Valeriano Jo Ren 2M

8/12/2019 Valeriano Jo Ren 2M

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An assembly language is a low-level programming

language for a computer, or other programmable

device, in which there is a very strong (generallyone-to-one) correspondence between the languageand the architecture's machine code instructions.

Assembly language is converted into executablemachine code by a utility program referred to as anassembler; the conversion process is referred to asassembly, or assembling the code.

Assembly Language

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assemb

ly_language#Current_usage
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_language


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Assembler- An assembler creates object code bytranslating assembly instruction mnemonics into

opcodes, and by resolving symbolic names formemory locations and other entities. The use ofsymbolic references is a key feature of assemblers,saving tedious calculations and manual address

updates after program modifications. Mostassemblers also include macro facilities forperforming textual substitution

Key concepts




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A mnemonic or mnemonic device, is any learningtechnique that aids information retention.

Mnemonics aim to translate information into a formthat the human brain can retain better than itsoriginal form.

Mnemonic

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemo

nic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonic


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An opcode (operation code) is the portion of amachine language instruction that specifies the

operation to be performed.

Opcode

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opcode
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opcodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opcode


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One-pass assemblers go through the source code

once. Any symbol used before it is defined will

require "errata" at the end of the object code (or, atleast, no earlier than the point where the symbol isdefined) telling the linker or the loader to "go back"and overwrite a placeholder which had been leftwhere the as yet undefined symbol was used.

Multi-pass assemblers create a table with allsymbols and their values in the first passes, then usethe table in later passes to generate code.

Two Types Of

Assembler




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Assembly Language is used when speed and reliability are the

overriding factor like small footprint real-time operatingsystems.

By using assembly language, programmers can maximize onspeed to a level. It is easy to write than machine code programs.

It allows the programmer access to registers or instructions thatare not usually provided by a High-level language.

The main Application of Assembly Language is for direct

hardware manipulation i.e. device drivers. Assembly language also directly correlates which machine

instructions; the only way to get closer to the machine is towrite in binary or hex code.

Application of Assembly

Language

http://www.studymode.com/essays/Applicati

on-Of-Assembly-Language-1685433.html
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Data Execution Prevention(DEP) is a security feature

included in modern operating systems: it is preventing

the content of a region of memory identified as containingdata other than executable instructions to be executed asinstructions by a program, service, device driver, etc.

DEP runs in two modes: hardware-enforced DEP forCPUs that can mark memory pages as nonexecutable, andsoftware-enforced DEP with limited protection for CPUsthat do not have hardware support.

Data Execution

Prevention

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Ex

ecution_Prevention
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Execution_Preventionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Execution_Preventionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Execution_Preventionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Execution_Prevention


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MASM32 is the Microsoft Macro Assembler. It is anassembler. It takes your code pre-processes it and

converts it to binary. The links it to runnableexecutable or an OBJect file.

Processors 32bit and em64t processors (80386 andup) support the 8086 compatibility mode called "real

mode". Which means that all PCs to this day arebackward compatible with say MS-DOS and all thegames that used to run on IBM XT.

MASM32

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-

which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-code
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-codehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/4733059/what-is-masm-which-we-generally-use-it-for-learning-assembly-language-code


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Resuming with the Point no. 5 of previous postBeginning With MASM After typing a simple

program for addition the screen will look like:

Programming usingMASM32

http://imabhishekgarg.wordpress.com/category/assembly-language-masm-

programming/
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Now Let us Save the file (File-> Save ) and exit (File->Exit or Alt+F+x) well get back to the cmd screen :


programming/



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Now well follow the final 3 instructions given in step no. 8 in previous post to

compile and run the program (circled by green color). Keep pressing enterwhen program asks for object file name or run file name during compilationand linking.


programming/



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After entering Debug addition.exe the cursor starts

blinking in front of a hyphen . Now well see the

step by step result by pressing t and enteralternatively.

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/category/assembly-language-masm-programming/


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