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Upregulated expression of human netro phil peptides 1 2 and3(HNP1-3) in co lon cancer serum and tumours: a bioma ker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1 ,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen Ga mmeltof 1 ,Jesper Olesen 2 ,Benny Winther 1 an d Hans Raskov 3 BMC Cancer 2005,5:8 doI:10.1186/14 71-2407/5/8 This article is available from :http://www.biom edcentral.com1471-2407/5/8 學學 : 學學學 91390453

Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

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Page 1: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1, 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer seru

m and tumours: a biomaker study

Jakob Albrethsen*1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen Gammeltof1,Jesper Olesen2,Benny Winther1 and Hans Raskov3

BMC Cancer 2005,5:8 doI:10.1186/1471-2407/5/8

This article is available from :http://www.biomedcentral.com1471-2407/5/8

學生 : 徐玉瑾 91390453

Page 2: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

93 年臺灣地區主要癌症死亡率趨勢圖

順位

合計癌症死亡原因 死亡人數 每十萬人口

死亡率死亡百分比

1 肺癌 7153 31.58 19.67

2 肝癌 7059 31.17 19.42

3 結腸直腸癌 3898 17.21 10.72

4 女性乳癌 1339 12.04 3.68

5 胃癌 2500 11.04 6.88

Page 3: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

常見的腫瘤標記 (Tumor marker)

• 人類絨毛膜促性腺素 (HCG): 絨毛膜癌• 抑鈣素 (calcitonin): 甲狀腺髓狀癌• 兒茶酚胺 (catecholamine) 及其代謝物 : 嗜鉻細胞瘤及其相

關腫瘤 - 胎蛋白 (-fetoprotein; AFP): 肝癌、卵黃囊腫瘤• 癌胚抗原 (CEA): 大腸癌、胰臟癌、肺癌、胃癌、乳癌• 神經特異性烯醇 (NSE): 肺臟小細胞肺癌、神經母細胞瘤• 前列腺酸性磷酸 (PAP) 及前列腺特異性抗原 (PSA) : 前列

腺癌• 免疫球蛋白 : 骨髓瘤• CA-125: 卵巢腫瘤• CA-19-9: 大腸癌、胰臟癌• CA-15-3: 乳癌

Page 4: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

Abstract

由於 molecular marker 技術的應用對於偵測結腸癌的位置和治療後的癒後評估是有其必要性的,蛋白質的研究產生出許多臨床上 biomaker 的研究,此篇 paper ,分析血清和腫瘤中的蛋白質成分,找到結腸癌的 biomaker

Page 5: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

Background

1. 結腸癌病人的若沒有發生轉移現象,通常有 75 %的患者有五年存活率,若發生轉移就只有 5~10 %的存活率。

2. 近年來,有利用 SELDI-TOF/MS 測試各種 cancer 的protein marker ,鑑別 cancer 是否轉移的研究。

3. 此篇 paper 是利用 SELDI-TOF/MS 分析 colon cancer serum and tumour ,找到一個 protein marker: HNP1~3 (alfa-defensin 1~3)

Page 6: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

4. HNP1~3 在 tumour microenviroment 中,較 normal colon tissue 表現量高。在 serum 也是有相同的狀況。研究中發現相較於健康者的 serum ,

結腸癌病人的 serum 中有較高濃度的 HNP1~3 。

5.By size exclusion analysis 發現 HNP1~3 bind 到 high mass plasma protein 。

6.Higher Conc HNP 1~3 in tumor 對於哺乳細胞是致死的。而 few ( 微乎其微 ) HNP 1~3 in normal colon cell (or healthy serum) 不是致死的。

Page 7: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

HNP1~3

屬於 defensin family of peptides 的一部份,是 immune system 的基本成分,具有 kill/inactive 病原體的能力。 Defensin 的主要功能是調節先天與後天免疫系統。

此篇 paper 討論 HNP1~3 對於 tumour microenviroment 可能的影響

Page 8: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

Method

藉由 Surface Enchanced Laser Desorption/Lonisation-Time Of Flight/Mass spectrometry(SELDI-TOF/MS)

比較結腸癌血清和健康人的血清蛋白質的數據量表,還有比較 colon tumours and normal colon tissue的蛋白質的數據量表。

藉由 size exclusion chromatography 研究 HNP1-3high mass plasma proteins 。藉由 microflow 研究HNP1-3 在 mammalian cells 的影響

Page 9: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

Surface Enchanced Laser Desorption/Lonisation-Time Of Flight/Mass spectrometry(SE

LDI-TOF/MS)利用雷射脈衝使晶片中的分析物解析形成荷電離子,根據不同質荷比,這些離子在儀器場中飛行的時間長短不一,

由此繪製出一張質譜圖來。

Protein chips + MALDI-TOF based instrument

different chromatographic surfaces(e. g. anion exchanger cation exchanger reverse phase)

Page 10: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

SELDI

Page 11: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

SELDI ProteinChip

Page 12: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

SELDI-TOF/MS

NP20 chip

IMAC30(Ni) chip

Page 13: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

Tissue

Np20 chip

Serum

IMAC30

chip

40 40

125 100

Page 14: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen
Page 15: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

Size Exclusion (Gel filtration)

• Separation of proteins based on their size: • The beads are composed of dextran polymers, aga

rose, polyacrylamide. Each bead contains pores of approximate macromolecule sizes. Larger molecules will travel through less pores, thus migrate faster. Smaller molecules will travel through more pores, thus migrate slower.

UV

ab

sorb

ance

V0

Vi Vt

Larger Protein

Smaller Protein

Page 16: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

free defensin 1-3

流出順序

20kDa2~4kDa

Page 17: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

By size exclusion analysis 發現 HNP1~3 bind 到 high mass plasma protein 。

Higher Conc HNP 1~3 in tumor 對於哺乳細胞是致死的。而 few ( 微乎其微 ) HNP 1~3 in normal colon cell (or healthy serum) 不是致死的。

Page 18: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

Cytoxic assay

將 MDCK cells( 狗腎細胞株 ) 和純化出來各階段的 peptide 結合, Calcein ( 一種細胞質螢光標記物,本身無螢光,滲入細胞後細胞內酯酶催化生成的水溶性綠色螢光物質不易透出細胞。 ) 加入含有 HNP1-3 的階段, 由螢光顯微鏡去觀察累積在細胞株上面的 Calcein 。來測試由結腸腫瘤純化出來的 HNP1-3 的細胞毒素

Page 19: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

含有 HNP1-3 的細胞株可吸收 Calcein

暴露在 HNP1-3 的細胞出現擴散和擴大細胞核並且有 apoptosis 的現象

Page 20: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

By size exclusion analysis 發現 HNP1~3 bind 到 high mass plasma protein 。

Higher Conc HNP 1~3 in tumor 對於哺乳細胞是致死的。而 few ( 微乎其微 ) HNP 1~3 in normal colon cell (or healthy serum) 不是致死的。

Page 21: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

Function of HNP1-3

相關的研究顯示高濃度的 HNP1~3(10-4M)對細胞株而言是一細胞毒素,低濃度的 HNP1~3(10-8~10-9M) 會促進腫瘤細胞株的生長。

根據以上結論,此篇研究顯示由結腸腫瘤純化出來微量的 HNP1~3 會造成 MDCK cells 溶解。

Page 22: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

Conclusions1. 腫瘤內高濃度的 HNP 1-3 可以殺死 tumor

cells( mammalian cells )保護 host

2. bind to HLA(人類白血球抗原 ) -Class II molecules之後還原 HLA-DR-restricted T-cell line 在刺激之後的激增

3.幫助 cancer cells躲避免疫反應。4.Defensins 可調節全身性的免疫反應。5. HNP 1-3 會使白血球聚集到感染的地方。

Page 23: Upregulated expression of human netrophil peptides 1 , 2 and3(HNP1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomaker study Jakob Albrethsen* 1,Rikke Bøgebo,Steen

6.提昇免疫反應(刺激腫瘤激增):腫瘤利用 proangiogenic(前血管生成 ) 和新陳代謝的影響去活化增生免疫細胞。

7. 過多的 HNP 1-3 中和 tumour microenvironment 裡的 receptor 。

8.HNP1~3 與 high mass plasma proteins 結合後釋放到發炎處,擴散到血管中。即可在不同組織的腫瘤中發現

9.當作結腸癌的 marker 與診斷工具結合運用在臨床上