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Updated Status of the PAL-XFEL Vacuum System
April. 2, 2014
Donghyun Na PAL VACUUM GROUP
POHANG ACCELERATOR LABORATORY
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
The design and fabrication procedures are basically based on the previous work done by the vacuum group
of LCLS, European XFEL, PSI and FERMI@ELETTRA.
We thank to them for the helpful discussions and the
reference materials!
Acknowledgement
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Contents
I. Introduction of PAL-XFEL
II. Linac Vacuum system
III. Undulator Vacuum system
IV. Summary
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Schedules for Fabrication and Installation
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Installation start
Extrusion test (U-chamber)
Completion of installation
RF conditioning start Injector commissioning
Commissioning start
Abrasive flow polishing test
1st prototype (BC, Collimator) 3rd prototype (U-chamber: Ver. 3)
1st prototype (U-chamber)
2nd prototype (U-chamber: Ver. 2)
Purchase order (Gate valve, CCG…)
2011
Concentrated on Al surface study
XFEL project start
ITF installation
Purchase order (Small vacuum components)
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
July 20, 2013 August 2, 2013
March. 18, 2014
Building Construction
Dec. 2013
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Injector Linac
Undulator
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Vacuum system Requirement
- Pressure @ RF gun ~ 1 x 10-10 mbar (cathode lifetime, dark current)
- Pressure @ Accelerating column < 5 x 10-7 mbar (RF break down)
- Symmetric beam pipe and RF shielded components are needed
RF photocathode gun (Cu cathode) - VTO technology (STS chamber, 450oC, 24 h, 1E-9 mbar O2) - P~3E-11 mbar without RF power - Less than 5E-10 mbar with RF power
Injector Vacuum
- Outgassing rate: 2x10-14 mbar l/s cm2
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
- Pressure @ Klystron window < 5 x 10-8 mbar (RF break down)
- Pressure @ Accelerating column < 5 x 10-7 mbar
- RF shielding for joint and bellows are not needed (?)
Linac Vacuum
Vacuum system Requirement
- Surface roughness < 200 nm (100 nm)
- Surface oxide layer < 5 nm (10 nm)
- Pressure < 1 x 10-5 mbar (beam-gas interaction)
- RF shielding for joint and bellows are needed
Undulator Vacuum
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Layout of Linac Vacuum
SIP(60 l/s)
CCG
SIP(60 l/s)
CCG
L1 L2, L3, L4
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Pressure profile of the accelerating colummn
(In case for some SIP failure)
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Modeling of Bunch compressor2
Bunch compressor Vacuum system
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
1st Prototype of Bunch compressor2 Dimension of Bunch compressor2
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Requirements of Bunch compressor
Bunch compressor Vacuum system
Al6063 T5 (Extrusion) Bimetal flange - Friction welding
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
• Bending Magnet Vacuum chamber (rectangular) 1) Inner dimension: 100 x 25 mm, thickness 2 mm 2) roughness: < 250 nm 3) material: Al6063 4) relative permeability(μr): < 1.03
• Drift chamber (circular) 1) O.D 42 mm, I.D 38 mm for Quadrupole chamber 2) O.D 100 mm, I.D 92 mm for Drift chamber 3) relative permeability(μr): < 1.03 for Q-chamber
• Diagnostic section 1) Two sputter ion pump near diagnostic instrument to reduce pressure rise induced by collimator, slotted foil and screen 2) One cold cathode gauge to measure pressure 3) E-BPM, Collimator, Slotted foil, Screen will be placed
1st Prototype of Bunch compressor2
Vacuum gauge
Slotted foil
Energy BPM
Screen
Energy collimator
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Collimator (Energy and Geometry)
Energy Collimator Geometry Collimator
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Requirements of Collimator
Collimator (Energy and Geometry)
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
1st Prototype of Collimator Vacuum system Modeling of Collimator
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
288 mm Individual jaw movement
OFHC Cu
1st Prototype of Collimator Vacuum system
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Layout of Undulator Vacuum
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Layout of Undulator Vacuum
s SIP
1 2 3 4 5 6 18
s SIP s SIP s SIP s SIP s SIP s SIP s SIP s SIP s SIP s SIP
17 16 7
s SIP
Seeding section
(No space for gate valve between U-chambers)
(20 L/s)
HX Undulator
5 m 1 m CCG CCG
8
s SIP
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
(Ver. 3)
LCLS PAL Ver. 2 PAL Ver. 3
Undulator Length [m] Undulator Gap [mm] Saturation length [m]
3.4 6.8
5.0 7.2
115.7
5.0 8.3
128.8
Quantity (required/fab.) Material Aperture (VxH) [mm] Thickness [mm] Flatness Clearance(pole to ch.) [mm]
33/40 A6063-T5
5 x 11
0.5±0.05 < 50 0.4
33/40 A6063-T5/T6
5.2 x 11 (racetrack)
0.5+0.05,-0.1 < 100 0.5
33/40 A6063-T5/T6
6.7 x 13.4 (elliptical) 0.4±0.05 < 100 0.4
Change of Undulator and Vacuum Chamber
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Change of U-Chamber Cross section
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Die / Tip Design & Build
0.5 mm ± 10 um Precision Machining Abrasive Flow Polishing
Surface Analysis
6m extrusion chamber
U-Chamber Fabrication Procedure
Extrusion in the controlled gas environment
Controlled gas (Ar + O2)
Special extrusion die
Special extrusion procedure
To prevent exposure to ambient air during extrusion process
Vacuum chamber
Gas hole
Extrusion tip
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
⑦
Chemical polishing procedure
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Chemical polishing system diagram
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
0.5 mm ± 10 um
Chamber thickness
0.51
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.55
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
(mm
)
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
(mm
)
0.5 mm ± 100 um
Precision machining results
(Ver. 1)
(Updated)
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Precision machining results
-0.05
-0.03
-0.01
0.01
0.03
0.05
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031(mm
)
Less than 30 um
Chamber flatness
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Roughness Result Roughness measurement after abrasive flow machining
∫=l
xa dxfl
R0
)(1
270nm
200 nm
100 nm
300nm
130 nm
40 nm
640x640 (um)
270 nm 300 nm
beam direction perpendicular direction
1.8 um
1.1 um
0.6 um
extrusion only
extrusion & AFM
SiC#600 40hrs
extrusion & AFM
Al2O3#320 40hrs
420 nm
151 nm
83 nm
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Oxide thickness - TEM images May, 2013
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Oxide thickness - TEM images March, 2014
Abrasive flow polishing
Chemical polishing
Test is ongoing
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Undulator Inter-section (ver 3)
LVDT corrector
phase shifter quadrupole cavity BPM
pumping spool
corrector limit sensor mover beam loss monitor Limit sensor
Beam direction
Undulator and Intersection Vacuum system
Length 1 m
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Undulator Inter-section (ver 3)
Cross section of Undulator Intersection
RF shielded Al tube in Pumping spool
Inter-section Vacuum chamber
Undulator and Intersection Vacuum system
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Undulator Inter-section (ver 3)
QM chamber (Al, I.D 9 mm)
bellows (SST 316L)
Al tube(I.D 9 mm) (for RF shield)
friction welding
Aluminum welding RF contact
RF contact
Pumping slit (Al, 20 x 1 mm, 10 ea)
Al tube(I.D 9 mm) (for RF shield)
bellows (SST 316L)
undulator chamber (Al, 6.7 x 13.4 mm)
Undulator intersection (cross section)
Beam direction
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Undulator Inter-section (ver 3)
undulator chamber (Al, 6.7 x 13.4 mm)
Phase shift chamber (Al, I.D 9 mm)
bellows (SST 316L)
Al tube (I.D 9 mm) (for RF shield)
friction welding Aluminum welding Al tube(I.D 9 mm)
(for RF shield)
PNW-15 flange (SST 316L)
BLM (O.D 19 mm)
Undulator intersection (cross section)
Beam direction
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Ф11 Ф9 Ф11
Ф9
Ver 2
Ver 3
5.2 x 11 mm (race track)
Phase shifter chamber BPM Quadurpole chamber
Quadurpole chamber BPM Phase shifter chamber Pumping spool
Pumping spool
Minimized Cross section change
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Reduced welding joint steps
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
3rd Proto-type Undulator intersection
Friction welding (SST316L / Al6063)
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Pumping down test of U-chamber
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Pumping down curve
20 h to reach 1E-6 torr
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Summary
Injector vacuum • Combination of SIP and NEG is used for the gun vacuum (low 10-10 mbar) • ITF vacuum installation finished & commissioning is on going • ITF gun vacuum will be optimized for the PAL-XFEL gun
Linac vacuum • Much experience of S-band linac vacuum system with PLS-II linac
Bunch compressor, collimator • Design of bunch compressor and collimator finished recently • Purchase order of the 1st prototype BC in 2013.11 • 1st prototype collimator is fabricated (2014.03)
Undulator vacuum • 3rd prototype of U-chamber is now being fabricated • Satisfies RF requirements (roughness<200 nm, oxide layer<5 nm) • 3rd version of the undulator intersection fabricated (2014.03) • Chemical polishing technique is developed for the U-chamber (for better quality control)
포항가속기연구소 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
Thank you for your attention