U.S. ImperialismU.S. Imperialism

The “New” DiplomacyThe “New” Diplomacy

Monroe Doctrine - 1823Monroe Doctrine - 1823

Cornerstone of U.S. foreign policy in the Cornerstone of U.S. foreign policy in the Western HemisphereWestern Hemisphere

USA warned Europe NOT to interfere in USA warned Europe NOT to interfere in Western Hemisphere - no new colonies!Western Hemisphere - no new colonies! would be considered a threat to the peace would be considered a threat to the peace

and safety of the U.S.and safety of the U.S.

U.S. won’t interfere in Europe or with U.S. won’t interfere in Europe or with existing colonies (isolationism)existing colonies (isolationism)

Theodore Roosevelt’s Theodore Roosevelt’s “Big Stick Policy”“Big Stick Policy”

T.Roosevelt’s CorollaryT.Roosevelt’s Corollary to the Monroe to the Monroe DoctrineDoctrine U.S. would not allow foreign nations to U.S. would not allow foreign nations to

collect debts by forcecollect debts by force U.S. would intervene and collect the debts U.S. would intervene and collect the debts

for them for them → U.S. acted as International → U.S. acted as International Police PowerPolice Power

““Speak softly but carry a big stick; you will Speak softly but carry a big stick; you will go far”go far”

““Policeman of the Policeman of the Western Hemisphere”Western Hemisphere”

Theodore Roosevelt and Theodore Roosevelt and the “Big Stick” policythe “Big Stick” policy

Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrineto the Monroe Doctrine

Example: Roosevelt and Example: Roosevelt and the the

Panama CanalPanama Canal Attempts to negotiate a deal with Attempts to negotiate a deal with

Colombia to build a canal through the Colombia to build a canal through the province of Panama failedprovince of Panama failed

Roosevelt supported an uprising in Roosevelt supported an uprising in Panama by sending the US navy to park Panama by sending the US navy to park off the coastoff the coast

Panama Panama → independent and signed → independent and signed agreement for US to construct canalagreement for US to construct canal

Construction of the Canal Construction of the Canal was an accomplishment of was an accomplishment of modern technologymodern technology

Importance of the CanalImportance of the Canal

Move navy from Move navy from ocean to ocean - no ocean to ocean - no need for 2 ocean need for 2 ocean fleetfleet

Greatly reduced the Greatly reduced the time for goods to be time for goods to be transportedtransported

US better able to US better able to protect its interestsprotect its interests

Taft’s Dollar DiplomacyTaft’s Dollar Diplomacy

Mildly expansionistMildly expansionist Depended on investors’ dollars rather Depended on investors’ dollars rather

than military powerthan military power Goal: to promote U.S. trade by Goal: to promote U.S. trade by

supporting American businesses supporting American businesses overseasoverseas

Examples of Dollar Examples of Dollar DiplomacyDiplomacy

1911 – attempted to have American 1911 – attempted to have American bankers included in international plan to bankers included in international plan to invest in railroads in Chinainvest in railroads in China

1912-Taft ordered Marines into 1912-Taft ordered Marines into Nicaragua when civil war threatened to Nicaragua when civil war threatened to prevent repayment of US bank loanprevent repayment of US bank loan

Wilson’s Moral DiplomacyWilson’s Moral Diplomacy

A moral approach to foreign affairsA moral approach to foreign affairs Opposed imperialism, the “big stick” and Opposed imperialism, the “big stick” and

dollar diplomacydollar diplomacy U.S. would respect other nations’ rights U.S. would respect other nations’ rights

and would support the spread of and would support the spread of democracydemocracy

Goal: Do the right thing and lead by Goal: Do the right thing and lead by exampleexample

Examples of Moral Examples of Moral DiplomacyDiplomacy

1916 - In the Philippines- territorial status 1916 - In the Philippines- territorial status and promised independenceand promised independence

1917 - Puerto Rico- U.S. citizenship 1917 - Puerto Rico- U.S. citizenship granted to Puerto Rican people; granted granted to Puerto Rican people; granted limited self-governmentlimited self-government

1914 - Panama Canal – Congress 1914 - Panama Canal – Congress repealed law granting U.S. ships repealed law granting U.S. ships exemption from paying tollsexemption from paying tolls

Moral Diplomacy failedMoral Diplomacy failed

1915 – sent Marines into 1915 – sent Marines into Haiti civil warHaiti civil war

1917 – sent Marines into 1917 – sent Marines into the Dominican Republicthe Dominican Republic

In Mexico – “Watchful In Mexico – “Watchful Waiting” – for Waiting” – for government supporting government supporting civil rights & free civil rights & free elections elections

1914 – U.S. troops sent 1914 – U.S. troops sent to occupy the Mexican to occupy the Mexican port of Vera Cruzport of Vera Cruz

1916 – Pancho Villa 1916 – Pancho Villa raided New Mexico, raided New Mexico, killing 19 Americans; killing 19 Americans; Wilson sent forces into Wilson sent forces into northern Mexico until northern Mexico until 19171917