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Facilitate Open Science Training for European Research
Predstavitev odprtega dostopa do publikacij in raziskovalnih podatkov
Za sodelavce knjižnic Univerze v Ljubljani
Univerza v Ljubljani, Kongresni trg 12, Ljubljana, 25. september 2014
THE ROLE OF LIBRARIANS IN OPEN ACCESS (OA) TO PUBLICATIONS AND OPEN RESEARCH DATA UNDER THE UMBRELLA OF EC OPEN ACCESS POLICY
Remedios Melero. Spanish National Research Council
Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 International
By "open access" to this literature (scholarly publications), we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for
copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.
Budapest Open Access Initiative (14 February 2012)
Gratis Libre
+
OA Green route…
OA repositories
Gold route
…OA
journals
Europe vs open access
The Commission has carefully analysed the effects of open access policies on the scientific publishing market, both by means of a study and of a public consultation in 2006. These are available at: http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/page_en.cfm?id=3185 In August 2008 The EC announce Which parts of FP7 will be covered by the open access pilot? The pilot covers approximately 20% of the FP7 budget and will apply to specific areas of research under the 7th Research Framework Programme (FP7): Health Energy Environment Information and Communication Technologies (Cognitive Systems, Interaction, Robotics), Research Infrastructures (e-Infrastructures); Socio-economic Sciences and Humanities; Science in Society
How was Open Access implemented in FP7?
• General framework: EC and ERC Guidelines
• Special Clause 39 in Grant Agreements
• Best effort to achieve open access to publications
• Choice between the two routes: GREEN and GOLD OA
• Deposit in repository is mandatory (through author or publisher)
• Maximum embargo of 6 months (science, technology, medicine)
and 12 months (humanities and social sciences)
• Support provided by OpenAIRE, IPR Helpdesk, others
• Support activities developed during the running of FP7
http://www.openaire.eu/
http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-
society/index.cfm?fuseaction=public.topic&id=1301
In Horizon 2020, both the ‘Green’ and ‘Gold’ models are considered valid
approaches to achieve open access.
All projects will be requested to immediately deposit an electronic
version of their publications (final version or peer-reviewed manuscript) into
an archive in a machine-readable format.
The Commission will allow an embargo period of a maximum of six months,
except for the social sciences and humanities where the maximum will
be twelve months (due to publications’ longer ‘half-life’)
The Commission encourages authors to retain their copyright and to grant
licences to publishers, according to the rules applying in Member States.
In addition, the Commission will to set up a pilot scheme on open access to
and re-use of research data generated by projects in selected areas of
Horizon 2020
In designing and implementing the pilot the Commission will take into
account possible constraints on making research data openly
accessible which may pertain to privacy, national security or data, and
know-how and knowledge brought into projects as inputs.
http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/document_library/pdf_06/ recommendation-access-and-preservation-scientific-information_en.pdf
HEREBY RECOMMENDS THAT MEMBER STATES: Open access to scientific publications 1. Define clear policies for the dissemination of and open access to scientific publications resulting from publicly funded research. These policies should provide for: – concrete objectives and indicators to measure progress; – implementation plans, including the allocation of responsibilities; – associated financial planning. Ensure that, as a result of these policies: – there should be open access to publications resulting from publicly funded research as soon as possible, preferably immediately and in any case no later than six months after the date of publication, and twelve months for social sciences and humanities; – licensing systems contribute to open access to scientific publications resulting from publicly-funded research in a balanced way, in accordance with and without prejudice to the applicable copyright legislation, and encourage researchers to retain their copyright while granting licences to publishers;
What changes in Horizon2020?
• Update of Guidelines • New clauses in Grant Agreements • OA to publications is mandatory for all projects • OA to data piloted for 7 selected areas • Member States are requested to develop and align national OA policies and infrastructures
What to deposit
• The final peer-reviewed manuscript, accepted for publication, including all modifications from the peer review process OR • A machine-readable copy of the published version (usually a PDF document) In principle this applies to all kinds of publications, but emphasis is on peer-reviewed journal articles
Where to deposit
• Institutional repository OR • Disciplinary repository (arXiv, Europe PubMed Central, etc.) OR • Zenodo (www.zenodo.org) if none of the above is available – a EC cofunded, multidisciplinary repository, for publications & data
When to deposit • Each beneficiary must deposit as soon as possible and at the latest on publication. • Open access must be ensured immediately or after an embargo period: • GREEN – 6-12 months depending on the research area and the choice of journal • GOLD – inmediately
“…Open access to scientific results and data is a great way to boost science, boost the economy, and enable new techniques and collaborations between disciplines. Really it's quite simple: it's about ensuring you can see the results you've already paid for through your taxes….”
H2020 areas participating in the pilot
• Future and Emerging Technologies
• Research infrastructures – part e-Infrastructures
• Leadership in enabling and industrial technologies – Information and Communication Technologies
• Societal Challenge: 'Secure, Clean and Efficient Energy' – part Smart cities and communities
• Societal Challenge: 'Climate Action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw materials' – except raw materials
• Societal Challenge: 'Europe in a changing world – inclusive, innovative and reflective Societies'
• Science with and for Society
Projects in other areas can participate on a voluntary basis
Requirements of the open data pilot
1. Develop (and update) a Data Management Plan ( deliverable within first 6 months)
2. Deposit in a research data repository
3. Make it possible for third parties to access, mine, exploit, reproduce and disseminate data – free of charge for any user
4. Provide information on the tools and instruments needed to validate the results (or provide the tools)
Exemptions – reasons for opting out
• If results are expected to be commercially or industrially exploited • If participation is incompatible with the need for confidentiality in connection with security issues • Incompatible with existing rules on the protection of personal data • Would jeopardise the achievement of the main aim of the action • If the project will not generate / collect any research data • If there are other legitimate reason to not take part in the Pilot Can opt out at proposal stage OR during lifetime of project. Should describe issues in the project Data Management Plan
Key points to deposit and comply with EC open access policy to scholarly publications
• Publish where you decide
• Check publishers archiving policies
• Authors should try to hold at least part of their rights
• Add an addenda if publisher does not allow depositing any version of the paper
• Deposit version of record or a copy of the accepted peer reviewed version
How librarians can assess authors to comply with?.................
The 4 P’s are essential to advocacy (las 4 Ps
esenciales para la promoción)
Passion
Purpose
People
Persuasion
Maitrayee Ghosh (2011). Advocacy for open access: a selected
review of the literature and resource list. Library Hi Tech News
Number 2 2011
http://scholars.sciencecommons.org/
http://www.sparc.arl.org/resources/authors/addendum-2007
***
Where to find Publishers copyright policies & self-archiving
Un proyecto para el análisis ….http://www.accesoabierto.net/dulcinea/
OAKlist http://www.oaklist.qut.edu.au/database/Basic.action
http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/fact/
SHERPA/FACT is a tool to help researchers check if the journals in
which they wish to publish their results comply with their funder's
requirements for open access to research.
Ejemplo… revista Food, ¿cumple con las política de OA de la Wellcome Trust? Resultado:
http://howopenisit.org/lookup/
FundRef http://www.crossref.org/fundref/
Publishers deposit funding information from articles and other content using a standard taxonomy of funder names. This funding data is then made publicly available through CrossRef's search interfaces and APIs for funders and other interested parties to analyze.
39
Researchers’ green open access practice: a cross-disciplinary analysis. Spezi et
al., 2013 (https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/dspace-jspui/handle/2134/12324). Some results from the EC-funded Publishing and the Ecology of European Research (PEER) project (http://www.peerproject.eu/)
Motivations for repository deposit, by type of repository chosen
40
Method of deposit in institutional repositories, by broad discipline group
Method of deposit in subject-based repositories, by broad discipline group
http://www.tandfonline.com/page/openaccess/opensurvey/2014
Explain the advantages of OA
Reasons for self-archiving
Factors not to upload your article
Create change in researchers habits
The value of Research data. Metrics for datasets from a cultural and technical point of view. http://www.knowledge-exchange.info/datametrics
Recommendations targeted at the most important stakeholders involved in the
promotion and generation of data sharing
Research Institutions
• Promote policies of data sharing
• Promote arguments and incentives in
favour of data sharing
• Provide options and alternatives to the
different types of data sharing activities
• Professionalize staff and standardize
data sharing activities (collection,
curation, dissemination)
Libraries • Promote data publications and data
citations
• Coach scholars and research managers in
their data publication and citation activities
• Inform authors about other data sharing
stakeholders (e.g. funders, repositories, data
centres)
• Develop tools to find data repositories
• Develop and test appropriate metrics
Science as an Open Enterprise. The Royal Society Science Policy Centre report 02/12. Avaliable at http://royalsociety.org/policy/projects/science-public-enterprise/report/
The Denton Declaration: An Open Access Data Manifesto. A product of the 3rd Annual University of North Texas Symposium on Open Access, 2012.
Principles
http://openaccess.unt.edu/denton-declaration
Data Citation Cycle
Ver Piwowar et al. (2013) Data reuse and the open data citation advantage. PeerJ PrePrints 1:e1v1 http://dx.doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.1v1
Papers studies that created gene expression microarray data and made them available GEO data (Gene Expression Omnibus) received more citations than those for which data were not available
Bertil Dorch, (2012) On the Citation Advantage of linking to data. http://hprints.org/hprints-00714715
Papers published in The Astrophysical Journal from 2000 to 2010 with links to data archived in ADS (Astrophysical Data System)
Papers with links to data receiving on the average 50% more citations per paper per year, than the papers without links to data
Papers published between 1993 y 2010 in journal Paleoceanography with links to data archived in PANGAEA®
http://www.komfor.net/blog/unbenanntemitteilung
Publicly available data were thus significantly associated with about 35% more citations per article than the average of all articles sampled over the 18-year study period, and the increase is fairly consistent over time (14 of 18 years).
Wicherts JM, Bakker M, Molenaar D (2011) Willingness to Share Research Data Is Related to the Strength of the Evidence and the Quality of Reporting of Statistical Results. PLoS ONE 6(11):
e26828. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026828
The unwillingness to share data was particularly clear when reporting errors had a bearing on statistical significance (papers published in psicology journals)
Advocate for open access!
Some ideas (i)……….
• Work with authors to show the benefits of self-archiving in the
repository, with clear ideas, provide “solutions” and dissipate doubts
• Disclose "success stories"
• Create guides to help archiving in the IR, and practice presentations for
authors
• Create and provide support on copyright issues
Present your IR in faculty meetings, seminars, conferences etc.
Publish articles and news about your IR in journals, bulletins,
blogs, or any other institutional media
Identify communities or relevant faculty staff who could
collaborate showing the advantages and benefits of open access
to scientific outputs
Some ideas (ii)……….
Incentive authors, examples:
• Economic support to working groups (Not economic individual rewards)
• Top “40 lists” (popularity)
• Create services on top of the repositories (Cvs, web pages, scientific networks, altmetrics…)
• Integrate other information systems with your repository (information ecology)
• Statistics
•….
CV linked to publications in a repository
Subject communities
Repositorio institucional de la
Universidad de Rochester
CV a partir de los objetos del repositorio
Facilitate deposits…..
http://bibapp.org/
With BibApp, it’s easy to see what publications can be placed on the Web for greater access and impact. BibApp can push those publications directly into an institutional or other repository.
VIVO en la Univ. de Cornell
Co-authorship
Map of science according author’s disciplines
Overview of of the altmetrics landscape by Richard Cave, D.
http://www.slideshare.net/rcave/overview-of-the-altmetrics-landscapeOverview
https://repinf.pbworks.com/w/page/13779436/Usage-reporting-and-metrics
Statistics….
http://www.knowledge-exchange.info/Default.aspx?ID=365
Practical Recommendations
• Implement service to facilitate deposits
“unique multi-use window” (interoperability)
• If a work cannot be OA “push the button” (Request Copy Add-on
• Recommend existing open licenses like CC, open data, ..
• If your institution has a publishing house recommend OJS for
publication and management of journals + implement plugin OJS
Openaire (to be harvested directly)
• Interoperabilty with your CRIS (Current Research Information System)
• Create services for authors (Cvs, statistics….)
