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fluidika, mikro, nano
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MIKRO-NANO FLUIDIKA
1
Handout 1 2012/2013
1. UVOD U MIKRO-NANO FLUIDIKU
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(Knudsen) :
Knh
(1.2)
:
1
2m= c
(1.3)
, ,
r , mc
c :
8mc c
(1.4)
p v= c c .
(Reynolds) (Mach)
uhRe
(1.5)
uM
c (1.6)
12
u .
(1.1)-(1.6) ,
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2
MKn
Re
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Kn , M Re .
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( Kn >0.001)
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20 exp
2 2i i
m mf c u
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m , T , k
, ic , iu
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,
, .
Kn .
, 0Kn .
,
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- (Chapman-Enskog)
( 1Kn ).
:
20 1 2 ...f f Kn f Kn f (1.9)
0f
.
.
14
, a 0f
, 0ij ,
(Euler) .
0 1f f Kn f
-
(Navier-Stokes) .
(Burnett)
( 2.1).
, ,
:
dm nf c
(1.10)
di iu c f c
(1.11)
3 1d
2 2i ikT mc c f c
(1.12)
ij i i j j ijc u c u p (1.13)
n , 1 2 3d d d dc c c c
( 1 2 3, ,c c c ),
p RT , ij
( 1;iji j 0iji j ).
-
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15
0.001 0.1Kn . 0.1 1Kn ,
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:
w
ww
2 3
4
v
v
u Tu u
n T s
(1.14)
u , wu ,
, v , n
, s
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16
.
, . .
,
(Smoluchowski) 1898.
, :
ww
2 2
1
T
T
TT T
Pr n
(1.15)
T , wT , T
,
p vc c pPr c k (Prandtl) , k
.
v
.
:
in ref
v
in w
K K
K K
(1.16)
inK refK
, wK
. . w 0u 0wK .
( in refK K ), 0v
( ).
,
.
1v
, . 0refK .
17
:
in ref
T
in w
e e
e e
(1.17)
in , ref
w
.
0.1Kn
.
,
.
,
:
(Deissler, 1964):
2 2 22
w 2 2 2w w w w
2 92
16
v
v
u u u uu u
y y x z
(1.18)
- (Karniadakis Beskok, 2002):
2 2w 2
w w
2
2!
v
v
u uu u
y y
(1.19)
(Hsia Domoto, 1983):
2 2w 2
w w
2
2
v
v
u uu u
y y
(1.20)
18
(Lockerby ., 2004):
www
2 2
2
w
2 3
4
22
v
v
v
v
u v Tu u
y x T x
T
x y T x y
2 2 22
2 2
w
1345 61 45 49 12
16
u v uPr
x yx y
(1.21)
22
w 1 2 2w w
A Au u
u uy y
(1.22)
1 2 .
1.1
.
1 2
1879 1 0
1947 1 5 12
1964 1 9 8
- 1983 1 0.5
- 2002 1 -0.5
2004 1 0.15-0.19
1.1 1 2