一、单词拼写 根据读音、词性和词义写出下列单词。1._____________ [ `skʌlptʃə ] n. 雕塑 2. ____________ [`gæləri ] n. 画廊3. ____________ [ `simbəl ] n. 象征；符号 4. ____________ [ ri`lidʒən ]n. 宗教；宗教信仰5. ____________ [ dʒi`ɔmitri ] n. 几何学 6. ____________[ .sivilai`zeiʃɚn ]n. 文明 7. ____________[ `distrikt ]  n. 区域 8. ____________ [ .eksi`biʃən ]n. 展览会 9. ____________ [ `ʃædəu ]  n. 阴影；影子10. ____________ [ `ævənju:] n. 林阴道；大街 avenue

sculpturegallerysymbolreligiongeometry

civilizationdistrict exhibitionshadow

11. ____________ [ tip] n. 提示；小费；顶12. ____________ [ kən`vins ] vt. 使信服13. ____________ [ pri`dikt ] vt. 预言；预测14. ____________ [ `æbstrækt ]adj. 抽象的15. ____________ [ ə`gresiv ]adj. 侵略的 ; 好斗的16. ____________ [ .kɔntrə`və:ʃəl ]adj. 荒谬的17._____________[ `pə:mənənt ]adj. 永久的；持久的18. _____________ [ .kɔntrə`və:ʃəl ] adj. 争议的19. _____________ [ `nauədeiz ] adv. 现今20. ______________[ `kɔnsikwəntli ] adv. 所以consequent

ly

tipconvincepredictabstractaggressive

ridiculouspermanent

controversialnowadays

二、单词运用 根据句子的意义及所给的首字母提示写出单词的适当形式，完成句子。

1.N______________, more and more families own cars.

2.There is a general b_________ that things will be

soon get better.

3.She didn’t study at all, and c_______________, he

failed all his exams.

4.In the evening you s__________ is longer than you

are..

5.He lost all his p_______________ in the tsunami and

he is poor and homeless now.

possession

nowadaysbelief

consequently

shadow

6.He didn’t want to be a temporary staff in the

company. He just wanted to work p____________ there.

7.Scientist can now p_________ when and where a

hurricane will take place.

8.What you said really sounds a___________ . Could

you explain it in details?

9.I had some difficulty c____________ the boss that I

was the right man for the position.

10.The a________ of the project is to help the people

who suffer aids.

aim

permanent predict

abstract

convincing

三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1. The government predicted that the economy will

improve. However, not many people agree with the _________________ .

2. His paintings were exhibited in the local art gallery last week and the ______________ is a great success.

3. Her necklace was valued at $30,000, which is quite ______________.

4. My granny possesses an ancient vase and it is one of her __________________ .

5. Jim has nothing to do today and he is walking on the street ____________ (aim).aimlessly

prediction

exhibition

valuable

possessions

6. I need some information of getting a _____________

(scholar) in your university.

7. After they got married, they decided to settle

_______________ (permanent) in France.

8. With the teacher’s ______________ (convince)

words, the students are determined to win the game.

9. There is a general __________ (believe) that things

will soon get better.

10. Environmental damage threatens the whole of

____________ (civil).civilization

scholarship

permanentlyconvincing

belief

四、词组互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。1. ________________ 以……为目标2. __________________ 取代 3. ________________ 把……集中…… 4. ________________ 大量 5. ________________ 试图做某事 6. ________________ 现代艺术 7. ________________ 值得 8. _________________ 拥有 in possession of

aim at

take the place offocus ona great deal ofattempt to domodern artbe worth

9. a bunch of _______________

10. in the flesh __________________________

11. in the late 19th century ___________________

12. scores of _____________________

13. the Renaissance ___________________

14. would rather _______________________

15. a professional artist ____________________

16. convince sb. of sth. _____________________使某人信服某

事

一串现实生活中的 ; 本人

十九世纪末许多 ; 大量

文艺复兴 ( 时期 )

宁愿一位职业艺术家

五、词组运用 从上述短语中选择恰当的短语翻译下列句子。

1. 电脑是不可以取代人类的，因为电脑是由人类控制的。

_______________________________________________because computer is controlled by human.

2. 在文艺复兴时期，画家在作品中焦点是人而不是宗教。

During the renaissance, the paintings of the artists__________________________________________3. 西湖很漂亮，很值得一游。The West Lake is very beautiful,

_____________________________________

Computer can not take the place of human

didn’t focus on religion but people

which is worth a visit.

4. 那个囚犯企图逃跑，但失败了。The prisoner ______________________________5. 这家化工排除大量的污水。This chemical factory _________________________________________________________________________6. 有许多人等着比赛的结果。_____________________________, waiting for the

result of the match.7. 是谁拥有这些财产？________________________________________

Who is in possession of the property?

attempted to escape, but failed.

drained out a great deal of waste water.

There were scores of people

8. 这个小男孩尽力使他的父亲信服他的诚实。The little boy tried to __________________________

__________________________________________

9. 他如此紧张以致到他不能集中精神考试。He was so nervous that ______________________

10. 他的目标是考上一所重点大学。_________________________________________

He aimed at entering a key university.

convince his father of his honesty.

he couldn’t focus on his test.

Language points

1.abstract adj. 抽象的 ; 深奥的 n. 摘要

an abstract concept 抽象概念 abstract philosophical problems

深奥的哲学问题 Her ideas seem a little abstract.

她的思想有点儿让人费解。 Astronomy is an abstract subject.

天文学是一门深奥的学科。 To make an abstract of a speech

将演说作 一摘要

in the abstract

就一般而言， 理论上来讲abstract sth from sth 从某物中提炼出某物我们将从理论上来考虑这个问题。We will consider this problem

_____ _____ _____.

将一本书做成一个摘要。Make _____ _____ of a book.

橡胶是从树木提取的。 rubber is _________ from trees.

in the abstract

an abstract

abstracted

2. faith  n. 信任，信赖，信心；信仰，信条

1) 信念 ; 信任 , 完全信赖 (+in) [+that]

He always puts his faith in the future.

他对未来总是抱有信心。2) 信仰 ; 宗教信仰 ; 信条 (+in)

People of every faith attended the

mayor's funeral.

信仰不同宗教的人士出席了市长的葬礼。

3. Consequently, this text will describe only

the most important ones, starting from the

sixth century AD.

The bank refused to help the company;

consequently, it went bankrupt.

She overslept and, consequently, she was late.

consequently = as a result, therefore 因此

It rained that day and ___ the baseball

game was called off.

A. however B. still

C. so D. consequently

As a result of her mother’s illness, she left

school.

Her mother became ill; ____________ she

left school.

consequently

4. During the Renaissance, new ideas and values

replaced those held in the Middle Ages.

文艺复兴时期，新的观点和价值观取代了中世纪人们坚持的观点和价值观。

take the place of = take one’s place = replace 代替

take place 发生 , 举办 take one’s place 就座 , 坐下

如果他不来的话 , 谁会替代他呢 ?

Who will take the place of him if he doesn’t come?

Who will take his place if he doesn’t come ?

5. During the Middle Ages, the main aim

of the painters was to represent

religious themes.

中世纪，画家们的主要目的是表达宗教主题。take aim at 瞄准 = aim at

sth. be aimed at 旨在 ; 目的在于 ; 针对with the aim of 有…的目的without aim 无目的的 , 胡乱地

这些措施旨在削减政府的开支。These measures are ______ ____

government costs.

他没有瞄准就开枪。He fired _______ ____.

他的人生没有目标。He has____ ____ in life.

aimed at

without aim

no aim

6. typical adj 典型的；有代表性的 Eg: a typical British summer 典型的英国夏天typical + of

1)典型的 , 有代表性的This painting is typical of his early work.

这幅画是他早期的代表作。2) 特有的 ,独特的 ;表现特征的It was typical of him to be so merciless.

只有他才会这么冷酷无情。

1.In a ______ display, colored streamers seem

to race across the sky.

典型的一种现象是：彩色的光流划过天际。

2.This chair is ______ of Anthony's way of

designing furniture.

这把椅子是安东尼式家具设计的代表。

typical

typical

7. They paid famous artists to paint

pictures of themselves, their houses

and possessions.

他们雇请著名艺术家来画他们，及他们的住宅和其他的财产。

possession 拥有 , 占有 , 所有 , 领土 , 领地 , 财产 (常用复数 )

富人个人财产他放弃了这房子的所有权。

a man of great possessions

personal possessions

He gave up __________ of the house.possession

Sb…in possession of

某人拥有某物Sth..in the possession of sb

为某人拥有Sth..in one’s possession

possess v.

他有两辆汽车。

He possesses two cars.

He is in possession of two cars.

Two cars are in his possession.

你是怎样得到它的 ?

How did you get ( take ) possession of it?

8. When people first saw his paintings,

they were convinced that they were

looking through a hole in a wall at a

real scene.

人们初次看到他的作品，认为是通过在墙上的一个小孔看到了真实的场景。convince vt. 使确信 说服convince sb. of sth convince sb. to do sth.be convinced of sth

我们说服她搭火车去。We___________ her______ by train.

她试图使我们相信她的清白。She tried to ________________ her innocence.

我坚信她是清白无辜的 .

convinced to go

convinced us of

他劝我应该学法律。

He convinced me that I should study law.

花费了许多个小时法庭才相信他有罪。It took many hours to convince the court of his guilt.

Everyone was convinced by his words.

9. If the rules of perspective had not been

discovered, no one would have been able to

paint such realistic pictures. 如果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。

本句的谓语动词使用虚拟语气。如果条件从句中假设的情况不能实现，则是非真是条件句，要用虚拟语气。

If she were my daughter, I wouldn’t let her

stay out the whole night. 如果她是我的女儿，我就不会让她整夜不归。

If I had had enough money, I would have

bought a DV before travelling. 如果那时我有足够的钱，我会在旅行之前买一部数码摄像机的。

10. By coincidence, oil paints were also

developed at this time, which made the

colours used in paintings look richer

and deeper. 巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得画的颜色看上去更丰富，更深沉。

这是 which 引导的，是定语从句，指的是前面的句子 oil paints were also developed

at this time 。类似的用法有：His wife died, which made his life change

greatly. 他妻子去世了，这使得他的生活发生了巨大的变化。

11. Without the new paints and the new

technique, we would not be able to

see the many great masterpieces for

which this period is famous. 没有新的颜料和新的（绘画）手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。

这里有 without引动的介词短语是一个暗含的非真实条件，逐句用虚拟语气 we would not be able to see 。类似的用法有：

Without your help, he would not pass

the test. 没有你的帮助，他就不能通过这次测试。

12. In the late 19th, Europe changed a great

deal. a great deal = a good deal 大量的 ;

a great deal of = a good deal of 大量的 ; He ate ______________for supper yesterday.

He ran _____________ faster than me.

She is _____________ better today.

She has _____________ experience.

I have _______________work to do.

I was ______________surprised.

a great deal of money / information / water

a great deala great deal

a great deal

a great deal of

a great deal of

a great deal

13. Nowadays, there are scores of modern art styles.

scores of 很多 , 几十score 二十 ; ( 比赛 ) 的得分There are scores of rooms in the hotel.

I’ve seen the film scores of times.

Scores of people were killed in the fight.

足球比赛的比分是四比一。The score in the football game was 4 - 1.

七十岁 , 古稀之年六十人许多年前

three score (years) and ten

three score of people

scores of years ago

我需要一打铅笔 . ( 二十只铅笔 )

他买了三打啤酒 .

我们去广州十几次了 .

I need a dozen pencils. I need a score of pencils.

He bought three dozen bottles of beer.

We have been to Guangzhou dozens of times.

1. He spent _____________money on books

and __________his books are about space

and satellite.

A. A great deal of, a good many of

B. a good many; a great number of

C. a large quantity of; a large amount of

D. many; plenty of

2. She bought __________eggs yesterday,

but there were ______________ them

broken.

A. two scores of; scores of

B. scores of; two scores of

C. scores of; two score of

D. score of; two score

14. The painter does not attempt to paint objects

as we see them with our eyes, but instead

concentrates on certain qualities of the

objects.

The second question was so difficult that I

didn’t even attempt it.

I attempted to speak but was told to keep quiet.

She made an attempt to lock the door.

attempt n. 努力 , 尝试 , 企图 vt.尝试 , 企图

15. on the other hand ( 可是） 另一方面 on the one hand 一方面Eg:

1) On the one hand, she taught English; on the

other hand she learned Chinese.

她一方面教英语，一方面学习汉语。2) On the one hand I admire his gifts, but on

the other hand I distrust his judgment.

一方面我承认他有天分，而另一方面我却怀疑他的判断力。

1) _________________, it may strike oil at a fairly

high level.

另一方面，也可能在相当浅的地方打出油来。2) I know this job of mine isn’t well paid,

but________________ I don’t have to work

long hours.

我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来讲来说，我也不必工作太长时间。

On the other hand

on the other hand

预言 ; 预料 ; 预报 [+that] [+wh-]

He predicted that an earthquake was imminent.

他预言即将发生地震。He predicted a good harvest.

他预言丰收

I can predict something with great accuracy.

我能很准确地预测某事。

16. predict  vt. 预言，预测，预告

2.It’s hard to _______ when it will happen.

很难预见这件事何时发生。

1.The economists _________ an increase in the

rate of inflation.

经济学家预言通货膨胀率将会增长。

predicted  

predict

Useful structure ( 20ms )

The Subjunctive MoodI. 概念 :

II. 形式 : 虚拟语气的动词形式在条件状语从句中 , 其 主从句形式有较固定的形式要求 (见 III. 用法1), 在 名词性从句中多用 should +原形 , 在定语从句 , wish后面所接的宾语从句 , 以及其它状语从句 中用过去时 .

语气是用来表示谈话人的态度和看法的动词形式 . 英语有三种语气 : ① 陈述语气 ( 同陈述句 )②祈使语气 (同祈使句 ), ③虚拟语气 . 虚拟语气不表示一个事实 , 而是表示一种假设情况 .

III. 用法 :1. 用于条件状语从句中 :

主从 句

构 成时态

虚拟条件 从句 主 句 例 句

与现在事实相反的 假设 与过去事实相反的 假设

If + 主语 + 动词过去时 (be用 were)

主语 + would/ should/could/ might + 动词原形

If I had time, I would attend the meeting.

If + 主语 + had +过去分词

主语 + would/ should/could/ might + have+ 过去分词

If you had taken my advice, you’d have passed the exam.

主从 句

构 成

虚拟条件 从句 主 句 例 句

与将来情况相反的 假设

①If + 主语 + 动词的过去时

② If + 主语 + were to + 动词原形

③ If + 主语 + should + 动词原形

主语 + would/ should/could/ might + 动词原形

If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting. If he should not come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting till next week.

时态

Practice:I. Fill in the blanks with proper forms:1. He _________ (tell) you if he ______ (know), I’m sure.2. If I ____ (have) more time, I ___________ (learn) another foreign language.3. If he ______ (be) here, he __________ (show) us how to perform the experiment.4. If I ______ (be) you, I _________ (pay) more attention to English idioms.5. I ___________ (help) you if I ______ (can).6. If I ____________ (receive) your e-mail, I ______ ______________ (answer) it long ago.

would tell knew

had would learn

were

were

could

would show

would pay

would helphad received

wouldhave answered

7. If you ___________ (start) the work earlier, you ___________________ (finish) it by now.

8. If we __________ (not rely) on our own streng-th we ________________ (die) of starvation.

9. If I __________ (know) your address, I ________ ____________(write) to you then.

10. If I ___________ (not be) busy, I ____________ (come) to help.

11. If we ___________ (start) out five minutes later, we __________________ (miss) the train.

12. You _______________ (meet) the famous scientist if you __________ (come) yesterday.

had startedwould have finished

hadn’t reliedwould have died

had known

hadn’t been

would have missed

would

would have come

had started

had comewould have met

have written

13. If I __________ (tell) him, he __________ (be) greatly surprised.

14. If I __________ (do) it, I ______ probably _____ (do) it in the same way.

15. If he _______________ (be) here tomorrow, you ___________ (ask) him about it yourself.

16. We _________ (be) very pleased if you _____ _________ (attend) the gathering tonight.

17. I ___________ (ask) him to ring you up if I ____________________________ (see) him.

18. If you ___________ (can get) back next week, we _________ (go) camping together.

were to tell would be

would

were / should be

were

would ask

could askwould be

to attend

saw / should see / were to seecould get

would go

were to do do

2. 用于名词性从句中 :1) 用于主语从句中 :(1) 用在 It is suggested / requested / demanded ordered/desired/proposed/advised/insisted + that 从句中 , 从句用 (should) + 动词原形 : eg: It’s suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week. It was ordered that the wounded soldiers be sent to the field hospital at once.(2) 用在 It is necessary / important / strange / odd / natural / surprising / essential / best / appropriate / shocking / sad / regrettable / a pity / a shame / no wonder / has been decided /+ that 从句中 , 从句用 (should) + 动 词原形 :

eg: It is necessary that the customs of all national minorities be respected. It is strange that he should have said so. It’s a pity that I should do it again. It is a great pity that he should be so careless. It is not surprising that Alfred should have married Amy. 但 (2)部分也可不用虚拟语气 : eg: It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. It is strange that he didn’t come yesterday.

2) 用于宾语从句中 :(1)在 wish后用动词 (情态动词 ) 的过去时 ,进行

时 , 如果与过去事实相反 ,动词用过去完成时 : eg. How I wish I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky! I wish I had not made so many mistakes in the last exam. How I wish it weren’t raining now!(2) 在 would rather后用过去时 : eg. I’d rather you came tomorrow.(3) 在 advise, demand, insist, order, propose,

request, require, suggest后用 should + 动词原形 , should 可以省略 :

eg. He suggested we (should) start off early the next day. We insisted they not be present at such gathering. He ordered that all (should) take part in the work. They requested that we (should) have lunch with them.但是 : 当 suggest表示“暗示 ,表明” insist表示“坚 持认为”时 , 不用虚拟语气 : eg. The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.

3) 用于表语从句中 :(1) 在 advice, demand, order, proposal, request, suggestion 等后面的表语从句中 :eg. My advice is that he wait till next week. Her suggestion is that we should learn all the texts by heart. The general’s order was that all the soldiers reach the border in ten hours.

(2) 当 as if, as though 引导表语从句时 :eg. He looks as if he were an artist. They appear as though they had been friends for years.

4) 用于同位语从句中 :

在 advice, demand, order, proposal, request,

suggestion 等后面的同位语从句中 , 如 :

Eg. We all agree to his suggestion that we go

to the Happy Valley for an outing.

Order came that the soldiers be sent to

the border.

Here is the doctor’s advice that you

should take the medicine 4 times a day.

3. 用于定语从句中 :

在 It is (high) time that 句型中 , 定语从句的谓语动词用过去时 , 或 should + 动词原形 (should 不能省略 ):

eg. It is (high) time that you went to school.

It’s time you did something about it.

It is (high) time that we should start out.

4. 用于其它状语语从句中 :1) 当 as if, as though, even if, even though 引导 状语从句时 , 从句用动词的过去时 . 如 : eg. She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America. It was the first time they had met, but they acted as though they had been friends for ages. Even if he were here, he couldn’t solve the problem. I wouldn’t go to Iraq to try my luck even though it were easy to make money there.

此类情况也可不用虚拟语气 , 如 :

eg. It looks as if it is going to rain.

I’ll help you, as though l don’t sleep for a

night.

Even if I have to walk all the way, I’ll get

there.

I like her even though she can be

annoying sometimes.

2) 当 in case, lest, for fear that 等引导状语从句时 , 从句用 (should +) 原形动词 . 如 :eg. Be quiet in case you should wake the baby. I shall ring you up lest you (should) forget to come. I took an umbrella along with me for fear that it should/might rain.

在此类情况中 , in case引导状语从句也可不用虚拟语气 , 如 : eg. Take your umbrella, in case it rains.

5. 用于 if only 引导的感叹句中 , 如 :

eg. If only I were a bird!

If only I had known her telephone number

/ e-mail address!

If only I hadn’t lost it!

If only the letter had arrived in time!

6. May + 动词原形，表示祝愿 . 如 :

May the friendship between our two

peoples last forever!

May you succeed!

May the plan work!

Revision: The subjunctive mood 虚拟语气1. 与现在情况相反的假设If everyone knew first aid, many lives would be saved.

(If) did, would do ( should / could / might )

If I________(be) you,I would go to the cinema tonight.

If you saw the film,you __________ ( be) very excited.

If they________ (come) ,we could go there together.

If we _______ ( go ) together,we would have a good time.

If I _______ (have ) enough money, I could buy a new house.

were would be

camewenthad

2. 与过去情况相反的假设1) If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, there

would have been more deaths.

2) If you had studied hard, you would have passed the exam.

(If) had done, would have done ( should / could / might )

If you __________ ( come ) earlier, you wouldn’t have been late.

If I had taken money with me yesterday, I __________________

(repair ) my watch.

If I ___________ (repair ) my watch, I would have got up early.

If I_____________ (get up ) early, I wouldn’t have been late.

had come

would have repaired

had repaired

had got up

3. 与将来情 况相反的假设：If you should come tomorrow, I would go fishing with you.If you were to come tomorrow, …If you came tomorrow, … should do,(If) were to do, would do(should / could / might) didIf it should rain tomorrow, I ___________ ( stay ) at home.If I were to stay at home, I ____________ ( have ) a good rest.If I _________________________________ a good rest, I could put my heart into study next week.

would staywould have

should have / were to have / had

高考实战 :

1. -- If he _____, he _____ that food.

-- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A. was warned; would not take

B. had been warned; would not have taken

C. would be warned; had not taken

D. would have been warned; had not taken

2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as

if it _____.

A. breaks B. has broken

C. were broken D. had been broken

3. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you _____ so tired. A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got4. – I stayed at a hotel while in New York. -- Oh, did you? You _____ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed5. How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden. A. has B. had C. will have D. had had