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Unit 2Chemistry Test Review
What is Matter?Anything that has _______ and _________.
What is Matter?Anything that has mass and volume.
What is the smallest unit of matter?
Hint: not a Chihuahua!
An Atom!
What is the smallest unit of matter?
What is an
?
Hint: It’s not the skateboarding company!
An element is “pure stuff”. It is only one kind of atom in matter such as pure gold (Au)
Other Examples:CarbonHydrogenOxygenNitrogenPhosphorous
What are atoms made up of? What are their charges?
?
What are atoms made up of? What are their charges?
What makes up the Atomic Mass of the atom?
(Larger Number)
What makes up the Atomic Mass of the atom?
Protons +
Neutrons
What does the Atomic Number represent in an atom?
What does the Atomic Number represent in an atom? # of Protons
Also tells how many electrons are present
WHAT IS AN ION?
AN ION IS WHEN AN ATOM HAS GAINED OR LOST ELECTRONS AND
BECOME MORE + OR -
Remember: Ion “I” am greedy! “I” give or take electrons but do not share!
OK, now you know what an ion is, so what is an
Ionic Bond?
“I”onic Bond: When electrons are gained or lost (NO SHARING) between atoms to make a compound.
Hint: “I” am greedy! “I” give or take electrons but do not share!
What is a covalent bond?Hint:
Co-captains share their
position
Atom Atom
Covalent bond: When two atoms share electrons to create a compound.
What are Isotopes?
Isotopes are same element with different numbers of NEUTRONS!
OK…Isotopes are the same element with different numbers
of neutrons.How can I remember that?
I so hope (sounds like Isotope)
Jimmy Neutron doesn’t push the wrong button!
Silly, but you’ll remember it!
Define: Compound
2 or more elements combined chemically
Compound
Chemical and Physical
What type of changes in matter would be considered to be
physical?
What type of changes in matter would
be considered to be chemical?
What does a pH scale indicate (do not say the pH number). It is the concentration of ___?___ in a
solution.
What does a pH scale indicate? (do not say the pH number). It is the concentration of
Hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.
H+ = OH-
H+ OH- H+
OH-
What is a Buffer?Don’t have a clue?
Hint: We have been dealing with pH, so it probably has something to do with that.
What? It is a weak acid or base
Does? That reacts with strong acid or base
Why? to bring the pH back to neutral (Homeostasis)
Buffer
What is a mixture?
What are the 2 types of mixtures that we talked about?
What is a mixture?When two things are mixed together
PHYSICALLY but can be separated
What are the 2 types of mixtures that we talked about?
SOLUTION = even mixing (salt water) SUSPENSION = won’t stay mixed
(Italian dressing)
Define & Give and Example:
•Solute
•Solvent
•Solution
Solute: What is dissolved by the solvent Ex: SALT
Solvent : What does the dissolvingEx: WATER
Solution: When a solute is dissolved in a solvent Ex: Salt + Water
What is the name for a type of mixture that there is NO DISSOLVING taking place?
Suspension: No Dissolving
Sand + Water
Oil + Vinegar
What is COHESION?
What is ADHESION?
What is COHESION?
What is ADHESION?
Same molecules sticking together Water + Water
Different molecules sticking together Water + Glass
What is the weak bond called that forms between the polar molecules of water?
What is the weak bond called that forms between the polar molecules of water?
HYDROGEN BONDS
H(+)
O(-)
H(+)
What is polarity?
See a resemblance?
H(+)
O(-)
H(+)
Polarity: Unequal sharing of electrons
causing (+) on one side and (-) on the other
See a resemblance?
MACROMOLECULES
“__________________” removes water (H2O) when putting monomers together to make polymers.
“DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS” removes water (H2O) when combining monomers to make polymers.
•Name the 4 types of macromolecules?
•They are all organic compounds because they contain what?
•Name the 4 types of macromolecules? Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids•They are all organic compounds because they contain what? CARBON
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Monosaccharide(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Energy – Quick
Plants = Starch Animals = Glycogen
Structure and support
Plants = Cellulose (fiber in cell walls) Animals = Chitin (exoskeletons)
What elements are
in carbohydrates
?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Monosaccharide(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Energy – Quick
Plants = Starch Animals = Glycogen
Structure and support
Plants = Cellulose (fiber in cell walls) Animals = Chitin (exoskeletons)
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Monosaccharide(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Energy – Quick
Plants = Starch Animals = Glycogen
Structure and support
Plants = Cellulose (fiber in cell walls) Animals = Chitin (exoskeletons)
What is the monomer for
Carbohydrates?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Monosaccharide(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Glucose
Energy – Quick
Plants = Starch Animals = Glycogen
Structure and support
Plants = Cellulose (fiber in cell walls) Animals = Chitin (exoskeletons)
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Monosaccharide(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Energy – Quick
Plants = Starch Animals = Glycogen
Structure and support
Plants = Cellulose (fiber in cell walls) Animals = Chitin (exoskeletons)
What are the two
functions?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Monosaccharide(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Energy – Quick
Plants = Starch Animals = Glycogen
Structure & Support
Plants = Cellulose (fiber in cell walls) Animals = Chitin (exoskeletons)
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Monosaccharide(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Energy – Quick
Plants = Starch Animals = Glycogen
Structure & Support
Plants = Cellulose (fiber in cell walls) Animals = Chitin (exoskeletons)
What are animal and
plant examples of stored energy?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Monosaccharide(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Energy – Quick
Plants = Starch Animals = Glycogen
Structure & Support
Plants = Cellulose (fiber in cell walls) Animals = Chitin (exoskeletons)
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Monosaccharide(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Energy – Quick
Plants = Starch Animals = Glycogen
Structure & Support
Plants = Cellulose (fiber in cell walls) Animals = Chitin (exoskeletons)
What are examples of
plant and animal
structure or support?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Monosaccharide(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Energy – Quick
Plants = Starch Animals = Glycogen
Structure & Support
Plants = Cellulose (fiber in cell walls) Animals = Chitin (exoskeletons)
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Lipids
(Fats, Oils, Waxes)
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Fatty Acids
Glycerol with fatty acid chains
attached
Energy Storage
Long term
Fats & Blubber
Cell
Membranes
Phospholipids
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Repel Water
Waxes
What the elements are
for lipids?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Lipids
(Fats, Oils, Waxes)
C, H, O
Mostly Carbon & Hydrogen,
some Oxygen
Fatty Acids
Glycerol with fatty acid chains
attached
Energy Storage
Long term
Fats & Blubber
Cell
Membranes
Phospholipids
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Repel Water
Waxes
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Lipids
(Fats, Oils, Waxes)
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Fatty Acids
Glycerol with fatty acid chains
attached
Energy Storage
Long term
Fats & Blubber
Cell
Membranes
Phospholipids
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Repel Water
Waxes
What are the monomers for lipids?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Lipids
(Fats, Oils, Waxes)
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Fatty Acids
Glycerol with fatty acid chains
attached
Energy Storage
Long term
Fats & Blubber
Cell
Membranes
Phospholipids
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Repel Water
Waxes
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Lipids
(Fats, Oils, Waxes)
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Fatty Acids
Glycerol with fatty acid chains
attached
Energy Storage
Long term
Fats & Blubber
Cell
Membranes
Phospholipids
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Repel Water
Waxes
What are the 4 functions of lipids?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Lipids
(Fats, Oils, Waxes)
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Fatty Acids
Glycerol with fatty acid chains
attached
Energy Storage
Long term
Fats & Blubber
Cell
Membranes
Phospholipids
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Repel Water
Waxes
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Lipids
(Fats, Oils, Waxes)
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Fatty Acids
Glycerol with fatty acid chains
attached
Energy Storage
Long term
Fats & Blubber
Cell
Membranes
Phospholipids
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Repel Water
Waxes
Give examples of
each function
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Lipids
(Fats, Oils, Waxes)
C, H, O
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Fatty Acids
Glycerol with fatty acid chains
attached
Energy Storage
Long term
Fats & Blubber
Cell
Membranes
Phospholipids
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Repel Water
Waxes
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Proteins
C, H, O, N
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
Amino Acids
Movement Muscles
Absorb Light Pigments
Chemical Signals Hormones
Fight Infections Antibodies
Carries Oxygen Hemoglobin
Regulates Reactions
Enzymes
What are the elements for
proteins?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Proteins
C, H, O, N
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
Amino Acids
Movement Muscles
Absorb Light Pigments
Chemical Signals Hormones
Fight Infections Antibodies
Carries Oxygen Hemoglobin
Regulates Reactions
Enzymes
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Proteins
C, H, O, N
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
Amino Acids
Movement Muscles
Absorb Light Pigments
Chemical Signals Hormones
Fight Infections Antibodies
Carries Oxygen Hemoglobin
Regulates Reactions
Enzymes
What are the monomers of
protein?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Proteins
C, H, O, N
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
Amino Acids
Movement Muscles
Absorb Light Pigments
Chemical Signals Hormones
Fight Infections Antibodies
Carries Oxygen Hemoglobin
Regulates Reactions
Enzymes
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Proteins
C, H, O, N
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
Amino Acids
Movement Muscles
Absorb Light Pigments
Chemical Signals Hormones
Fight Infections Antibodies
Carries Oxygen Hemoglobin
Regulates Reactions
Enzymes
What are the 6 functions of
Proteins?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Proteins
C, H, O, N
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
Amino Acids
Movement Muscles
Absorb Light Pigments
Chemical Signals Hormones
Fight Infections Antibodies
Carries Oxygen Hemoglobin
Regulates Reactions
Enzymes
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Proteins
C, H, O, N
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
Amino Acids
Movement Muscles
Absorb Light Pigments
Chemical Signals Hormones
Fight Infections Antibodies
Carries Oxygen Hemoglobin
Regulates Reactions
Enzymes
What are examples of
each function?
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Proteins
C, H, O, N
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
Amino Acids
Movement Muscles
Absorb Light Pigments
Chemical Signals Hormones
Fight Infections Antibodies
Carries Oxygen Hemoglobin
Regulates Reactions
Enzymes
Type of
Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Nucleic Acids
C, H, O, N, P
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Nucleotides
Genetic Info
DNA
Protein
Synthesis (making)
RNA
Energy
ATP
What are the elements for
Nucleic Acids?
Type of
Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Nucleic Acids
C, H, O, N, P
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Nucleotides
Genetic Info
DNA
Protein
Synthesis (making)
RNA
Energy
ATP
Type of
Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Nucleic Acids
C, H, O, N, P
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Nucleotides
Genetic Info
DNA
Protein
Synthesis (making)
RNA
Energy
ATP
What are the monomers for Nucleic
Acids?
Type of
Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Nucleic Acids
C, H, O, N, P
Carbon,
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Nucleotides
Genetic Info
DNA
Protein
Synthesis (making)
RNA
Energy
ATP
Type of
Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Nucleic Acids
C, H, O, N, P
Carbon,
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Nucleotides
Genetic Info
DNA
Protein
Synthesis (making)
RNA
Energy
ATP
What are the functions 3 of
Nucleic Acids?
Type of
Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Nucleic Acids
C, H, O, N, P
Carbon,
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Nucleotides
Genetic Info
DNA
Protein
Synthesis (making)
RNA
Energy
ATP
Type of
Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Nucleic Acids
C, H, O, N, P
Carbon,
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Nucleotides
Genetic Info
DNA
Protein
Synthesis (making)
RNA
Energy
ATP
What are examples of
the functions?
Type of
Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building block)
Functions
Examples
Nucleic Acids
C, H, O, N, P
Carbon,
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Nucleotides
Genetic Info
DNA
Protein
Synthesis (making)
RNA
Energy
ATP
Which macromolecule creates pigments for our skin, hair, eyes, hemoglobin (carry oxygen), antibodies to fight infection, and muscles (movement) for our bodies?
Which macromolecule creates pigments for our skin, hair, eyes, hemoglobin (carry oxygen), antibodies to fight infection, and muscles (movement) for our bodies?
PROTEINS
What are Enzymes?
?
What are Enzymes?
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in our bodies.
Enzymes are catalysts in the body that help _____________________.
Name the 3 parts
Enzymes are catalysts in the body that help speed up chemical reactions.
Must know the 3 parts
Reactant that
needs the help of
an enzyme is
called a substrate
Lock & Key
What 2 things affect enzymes ability to do their job?
What 2 things affect enzymes ability to do their job?
Temperature & pH
Chemical ReactionsWhat are the reactants and products of this
reaction?
A + B → C
Chemical ReactionsWhat are the reactants and products of this
reaction?
A + B → CReactants Products
What is Activation Energy?
What is Activation Energy?Energy needed to get a reaction
started
What is the difference between Exergonic and Endergonic
reactions?
Activation Energy (energy needed to get a reaction started)
Energy Released
Energy Absorbed
Energy released during a chemical reaction is in the form of………
__________, ___________, and ___________
Energy released during a chemical reaction is in the form of………
Heat, Light, Sound
A
B
What is the difference between reaction A & B?
A
B
What is the difference between reaction A & B?
