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5-1 fu;krkssaesao`f¼HkkjresatkWcl`tuds fy,vR;f/dvko';dekxZç'kLrdjrhgSAmnkgj.kdsfy,]o"kZ2001ls2006rddh5o"kZdhvof/esagh]Jeç/kufu;kZrksalsphuizkFkfedf'k{kkdsJfedksadsfy,70fefy;uukSdfj;k¡l`ftrdjusesaleFkZgqvkgS(yksl,oavU;2015)AHkkjresa]c<+sgq,fu;kZrksals;gLi"VgksrkgSfdo"kZ1999vkSj2011dschpdhvof/esayxHkx8]00]000tkWcdkvukSipkfjdlsvkSipkfjdesaifjorZugqvkgS]tksJfedcyds0-8izfr'krdk|ksrdgS(varjkZ"Vªh;JelaxBudhfjiksVZ]2019)A

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0%

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10%

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20%

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1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

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World Exports (Goods)World Exports (Services) Indian Exports (goods) Indian Exports (Services)

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-1%

1%

3%

5%

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1993-94

1997-98

2001-02

2005-06

2009-10

2013-14

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101usVodZmRiknksads{ks=kesafu;kZr&fo'ks"kKrk}kjkjkstxkj&l`tuvkSjfodkl

102 vkfFkZd leh{kk 2019-20 [k.M 1

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lzksr%;w,udkWeVsªM(MCY;wVhVh,l)MkVkcsldsvk/kjijchjkef.k],jkFkvkSjxqIrk(2018)

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0.006 0.016

0.053

0.247

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

2000

2003

2006

2009

2012

2015

IndiaChina

0.011 0.021

0.072

0.301

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

2000

2003

2006

2009

2012

2015

IndiaChina

0.591

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0.82

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0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

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fVIi.kh%pkjJs.kh;ksdsvarxZrO;kikjmRiknksadsoxhZdj.kdslaca/esackDl2ns[ks

fp=k 4 ([k)% phu ds xSj&rsy O;kikfjd fu;kZrksa dk la?kVu

29.3%

53.0%

30.7% 16.3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Capital IntensiveNatural Resource IntensivePrimaryUnskilled Labor Intensive

51.1%

72.7%

35.5%

20.5%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Capital IntensiveNatural Resource IntensivePrimaryUnskilled Labor Intensive

esathohlhesaHkkjrdhHkkkxhnkjheq[;fu;kZrdjk"Vªksadhrqyukesa]vis{kkd`rdejgh(vkFkqdksjkyk]2014_ohjkef.kvkSjèkhj]2017_ohjkef.k]2019)A

5-10 blds foijhr] phudk fu;kZr la?kVu] iwathO;kih m|ksxksa (fo'ks"kdj bysDVªkWfuDl vkSj fo|qre'khujhesaikjaifjdJfedO;kihm|ksxksavkSjmRiknuizfØ;kvksadsJfed O;kihvoLFkkvksa esavR;fèkd>qdkodksn'kkZrkgSAdbZo"kks±dsnkSjkublesadehdsgksrsgq,Hkhvdq'kyJfedO;kihmRiknudkvuqikrHkkjrdhrqyukesaphudsfu;kZrlewgesavfèkdgS(fp=k4([k)AviusO;kikjmnkjhdj.kdsizFken'kd (1980&1990)ds nkSjku phuds fu;kZr esao`f¼eq[;r%vdq'kyJfedO;kihmRiknksaesabldsfo'ks"khdj.kijvkèkkfjrFkh_phudsfu;kZrlewgesabldhfgLlsnkjho"kZ1980esa27-8izfr'krlsc<+djo"kZ1990esa46-5izfr'krgksxbZAnwljhvksj]Hkkjrdsfu;kZrlewgesavdq'ky&JfedO;kihmRiknksadk

vuqikro"kZ2000lsle;iwoZfxjkoVeglwldjuslsigys]o"kZ1980&2000dhvofèkesayxHkx30izfr'krjgk(ohjkef.k]2012[k)A

5-11 ;|fiiwathO;kihmRiknksadhphuds fu;kZrlewg esa Hkkjrds fu;kZr lewg ls mPprjvuqikrgS] fiQj Hkhnks fo"ke&iSVuks± ijcynsukegRoiw.kZgSA igyk ;g gS fd] ns'k ds ikjaifjd vdq'kyJfed O;kih mRiknksa ds yxHkx nks n'kdksa (o"kZ1980&2000)rd]dhfrZeku&izeq[k fu;kZro`f¼dscknphuls iwath O;kih mRiknksads fu;kZrks± esa o"kZ2000rdo`f¼gqbZAbldsfoijhrHkkjresa,slhdksbZlaØkafrughavkbZAnwljk;ggSfd]Hkkjrdsizfrdwy]phu ls iwath O;kih mRiknksa dh fu;kZr o`f¼ (thohlh)esafgLlsnkjhdsmPpLrj}kjkgqbZgSAo"kZ1990dsn'kdrdphudhfu;kZrlaoèkZuuhfr;kaT;knkrjblds?kjsywm|ksxksadksoSf'odJ`a[kykvksadsvarxZr,dhd`rdjusdhdk;ZuhfrijvkfJrjghgSaA

ckWDl 2% O;kikj&mRiknksa dk ?kVd l?kurk oxhZdj.k

fp=k4(d)esalwfprewY;ksadkizkDduyfguywisuvkSjoSuejsfoftd(2008)}kjkvuqdwfyrvarjkZ"Vªh;O;kikjdsanz(vkbZVhlh)ds?kVdizcyrkoxhZdj.kdkiz;ksxdjdsfd;kx;kgStksekudvarjkZ"Vªh;O;kikjds3vadh;LrjijikapfoLr`r?kVdizcyrk{ksf.k;ksadseè;varjdjrkgSA=kh&vadh;@3fMftVLrjijdqy240mRiknksadksikapJsf.k;ksa

106 vkfFkZd leh{kk 2019-20 [k.M 1

fp=k 5(d)% vk; Lrj ds vuqlkj O;kikfjd Hkkxhnkj] Hkkjr

Ïksr%;w,u&dkWeVsªM(MCY;wvkbZVh,l)

fp=k 5([k)% vk; Lrj ds vuqlkj O;kikfjd Hkkxhnkj] phu

56.3%

40.2%

14.5% 16.6%

22.4% 37.8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018Sh

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xpor

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High income OECDOther high incomeLow & middle income

62.0%

49.7%

20.7%

14.2%13.8%

31.4%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018Shar

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tota

l mer

chan

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High income OECDOther high incomeLow & middle income

esackaVkx;kgS%&izkFkfed(83mRikn)]izkd`frdlalk/u&iz/ku(21mRikn)]vdq'kyJe&iz/ku(26mRikn)]ekuoiwath&iz/ku(43mRikn)]izkS|ksfxdh&iz/ku(62mRikn)]rFkkvoxhZd`r(5mRikn)A foLr`roxhZdj.k (http:www2.ecob.uu.nl/marrewikl/eta/intensity.htm)ijmiyC/gSAiwath&iz/kuJs.khesaekuo&iwath&iz/kuIylrduhdh@VsDukythmRiknlfEefyrgSaA

^^fjiQkbaMisVªksfy;emRiknksa**(,lvkbZVhlh334)dkfu;kZr]4dvkSj4[kesafn[kk,x,pkjdkjd&iz/kuJsf.k;ksaesalsfdlhesaHkh'kkfeyughagSAè;kunsafd]vkbZVhlhoxhZdj.kdsvuqlkj],lvkbZVhlh&334^^izkFkfed**Js.khdkgh,dHkkxgSAo"kZ2000dh'kq:vkrlsgh]ifj"d`risVªksfy;emRiknksadsdqyO;kikfjdfu;kZresaHkkjrdsfu;kZrdhfgLlsnkjhesaegRoiw.kZo`f¼ntZdhxbZ]tksfdo"kZ2000ds3-3izfr'krlsc<+djo"kZ2018esa14-6izfr'krgksxbZAfu;kZro`f¼ntZdhxbZ]tkso"kZ20003-3izfr'krlsc<+djo"kZ2018esa14-6izfr'krgksxbZAfu;kZro`f¼eq[;:ilsHkkjrdhfuth{ks=kdhrsyfjiQkbufj;ksa}kjklapkfyrdhxbZAHkkjrdPpsrsydkvk;krdjrkgSvkSjblm|ksxesaoSY;w(ewY;&fuekZ.kJa[kyk)ds'kks/upj.kesaekfgjgSApwafdisVªksfy;e'kks/u,dvR;f/diwath&iz/kuizfØ;kgS]blfy,blmRikndksizkFkfedJs.khdsctk;iwath&iz/kuJs.kh'kkfeydjukmfprgS(ohjkef.k]2012,)Ablidkj;fn,lvkbZVhlh334dksiwath&iz/kuekuktkrkgS]tksHkkjrdsdqyekyfu;ksZresaiwath&iz/kumRiknksadkfgLlko"kZ2000ds31-6izfr'krlsc<+djo"kZ2018esayxHkxnksxqukvFkkZr59-9izfr'krgkstkrkgSAphudsfy,];gcgqriQdZughadjrkgSD;ksafdbldsfu;kZrlewgesa,lvkbZVhlh334ds:iesa,dNksVhlhfgLlsnkjh(yxHkx1izfr'kr)gSA

vk;kfrriqtks±vkSjvo;oksadkiz;ksxdjusesa]phu

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107usVodZ mRiknksa ds {ks=k esa fu;kZr&fo'ks"kKrk }kjk jkstxkj&l`tu vkSj fodkl

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fp=k 6% lk>snkj ns'kksa ds lewgksa esa Je&iz/ku mRiknksa ds fgLls ds vuqikr ds :i esa iwath iz/ku fu;kZrksa dk fgLlk

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0.7 0.7

1.9

1.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

High Income OECD

Low & Middle Income

0.9 0.9

1.2

0.9

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

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1.420

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2006

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High Income OECDLow & Middle Income

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_________________________

1 blckrdks,dmnkgj.k}kjkLi"Vfd;ktkldrkgSAHkkjrdsiSlsatjeksVjokgu(,l-vkbZ-Vh-lh-7810)tksfd,diwathxrrFkkn{krk&xgumRikngSdsfu;kZresao"kZ2000lso"kZ2015rdcgqrc<+ksÙkjhgqbZ;g102fefy;uvesfjdhMkyjlsc<+djo"kZ2015esa5392fefy;vesfjdhMkyjgksx;k]rfkkbldhokf"kZdo`f¼njdks34izfr'krijjftLVjfd;kx;kAo"kZ2015easmPp&vk;okysvks-bZ-lh-Mh-ns'kksaesaHkkjrh;iSlsatjeksvjokguksadkfu;kZrdqyfu;kZrdk22izfr'krFkktcfddevkSjeè;vk;dsns'kksaesa;gfu;kZrdqyfu;kZrdk68izfr'krFkkAnwljhvksjHkkjrdsoL=kfu;kZr(,l-vkbZ-Vh-lh-84)tksfdJexgum|ksxdhJs.khesavkrkgS]dho`f¼cgqrghdenjlsgqbZo"kZ2000&2015Hkhvof/kesaizfro"kZ9izfr'krdhnjlsAtcfdmPp&vk;okysvks-bZ-lh-Mh-ns'kksaesaHkkjrh;oL=kksadkfu;kZr64izfr'krrFkkde&eè;vk;okysns'kksaesa;gfu;kZrdsoy12izfr'krFkkA(ohjkef.kvkSj,jkFk]2020)

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$6.56

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$16.40

$21.81

$47.84

$67.70

$68.69

0 20 40 60 80

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China

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Unidentified

Taiwan

Japan

United States

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Greater Use of Imported Inputs

Scale and Productivity Effect for Producing for

the World

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Share of Foreign

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increases

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rises significantly

$ value of Domestic

Value Added increases

significantly

Number of Jobs

Increases significantly

iSuy (d) iSuy ([k) iSuy (x)

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5

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$ value of gross exports(% increase)

7.7%

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5

10

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$ va

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)

$ value of domestic VA (% increase)

13.2%

0

5

10

15

20

0 5 10 15 20

$ va

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of d

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(% in

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Number of Jobs(% increase)

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5-21 nwljk] Hkkjr vusd mRiknksa ftUgsa ^^usVodZmRikn**ds:iesatkuktkrkgS]iQkbuyvlsEcyhds fy, ,dcM+s gcds:iesa mHkjusdh HkkjhlaHkkouk,agSa(vkFkqdksjkyk]2014]ohjkef.k,oa/hj]2017)Abum|ksxksaesathohlhijfu;a=k.k^^mRikndlapkfyr**usVodks±dsvarxZrvxz.kh,e,ubZtSlsfd,iy]lSelax]lksuhvkfndkgksrkgSAlkekU;r%bumRiknksadkmRiknufdlhfufnZ"Vns'kdsHkhrj'kq#lsvarrdugha fd;ktkrkgS]cfYdns'k fdlhfo'ks"kdk;Z;klkekudsmRiknuJ`a[kykdspj.kksa

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5-22 vkFkqdksjyk (2011) us ekud varj&jk"Vªh;O;kikjoxhZdj.k(,lvkbZVhlh)ukekoyhijvkèkkfjr,uihdsN%lewgksadhigpkudhgStgkaoSf'odmRiknulk>snkjhlclsvfèkdizpfyrgS(rkfydk

rkfydk 1% usVodZ mRiknksa dk oSf'od fu;kZr] 2018

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dqy oSf'od fu;kZr esa fgLlsnkjh] 2018

75 dk;kZy;e'khu,oavkWVksesfVdMkVkizkslsflax

0.83 4.37

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112 vkfFkZd leh{kk 2019-20 [k.M 1

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fp=k 10(x)% ,f'k;kbZ ,u ih fu;kZrksa dk forj.k

2.01

5.42

0.90

1.48

1.11

3.93

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

USD

Tril

lions

NP P&C AEP

24.514.6 13.7

33.329.8 28.7

36.649.8 50.9

5.6 5.8 6.7

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2000 2010 2018Rest of the world AsiaEurope Americas

70.3 77.6 75.0

27.4 19.5 21.8

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2000 2010 2018Eastern Asia South East AsiaRest of Asia

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0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

US

$ Bi

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Japan Korea MalaysiaSingapore Philippines

34

6 5

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5247

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10

20

30

40

50

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70

China Vietnam India Korea JapanPerc

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0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0102030405060708090

100

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

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171 134 12372 78 61 39 68

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SITC codes

India

15

12.7

16.8

3.72.7

1

0%2%4%6%8%

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SITC codes

China

15.217.1

11.2

1.5 1.80.3

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75 76 77 78 87 88

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miLdjvk;krdhxbZdj(gekxqph]1982)esayxk,Ao"kZ1985&89dsnkSjkuvkWVksla?kVdkasdkvk;krewY;rsthls

fxjx;k(fM&dksLVk]1995)AtkikulsHkkjresagksusokysvkWVksikVZldkvk;kr1980ds4fefy;u;w,lMkyjls

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0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Panel (a): Exports, US$ Million

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

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Motor vehicles P&C Total

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0

50

100

150

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6.04

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1.3

2.25

4.74

9.41

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2014

2015

2016

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5.81

7.64

8.29

9.48

12.72

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