Unit 5: Part C 21st Century College English: Book 3

Unit 5: Part CUnit 5: Part CUnit 5: Part CUnit 5: Part C

21st Century College English: Book 321st Century College English: Book 3

• Word Building

• Text B

• Listening Practice

• Oral Practice

• Assignment

Unit 5: Part CUnit 5: Part C

American Values and Assumptions

Assignment CheckupAssignment Checkup

Assignment CheckupAssignment Checkup•• Word BuildingWord Building

Ex. VI Ex. VII

《读写教程 III 》 : Ex. VII, p. 142Ex. VII, p. 142《读写教程 III 》 : Ex. VII, p. 142Ex. VII, p. 142

Word BuildingWord Building

The suffix -ism occurs in nouns that refer to beliefs and/or to behavior based on these beliefs.

Study the following words and then complete the sentences below by filling in the blanks with some of them.


patriotism realism pessimism idealism heroism feminism communism extremism socialism capitalism

1.1. There are many versions of __________, but all of them are There are many versions of __________, but all of them are

concerned with women's status in society.concerned with women's status in society.

2.2. One of my classmates was awarded a medal for his One of my classmates was awarded a medal for his

__________ in saving two drowning children.__________ in saving two drowning children.

feminism feminism

heroism heroism

VIIVII . Study the following words and complete the sentences below by . Study the following words and complete the sentences below by filling in the blanks with some of them.filling in the blanks with some of them.



3.3. Facing classroom realities on a daily basis is a good cure for Facing classroom realities on a daily basis is a good cure for

a young teacher's naive __________. a young teacher's naive __________.

4.4. The senator's right-wing __________ was an embarrassment The senator's right-wing __________ was an embarrassment

to more liberal members of his party. to more liberal members of his party.

idealism idealism

extremism extremism





5.5. Joining the army is not the only way to express your Joining the army is not the only way to express your

__________; love for one's country and love of peace can go__________; love for one's country and love of peace can gopatriotismpatriotism


《读写教程 III 》 : Ex. VIII, p. 142Ex. VIII, p. 142《读写教程 III 》 : Ex. VIII, p. 142Ex. VIII, p. 142


The suffix The suffix -ian-ian can form nouns that refer to can form nouns that refer to

a person whose job or hobby involves the thing referred to a person whose job or hobby involves the thing referred to by the root wordby the root word. .

Study the following words and complete the sentences belStudy the following words and complete the sentences below by filling in the blanks with some of them. The words mow by filling in the blanks with some of them. The words marked with *s are new syllabus words.arked with *s are new syllabus words.


musician librarian mathematician *technician

politician beautician *electrician magician historian

1. Oh no, the lights have gone out again! This time we'd better call the __________.

2. Isaac Newton was an English physicist and ______________ who discovered the law of gravity when an apple fell on his head.

electricianelectrician

mathematicianmathematician





3. Johann Sebastian Bach was a German __________ and composer, one of the best known and most popular of all time.

4. It's strange: No one trusts __________, but we let them govern the world.

musicianmusician

politicianpolitician





5. Jane loves books so much, she should become a __________.

6. The recent discovery of a number of well-preserved 8th-century trade documents is of enormous interest to __________.

librarianlibrarian

historianhistorian







7. They are looking for a laboratory __________, who is very good at the detailed technical aspects of the laboratory management.

techniciantechnician

• Pre-Reading Task

• Difficult Points

• Comprehension

Unit 5: Text BUnit 5: Text B

American Values and AssumptionsAmerican Values and Assumptions

Text B: Pre-Reading TaskText B: Pre-Reading Task

《读写教程 III 》 : Ex. XVI, p. 149Ex. XVI, p. 149《读写教程 III 》 : Ex. XVI, p. 149Ex. XVI, p. 149


Reading Comprehension Skill:Reading Comprehension Skill:

Identifying the Writer's Purpose( )ⅡIdentifying the Writer's Purpose( )Ⅱ

Reading Comprehension Skill:Reading Comprehension Skill:

Identifying the Writer's Purpose( )ⅡIdentifying the Writer's Purpose( )Ⅱ

As we learned in Unit 2, reading effectively means recognizing the As we learned in Unit 2, reading effectively means recognizing the

authorauthor''s purpose. Some of the clues that you can watch for to help s purpose. Some of the clues that you can watch for to help

you identify what kind of writing youyou identify what kind of writing you''re dealing with include:re dealing with include:


1) 1) Informational writingInformational writing features facts, observations and evidence, n features facts, observations and evidence, n

ot opinions or value judgements. The writer may present theories to ot opinions or value judgements. The writer may present theories to

explain the facts, but the aim is not so much to change the readerexplain the facts, but the aim is not so much to change the reader''s s

opinion as it is to clarify a question or situation.opinion as it is to clarify a question or situation.

2) 2) Persuasive writingPersuasive writing features emotional appeals: opinions and argu features emotional appeals: opinions and argu

ments, rhetorical questions, evaluating language and/or judgmental ments, rhetorical questions, evaluating language and/or judgmental

language.language.

3) Texts written mainly 3) Texts written mainly to entertainto entertain can, of course, be very varied can, of course, be very varied -- --

but they often use rather informal language, simple sentence structbut they often use rather informal language, simple sentence struct

ure, dialogs, puns and/or figures of speech.ure, dialogs, puns and/or figures of speech.


Before you read Text B, scan it for clues that help you identify the Before you read Text B, scan it for clues that help you identify the writerwriter''s aim. Use the questions below to guide your scanning, then s aim. Use the questions below to guide your scanning, then decide: Is the text informational, persuasive or meant mainly to decide: Is the text informational, persuasive or meant mainly to entertain? entertain?

1. Look at the title and the topic sentences. Is the language that the 1. Look at the title and the topic sentences. Is the language that the

author uses rather formal and serious? informal and light-hearted? author uses rather formal and serious? informal and light-hearted?

or strongly emotional? or strongly emotional?

The language that the author uses is The language that the author uses is rather formal and serious



2. How many times does the author use the words 2. How many times does the author use the words right and wrongright and wrong in in

the text? Is he using these words to make moral judgements?the text? Is he using these words to make moral judgements?

The author uses the words The author uses the words right and wrongright and wrong once each . He is once each . He is using these words to talk about moral judgments, but not to using these words to talk about moral judgments, but not to make them.make them.



3. What quotes do you see in the text? Are they dialogs? Quotes 3. What quotes do you see in the text? Are they dialogs? Quotes

from experts? Or evidence supporting a general observation?from experts? Or evidence supporting a general observation?

They are proverbs/sayings used as evidence to support a general They are proverbs/sayings used as evidence to support a general observation. observation.



4. In addition to the quotes that are full sentences, some single 4. In addition to the quotes that are full sentences, some single

words and short phrases are also set off by quotation marks. words and short phrases are also set off by quotation marks.

Why?Why?

The author himself doesn’t necessarily agree with the views — he The author himself doesn’t necessarily agree with the views — he is merely giving the names that American use. is merely giving the names that American use.



5. Is the text informational, persuasive or meant mainly to entertain? 5. Is the text informational, persuasive or meant mainly to entertain?

It is informational.


Gary Althen

Text B: Difficult PointsText B: Difficult Points


Gary Althen

1 People who grow up in a particular culture People who grow up in a particular culture

share certain values and assumptions. That doesn't mean they all share . That doesn't mean they all share

exactly the same values to exactly the same extent; it does mean thaexactly the same values to exactly the same extent; it does mean tha

t most of them, most of the time, mostly agree with each other's ideat most of them, most of the time, mostly agree with each other's idea

s about what is right and wrong, desirable and undesirable, and so os about what is right and wrong, desirable and undesirable, and so o

n. They also agree, mostly, with each other's assumptions about hun. They also agree, mostly, with each other's assumptions about hu

man nature, social relationships, and so on.man nature, social relationships, and so on.


22 One of the most important things to understand about AmericaOne of the most important things to understand about America

ns is ns is how devoted they are to "individualism". They have been trained si. They have been trained si

nce very early in their lives to consider themselves as separate indivnce very early in their lives to consider themselves as separate indiv

iduals who are responsible for their own situations in life and their oiduals who are responsible for their own situations in life and their o

wn wn destinies. They have not been trained to see themselves as memb. They have not been trained to see themselves as memb

ers of a close-knit, tightly interdependent family, religious group, tribers of a close-knit, tightly interdependent family, religious group, trib

e or nation.e or nation.


33 You can see this in the way Americans treat their children. Even You can see this in the way Americans treat their children. Even

very young children are given opportunities to make their own choicvery young children are given opportunities to make their own choic

es and express their opinions. A parent will ask a one-year-old child es and express their opinions. A parent will ask a one-year-old child

what color balloon she wants, which dessert she prefers, or where swhat color balloon she wants, which dessert she prefers, or where s

he wants to sit. he wants to sit. The child's preference will normally be accommodated. T. T

hrough this process, Americans come to see themselves as separathrough this process, Americans come to see themselves as separat

e human beings who have their own opinions and who are responsibe human beings who have their own opinions and who are responsib

le for their own decisions.le for their own decisions.


44 Indeed, American child-rearing manuals state that the parents' Indeed, American child-rearing manuals state that the parents' objective is for the child to move out of the parents' house and make objective is for the child to move out of the parents' house and make his or her own way in life. his or her own way in life. Americans take this advice very seriously, so much so that someone wh someone who remains dependent on their parents longer than the norm may be to remains dependent on their parents longer than the norm may be thought to be "immature", "hought to be "immature", "tied to the mother's apron strings," or other," or otherwise unable to lead a normal independent lifewise unable to lead a normal independent life

55 Americans are trained to conceive of themselves as separate inAmericans are trained to conceive of themselves as separate individuals, and they assume everyone else in the world is too. When tdividuals, and they assume everyone else in the world is too. When they encounter a person from abroad who seems to them excessively hey encounter a person from abroad who seems to them excessively concerned with the opinions of parents, with following traditions, or concerned with the opinions of parents, with following traditions, or with fulfilling obligations to others, with fulfilling obligations to others, they assume that the person feels trapped, or is weak and "too depend, or is weak and "too dependent."ent."


66 Americans, then, consider the ideal person to be an Americans, then, consider the ideal person to be an individualistic, self-reliant, independent person. They assume, individualistic, self-reliant, independent person. They assume, incorrectly, that people from elsewhere share this value and this incorrectly, that people from elsewhere share this value and this self-concept. self-concept. In the degree to which they glorify "the individual" who stands alone and makes his or her own decisions, Americans are quite distinctive.

77 The American version of the "ideal individual" prefers an The American version of the "ideal individual" prefers an atmosphere of freedom, where neither the government nor any other atmosphere of freedom, where neither the government nor any other external force or agency external force or agency dictates what the individual does. For Americans, the idea of individual freedom is strongly positive. By contrast, people from many other cultures regard some of the behavior Americans justify as "individual freedom“ to be self-centered and lacking in consideration for others.


88 Foreigners who understand the degree to which Americans Foreigners who understand the degree to which Americans

are imbued with the notion that the free, self-reliant individual is the i the notion that the free, self-reliant individual is the i

deal kind of human being will be able to understand many aspects of deal kind of human being will be able to understand many aspects of

American behavior and thinking American behavior and thinking that otherwise might not make sense. .

A very few of the many possible examples:A very few of the many possible examples:

99 Americans see as heroes those individuals who "stand out from th who "stand out from th

e crowd" by doing something first, longest, most often, e crowd" by doing something first, longest, most often, or otherwise

"best." Examples are aviators "best." Examples are aviators Charles Lindbergh and and Amelia Earhart. .


1010 Americans admire people who have overcome adverse circumstAmericans admire people who have overcome adverse circumstances (for example, poverty or a physical handicap) and "succeedeances (for example, poverty or a physical handicap) and "succeeded" in life. Black educator d" in life. Black educator Booker T. Washington is one example; the bl is one example; the blind and deaf author and lecturer ind and deaf author and lecturer Helen Keller is another. is another.

1111 Many Americans do not display the degree of respect for their pMany Americans do not display the degree of respect for their parents that people in more traditional or family-oriented societies coarents that people in more traditional or family-oriented societies commonly display. mmonly display. They have the conception that it was a sort of historical or biological accident that put them in the hands of particular parents, that the parents fulfilled their responsibilities to the children while t, that the parents fulfilled their responsibilities to the children while the children were young, and now that the children have reached "the he children were young, and now that the children have reached "the age of independence" the close child-parent tie is loosened, if not brage of independence" the close child-parent tie is loosened, if not broken.oken.


1212 It isn't unusual for Americans who are beyond the age of about It isn't unusual for Americans who are beyond the age of about

22 and who are still living with their parents to pay their parents for 22 and who are still living with their parents to pay their parents for

room and board. Elderly parents living with their grown children may . Elderly parents living with their grown children may

do likewise. Paying for room and board is a way of showing independo likewise. Paying for room and board is a way of showing indepen

dence, self-reliance, and responsibility for oneself.dence, self-reliance, and responsibility for oneself.

1313

Certain phrases one commonly hears among Americans which capture their devotion to individualism include: include:

1414 “Do your own thing.”“Do your own thing.”

1515 “I did it my way.”“I did it my way.”

1616 “You'll have to decide that for yourself.”“You'll have to decide that for yourself.”


1717 ““You made your bed, now lie in it.”

1818 “God helps those who help themselves.”“God helps those who help themselves.”

1919 ““Look out for number one.”

2020 Closely associated with the value they place on individualism is Closely associated with the value they place on individualism is

the importance Americans assign to privacy. Americans assume that the importance Americans assign to privacy. Americans assume that

people "need some time to themselves" or "some time alone" to people "need some time to themselves" or "some time alone" to

think about things or recover their spent psychological energy. think about things or recover their spent psychological energy.

Americans have great difficulty understanding someone who always Americans have great difficulty understanding someone who always

wants to be with another person, who dislikes being alone. wants to be with another person, who dislikes being alone.


2121 If the parents can afford it, each child will have his or her own bIf the parents can afford it, each child will have his or her own b

edroom. Having one's own bedroom, even as an infant, imbues peopedroom. Having one's own bedroom, even as an infant, imbues peop

le with the notion that they're le with the notion that they're entitled to a place of their own where th a place of their own where th

ey can be by themselves and - notice -- keep their possessions. They ey can be by themselves and - notice -- keep their possessions. They

have their own clothes, toys, books and so on. These things are theihave their own clothes, toys, books and so on. These things are thei

rs and no one else's.rs and no one else's.

2222 Americans assume that people have their "private thoughts" thAmericans assume that people have their "private thoughts" th

at might never be shared with anyone. Doctors, lawyers, psychiatristat might never be shared with anyone. Doctors, lawyers, psychiatrist

s, and others have s, and others have rules governing "confidentiality” that are intended to that are intended to

prevent information about their clients’ personal situations from becprevent information about their clients’ personal situations from bec

oming known to others. oming known to others.


2323 Americans' attitudes about privacy can be difficult for foreignerAmericans' attitudes about privacy can be difficult for foreigner

s to understand. Americans' houses, yards, and even their offices cas to understand. Americans' houses, yards, and even their offices ca

n seem open and inviting, yet, in the Americans' minds, there are bon seem open and inviting, yet, in the Americans' minds, there are bo

undaries that other people are simply not supposed to cross. undaries that other people are simply not supposed to cross.

When the boundaries are crossed, Americans will visibly stiffen and their

manner will become cool

. .


… … share certain values and assumptionsshare certain values and assumptions

ParaphraseParaphrase

??

KeyKey

•• have certain moral principles and beliefs in commonhave certain moral principles and beliefs in common

… … how devoted they are to "individualism“how devoted they are to "individualism“

—— how faithful they are to "individualism"how faithful they are to "individualism"

individualism individualism

—— n.n. the principle or habit of independent thought or the principle or habit of independent thought or actionaction

Note:Note:

Unlike the Chinese term“Unlike the Chinese term“ ”个人主义”个人主义 , , individualismindividualism is no is not a derogatory word in English.t a derogatory word in English.

destinydestiny

— — n.n. fate; that which must or had to happenfate; that which must or had to happen

Example:Example:

•• It was the great man's It was the great man's destinydestiny to lead his country to to lead his country to freedom.freedom.

•• The two men's The two men's destinies destinies were very different.were very different.

The child's preference will normally be accommodatedThe child's preference will normally be accommodated


??

Example:Example:

•• Her Her preferencepreference is for comfortable rather than smart is for comfortable rather than smart clothes.clothes.

•• WWhat is you hat is you preferencepreference in music? in music?

• The childThe child''s choice will usually be approved of by the s choice will usually be approved of by the parentsparents..

preference preference

— — n. something that one likes better than other thingsn. something that one likes better than other things

More to learnMore to learnMore to learnMore to learn

Americans take this advice very seriously, so much so that…Americans take this advice very seriously, so much so that…


??

KeyKey

•• Americans consider this advice (offered by child-Americans consider this advice (offered by child-rearing manuals) to be very important and worth rearing manuals) to be very important and worth following, to such an extent thatfollowing, to such an extent that ... ...

Americans take this advice very seriously, so much so that…Americans take this advice very seriously, so much so that…

so much so thatso much so that

— — to such an extent thatto such an extent that

Examples:Examples:

• He was very weak, He was very weak, so much so thatso much so that he couldn’t walk. he couldn’t walk.

• We are very busy — We are very busy — so much so thatso much so that we can’t manage we can’t manage to take a holiday this year.to take a holiday this year.

Examples:Examples:

• Unlike her brothers, Alice is rather Unlike her brothers, Alice is rather tied to their mothetied to their mother's apron stringr's apron string..

• She went back to work shortly after her baby was borShe went back to work shortly after her baby was born, because she didn't want to n, because she didn't want to be tied to the apron strinbe tied to the apron strings ofgs of home and family. home and family.

……tied to the mother's apron strings…tied to the mother's apron strings…

— — be controlled by sb.be controlled by sb.

KeyKey

• ……they think that the person must feel caught in an they think that the person must feel caught in an unpleasant situation and unable to escape…unpleasant situation and unable to escape…

……they assume that the person feels trapped…they assume that the person feels trapped…


??

KeyKey

• Americans are quite unusual in their praise of the Americans are quite unusual in their praise of the successful, self-reliant, independent person — they successful, self-reliant, independent person — they praise him much more highly than other peoples do. praise him much more highly than other peoples do.

InIn the degree to which they glorify “the individual” who stands the degree to which they glorify “the individual” who stands alone and makes his or her own decisions, Americans alone and makes his or her own decisions, Americans are are quite distinctivequite distinctive. .


??

be distinctive (in sth.)be distinctive (in sth.)

— — be different from others (in sth.)be different from others (in sth.)

KeyKey

• ……tell an individual what he or she should do…tell an individual what he or she should do…

……dictate what the individual does… dictate what the individual does…


??

KeyKey

• ……some of the behavior which Americans have good some of the behavior which Americans have good reason to call “individual freedom”reason to call “individual freedom”……

……some of the behavior Americans justify as “individual some of the behavior Americans justify as “individual freedom”freedom” … …


??

be imbued withbe imbued with

— — be filled with (a feeling, idea, etc.)be filled with (a feeling, idea, etc.)

Examples:Examples:

• She was imbued with a sense of self-worth by him.She was imbued with a sense of self-worth by him.

……that otherwise might not make sense.that otherwise might not make sense.

KeyKey

• ……but if they don't, American behavior and thinking but if they don't, American behavior and thinking might seem insensible. might seem insensible.


??

……see as heroes those individuals who…see as heroes those individuals who…

KeyKey

• ……regard those individuals who ... as heroesregard those individuals who ... as heroes


??

or otherwise or otherwise

(used to indicate other possibilities in addition to what is (used to indicate other possibilities in addition to what is already mentioned) or in another way already mentioned) or in another way

Examples:Examples:

• People who spoke out against the regime were People who spoke out against the regime were executed, jailed executed, jailed or otherwiseor otherwise persecuted. persecuted.

Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh

Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh,, 查尔斯查尔斯 ·· 林德伯林德伯格（格（ 19021902－－ 1974)1974)

an American aviator, engineer, and an American aviator, engineer, and Pulitzer Prize winnerPulitzer Prize winner, was the first p, was the first person to make a nonstop solo flight erson to make a nonstop solo flight across the Atlantic on May 20-21, 19across the Atlantic on May 20-21, 1927. Other pilots had crossed the Atla27. Other pilots had crossed the Atlantic before him, but Lindbergh was ntic before him, but Lindbergh was the first person to do it alone nonstothe first person to do it alone nonstop.p.

Amelia EarhartAmelia Earhart

Amelia EarhartAmelia Earhart,, 阿米莉娅阿米莉娅 ··埃尔哈特（埃尔哈特（ 18971897－－ 1974)1974)

an American aviator, was noted for her flights across the an American aviator, was noted for her flights across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and her attempt to fly around Atlantic and Pacific oceans and her attempt to fly around the world. She was the first woman to receive the world. She was the first woman to receive the Distingthe Distinguished Flying Crossuished Flying Cross awarded by the United States Congr awarded by the United States Congress. She described the flight in the book 20 Hrs. 40 Min. ess. She described the flight in the book 20 Hrs. 40 Min. (1928); she later wrote (1928); she later wrote The Fun of ItThe Fun of It (1931). In 1932 she b (1931). In 1932 she became the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean alecame the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean alone, establishing a new record for the crossing: 13 hr 30 one, establishing a new record for the crossing: 13 hr 30 min. For this feat she was awarded honors by the Americmin. For this feat she was awarded honors by the American and French governments. In 1935 she became the first an and French governments. In 1935 she became the first woman to fly the Pacific Ocean.woman to fly the Pacific Ocean.

Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washington

Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washington 布克布克 ·T··T· 华盛顿华盛顿（（ 18561856 －－ 19119155 ））was an American educator, wwas an American educator, who urged blacks to attempt to ho urged blacks to attempt to uplift themselves through educuplift themselves through educational attainments and econoational attainments and economic advancementmic advancement..

Helen KellerHelen Keller

Helen Keller Helen Keller 海伦海伦 ··凯勒（凯勒（ 1880--19681880--1968））American lecturer and writer Helen Keller overcame sevAmerican lecturer and writer Helen Keller overcame severe physical disabilities, inspiring many other people to siere physical disabilities, inspiring many other people to similar accomplishments. Deaf and blind from the age of 1milar accomplishments. Deaf and blind from the age of 19 months, Keller learned to communicate with the help o9 months, Keller learned to communicate with the help of her teacher, Anne Sullivan. Sullivan taught Keller to ref her teacher, Anne Sullivan. Sullivan taught Keller to read Braillead Braille （盲文）（盲文） and to "listen" by feeling a speaker's and to "listen" by feeling a speaker's face. Keller graduated from Radcliffe College in 1904 anface. Keller graduated from Radcliffe College in 1904 and authored a number of books about her experiences.d authored a number of books about her experiences.

They have the conception that it was a sort of historical or They have the conception that it was a sort of historical or biological accident that put them in the hands of particular biological accident that put them in the hands of particular parents …parents …

KeyKey

• They believe that it was quite by chance that they were They believe that it was quite by chance that they were born to certain parents, ...born to certain parents, ...


??

room and boardroom and board

— — food and accommodationfood and accommodation

boardboard

— — n. daily meals in rented accommodationn. daily meals in rented accommodation

certain phrases ... capture their devotion to individualism …certain phrases ... capture their devotion to individualism …

KeyKey

•• certain expressions ... reflect their faith in certain expressions ... reflect their faith in individualism individualism


??

More to learnMore to learnMore to learnMore to learn

capturecapture

— — vt. successfully represent in picture, music, or wordsvt. successfully represent in picture, music, or words

certain phrases ... capture their devotion to individualism …certain phrases ... capture their devotion to individualism …

Examples:Examples:

• With his camera he tried to With his camera he tried to capturecapture changes that took changes that took place before his eyes.place before his eyes.

• It would be impossible to It would be impossible to capturecapture her beauty in words her beauty in words

"You made your bed, now lie in it.""You made your bed, now lie in it."

KeyKey

• "You chose to do it and you will have to face up to the "You chose to do it and you will have to face up to the consequence however unpleasant it is."consequence however unpleasant it is."


??

Look out for number one.Look out for number one.

— — 谋求自身的利益谋求自身的利益

Example:Example:

• He's always He's always looking out for number onelooking out for number one. (= He takes . (= He takes care of himself only.)care of himself only.)

Number oneNumber one

— — (infml) oneself(infml) oneself

entitled toentitled to

— — have the right tohave the right to

Example:Example:

•• I felt entitled to know how my money is being spent.I felt entitled to know how my money is being spent.

rules governing "confidentiality"rules governing "confidentiality"

KeyKey

• official instructions on keeping secret the information official instructions on keeping secret the information about their clientsabout their clients


??

When the boundaries are crossed, Americans will visibly When the boundaries are crossed, Americans will visibly stiffen and their manner will become cool. stiffen and their manner will become cool.

KeyKey

• When the privacy is invaded, Americans will obviously When the privacy is invaded, Americans will obviously stop being friendly and become indifferent.stop being friendly and become indifferent.


??

Text B: ComprehensionText B: Comprehension

《读写教程 III 》 : Ex. XVII, p. 156Ex. XVII, p. 156《读写教程 III 》 : Ex. XVII, p. 156Ex. XVII, p. 156

Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.


1. The author clearly believes that American culture ______.1. The author clearly believes that American culture ______.

A.A. is better than other culturesis better than other cultures

B.B. is full of problems that Americans should do something is full of problems that Americans should do something about itabout it

C.C. can be puzzling to people from other culturescan be puzzling to people from other cultures

1. The author clearly believes that American culture ______.1. The author clearly believes that American culture ______.

A.A. is better than other culturesis better than other cultures

B.B. is full of problems that Americans should do something is full of problems that Americans should do something about itabout it

C.C. can be puzzling to people from other culturescan be puzzling to people from other cultures



2. 2. According to the author, Americans are devoted to According to the author, Americans are devoted to ““individualismindividualism” ” because __________.because __________.

A.A. they have been trained to see themselves as separate they have been trained to see themselves as separate individuals who are responsible for themselvesindividuals who are responsible for themselves

B.B. their parents rarely refuse their requeststheir parents rarely refuse their requests

C.C. they have learned from an early age that they can’t rely they have learned from an early age that they can’t rely on on their familiestheir families

2. 2. According to the author, Americans are devoted to According to the author, Americans are devoted to ““individualismindividualism” ” because __________.because __________.

A.A. they have been trained to see themselves as separate they have been trained to see themselves as separate individuals who are responsible for themselvesindividuals who are responsible for themselves

B.B. their parents rarely refuse their requeststheir parents rarely refuse their requests

C.C. they have learned from an early age that they can’t rely they have learned from an early age that they can’t rely on on their familiestheir families



3. 3. The author observes that for Americans, being dependent on The author observes that for Americans, being dependent on one's parents longer than the norm is _____.one's parents longer than the norm is _____.

A.A. criminal behaviorcriminal behavior

B.B. a sign that something may be wronga sign that something may be wrong

C.C. a feature of loving, close-knit familya feature of loving, close-knit family

3. 3. The author observes that for Americans, being dependent on The author observes that for Americans, being dependent on one's parents longer than the norm is _____.one's parents longer than the norm is _____.

A.A. criminal behaviorcriminal behavior

B.B. a sign that something may be wronga sign that something may be wrong

C.C. a feature of loving, close-knit familya feature of loving, close-knit family



4. 4. Americans' assumption that everyone in the world sees him -- Americans' assumption that everyone in the world sees him -- or herself as a separate individual ________.or herself as a separate individual ________.

A.A. springs from their own culture trainingsprings from their own culture training

B.B. leads to misunderstanding with people from other leads to misunderstanding with people from other culturescultures

C.C. both A and Bboth A and B

4. 4. Americans' assumption that everyone in the world sees him -- Americans' assumption that everyone in the world sees him -- or herself as a separate individual ________.or herself as a separate individual ________.

A.A. springs from their own culture trainingsprings from their own culture training

B.B. leads to misunderstanding with people from other leads to misunderstanding with people from other culturescultures

C.C. both A and Bboth A and B



5. 5. The author notes that ________.The author notes that ________.

A.A. it’s unfair to criticize Americans for being self-centered it’s unfair to criticize Americans for being self-centered and and lacking in consideration for otherslacking in consideration for others

B.B. Americans are foolish to consider individual freedom Americans are foolish to consider individual freedom strstrongly positiveongly positive

C.C. there’s more than one point of view when it comes to whthere’s more than one point of view when it comes to what at Americans call “individual freedom”Americans call “individual freedom”

5. 5. The author notes that ________.The author notes that ________.

A.A. it’s unfair to criticize Americans for being self-centered it’s unfair to criticize Americans for being self-centered and and lacking in consideration for otherslacking in consideration for others

B.B. Americans are foolish to consider individual freedom Americans are foolish to consider individual freedom strstrongly positiveongly positive

C.C. there’s more than one point of view when it comes to whthere’s more than one point of view when it comes to what at Americans call “individual freedom”Americans call “individual freedom”



6. 6. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? passage?

A.A. many Americans believe that ties between children and many Americans believe that ties between children and parents naturally loosen when child is old enough to live parents naturally loosen when child is old enough to live

an an independent life.independent life.

B.B. In America, grown children living with parents often pay In America, grown children living with parents often pay for for their room and board in order to show independence antheir room and board in order to show independence and d self-reliance.self-reliance.

C.C. In America, where children don’t display the right degreIn America, where children don’t display the right degree of e of respect for parents, elderly parents living with grown respect for parents, elderly parents living with grown chchildren often have to pay for their room and board.ildren often have to pay for their room and board.

6. 6. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? passage?

A.A. many Americans believe that ties between children and many Americans believe that ties between children and parents naturally loosen when child is old enough to live parents naturally loosen when child is old enough to live

an an independent life.independent life.

B.B. In America, grown children living with parents often pay In America, grown children living with parents often pay for for their room and board in order to show independence antheir room and board in order to show independence and d self-reliance.self-reliance.

C.C. In America, where children don’t display the right degreIn America, where children don’t display the right degree of e of respect for parents, elderly parents living with grown respect for parents, elderly parents living with grown chchildren often have to pay for their room and board.ildren often have to pay for their room and board.



7. 7. The expression “You made your bed, now lie in it” can be best iThe expression “You made your bed, now lie in it” can be best interpreted as ________.nterpreted as ________.

A.A. “You can’t expect your mother to make your bed for you,“You can’t expect your mother to make your bed for you, since you sleep in it.” since you sleep in it.”

B.B. “You have the right to decide for yourself whom you wa“You have the right to decide for yourself whom you want to nt to marry.”marry.”

C.C. “Your actions and decisions are your own responsibility,“Your actions and decisions are your own responsibility, so so you must live with the results.you must live with the results.

7. 7. The expression “You made your bed, now lie in it” can be best iThe expression “You made your bed, now lie in it” can be best interpreted as ________.nterpreted as ________.

A.A. “You can’t expect your mother to make your bed for you,“You can’t expect your mother to make your bed for you, since you sleep in it.” since you sleep in it.”

B.B. “You have the right to decide for yourself whom you wa“You have the right to decide for yourself whom you want to nt to marry.”marry.”

C.C. “Your actions and decisions are your own responsibility,“Your actions and decisions are your own responsibility, so so you must live with the results.you must live with the results.



8. 8. Americans value privacy because they feel that people ______.Americans value privacy because they feel that people ______.

A.A. need time and place where they can sometimes be aloneneed time and place where they can sometimes be alone

B.B. should never share their thoughts with othersshould never share their thoughts with others

C.C. stiffen and become cool when they cross certain boundastiffen and become cool when they cross certain boundariesries

8. 8. Americans value privacy because they feel that people ______.Americans value privacy because they feel that people ______.

A.A. need time and place where they can sometimes be aloneneed time and place where they can sometimes be alone

B.B. should never share their thoughts with othersshould never share their thoughts with others

C.C. stiffen and become cool when they cross certain boundastiffen and become cool when they cross certain boundariesries

Listening & Speaking IIIListening & Speaking III

Listening PracticeListening Practice

• Conversation 2

• Passage 2


《听说教程 III 》Part 4.3, p.67

《听说教程 III 》Part 4.3, p.67

Conversation 2Conversation 2


QuestionsQuestionsQuestionsQuestions

6.6. A.A. He agrees at once.He agrees at once.

B.B. He hesitates.He hesitates.

C.C. He rejects the idea immediately.He rejects the idea immediately.

D.D. He is indifferent to the idea.He is indifferent to the idea.


7.7. A.A. Eating less than necessary.Eating less than necessary.

B.B. Trying to lose weight quickly.Trying to lose weight quickly.

C.C. Getting all the necessary vitamins and minerals.Getting all the necessary vitamins and minerals.

D.D. Preparing a list of all things and loads of recipes Preparing a list of all things and loads of recipes for for all sort of meals.all sort of meals.


8.8. A.A. The man thinks going on a diet never works for hiThe man thinks going on a diet never works for him.m.

B.B. If the man did as the woman suggested, he would If the man did as the woman suggested, he would succeed.succeed.

C.C. The man did go on a diet before, but he failed.The man did go on a diet before, but he failed.

D.D. They are sure that they can lose weight quickly.They are sure that they can lose weight quickly.


9.9. A.A. Coffee.Coffee.

B.B. Tea.Tea.

C.C. Cakes.Cakes.

D.D. Sugar.Sugar.


Check-upCheck-upCheck-upCheck-up

10.10. A.A. Losing weight should be gradual.Losing weight should be gradual.

B.B. Losing weight is impossible.Losing weight is impossible.

C.C. Losing weight will lead to a cheaper life.Losing weight will lead to a cheaper life.

D.D. Going swimming is the best way to lose weight.Going swimming is the best way to lose weight.


6.6. How does the man respond when the woman decides they How does the man respond when the woman decides they should go on a diet?should go on a diet?

A.A. He agrees at once.He agrees at once.




6.6. How does the man respond when the woman decides they How does the man respond when the woman decides they should go on a diet?should go on a diet?

A.A. He agrees at once.He agrees at once.





7.7. What does the woman mean when she first refers to a What does the woman mean when she first refers to a balanced diet?balanced diet?

A.A. Eating less than necessary.Eating less than necessary.




7.7. What does the woman mean when she first refers to a What does the woman mean when she first refers to a balanced diet?balanced diet?

A.A. Eating less than necessary.Eating less than necessary.





8.8. Which one of the following statements is NOT true?Which one of the following statements is NOT true?

A.A. The man thinks going on a diet never works for hiThe man thinks going on a diet never works for him.m.




8.8. Which one of the following statements is NOT true?Which one of the following statements is NOT true?

A.A. The man thinks going on a diet never works for hiThe man thinks going on a diet never works for him.m.





9.9. What should the man give up?What should the man give up?

A.A. Coffee.Coffee.

B.B. Tea.Tea.

C.C. Cakes.Cakes.

D.D. Sugar.Sugar.

9.9. What should the man give up?What should the man give up?

A.A. Coffee.Coffee.

B.B. Tea.Tea.

C.C. Cakes.Cakes.

D.D. Sugar.Sugar.


ScriptScriptScriptScript

10.10. What can we infer from the conversation?What can we infer from the conversation?

A.A. Losing weight should be gradual.Losing weight should be gradual.




10.10. What can we infer from the conversation?What can we infer from the conversation?

A.A. Losing weight should be gradual.Losing weight should be gradual.





W:W: John, we’ve got to go on a diet!John, we’ve got to go on a diet!

M:M: Oh, no, not again. It never works for me.Oh, no, not again. It never works for me.

W:W: It would work if you listened to me and made an effort.It would work if you listened to me and made an effort.

M:M: All right. What is it this time?All right. What is it this time?

W:W: Well, first of all, we should plan a balanced diet. We should Well, first of all, we should plan a balanced diet. We should make sure that we’re getting all the necessary vitamins and make sure that we’re getting all the necessary vitamins and minerals and things like that.minerals and things like that.

M:M: That sounds like homework!That sounds like homework!

W:W: Don’t worry. I’ve got a list of all things here and loads of recipes Don’t worry. I’ve got a list of all things here and loads of recipes for all sorts of meals. Secondly, we shouldn’t try to lose weight for all sorts of meals. Secondly, we shouldn’t try to lose weight quickly. It doesn’t work, because you lose energy and feel quickly. It doesn’t work, because you lose energy and feel hungry all the time. I think it’s better to feel good and lose hungry all the time. I think it’s better to feel good and lose weight slowly.weight slowly.

M:M: So how long is this diet going to go on?So how long is this diet going to go on?

W:W: Until we feel we’re the right weight. Maybe each of us should Until we feel we’re the right weight. Maybe each of us should give up something which is bad for us. You know — I should give up something which is bad for us. You know — I should give up cakes and you should give up sugar in tea and coffee.give up cakes and you should give up sugar in tea and coffee.

M:M: Ugh!Ugh!

W:W: Oh, come on, you can do it! It’ll make life cheaper as well.Oh, come on, you can do it! It’ll make life cheaper as well.

M:M: True. Cakes are getting quite expensive!True. Cakes are getting quite expensive!

W:W: And how about some exercise? We should take up swimming And how about some exercise? We should take up swimming again. We both enjoyed that, didn’t we?again. We both enjoyed that, didn’t we?

M:M: Yes, I would like to go swimming again. All right, let me think Yes, I would like to go swimming again. All right, let me think about it for a day or two.about it for a day or two.

W:W: Why think about it? Why not start now?Why think about it? Why not start now?

M:M: Because I’m hungry.Because I’m hungry.


《听说教程 III 》Part 4.3,p.68

《听说教程 III 》Part 4.3,p.68


Passage 2Passage 2


QuestionsQuestionsQuestionsQuestions

6.6. A.A. Some of the most successful films are based on sSome of the most successful films are based on science cience fiction stories.fiction stories.

B.B. Hundreds of titles are published every year.Hundreds of titles are published every year.

C.C. It attracts a lot of readers.It attracts a lot of readers.

D.D. All of the above.All of the above.


7.7. A.A. Science fiction has developed recently.Science fiction has developed recently.

B.B. They have the same theme about Mars.They have the same theme about Mars.

C.C. They are both concerned with the form of ideal They are both concerned with the form of ideal society.society.

D.D. Science fiction is the basis of modern stories.Science fiction is the basis of modern stories.


8.8. A.A. They write about men from Mars.They write about men from Mars.

B.B. They write space adventures stories.They write space adventures stories.

C.C. They mostly predict the results of technical They mostly predict the results of technical devedevelopment on society.lopment on society.

D.D. They write about the problems of present society.They write about the problems of present society.


9.9. A.A. Because science fiction imagines a future world Because science fiction imagines a future world which which is a reflection of the present world.is a reflection of the present world.

B.B. Because science fiction is always written by Because science fiction is always written by politicians.politicians.

C.C. Because science fiction mainly deals with Because science fiction mainly deals with conflicts conflicts between nations.between nations.

D.D. Because science fiction is mainly related to Because science fiction is mainly related to politics.politics.


Check-upCheck-upCheck-upCheck-up

10.10. A.A. Science fiction reflects technical advances.Science fiction reflects technical advances.

B.B. Science fiction helps governments to make decisiScience fiction helps governments to make decisions.ons.

C.C. Science fiction promotes the development of scienScience fiction promotes the development of science ce and technology.and technology.

D.D. Science fiction provides valuable lessons on how tScience fiction provides valuable lessons on how to o deal with the problems the world will inevitably facdeal with the problems the world will inevitably face.e.


6.6. Why can we say science fiction is popular today?Why can we say science fiction is popular today?

A.A. Some of the most successful films are based on Some of the most successful films are based on science fiction stories.science fiction stories.




6.6. Why can we say science fiction is popular today?Why can we say science fiction is popular today?

A.A. Some of the most successful films are based on Some of the most successful films are based on science fiction stories.science fiction stories.





7.7. What similarity is there between the ancestors of science What similarity is there between the ancestors of science fiction and some modern stories?fiction and some modern stories?

A.A. Science fiction has developed recently.Science fiction has developed recently.




7.7. What similarity is there between the ancestors of science What similarity is there between the ancestors of science fiction and some modern stories?fiction and some modern stories?

A.A. Science fiction has developed recently.Science fiction has developed recently.





8.8. What future developments do science fiction authors write What future developments do science fiction authors write about?about?

A.A. They write about men from Mars.They write about men from Mars.




8.8. What future developments do science fiction authors write What future developments do science fiction authors write about?about?

A.A. They write about men from Mars.They write about men from Mars.





9.9. Why do their books sometimes have political undertones?Why do their books sometimes have political undertones?

A.A. Because science fiction imagines a future world Because science fiction imagines a future world which which is a reflection of the present world.is a reflection of the present world.




9.9. Why do their books sometimes have political undertones?Why do their books sometimes have political undertones?

A.A. Because science fiction imagines a future world Because science fiction imagines a future world which which is a reflection of the present world.is a reflection of the present world.





ScriptScriptScriptScript

10.10. How can science fiction be useful?How can science fiction be useful?

A.A. Science fiction reflects technical advances.Science fiction reflects technical advances.




10.10. How can science fiction be useful?How can science fiction be useful?

A.A. Science fiction reflects technical advances.Science fiction reflects technical advances.





Amongst the most popular books being written today are those Amongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction. Hundreds of titles are which are usually classified as science fiction. Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people. published every year and are read by all kinds of people. Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.been based on science fiction stories.

It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is still often found in modern stories.still often found in modern stories.

Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last one hundred years. Books by writers such as written within the last one hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G. Wells, to mention just two well-known authors, Jules Verne and H.G. Wells, to mention just two well-known authors, have been translated into many languages.have been translated into many languages.

Modern science fiction writers don’t write about men from Mars Modern science fiction writers don’t write about men from Mars or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human the results of technical developments on society and the human mind, or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the mind, or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world in which we now live. because of this, their writing has world in which we now live. because of this, their writing has obviously political undertones.obviously political undertones.

In an age where science fact frequently overtakes science In an age where science fact frequently overtakes science fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we advances. Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going, however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal are going, however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology and come to terms with a continually master its new technology and come to terms with a continually changing view of the world.changing view of the world.


• Activity 1

• Activity 2

Oral PracticeOral Practice

Expressing SimilaritiesExpressing Similarities

Have many things in common.

There isn’t much difference between …

More or less the same.

Roughly similar.

Neither one of them is anywhere near as …

DiscussionDiscussionDiscussionDiscussion

FunctionFunctionExpressing DifferencesExpressing Differences

have very little in common

isn’t anywhere near as … as

there’s a large number of differences between

a lot more (bigger) than …

quite different from …

unlike …


Pair WorkPair Work

Make comparisons Make comparisons Make comparisons Make comparisons

Getting married and staying single

Leaning English and learning Chinese

Life now and life ten years ago


Topic Topic

11Topic Topic

11

Topic Topic

22Topic Topic

22

TopicTopic

33TopicTopic

33

Topics for ArgumentTopics for ArgumentTopics for ArgumentTopics for Argument ArgumentArgument


Topic Topic

11Topic Topic

11America is the best place to live in.America is the best place to live in.

FOR FOR AGAINSTAGAINST

more chances of being more chances of being educatededucated

more good jobsmore good jobs higher living standardhigher living standard more freedommore freedom better transportationbetter transportation perfect welfare systemperfect welfare system ……

serous prejudice serous prejudice problemproblem

frequent unemploymentfrequent unemployment higher crime ratehigher crime rate less friendlinessless friendliness more pressure in workmore pressure in work higher living expenseshigher living expenses ……


Topic Topic

22Topic Topic

22

TopicTopic

33TopicTopic

33

Topic Topic

22Topic Topic

22

Which of the following is the most important eleWhich of the following is the most important ele

ment for a nation in the world arena?ment for a nation in the world arena?

• political statuspolitical status

• economic statuseconomic status

• military statusmilitary status


Topic Topic

11Topic Topic

11

TopicTopic

33TopicTopic

33

TopicTopic

33TopicTopic

33

How does a nation play an important role in the How does a nation play an important role in the

world?world?• Maintains the peace of the worldMaintains the peace of the world• Provides aid to poor nationsProvides aid to poor nations• Promotes the development of science and Promotes the development of science and

technologytechnology• Respects other countriesRespects other countries


Topic Topic

11Topic Topic

11

Topic Topic

22Topic Topic

22

1.1. Read Text C, Unit 5Read Text C, Unit 5

2.2. Do exercises:Do exercises:

•• Ex. XIX Ex. XIX (p. 159)(p. 159)

•• Ex. XXEx. XX (p. 161)(p. 161)

3.3. Preview Text A, Unit 6Preview Text A, Unit 6

AssignmentAssignmentAssignmentAssignment

Documents

Unit 5: Part C 21st Century College English: Book 3