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Vibrio
Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry
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Vibrio cholerae
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The cause of cholera
General Hazardous disease
Ranked by the international quarantine disease
Diagnosis requires immediate notification THL and
WHO
Even one incident is classified as an epidemic
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Vibrio cholerae
Gramnegative
One of the flagella of the cell from the
Threaded rod
Ferments glucose, sucrose and mannitol
A positive lysine and ornithine decarboxylase tests
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The clinical picture
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Infective dose
1001000 bacteria
Risk groups: malnourished and sick
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Virulence factors
Cholera toxin (similar to the ETEC bacterium, the LT toxin)
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lysogenic bacteriophage CTX
It encodes a VPI (Vibrio pathogenicity island), which is
the necessary genes for TCP, as well as the return pilus
Cholera toxin
other weaker virulence factors
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Occurrence
man
animals
foods
surroundings
Most in the Far East and Central America
Asymptomatic carriers
dogs, cows oirettomia chickens carriers
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rivers and bays
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Factors that could lead to the infection
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Epidemics
Appears extent that, in several countries and continents pervasive
long lasting epidemics and pandemics
Pandemics described in the 1800s
6 was the first classical O1 serotype
7 pandemic began in India in 1961 (El Tor biotype)
1991 and spread to South America
8 pandemic is O139 Benegal biotype and started in 1992
India and spread faster than O1
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Vibrio cholerae
Is divided on the basis of the Oantigen of more than 200 serogroup
Only O1 and O139 serotypes causing epidemics and
panepidemioita
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Vibrio cholerae which do not agglutinate O1 and O139
antiserum classified as nonO1, and nonO139 Vibrio
cholerae (nonagglutinable Vibrio cholerae or Vibrio non)
Vibrio cholerae nonpathogens can be, but are not
cause epidemics, but infections and sepsis
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Vibrio cholerae detection
Vibrio cholerae is maintained in the faeces, if it is damp,
The suspect fecal sample is transported in CaryBlair
Transport broth
A toast by the TCBS platform (Thiosulphate citrate bile salts
sucrose)
Ink 612 h + TCBS medium uusintamaljaus
Ink 1824 h to Vibrio cholerae colonies were visible
the soft yellow of looks, the center of which is elevated
oksidaasipositiiviset tested O1 and O139 sera
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Vibrio cholerae rapid test
feces under a microscope
added O1 and O139 antiserum
if it is found circulating microbial stopping it should be
suspect Vibrio cholerae positive samples
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Vibrio cholerae subtypes
O1 is divided into two biotype
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The classic and El Tor
Separation by testing hemolysis, hemagglutination,
phage typing, polymyxin B sensitivity, and Voges
Proscauer reaction.
The newest way to PCR or other biotyyppispesifisiä genes
identified (TCPA and rtxC)
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Vibrio cholerae in the same serotype, and biotype
can be separated by phage typing
O1 has 145 phage type
O139 only 5
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Other separation methods
the enzyme by electrophoresis
ribotyyppauksella
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Vibrio spp
Vibrio cholerae
V. parahaemolyticus
Vibrio vulnificus
V. fluvialis
V. mimicus
V. alginolyticus
V. hollisae
A. Furniss
More than 20 species are known
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V. parahaemolyticus
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V. vulnificus
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