;a:x wÜGl:d wdÈf;da jiSif;ays -

m[apys hd ix.S;d wkqix.S;dp mÉPdms"

iSy,§mx mk wdN;dZ: jiskd uyduyskafoak -

Gms;d iSy< Ndidh §mjdiSk u;a:dh'˜

iõflf<iqka keiQ m%Nskak m%;siïNsodm%dma; uyry;=ka

jykafia,d nqÿrÿka fkdu foiQjla fkdu mjikakdy' nqÿ ysñhka

iómfhys jQ wdkkaod§ ´ri mq;%fhda nqoaO wdOHdih uekúka o;a

neúka wgqjdfjys —nqoaOdkx ys mßid wÊ®dih l=i,dfydka;s˜

hkqfjka nqÿrcdKka jykafia,df.a msßi jkdys woyia ±k.ekSug

olaI fj;a hehs mjik ,oaody' tneúka w¾: ixj¾Kkdj fyj;a

wgqjdj jQ l,S nqoaO wdOHdYh okakd jQ isõms<sisôhd uyry;a

W;=ukaf.a u he' tfia u Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ;nk ,o kh l%uh

Tiafia mjik ,o neúka nqoaONdIs;hla u he' Nd.Hj;=kajykafia

fkdlshk ,oaodjQ ;ka;s mohla kï fkdue;' khl%u ish,a, ;nd

we;s neúka ta wkqidrfhka ish¨ u w¾:h o lshk ,§' tneúka

nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska u ;=ka msglfha w¾: ixj¾Kkd l%uh

lshk ,oafoa hehs idr;a: §mksfhys —kys N.jf;da wnHdl:x kdu

;ka;s mox w;aÓ" iífíixfhaj w;af:da lÓf;da" ;iaud iïnqoafèk

;sKaKx msgldkx w;a:ixjKKkd lfudams Ndisf;dafyda;s

oÜGínx˜ hkqfjka mjik ,§'

tfia u úu;súfkdaoksfhys o —Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiaf.a

jpkhla jpdkqf,dauhla fkdue;sj w.%Y%djld§ uyry;=ka

jykafia,dg o ;ukaf.a {dk n,fhka iQ;%dNsO¾u úkfhys lsis÷

iïuq;s mrud¾: fNao ixLHd; jQ w¾:hla lSug fkdyels nj;a

tneúka ish¨ u w¾:jdlHdkh iQ;%fha;a iQ;%dkqf,daufha;a

ix.Dys; nj;a mjid we;' tkï —kys N.jf;da jpkx

jpkdkqf,dau[ap wksiaidh w.a.idjldofhdams w;a;fkda

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77

1' iu'md' III msg 734 fya'uq'2' idr;a: §mkS àld msg 18" ixia' udfndamsáfha fïOÙlr ysñ 1933


ØKnf,ak iq;a;dNsOïuúkfhaiq l[aÑ iïuq;smru;a:fNaox

w;a:x j;a;=x ilafldka;s" ;iaud iínïms jpkx iq;af;a

iq;a;dkqf,dafïp ix.yka;s˜ hkqfjks'

mQ¾j lS lreK wkqj n,k l,e' wgqjdj iX.S;sldrl

uyW;=uka fmf,ka fjka fldg ;enQjla jqj;a th nqoaO foaYkhla

neõ meyeÈ,s h' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiaf.a jpkhla jpkdkqf,dauh;a

fkd;snqfKa kï ix.S;dldrl uyry;=kago th isÿl< fkdyelsh'

nqÿmshdKka jykafia khl%u ;nd we;s neúka iQ;dNsO¾uúkfhys

wre;a jekqï tu kHdh l%uhka Tiafia u uydldYHmd§ fm!rdKsl

wdpd¾hjre isÿ l<y' tneúka jðrnqoaê àldfjys —N.jf;da

wÈmamdhx wkq.ka;ajd ;x;x mdfGa w;a:x Ndj;s úNdh;s" ;iai

;iai jd w;a:iai Ndjkd úNdjkd;s wkqNdfjda jqÉp;s wÜGl:d˜

hkqfjka mjik ,§' tu wre;a ;eîu Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia u

isÿlrk ,oafoa kï Wkajykafia mjd mjikafka tf,i u he' ta

tfia uehs' tneúka —N.jf;da mlskaKlfoaikN+;dp

iq;a;dkqf,dauN+;dp wÜGl:d˜ hkqfjka úu;súfkdaokfhys

mjik ,§' ;jo ueÿï iÕsfhys uQ,KaKdilfhys tk uOqmsKaäl

iQ;%h fia ue WmßmKaKdilfhys tk iÉpúNÙ. iQ;%h o fuys

idOlhe'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska foaYkd lrk ,o O¾u úkh

tmßoafoka u Wkajykafiaf.a nqoaOmq;%hka ork ,ÿj w¾:

ixjKaKkdj o isÿ lrk ,§' tu nqoaO mq;% mrïmrïmrdfjka mej;

tk isSy, wgqjd weÿrka fy<gqjd lrk ,oafoa he' nqÿf.dia

uydiajdóka o taneõ

—nqoafèk Oïfuda úkfhdap jq;af;da

fhda ;iai mq;af;ays ;f:aj [df;da"

fida f;a ys f;aix u;suÉP cka;d

hiaud mqf¾ wÜGl:d wlxiq'˜

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5 6

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78

1' úu;súfkdaokS àld msg 103 1935

2' idr;a: §mkS àld msg 18" ixia' udfndamsáfha fïOÙlr ysñ 1933

3' jðrnqoaê àld .%ka:drïNl jKaKkd û'P'ix&4' úu;súfkdaoks àld msg 103 1935

5' uÊCêu ksldh I" msg 272 nq'c';%s'6' uÊCêu ksldh III" msg 512 nq'c';%s'7' iu'md I" msg 2 fya'uq

ixia' fír;=vqfõ OïudOdr ysñ

ixia'


hkqfjka úkh wgqjdfjys mjik ,§' tys tk fy<gqjd kï

uydwÜGl:d" uydmÉPßh" l=rekaÈ wd§ wgqjdjka he' tneõ

úu;súfkdaokfhys —uydwÜGl;d uydmÉPßwdÈld iSy,

wÜGl:dfhda wlxiq˜ hkqfjka mejiQy' uydwÜGl:dj kï

ish,a,kag u m%OdkjQ fy<gqjdj he' uydmÉPßh fojeks fy<gqjdj

jk w;r mÉPßh hkafkka myqr woyia lrk ,§' tys ys| l<

neúka tu kduh ue yg.;a nj idr;a:§mksfhys —uydmÉPßhka;s

t;a: mÉpÍ;S W¿ïmx WÉp;s" ;iañx ksiSÈ;ajd l;;a:d

;fïjkdux cd;x˜ hkqfjka i|yka h' f;jeks fy<gqjdj

l=rekaÈh kñka ye¢kafjk w;r mQ¾fõ l=rekaÈj,a,s kï jQ

úydrhla ;snQ nj;a tu wgqjdj tys isg isÿ l< neúka l=rekaÈ

kduh yg.;a neõ tys u i|yka h' tkï —l=rekaÈj,a,s

úydfrdakdu w;aÓ" ;;a: l;a:d l=reka§;s kdux cd;x ;s joka;s˜

hkqfjks' ;jo pQ,mÉPßh" wkaol" wßh kï jQ wgqjd .ek

jðrnqoaêfhys i|yka j we;' wkaol wgqjdj fuka u ixfÄm

wgqjdj .ek o iuka;mdidÈldfjys fkdfhla ;ek i|yka j we;'

wkaol wgqjdj wkaol rfÜ fkdfyd;a wdkaød foaYfha ,sjQjla nj

úkh wgqjdfõ tk we;eï lreKqj,ska fmfka' tkï

—wkaolwÜGl:dhx wmßlaÅ;af;a muqfÄ wkdm;aÒ;s N+ñhx úkd

c.;shd muqlx ikaOdh l;s;ka;s jq;a;x˜ —;x wkaol rÜfGa

mdfGlalx ikaksfõid talÉPokd .íNmd,sfhda ioaOdh jq;a;x˜

hkqfjka i|ykaj we;'

ixfÄm wgqjdj ixCIsma;j isÿlrk ,oaola nj fmkqk;a

ksYaÑ; ks.ukhla m%lrKhka ;=<ska Èh fkdyel' nd.od fuh

fy<gqjdjla o úh yelsh' pQ,mÉpßh iy wßh wgqjd fol .ek

m%lrKhkaf.ka m%;sIagd fkd,nk w;r kdñlj jðrnqoaêfhys

muKla i|yka j we;' uydmÉpßh fy<gqjdjla neúka fuh o

fy<gqjdjla nj o ksYaph l< yel' wßh wgqjdj ms<sn| jH[ackh

foi n,d u.O niska isÿlr we;s tlla fia fmkqK;a iaÒr

ks.ukhlg wmsÿ fmdfydi;a fkdjïy'

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79

1' úu;súfkdaokS àld' msg 06 1935

2' idr;a:§mkS àld msg 17 1933

3' idr;a: §mkS àld msg tu4' jðr nqoaê àld .%ka:drïNl j¾Kkd û'P'ix&5' iu'md msg 111" 724" 725" 224" 260" 276 fya'uq'6' iu'md II msg 544-545 fya'uq'

ixia' ixia'


nqÿf.dia uydiajdóka ,laÈjg meñfKkqfha 4 jk ishjfia

uq,a Nd.fha È he' tkï uydkdu rcq oji nj m%lg lreKls'

uydjxYfha 37 jk mßÉfþofha tk;

—tajx jq;af;da mikaf;da fida kslaLñ;ajdk bf;d bux"

§mud.d buiafiaj r[af[da ldf,a uydu;s'˜

hk .d:dfjys —buiafiaj r[af[da ldf,a˜ hkafkka

olajk ,oafoa uydkdu rcq úiska h' úia;r uydjxYfhka o; hq;=he'

wk;=rej uydúydrhg meñK tys mOdk>rfhys jev isá ix>md,

uydiajdóka iómfhys fy<gqjd iys; ish¨ u f:rjdoh Wf.k

miqj ix>hd /iafldg iSy, wgqjd u.O niska ;eîug fmd;a b,aÆ

miq iu;alï ±laùug ix>hd fo.hla §fuka wgqjd iys; msgl;%h

ix.Dys; fldg úY=oaêud¾.h l< neõ tys u i|yka h'

udydúydr jeishkaf.a foaYkd kh ksYaY%s; jQ úY=oaêud¾.h

nqoaOf>daI uydiajdóka fy<Èõys§ u.O niska isÿl< m<uq .%ka:h

neõ uydjxYfhka u m%lg he' wk;=reje iuka;mdidÈldj kï jQ

úkh wg qj dj; a i qu x.,ú,dik Sh " mm[ api Q ok sh "

idr;a:mamldikSh" ufkdar:mQrKsh hk wgqjdfjda;a u.O nig

kxjk ,oaodyq h' úcï wgqjd jk w;a:id,kS" iïfudayúfkdaokS"

m[apmamlrKh hk wgqjdjka fy< niska u.O ksre;a;shg kxjk

,o tajd h' ;jo Lqÿf.d;a iÕsfhys tk mru;a:fcda;sld kï jQ

LqoaolmdG wgqjdj o hf:dala; kduh u ,;a Oïu mo" iq;a;ksmd;"

cd;l hk wgqjdjkq;a fy< niska u.O nig kxjk ,oafoa

Wkajykafia u'

;jo WNhud;sldjkag isÿl< lxLdú;rŒ kï jQ ud;sl

wgqjdj ± nqÿf.dia uydiajdóka fy¿fjka ;ka;shg kxjk

,oaola u he' fuh nqoaOf>daI uydiajdóka fkdu isÿlrk ,oaola

njg iel Wmojñka úkh wgqjdjg mQ¾fõ isÿlrk ,oaola nj;a

fmd,aj;af;a nqoaOo;a; ysñfhda zmd,s idys;Hfhaz § fuf,i mji;s'

1

80

1' W!KmQrK iysf;d uydjxfida" nqoaOo;a; ysñ fmd,aj;af;a" msg 222 -1959


—ta m%d;sfudalaIhg ,shQ wgqjdj lxLdú;rŒ keue;a;S h' th o

nqoaOf>daId wdpd¾hhka úiska ,shk ,oaola hehs tys w. i|yka ù

we;;a th tfia u hehs fyda tfia fkdfõ hehs lSu wmyiqhs'˜

hkqfjkq;a —iuka;mdidÈldj ,shQ miq fuh iïmdokh l<d kï

iSy< wgqjd ne,sug ´kE lula ke;' tfia u úia;r n,d.; hq;=

;ek§ iuka;mdidÈldfjka ,nd .; hq;= hehs lSu;a o fuys

fmfkkakg ke;' tneúka fuh nqoaOf>daI ld,hg fmr ;snQ

wgqjdjla úh hq;=h'˜ hkqfjka lshd we;'

nqoaOo;a; ysñhkaf.a hf:dala; m%ldYkh fodia iys;h'

wúpdrj;a je m%ldYs; neúka idr jYfhka fkdf.k

neyer lsÍug isÿfõ' ud;sl wgqjdfjys w.g we;s nqÿf.dia

uydiajdókaf.a YsIH jQ nqo aOñ;a; f;reka m%ldYs;

—mruúY=oaOioaOdnqoaêúßhm;suKaäf;ak˜ hk wd§yq .=K kdu

fl<jr —nqoaOf>dafida;s .reys .ys;kdufofhHk f:af¾k l;dhx

lxLdú;rKS kdu md;sfudlaLjKaKkd;s˜ hkqfjka m%ldYs;

neúka .=reka isÿl< .; ika;sldjpr jQ w;jeishd u mjid ;sìh§

th m%;slafIam lsÍu fyda iel Wmeoaoùu hqla;s hqla; ke;'

nqoaOf>daI uydiajdóka u.O nig ke.+ ish¨ wgqjdjkays w.g fuu

.=K jekqu we;' th isÿ lrk ,oafoa Wkajykafia fkdje'

—nqoaOf>daI ysñ;=uka muK ;ukaf.a kug .=K mo fhdod .;a fjk

flfkl=ka fï Ydikfha ke;s nj˜ wgqjd mÍlaIKfhys m%ldYs;

nqoaOo;a; ysñhkaf.a hf:dala; ldrKh o fodaI o¾Ys; neúka th

o neyer l< hq;= he' mKaä; oaú;Sh mrdl%undyq kf¾kaøhka rÑ;

úY=oaêud¾. ikakfhys —±ka nqoaOf>daI ia:úrhkaf.a w;jeis jQ

nqoaOñ;a; f;ryQ —mruúY=oaOioaOdnqoaêúßhm;suKaäf;ak˜

hkd§ka ia:úrhkag .=K lshd úiqoaêu.a. f;reka úiska l< nj

lSyq˜ hkqfjka mjid we;s neúka nqoaOo;a; ysñhkaf.a hf:dala;

lshuk ¥Is; neõ meyeÈ,s h' tneúka lÙLdú;rŒ wd§ wfkla

wgqjdjkays;a tu .=Kkdufhda fhdod f;reka isÿ l< neõ mjid

we;af;a w;jeis jQ nqoaOñ;a; f;reka nj o; hq;a;dy'

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81

1' md,s idys;H' fmd,aj;af;a nqoaOo;a; ysñ" msg 193-194-195 - 2010

2' wgqjd mÍlaIKh' fmd,aj;af;a nqoaOo;a; ysñ" msg 28 - 2002 3' úY=oaêud¾. ikakh msg 1753' fnka;r ioaOd;siai ysñ ixia' 1957


;jo ud;sl wgqjdj nqoaOf>daI iajdóka u.O nig kxjñka

isÿlrk ,oaola neõ lxLdú;rKS mQrdK iy wNskj àld fol u

mjid we;s neúka ielhg n÷ka lsßu WÑ; fkdfõ' tu mqrdK

àldfõ —Noka; nqoaOf>dafiak ud;sld wÜGl:d iqNd˜ hkqfjka

.%ka:drïNfha§ u mjid we;' wNskj àldfjys o

—hd l:d nqoaOf>dafiak - f:af¾k ÑrfÉ;id"

lxLdú;rKS kdu - ud;sld wÜGl:d iqNd'˜

hkqfjka i|yka h' àld lrKhg ;rï olaI jQ msgl;%h

fldaúo jQ weÿrka fuh mjid we;s úg th m%;slafIam lsÍu hqla;s

iy.; ke;'

;jo fuu ud;sl wgqjdj nqoaOf>daI uydiajdóyq úkh wgqjd

w¾:idrh;a isy, ud;slwgqjd w¾:idrh;a f.k u.O niska ;nk

,oaola nj meyeÈ,s h' wNskj àldfjys —iSy< wÜGl:dkhka;s

iSy,ud;sldÜG l:d khx wÜGl:d idrka;s iSy,

ud;sldÜGl:dhx w;a:idrx" w: p úkhÜGl:diq w;a:idrx˜

hkqfjka i|yka j we;' tneúka fy< niska ud;sl wgqjdjla ;snQ

nj;a th iy úkh wgqjdj f.k lxLdú;rKh isÿ l< nj;a

meyeos,sh' ta tfia uehs ud;sl wgqjdfjys fkdfhla ;ek —ú;a:dfrda

mk iuka;mdidÈldhx úkhixjKaKkdh jq;a;kfhafïj

fõÈ;ífnda˜ —úksÉPh l:d mk ú;a:drf;da iuka;mdidÈldhx

jq;a;d˜ —WNskakïms mfka f;aix odkúê úksÉPh l:dp iuka;

mdidÈldhx jq;a;kfhafkaj fõÈ;índ˜ —wíNdklïux

md,sjfiak LkaOfla úksÉPhjfiak iukamdidÈld hx jq;a;x˜

—;;a: ú;a:drúksÉPfhda iuka;mdidÈld hx jq;a;kfhafkaj

fõÈ;ífnda˜ hkqfjka úia;rh iuka;mdidÈldfjka .;hq;=hehs

1

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7

8

82

1' lxLdú;rKS mqrdK àld .%ka:drïNl l:d jKaKkd û'P'ix&2' lxLdú;rKS wNskjàld msg 1 hQ'mS' talkdhl ixia' - 1912

3' lxldú;rKS wNskjàld msg 205 hQ'mS' talkdhl ixia' - 1912

4' lxLdú;rKS msg 59 ldrú, bkaor;k ysñ ixia' - fn!'i'u' 2012

5' -tu-6' -tu- msg 61

7' -tu-8' msg 64


lshd we;s neúka nqoaOo;a; ysñhka mjid we;s lreKq fodia iys;

neúka fkdms<s.; hq;=h'

Lqÿf.d;a iÕsfhys tk wfkla fy<gqjdjkaf.ka jeä

fldgila u.O niska ;nk ,oafoa nor;s;aÓh úydrjdiS jQ

Oïumd, wdpd¾hka úissks' mru;a:§mkS kñka Wodk" b;sjq;a;l"

úudkj;a:q" fma;j;a:q f:arf:aÍ .d:d" pßhdmsgl kï jQ wgqjdjka o

fk;a;smlrK wgqjdj o ioaOïumamldiskS kñka máiïNsodu.a.

wgqjdj o ;ka;shg kkajk ,oafoa Wkajykafia he'

ioaOïumÊfcda;sld kñka ksoafoaY wgqjdj u.O nig

Wmfiak wdpd¾hhka úiska ;nk ,§' úiqoaOckú,dikS kñka

wmodk wgqjdj uydkdu wdpd¾hka o uOqr;a:mamldikS kñka

nqoaOjxi wgqjdj nqoaOo;a; wdpd¾hka o fy¿fjka ;ka;shg ;nk

,oaod jQ wgqjdjka neõ o; hq;=h' fu;elska lshk ,oafoa wgqjd .ek

lreKq iaj,amhls'

wgqjd ms<sn| àldfjka ms<sìUqjk lreKq

nor;s;a;sh úydrjdiS jQ Oïumd, wdpd¾hka jQ l,s

;ka;shg kxjk ,oafoa Lqÿf.d;a i.sfhys wgqjd fmd;a muKla

fkdje" uq,aiÕs ;=fka wgqjdjkag àld .%ka: iïmdokh lrk

,oafo;a mru;a:uxcqid kñka úiqoaêu.a.àldj lrk ,oafo;a

uqkajykafia úiska he' úcï wgqjdjkag wkqàld iy i;HixfCIam

m%lrKh o ksmojk ,oafoa fuu uydiajdóka jykafia u he'

wgqjdjkays .KaÀÜGdk fyj;a ,Skd¾:hka úia;r lrñka

iïmdokh lrk ,oao àldj jk w;r p;=¾úO úkfhys

w;a;fkdau;sl jYfhkq;a ñ<skaom%Yakfhys wêmamdh jYfhkq;a

y÷kajkq ,nkafka th u he' w;a;fkdau;s kï yqfola ;ukaf.a

u;sN%uhla fkdj fm< oyu;a uydmfoai wdÈh wkqj hñka thska ,o

kh l%u Tiafia u lshk ,oaodjQ lreKq fïjdfhys we;=<;a h' tajd

fm<gqjdjkag ukdj .e<fmk nj;a O¾u úkh kh ±k

úuis,sj;a je n,kafkl=g fkdfmfkkafka fkdfõ' àld weÿfrda


iínmßh;a;sOrfhda he' wgqjd iys; jQ f;j,d oyu ms<sn|

t;=fuda jQ l,S iqksmqK úksYaph we;af;da he' Oïumd, wdpd¾hka

jkdys àld muKla fkdje" wgqjdjkq;a ;ka;sfhka ;nk ,o nj

by; lshk ,§'

—iïudiïn qo aOfk aj y s úkhi q; a;dN sOïudkx

mlsKaKlfoaikdÈjfiak fhda mGux w;af:da úN;af;da" fida taj

mÉPd f;aix w;a:ixjKaKkdjfiak ix.S;sldrflays ix.yx

wdfrdamsf;da;s˜ iïudiïnqÿ rcdKka jykafia úiska u úkh iQ;%

wNsO¾uhkaf.a m%ls¾Kl foaYkh jYfhka m<uqj hï w¾:hla

fnok ,oafoa o miqj th u tajdf.a w¾:ixjKaKkd jYfhka

ix.S;sldrl W;=uka úiska ix.dhkhg kxjk ,oafoa h hkqfjka

wgqjdj ms<sn| ixhq;a; àldfjys tkakdjQ úia;r újrKhls fï'

iajiuh muKla fkdje" mriuh" b;sydih" NdIdj" .%ka:lrKh

w;ska mrf;rg .sh ishqï kqjKlaa we;s tn÷ W;=ukaf.a hf:dala;

lshuka f;j,d oyfuys ;nd tla msglhlaj;a wgqjd iys; m%.=K

fldg ke;s ful, uo kqjK we;a;ka m%;slafIam lsÍu ydiHhg

lreKla fkdjkafka o@

ixhqla; iÕsfha fia u l=ÿf.d;a iÕsfhys o tk we;eï iQ;%

foaYkdjka lreKq jYfhka tl yd iudk he" foiQ mqoa.,hkaf.a

jYfhka kdk;ajhla we;;a O¾ud¾: jYfhka tajdfhys fjkila

ke;' O¾ud¾: jYfhka tl yd iudk jQ tn÷ iQ;% foaYkd iQ;%

msglfhys ix.DyS; jQfha l=ulg o hkak ixhqla; àldfõ mjid

we;' ksOdk j.a.fha tk m[apfõr Nh iQ;%h iy ÿ;shm[apfõr

Nh iQ;%h tl yd iudk he' ÿ;shmxpfõr Nh iQ;% wgqjdfjys

—ÿ;sfha NslaLQkx l;s;Ndju;a;fïj úfiafida˜ hkqfjka

fojekafkys NslaIQkag foiQ nj u úfiai f,i mjid we;'

àldfjys —NslaLQkx lÓ;Ndju;a;fïjúfiafida;s taf;ak hd

i;a;drd tlÉpdkx foais;foaikd mqk ;o[af[aix

fõfkhHoul=if,ak ld,ka;f¾ f;afkaj foais;d" id

Oïuix.dyflays˜ —ud fkda i;a;=foaikd iïmá.a.yx úkd

kiai;=˜;s úiqx ix.yx wdfrdams;d;s oiafi;s˜ —NslaLQkx

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84

1' ixhqla; àld .%ka:drïNl jKaKkd PÜG ix.dhkd û'P'ix&2' ixhqla; wgqjd II msg' 56 ixia' fn!'i'u' 2009

3' ixhqla; àld ÿ;shm[apfõr Nh iQ;% j¾Kkd


lÓ;Ndju;a;fïjúfiafida hk fuhska Ydia;Dka jykafia

we;euqkag foiQ hï foaYkd" fõfkhHoul=i, jQ Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia úiska kej; tahska wkHhkag o ld,hdf.a wEjEfuka

th u foaYkd lrk ,oafoa h" th O¾u ix.%dylhka jykafia,d

úiska wm" Ydia;Dka jykafiaf.a foaYkd ms<s.ekSula ke;sj úkdY

fkdfõjdZhs fjk u ix.%yhg kxjk ,oafoahehs olajhs'˜ hkqfjka

hf:dala; wgqjd mdGhg w¾: olajd we;'

ixhqla; iÕs wdÈfhys tl yd iudk foiqï ljr w¾:hlska

ix.Dys; ±hs àld úia;rfhka is;d.; yelsh' tfia u ;s%msgl

ix.dhkdj muKla fkdje" uydldYHm wd§ ix.S;slsldr

uyry;=ka jykafia,d wgqjdjka o fjk u ix.dhkd fldg mjik

,o Wla; wgqjd mdGhg àld lrk àldpd¾h W;=uka ;=<

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiaf.a foaYkd ú,dih .ek;a wgqjd weÿrkaf.a

woyi ms<sn|j;a ;snQ wjfndaOh fuhska ljrl=g kï

fkdjegfykafka o@

;jo ksrh md,lhska ksrfhys Wmka i;ajhkag o`vqjï

muqKqjk úg fodaukiai iy.; wl=i,a is;a Tjqkag o we;sjk nj

m[apfõr Nh iQ;% wgqjdfjys tkakd jQ lreKqj,ska meyeÈ,s jkq

we;' tkï —hd mk ;x ksrfha Wmamkakx Èiajd ta;x myßiaidñ;S

cd,s;x whuq.a.rx .Kayf;da ksrhmd,iai fÉ;kd WmamÊ®;s'

bOuiai iïmrdhslx ndysr fõrx kdu˜ hkqfjka —hï ta ksrfha

WmkakdjQ i;ajhl= ±l Tyqg myr fokakfñ hehs .sks.;a

whuq.=rla .ekSfuka ksrh md,lhd yg fÉ;kd îs;=ú,s& Wm§ o"

fï fudyqf.a idïmrdhsl jQ ndysr ffjrh hehs lshd we;'˜ tfia u

ksrh md,iaifÉ;kd WmamÊ®;s hk wgqjd mdGhg úia;r imhk

ixhq;a; àldj —taf;ak w;aÓ ksrfha ksrhmd,iaid;s oiafia;s˜

fuhska ksrfhys ksrh md,lfhda we;af;a hehs olajhs hkqfjka

mjid we;' wÜGl:dfjys tkakd jQ m%ldY wkqj hñka úia;r

újrKh imhk àld we÷rkA lsisúgl wgqjdjg úreoaO j hEula

fyda m%;slafIam lsÍula isÿlr fkdue;s nj Wla; lreKqj,ska


meyÈ,s jkq we;' ;jo àldfjys —k ys fkarhsld ksrhmdf,aiq

mámyß;=ï ilafldka;s˜ hkqfjka ksrh md,lhka flfrys

m%;smyr t,a, lsÍug fkarhslhkag fkdyels nj;a mjid we;'

úfgl ixhqla; àldfjys we;eï lreKq idOkfhys,d úcï

wgqjdjkaf.ka iy wfkla wd.u wgqjdjkaf.ka lreKq ±lajQ jdr

fndfyda .Kkla fmfkkakg we;' tfia u iQ;% úkh

wNsO¾uixLHd; ;s%msgl md,sfhys o we;eï lreKq idOkhg ta ta

;ek nyd,ñka .kakdjQ fkdfhla iQ;% ldKav o we;' úfgl wgqjd

mdGj, o úia;r újrK iemhsh hq;af;a we;eï úcïàld yd

úiqoaêu.a. àld wd.u àldjkays l< hq;= wdldrfhka o túg

hf:dala; úia;r újrKh tu àld wdÈfhys lshQ whqßka o; hq;=

hehs mejiQ jdr o fmfkkakg ke;af;a fkdfõ'

by; ±lajQ ixhqla; àldlrKhg .;a úcï iy wd.u

wgqjdmdG kï fufia he fldai, ixhqla;fha tk m[aprdc iQ;%

àldfjys —hx mk iïfudayúfkdaokShx l=i,lïucx wksÜGx kdu

k;aÒ;s t;a;lfïj jq;a;x˜ Od;= ixhqla;fha tk m[apislaLdmo

iQ;% àldfjys —;:d jq;a;x iïfuday úfkdaokShx hdksislaLdmodks

t;a; i;a;drïuKdkS;s jq;a;dks ;dks hiaud i;af;da;s ;S ixLx

.f;a ixLdf¾fhaj wdrïukx lfrda;S;s˜ hkqfjka o olajk ,o

úNx. wgqjdmdG àldfjys mjik ,o lreKq idOkfhys ,d olajk

,oaodjQ wmfoaifhda h'

tys olajd we;s wd.u wgqjdmdG kï foAj;d ixhqla;fha

m<uq ´.;rK iQ;% àldfjys —iqux.,ú,disks w§iq mk

iiai;ÈÜÀiy.;rdf.dapd;s jq;a;x˜ hkqfjka o iÉpixhq;a;fha

tk kÉp.S; iQ;% àldfjys —;:dys jq;a;x mru;a:fcda;sldhd

LqoaolwÜGl:dh˜ —OïuQmixys;x .S;x jÜG;s" .S;+mixysf;da

Oïfuda k jÜg;sZ;S˜ hkqfjka o tfia u n%yau ixhqla;fhys

n%yaudhdpk iQ;% àldfjys —mm[apiQokShx mk —oajdoi

mq[a[lsßhjfiakd˜;s jq;a;x˜ hkqfjka o tkakd jQ wmfoaY

lreKq idOkfhys ,d u olajk ,oaodjQ tajd h'

1

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86

1' ixhq;a; àld" m[aprdc iQ;% jKaKkd 2' ixhq;a; àld" m[ap islaLdmo iQ;% jKaKkd3' ixhq;a; àld" ´.;rK iQ;% jKaKkd4' ixhq;a; àld" kÉP.S; iQ;% jKaKkd 5' -tu- n%yaudhdpk iQ;% jKaKkd


ixhqla; àldfjys we;eï ;ek fuf,ie wfkla wd.u

wgqjd iy úcï wgqjdjkaf.a mdG f.kyer olajñka iQ;% úia;r

lrkq ,nkafka l=ulg o h;a tu wgqjd .KaÀÜGdkj,g ,Skd¾:

iemhSu isÿlrk úg wfkla wgqjdj, tk kh l%uh Tiafia isÿ l<

hq;= neúks' tfia ue O¾ud¾: jYfhka tajdg úreoaO fkdjk

whqßka o isÿ l< hq;= neúks'

we;eï iQ;%j,g wod< wgqjdjkays hï hï lreKq úiA;r l<

hq;=j we;;a tajd úia;r fkdù fjk;a iQ;% wgqjdjkays úia;r ù we;s

kï túg tn÷ lreKq úia;r fkdfldg wod< wgqjdjkaf.ka

.;hq;= hehs mejiQ jdr o ixhqla; àldfjys ±lsh yelsh'

ta tfia uehs n%yau ixhqla;fha .drj iQ;% àldfjys —t;a: hx

j;a;ínx ;x iqux.,ú,diskShd §>ksldhÜGl:dh jq;a;fïj˜

hkqfjka o LkaOixhqla;fha tk iSyiQ;% àldfjys o

—WodkÜGl:dÈiqms ;:d.;moiai w;af:da jq;af:da taj" ;iaud ;;a:

jq;a;kfhak w;af:da fõÈ;ífnda˜ hkqfjka o iÉpixhqla;fha

wdul uxi iQ;% àldfjys —;iaud iuka;mdidÈldh úkhÜGl:dh

jq;a;kfhkafk;a; úksÉPfhda fõÈ;ífnda˜ hkqfjka o

i|yka h' tfia u ksodk ixhqla;fha tk ÿ;shoin, iQ;%

àldfjys o —whfu;a: ixfÄfmda ú;a:dfrda mk mru;a:§mkShx

WodkÜGl:dhx jq;a;kfhak fõÈ;ífnda˜ hkqfjka mjik ,§'

fuf,ie àldfjys we;eï lreKq tu iQ;% j¾Kkdj,§ úia;r

fkdfldg wksla iQ;%úkh wgqjdjkaf.kq;a o; hq;= hehs mejiQ

jdr o we;'

by; lS ksÞk ixhqla;fha tk oin, iQ;%h Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia ixCIsma;j foaYkd fldg ÿ;shoin, iQ;%h úia;r

jYfhka foiQ neúka wgqjdfjys —oin,iai mGux ÿ;shiafiaj

ixfÄfmda˜ hkqfjka mejiQy' thg úia;r imhk àldj m<uq

iQ;%h ixCIsma;j O¾u weiSu reÑ lrk mqoa.,hkaf.a woyi mßÈ

foiQ nj;a" fojekak Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiaf.a reÑh mßÈ úia;r

1

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4

5

87

1' ixhq;a; àld" .drj iQ;% jKaKkd 2' -tu- iSyiQ;% jKaKkd 3' -tu- wdul uxi iQ;% jKaKkd 4' ixhq;a; ksldh II nq'c';s%' msg 44

5' ixhq;a; wgqjd II msg 33 ixia' fn!'i'u' 2009


jYfhka foiQ nj;a mjid we;' tu àld md,sh fufi he —mGux

ÿ;shiafiaj ixfÄfmd mGuiq;af;ak ixfÄmjq;a;iai w;a:iai

ú;a:drjfiak ÿ;shiq;a;iai foais;;a;d" ;[ap mk N.jd

mGuiQ;a;x ixfÄmf;da foafiais" ÿ;shx ;f;daú;a:drf;da' mGux jd

ixÅ;a;reÖkx mq.a.,dkx wÊ®difhak ixfÄmf;da fofiis"

ÿ;shïmk w;a:fkda reÑhd ;f;da ú;a:drf;da' iSyiudkjq;a;sld ys

nqoaOd N.jkaf;da" f;a w;a;fkda reÑhd lf:ka;d w;a;fkda :dux

oiafika:dj lf:ka;s" ;iaud ÿ;shiq;a;jfiak fp;a: w;a:jKaKx

lßiaidu" ;iañ ixjKa‚f; mGux ixjKaKs;fïj fyda ;S;s

wêmamdhfhd˜ hkqfjks' w¾:h iqlr neúka fy< niska fkd;nuq'

ixhq;a; iÕsfhys liaim ixhqla;fha tk ioaOïum;srEml

iQ;%h Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia foaYkd lrk ,oafoa liaim uyry;ka

jykafia úuiQ m%Yakhlg he' tkï —iajdóks fmr islaIdmo uo l,

fndfyda NslaIQyQ ry;ajQy' ±ka YslaId mo fndfyda h' ry;a jQ NslaIQka

uo h' fuhg fya;=j l=ula o m%;H l=ula ±hs˜ lshd úuiQ úg

Ydia;Dka jykafia —i;ajhka msßfyk l,ays oyu w;=reoyka jk

l,ays isLmo jeäjk nj;a tfia u ry;ayq o wvqjk nj;a foiQy'˜

kej; o nqÿmshdKka jykafia —hï;dla l,a f,dalfhys O¾uh jeks

jQjla kQm§ o ta ;dla ioaO¾uhdf.a w;=reoyka ùula fkdjk njla

foiQy'˜^k ;dj liaim" ioaOïuiai wka;rOdkx fyda;s" hdj k

ioaOïum;srEmlx f,dafla WmamÊc;s&

hf:dala; ioaO¾u m%;srEml;ajh ixhq;a; wgqjdfjys

fuf,ie úia;r fõ' —ioaOïum;srEmlka;s fp

ioaOïum;srEmldkS wê.u ioaOïum;srEml[ap mßh;a;s

ioaOïum;srEml[ap˜ hkqfjka wê.u ioaO¾um%;srEmlh o

m¾hdma;s ioaO¾um%;srEmlhoehs ioaO¾um%;srEml folla i|yka he

by; lS m¾hdma;s ioaO¾um%;srEml;ajh .ek tys ue fuf,ie

i|yka fõ' —;siafida ix.S;sfhda wkdrE<ayx Od;=l:d wdrïuKl:d

wiqNl:d [dKj;a:ql:d úÊcd loïnflda;s bfïys m[apys

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88

1' ixhq;a; àld" oin, iQ;% jKaKkd2' ixhq;a; ksldh II nq'c';s%' msgq 338



l:dj;a:Qys ndysrx .+,ayúkhx" .+,ayfjiaika;rx .+,ayufydaiOx

jKaK msglx wx.=,sud, msglx rÜGmd, .Êð;x wd,jl .Êð;x

fõo<ay msglx;s bOx wnqoaO jpkx mßhma;s m;srEmlx kdu˜

hkqfjks' lshk ,o Od;= l:d wdÈh fia u .+,ay úkhdÈhx

nqoaOjpk fkdjQ m¾hdma;s ioaO¾u m%;srEml foaj,a jYfhka

mjik ,§'

wgqjdfjys i|yka fõo<ay msglh ffj;=,H msglh f,ie

fuu ixhq;a; áldfjys —fõo<aymsglka;s fõ;=,a,msglx˜

hkqfjka i|yka h' tfia ue th kd. Njkska f.k tk ,oaola hehs

lsh;a hkqfjka —;x kd. Njkf;da wdks;ka;s jokA;s˜ wfkflla

jdo NdIs;hla hkqfjka lsh;a hehs o mjid we;' ;jo wgqjdfjys

i|yka wnqoaOjpkx hkakg nqoaO jpkh yd úreoaO jk neúka

wnqoaO foaYkhla hkqfjka —àldj —wnqoaOjpkx nqoaOjpfkak

úreÊ®kf;d˜ —whqßka ,Skd¾: imhd —k ys iïnqoafOda mqíndmr

úreoaOx jo;s˜ hkqfjka tys u lshd we;'

fuf,ie w¾:újrK imhk àld weÿrkaa lsisúfgl

wgqjdjg úreoaO hEula fyda úreoaO m%ldYhla isÿfldg fkdue;'

ixhq;a; àldfjys —nqÿrcdKka jykafia mQ¾jdmr úfrdaOhla

fkdfoihs˜ hk hf:dala; lshuk b;d jeo.;a he iQ;%" úkh"

wNsO¾u ixLHd;jQ ;s%msgl nqoaOjpkfhys lsisÿ jpkhla ;j;a

jpkhla yd w¾: jYfhka fyda jH[ack jYfhka úreoaOùula

fkdue;' tneõ uydldYHmd§ ix.S;sldrl weÿrka fia u isy,

wgqjd weÿfrda o ukdj o;ay' nqÿf.dia ysñhka u.O nig ke.+ wgqjd

wdÈfhys ÿ lsis÷ mQ¾jdmr úfrdaOhla ke;s msßis÷ nqoAOjpk

w¾:jdlHdkh ue we;=<;a njg idlaIs §ug wm jeks u|

kqjke;a;kaf.a m%ldY fkdje" wgqjd iys; f;j,doyfuys

mrf;rg .sh ±kque;s wkqud;% jrfoys mjd ìh ÿgq Y%oaOd§

O¾uhkaf.ka wkQk jQ f:rjd§ uydúydr m%fõKsfhys W;a;u jQ

mqreIhkaf.a lshuka m%udKj;a fkdjkafkys o@

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89


2' ixhq;a; àld" ioaOïu m;srEml iQ;% jKaKkd


—mßj;af;a;s iíndms isy<ÜGl:d ;od

iífíix uQ,Ndidh ud.Odh ksre;a;shd"

i;a;dkx iín Ndidkx idwfydaisys;d jyd

f:aßhd pßhd iífí md,sx úh ;u.a.yqx'˜

—tl,ays ish,a,kaf.a uQ, NdIdj jQ ud.O ksre;a;sfhka

wgqjdl;d mßj¾;kh l< fial' i;ajhkaf.a i¾jNdIS jQ

´f;dfuda ys; msKsi ùh' ish¨ u f:aßh wdpdÍyQ th fm< fihska

ms<s.;ay'˜ hkqfjka uydjxYfhys i|yka h' tys tk —f:ßhdpßhd

iífí md,sx úh lu.a.yqx˜ hkak ful, wgqjd .ek úfõpkh

t,a, lrkakka fyd¢ka úuish hq;=h' wgqjd m%;slafIam lsÍula fyda

úfõpkhla t,a,lrk Tjqka fkdlshd mjikafka nqÿf.dia ysñhka

isá l,e jev isá uyfjfyr jeis f:aÍh weÿrkag jvd ;uka

kqjKe;shka nj fkdfõ o@ i;H kï th fkdje' ta Tjqkaf.a

w×klu neõ o; hq;=h'

jeo.;a lreKq lsysmhla

foaj;d ixhqla;fha tk ldu iQ;%h jQ l,S foaj;djl= úuiQ

m%Yakhlg ms<s;=re jYfhka foiQ fo.hla we;s flá iQ;%

foaYkdjls'

tkï"

—lsu;a;ldfud k ofoa lsuÉfpda k mßÉPfc"

lsxiq uq[afphsh l,HdKx mdms[ap k fudapfha;s'˜

hkqfjka foúhd úuihs'

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia thg fufia"

—w;a;dkx k ofoa fmdfid w;a;dkx k mßÉPfc"

jdpx uq[afphH l<HdKx mdmslx[ap k fudapfha;s'˜

hkqfjka ms<s;=re .h foiQy'

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2

90

1' W!kmQrK iysf;duydjxfid msg 222 ixia' 1952

2' ixhq;a; ksldh I msg 82


by; lS zw;a;dkx k ofoaZ hkakg wgqjdfjys —w;a;dkx k

ofoa;s mriai odix l;ajd w;a;dkx k ofohH" Gfm;ajd

iínfndaêi;af;a;s jq;a;x w;a;dkx k ofo hkq fjfkfll=g

;ukaj odi fldg fkdfokafka h" ish¨ fndaêi;ajhska yer hehs

lshk ,§'˜ hkqfjka i|yka h' ixhqla; àldfjys —w;a;ldfduda;s

md<shx jq;a;;a;d wdy —Gfm;ajd iínfndaêi;af;a˜;s' f;ays

iínfida mr;a:dh taj mámÊcudkd uydldreKsld mr;a:ldud"

w;a;ldud kdu k fyda;s" hdj f;aix w;a;;a:djyd mám;a;" idms

hdjfoaj mr;a:d tajd;s jq;a;x fmdardK wÜGl:dhx˜ —w;a;ldfuda

hehs fmf<ys lS neúka —Gfm;ajd iínfndaêi;af;da˜ hehs lSy'

fndaêi;ajhska i¾jm%ldrfhka mrys; msKsi u ms<smÈkakd jQ

uydldreKsl jQ mrd¾:ldñfhda h' wd;aud¾:ldóyq kï fkdfj;a"

fndaêi;ajhkaf.a hï wd;aud¾:h t,jkakd jQ m%;sm;a;shla fõ kï

th o hï muKlska fyda mrys;ldó u hehs mqrdK wgqjdfjys lshk

,§'˜ hkqfjka mjid we;'

ixhq;a; àldfjys hf:dala; mqrdK wgqjd mdGh b;d

jeo.;a he' ukao h;a àldfjys fndfyda ;ekays ±lsh yelafla

—wÜGl;dhx jq;a;x˜ hk mdG muKs' —fmdardK wÜGl:dhx jq;a;x˜

lS mdG b;d úr, h' Wv lS mqrdK wgqjd mdGh ixhqla; wgqjdfjys

±lsh fkdyelsh' Oïumd, wdpd¾hka jykafia ixhqla; àldjg

.;a;djQ mqrdK wgqjd mdGh ieneúka u fy< uygqjd mdGhls'

ixhqla; wgqjdfõ tk;

—uQ,ÜGl:didrx wdodh uhd bux lfrdkaf;ak"

hx mq[a[uqmÑ;x f;ak fyda;= iífnda iqÇ f,daflda'˜

hk .d:dfjys tk uQ,ÜGl:d idrx hkak úia;r lrñka

—uQ,ÜGl:dh idrka;s mqífí jq;a;ixhq; uydwÜGl:dh idrfïj

mqk ks.uk jfiak jq;a;ka;s' w: jd uQ,ÜGl:dh idrka;s

1

2

91

1' ixhqla; wgqjd I msg 80 ixia' fn!'i'u' 2009

2' ixhq;a; wgqjd III msg 235 ixia' fn!'i'u' 2009


fmdardKÜGl:diq w;a:idrx' f;ak ta;x oiafia;s' —ixhq;a;

uydÜGl:dh w;a:idrx wdodh bux idr;a:mamldiksSks

lfrdkaf;ak fiaid uydksldhdkïms uQ,ÜGl:diq bO fhda.laLux

w;a:idrx wdodh wldiska;s'˜

zuQ,ÜGl:dh idrxZ hkq mQ¾fõ lshk ,o ixhqla;

uydwgqjdfjys idrh u h' kej; ks.uk jYfhka lSfõ hehs

fkdfyd;a zuQ,ÜGl:dh idrx hkq mqrdK wgqjdjkays w¾: idrhhs'

thska fulreK lshefjhs' ixhqla; uydwgqjdfjys w¾: idrh f.k

fuu idr;a:mamldiksh lrkakd jQ ûu& fuys fiiq

uydksldhkaf.a o uQ,ÜGl:djkays w¾:idrh fjkalrf.k

flrefjñ'˜ hkqfjka ixhqla; àldfjys i|yka he' wgqjdfjys

±lajQ uQ,wÜGl:dj kï mqrdK iSy, wgqjdj neõ meyeÈ,s h' túg

lduiQ;% àldfjys tk mqrdK wgqjd mdGh md,s ixhq;a; wgqjdfõ

ke;;a mqrdK iSy, uydwgqjd mdGhla neõ Wla; lreKq j,ska

ukdj meyeÈ,s jkq we;' thska o mqrdK fy<gqjd mdGfhda úfgl §

Oïumd,dpd¾hka jykafiaf.a ixhqla; àldlrKhg o fhdod .;a

njg idlaIs fj;a' ;jo nqÿf.dia ysñhka fy<gqjd .sks ;enQ nj

lshk we;euqkaf.a uq.aaO m%,dmhka ì£ hkafka ixhqla; àldldr

W;=ukaf.a iuh jk úg;a fy<gqjd ;snQ nj mila lrñks'

wgqjd ms<sn|j úfõpk t,a, lsÍug;a úfõpkd;aul

,smsf,aLk fuka u .%ka: mßYS,khg;a ful, iriú weÿrka

fia ue" kùk Ydia;%Sh wOHdmkh ,nk Pd;%fhda o uy;a jQ

wNsreÑhla olaj;s' jir lsysmhla we;=<; tfyka fufyka ,o

wOHdmk l%ulska Wmdê lsysmhla ,nd udkfhka T¨j Wÿïujd

tf,ie isÿlsÍug hEu fyda isÿlsÍu uy;a jQ wkqjK lula neõ o;

hq;=he' tn÷ .%ka:hkaf.ka iy tn÷ ,smsf,aLk ;=<ska o iïnqÿ

iiqkg fuka u udkj iudchg o isÿjkafka uy;a jQ ydkshls'

f,dõ;=re iiqk miqneiaiùug;a .sysmeúoaoka fndfyda wl=i,a

/iafldg wmd.dó lrùug;a tn÷ tl ,smshla tl .%ka:hla jqj o

fya;= jkq we;'

1

92

1' ixhq;a; àld ks.ukl;dj¾Kkd


zwgqjd mÍlaIKhZ kue;s .%ka:h jQ l,S bkA tlls' fuhska

isÿ jQ Ydiksl ydksh jkdys okafkda oks;s' Wiia wOHdmk lafIa;%h

;=< .re isiqka w;r by<ska jecfUk fuh idyisl f,i f:rjd§

uydúydÍh m%fõ‚fhys wgqjdjka úfõpkh lrkafka yßhdldr

lreKq ±k fkdfõ' úfgl iajlSh u;h iaMqg lr .ekSug t;=uka

ueÿï iÕsfha tk iQ;% mjd m%;slafIam lsÍug w¥ro¾YSs ù we;'

tmuKela fkdje fuys fkdfhla ;ek we;a;d jQ ;j;a ÿ¾u;

fndfyda he' nd.od fuh olsk we;efula fulreKq ms<s.ekSug o

kqmq¿jk' lreKq fufia fyhska nqoaOf>daI uydiajdóka jykafia

mjd úkh wgqjdfjys zw: fLda iínÜGl:diq jq;a;;a;d

wÜGl:dpßhdj t;a: mudKx" k w[aØúpdrKd' mqífíms p

wfjdapqïy' —nqoafèk Oïfuda úkfhda p jq;af;da" fhda ;iai

mq;af;ays ;f:aj Øf;da˜;s wd§' wÜGl:dpßhd ys nqoaOiai

wêmamdhx cdkka;s'Z hkqfjka o wÜGl:dpßhdkx jd ioaOdh

.fy;ínka;sZ hkqfjkq;a lS neúka wgqjd ms<sn|j Y%oaOdj Wmojd

;%smsgl mßh;a;sh fm!rd‚l f:rjd§ uydúydÍh l%ufõohg wkqj

yeoEÍug W;aidyj;a úh hq;=h'

1

2

3

93

1' wgqjd mÍlaIKh' msg 53 fmd,aj;af;a nqoaOo;a; ysñ" ixia' 2002 2' iu'md' II msg 549 fya'uq'3' iu'md' II msg 561 fya'uq'


wdYs%s; .%ka: :

wÙ.=;a;r ksldh 2" nq'c';%s

lxLdú;rŒ wNskjàld" ixia' PÜGix.dhkd

lxLdú;rŒ wNskjàld" ixia' hQ'mS' talkdhl" 1912

lxLdú;rŒ msgfmd;" ixia' l¿fld|hdfõ m[a[dfialr ysñ" 1936

lxLdú;rŒ mqrdKàld" ixia' PÜGix.dhkd

lxLdú;rŒ-ud;slwÜGl:d" ixia' lròk ðkr;k ysñ fya'uq" 1930

l=ÿisl yd mqrdK úia;rikakh"

ixia' fudr.,af,a `CodfKdNdi ;siai ysñ" 1954

pkaoúu, uykdysñ" f¾reldfka" úkhl¾u fmd;

pq,a,j.a.md,s 1 nq'c';%s

pq,a,j.a.md,s 2 nq'c';%s

mßjdrmd,s 2" nq'c';%s

mdÑ;a;smd,s 2" NslaLqŒ úNx.h" nq'c';%s

mdrdðlmd,s " nq'c';%s

mdrdÔlmd,s .egmoh" ixia' mKaä; wñ;sß., m[a[djxi ysñ" 1942

md,suq;a;l úkhúksYaph ix.%yh"

ixia' foys.iafma mCoaCodidr ysñ" 1931

md,suq;a;l úkhúksYaph ix.%yàld"

ixia' lyòduqjÿr mCoaCodidr ysñ" 1917

nqoaOo;a; ysñ" fmd,aj;af;a" wgqjd mÍlaIKh" 2002

nqoaOo;a; ysñ" fmd,aj;af;a" W!kmQrK iysf;duydjxfid" 1952

nqoaOo;a; ysñ" fmd,aj;af;a" md,sidys;H" 2010

uÊCêu ksldh 1" nq'c';%s

uÊCêu ksldh 3" nq'c';%s

uydj.a.md,s 1" nq'c';%s

uydj.a.md,s 2" nq'c';%s

ñ,skaom[afyd ixia' n,kaf.dv wdkkao ffu;%sh ysñ fya'uq' 2013

uqïsl j¾Kkdj" ixia' iSkdj;af;a .=Kd,xldr ;siai" 1935

jðrnqoaêàld" ixia' PÜGix.dhkd

úkhfldaIh" fudrgqfõ idik r;k ysñ" 1955

94

úkhúksÉPh" ixia' PÜGix.dhkd

úkhúksÉPhàld" ixia' PÜGix.dhkd

úkhd,xldràld" ixia' PÜGix.dhkd

úksYaphd¾:§mkS kï úkhúksÉPh úia;d¾: jdlHdkh"

,xldf.dv › ërdkkao ysñ" 1957

úu;súfkdaokSàld" ixia' PÜGix.dhkd

úu;súfkdaokSàld" ixia' fír;=vqfõ OïudOdr ysñ" 1935

úY=oaêud¾.h" ixia' muqKqfõ nqoaOo;a; ysñ fya'uq' 2006

úY=oaêud¾. ikakh" ixia' fnka;r ioaOd;siai ysñ" 1957

ixhq;a; àld" ixia' PÜGix.dhkd

ixhq;a; ksldh 1 nq'c';%s

ixhq;a; ksldh 2 nq'c';%s

iuka;mdidÈld-úkhwÜGl:d 1 fya'uq" 1950




idrF:§mkSàld" ixia' PÜGix.dhkd

idrF:§mkSàld" ixia' udfndamsáfha fïOÙlr ysñ" 1933

idr;a:mamldiskS-ixhq;a;ksldhwÜGl:d 1 fn!'i'u" 2009



iquÙ.,ú,diskS-§>ksldhwÜGl:d 1 fya'uq" 2006

95

—ia:úrjd§ Ydikfha m%;sIaGdj yd m%jD;a;sh

úkh˜ neõ w¾:l:dpd¾hhka jykafia,d úiskqÿ

iqNdú; i;Hhls' ft;sydisl oDIaáfldaKfhka

msßlaid ne¨j o f:Íh iïm%odh úkhjd§ jQ neõ

olakg yelsh' fï fya;=fjka f:rjdo úkh

idys;Hhg md,s yd isxy, hk foniska u W;amkak jQ

úia;r újrK" àld m%lrK wdÈ .%ka: rdYsh

w;suy;a h' .re;r ul=,Efõ iqoiaik iajdñka

jykafia úiska iïmdÈ; fuu l=ÿ .; tlS úkhjd§

m%jK;dj wog;a ,dxflah f:Íh iïm%odh ;=<

wdrlaIs; j we;s njg lÈu ksoiqkls'

.;a l;=jr iqoiaik iajdñka jykafia

jkdys w;S;fha jqi Q úkhOr h;sjrhka

jykafia,df.a j¾;udk m%;sìïnhla nj È.= l,l

mgka wmf.a iodY%h ;=<ska wl=á,j m%ldY l< yelsh' Wkajykafia .ek o;=fjda ud yd

idl,Hfhka u tl`. jk neõ iqiaÓr h' O¾u úkfhys nei.;a ksmqK;d we;s iqoiqka

ysñfhda fu.; flreug iqksis h;sjrhka jykafia kula fj;s' úkh ms<sn|

lÏhkaf.ka f;drj b;d jeo.;a ueh lsysmhla hgf;a m%;smdÈ; j we;s fu.;

úkh.relhkag yia;idr jia;=fjls' úkh .rel ,laÈõ i`. inhlska

—úkh fjiro˜ .re kulska jy jyd uqkajykafia mqo;ajZhs wmf.a wjxl me;=uhs'

fï j.g"

fu;a is;e;s"

mQcH W!reme,eõfõ fyaudrdu ia:úr"

B.A (SJP), M.A (B.P.U), Ph.D (Candidate)

Dip.in Dhamma communication, Dip.in Buddhism and Pali

fn,a,kaú, rdcuyd úydrh"

fn,a,kaú," fndr,eia.uqj'

2559 $ 2015'12'21

O¾uÞkh ms‚i hs'

m%ldYkh

Y%S ioaO¾u ukaÈrhzioyï fijKZ

134$A" .,f.orj;a;" je,afyak mdr" ud;ïuk"

ñkqjkaf.dv'

fmd;a ,nd .ekSu iy kej; uqøKh i|yd ish¨ úuiSï"

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ul=,Efõ iqoiaik ysñ · ^uydidfrdamu iq;a;" u'ks' 1&' tuksid iS,h wjidk ksIaGdj lr fkdf.k iS,h iudêhg;a iudêh {dk o¾Ykhg;a {dko¾Ykh ^wiuhúfudlal kï jQ& wdY%j laIh lsÍug;a