Unit 3

Computers

Reading

Pre-reading

mouse keyboard monitor

What do you know about computer?Can you name some parts of computer?

A huge computer

A PCPalmtop

In the past, if we wanted to do reading, we had to carry a lot of heavy book. But now we needn’t do it, we only need to surf the Internet. Our life has changed easy!

( ) Analytical machine( 分析机 )( ) Laptop( ) Calculating machine( 计算机器 )( ) Robot ／ android( ) PC( ) Universal machine( 通用机器 )

Can you put these inventions in an order according to the time when they appeared?

Reading

Skimming: Go over the story to find out who the speaker is. Write down 3 sentences to support your idea.

It is a computer.

● I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web.

●“My real father was Alan Turing ...”

●I was built as an Analytical Machine by Charles Babbage.”

Fast reading 1. Who am I ?

2. Who built the first analytical machine?

3. Who was the next important person to design computers?

Charles Babbage built the first analytical machine.

Alan Turing was the next important person to design computers.

I am a computer.

What’s the main idea of this passage? A. The development of computers B. The development and use of computers C. A machine which is simple-minded D. Computers may replace human being

Fast-reading

B

1. In 1642 I began as a calculating

machine and could solve any

mathematical problem.

2. My real father was Charles Babbage,

who wrote a book and build me in

1936.

F

F

Alan Turing

True or False?

3. After I got my new transistors in

the 1960s, I became smaller but

cleverer and quicker.

4. I was brought into people’s homes

in the 1970s.

5. Since my birth I have been built to

take the place of human race.

T

T

Fserve

6. Alan Turing built an Analytical Machine to solve any mathematical problems.

7. People began to realize that the computer got cleverer and quicker with time passing.

8. The computer began to serve the human race since it was brought into people’s homes.

F

T

F

9. Since the 1970s, the computer was

used by people around the world

through the Internet.

10. The larger the computer is, the more

memory it has.

T

F

Calculating machine

Analytical machine

Universal machine

Artificial intelligencenetworkInternet

How did computers develop?

(In 1642) (In

1822)

(in 1936)

(In the 1960s)

(In the

1970s)

1642

1822 The analytical machine was made by Charles Babbage.

1936

The computer began as a calculating machine ．

The computer grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower.

Read and finish the timeline below.

Careful- reading

1940s

The first family of computers

was connected to each other.

1970s

now

The computers had grown aslarge as a room.

1960s

Computers were used in offices and homes.

Computers connect people all over the world together.

Read and Complete the chart.

Paragraph 1

Topic sentence

Supporting details

Over time I have been changed quite a lot.

•calculating machine•analytical machine •universal machine•PC•laptop

Paragraph 2

Topic sentence

Supporting details

These changes only became possible as my memory improved

•tubes•transistors•chips•network•World Wide Web

Paragraph 3

Topic sentence

Supporting details

Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.

•communications; finance; trade; robots; mobile phones•medical operations•space rockets•providing a life of high quality

Development

Early days

Name Function Poor

Strong

A _________ machine

Simplify difficult sums

An ________ machine

Think logically and produce an answer quickly

A _________ machine

Solve difficult ______________________

calculating

analytical

universal mathematical problems

Development

Network times_________ stored in

Tubes Large

Small____________Small chips

_________

_____________ Narrow

Wide

Finance________RobotsMobile phones_____________Space rockets

Medical operations

MemoryTransistors

ApplicationsCommunication

Trade

1. “I” in the passage refers to _____.

A. A TV set B. A computer

C. A radio D. The internet

2. When was the computer the biggest?

A. In 1642 B. In 1936

C. In the 1940s D. In the 1970s

Choose the best answer.

B

C

3. How old is the computer?

A. About 370 years old

B About 270 years old.

C. About 170 years old.

D. About 470 years old.

A

4. What can you infer from the text?

A. The computer has artificial

intelligence.

B. The computer changes greatly

over the years.

C. The computer was not connected by

a network until in the early 1960s.

D. Now the computer can only be

used to deal with information.

B

5. Who was the first person to make the

earliest computer?

A. Alan Turing. B. Charles Babbage.

C. Charles Turing. D. Charles Alan.

6. When was the universal machine built?

A. In 1822. B. In 1642.

C. In 1936 . D. In 1940.

B

C

7. What happened to the computer in the

1960s?

A. It was put into robots and used to make

mobile phone.

B. It was given a family connected by a

network.

C. It began to be put into space rockets

D. It began to be used in the offices.

B

1. How did the computer work as

an Analytical Machine?

The computer followed instructions

from cards with holes.

Answer the questions

2. Why did people think the computer

was simple-minded?

Because the computer was made as a

calculating machine and was used to

solve mathematical problems.

3. In how many ways do we say the computer

changed? What are they?

• Size:

• Intelligence:

• Speed:

• Function:

•People’s opinion:

smaller

quicker

cleverer

calculating---dealing with…, communicating with…

clever & useful

Summary

I, the c_________, was a calculating machine

in 1642 in F_______. In 1936, I became a

“u________ machine” to s_____ any

mathematical problem. Since the 1970s I have

been used first as a P___ and then as a l______

in office and h______.

omputer

rance

niversal olve

C aptop

omes

Many changes have happened to my s____,

so my s______ totally changed.

I have been widely used in many fields,

I have also been put into robots to e_______

the Moon and Mars.

ize

hape

xplore

Should high school students surf the internet( 上网 )?

I think high school students should surf the internet because…(first, secondly, thirdly)I think high school students should not surf the internet because…(first, secondly, thirdly…)

Advantages

We can communicate with friends

Listen to the music

See films & watch news

Play games

Do shopping

Save a lot of time

Do a lot of useful things

DisadvantagesSome people especially the teenagers abandon ( 沉迷于 ) themselves to the computer games and chatting on the Internet. As a result, they have little time to study .

Some people use the computer wrongly.

If you spend too much time on it, it will do harm to our health.

ConclusionThere is no doubt that computer has

two sides, too. If we make good use

of it, it will make our lives more colorful

and convenient. But don’t lose yourself

in playing computers. Just remember:

Keep fit, study well and work hard.

2. What is W.W.W?

World wide web.

3. 科学技术Science and technology.

4. 人工智能Artificial intelligence.

5. 笔记本电脑Notebook computer.

1. What is IT?

Information Technology.

考

考

你

palmtop

smaller desktop

convenient laptop

Suppose you are a reporter. Now you are interviewing Mr. / Miss Computer.

Sample questions:

What do you like to eat? What are your hobbies? What is your newest function( 功能 )? Can you say something about your future plan? etc.

… …

Role-play

穿孔卡

通用机器

内存

网络

万维网

card with holes

universal machine

memory

network

World Wide Web

Calculating machine 计算机器

Analytical Machine 分析机

Artificial intelligence 人工智能

Technological revolution 技术革命

Mathematical problem 数学问题

Transistor 晶体管

1 A monitor is

2 The screen is

3 A keyboard is

4 A mouse is

5 A CD-ROM is

6 A hard disk is

Match the words with their meanings.

(a)the part of a computer that stores information.(b)the part of the computer that you type on.(c)the part of the computer that looks like a television(d)something you use to click on things (files, etc.).(e)the part of the monitor that you look at.(f)a separate disk that contains lots of information.

1. calculate v.

1) 计算 ; 核算We haven’t really calculated the cost of

the vacation yet.

我们还没有确切地计算出度假要花多少钱。2) 推测 ; 估计It is important to calculate what influence

he had on her life.

现在无法估计他对她的生活产生多大影响。

Language Points

calculating adj.

斤斤计较个人得失的 ; 自私的calculation n. 计算 calculator n. 计算器calculate on: depend on 指望We are calculating on having fine

weather for the sports meeting.

我们指望着运动会有好天气。be calculated to 被计划成 , 打算eg.The ad. is calculated to attract children.

2. analytical adj. 分析的 , 解析的 analyse vt. 分析 ; 研究 analogy n. 相似 ; 类似 analysis n. 分析 ; 研究 analyst n. 分析家 analytic adj. 分析的 ; 分解的

3. universal adj. 通用的 , 普遍的 , 世界性的

English serves as the universal language

in the world .

It’s the universal usage of this kind of

machine.

4. Over time I have been changed quite a lot.

1) over time 随着时间的推移eg. Can we talk about this over dinner ?

She gradually got better over the summer.

____ the next few days,they got to know the

town well.

A. With B. Over C. For D. At

2) have been changed

现在完成时的被动语态

B

5. Although I was young, I can _________ difficult sums. simplify

vt. 简化 adj. simple 简单的 , 朴素的 simple-minded

sum n. 总数 , 算术题 , 金额in suma large sum of

总之大量 , 许多 ( 不可数名词 )

总之 , 这个计划失败了

他给了我很多食物。In sum, the plan failed.

He gave me a large sum of food.

头脑简单的

6. before conj. 在不同的语境中有不同的含义 : (1) 多久之后才 (2) 在 ... 以前 (3) 以免 , 不然(4) 还没 ... 就 ...( 常和 can 和 could 连用 )eg.(1)It was a long time before I went to sleep last night.(2)I would like to talk to you before you go. (3)Do it before you forget.(4)She hung up the phone before I could answer it.比较 : not….until 直到……才……I didn’t complete the work until one year later.

7. artificial adj. 人工的 , 人造的 artificial flowers/limbs/pearls

假花 / 假肢 / 假珍珠 artificial intelligence 人工智能8. intelligence n ．智力 ; 聪明intelligent adj. 有智力的 ; 聪明的 ; 理解力强的①He is a person of great intelligence.

他是个极聪明的人。②A dolphin is an intelligent animal.

海豚是有智力的动物。

9. As time went by…=With time going by

1) as conj. 随着…… , 引导时间状语从句。As time went on, Einstein's theory proved

to be correct. 随着时间的推移 , 爱因斯坦的理论证明是正确的。表示“随着……”时 , 也可以用 with ，但 with 是介词 , 后面一般不接句子。With the passing of the years, they have

become close friends.

几年过去了 , 他们已成了亲密朋友。

2) go by ( 时间 ) 过去 , 逝去 ; 从…经过 ;

遵循 , 以…来判断① 一辆汽车全速驶过。 A car went by at full speed.

②一星期一星期慢慢地过去了。The weeks went slowly by.

③不要错失这次机会。 Don't let this chance go by.

④那是需要遵守的好规章。That is a good rule to go by.

(1)As time________, she became more and

more anxious about her son's safety.

A. passing B. going by C. passed D. goes by

(2)Three months ________ before we knew it.

A. passed by B. went C. went by D. past

(3)As the wealth of the country increases,

more and more waste will be produced.

=________ the wealth of the country’s

____________, more and more waste will

be produced.

D

C

With

development

(4)With the time________, our anxiety grew.

A. goes by B. going by

C. has gone by D. had gone by

(5) A taxi_______________ ( 刚刚过去 ).

You’ll have to wait a few more minutes.

(6)Things will get easier as time goes by.

(7)The weeks went by slowly.

(8)He was in when I went by yesterday.

has just gone by

B

10. As a result 结果 ; 终于 ; 因此My friend Martin was very sick with a

strange fever; ___, he could neither eat nor

sleep. ( 江西 2005)

A. as a result B. after all

C. any way D. otherwise

[ 点拨 ] 考查短语辨析。 as a result 结果 ;

after all 毕竟 ; any way 不管怎样 ;

otherwise 否则。由句意可知要选 as a result 。

A

without result 毫无结果 , 徒劳的result in 导致 , 结果为result from 因为 , 源自

思维拓展

The fight resulted _____ a bitter(激烈的 ) argument.A bitter argument resulted ______ the fight.

from

in

as a result(=therefore ) As a result of(=because of)

结果 , 因此因为…

He got up late. As a result, he was late for the class.

(1)The river water was seriously polluted. _______, many fish died.A. As a result B. After all C. Thanks to D. If only

(2)He didn’t pass the exam _______ his carelessness.A. Regardless of B. As a result of C. Because D. Since

A

B

(3)The rain had lasted for three days, and

____, we had to cancel the trip to Shanghai.

A. as a result B. as a result of C. result in

D. result from

11. totally adv. 整个地 ; 完全地 totally blind 全盲 total adj. 完全的 ; 整个的 total silence 寂静无声 in total 总共

A

so + adj / adv + that

such + n. ( 名词 )+ that

so that + 句子

如此… .以致于

为了… .

12. And my memory became so large

that even I couldn’t believe it!

(1) He is _____ good a student _______we all like him. A. such; that B. so; who C. such; as D. so; that(2) He is _____ a good student ______we all like him. A. such; that B. so; who C. such; as D. so; that(3) He got up early this morning ______ he could catch the first bus. A. so as to B. so hat C. in order to D. so as

D

A

B

(4) There is ______ much work to do and he was______ worried about finishing it in time that he was quite nervous all day long. A. so; so B. such; such C. so; such D. such; so(5) It was ______ that we went camping in the mountains. A. such nice weather B. such a nice weather C. so nice a weather D. too nice weather

A

A

(6) She has ______ she remembers all

the names of the students she has taught.

A. so good memory

B. good memory

C. such a good memory that

D. such good memory that

C

Summary(小结 )

so+adj./adv.

such+n.

many, much, few 前惯用 so;

little 表示数量少惯用 so; 表示“小”时 ,

如修饰名词则前面用 such;

such a/an +adj.+n.( 单数） =so +adj.+

a/an+n.( 单数 ); 但 such修饰不可数名词或可数名词的复数则不可换成 so.

So hard does he work that he seldom goes home.

so + 形容词 (副词 )+ that…. 结构中so + 形容词 (副词 ) 在句首时 , 句子用倒装结构。He works so hard that he seldom goes home.

So much of interest ____ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.A offers BeijingB Beijing offersC does Beijing offerD Beijing does offer

C

13. alone adj./adv. 独自的 ( 地 ), 单独的 ( 地 ),

可以作表、状语

lonely 孤独的 , 偏僻的 , 荒凉的 可以作定、表语

The old man lived ______ in a ______ house,

but he didn’t feel ______. That is to say, he

was ______ in the house.alone

lonely

alone lonely

14. I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.

1) help (sb) with sth 协助 (某人 )做某事e.g. A man is helping the police with their enquiries. 有一男子在协助警方进行调查。

他不但能讲英语而且还能讲日语。

He can speak English as well as Japanese.

2) as well as 也 , 还 , 而且

连接单词或者短语eg. 这个孩子健康又活泼。This child is lively as well as healthy. 连接两个谓语时 , 时态应保持一致eg. 他亲手建造并装修了这间房屋。He makes as well as docorates the room. 连接两个名词作主语 , 谓语取决于前面的名词eg. 我还有他们都愿意帮助你。I as well as they am willing to help you.

He grows flowers as well as vegetables.She is a talented musician as well as a photographer.

3) 这个句子是现在完成时被动语态 , 其结构是 (have/has +been + 过去分词 )

e.g. The radio has been repaired when

we phoned the shop.

他以及他的父母都喜欢看电影。He as well as his parents _____ watching Movie.

likes

[ 例 1] Professor James will give us a lecture

on the Western culture, but when and

where ______ yet. (浙江 2007)

A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided

C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided

A

[ 点拨 ] 本题考查动词的时态 、语态及主谓一致。由 yet 可知要用完成时态 , 又因时间与地点是被决定的 , 故应用被动语态。此外 , “ 在什么时候和什么地点 (做报告 )” 是指同一件事 , 故用单数形式。

[ 例 2] When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what _______. (四川 2007)A. have marked B. have been marked C. had marked D. had been marked[ 点拨 ] 因 mark 这一动作发生在 get 之前，且试卷是被批注 , 因此应用现在完成时的被动语态。

B

[ 例 3] I got caught in the rain and

my suit ______. (北京 2007)

A. has ruined B. had ruined

C. has been ruined

D. had been ruined

[ 点拨 ] 句意为 : 我遭遇大雨 , 我的衣服

被淋坏了。 ruin 表示的动作发生在 got

caught 之后 , 故排除 B 、 D两项。此处

表示被动 , 所以 C项正确。

C

1) anyhow 无论如何 , 总之 , 反正

Anyhow it’s worth trying.

不管怎样 , 这事值得一试。 ( 句首 )

也许会下雨 , 但我们无论如何都要去。 ( 句末 )

It may rain, but we’ll go anyhow.

I don’t care what you say; I’m going to do it anyhow.

15. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.

eg. I’ve tried, but I can open the door anyhow.

Perhaps I’m not quite fit for the job,

but ______, please let me try.

A. in fact B. anyhow C. so D. otherwise

比较 : somehow 意为“以某种方式 ; 不知

怎么地”

B

2) goal n. 目标 , 目的

品句会意①The winning goal was scored by

Ronaldino. (n.)

②He headed the ball into the open goal

and helped the team win the match. (n.)

射门 , (进球 ) 得分

球门

3) provide vt. 向 ...提供 ..., 供应 ...

provide sb with sth.=provide sth for sb

e.g. We provided the sufferers with food

and clothe. =We provided food and clothes

for the sufferers.

supply sb with sth=supply sth to sb

offer sb sth =offer sth to sb

1. Three s____________ people thinking

together can be smarter than one clever

person. 三个臭皮匠 , 赛过诸葛亮。2. Let me forget you t______ 。 让我死心塌地忘记。 ---《冷酷到底》3. Have you ever heard it when you

____ _____ the river？ 走过那条小河 , 你可 曾听见 ?

---《一个真实的故事》

imple-minded

Enjoy some beautiful sentences

otally

go by

Homework

1. Review the passage

2. Do Ex. 1-3 on P20.

3. Read the story about

Bill Gates.