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Funded by the European Union
uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTis
gamoyeneba da moxdis
pirobebi saqarTveloSi
Tbilisi
2009
uvado Tavisuflebis
aRkveTis gamoyeneba da
moxdis pirobebi
saqarTveloSi
kvlevis jgufi:
cira Wanturia – proeqtis koordinatori – PRI
zoia (maia) xasia – proeqtis oficeri – PRI
salome qusikaSvili – administratori - PRI
2
3
sarCevi
winasityvaoba ............................................................... 5
zogadi informacia .................................................... 9
meTodologia ............................................................... 9
sikvdiliT dasjis istoria saqarTveloSi 12
uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTaTvis
sasjelis moxdis pirobebi ................................... 18
erovnuli kanonmdebloba da saerTaSoriso
standartebi ................................................................. 46
rekomendaciebi ........................................................... 59
4
5
winasityvaoba
dasrulda evrokavSiris mier dafinansebuli
orwliani proeqti - ,,globaluri moZraoba
sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebisTvis~, romelic
daiwyo 2007 wels da moicavda sam regions –
Sua aRmosavleTsa da CrdiloeT afrikas,
aRmosavleT evropasa da samxreT kavkasias
(azerbaijani, saqarTvelo, somxeTi), centralur
azias. proeqti, romelic emsaxureboda
sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebas im regionebSi,
sadac is jer kidev arsebobs da ganixilavda
uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTis sakiTxebs im
regionebSi, sadac sikvdiliT dasja ukve
gauqmebulia, ganxorcielda asociacia ,,cixis
saerTaSoriso reformis~ (PRI) mier.
samxreT kavkasiis qveynebi – azerbaijani,
saqarTvelo da somxeTi arian evropis sabWos
wevri qveynebi. mocemul qveynebSi didi xnis win
gauqmebul iqna sikvdiliT dasja, rogorc
evropis sabWoSi gawevrianebisTvis aRebuli
valdebuleba. Sesabamisad, proeqtis mTavari
mizani iyo uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa
mdgomareobis Seswavla da sazogadoebis
informireba maTi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.
kargad aris cnobili, rom msjavrdebulebi,
romlebic ixdian grZelvadian sasjels, an
uvadod aqvT Tavisufleba aRkveTili, xSirad
imyofebian ufro cud mdgomareobaSi, an xdebian
gansxvavebuli mopyrobis subieqtebi sxva
6
kategoriis msjavrdebulebTan SedarebiT,
kerZod, samxreT kavkasiis qveynebSi, sadac
sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebi mudmiv
ganviTarebas ganicdian da sadac, am mxriv,
evropis qveynebTan SedarebiT naklebi
saSualebebia.
sirTuleebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia uvado
TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebis
mdgomareobasTan da uflebebTan, Zalian
seriozulia. sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso
organizaciis angariSis mixedviT, am regionis
cixeebSi arsebuli mdgomareoba ar Seesabameba
saerTaSoriso standartebs. dakvirvebebi
cxadyofs, rom uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili
pirebi ganicdian sakuTari uflebebis dacvis
SesaZleblobis naklebobas. patimrobis
periodSi ar arsebobs sareabilitacio da sxva
tipis RonisZiebebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom
situacia azerbaijanSi, saqarTvelosa da
somxeTSi gansxvavebulia, mainc aris mravali
msgavseba. mTavari msgavseba aris cixeSi
arsebuli mdgomareobis problematuroba, Tumca
reabilitaciis ararseboba da gare samyarosTan
urTierTobis SesaZleblobebis simcire, aseve
saerTo problemas warmoadgens.
miuxedavad sirTuleebisa, saxelmwifo
struqturebis, samoqalaqo da saerTaSoriso
sazogadoebis mxridan arsebobs aseve mravali
dadebiTi cvlileba da Zalisxmeva. Zlieri
7
cixis sadamkvirveblo komisiebi da maTi
RonisZiebebi, saerTaSoriso treningebis
SesaZlebloba da gamocdilebis gaziareba,
kanonmdeblobis nabij-nabij gaumjobeseba
zrdis gamWvirvalobas da cixeebis
yoveldRiuri muSaobis xarisxs.
winamdebare gamocema ,,uvado Tavisuflebis
aRkveTis gamoyeneba da moxdis pirobebi
saqarTveloSi~ momzadebulia uvado
TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebis mdgomareobis
mimoxilvis da misi sazogadoebisaTvis gacnobis
mizniT.
gamocema ar aris, ubralod, samecniero kvleva
– is Seqmnilia sikvidiliT dasjisa da samxreT
kavkasiaSi misi gauqmebis istoriis Sejamebis
mizniT, aseve dReisaTvis arsebuli, uvado
TavisuflebaaRkveTis gamoyenebisa da moxdis
pirobebis aRweris mizniT. gamocemas aqvs
gansakuTrebuli Rirebuleba, radgan uvado
TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebis azrebi da
Sexedulebebi gamocemis erT-erTi umTavresi
wyaroa. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, aRniSnuli
proeqti exeboda sakmaod mgrZnobiare, magram
amasTanave mTel rig mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs,
romelTa Soris yvela asaxulia gamocemaSi.
`PRI”-is samxreT kavkasiis ofisi gamoxatavs
madlierebas misi partniorebis, saxelmwifo da
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebis
8
mimarT, maT mier gaweuli TanamSromlobisTvis
da zemoT xsenebul proeqtsa da winamdebare
gamocemaSi maTi wvlilisTvis.
raiT qusi
regionaluri direqtori
`PRI”-is samxreT kavkasiis ofisi
9
zogadi informacia
intervius Catarebis periodisaTvis (ivlisi-
agvisto), 2008 wlis 18 agvistos,
sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis mier
mowodebuli monacemebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos
sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi
imyofeboda 74 uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili
piri - 72 mamakaci da 2 qali. msjavrdebulebi
ganawilebulni iyvnen sam dawesebulebaSi,
kerZod, 71 msjavrdebuli mamakaci - #6
sapyrobileSi, 1 msjavrdebuli mamakaci - #7
sapyrobileSi da 2 msjavrdebuli qali - qalTa
da arasrulwlovanTa #5 saerTo da mkacri
reJimis sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi.
saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis
dawesebulebebSi ar imyofebodnen patimrebi,
romelTac misjili hqondaT sikvdiliT dasja
da mogvianebiT SeecvalaT sasjeli uvado
Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT.
meTodologia
angariSis momzadebis periodisaTvis
interviurebuli iyo 20 msjavrdebuli mamakaci
da 2 msjavrdebuli qali. interviuze mowveul
pirTagan uari mxolod erTma mamakacma
msjavrdebulma ganacxada. interviureba
xorcieldeboda yvela msjavrdebulTan kvlevis
jgufis warmomadgenelTa piradi SexvedriT.
garda kvlevis jgufis warmomadgenlebisa,
interviurebas eswreboda rusTavis #6
10
sapyrobilis fsiqologi. sxva TanamSromlebi
interviurebis process ar eswrebodnen. Tumca
aRsaniSnavia, rom mTeli intervius procesSi
dawesebulebis TanamSromeli, romelsac
mohyavda msjavrdebuli Sexvedraze, imyofeboda
meore oTaxSi. oTaxebs Soris arsebuli kari
Ria iyo. SeuZlebelia imis Tqma Tu ramdenad
dadebiTad an uaryofiTad moqmedebda misi iq
yofna intervius procesze, magram aRsaniSnavia,
rom garda erTi Sexvedris dRisa, es
TanamSromeli iyo socialuri samsaxuris
warmomadgeneli, erT SemTxvevaSi is iyo
usafrTxoebis samsaxuris muSaki.
interviurebis procesSi xorcieldeboda
urTierTTanamSromloba dawesebulebis
administraciasa da kvlevis jgufis
warmomadgenlebs Soris, aseve moxda
interviureba sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis
yvela im samsaxuris xelmZRvanelTan, romelsac
samsaxurebrivad piradi Sexeba aqvs
msjavrdebulTan (dawesebulebis direqtori,
usafrTxoebis samsaxuris xelmZRvaneli, reJimis
samsaxurisa da socialuri samsaxuris
warmomadgenlebi). TanamSromloba orive
dawesebulebis xelmZRvanelTan da
administraciis sxva warmomadgenlebTan iyo
konstruqciuli da muSaobis procesSi raime
Seferxebas an xelisSemSleli garemoebebis
arsebobas adgili ar hqonia.
11
kvlevis procesSi aseve gaTvaliswinebuli iyo
interviureba saqarTvelos parlamentis
adamianis uflebebisa da iuridiuli
komitetebis, sasamarTlos, prokuraturis,
iusticiis saministrosa da sasjelaRsrulebis
departamentis warmomadgenlebTan da
advokatebTan, romelTac monawileoba aqvT
miRebuli iseT sasamarTlo procesSi, sadac
dadga gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni da sasjeli
ganisazRvra uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT.
SexvedrebTan dakavSirebiT, werilebi winaswar
gadaegzavna aRniSnul struqturebs,
romelTaganac gamoxmaureba hqonda
saqarTvelos parlamentis adamianis uflebaTa
dacvis komitets, uzenaes sasamarTlos,
generalur prokuraturas. saapelacio
sasamarTlos sxva instanciebidan gamoxmaureba
ar yofila. gamoxmaurebis mixedviT, Sexvedrebi
daigegma agvistos TveSi, Tumca saqarTveloSi
ganviTarebuli movlenebidan gamomdinare,
Sexvedrebi gadaido garda uzenaesi
sasamarTlos mosamarTlesTan Sexvedrisa,
romelic Sedga 2008 wlis 22 agvistos. Sexvedra
da interviureba Sedga mosamarTle levan
murusiZesTan1.
sasjelaRsrulebis departamentSi Sexvedra
eTxova departamentis Tavmjdomaris
1 interviu Catarda 2008 wlis 22 agvistos.
12
moadgileebs da socialuri samsaxuris ufross.
Sexvedra Sedga Tavmjdomaris moadgilesTan
socialur sakiTxebSi da socialuri samsaxuris
ufrosTan. rac Seexeba Tavmjdomaris I
moadgiles, Sexvedris Txovnas ar
gamoxmaurebia. Sexvedris Sesaxeb Txovnas aseve
ar gamoxmaurebia iusticiis saministro.
kvlevis erT-erTi komponenti iyo erovnuli
kanonmdeblobis damuSaveba da misi ganxilva
saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad.
kvlevis Sedegebis ganxilvis mizniT, Catarda
regionaluri konferencia saerTaSoriso da
adgilobrivi organizaciebisa da saxelmwifo
struqturebis warmomadgenlebis monawileobiT.
sikvdiliT dasjis istoria
saqarTveloSi
sikvdiliT dasja, sakanonmdeblo doneze,
gauqmda 1997 wels. gauqmebis procesi
xorcieldeboda Semdegi etapebis gavliT,
kerZod, saqarTvelos prezidentis 1997 wlis 25
ivnisis # 387 brZanebulebiT Sewyalebul iqna
54 msjavrdebuli, romelsac mocemuli
periodisaTvis misjili hqonda sasjelis
umaRlesi zoma - `sikvdiliT dasja~. maT
alternatiuli sasjelis zomad ganesazRvraT
20 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, xolo 1997
wlis 11 noembers miRebul iqna kanoni #1069-Is
`sasjelis gansakuTrebuli RonisZiebis –
13
sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebis Sesaxeb~.
aRniSnulma kanonma, gaurkvevlad, magram mainc,
gaaJRera iseTi saxis sasjeli, rogoric iyo
uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, romelic, rogorc
sasjelis zoma, SemoiRo 1999 wels miRebulma
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsma, romelic ZalaSi
Sevida 2000 wlis maisis Tvidan. rac Seexeba
saqarTvelos konstitucias, masSi mxolod 2006
wels Sevida cvlileba, romelmac II Tavis me-15
muxlis me-2 nawili Camoayaliba Semdegi
formulirebiT: `saqarTveloSi sikvdiliT
dasja gauqmebulia~.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi,
romelic miRebuli iyo 1960 wlis 30 dekembers
saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos mier da
ZalaSi Sevida 1961 wlis 1 martidan,
iTvaliswinebda sasjelis umaRles zomas -
sikvdiliT dasjas. sikvdiliT dasja
gaTvaliswinebuli iyo mxolod gansakuTrebiT
mZime danaSaulisaTvis damamZimebel
garemoebebSi, kerZod, kodeqsis 24-e muxli
gansazRvravda Tu ra SemTxvevebSi SeeZloT
mosamarTleebs gamoeyenebinaT sasjelis
aRniSnuli zoma. muxli formulirebuli iyo
Semdegnairad: `sasjelis gansakuTrebuli
RonisZiebis saxiT, mis srul gauqmebamde,
daiSveba sikvdiliT dasjis - daxvretis
gamoyeneba saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mimarTuli
danaSaulisaTvis am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul
SemTxvevebSi, ganzrax mkvlelobisaTvis
14
damamZimebel garemoebebSi, rac aRniSnulia am
kodeqsis muxlebSi, romlebic aweseben
pasuxismgeblobas ganzrax mkvlelobisaTvis,
xolo saqarTvelos respublikis
kanonmdeblobiT specialurad gaTvaliswinebul
calkeul SemTxvevebSi – agreTve zogierTi sxva
gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulisaTvis.
sikvdiliT dasja ar SeiZleba miesajos im pirs,
romelsac danaSaulis Cadenamde ar Sesrulebia
Tvrameti weli, da qalebs, romlebic
danaSaulis Cadenis dros an ganaCenis
gamotanis momentisaTvis orsulad arian.
sikvdiliT dasja ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul
iqnes qalis mimarT, romelic ganaCenis
aRsrulebis momentisaTvis orsulad aris~.
mocemuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT
gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebis nusxa,
romelic iTvaliswinebda sasjelis umaRles
zomas – sikvdiliT dasjas – iyo Semdegi:
1. Tavi I - danaSauli saxelmwifos
winaaRmdeg:
• muxli 65 `samSoblos Ralati~;
• muxli 66 `jaSuSoba~;
• muxli 67 `teroristuli aqti~ (IV nawili);
15
• muxli 68 `teroristuli aqti ucxoeTis
saxelmwifos warmomadgenlis winaaRmdeg~ (I
nawili);
• muxli 69 `diversia~;
• muxli 78 `banditizmi~;
• muxli 78I `moqmedeba, romelsac
dezorganizacia Seaqvs Tavisuflebis aRkveTis
dawesebulebisA muSaobaSi~ (III nawili).
2. Tavi II - danaSauli pirovnebis
sicocxlis, janmrTelobis, Tavisuflebisa da
Rirsebis winaaRmdeg:
• muxli 104 `ganzrax mkvleloba, Cadenili
damamZimebel mdgomareobaSi~.
yvela msjavrdebuli, romelsac gansazRvruli
hqonda sasjelis umaRlesi zoma - sikvdiliT
dasja, ganTavsebuli iyo Tbilisis #1
sagamoZiebo izolatorSi (SemdgomSi #5
sapyrobile), saknebSi, romlebic mdebareobda
aRniSnuli sapyrobilis sardafis tipis
(miwisqveSa) nawilSi. mcire zomis, nestiani
saknebi, romelTac ar hqonda fanjara da masSi
ver aRwevda bunebrivi ganaTeba da ventilacia,
ZiriTadad, erTadgiliani iyo, Tumca maTi
ukmarisobis gamo, erT sakanSi ori
msjavrdebulis moTavseba daSvebuli iyo.
sikvdilmisjil msjavrdebulebs moqmedi
16
kanonmdeblobiT ar ekuTvnodaT paemani da
gaseirneba. sikvdilmisjilebi 13:00 saaTidan
15:00 saaTamde SehyavdaT meddasTan, romlis
samuSao oTaxi ganTavsebuli iyo amave korpusis
(sarTulis) teritoriaze. es gayvana ufro
aqcentirebuli iyo imaze, rom msjavrdebulis
sasjelis aRsasruleblad gayvana moulodneli
movlena ar yofiliyo da ar gamoewvia
msjavrdebulebs Soris daumorCilebloba.
aRniSnuli msjavrdebulebi ikvebebodnen dReSi
samjer dabali kaloriulobiT.
msjavrdebulTa (patimarTa) sadgomad
aRniSnuli saknebis gamoyeneba aikrZala 2001
wlis 6-18 maiss wamebis sawinaaRmdego komitetis
mier Catarebuli monitoringis Sedegad
gacemuli rekomendaciis safuZvelze, kerZod,
2002 wels gamoqveynebul CPT‐s angariSSi saknebi, sadac adre sikvdilmisjili msjavrdebulebi
iyvnen ganTavsebulni, aRwerili iyo
Semdegnairad: `erTi patimris sacxovrebeli
farTobi, albaT, 1,7kv.m-c ki ar Seadgenda2.
garda amisa, saknebi bneli, gauniavebeli,
nestiani da usufTao iyo. zogjer, isini nagvis
gotebiT iyo savse da maTi mdgomareoba imdenad
2 angariSi saqarTvelos mTavrobas, saqarTveloSi
vizitTan dakavSirebiT, romelic ganaxorciela wamebisa
da araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopyrobisa an dasjis
prevenciis Sesaxeb evropulma komitetma 2001 wlis 6
maisidan 18 maisamde. punqti 75.
17
savalalo iyo, rom Znelad eqvemdebareboda
aRweras~. vizitis bolos delegaciam iTxova,
saqarTvelos xelisuflebas Seewyvita sardafis
gamoyeneba.
1997 wlis 25 ivliss saqarTvelos prezidentis
mier gamocemul iqna #387 brZanebuleba `im
pirTa Sewyalebis Sesaxeb, romelTac misjili
aqvT sasjelis gansakuTrebuli RonisZieba –
sikvdiliT dasja~. aRniSnuli brZanebulebis
Tanaxmad, Sewyalebul iqna yvela is piri,
romelic mocemuli periodisaTvis
msjavrdebuli iyo da sasamarTlo ganaCenis
mixedviT, gansazRvruli hqonda sasjelis
umaRlesi zoma – sikvdiliT dasja da
elodeboda sasjelis aRsrulebas. amave
Sewyalebis aqtiT, yvela Sewyalebul pirs
sikvdiliT dasja Seecvala 20 wliT
Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT. mocemuli
periodisaTvis sasjelaRsrulebis sistemaSi
sul imyofeboda 54 aseTi kategoriis
msjavrdebuli.
1997 wlis 11 noembers miRebul iqna
saqarTvelos prezidentis mier inicirebuli
kanoni #1069-Is `sasjelis gansakuTrebuli
RonisZiebis – sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebis
Sesaxeb~, romelmac sasjelis aRniSnuli zoma
saqarTveloSi sabolood gaauqma. amave kanoniT,
cvlileba Sevida saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso da
18
sasjelTa aRsrulebis kodeqsebSi, kerZod,
Sesabamisi muxlebidan amoRebul iqna sityvebi
`sikvdiliT dasjiT an ...~. sikvdiliT dasjis
saboloo gauqmebis Semdeg, 1999 wlis 22 ivliss
SemuSavebul iqna axali sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsi, romelic 2000 wlis ivnisidan ZalaSi
Sevida.
uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil
pirTaTvis sasjelis moxdis
pirobebi
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoeba
saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis
dawesebulebaSi ganTavsebuli uvado
TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebi miekuTvnebian im
msjavrdebulTa kategorias, romelTac
sasamarTlos mier 2000 wlidan miesajaT uvado
Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, anu axali sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis
Semdeg, romelSic sasjelis zomad dadgenil
iqna uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. rac Seexeba
kategorias, romelsac misjili hqonda
sasjelis gansakuTrebuli zoma - sikvdiliT
dasja da Seecvala uvado Tavisuflebis
aRkveTiT, aseTi kategoriis msjavrdebulebi
saqarTveloSi sasjels ar ixdian.
Tu ra saxis danaSaulisaTvis SeiZleba
ganesazRvros saqarTvelos realobaSi pirs
uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, am SekiTxvas
19
pasuxobs realuri mdgomareobis Seswavlis
Sedegebi. kerZod, isini arian adamianebi,
romelTac sasjeli ganesazRvraT
danaSaulisaTvis `ganzrax mkvleloba
damamZimebel garemoebebSi~ saqarTvelos ssk 109
muxli da narkotikuli danaSauli saqarTvelos
ssk 260 muxlis `narkotikuli saSualebis, misi
analogis an prekursoris ukanonod damzadeba,
warmoeba SeZena, Senaxva, gadazidva, gadagzavna
an gasaReba~ III nawili. es aris sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis is muxlebi, romelic
figurirebs ganaCenebis absolutur
umravlesobaSi. Tu ramdenad obieqturad iqna
gamoyenebuli sasjelis es zoma, amaze
msjeloba scildeba proeqtis kompetencias,
magram Tu ra Sexeduleba aqvs mis
gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT im pirebs, romelTa
mimarTac es sasjeli iqna gamoyenebuli da im
pirebs, romelTa mierac iqna gamoyenebuli, am
SekiTxvas garkveulwilad pasuxi gaeca
interviurebis procesSi.
uzenaesi sasamarTlos mosamarTlem, levan
murusiZem3 interviurebis dros ganmarta
aRniSnuli sasjelis gamoyenebis realuri
SemTxvevebi da misi damokidebuleba mocemuli
sasjelis gamoyenebis mimarT. man aRniSna, rom
zogadad sisxlis samarTlis politikas
3 interviu Catarda 2008 wlis 22 agvistos.
20
saqarTveloSi gansazRvravs parlamenti, Tumca
aseTi saxis sasjelis gamoyeneba unda moxdes
ukidures SemTxvevaSi, aseve aRniSna, rom
praqtikaSi ar yofila SemTxveva, rodesac mas
gamoeyenebinos aseTi tipis sasjeli Tu piri
adre nasamarTlevi ar aris, magaliTad,
SemTxveva, rodesac ganixileboda yaCaRoba
Cadenil pirTa jgufis mier, romelsac mohyva
mZime Sedegi – 2 dazaralebulis gardacvaleba,
jgufidan uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa mxlod
or im pirs miesaja, romelic adre
yaCaRobisTvis iyo nasamarTlevi. SekiTxvaze
ramdenad mizanSewonilad miaCnia mosamarTles
aRniSnuli sasjelis gamoyenebis precendentis
daSveba qalebis mimarT, man aRniSna, rom
zogadad, sasurvelia, aseTi sasjeli qalebis
mimarT ar gamoiyenebodes, Tumca aqve unda
gaviTvaliswinoT Cadenili danaSaulis xasiaTi
da simZime.
msjavrdebulTa gamokiTxvis mixedviT, aRniSnuli sasjelis gamoyenebis mimarT damokidebuleba Semdegia: ori gamokiTxuli qalbatonidan erT-erTi kategoriulad ewinaaRmdegeba mis mimarT gamoyenebuli sasjelis zomas da aRniSnavs, rom igi araobieqturadaa gamoyenebuli, radganac miaCnia, rom mis saqmeSi Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebi ar moipoveba da aseve misTvis ganaCenis asli ar CaubarebiaT. rac Seexeba gamokiTxul mamakacebs, maT umravlesobas miaCnia, rom mis mimarT gamoZieba da
21
sasamarTlo iyo araobieqturi da amdenad, gamoyenebuli sasjelic, Sesabamisad, araobieqturia. kerZod, araobieqturobis safuZvlad saxeldeba sxvadasxva garemoebebi, magaliTad, umravlesoba miuTiTebs, rom `maT mier dasaxelebuli mowmeebi procesze ar iqnen gamoZaxebuli da dakiTxuli~; an `arc erTi pretenzia ar miiRes, miuxedavad imisa, rom advokatma gaasaCivra”; `sasamarTlom ar gaiTvaliswina fsiqiatriul saavadmyofoSi mkurnalobis faqti; advokatma moiTxova fsiqiatriuli eqspertiza, magram ar iqna dakmayofilebuli~, erT-erTi gamokiTxuli 1998 wels policiis ganyofilebaSi mis mimarT momxdar wamebis faqtze miuTiTebs: `policiaSi kbilebi damacales, mcemes da elene TevdoraZis4 naxva rom moviTxove, mcxeTaSi gadamiyvanes da 21 dRe mawamebdnen~. TiTqmis yvela gamokiTxuli piri aRniSnavs, rom zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlom yvela maTganis ganaCeni datova ucvleli da rom arc erTi maTgani zemdgomi insatanciis sasamarTloSi proceze dasaswrebad gayvanili ar yofila, Tumca adgilobrivi kanonmdebloba da saerTaSoriso standartebic mis am uflebaze miuTiTeben. kerZod, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 76-e muxlis Tanaxmad, braldebuls ufleba aqvs `monawileoba miiRos saapelacio da sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlo sxdomebSi da daicvas
4 saqarTvelos parlamentis adamianis uflebaTa dacvisa
da samoqalaqo integraciis komitetis Tavmjdomare
(msjavrdebulis mier naxsenebi periodisTvis).
22
Tavisi interesebi damoukideblad an damcvelis meSveobiT~. aseve samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb paqtis me-14 muxlis me-3 punqti gansazRvravs, rom `yvela pirs, visac bralad edeba sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis Cadena, aqvs, sul mcire, Semdegi uflebebi: ... d) gaasamarTlon misi TandaswrebiT da daicvas Tavisi Tavi piradad an mis mier arCeuli damcvelis meSveobiT~. erT-erTi uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili qalbatonis saqmes amJamad ixilavs uzenaesi sasamarTlo, kerZod, mosamarTle, romelTanac Sedga interviureba. mosamarTles daesva SekiTxva, Tu ratom ixileboda zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloebSi saqmeebi msjavrdebulis dauswreblad, romelmac ganmarta, rom es ar warmoadgens darRvevas, ris safuZvladac miuTiTa sssk 558-e muxli `sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis monawileni~ - `sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi ganxilvaSi monawileobs - patimrobaSi myofi msjavrdebuli misi SuamdgomlobiT da sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT~, amdenad aRsaniSnavia, rom miuxedavad msjavrdebulebis moTxovnisa Tu damcvelis Suamdgomlobisa, sasamarTlos aqvs moqnili meqanizmi imisaTvis, rom msjavrdebuli ar daaswros sakasacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis process, anu Tu sasamarTlom miiRo ardaswrebis gadawyvetileba. es ewinaaRmdegeba adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb evropul konvencias – muxli 6(1) – `samoqalaqo uflebebisa da movaleobebis an nebismieri sisxlis samarTlebrivi braldebis gansazRvrisas yvelas aqvs ufleba misi saqmis samarTlian da Ria mosmenaze
23
kanonis mier Seqmnili damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli tribunalis mier drois gansazRvrul vadaSi” – da gaeros mier miRebul samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqts, muxli 14(d) - ,,gaasamarTlon misi TandaswrebiT da daicvas Tavi piradad an mis mier arCeuli damcvelis saSualebiT; Tu mas hyavs damcveli, unda Seatyobinon es ufleba da hyavdes misTvis daniSnuli damcveli yvela SemTxvevaSi, roca marTlmsajulebis interesebi amas moiTxovs, usasyidlod im SemTxvevaSi, roca ar aqvs sakmarisi saxsrebi am damcvelis asanazRaureblad~. msjavrdebulTa gancxadebiT, sxvadasxva sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebisas mravali xarvezi iqna daSvebuli.
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebasTan
dakavSirebiT aRsaniSnavia kidev ori
gamokiTxuli piris saqme, romlebsac
sasamarTlos mier ganesazRvraT sasjeli –
uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT da romlebmac
danaSauli Caidines 1997 da 1998 wlebSi. orive
SemTxvevaSi maT mier Cadenili danaSauli
dakvalificirebul iqna sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 104 muxliT, romelic iTvaliswinebda
sasjelis umaRles zomas - sikvdiliT dasjas,
Tumca 1997 wlis 25 ivliss gamoica
saqarTvelos prezidentis #387 brZanebuleba,
romlis Tanaxmadac Sewyalebul iqna yvela is
piri, romelsac am periodisaTvis Sefardebuli
hqonda sasjelis gansakuTrebuli RonisZieba -
sikvdiliT dasja da sasjeli Seecvala 20
24
wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, xolo 1997 wlis
11 noembers miRebul iqna saqarTvelos kanoni
#1069-Is `sasjelis gansakuTrebuli RonisZiebis
– sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebis Sesaxeb~. 1999
wlis 22 ivliss miRebul iqna axali sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsi, romelic ZalaSi Sevida
2000 wlidan. aRniSnulma kodeqsma gaauqma 1960
wels miRebuli kodeqsis moqmedeba. axali
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT ukve
saqarTveloSi SemoRebul iqna sasjelis axali
saxe – uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. bolo ori
respondentis mimarT gamoyenebul iqna swored
aRniSnuli axali kodeqsi da maT miesajaT
uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, rac pirdapir
ewinaaRmdegeba amave
kodeqsis me-2 da me-3 muxlis moTxovnebs,
kerZod, me-2 muxlis `sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis moqmedeba droSi~ I nawilis Tanaxmad,
`qmedebis danaSaulebrioba da dasjadoba
ganisazRvreba sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT,
romelic moqmedebda misi Cadenis dros~, anu am
SemTxvevaSi ss kodeqsi, romelic moqmedebda
1997-98 wlebSi, aseve me-3 muxlis `sisxlis
samarTlis kanonis ukuZala~ I nawilis
Tanaxmad, `... sisxlis samarTlis kanons,
romelic awesebs qmedebis danaSaulebriobas an
amkacrebs sasjels ukuZala ar aqvs”.
aRniSnulis miuxedavad, orive piris mimarT
gamoyenebul iqna axali sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsi, romelic amkacrebda maT sasjels.
25
aRniSnuli saxis gadawyvetileba aseve
ewinaaRmdegeba samoqalaqo da politikuri
uflebebis Sesaxeb paqtis me-15 muxlis 1-li
punqtis moTxovnebs `... arc imaze ufro mkacri
sasjeli SeiZleba Seefardos vinmes, vidre
sasjeli, romelic gamoiyeneboda sisxlis
samarTlis danaSaulis Cadenis dros~.
anketirebis dros msjavrdebulTa mier
dasaxelebuli argumentebis miuxedavad,
romlebic uTiTeben araerTgvarovan
darRvevebze, maTi ganmartebiT, sasamarTlo,
prokuraturisa da gamoZiebis organoebi maT
saCivrebs an ar ixilaven, an yvelaferi rCeba
ucvlelad. magaliTad, `sasamarTlom 60
Suamdgomlobidan daakmayofila mxolod 1~;
`gamoZiebidanve mivmarTavdi piradad me
gancxadebebiT, magram gancxadebebi amoiRes
piradi saqmidan da maT araviTari reagireba ar
mohyolia~5.
uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aRsrulebis
pirobebi saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis
sistemaSi
msjavrdebuli mamakacebi, ZiriTadad,
ganTavsebulni arian #6 sapyrobilis 4-6
adgilian saknebSi. saknebi Sevsebulia, anu
5 interviuebi Catarda qarTvel mkvlevarTa jgufis mier
2008 wlis ivlisSi.
26
maTSi imyofeba, Sesabamisad, 4-6 msjavrdebuli.
saknis aRWurvilobaSi Sedis sawoli, karada
(sakvebis Sesanaxi), tansacmlis Sesanaxi karada
msjavrdebulebs ar gaaCniaT. sakanSi
msjavrdebulebs aseve aqvT magida, skamebi,
logini, TeTreuli (romelsac, ZiriTadad,
TviTon iZenen dawesebulebis teritoriaze
moqmed maRaziaSi) da Semdegi saxeobis WurWeli:
polieTilenis (plastmasis) erTi TefSi, erTi
Wiqa, erTi kovzi da erTi Cangali.
SekiTxvaze aris Tu ara arsebuli pirobebi
Sesaferisi imisaTvis, rom msjavrdebulma
adekvatur garemoSi moixados iseTi xangrZlivi
sasjeli, rogoricaa uvado Tavisuflebis
aRkveTa, yvela erTniSnad aRniSnavs, rom aseTi
sasjelis mosaxdelad es aris absoluturad
miuRebeli. kvlevis jgufTan Sexvedris dros
analogiuri pozicia daikava sasjelaRsrulebis
departamentis administraciam6. aRniSnulis
Sefaseba ufro mZafrad gamoikveTa bolo
interviurebis dros, rodesac msjavrdebulebi
ukve gadayvanil iyvnen #6 sapyrobilis axlad
aSenebul korpusSi, romelsac fanjrebze
damontaJebuli aqvs Jaluzebi (bolo vizitis
dros ukve moxsnili iyo), romelic
faqtobrivad araTu zRudavs sakanSi sufTa
haeris arsebobas, bunebriv ganaTebas da
6 Sexvedra Sedga 2008 wlis 18 seqtembers sasjelaRsrlebis departamentis Tavmjdomaris moadgilesTan da socialuri samsaxuris ufrosTan.
27
ventilacias, msajvrdebulTa ganmartebiT,
sakanSi aris daxuTuli haeri da dabali
ganaTeba.
aseve uTiTeben saknis farTobze, romelic maTi
ganmartebiT, `6-kaciania, magram ar aris
gaTvlili 6 kacze da Zalian viwroa~;
`sasiarulo farTi ar aris, ventilacia ar
muSaobs, sapirfareSo naxevrad Riaa~; `Zalian
Znelia am pirobebSi Caketil sivrceSi erTi da
igive adamianebis yureba, Jaluzebi
daamontaJes7, arc ganaTebaa da arc haeri
Semodis. xelovnuri ventilaciis sistema
gayvanili ar aris da xelovnuri ganaTebac ar
aris sakmarisi~; aRniSnuli pirobebi
ewinaaRmdegeba gaeros patimrebTan mopyrobis
minimaluri standartuli wesebis me-11 muxlis
a) da b) punqtebis moTxovnebs, romlis
mixedviTac, `dawesebulebaSi, sadac cxovroben
da muSaoben patimrebi: a) fanjrebi unda iyos
sakmarisi zomis imisaTvis, rom patimrebs
SeeZloT kiTxva da muSaoba dRis sinaTleze,
aseve ise unda iyos konstruirebuli, rom
uzrunvelyos sufTa haeris mowodeba imisda
miuxedavad, arsebobs Tu ara ventilaciis
xelovnuri sistema; b) xelovnuri ganaTeba unda
iyos imisaTvis, rom patimrebs SeeZloT kiTxva
da muSaoba mxedvelobis gauaresebis safrTxis
7 2008 wlis agvistoSi, mdgomareobis monitoringis dros, kvlevis jgufma aRmoaCina, rom Jaluzebi ukve moxsnili iyo.
28
gareSe~. aseve msjavrdebulebs cudi pirobebis
argumentad mohyavT is garemoeba, rom iataki
aris e. w betonis da ganmartaven, rom `betonze
cxovreba SeuZlebelia da janmrTelobisaTvis
saxifaToa~.
msjavrdebulebs abanoTi sargeblobis ufleba
aqvT kviraSi erTxel, rac stabiluria da
pretenzias naklebad gamoTqvamen, Tumca rigma
maTganma aRniSna, rom es sakmarisi ar aris da
umjobesi iqneboda sakanSi duSis qona.
evropuli cixis wesebi TavSi `higiena~, punqti
19.4 gansazRvravs, rom `adekvaturi samyoflis
uzrunvelyofa unda moxdes, raTa yovelma
patimarma SeZlos SxapiT an abazaniT
sargebloba klimatisadmi Sesatyvisi
temperaturis pirobebSi. Tu es SesaZlebelia
dRiurad, an kviraSi orjer mainc (Tu saWiroa
ufro xSiradac) zogadi higienis interesebidan
gamomdinare~.
TeTreuliT momarageba, rogorc aRiniSna,
problemuria da msjavrdebulebi TviTon iZenen
TeTreuls dawesebulebis maRaziaSi.
gaurkvevelia im msjavrdebulebis mdgomareoba,
romelsac ar SeuZliaT SeiZinon an momavalSi
ver SeZleben mis SeZenas. rac Seexeba
TeTreulis recxvas, yoveli maTgani aRniSnavs,
rom TeTreuls TviTon recxaven da aSroben
sakanSi, radganac `saerTo samrecxaoSi
garecxili aradamakmayofilebelia~. rac Seexeba
29
sarecxis gaSrobas sakanSi, romelic isedac
uhaerobiT gamoirCeva, damatebiT problemas
qmnis msjavrdebulTa janmrTelobisaTvis.
msjavrdebulTa gaseirneba xdeba yoveldRe
erTi saaTiT garda SabaTisa, rodesac maT
`utardebaT abano~. Tumca, aqac
msjavrdebulebis ganmartebiT, arsebobs
garkveuli problemebi, radganac
msjavrdebulebi, romlebic axal korpusze
arian gadayvanili aRniSnaven, rom `saseirno
ezo Zalian pataraa~; `#6 sapyrobileSi axali
saseirno ezo Zalian mcirea - 3 kaci Tu eteva~,
msjavrdebulebi erTdroulad gadian saseirnod
da maTi raodenoba xSirad orjer aRemateba
sams. sayofacxovrebo pirobebis Semowmebisas
gairkva8, rom saseirno ezoebi, daaxloebiT,
igive zomisaa, rogorc Zveli da masSi 4-6
msjavrdebulis erTdroulad yofna
SesaZleblad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.
msjavrdebulebi aRniSnaven, rom sufTa haerze
yofnis saSualeba aseTi kategoriis
msjavrdebulebs unda hqondeT dReSi aranakleb
2-3 saaTi, sadac maT eqnebaT varjiSis
saSualeba.
arsebuli pirobebi ewinaaRmdegeba evropuli
cixis wesebs, romlis Tavi `varjiSi da
8 Semowmeba Catarda kvlevis jgufis wevrebisa da cixis
administraciis mier.
30
dasveneba~ ganmartavs, rom `27.3 saTanadod
organizebuli RonisZiebebi, romlebic xels
uwyobs sijansaRes da uzrunvelyofs fizikur
varjiSsa da dasvenebas, unda warmoadgendes
reJimis ganuyofel nawils. 27.4
sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebis
xelmZRvaneloba xels unda uwyobdes msgavs
RonisZiebebs Sesabamisi aRWurvilobisa Tu
bazis uzrunvelyofis meSveobiT~.
kveba
kvebas gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba kargad
afasebs, Tumca aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac
TviTon gamzadebis xarisxs uaryofiTad
afaseben da aRniSnaven, rom `wiwibura wyliani
da ugemuria, makaroni - cudad moxarSuli~, aqve
unda aRiniSnos, rom yvela gamokiTxulma
miuTiTa kvebis xarisxis gaumjobesebaze bolo
periodSi, anu moqmedi xelmZRvanelis daniSvnis
(interviurebis droisaTvis) Semdeg, manamde,
respondentebis gadmocemiT, yofila
SemTxvevebi, rodesac sakvebi gafuWebuli iyo.
gansakuTrebiT gamoikveTa erTi garemoeba, rom
dieturi sakvebis miRebis SesaZlebloba ar
aris, kerZod, erT-erTma respondentma aRniSna,
rom Saqriani diabetiT aris daavadebuli da
igi specialur aRricxvaze ar auyvaniaT.
aRniSnuli daavadebis mqone msjavrdebulis
31
yofna cixis eqimma9 daadastura. Tumca
evropuli cixis wesebi, TavSi `kveba~, punqti
22.6 gansazRvravs, rom `eqimma an kvalificiurma
meddam unda moiTxovos sakvebi racionis
Secvla konkretuli patimrisaTvis, rodesac es
samedicino mosazrebiT saWiroa~.
rac Seexeba damatebiT sakvebs, amanaTiT
SeuZliaT miiRon xili da wvenebi, danarCeni
produqtebis SeZena SeuZliaT adgilobriv
maRaziebSi, rac bevr maTgans ar xelewifeba,
radganac ar aqvs iseTi ojaxuri mdgomareoba,
rom ojaxis wevrebma SeZlon mis angariSze
Tanxis gadmoricxva. msjavrdebulebi yvelaze
aRSfoTebiT gamoxatavdnen protests imis gamo,
rom arc amanaTiT da arc maRaziaSi ar iyideba
kitri, pamidori, yava da Cai, rac aikrZala
sityvieri miTiTebiT da am akrZalvasTan
dakavSirebiT brZaneba ar arsebobs. yavis da
Cais akrZalvas Zalian mtkivneulad gamoxatavda
yoveli maTgani. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom aseTi
saxis akrZalvebi anketirebis periodisaTvis
sxva sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi ar
SeiniSneboda, aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom es
akrZalvebi ar ganixileba `patimrobis Sesaxeb~
saqarTvelos kanoniT.
9 ix. Tavi `samedicino momsaxureba”. eqimTan interviu
Catarda 2008 wlis 10 ivliss.
32
samedicino momsaxureba
samedicino momsaxurebas respondentebi
sxvadasxvagvarad afaseben. rigi
respondentebisa mas afasebs
damakmayofileblad, rigi - saSualod da rigi
ki – cudad, kerZod, eqims miRebis dReebi ar
aqvs, magram gamoZaxebis SemTxvevaSi isini
cxaddebian uproblemod, an morige
TanamSromels Cahyavs eqimTan is msjavrdebuli,
romelsac raime Civilebi aqvs.
personalis momsaxurebas isini dadebiTad
afaseben. rac Seexeba medikamentebiT
momaragebas, yoveli gamokiTxuli piri
aRniSnavs, rom is ar aris damakmayofilebeli,
xSir SemTxvevaSi eqimebs ar aqvT saWiro
medikamenti da misi motana msjavrdebulis
ojaxis wevrebs uwevT.
gansakuTrebul problemad stomatologiuri
momsaxureba gamoikveTa, kerZod, dawesebulebas
hyavs stomatologi, romelsac ar aqvs e. w.
`bormanqana~. msjavrdebulebma aRniSnes, rom
maT im kbilis amoReba uwevT, romelic ar aris
amosaRebi, radgan misi mkurnaloba
SeuZlebelia. xelsawyoebis nakleboba aseve
problemad iqna dasaxelebuli cixis eqimis
mier10.
10 interviu cixis eqimTan Catarda 2008 wlis 10 ivliss.
33
gaeros patimrebTan mopyrobis minimaluri
standartuli wesebis samedicino momsaxurebis
TavSi, 22-e muxlis (2) da (3) punqtebSi
aRniSnulia, rom (2) `cixis saavadmyofoebs unda
hqondeT Sesabamisi samedicino
momsaxurebisaTvis da maTi mkurnalobisaTvis
saWiro danadgarebi, preparatebi da
medikamentebi, agreTve unda hyavdeT sakmarisad
kvalificiuri personali. (3) TiToeul patimars
unda hqondes imis SesaZlebloba, rom
isargeblos kvalificiuri samedicino
momsaxurebiT~.
rac Seexeba dawesebulebis gareT
saavadmyofoSi gadayvanas, #6 sapyrobileSi
ganTavsebul uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil
pirTagan, mxolod erTi msjavrdebuli iqna
gadayvanili, romelsac gaukeTda operacia, sxva
precendenti ar yofila11. erT-erTma
respondentma aRniSna, rom `piradi eqimis
Semoyvanis problemaa, SesaZlebelia marto
sistemis eqimis gamoZaxeba~.
#6 sapyrobilis mTavarma eqimma intervius
dros aRniSna, rom msjavrdebulTa
janmrTelobis mdgomareoba stabiluria,
fsiqikuri garTulebebiT aris mxolod erTi
patimari, erTi daavadebulia tuberkuloziT,
romelmac mkurnalobis kursi gaiara, erTs
11 interviu cixis eqimTan Catarda 2008 wlis 10 ivliss.
34
gaukeTda qirurgiuli operacia da gadayvanil
iqna qalaqis saavadmyofoSi, erT msjavrdebuls
aqvs diabeti da mowmdeba sistematurad, Tumca
mocemulma msjavrdebulma intervius dros
aRniSna, rom ar aris ayvanili aRricxvaze
rogorc daavadebuli da ar eZleva dieturi
sakvebi, rac ewinaaRmdegeba eqimis ganmartebas.
#5 dawesebulebis xelmZRvanelis ganmartebiT,
samedicino momsaxureba aris 24-saaTiani da
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, maTi gadayvana moxdeba
farTo profilis qalaqis saavadmyofoSi.
sanitarul-higienur mdgomareobas
respondentebi dadebiTad afaseben, Tumca erT-
erTma respondentma aRniSna, rom `sasmeli
wyali uvargisia, ikeTebs naleqs da Smordeba~.
yvela gamokiTxulma pirma aRniSna, rom
Semoyvanis dros samedicino Semowmeba ar
gauvlia, man gaiara mxolod garegani
daTvaliereba. erT-erTi respondentis
ganmartebiT, mas sapyrobileSi Seyvanis dros
aReniSneboda sxeulis sxvadasxva saxis
dazianebebi, romelic ar dafiqsirebula.
reJimis samsaxuris ufrosis ganmartebiT,
Semoyvanisas msjavrdebulebi gadian samedicino
Semowmebas da aseve ecnobian ufleba-
movaleobebs. operatiuli morige ukiTxavs
uflebebs da awerinebs xels, Tu aqvs survili,
SeuZlia TviTon waikiTxos, aRniSnul faqts ar
35
adastureben #6 sapyrobilis msjavrdebulebi.
rac Seexeba #5 dawesebulebas, direqtoris
ganmartebiT, msjavrdebulebs SemoyvanisTanave
ecnobaT TavianTi ufleba-movaleobebi,
romelic aseve gamokrulia maT saknebSi. aseve
msjavrdebuls konsultaciis mizniT xvdeba
socialuri muSaki, fsiqologi da utardebaT
samedicino Semowmeba.
kavSiri gare samyarosTan
ojaxis wevrebTan Sexvedris SesaZlebloba
uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirebs eZlevaT
weliwadSi oTxjer, 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT.
erT-erTma respondentma aRniSna, rom es dro
Semoifargleba 45 wuTiT. ojaxis wevrebTan
Sexvedrebis problemas respondentebi 4
konteqstSi ganixilaven:
a) Sexvedra xdeba tixaris meSveobiT, rac
absoluturad miuReblad miaCniaT. erT-erTma
respondentma Sexvedris procesi aRwera
Semdegnairad: `ar gvaqvs uSualo kontaqti
ojaxis wevrebTan, radgan Cvens Soris minis
kedelia~;
b) msjavrdebulTa absoluturi
umravlesoba grZelvadiani paemnis akrZalvas
mwvaved ganicdis da aRniSnavs, rom
faqtobrivad es procesi gaxda safuZveli maTi
ojaxebis dangrevis, an maTi ganmartebiT, Tu
36
dRes es ar momxdara, uaxloes momavalSi
aucileblad moxdeba;
g) Sexvedraze dasaSveb pirTa SezRudva,
rac imas niSnavs, rom es adamianebi verasdros
Sexvdebian iseT axlo naTesavebs, rogoricaa
deida, mamida, biZa, biZaSvili da a.S.;
d) bolos ki, gansakuTrebulad xazi gaesva
2007 wels kanonSi Sesul cvlilebas (2006 17 10,
#3630), romlis Tanaxmadac msjavrdebulis
paemnis Sesaxeb administracias unda ecnobos 5
samuSao dRiT adre, rac problemas uqmnis
Soridan Sexvedraze mosul pirebs, romlebsac
ar aqvT SesaZlebloba 5 dReSi orjer
Camovidnen sasjelis moxdis adgilze, rac
problemas uqmnis maT rogorc ekonomikurad,
aseve fizikurad.
evropuli cixis wesebi ganmartavs, rom punqti -
24.4 `paemnebis organizacia ise unda
ganxorcieldes, rom saSualeba mieceT
patimrebs SeinarCunon da ganaviTaron ojaxuri
urTierTobebi SeZlebisdagvarad normalur
garemoSi~, rasac mkveTrad ewinaaRmdegeba
ojaxTan SesaZlo urTierTobis arsebuli
sistema, rac garda imisa, rom aris xarvezi
praqtikaSi gamoyenebuli wesebis mixedviT, aseve
igi warmoadgens `patimrobis Sesaxeb~
saqarTvelos moqmedi kanonis xarvezs,
romelSic 2006 wels Setanilma cvlilebebma
37
mkveTrad gaamkacra, SezRuda da gaarTula
msjavrdebulebis ojaxTan kontaqtis
SesaZlebloba.
administraciis gamokiTxul warmomadgenelTa
azri sxvadasxvagvaria msjavrdebulis paemanTan
mimarTebiT, kerZod, Tavmjdomaris moadgile
socialur sakiTxebSi ganmartavs, rom
moklevadiani paemnebi tixaris meSveobiT xdeba,
raTa msjavrdebulebma SeigrZnon maT mier
Cadenili danaSaulis mTeli simZime, rac
Seexeba grZelvadian paemnebs, igi ganmartavs,
rom grZelvadiani paemnebi kargi meqanizmia
cixis marTvisaTvis, magram Tu menejmenti ar
aris awyobili, anu aris korufciis albaToba,
aseT SemTxvevaSi, iqneba rTuli, amdenad ar
aris momxre grZelvadiani paemnebisa.
sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis socialuri
samsaxuris xelmZRvanelis ganmartebiT,
Sexvedris pirobebi unda iyos gansxvavebuli
tixariT da tixars miRma administracias unda
mieces saSualeba msjavrdebulis qcevis
mixedviT gansazRvros romeli tipis paemani
hqondes mas, xolo rac Seexeba grZelvadiani
paemnebis akrZalvas, igi ganmartavs, rom
grZelvadiani Sexvedrebis akrZalva
gamowveulia akrZaluli nivTebis gadacemis
prevenciis mizniT.
38
sapyrobilis direqtori aRniSnavs, rom
Sexvedra ojaxis wevrebTan uwevT weliwadSi
oTxjer. Sexvedris akrZalvis SemTxveva ar
yofila, direqtors ufleba aqvs misces erTi
damatebiTi paemani, romelic gamoiyeneba.
msjavrdebulebi ar gamoTqvamen pretenzias im
gareSe pirebis SexvedrasTan dakavSirebiT,
romelic gaTvaliswinebulia kanoniT, kerZod,
advokati, religiis warmomadgeneli, saxalxo
damcvelis warmomadgeneli. Tumca erT-erTma
respondentma, romelic iyo somexi erovnebis,
aRniSna, rom ar hqonia SemTxveva Sexvedroda
Tavisi religiis warmomadgenels.
uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil msjavrdebulebs
ar gaaCniaT telefoniT sargeblobis problema,
anu #6 sapyrobileSiEmyof pirebs telefoniT
sargebloba SeuZliaT yovel meore dRes 15-15
wuTiT, Tumca msjavrdebulebi aRniSnaven, rom
15 wuTi ar aris sakmarisi dro. rac Seexeba
qalTa dawesebulebas, uvado
TavisuflebaaRkveTil msjavrdebulebs
telefoniT sargeblobis problema ar gaaCniaT.
presisa da sainformacio saSualebebis
xelmisawvdomoba msjavrdebulebs met-naklebad
gaaCniaT, anu yvela sakanSi, rogorc qalebs,
aseve mamakac msjavrdebulebs aqvT televizori
da xeli miuwvdebaT presis saSualebebze im
SemTxevaSi, Tu maT moutanen ojaxis wevrebi,
39
xolo rac Seexeba radios, ar gaaCniaT. orive
dawesebulebaSi funqcionirebs biblioTeka,
romelic xelmisawvdomia msjavrdebulTaTvis.
gancxadebebi da saCivrebi
respondentebis umravlesoba aRniSnavs, rom
gancxadebebisa da saCivrebis gagzavnis
SesaZlebloba aris da am mxriv problema ar
yofila arc qalTa #5 dawesebulebasa da arc
#6 sapyrobileSi. umravlesobis pasuxi iyo -
`aris gagzavnis SesaZlebloba~ da yoveli
maTgani aRniSnavda, rom gancxadebebi da
saCivrebi igzavneba socialuri samsaxuris
warmomadgenlebis meSveobiT. Tumca am sferoSi
gamoikveTa gamonaklisi SemTxvevebi, kerZod,
orma msjavrdebulma mamakacma aRniSna, rom
`realurad ar igzavneba, Tu administracias
exeba~, `saCivrebis miReba da gagzavna xdeba
kviraSi erTxel, rac aradamakmayofilebelia,
xSir SemTxvevaSi kontaqts ver vamyarebT
socialuri samsaxuris muSakebTan, radgan
kontroliorebi ar eZaxian~12. rac Seexeba
msjavrdebul qalebs, maT ar dausaxelebiaT
aRniSnul TemasTan dakavSirebuli raime
problema #5 dawesebulebaSi, Tumca maT mier
12 gaeros minimaluri standartuli wesebi `patimrebis
mopyrobis” Sesaxeb, wesi 36(1).
40
dasaxelebuli aqtualuri problema exeboda #2
sapyrobileSi maTi yofnis periods, sadac
aRniSnavdnen, rom `xdeboda fsiqologiuri
zewola, gancxadebebi korpuss gareT ar
gadioda~.
#6 sapyrobilidan gancxadebebisa da saCivrebis
kviraSi erTxel gagzavnis faqts adasturebs
dawesebulebis administraciac.
msjavrdebulTa absoluturma umravlesobam
daafiqsira, rom yovel maTgans gasaCivrebuli
hqonda sasamarTlo ganaCeni, Tumca pasuxi iyo
erTi da igive `adekvaturi pasuxi ar mimiRia~.
personalTan urTierToba
personalTan urTierTobas da maTi mxridan
mopyrobas #5 dawesebulebasa da #6
sapyrobileSi myofi pirebi dadebiTad
axasiaTeben. isini aRniSnaven, rom maT xSiri
Sexeba aqvT personalTan, urTierToba
normaluria da problemebiT ar xasiaTdeba.
Tumca, aq aRsaniSnavia qali
msjavrdebulebisadmi #2 sapyrobileSi yofnis
procesSi maTdami mopyroba da damokidebuleba.
orive maTgani aRniSnavs, rom isini
ganTavsebuli iyvnen ara im ganyofilebaSi,
sadac arian patimari qalebi, aramed
ganyofilebaSi, sadac xorcieldeba programa
`atlantisi~ da sadac msjavrdebulebi,
romlebic programas gadian, arian mamakacebi da
41
personalic ZiriTadad mamakacebi arian,
aRniSnaven rom imyofebodnen `fsiqologiuri
zewolisa da SiSis qveS, 6 Tve ar gauyvaniaT
abanoSi~, erT-erTi maTgani ganTavsebuli iyo
sakanSi fsiqikurad daavadebul
msjavrdebulTan erTad.
gamokiTxuli msjavrdebulebi ar afiqsireben
personalTan urTierTobaSi raime problemas,
ramac SeiZleba xeli SeuSalos maT
urTierTobas, Tumca aRsaniSnavia, rom arc erT
dawesebulebaSi, sadac aseTi kategoriis
msjavrdebulebi arian ganTavsebuli, ar hyavT
specialurad momzadebuli personali13.
personalis sakiTxs gansakuTrebuli yuradReba
daeTmo dawesebulebebis administraciasTan
interviurebis dros.
#5 dawesebulebis direqtoris ganmartebiT,
`personalis SerCeva konkretulad am
kategoriis msjavrdebulebTan samuSaod ar
xdeba, maT emsaxurebian Cveulebriv sapyrobilis
TanamSromlebi, romlebic raime
gansakuTrebuli saxis momzadebas ar gadian.
urTierToba msjavrdebulebsa da personals
Soris normaluria, maT raime SezRuduli an
daZabuli urTierToba ar aqvT~.
13 interviu #5 sapyrobilis administraciasTan, 2008 wlis
ivlisi.
42
analogiur ganmartebas iZleva #6 sapyrobilis
administracia: `calke gamoyofili personali,
romelic uvadoebTan muSaobs, aseTi kategoria
ar aris, eseni arian Cveulebrivi reJimis da
usafrTxoebis TanamSromlebi. personalis
SerCeva xdeba adgilze administraciis mier,
ufro sworad, saukeTeso kadrebi irCeva
arsebulidan da maTi mimagreba xdeba mocemul
kategoriasTan, TanamSromlebi irCevian
namsaxurobis, Tvisebebis, xasiaTis mixedviT,
unda icodes maTTan muSaoba. personalsa da
msjavrdebulebs Soris urTierToba
normaluria da raime seriozul dapirispirebas
adgili ar hqonia~.
Sewyaleba da sasjelis moxdisagan vadamde
adre gaTavisuflebis SesaZlebloba
yvela gamokiTxulma respondentma icoda, rom
msjavrdebuls, romelsac sasamarTlos mier
miesaja sasjeli uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT,
aqvs ufleba mimarTos prezidents Sewyalebis
moTxovniT, an gaTavisuflebul iyos sasjelis
moxdisagan vadamde adre. Tumca mxolod
ramdenime respondentma icoda, rom vadamde
adre gaTavisuflebis SesaZlebloba maT
SeiZleba hqondeT sasjelis aranakleb 25 wlis
moxdis Semdeg. respondentebis pasuxebi
mocemul SekiTxvaze iyo Semdegi: `Cemi versiiT,
Sewyaleba - 15 weliwadSi, vadaze adre
gaTavisufleba - 25 weliwadSi~, pirvel
43
versiasTan dakavSirebiT aqve ganmartavs, rom 15
weli sakmarisi droa da meti saWiro ar aris;
Semdegi pasuxi `15-20 weli~; `Sewyalebaze
gagzavnis ufleba - 20-25 weliwadSi~, pasuxebi
am ukanasknel kiTxvaze, xSir SemTxvevebSi
rekomendaciis saxesac iRebs da isini uTiTeben
sakuTar versiebs, Tu ramden xanSi unda moxdes
aseTi kategoriis msjavrdebulebis saqmeebis
gadaxedva, radganac droTa ganmavlobaSi am
msjavrdebulebis sazogadoebrivad saSiSi
xasiaTi klebulobs. magaliTad:
`msjavrdebulebs unda hqondeT yovel 5
weliwadSi saqmeebis gadaxedvis moTxovnis
ufleba~, an `saqmeebis gadaxedvis saWiroeba
yovel 10 weliwadSi~. rac Seexeba
msjavrdebulebs, romlebmac ar icodnen maTi am
uflebebis arsebobis Sesaxeb, aRniSnavdnen, rom
ar gaacnes maT Tavisi ufleba-movaleobebi.
SekiTxvaze, Tu rogor fiqroben es adamianebi,
Tu ra vadaSi iqneboda mizanSewonili sisxlis
samarTlis saqmis gadaxedva
msjavrdebulTaTvis sasjelis Semsubuqebis
mizniT, pasuxebi araerTgvarovani iyo rogorc
msjavrdebulTa mxridan, aseve personalis
mxridanac. aRsaniSnavia mosamarTlis14 azri,
interviurebisas dasmul SekiTxvaze man
ganmarta, rom sasjelis Semsubuqebaze fiqri 10
14 uzenaesi sasamarTlos mosamarTle, levan murusiZe.
mosamarTlesTan interviu Catarda 2008 wlis agvistoSi.
44
wlis Semdeg iqneboda mizanSeuwoneli im
adamianebis mimarT, romlebmac gansakuTrebiT
mZime danaSauli Caidines, Tumca SesaZlebelia
es iyos 15 weli, magram aqve kanonSi unda
ganisazRvros vis mieniWeba es uflebamosileba
(sasamarTlo, sasjelaRsrulebis departamenti
da a.S.).
sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis
administraciis midgomac mocemuli
sakiTxisadmi iyo araerTgvarovani, SekiTxvaze _
SewyalebasTan dakavSirebiT ar aris kanoniT
dadgenili Tu rodis ekuTvnis uvado
TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirebs Sewyaleba,
rogoria Tqveni azri da aris Tu ara
adekvaturi dro sasjelis moxdis 25-wliani
vada imisaTvis, rom pirma miiRos SeRavaTi?
departamentis Tavmjdomaris moadgile _
SewyalebebTan an sxva SeRavaTebTan
dakavSirebiT sasurvelia da misaRebi ucxoeTis
praqtika sxvadasxva dadebiTi maCveneblebis
mixedviT, magaliTad:
1. kargad muSaoba;
2. kargad swavla;
3. sxva maxasiaTeblebi, romelic aCvenebs
sasjelis moxdis periodSi aris Tu ara piri
orientirebuli gamosworebisken.
45
am monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasjelis
garkveuli vadis moxdis Semdeg, unda iyos
SesaZlebeli piri gadaiyvanon naklebad mkacri
reJimis dawesebulebaSi.
magaliTad, qalis SemTxvevaSi unda xdebodes
asakis an/da janmrTelobis mdgomareobis
gaTvaliswineba, aseve gadamwyveti unda iyos
administraciis azri am piris mimarT.
Tu saqarTveloSi Seiqmneba axali kategoriis
dawesebulebebi, am SemTxvevaSi aucileblad
unda gaiaros daxuruli tipis dawesebuleba,
SemdgomSi individualurad unda iqnes
miRebuli gadawyvetileba yovel pirze Tu
romeli reJimis dawesebulebaSi unda moxdes
piris gadayvana sasjelis mosaxdelad.
#5 dawesebulebis direqtori - `25 weli
vadamde adre gaTavisuflebis moTxovnisaTvis
Zalian bevria. maT mimarT SeRavaTis gavrceleba
saqcielis gaTvasliswinebiT, an saqmis
gadaxedviT unda xdebodes~.
#6 sapyrobilis administracia - `msjavrdebuls
Sewyalebaze mimarTvis ufleba unda hqondes,
savaraudod, sasjelis 20 wlis moxdisASemdeg
administraciis daxasiaTebis safuZvelze~.
imdenad, ramdenadac saqarTvelos
sasjelaRsrulebis sistemaSi zogadad da
gansakuTrebiT ki, uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili
46
pirebisaTvis ar aris xelmisawvdomi
ganaTlebis, dasaqmebis da sxva saxis
sareabilitacio programebSi monawileoba,
amdenad zemoT aRniSnuli kriteriumebiT
msjavrdebulTa Sefaseba faqtobrivad
SeuZlebelia, saWiroa moiZebnos sxva
alternativebi, rac ufro moqnils gaxdis
aRniSnul pirTa mimarT SeRavaTebis
gavrcelebis sakiTxis ganxilvis
SesaZleblobas.
erovnuli kanonmdebloba da
saerTaSoriso standartebi
1999 wlis 22 ivliss sikvdiliT dasjis
sabolood gauqmebis Semdeg, SemuSavda axali
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, romelic ZalaSi
Sevida 2000 wlis ivnisSi. aRniSnuli kodeqsiT
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis
sferoSi dainerga sasjelis axali zoma -
uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, romelic
faqtobrivad iyo sikvdiliT dasjis
alternatiuli RonisZieba, radganac sasjelis
es zoma gamoiyeneba im danaSaulebze, romelzec
gamoiyeneboda sikvdiliT dasja, Tumca aqve
unda aRiniSnos, rom misi masStabebi mkveTrad
gaizarda da igi bevrad ufro meti
danaSaulebis SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba vidre
sikvdiliT dasja.
47
aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom sikvdiliT dasjis
gamoyenebisagan gansxvavebiT, sadac
mosamarTles kanoni zRudavda aRniSnuli
sasjelis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, uvado
Tavisuflebis aRkveTis gamoyenebisas SezRudva
mosamarTlis mimarT kanoniT Zalian mcirea,
kerZod, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 51-e
muxliT `uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa~
gansazRvrulia, misi gamoyenebis standartebi:
`1. uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa SeiZleba
dainiSnos mxolod gansakuTrebiT mZime
danaSaulisaTvis; 2. uvado Tavisuflebis
aRkveTa ar daeniSneba imas, visac danaSaulis
Cadenamde ar Sesrulebia Tvrameti weli, an
visac ganaCenis gamotanis momentisaTvis
Seusrulda samoci weli~. axali sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsiT im muxlebis nusxa,
romelzec SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnes
uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, Semdegia:
1. Tavi XIX – danaSauli sicocxlis
winaaRmdeg15;
2. Tavi XXIII – danaSauli adamianis
uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis winaaRmdeg16;
3. Tavi XXX – danaSauli sazogadoebrivi
uSiSroebisa da wesrigis winaaRmdeg17;
15 muxli 109 `ganzrax mkvleloba damamZimebel garemoebaSi~ (III nawili). 16 muxli 1432 `arasrulwlovniT vaWroba (trefikingi) – cvlileba 25.07.06 #3530~ (IV nawili).
48
4. Tavi XXXIII – narkotikuli danaSauli18;
5. danaSauli saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg, Tavi
XXXVII – danaSauli saqarTvelos
konstituciuri wyobilebisa da uSiSroebis
safuZvlebis winaaRmdeg19;
6. Tavi XXXVIII - terorizmi20;
17 muxli 2272 `stacionaruli platformis marTlsawinaaRmdegod daufleba, ganadgureba an dazianeba~ (nawili III; cvlileba 25 07 06 #3542). 18 muxli 260 `narkotikuli saSualebis, misi analogis an prekursoris ukanono damzadeba, warmoeba, SeZena, Senaxva, gadazidva, gadagzavna an gasaReba~ (nawili III; cvlileba 25 07 07 #3530); muxli 260 `saqarTveloSi narkotikuli saSualebis, misi analogis an prekursoris ukanonod Semotana, saqarTvelodan ukanonod gatana an tranzitiT saerTaSoriso gadazidva~ (nawili IV; cvlileba 25. 07. 06 # 3530). 19 muxli 308 `saqarTvelos teritoriuli xelSeuxeblobis darRveva~ (nawili II; cvlileba 2804 06 #2937); muxli 318 `sabotaJi~ (nawili III; cvlileba 28 04 06 #2937). 20 muxli 323 `teroristuli aqti~ (nawili III; cvlileba
25. 07. 06 #3530 ); muxli 324 `teqnologiuri terorizmi~
(nawili II; cvlileba 25. 07. 06 #3542); muxli 3241
`kiberterorizmi~ (nawili II; cvlileba 25. 07. 06 #3530);
muxli 325 `saqarTvelos politikuri Tanamdebobis pirze
Tavdasxma~ (cvlileba 25. 07. 06 #3530); muxli 326
`saerTaSoriso dacvis mosargeble pirze an
dawesebulebaze Tavdasxma~ (cvlileba 25. 07. 06 #3530);
muxli 330 `strategiuli an gansakuTrebuli
mniSvnelobis obieqtebis xelSi Cagdeba an blokireba
teroristuli mizniT~ (cvlileba 25. 07. 06 #3530); muxli
3311 `terorizmis dafinanseba~ (cvlileba 25. 07. 06 #3530).
49
7. danaSauli kacobriobis winaaRmdeg, Tavi
XI.VII - danaSauli kacobriobis mSvidobis,
uSiSroebisa da saerTaSoriso humanitaruli
samarTlis winaaRmdeg21.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba
gansazRvravs garkveul normebs, romlebic
adgens SezRudvebs samarTalwarmoebis
sxvadasxva etapze, kerZod, 81-e muxlis,
`iZulebiTi dacva~, Tanaxmad, procesis
mwarmoebel organos ekrZaleba eWvmitanilis,
braldebulis, gansasjelis uari damcvelis
daniSvnaze Tu: punqti d) eWvmitanils,
braldebuls, gansasjels Cadenili aqvs iseTi
danaSauli, romlisTvisac SeiZleba sasjelad
dainiSnos uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa.
muxli 284 `braldebis wayeneba~, adgens
prokuroris monawileobas dakiTxvis procesSi,
kerZod, nawili 3. `... im pirTa saqmeebze,
romelTac SeiZleba daeniSnoT uvado
Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, agreTve, Tu
braldebuli an misi warmomadgeneli
21 muxli 404 `agresiuli omis momzadeba an warmoeba~
(nawili II; cvlileba 28 04 06 #2937); muxli 407
`genocidi~ (cvlileba 28 04 06 #2937); muxli 408
`danaSauli adamianurobis winaaRmdeg~ (cvlileba 28 04
06 #2937); muxli 409 `ekocidi~ (nawili II; cvlileba 28 04
06 #2937); muxli 411 `saerTaSoriso humanitaruli
samarTlis normebis ganzrax darRveva SeiaraRebuli
konfliqtis dros~ (nawili II).
50
Suamdgomloben, prokuroris monawileoba
dakiTxvaSi savaldebuloa~ (cvlileba 16 12 2005
#2265).
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba
krZalavs sasamarTlo gamoZiebis gauqmebis,
Sekvecis an gagrZelebis sakiTxis gadawyvetas,
kerZod, 473-e muxlis me-4 nawili adgens:
`sasamarTlo gamoZiebis gauqmeba, Sekveca
dauSvebelia, Tu gansasjels ar Sesrulebia 16
weli, fsiqikuri nakli aqvs an bralad edeba
iseTi danaSaulis Cadena, romlisTvisac
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT
gaTvaliswinebulia sasjelis saxiT
Tavisuflebis aRkveTa 15 welze meti vadiT an
uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa.....~; aseve
saproceso kanonmdebloba uwesebs SezRudvas
mosamarTleebs gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros,
kerZod, muxli 500 `mosamarTleTa YTaTbirisa
da saqmis calkeul sakiTxebze
gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis wesi~, nawili me-4:
`sakiTxi wydeba xmaTa ubralo umravlesobiT.
gadawyvetileba sasjelis zomad uvado
Tavisuflebis aRkveTis daniSvnis Sesaxeb
mosamarTleebma SeiZleba miiRon mxolod
erTxmad~.
`patimrobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos
kanomdebloba gansazRvravs uvado
TavisuflebaaRkveTil msjavrdebulTa
sasjelis moxdis adgilas ganTavsebisa da
51
sasjelis moxdis pirobebs. aqve aRsaniSnavia,
rom kanonmdebloba Zalian mokled da mSralad
gansazRvravs uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil
msjavrdebulTa yofnis pirobebs, romelic
mxolod moiazrebs Tu sad unda moTavsdnen am
kategoriis msjavrdebulebi, ramdeni paemani
ekuTvniT da ra saxis disciplinuri sasjeli
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes maT mimarT,
miuxedavad maT mimarT gamoyenebuli sasjelis
simZimisa da gansakuTrebuli xasiaTisa
(xangrZlivobisa).
amasTan, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im garemoebas,
rom es msjavrdebulebi kanonis Tanaxmad
Tavsdebian sxva kategoriis
msjavrdebulebisagan izolirebulad da aseve
awesebs specialur standarts maTTan
kontrolis gansaxorcieleblad kerZod
mocemuli kanoni muxli 77 `uvado
TavisuflebaaRkveTili msjavrdebulebis yofnis
Taviseburebani~ pirveli nawili gansazRvravs
Tu ra pirobebSi unda moTavsdnen uvado
TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebi, `1. uvado
TavisuflebaaRkveTil msjavrdebulebs
amyofeben sadReRamiso dakavebis saknebSi, sadac
SesaZlebelia mudmivi vizualuri kontroli~,
rac aSkarad usvams xazs aseTi kategoriis
msjavrdebulTa kanonis mixedviT
gansakuTrebul kategoriad ganxilvas,
miuxedavad amisa kanoni ar ganmartavs maT
yofnis pirobebs, gare samyarosTan
52
urTierTobas, reabilitaciis, ganaTlebisa da
dasaqmebis SesaZleblobas, samedicino
momsaxurebis Taviseburebebs da a.S.
aseve mwiria im debulebis standartebi,
romelic aregulirebs sapyrobilis muSaobis
Taviseburebebs, anu im dawesebulebis muSaobis
specifikas, romlis erT-erT danayofSi unda
moTavsdnen uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili
msjavrdebulebi. Tu CavTvliT, rom garda im
standartebisa, romelic kanonSi gamoyofilad
aris aRwerili sxva yvela ufleba da pirobebi
analogiuria sxva msjavrdebulebis pirobebisa,
rac kvlevis Sedegad gamovlenil realur
mdgomareobas ar Seesabameba, aseT SemTxvevaSic
kanonmdeblobis analizi da misi Sedareba
saerTaSoriso standartebTan, kerZod ki,
evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis mier 2006
wlis 11 ianvars miRebul `cixis penitenciur
wesebTan~ da gaerTianebuli erebis
organizaciis mier 1955 wels miRebul
`patimrebTan mopyrobis minimalur standartul
wesebTan~, gvaZlevs mniSvnelovan Seusabamobas.
ganTavseba
`patimrobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 22-e
muxli `msjavrdebulTa gancalkevebiT
moTavseba~, I nawili, romelic ganmartavs, Tu
sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi vis
aTavseben calke, romlis d – qvepunqti
53
uTiTebs, rom sxva masisagan calke aTavseben
`uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTilebs~, aRniSnuli
moTxovna ewinaaRmdegeba zemoT aRniSnul
standartebs, radganac cixis penitenciuri
wesebis 18.8 punqti da minimaluri wesebis me-8
wesi, sadac ganxilulia kategoriebis mixedviT
patimarTa moTavseba, aseT diferencirebas ar
scnobs.
`patimrobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 76-e
muxli `msjavrdebulebi, romlebic sasjels
ixdian sapyrobileSi~ gansazRvravs, rom `1.
sapyrobileSi Tavisuflebis aRkveTis moxda
Seefardeba pirs, romelic msjavrdebulia
uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT...~, Tumca aq ar
aris miTiTebuli Tu sapyrobilis romeli
reJimiT unda moixadon sasjeli aseTi
kategoriis msjavrdebulebma da romeli
reJimisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebi
Seesatyviseba maT yofnis pirobebs, radganac
amave kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, sapyrobile
dayofilia or reJimad - sapyrobilis saerTo
da sapyrobilis mkacri reJimi (muxli 78,
sapyrobilis reJimis saxeebi).
disciplina da sasjeli
saerTaSoriso standartebi gansazRvravs, rom
disciplinuri sasjeli unda iqnes
gamoyenebuli, rogorc ukiduresi RonisZieba,
aseve cixis penitenciuri wesebi adgens
54
moTxovnas, Tu ra standartebs unda
iTvaliswinebdes erovnuli kanonmdebloba,
kerZod:
`57.2 erovnuli kanonmdebloba unda
gansazRvravdes, rom:
a. patimari dauyovnebliv iyos
informirebuli im enaze, romelic gasagebia
misTvis da detalurad hqondes miwodebuli
informacia im danaSaulis Sesaxeb, romelSic
edeba brali;
b. patimars gaaCndes adekvaturi dro da
SesaZlebloba, raTa moemzados dasacavad;
g. patimari iyos uflebamosili, daicvas
Tavi TviTon an advokatis meSveobiT, rodesac
samarTlianobis interesebi amas moiTxovs;
d. patimari iyos uflebamosili moiTxovos
damswreebis daswreba da moiTxovos maTi
dakiTxva da;
e. patimars gaaCndes Tavisufali
xelmisawvdomoba Tarjimanze, Tu mas ar
SeuZlia gaigos an isaubros im enaze, romelic
gamoiyeneba sasamarTlo mosmenisas”.
aRniSnul moTxovnas ewinaaRmdegeba `patimrobis
Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 77-e muxlis me-3
nawili, sadac ganmartebulia, rom `reJimisa da
Sinaganawesis darRvevisaTvis msjavrdebuls
55
(saubaria uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirze)
SeiZleba disciplinuri sasjelis saxiT
ganesazRvros: a) sayveduri; b) safosto
gzavnilebis miRebis da gagzavnis akrZalva; g)
karcerSi moTavseba vadiT samidan oc dRemde~.
analogiurad, arasaTanadod aris ganxiluli
kanonSi disciplinuri sasjelebis gamoyenebis
wesi, zogadad, yvela msjavrdebulis mimarT
(muxli 30), sadac ar aris saubari gasaCivrebis
wesze da instanciebze, romelsac SeuZlia
mimarTos sasjeldadebulma pirma, aseve dacvis
uflebaze, TarjimniT sargeblobaze da a.S.
aRsaniSnavia, rom interviurebis dros rigi
msjavrdebulebi aRniSnavdnen, rom
disciplinuri sasjelis forma uvado
TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebis mimarT aris ara
adgilze karcerSi moTavseba, aramed maTi
gadayvana #7 sapyrobileSi.
yvela saerTaSoriso standartidan da aseve
adgilobrivi kanonmdeblobis moTxovnebidan
gansxvavdeba is instituti, romelic SemoRebul
iqna `patimrobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi
2007 wlis 29 ivniss Sesuli cvlilebiT,
romliTac kanons daemata xuTi axali muxli
(301; 302; 303; 304; 305). aRniSnulma cvlilebam
SemoiRo administraciuli patimrobis
instituti, romelic msjavrdebuls
SesaZlebelia daekisros 90 dRemde vadiT da es
vada ar Sedis sasjelis moxdis saerTo vadaSi,
56
anu is sasamarTlo ganaCeniT dadgenil
sasjels emateba.
sayofacxovrebo pirobebi
sayofacxovrebo pirobebis nawilSi uvado
TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTaAyofnis pirobebi
calke ganxiluli ar aris, amasTan saerTo
standartebiT gaTvaliswinebuli normebic ar
Seesabameba saerTaSoriso standartebs, kerZod,
muxli 33, nawili 4: `sacxovrebel sadgoms unda
hqondes fanjara, romelic uzrunvelyobs
bunebriv ganaTebas da ventilacias~, Tumca aq
ar aris miTiTebuli Tu ra moTxovnebs unda
akmayofilebdes es ganaTeba da ventilacia,
rogorc es ganxilulia minimalur wesebSi,
kerZod, wesi 11 - (a) fanjrebi unda iyos
sakmarisi zomis imisaTvis, rom patimrebs
SeeZloT kiTxva da muSaoba dRis sinaTleze da
unda iyos ise konstruirebuli, rom
uzrunvelyos sufTa haeris miwodeba imisda
miuxedavad, arsebobs Tu ara ventilaciis
xelovnuri sistema.
kontaqti gare samyarosTan
evropuli cixis wesebi gansazRvravs
msjavrdebulis sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis
Semdeg standartebs:
57
`24.4 paemnebis organizacia ise unda
ganxorcieldes, rom saSualeba mieceT
patimrebs SeinarCunon da ganaviTaron ojaxuri
urTierTobebi, SeZlebisdagvarad, normalur
garemoSi. 24.5 cixis administracia unda
daexmaros patimrebs gare samyarosTan
adekvaturi kontaqtis SenarCunebaSi da unda
uzrunvelyos isini Sesabamisi mxardaWeriT~.
rac Seexeba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobas,
uTiTebs, rom `uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil
msjavrdebuls ufleba aqvs wlis ganmavlobaSi
hqondes ara umetes oTxi paemnisa (cvlileba 28.
04. 2006)~.
aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom paemnis xangrZlivoba ar
unda aRematebodes 1 saaTs, paemnis Sesaxeb
Txovna paemanze mosulma pirma administracias
unda acnobos 5 dRiT adre. aRniSnuli
standartebi ara Tu xels uwyobs
msjavrdebulisa da ojaxis urTierTobas,
aramed piriqiT xels uwyobs am urTierTobebis
moSlas. aqve gasaTvaliswinebelia arsebuli
praqtika, rom msjavrdebulebi ojaxis wevrebs
xvdebian gadatixrul oTaxSi, sadac maT
pirdapiri kontaqtis SesaZlebloba ar aqvT.
aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom kanonmdeblobam
mkveTrad Seamcira im pirTa wre, romelsac
ufleba aqvs Sexvdes msjavrdebuls.
`patimrobis Sesaxeb~ kanonis 48-e muxlis
`Sexvedra ojaxis wevrebTan da axlo
58
naTesavebTan~ 1-li nawili gansazRvravs
Sexvedraze dasaSveb pirTa wres `meuRles,
mSobels, bebias, papas, Svils, mSvilebels,
Svilobils, das, Zmas, agreTve maT visTanac
cxovrobda da eweoda saerTo meurneobas
patimrobamde 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi~. aRniSnuli
punqti ewinaaRmdegeba minimaluri standartuli
wesebis wesi 37 moTxovnebs, romlis Tanaxmadac,
`aucilebeli zedamxedvelobis pirobebSi
patimrebs unda mieceT saSualeba, rom
mimowerisa da vizitebis saSualebiT
regularuli urTierToba iqonion ojaxebTan
da SeubRalavi reputaciis mqone megobrebTan~,
Tumca qarTuli kanonmdeblobiT, rogorc ukve
aRiniSna, absoluturad gamoricxulia
urTierToba megobrebTan da naTesavebTan,
romlebic ar Seadgenen ojaxis wevrTa wres.
samedicino momsaxureba
saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba gansazRvravs
msjavrdebulis samedicino momsaxurebis zogad
standartebs, Tumca masSi ar aris miTiTebuli
Tu ra kvalifikaciis eqimebis yofnaa
aucilebeli zogadad sasjelaRsrulebis
dawesebulebaSi da maT Soris dawesebulebebSi,
sadac imyofebian uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili
msjavrdebulebi, gansxvavebiT evropis
penitenciuri wesebis moTxovnisa, sadac
59
miTiTebulia, rom sasjelaRsrulebis
dawesebulebas aucileblad unda hyavdes
fsiqiatri, stomatologi da okulisti. es
CamoTvlili mimarTulebebi absoluturad
Seesatyviseba im moTxovnebs, romelic gaaCniaT
msjavrdebulebs praqtikulad da rac
dafiqsirda interviurebis dros.
dasaqmeba da ganaTleba
`patimrobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni ar
ganmartavs dasaSvebia Tu ara uvado
TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebisaTvis
uzrunvelyofili iyos ganaTlebis miReba da
dasaqmeba, miuxedavad sasjelis xangrZlivobisa
kanonmdebloba aseve ar ganmartavs
msjavrdebulebis sareabilitacio programebSi
CarTvis SesaZleblobas, rac mkveTrad
arTulebs aRniSnuli kategoriis
msjavrdebulebis mxridan sasjelis moxdis
procesisadmi adaptirebas da mis momzadebas
aseTi simkacris sasjelis mosaxdelad.
rekomendaciebi
zemoT warmodgenil informaciaze dayrdnobiT,
kvleviTi jgufis rekomendaciebi Semdegia:
1. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kodeqsSi naTlad unda iqnes
gansazRvruli im piris yvela instanciis
60
sasamarTlo procesze daswrebis ufleba,
romelsac SeiZleba miesajos uvado
Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, raTa am pirs mieces
saSualeba efeqturad daicvas Tavi22;
2. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi
(,,patimrobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni), ar
arsebobs calke Tavi, romelic gansazRvravs
uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebisTvis
sasjelis moxdis pirobebs: sasjelis moxdis
reJimi, sacxovrebeli farTi, sacxovrebeli
farTis mowyoba da sxva sacxovrebeli pirobebi,
saknis mdgomareoba da mowyobilobebi. Cven
gTavazobT am yvelafris kanonSi
gaTvaliswinebas da gansazRvras. es
mniSvnelovania, raTa uvado
TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebisaTvis Seiqmnas
efeqturi garemo sasjelis mosaxdelad23;
22 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 76; saerTaSoriso paqti samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb, muxli 14; saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, muxli 558; evropuli konvencia adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb, muxli 6(1). 23 Recommendation Rec(2003)23; §4; §21; Council of Europe, Committee of Ministers; cixis cxovreba unda iqnes mowyobili ise, rom igi SeZlebisdagvarad maqsimalurad miuaxlovdes sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis sinamdvileebs (normalizaciis principi); fizikuri, inteleqtualuri da emociuri stimulaciisaTvis Sesaferisi materialuri mdgomareobisa da SesaZleblobebis SeTavazeba; cixis Senobis, avejisa da dekoraciis sasiamovno da praqtikuli dizainis Seqmna.
61
3. mizanSewonili iqneba, Seicvalos
penitenciuri dawesebulebebis infrastruqtura,
sadac uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebi
arian ganTavsebuli da igi unda moewyos ise,
rom iyos Sesaferisi grZelvadiani sasjelis
mosaxdelad24;
4. Seiqmnas sistematuri da moqnili
meqanizmi uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil
patimarTa saqmeebis gansaxilvelad,
privilegiebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobisa da
reJimis Secvlis mizniT25;
5. gaumjobesdes #6 dawesebulebaSi uvado
TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa sacxovrebeli
saknebis ganaTeba da ventilacia (rogorc
bunebrivi, ise xelovnuri) ise, rom safrTxe ar
eqmnebodes msjavrdebulTa janmrTelobas26;
6. ganxilul iqnes uvado Tavisuflebis
aRkveTiT msjavrdebul pirTaTvis grZelvadiani
paemnebis uzrunvelyofis sakiTxi da moewyos
24 minimaluri standartuli wesebi patimarTa mopyrobis Sesaxeb, nawili 2, wesi 60(1) – ,,dawesebulebis reJimma unda Seamciros gansxvaveba cixeSi cxovrebasa da Tavisuflebaze cxovrebas Soris, romelic amcirebs patimrebis pasuxismgeblobas an maTi, rogorc adamianebis Rirsebis pativiscemas”. 25 Recommendation Rec(2003)23, Committee of Ministers, paragraph 11 ‐ ,,ganaCenis dagegmva unda daiwyos, rac SeiZleba adre, cixeSi Sesvlis Semdgom, ganxilul iqnes garkveuli intervalebiT da Seicvalos saWiroebisamebr~. 26 gaeros minimaluri standartuli wesebi ,,patimrebis mopyrobis” Sesaxeb, wesi 11 (a da b).
62
infrastruqtura aseTi tipis paemnebis
uzrunvelsayofad27;
7. uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebis
kvebis racionSi gaTvaliswinebul iqnes
dieturi kveba samedicino personalis mier
Catarebuli saWiroebebis kvlevis Sedegebis
gaTvaliswinebiT28;
8. prezidentisadmi Sewyalebis moTxovna
xelmisawvdomi gaxdes uvado
TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirisaTvis manam, sanam
igi moixdis sasjelis 25 wels, rogorc es
Sewyalebis Sesaxeb mimdinare brZanebulebiT
aris daregulirebuli29;
9. uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTaTvis
im minimaluri vadis (25 weli) Semcireba,
romlis Semdgomac SesaZlebelia pirobiT
vadaze adre gaTavisuflebis gavrceleba;
27 evropuli cixis wesebis 24.4 Tavi ambobs: paemnebi unda moewyos ise, rom patimars mieces saSualeba SeinarCunos da ganaviTaros saojaxo urTierTobebi, SeZlebisdagvarad, normalurad; Recommendation Rec(2003)23, Council of Europe, Committee of Ministers – werilebi, satelefono zarebi da paemnebi unda iqnes maqsimaluri xSiri, piradi da ganmartoebuli. 28 ,,samedicino praqtikantma an kvalificiurma meddam unda miuTiTos konkretuli patimris kvebis racionSi dieturi sakvebis samedicino TvalsazrisiT saWiroebis Sesaxeb~. 29 prezidentis brZanebuleba Sewyalebis gamoyenebis wesis Sesaxeb #277, 2004 wlis 19 ivlisi.
63
10. #6 sapyrobilis administraciis
mier zomebis miReba, raTa Seiqmnas uvado
TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebis ganacxadebisa
da saCivrebis miRebisa da gagzavnis
yoveldRiuri meqanizmi30;
11. Seswavlil iqnes #2 sapyrobileSi
uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTis mqone pirTa
ganTavsebis mdgomareoba da mopyrobis pirobebi;
12. penitenciuri sistemis
dawesebulebebSi dainergos uvado
TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa sareabilitacio
da saganmanaTleblo programebSi CarTvis
praqtika31;
13. moewyos dasaqmebis obieqtebi, sadac
uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirebs eqnebaT
30 gaeros minimaluri standartuli wesebi patimarTa
mopyrobis Sesaxeb, wesi 36(1) - ,,TiToeul patimars unda
hqondes SesaZlebloba, kviris nebismier dRes mimarTos
TxovniT an saCivriT dawesebulebis direqtors an
oficers, romelic uflebamosilia warmoadginos igi~.
31 evropuli cixis wesebi, wesi 106 – ganaTlebis sistematuri programa, unarebis gavarjiSebis CaTvliT, patimrebis zogadi ganaTlebis donis gaumjobesebis da aseve maT mier pasuxismgeblobiT da danaSaulisgan Tavisufali cxovrebis warmarTvis mizniT, unda iyos msjavrdebulTa reJimis sakvanZo nawili. yvela msjavrdebuli unda iqnes waxalisebuli, monawileoba miiRon saganmanaTleblo da mosamzadebel programebSi; patimarTaTvis gankuTvnili saganmanaTleblo programebi unda moergos maTi sapyrobileSi darCenis savaraudo periodis xangrZlivobas.
64
muSaobis SesaZlebloba anazRaurebadi
samuSaoTi32;
14. uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili
pirebis saseirno ezoebi moewyos ise, rom maT
hqondeT varjiSisa da fizikur aqtivobebSi
monawileobis SesaZlebloba33;
15. gaumjobesdes samedicino
momsaxurebis done, samedicino samsaxurebis
medikamentebiT momarageba da Sesabamisi
aparaturiT aRWurva. aseve, ganxilul iqnes
uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa samkurnalo
dawesebulebaSi gadayvanis moqnili meqanizmis
Seqmna da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi piradi eqimis
an msjavrdebulis an misi ojaxis mier
mowveuli eqim-specialistis mowvevis sakiTxi34;
32 Recommendation Rec(2003)23; §10; Council of Europe, Committee of Ministers; - monawileoba samuSao, saganmanaTleblo, mosamzadebel da sxva RonisZiebebSi, romlebic hqmnian sapyrobileSi drois mizanmimarTulad gamoyenebis saSualebas da zrdian gaTavisuflebis Semdeg cxovrebis warmatebulad gagrZelebis Sansebs. 33 evropuli cixis wesebi - ,,varjiSi da dasveneba~, 27 (3-4) - ,,saTanadod organizebuli RonisZiebebi, romelic xels uwyobs sijansaRes da uzrunvelyofs fizikur varjiSsa da dasvenebas, unda warmoadgendes reJimis ganuyofel nawils~; ,,sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebis xelmZRvaneloba xels unda uwyobdes msgavs RonisZiebebs Sesabamisi aRWurvilobisa Tu bazis uzrunvelyofis meSveobiT~. 34 gaeros minimaluri standartuli wesebi ,,patimrebis mopyrobis” Sesaxeb – wesi 22 (2-3).
65
16. grZelvadian da uvado
TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirebTan momuSave
personalma unda gaiaros specialuri
momzadeba, romelic saWiroa maTi movaleobebis
xarisxianad Sesasruleblad, radgan maT uwevT
garkveul sirTuleebTan SeWideba35.
angariSi moamzada:
maia (zoia) xasiam
35 Recommendation Rec(2003)23; §37.a.; Council of Europe, Committee of Ministers.