UNDP RBEC Regional CentreUNDP RBEC Regional Centre

Engendering the Localizing Engendering the Localizing Sustainable Development Sustainable Development

Projects in Western-Balkan Projects in Western-Balkan Countries and CISCountries and CIS

Dono Abdurazakova, Regional Gender AdviserDono Abdurazakova, Regional Gender Adviser

Bratislava, 12 September 2003Bratislava, 12 September 2003

Long-term objective: socially just and sustainable society by ensuring:

          balanced participation between

men and women;         that gender issues are integrated

into decision-making, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of localized Sustainable Development initiatives.

Gender mainstreaming is…

“… “… the process of assessing the implications for the process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women’s as well as men’s concerns and making women’s as well as men’s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated. The ultimate goal is to is not perpetuated. The ultimate goal is to achieve gender equality.” achieve gender equality.” The Report of the The Report of the Economic and Social Council for 1997.Economic and Social Council for 1997. United United Nations, 1997.Nations, 1997.

Gender mainstreaming is…

… a strategy that considers a gender perspective as an integral part of activities and decision-making to identify where specific measures are needed most, for greater and long-lasting impact

Gender mainstreaming …

…….Is a strategy, not a .Is a strategy, not a goal. The goal is goal. The goal is gender equalitygender equality

Gender mainstreaming …

1.1. No longer viewed as a separate No longer viewed as a separate issue issue

2.2. Requires Requires thorough and rigorous thorough and rigorous analysis of the situationanalysis of the situation

3.3. Doesn’t mean that gender-Doesn’t mean that gender-specific intervention are specific intervention are abandoned! abandoned!

Gender equality

• All human beings are free to develop their personal abilities and make choices w/o the limitations set by gender roles

• Aspirations and needs of women and men are equally valued and favoured

ARGUMENTATION:

         human rights issue        credibility issue        efficiency issue        pre-condition and pre-requisite for

successful local development strategies

Conceptual frameworkConceptual framework& international obligations& international obligations

1.1. The Beijing Platform for ActionThe Beijing Platform for Action2.2. Convention on Elimination of All Convention on Elimination of All

Forms of Discrimination Against Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)Women (CEDAW)

No more ‘why’ but ‘HOW’ to integrate Gender?

• No ready-made recipe, but need for adaptation to the specific needs of each policy area;

• Tips: the earlier conducted, the better results at the end and more space to introduce changes

Ensure the Following Steps:Ensure the Following Steps:

Availability of information and sex Availability of information and sex disaggregated data is one of the principal disaggregated data is one of the principal pre-requisites;pre-requisites;

Expertise in the gender relations and policies Expertise in the gender relations and policies on equality needed; on equality needed;

Based on the first two steps, move with the Based on the first two steps, move with the preparation of a check list to ask the right preparation of a check list to ask the right questionsquestions

  

Step oneOutline the current position of men & Outline the current position of men & women in the area which this policy women in the area which this policy proposal will address:proposal will address:

Who are beneficiaries? How many women, Who are beneficiaries? How many women, men? What data source is used to men? What data source is used to determine these figures? Are there determine these figures? Are there differences in situation of women and men differences in situation of women and men in this sector/area ( in terms of access to in this sector/area ( in terms of access to resources, participation, norms and values, resources, participation, norms and values, rights, etc)? Is opinion of women and men is rights, etc)? Is opinion of women and men is taken into account from the point of costs, taken into account from the point of costs, benefits, acceptance, advantages and benefits, acceptance, advantages and utility? utility?

Step Two

What factors lead to women and men being What factors lead to women and men being affected differently in the area being addressed affected differently in the area being addressed by this policy proposal?by this policy proposal?

          Identify the factors which lead to the Identify the factors which lead to the differential impact on women and mendifferential impact on women and men

            What are the final costs (both financial and What are the final costs (both financial and human) paid by women and men if this policy is human) paid by women and men if this policy is adopted? adopted?

              What benefits (material or other) the What benefits (material or other) the decision will bring to women and men?decision will bring to women and men?

            What implications will be for everyday life of What implications will be for everyday life of certain group(s) of women or men? certain group(s) of women or men?

  

Step Three

How can the factors which lead to women orHow can the factors which lead to women or

men being affected differentially be addressedmen being affected differentially be addressed

and changed?and changed? How can the policy proposal respond to the How can the policy proposal respond to the

factors identified in Step 2?factors identified in Step 2? What actions are proposed in this regard?What actions are proposed in this regard? What are the long lasting effects/impact in What are the long lasting effects/impact in

case of failure of the proposed policy?case of failure of the proposed policy?

  

  

Tools and Resources developed at the UNDP RBEC Regional Centre, Bratislava:

••Gender Mainstreaming in Practice: A Gender Mainstreaming in Practice: A HandbookHandbook

  ••Drafting Gender-Aware Legislation:How to Drafting Gender-Aware Legislation:How to

Promote and Protect Gender Equality in the Promote and Protect Gender Equality in the Central and Eastern Europe and in the CISCentral and Eastern Europe and in the CIS

Available at on-line, at UNDP RBEC Gender Available at on-line, at UNDP RBEC Gender Virtual Gender Library, http://gender.undp.skVirtual Gender Library, http://gender.undp.sk

Are there gender issues in the Are there gender issues in the region?region?

The suicide rates The suicide rates (up(up 90%)90%),, committed by men in some parts of committed by men in some parts of the region are highest in the worldthe region are highest in the world; ;

High life expectancy gaps;High life expectancy gaps; High educational level of women High educational level of women

combined with their low combined with their low representation at all levels of representation at all levels of decision-makingdecision-making

Women’s average monthly income as Women’s average monthly income as percentage of men’spercentage of men’s

AlbaniaAlbania 87 % ;87 % ; B&HB&H n/an/a

BulgariaBulgaria n/an/a ; ; CroatiaCroatia n/an/a

RomaniaRomania 80 %80 % ; ; TurkeyTurkey n/an/a

Serbia& MontenegroSerbia& Montenegro 79%79%

Source: UNDP/UNECE Gender statistics website http://www.unece.orgSource: UNDP/UNECE Gender statistics website http://www.unece.org

Working populationWorking population

CountryCountry YearYear % women% women % men% men

AlbaniaAlbania 1999199938%38% 62%62%B&HB&H N/aN/aBulgariaBulgaria 1998199847%47% 53%53%CroatiaCroatia 1999199946%46% 54%54%FYROMFYROM1998199839%39% 61%61%RomaniaRomania 1998199846%46% 54%54%TurkeyTurkey1999199931%31% 69%69%S&MS&M 1999199942%42% 58%58%Source: UNDP/UNECE Gender statistics website http://www.unece.orgSource: UNDP/UNECE Gender statistics website http://www.unece.org

Seats in parliamentSeats in parliament

CountryCountry YearYear % women% women % men% men

AlbaniaAlbania 200120016%6% 94%94%B&HB&H 2002200217%17% 83%83%BulgariaBulgaria 2002200226%26% 74%74%CroatiaCroatia 2002200221%21% 79%79%FYROMFYROM2002200218%18% 82%82%RomaniaRomania 2002200211%11% 89%89%TurkeyTurkey200220024%4% 96%96%S&MS&M 200220027%7% 93%93%Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union, http://www.ipu.orgSource: Inter-Parliamentary Union, http://www.ipu.org

SUGGESTED ENTRY-SUGGESTED ENTRY-POINTSPOINTS

for LoSD:for LoSD:

(1)(1)      sub-regional advocacy workshop : sub-regional advocacy workshop :

                Suggest gender- balanced representation;Suggest gender- balanced representation;                 Include a separate session for gender Include a separate session for gender

sensitisation and awareness raising on the need sensitisation and awareness raising on the need to integrate gender if local development to integrate gender if local development strategies intend to be successful;strategies intend to be successful;

                Ensure that other sessions do not Ensure that other sessions do not perpetuate existing gender inequalities and perpetuate existing gender inequalities and traditional distribution of gender roles;traditional distribution of gender roles;

                Search and bring successful examples of Search and bring successful examples of mainstreamed from gender perspective local mainstreamed from gender perspective local development strategies developed through development strategies developed through participatory methods (gender budgets). participatory methods (gender budgets).

  

(1)(1)      Training for Local Action Groups:Training for Local Action Groups:

Preparation of Situation Assessment Preparation of Situation Assessment    Ensure that Gender analysis is a part of Ensure that Gender analysis is a part of

overall methodology(s);overall methodology(s); Gender expert is part of the team;Gender expert is part of the team; Questionnaires include gender specific Questionnaires include gender specific

questionsquestions Interviews target equally women and men in Interviews target equally women and men in

balanced manner, to reflect their viewsbalanced manner, to reflect their views

Pilot strategy development for and with Pilot strategy development for and with participation of the LAG-sparticipation of the LAG-s

   As strategy will be developed in a As strategy will be developed in a participatory manner, special efforts should participatory manner, special efforts should apply to ensure that women and men apply to ensure that women and men represented equally;represented equally;

and the environment enables them to and the environment enables them to participate and provide meaningful input;participate and provide meaningful input;

Not only special elements dedicated to Not only special elements dedicated to gender in the strategies, tools for achieving gender in the strategies, tools for achieving the strategy, and appropriate action plans, the strategy, and appropriate action plans, but overall goal mainstreamed.but overall goal mainstreamed.