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varjjk"Vªh; O;kikj gsrq orZeku ifjos'k Hkkjr dks phu tSls Je&iz/ku fu;kZr iFk dk vuqlj.k djus dk ,d vHkwriwoZ volj iznku djrk gS vkSj gekjs mnh;eku ;qokvksa ds fy, vlhfer jkstxkj volj l`ftr djus dk ,d vuU; volj iznku djrk gSA ^^vlsaacy bu bafM;k iQkWj n oYMZ** dks ^esd bu bafM;k* ds lkFk ,dhd`r djds] Hkkjr o"kZ 2025 rd 4 djksM+ vkSj o"kZ 2030 rd 8 djksM+ mÙke oSrfud jkstxkj l`ftr dj ldrk gSA usVodZ mRiknksa dk fu;kZr] ftlds o"kZ 2025 esa oS'fod Lrj ij 7 fVªfy;u Mkyj rd igqapus dh vk'kk gS] o"kZ 2025 rd 5 fVªfy;u Mkyj vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy, ewY;&of/Zr esa o`f¼ djrs gq, blds ,d pkSFkkbZ rd ;ksxnku dj ldrk gSA blfy,] bl vè;k; esa bl lqvolj dk ykHk mBkus ds fy, ,d lqfopkfjr dk;Zuhfr dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSSA Hkkjr dh rqyuk esa phu dk mYys[kuh; fu;kZr dk;Zfu"iknu Jeiz/ku xfrfof/;ksa] fo'ks"k :i ls ^^usVodZ mRiknksa** ds laca/ esa] lqfopkfjr O;kid fo'ks"kKrk ls izsfjr gS] tgka mRiknu dk dk;Z cgqjk"Vªh; fuxeksa }kjk izpkfyr oSf'od ewY;&J`a[kykvksa (thohlh) ds ekè;e ls gksrk gSA usVodZ mRiknksa ds {ks=k esa O;kid Lrj ij vlsacfyax dk;ks± dh leFkZdkjh O;oLFkk ij ckjhdh ls iQksdl djus dh vko';drk gSA pwafd Hkkjr tSls ns'k ds fy,] tgka O;kikj ds ekspsZ ij fofHkUu Lo:iksa okyh vlqj{kk dh Hkkouk ds dkj.k bl volj dk ykHk mBkuk vR;f/d dfBu fn[krk gS] gekjh O;kikfjd uhfr esa ,d leFkZdkjh xq.k gksuk visf{kr gSA oLrqr%] orZeku Hk; dh Hkkouk ds myV] lHkh lac¼ dkjdksa dks fu;af=kr djus okys lrdZ fo'ys"k.k ls irk pyrk gS fd Hkkjr us O;kikfjd djkjksa }kjk] lk>snkj ns'kksa ls] O;kikj vf/'ks"k ds varxZr fofufeZr mRiknksa ds laca/ esa 0-7 izfr'kr o`f¼ izfro"kZ vkSj dqy O;kikj ds laca/ esa 2-3 izfr'kr o`f¼ çfro"kZ dh nj ls ykHk izkIr fd;k gSA
5-1 fu;krkssaesao`f¼HkkjresatkWcl`tuds fy,vR;f/dvko';dekxZç'kLrdjrhgSAmnkgj.kdsfy,]o"kZ2001ls2006rddh5o"kZdhvof/esagh]Jeç/kufu;kZrksalsphuizkFkfedf'k{kkdsJfedksadsfy,70fefy;uukSdfj;k¡l`ftrdjusesaleFkZgqvkgS(yksl,oavU;2015)AHkkjresa]c<+sgq,fu;kZrksals;gLi"VgksrkgSfdo"kZ1999vkSj2011dschpdhvof/esayxHkx8]00]000tkWcdkvukSipkfjdlsvkSipkfjdesaifjorZugqvkgS]tksJfedcyds0-8izfr'krdk|ksrdgS(varjkZ"Vªh;JelaxBudhfjiksVZ]2019)A
5-2 ;w,l&phuO;kikjla?k"kZdsdkj.koSf'odewY;Ja[kykvksa(thohlh)esaeq[;lek;kstufd;ktkjgkgSvkSj iQesZvcvius izpkyuksads fy,oSdfYidLFkkuksadhryk'kdjjghgSA;gkardfdO;kikjla?k"kZizkjaHkgksuslsigysHkh]vkS|ksfxdmRiknksadhvafrevlsacyhdsfy,fuEuykxodsLFkkuds:iesaphudhNfoJeesadehvkSjetnwfj;ksaesaof¼dsdkj.krsthlscnyjgh FkhA;s ?kVukØeHkkjrdsle{k,slhlekufu;kZrVsªtsDVjhdksizxfr,oafodkldkslko/kuhlsvkSjfoLrkjiwoZdtkuusdk,dvizR;kf'krvoljizLrqrdjrsgSaAftldkvuqlj.kdjdsphu
usVodZ mRiknksa ds {ks=k esa fu;kZr&fo'ks"kKrk }kjk jkstxkj&l`tuvkSj fodkl
05
usvius;qokvksadsfy,vlhfertkWcvoljlftr
fd,ApwafdviusJfedksadhckgqY;rkesadksbZ Hkh
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gedksaJeO;kihlsDVjksaesafjDrgksusokysLFkkudks
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Li"Vj.kuhfrrS;kkjdjusijè;kudsaasfnzrfd;kx;k
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fu;kZrksaesaHkkjrdhHkkxhnkjh13-2izfr'krizfro"kZ
dhnjlsc<+hgSvkSj;go"kZ1991esa0-6izfr'kr
lsc<+djo"kZ2018esa1-7izfr'krgksx;kgSAfiQj
Hkh] o"kZ 2018 rd Hkh] Hkkjr dh fo'ocktkj esaHkkxhnkjh phu dh 12-8 izfr'kr dh Hkkxhnkjh dhrqyuk esa ux.; gSA blds vfrfjDr] ldy ?kjsywmRikndsizfr'krds:iesaO;kikfjdfu;kZrfo'odsvkSlrdhrqyukesaHkkjrdsfy,vR;kf/dek=kkesafujarjuhpsjgkgS(fp=k1(d)AO;kikfjdvk;krfu;kZrksadhvis{kkvf/drsthls(o"kZ1993&2018dsnkSjku14-9izfr'krdhnjij)c<+kgS]ftldsifj.kkeLo:iO;kikj?kkVkesao`f¼gksjghgS(fp=k1([k))Anwljhvksj]lsokvksads fu;kZrlkekU;r%vk;krksadhvis{kkvf/drsthls c<+s gSa] ftldsdkj.kpkywpkkrk?kkVsesadqNjkgrfeyhgSA
fp=k 1 (d)% Hkkjr cuke fo'o] ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa fu;kZrksa dh fgLlsnkjh
lzksr%;w,ulhVh,Mhlkaf[;dhvkSjleh{kkifjdyuA lzksrHkkjrh;fjtoZcSadvkSjlosZ{k.kifjdyu
fp=k 1 ([k)% Hkkjr cuke fo'o] ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa fu;kZrksa dh fgLlsnkjh
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
Perc
ent
of to
tal G
DP
World Exports (Goods)World Exports (Services) Indian Exports (goods) Indian Exports (Services)
-11%
-9%
-7%
-5%
-3%
-1%
1%
3%
5%
7%
1993-94
1997-98
2001-02
2005-06
2009-10
2013-14
2017-18
Perc
ent o
f tot
al G
DP
Trade Balance Net Invisibles CAD
5-4 bllanHkZesatksiz'umRiUugksrsgSa]osfuEugSa%&(i)rhozfu;kZro`f¼gkflydjusdsfy,fdlizdkj ds uhfrxr gLr{ksiksa ls enn feysxh\ (ii)D;kuhfr;ksadksfof'k"Vhdj.k(xguekftZu)vFkokfofof/dj.k(O;kidekftZu)dsekè;elsO;kikjo`f¼ ds fy, yf{kr fd;k tkrk gS\ (iii) ?kjsywm|ksxksadsfy,lcyLFkkuh;laidks±dksc<+koknsusdsfy,vFkokoSf'odewY;J`a[ykvksa(thohlh)esaHkkxhnkjhdsfy,ftuesaoSf'od:ilsiQSysgksrsgSa]D;k;ggekjsfgresagSa\(iv)osdkSu&dkSulsm|ksxgSaftudsiklfu;kZro`f¼vkSjjkstxkjl`tudsfy,lokZf/dlaHkkouk,agSa\vkSj(v)fueqZDrO;kijdjkjHkkjrdsfy,ykHkdkjhgSa\
5-5 bu iz'uksa ij fopkj djrs gq, bl vè;k;
esavuorjvkSjrsthls fu;kZresao`f¼vkSj bllsvPNhvkenuhdkdk;Zdjusds fy,uhfrrS;kjdjusdsekxZn'kZdfl¼karfn,x,gSaAHkkjrdks,slsvkS|ksfxdlewgksaijè;kudsafnzrdjukpkfg,ftUgsa^usVodZmRikn*dgktkrkgS]tgkamRiknuizfØ;koSf'od:ils[kafMrgksrhgSavkSjvius^mRikndlapfyr* oSf'od mRiknu usVodZ ds Hkhrj vxz.khcgqjk"Vªh;m|eksa}kjkfu;af=krgksrhgSaAusVodZmRiknksadsmnkgj.kesadaI;wVj]bySDVªkWfudvkSjbySfDVªdymidj.k]lM+ddsokguvkfn'kfeygksrsgSaAphudsvf}rh; fu;kZr fu"iknuds foijhr Hkkjreq[;:ilsJeiz/ku{ks=k]fo'ks"k:ils^usVodZmRiknksa*esacM+siSekusijvisf{krfo'ks"kKrklsizsfjrgS]tgkamRikn cgqjk"Vªh; fuxeksa ds }kjk lapkfyr oSf'odewY;Ja`[kykvksa(thohlh)esagksrkgSAfo'oHkjds
101usVodZmRiknksads{ks=kesafu;kZr&fo'ks"kKrk}kjkjkstxkj&l`tuvkSjfodkl
102 vkfFkZd leh{kk 2019-20 [k.M 1
iSuy (d) fo'o fu;kZr Hkkxhnkjh iSuy ([k) fo'ks"kKrk izHkko iSuy (x) fofo/hdj.k izHkko
fp=k 2% fo'ks"kKrk vkSj fofof/dj.k izHkko] 2000 ls 2015 rd fufeZr mRikn esa Hkkjr vkSj phu ds fo'o fu;kZr cktkj Hkkx dks vi?kVu
lzksr%;w,udkWeVsªM(MCY;wVhVh,l)MkVkcsldsvk/kjijchjkef.k],jkFkvkSjxqIrk(2018)
fVIi.kh%fuEufyf[kr]gEesyvkSjDysukso(2005)]iSuy(d)esaHkkrjvkSjphudkfo'ocktkjHkkxiSuy([k)esafo'ks"kKizHkkoesavi?kVuvkSjiSuy(x)easfofo/hdj.kAfdlhfn,x,ns'kvkSjo"kZdsfy,fo'ocktkjHkkxfo'ks"kKrkdslaxrewY;vkSjfofo/hdj.kizHkkolsxq.kkdjizkIrfd;ktkrkgSA
0.006 0.016
0.053
0.247
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
2000
2003
2006
2009
2012
2015
IndiaChina
0.011 0.021
0.072
0.301
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
2000
2003
2006
2009
2012
2015
IndiaChina
0.591
0.7750.726
0.82
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
2000
2003
2006
2009
2012
2015
IndiaChina
fy,phuesamidj.kksadsiqtksZadksvk;krdjukvkSjbUgsatksM+dj(vlsacydj)midj.kcukusdkdk;ZdjphuusvHkwriwoZLrjijjkstxkjl`ftrfd;kgSAblhizdkj,dhdj.k}kjkesdbubafM;kesa^vlsacybubafM;kiQkWjnoYMZ*dhO;oLFkk'kkfeygSAbllsHkkjrviuh fu;kZrcktkj Hkkxhnkjhdks 2025rdyxHkx3-5izfr'krvkSj2030rd6izfr'krrdc<+kldrkgStksfdiw.kZ:ilsO;ogk;ZgSAblØeesaHkkjr2025rdvPNhvkenuhnsusokysyxHkx4djksM+vkSj2030rd8djksM+jkstxkjl`ftrdjsxkAusVodZmRiknksadsfu;kZr]ftldso"kZ2025rd248fcfy;uMkWyjdkgksusdhvk'kkgS]dsy{;LrjlsvFkZO;oLFkkesalfEefyro`f¼'khyewY;2025rdHkkjrdks$5fVªfy;uvFkZO;oLFkkcukusds fy,vko';do`f¼dk,d&pkSFkkbZfgLlkgksxkA
phu dh rqyuk esa Hkkjr dk fu;kZr esa fuEu&fu"iknu5-6 fudV Hkfo"; ds fy, uhfr rS;kj djus lsigys ge phu dh rqyuk esa Hkkjr dk fu;kZr esafuEu&fu"iknudjsaxsA
fo'ks"kKrk cuke fofo/hdj.k
5-7 D;k Hkkjr ds fu;kZr fu"iknu essa iQhdkiuHkkjrdhfu;kZrckLdsVesafofo/hdj.kdhdehdsdkj.k(vR;f/dekftZu)gS;k;gfo'ks"kKrkdhdehdsdkj.k(xguekftZu)dsdkj.kgSAgebliz'udktokcHkkjrvkSjphudsbunksvk;keksadsvk/kjijikusdhdksf'k'kdjsaxs(ckDl1ns[ksa)AizR;sdns'kdsfufeZrmRikndkfo'ofu;kZrHkkxfofo/hdj.kcukeladsanz.kdsizHkkoesavi?kfVrgkstkrkgS(fp=k2ns[ksa)A;gns[ktkldrkgSfdiSuy(d)]tksnksns'kksads fo'ocktkjHkkxdksn'kkZrkgs]iSuy([k)dhfejjbestgStksfo'ks"kKrkds ;ksxnkudk n'kkZrk gSA bl izdkj fo'ocktkjds Hkkx esa phu&Hkkjr xSi izk;% fo'ks"kKrk izHkkolsiw.kZ:ilslapkfyrgksrkgSAnwljhvksjmRiknvkSjcktkj(iSuy(x))dsfofo/hdj.kds:iesaHkkjrLi"V:ilsyxHkxphudsfudVvkjgkgSAlexz:ilsfuEufo'ks"kKrkdslkFkmPpfofo/hdj.kdkrkRi;Z;ggSfdHkkjrcgqrlsmRiknksa
103usVodZ mRiknksa ds {ks=k esa fu;kZr&fo'ks"kKrk }kjk jkstxkj&l`tu vkSj fodkl
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cnyldrkgSAblfy,];gfo'ks"k:ilsek=kkvkSjewY;izHkkoesafo'ks"kKrkizHkkodksfo?kfVrdjusdsfy,gSAfp=k3n'kkZrkgSfdfo'ks"kKrkdslanHkZesaHkkjr&phudkxSi(varjky)ek=kkizHkkolsiw.kZ:ilslapkfyrgksrkgSAfupksM+dhckr;ggSfd;fn
fp=k 3% Hkkjr vkSj phu ds lanHkZ esa fo'ks"khdj.k izHkko dk ek=kk vkSj dher izHkkoksa esa fo?kVu] o"kZ 2000&2015
iSuy (d) ek=kk izHkko
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iSuy ([k) ewY; izHkko
0.014 0.023
0.159
0.616
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.8
2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015
India
China
0.767 0.88
0.4560.489
00.20.40.60.8
11.21.41.6
2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015
India
China
ckWDl 1% fo'ks"khdj.k ,oa fofo/rk izHkkoksa esa fo?kVu dk;Ziz.kkyh
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104 vkfFkZd leh{kk 2019-20 [k.M 1
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pwafdxguekftZuek=kk,oaewY;esaifjorZugksusdsdkj.kfu;kZrksadsewY;esaifjorZudksn'kkZrkgSvr%bldkvkSjfo?kVu]ewY;izHkkovkSjek=kkizHkkoesafd;ktkldrkgSA
1Mit = Pit ´ Qit
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Ïksr%;w,u&dkWeVsªM(MCY;wvkbZVh,l)MkVkcslvkSjleh{kkifjdyu
fVIi.kh%pkjJs.kh;ksdsvarxZrO;kikjmRiknksadsoxhZdj.kdslaca/esackDl2ns[ks
fp=k 4 ([k)% phu ds xSj&rsy O;kikfjd fu;kZrksa dk la?kVu
29.3%
53.0%
30.7% 16.3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Capital IntensiveNatural Resource IntensivePrimaryUnskilled Labor Intensive
51.1%
72.7%
35.5%
20.5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Capital IntensiveNatural Resource IntensivePrimaryUnskilled Labor Intensive
esathohlhesaHkkjrdhHkkkxhnkjheq[;fu;kZrdjk"Vªksadhrqyukesa]vis{kkd`rdejgh(vkFkqdksjkyk]2014_ohjkef.kvkSjèkhj]2017_ohjkef.k]2019)A
5-10 blds foijhr] phudk fu;kZr la?kVu] iwathO;kih m|ksxksa (fo'ks"kdj bysDVªkWfuDl vkSj fo|qre'khujhesaikjaifjdJfedO;kihm|ksxksavkSjmRiknuizfØ;kvksadsJfed O;kihvoLFkkvksa esavR;fèkd>qdkodksn'kkZrkgSAdbZo"kks±dsnkSjkublesadehdsgksrsgq,Hkhvdq'kyJfedO;kihmRiknudkvuqikrHkkjrdhrqyukesaphudsfu;kZrlewgesavfèkdgS(fp=k4([k)AviusO;kikjmnkjhdj.kdsizFken'kd (1980&1990)ds nkSjku phuds fu;kZr esao`f¼eq[;r%vdq'kyJfedO;kihmRiknksaesabldsfo'ks"khdj.kijvkèkkfjrFkh_phudsfu;kZrlewgesabldhfgLlsnkjho"kZ1980esa27-8izfr'krlsc<+djo"kZ1990esa46-5izfr'krgksxbZAnwljhvksj]Hkkjrdsfu;kZrlewgesavdq'ky&JfedO;kihmRiknksadk
vuqikro"kZ2000lsle;iwoZfxjkoVeglwldjuslsigys]o"kZ1980&2000dhvofèkesayxHkx30izfr'krjgk(ohjkef.k]2012[k)A
5-11 ;|fiiwathO;kihmRiknksadhphuds fu;kZrlewg esa Hkkjrds fu;kZr lewg ls mPprjvuqikrgS] fiQj Hkhnks fo"ke&iSVuks± ijcynsukegRoiw.kZgSA igyk ;g gS fd] ns'k ds ikjaifjd vdq'kyJfed O;kih mRiknksa ds yxHkx nks n'kdksa (o"kZ1980&2000)rd]dhfrZeku&izeq[k fu;kZro`f¼dscknphuls iwath O;kih mRiknksads fu;kZrks± esa o"kZ2000rdo`f¼gqbZAbldsfoijhrHkkjresa,slhdksbZlaØkafrughavkbZAnwljk;ggSfd]Hkkjrdsizfrdwy]phu ls iwath O;kih mRiknksa dh fu;kZr o`f¼ (thohlh)esafgLlsnkjhdsmPpLrj}kjkgqbZgSAo"kZ1990dsn'kdrdphudhfu;kZrlaoèkZuuhfr;kaT;knkrjblds?kjsywm|ksxksadksoSf'odJ`a[kykvksadsvarxZr,dhd`rdjusdhdk;ZuhfrijvkfJrjghgSaA
ckWDl 2% O;kikj&mRiknksa dk ?kVd l?kurk oxhZdj.k
fp=k4(d)esalwfprewY;ksadkizkDduyfguywisuvkSjoSuejsfoftd(2008)}kjkvuqdwfyrvarjkZ"Vªh;O;kikjdsanz(vkbZVhlh)ds?kVdizcyrkoxhZdj.kdkiz;ksxdjdsfd;kx;kgStksekudvarjkZ"Vªh;O;kikjds3vadh;LrjijikapfoLr`r?kVdizcyrk{ksf.k;ksadseè;varjdjrkgSA=kh&vadh;@3fMftVLrjijdqy240mRiknksadksikapJsf.k;ksa
106 vkfFkZd leh{kk 2019-20 [k.M 1
fp=k 5(d)% vk; Lrj ds vuqlkj O;kikfjd Hkkxhnkj] Hkkjr
Ïksr%;w,u&dkWeVsªM(MCY;wvkbZVh,l)
fp=k 5([k)% vk; Lrj ds vuqlkj O;kikfjd Hkkxhnkj] phu
56.3%
40.2%
14.5% 16.6%
22.4% 37.8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018Sh
are
in to
tal m
erch
andi
se e
xpor
ts
High income OECDOther high incomeLow & middle income
62.0%
49.7%
20.7%
14.2%13.8%
31.4%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018Shar
e in
tota
l mer
chan
dise
exp
orts
High income OECDOther high incomeLow & middle income
esackaVkx;kgS%&izkFkfed(83mRikn)]izkd`frdlalk/u&iz/ku(21mRikn)]vdq'kyJe&iz/ku(26mRikn)]ekuoiwath&iz/ku(43mRikn)]izkS|ksfxdh&iz/ku(62mRikn)]rFkkvoxhZd`r(5mRikn)A foLr`roxhZdj.k (http:www2.ecob.uu.nl/marrewikl/eta/intensity.htm)ijmiyC/gSAiwath&iz/kuJs.khesaekuo&iwath&iz/kuIylrduhdh@VsDukythmRiknlfEefyrgSaA
^^fjiQkbaMisVªksfy;emRiknksa**(,lvkbZVhlh334)dkfu;kZr]4dvkSj4[kesafn[kk,x,pkjdkjd&iz/kuJsf.k;ksaesalsfdlhesaHkh'kkfeyughagSAè;kunsafd]vkbZVhlhoxhZdj.kdsvuqlkj],lvkbZVhlh&334^^izkFkfed**Js.khdkgh,dHkkxgSAo"kZ2000dh'kq:vkrlsgh]ifj"d`risVªksfy;emRiknksadsdqyO;kikfjdfu;kZresaHkkjrdsfu;kZrdhfgLlsnkjhesaegRoiw.kZo`f¼ntZdhxbZ]tksfdo"kZ2000ds3-3izfr'krlsc<+djo"kZ2018esa14-6izfr'krgksxbZAfu;kZro`f¼ntZdhxbZ]tkso"kZ20003-3izfr'krlsc<+djo"kZ2018esa14-6izfr'krgksxbZAfu;kZro`f¼eq[;:ilsHkkjrdhfuth{ks=kdhrsyfjiQkbufj;ksa}kjklapkfyrdhxbZAHkkjrdPpsrsydkvk;krdjrkgSvkSjblm|ksxesaoSY;w(ewY;&fuekZ.kJa[kyk)ds'kks/upj.kesaekfgjgSApwafdisVªksfy;e'kks/u,dvR;f/diwath&iz/kuizfØ;kgS]blfy,blmRikndksizkFkfedJs.khdsctk;iwath&iz/kuJs.kh'kkfeydjukmfprgS(ohjkef.k]2012,)Ablidkj;fn,lvkbZVhlh334dksiwath&iz/kuekuktkrkgS]tksHkkjrdsdqyekyfu;ksZresaiwath&iz/kumRiknksadkfgLlko"kZ2000ds31-6izfr'krlsc<+djo"kZ2018esayxHkxnksxqukvFkkZr59-9izfr'krgkstkrkgSAphudsfy,];gcgqriQdZughadjrkgSD;ksafdbldsfu;kZrlewgesa,lvkbZVhlh334ds:iesa,dNksVhlhfgLlsnkjh(yxHkx1izfr'kr)gSA
vk;kfrriqtks±vkSjvo;oksadkiz;ksxdjusesa]phu
vusdiwathO;kihmriknksadsfy,,dizeq[kvlSacyh
gcds:iesamHkjkgSA
mPp vk; ns'kksa esa vleku :i ls de cktkj izos'k
5-12 fu;kZrlewgesaiwathl/umRiknksadsvf/pR;
dslkFk oSf'odewY;J`a[kykvksa esa fuEu LrjdhHkkxhnkjhusfu;kZrksadhHkkjrdhHkkSxksfydfn'kkvksaesa ikjaifjdvehj ns'kksads cktkjksa lsvU;xarO;ksadhvkSjvleku:ilscgykogqvkgS(chjekuh]2012d] ohjekuh vkSj ,jFk] 2020)A mPp&vk;vksbZlhMhcktkjksaesa2018esaphuhdh49-7izfr'krrkjgh(fp=k5[k)tcfdblhvof/kdsHkkjrdh
107usVodZ mRiknksa ds {ks=k esa fu;kZr&fo'ks"kKrk }kjk jkstxkj&l`tu vkSj fodkl
40-2izfr'krFkh(fp=k5d)_blhizdkj]mPp&vk;vksbZlhMh rFkk vU; mPp&vk; d ns'kksa ds phudkfu;kZr63-9izfr'krjgktcfdHkkjrdk56-7izfr'krFkkA
5-13 mPpvk;okysns'kksadscktkjksaesaHkkjrdkizos'kuLi"V:ilsdegSvkSjgkydsn'kdksadsnkSjkublesavkuqikfrdvarjlsfxjkoVgqbZgS_bldhfo'ks"kKrkdsfod`riSVuZdksè;kuesaj[krsgq,blckr dks le>uk dfBu ugha gSA fodkl'khy ns'k]
fo'ks"kdj thohlh esa de Hkkxhnkjh okys ns'k /uhns'kksads]xq.korrk@czkaMdsizfrtkx:d]cktkjksaesaviusiwathiz/kumRiknksadkfu;kZrdjusesavY;f/ddfBukbZ dk vuqHko djrs gSaA iwath iz/ku mRiknksads foijhr]mPpvk;okysns'kHkkjrdsvdq'kyJe&iz/kumRiknksadsfy,lkisf{kd:ils,do`gÙkjcktkjmiyC/djkrsgSa(fp=k6]iSuy(d))Aoghnwlhvksj]phuhmRikn]pkgsosiwathiz/kumRiknds:ieasgh;kvdq'kyJe&iz/kumRiknds:iesamPpvk;kokysrFkk fuEueè;evk;okys]nksuksa
fp=k 6% lk>snkj ns'kksa ds lewgksa esa Je&iz/ku mRiknksa ds fgLls ds vuqikr ds :i esa iwath iz/ku fu;kZrksa dk fgLlk
iSuy (d)% Hkkjr
Ïksr%;w,u&dkWeVsªM(MCY;wvkbZVh,l)MkVkcslvkSjlosZ{k.k&ifjdyu
iSuy ([k)% phu
0.7 0.7
1.9
1.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
High Income OECD
Low & Middle Income
0.9 0.9
1.2
0.9
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.420
00
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
High Income OECDLow & Middle Income
ns'kksadscktkjksaesaleku:ilsviuhiSBcukusesaliQygksrsgSaA(fp=k6]iSuy([k))Aphudslaca/esa;gizR;kf'krHkhgSD;ksafdØsrkpkgsdksbZHkhgks]fo'ocktkjksadsfy,;g,dvlsacyhlsavjds:iesadk;ZdjrkgSA
5-14 dqy fu;kZrksa] fo'ks"kKrk izHkko] fofo/hdj.k&izHkko]ek=kk&izHkkovkSjdher&izHkkodsMkWyjewY;dslanHkZesaphuvkSjHkkjrdschpvarjdhlhekdksfp=k7(d)esan'kkZ;kx;kgS;sizkDdyumllek{;.kfo'ys"kdlsizkIrfd,tkusgSatksnksns'kksaesalsizR;sddsf}i{kh;O;kikjizokgksadksizHkkfordjus okys fofHkUu dkjdksa ds izHkkoksa dks fu;af=kr
djrkgSAo"kZ2000&2015dsnkSjkuMkWyjewY;esa]HkkjrdseqdkcysphudkvkSlrfu/kZryxHkx743izfr'krizfro"kZdhnjls]vf/dgqvkgSAblvarjdk vf/dka'k Hkkx fo'ks"kKrk vkSj ek=kk&izHkkoksa lslacaf/rgSArFkkfi]vk'p;Ztud:ilsphu&Hkkjrdk;gvarjrcyxHkxiw.kZr%lekIrgkstkrkgStcphudsmPpO;kikjvfHkfo"k;kldsizHkkodks/uhO;kikfjdlk>snkjdslkFkfopkjesafy;ktkrkgS(fp=k7([k))A
5-15 ,d lkekU; vo/kj.kk ;g gS fd phudhfu;kZrliQyrkesaeq[;rkSjijbldhfofue;njuhfr dk ;ksxnku gSA gkykafd] tSlk fd fp=k 2
108 vkfFkZd leh{kk 2019-20 [k.M 1
fp=k% 7 (d) phu&Hkkjr O;kikj varjky dk vuqeku (izfr'kr)
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fp=k 7 ([k) mPp vk; lk>snkj ns'kksa ds fy, phu ds fu;kZr dks fu;af=kr djus ds
ckn Hkkjr&phu O;kikj varj
743%
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0%
200%
400%
600%
800%
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Chi
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Gap
Per
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37%
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228%
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0%
200%
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Chi
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Gap
Per
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vkSjijorhZ fp=kksaesa ns[kkx;kgS] Hkkjrds fu;kZrdk;Z&fu"iknuesafxjkoVnksn'kdiqjkuhmovof/lspyhvk jgh gS tc Hkkjrdh fofue; njesafo'ks"k fxjkoVgqbZAokLroesa]cgqfHkUuLihlek{;.k
fo'ys"k.k]ftUgsay?kqlek>djmisf{krdjfn;ktkrkgS]n'kkZrsgSafdfofue;njdsvk/kjijHkkjr&phuvarjdhi;kZIrO;k[;kughadhtcldhrAvr%;gfu"d"kZfudkyktkldrkgSfdHkkjrdhrqyukesa
phudkmYys[kuh;fu;kZrizn'kZuvusdvarl±foa/rdkjdksa ls izsfjr gS ftuesa thohlh esa mPpLrjdhHkkxhnkjh]Je&iz/kumRiknuxfrfof/;ksaeasmPpLrjdh fo'ks"krk] fo'ks"kKrkdsp;fur{ks=kksa esa O;kidekuvkSjijaijkxr/uhns'kksadscktkjksaesamPpLrjdsfu;kZrizcs'kudkmYys[kfd;ktkldrkgSA
5-16 la{ksiesa]bldhfo'ks"kKrkchizd`frlsizsfjrgksdjHkkjrusvis{kkd`rdevkSjeè;evk;okysns'kdscktkjksaesaizfrLiFkkZRedykHkizkIrfd;kgS]fdarq,slkdqNle`¼ns'kksa1esacgqrcM+scktkjksads
fgLlksadks[kksrsgq,fd;kgSa;|fiHkkjrmPpvk;okyscktkjksadslkFkvf/dlsvf/dO;kikjdslaHkkfor voljksa dk mi;ksx djds egÙoiw.kZ :ils ykHkkfUor gks ldrk gS fdarq blds fy, gesaviusVsªM&Lis'kykbts'ku(O;kikfjdfo'ks"krkvksa)dkiqujfHkeq[khdj.k ,sls m|ksxksa dh vksj djuk gksxkftlescM+hla[;kesaJkfedksa}kjkmRiknksadkl`tufd;ktkrkgSA,slhdk;Zfl¼hfuEufyf[krnksuksa{ks=kksa&(i) ikjaifjd 3 Je xgu m|ksx tSls fd oL=km|ksx] fo'ks"kdj tgka d`f=ke iQkbcj dk mriknufd;ktkrkgS](ii)th-oh-lh-esaof/ZrlgHkkfxrk
_________________________
1 blckrdks,dmnkgj.k}kjkLi"Vfd;ktkldrkgSAHkkjrdsiSlsatjeksVjokgu(,l-vkbZ-Vh-lh-7810)tksfd,diwathxrrFkkn{krk&xgumRikngSdsfu;kZresao"kZ2000lso"kZ2015rdcgqrc<+ksÙkjhgqbZ;g102fefy;uvesfjdhMkyjlsc<+djo"kZ2015esa5392fefy;vesfjdhMkyjgksx;k]rfkkbldhokf"kZdo`f¼njdks34izfr'krijjftLVjfd;kx;kAo"kZ2015easmPp&vk;okysvks-bZ-lh-Mh-ns'kksaesaHkkjrh;iSlsatjeksvjokguksadkfu;kZrdqyfu;kZrdk22izfr'krFkktcfddevkSjeè;vk;dsns'kksaesa;gfu;kZrdqyfu;kZrdk68izfr'krFkkAnwljhvksjHkkjrdsoL=kfu;kZr(,l-vkbZ-Vh-lh-84)tksfdJexgum|ksxdhJs.khesavkrkgS]dho`f¼cgqrghdenjlsgqbZo"kZ2000&2015Hkhvof/kesaizfro"kZ9izfr'krdhnjlsAtcfdmPp&vk;okysvks-bZ-lh-Mh-ns'kksaesaHkkjrh;oL=kksadkfu;kZr64izfr'krrFkkde&eè;vk;okysns'kksaesa;gfu;kZrdsoy12izfr'krFkkA(ohjkef.kvkSj,jkFk]2020)
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okysykHkeso/ZugksxkrFkkns'kesajkstxkjdkl`tu
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,Iiy vkbZ-ikWM esa fof/Zr ewY; dk forj.k
China3.0%
United States59.5%Japan
2.6%
South Korea12.5%
Taiwan3.0%
EU0.3%
Unidentified19.1%
vkbZ- iQksu&7 esa of/Zr ewY; dk forj.k
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$6.56
$8.46
$16.40
$21.81
$47.84
$67.70
$68.69
0 20 40 60 80
Europe
China
Korea
Unidentified
Taiwan
Japan
United States
Ïksr%MsMfjdvkSjvU;(2010),oaMsMfjdvkSjvU;(2018)
110 vkfFkZd leh{kk 2019-20 [k.M 1
fp=k 8% ^^esd bu bafM;k** ds fgLls ds :i esa ^^vlsEcyhax bu bafM;k** ls ykHkksa ds fy, ladYiukRed <+kapk
fp=k 9% Hkkjr ds fofuekZ.k m|ksxksa ds fy, thohlh ds vuqHkotU; lk{; ls Hkkxhnkjh ls ykHk
Greater Use of Imported Inputs
Scale and Productivity Effect for Producing for
the World
Greater Participation in Assembly
Share of Foreign
Value Added in Gross Exports
increases
$ value of gross exports
rises significantly
$ value of Domestic
Value Added increases
significantly
Number of Jobs
Increases significantly
iSuy (d) iSuy ([k) iSuy (x)
17.9%
0
5
10
15
20
0 5 10 15 20
Fore
ign
Valu
e A
dded
Sha
re o
f G
ross
Exp
orts
(% in
crea
se)
$ value of gross exports(% increase)
7.7%
0
5
10
15
20
0 5 10 15 20
$ va
lue
of g
ross
exp
orts
(%
incr
ease
)
$ value of domestic VA (% increase)
13.2%
0
5
10
15
20
0 5 10 15 20
$ va
lue
of d
omes
tic V
A
(% in
crea
se)
Number of Jobs(% increase)
lzksr%ohjef.kvkSj/hj(2019d)vkSjlosZ{k.kx.kukesalekJ;.kfo'ys"k.kifj.kkedsvk/kjij
fVIi.kh%fp=kesarhuokbZ,fDllnsf[k,cyesaizfr'krc<+ksÙkjhdsleorhZ,Dl&,fDlloSfj,cyesaizfr'krc<+ksÙkjhdksn'kkZrkgSArhuksaxzkiQ,dnqljslstqM+sgq,gStSlsiSuy(d)dk,Dl,fDlloSfj,cyiSuy([k)dsokbZ,fDlldslekugSvkSjiSuy([k)ds,Dl,fDlldkckfj,cyiSuy(x)dsokbZ&,fDlldslekugSA;gkaijcrk;kx;kvuqeku,dlkFklehdj.kekWMy(3,l,y,llekJ;.kfo'ys"k.k)dsvk/kjijgSvkSj1999&2000ls2012&13dhvof/dsnkSjku56Hkkjrh;fofuekZ.km|ksxdsiSuyMkVklsVijvk/kfjrgSAlekJ;.kfo'ys"k.kdsfofunsZ'kuesafu;af=krosfj,cydkiw.kZlsV]ftlesam|ksxvkSjo"kZdkfuf'prizHkko'kkfeygSA
izfr'krdho`f¼gqbZA;slaca/fu;a=k.kifjofrZ;kasdsiwjslsrds;FkkfofHkUuekWMydsfofunZs'kksardl`n`<+gSaAbldhvk/kjjs[kk;ggSfdHkkjrth-ohlh-esaizpqjykHkka'kdhlgHkkfxrkdksl`n`<+djusdsfy,y{;lsfufeZruhfr;ksadksvaxhd`rdjdsbulsaykHkizkIrdjldrkgSA
jkstxkj ds l`tu gsrq dkSu ls m|ksxksa esa Hkkjr dks fof'k"Vrk izkIr djuh pkfg,\
5-19 fdum|ksxksaijHkkjrdkè;kudsafnzrdjuk
pkfg,\ Je&xgu xfrfof/;ksa esa gekjs rqyukRed
ykHkvkSj c<+rhJe 'kfDrds fy, jkstxkjl`tu
dhvfuok;Zrkdksns[krsgq,m|ksxksadsnkslewggS
tks fu;kZr o`f¼vkSj jkstxkjl`tudhlcls cM+h
laHkkoukj[krsgSA
5-20loZizFkeHkkjrdsikjaifjdvdq'kyJelkè;
m|ksxksa]tSlkfddiM+k]oL=k]iQwVoh;jvkSjf[kykSuk
esa i;kZIr viz;qDr fu;kZr laHkkouk,a ekStwn gSa
(ohjekuh,oaèkhj]2016)Abum|ksxksaesathohlh
111usVodZ mRiknksa ds {ks=k esa fu;kZr&fo'ks"kKrk }kjk jkstxkj&l`tu vkSj fodkl
dk lapkyu ^^Øsrk lapkfyr** usVodZ }kjk gksrkgS ftuesa fodflrns'kksa esa fLFkrvxz.khdEifu;kavfèkdewY;oèkZuokysdk;k±s]tSlsfMtkbu]czkafMaxvkSjekdsZfVaxijT;knkè;kunsrhgSaA fodkl'khyns'kksa esa dEifu;ksa }kjk mi&lafonk O;oLFkkvksa dsekè;e ls okLrfod mRiknu fd, tkrs gSaA ,slsmnkgj.kksa esa okyekVZ] ukbd] ,sMhnkl vkfn dhmRiknuJ`a[kyk,a'kkfeygSaA
5-21 nwljk] Hkkjr vusd mRiknksa ftUgsa ^^usVodZmRikn**ds:iesatkuktkrkgS]iQkbuyvlsEcyhds fy, ,dcM+s gcds:iesa mHkjusdh HkkjhlaHkkouk,agSa(vkFkqdksjkyk]2014]ohjkef.k,oa/hj]2017)Abum|ksxksaesathohlhijfu;a=k.k^^mRikndlapkfyr**usVodks±dsvarxZrvxz.kh,e,ubZtSlsfd,iy]lSelax]lksuhvkfndkgksrkgSAlkekU;r%bumRiknksadkmRiknufdlhfufnZ"Vns'kdsHkhrj'kq#lsvarrdugha fd;ktkrkgS]cfYdns'k fdlhfo'ks"kdk;Z;klkekudsmRiknuJ`a[kykdspj.kksa
dsfo'ks"kKgksrsgSaAmRiknuusVodZdsvarxZrizR;sdns'kmRiknuizfØ;kds,dfo'ks"kfgLlsdkfo'ks"kKgksrkgS];gfo'ks"kKrkmlns'kdsrqyukRedykHkijvkèkkfjrgksrhgSAJfedcgqyrkokysns'ktSlsphumRiknudsdedq'kyJelkè;izfØ;kvksatSlsvlsEcydjusds fo'ks"kKgksrsgSatcfdèkuhns'kiathd`r,oadkS'kylkè;izfØ;kvksatSlsfdvuqlaèkku,oa fMtkbuds fo'ks"kKgksrs gSaA blizdkjvxz.khdEifu;kavfèkdvk;okyseq[;ky;ksa(tSls;w-,l-,]bZ-;wvkSjtkiku)esadkS'ky,oaKkulkè;dk;ks±dksj[krhgStcfdvlsEcyhlslacafèkrdk;Zdevk;okys ns'kksa (tSls phu ,oa fo;ruke)esa j[krh gSaAblvè;k;esa'ks"kppkZ,uihesaHkkjrdhfodkllaHkkoukvksaijdhxbZgSA
5-22 vkFkqdksjyk (2011) us ekud varj&jk"Vªh;O;kikjoxhZdj.k(,lvkbZVhlh)ukekoyhijvkèkkfjr,uihdsN%lewgksadhigpkudhgStgkaoSf'odmRiknulk>snkjhlclsvfèkdizpfyrgS(rkfydk
rkfydk 1% usVodZ mRiknksa dk oSf'od fu;kZr] 2018
,lvkbZVhlh dksM
,lvkbZVhlh dk fooj.koSf'od fu;kZr] 2018 (fVªfy;u ;w,l MkWyj)
dqy oSf'od fu;kZr esa fgLlsnkjh] 2018
75 dk;kZy;e'khu,oavkWVksesfVdMkVkizkslsflax
0.83 4.37
76 nwjlapkj,oaèofufjdkWfM±xmidj.k
0.65 3.42
77 fctyhe'khu 1.97 10.4478 lM+d 1.55 8.2387 is'ksoj,oaoSKkfudmidj.k 0.48 2.5388 iQksVksxzkfiQdmidj.k 0.12 0.66
dqy usVodZ mRikn 5.59 29.6Ïksr%;w,udkWeVªsM(MCY;wvkbZVh,l)MkVkcslA
fVIi.kh%2018esalHkhns'kksa}kjkfn,x,vk;krMkVkdsvkèkkjij
1)AbldslkFkgh]2018esafo'ofu;kZresayxHkx30»,uihdhfgLlsnkjhgksrhgSftuesabysfDVªdye'khuksa (,lvkbZVhlh 77) 10-4» ds lkFk lclsvkxs FkkA foiwatu ,oa ;w,u&czkWM bdksukWfed dksfVdhiz.kkyhds,dfoLr`rLrjijO;kikfjdvkdM+ksadkmi;ksxdjdsbu,uihdksnkseq[;mi&dksfV;ksa
ikV~Zl,oadEiksusaV(ih,.Mlh)vkSjvlsEcy,oaizksMDV~l(,bZih)esadqyO;kikjdksfoHkkftrdjuklaHkogSA
usVodZ mRiknksa dk fo'o fu;kZr% izo`fÙk ,oa Lo:i
5-23 ,uihdkfo'ofu;kZr/hjs/hjso"kZ2000
112 vkfFkZd leh{kk 2019-20 [k.M 1
ds2-01 fVªfy;uvesfjdhMkWyjlsc<+rsgq,o"kZ
2018 esa 5-41 fVªfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj gks x;k
(fp=k10d)A;go`f¼eq[;r%,bZih}kjkfu;af=kr
gqbZftldkewY;1-1fVªfy;u;w,lMkWyjls3-93
fVfªy;u;w,lMkWyjgksx;kAvkSlru]fo'ofofuekZ.k
fu;kZresa,uihdkfgLlkyxHkx42çfr'krgksrkgSA
dqy,uihfu;kZresa,bZihfu;kZrdkvkSlrfgLlk
2000&2016dsnkSjkuyxHkx59»lsc<+djfiNys
fp=k 10% o"kZ 2000&18 ds usVodZ mRikn fu;kZr dh izo`fÙk;ka ,oa HkkSxksfyd forj.k
fp=k 10(d)% fo'o fu;kZr esa :{kku
fp=k 10([k)% ,u ih fo'o fu;kZrksa dk HkkSxksfyd forj.k
fp=k 10(x)% ,f'k;kbZ ,u ih fu;kZrksa dk forj.k
2.01
5.42
0.90
1.48
1.11
3.93
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
USD
Tril
lions
NP P&C AEP
24.514.6 13.7
33.329.8 28.7
36.649.8 50.9
5.6 5.8 6.7
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2000 2010 2018Rest of the world AsiaEurope Americas
70.3 77.6 75.0
27.4 19.5 21.8
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2000 2010 2018Eastern Asia South East AsiaRest of Asia
Ïksr%;w,udkeVªsM(MCY;wvkbZVh,y)MkVkcsl,oalosZ{k.kifjDdyu
fVIi.kh%,uihdkvFkZusVodZmRikn]ih,.Mlh,oa,bZihdksØe'k%ikVZl,oala?kVdksarFkk,lsacyfd,x,rS;kjmRiknksadsfy,usVodZmRiknksadslewgesafy[kktkrkgSAizkDdyu]o"kZ2000&2018dschpçfro"kZdsnkSjku118ns'kksadsfuf'prlewgdsfy,VªsfMax}kjk(fjiksZfVrvk;kr)fejjlkaf[;dhijvkèkkfjrgSaAo"kZ2018esabu118ns'kksadk,uihesadqyoSf'odO;kikjesa96-8çfr'krfgLlkgSA
nks o"kks± (2017&2018)ds nkSjku yxHkx 72» gksx;kA,uihdsoSf'odfu;kZresa,f'k;kdhfgLlsnkjh2000dsyxHkx 37 çfr'krlsvlkèkj.k:ilsc<+dj2018esayxHkx51çfr'krgksx;ktcfd;wjksi,oavesfjdknksuksadhfgLlsnkjh?kVxbZ(fp=k10([k))Adqy ,f'k;kbZ fu;kZr esa bl ,f'k;k dhfgLlsnkjh Fkh ftlds ckn nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k lclsvfèkdFkh(fp=k10(x))Adqy,f'k;kbZfu;kZresa'ks"k,f'k;kdhfgLlsnkjh(nf{k.keè;vkSj,f'k;klfgr)ek=k3çfr'krFkhA
iwohZ ,oa nf{k.kh if'peh ,f'k;k dh rqyuk esa Hkkjr
5-24 tgkardfdo"kZ2000dsyxHkx2fcfy;u;w,lMkWyjds,uihdkvk;krc<+djo"kZ2018esa32fcfy;u;w,lMkWyjgksx;kijUrqblcktkj
bldhlgHkkfxrvU;,f'k;kns'kksadhrqyukesadejgh(fp=k11)Adqyjk"Vªh;O;kikjesaizR;sdns'kds,uihmRiknksadk'ks;jfp=k12(d)esan'kkZ;kx;kgSA;gLi"VgSfdFkksM+ho`f¼dsckotwnHkkjrdhfu;kZrckLdsVesa,uihmRiknksadk'ks;jcgqrdegS(2018esa10»)blds foijhrphutkiku,oadksfj;kdsdqy jk"Vªh;mRiknksa budk 'ks;jyxHkxvkèkkgSAo"kZ2000,oa2018dschpfu;kZrckLdsVesa,uihdk'ks;jfo;rukedsfy,41»fcanq,oaphudsfy,18»fcanqc<+kgSA
5-25 izeq[k,f'k;uns'kksadschpHkkjr,oab.Mksusf'k;kghosns'kgSaftudk,uihesaO;kikj?kkVkgSA(fp=k12([k)o"kZ2017esaHkkjrh;dkvk;krewY;68fcfy;u;w,lMkWyjgStksfdFkkbZySaM(61fcfy;u;w,lMkWyj),oa fiQfyfial(39fcfy;u;w,l
113usVodZ mRiknksa ds {ks=k esa fu;kZr&fo'ks"kKrk }kjk jkstxkj&l`tu vkSj fodkl
fp=k 11% o"kZ 2000 ls 2018] ,f'k;u ns'kksa ds ,u ih dk fu;kZr] ;w ,l Mh fcfy;u MkWyj esa
iSuy (d) uo izos'kh
fp=k 12 (d) Hkkjr dh fu;kZr ckLdsV esa ,u ih dk 'ks;j cgqr de gS
Ïksr%;w,udkeVªsM(MCY;wvkbZVh,l)MkVkcsl,oalosZ{k.kifjdyu
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Ïksr%;w,udkeVªsM(MCY;wvkbZVh,l)MkVkcsl,oalosZ{k.kifjdyu
iSuy ([k) foyac ls izos'k djus okys vkSj ihNs jgus okys
fp=k 12([k) izeq[k ,f'k;u ns'kksa esa Hkkjr gh og ns'k gS ftldk ,u ih esa O;kikj ?kkVk gS
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
US
$ Bi
llion
s
Japan Korea MalaysiaSingapore Philippines
34
6 5
5260
5247
10
52 49
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
China Vietnam India Korea JapanPerc
enta
ge sh
are
in n
atio
nal e
xpor
ts
2000 2018
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0102030405060708090
100
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
Chin
a, U
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illiio
ns
US
$ Bi
llion
s
India Indonesia ThailandVietnam China
680
171 134 12372 78 61 39 68
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Chin
a
Japa
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Kor
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Sing
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Mala
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Viet
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Exports Imports
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us fu;kZrds {ks=k esa Hkkjr ls dkiQh vfèkd o`f¼
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?kjsywvafreiz;ksxdsfy,cuhgksrhgS(frokjhvkSj
ohjkef.k]2016)A
5-26 Hkkjrds,uihfu;kZrksadsmRiknlewgla?kVdesapkjmriknlewgksadsizfr'kr'ks;jesao"kZ2000dhrqyukesao"kZ2018esao`f¼ntZdhxbZgS(fp=k13)A ;s gSa% lM+d okgu (,lvkbZ Vh lh 78)]fo|qre'khujh(,lvkbZVhlh77)]nwjlapkj,oaèofufjdkfM±xmiLdj(,lvkbZVhlh76),oaO;kolkf;d,oaoSKkfudmiLdj(,lvkbZVhlh
114 vkfFkZd leh{kk 2019-20 [k.M 1
87) Hkkjrls fu;kZr fd,x,,u ih mRiknksadheq[;Js.khlM+dokgugSftlesao"kZ2018dsdqy
fu;kZresa4-9»dho`f¼ntZgqbZgS(2000esa1-3»ls)blds foijhr] fo|qre'khujh] ftlesaphudh
fp=k 13% jk"Vªh; fu;kZr ckLdsV esa ,u ih mi Jsf.k;ksa dk 'ks;j
0.3 0.8
2.9
4.9
0.8 0.20%2%4%6%8%
10%12%14%16%18%
75 76 77 78 87 88
% sh
are
in n
atio
nal e
xpor
ts
SITC codes
India
15
12.7
16.8
3.72.7
1
0%2%4%6%8%
10%12%14%16%18%
75 76 77 78 87 88
% sh
are
in n
atio
nal e
xpor
ts
SITC codes
China
15.217.1
11.2
1.5 1.80.3
0%2%4%6%8%
10%12%14%16%18%
75 76 77 78 87 88
% sh
are
in to
tal n
exp
orts
SITC codes
Vietnam
Ïksr%;w,udkeVªsM(MCY;wvkbZVh,l)MkVkcsl,oalosZ{k.kizkDdyu
fVIi.kh%,lvkbZVhlhdksMdhO;k[;k%dk;kZy;e'khu,oaLopkfyrMkVkizkslsflaxe'khu(,lvkbZVhlh75)_nwjlapkj,oaèofufjdkfM±x(,lvkbZVhlh76)_fo|qre'khujh(,lvkbZVhlh77)_lM+dogu(,lvkbZVhlh78)]O;olkf;d,oaoSKkfudmiLdj(,lvkbZVhlh87)_iQksVksxzkiQdmidj.k(,lvkbZVhlh88)
fu;kZrckLdsV(16-8»),oadksfj;k(30-5»)dk
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nksmi&Jsf.k;ka]ftuesaHkkjregRoiw.kZfu;kZro`f¼dj
ldrkgS]osgSa%(i)dk;kZy;e'khu,oaLopkfyr
MkVkizkØe.ke'khu(,lvkbZVh,l75),oa(ii)
nwjlapkj,oaèofufjdkfM±x(,lvkbZVhlh76)
5-27 vusdvxz.khvkWVkseksckbydaifu;ksausHkkjresa,lsacyhl;a=kLFkkfirfd,gSarFkkmuesalsdqNsdusviusmRiknuusVodZdsvanjHkkjrdksfu;kZrcslds:iesavkjaHkdjuk'kq#djfn;kgS(ckWDl4esappkZns[ksa)o"kZ2000dh'kq#vkrls,lsacydhxbZdkjksadkHkkjrlsfu;kZr(iw.kZr%fcYV;wfuVesavkWVkseksckbyikVZldhrqyukesavfèkdxfrlso`f¼gqbZgSA(vkFkqdksjkyk,oaohjkef.k]2019)Aeksckby
ckWDl 4% Hkkjrh; vkWVkseksckby m|ksx th oh lh esa ,dhdj.k ls lh[k
lu~1981esaHkkjrljdkjusek#frm|ksxfyñ(,e;w,y)dhLFkkiukdsckn],e;w,yuslu~1982esalqtqdheksVj
daiuhfyñlsykblsal,oala;qDrm|edjkjfd;kAuohureizkS|ksfxdh,oaizcaèkuO;ogkjksadhO;oLFkkdjusdscnys
esalqtqdhus26»LVsdvftZrfd;kAdaiuhustkikuesaiwjhrjgls,lsacydhxbZdkjksadsvk;krlsviukizpkyd
izkjaHkfd;k]bldscknigyslqtqdk}kjkHkstsx,lseh&ukWDM(,ldsMh)rFkkbldsckniw.kZr%ukWdMkmu(lhdsMh)
dh,lsacyhdhizkjafHkdpj.kesa]Hkkjresadkjksadh,lascyhesaiQhfVaxfuEuizkS|ksfxdh,oafuEuewY;okysla?kVd,oa
miLdjvk;krdhxbZdj(gekxqph]1982)esayxk,Ao"kZ1985&89dsnkSjkuvkWVksla?kVdkasdkvk;krewY;rsthls
fxjx;k(fM&dksLVk]1995)AtkikulsHkkjresagksusokysvkWVksikVZldkvk;kr1980ds4fefy;u;w,lMkyjls
c<+dj1986esa155fefy;u;w,lMkWyjgksx;kgS]tksfdHkkjrdsdqyvkWVksikVZlvk;krdk77»gSA;|fi?kjsyw
vkWVkslgk;dm|ksxdsfodkflrgksuslsvkWVksikVZldsvk;kresalu~1980lsrsthlsdehvkbZgSAblhchp]lqtqdh
lapkfyrla;qDrm|eesaciusbfDoVhdks1987esa26»lsc<+dj40»]1992esa50»,oa2013esa56-21»djds
liQyrkvftZrdhgSAHkkjrljdkjuso"kZ2007esavius'ks"k18»'ks;jcspfn,A
lqtqdhdsizos'kdsckn]vU;tkikuhvkWVkseksckbyfofuekZrkVks;Vk]ferlqfclh]fu'kku,oaetnkHkkjresavk,(vkFkqdksjkyk
115usVodZ mRiknksa ds {ks=k esa fu;kZr&fo'ks"kKrk }kjk jkstxkj&l`tu vkSj fodkl
,oaohjkef.k2019)vusdVk;jvkWVkseksckbyikVZvkiwfrZdÙkkZ(tSlkMsulks]vkbflu]lsdh,oaVks;Vkcks'kqdw),oaoSf'od
vkWVkseksckbyikVZlmRikndigaqpx,Ans'kesa100»lfClMVhLFkkfirdjusokysigyhvkWVkseksckby,,ubZgqaMbZFkhA
oksYloSxufu'kku]ch,eMCY;w,oalqtqeksVlZuslwVdkvuqdj.kfd;kAigysla;qDrm|edjusokyhdaifu;katSlsgks.
Mk]iQksMZfiQ,V,oajsuksyVusvU;LFkkuh;ikVZUlZdslkFklaidZLFkkfirfd,rfkk100»lfclMVhLFkkfirdhA
o"kZ2000dh'kq:vkrlsHkkjrh;vkVkseksckym|ksx?kjsywcktkjdsfy,fd,tkuokysmRiknulsmYys[kuh;ifjorZu
gq,gSAtksfdoSf'od,dhdj.kdsfy,vk/hlnhrddk;Ziz.kkyhcuhjghAns'kdaiSDVdkjksadsfy,izeq[k,lsaacyh
dasnzcudjmHkjkgSA(vkFkqdksjkyk,oaohjkef.k]2019)Hkkjrdkiw.kZr%rS;kjdkjksadkfu;kZro"kZ2001ds225fefy;u
;w,lMkyjlsc<+djo"kZ2017esa8-8fcfy;u;w,lMkyjgksx;k]tcfdikVZl,oalgk;diqtks±dkfu;kZrnkso"kks±dh
vof/dschp408fefy;u;w,lMkWyjls5-5fcfy;u;w,lMkyjjgkA(fp=kesaiSuy(d)ns[ksa)vk;krlkbMdk
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0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Panel (a): Exports, US$ Million
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Panel (b): Imports, US$ Million
Motor vehicles P&C Total
116 vkfFkZd leh{kk 2019-20 [k.M 1
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-65.58
-18.32
17.92 11.77
132.14
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Growth rate
4.47
6.34
6.04
4.74
3.31
1.34
1.3
2.25
4.74
9.41
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Telecom handsets Telecom parts
5.81
7.64
8.29
9.48
12.72
Total
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