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Q1) Explain the importance, objectives and procedure of plant location with its factors andexample?

Q2) Define layouts and it different types with diagram? Also formulate cement and hospitallayout?

Q3)

Activity Predecessor NT(DAYS) CT(DAYS) NC(RS) CC(RS)

A - 4 3 60 90

B - 6 4 150 250

C - 2 1 38 60

D A 5 3 150 250

E C 2 2 100 100

F A 7 5 115 175

G D,B,E 4 2 100 240

Indirect costs vary as follows:-

Days: - 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6

Cost Rs: - 600 500 400 250 175 100 75 50 35 25Determine the project duration which will return in min total project cost.

Q4) The sequence of manufacture for a product is given below:-

(a)W hat is the most efficient number of workstations to produce this product at the rate of40 units per day.How many workers are required?

3

2

1

5

8

6 7

4

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(b)W hat is the most efficient and best balanced operation assingement for 10 workers.What isthe rate of production?

What is the total direct labour cost per unit (a) & (b)? Assume the labour hour rate for directlabour as Rs 40 per hour .What is the idle time cost? Assume 8 hours work per day.

Q1)Write a short note on different types of import and export documentation , Inco terms?

Q2)write a process of import export procedure by diagram?

Q3) What is the pre- shipment and post shipment in export finance?

Q4) Explain Quality control process and procedure in import export context.

Q1) Write a short note on International business law and its nature and importance andapplication in legal context ?

Q2) Write a short note settlement of dispute settlement machinery/

Q3) Explain contract act in international business scenario?

Q4) Explain WTO,GATT principals with short note?

Haier India Limited a subsidiary of Haier Group entered the India market in 2004. The companysince then has been struggling to gather momentum in the India Consumer Electronics market.The Indian consumer electronics market is estimated to be $5 billion and is growing. Haier grouphas failed to leverage this growth. Even though the Company is among the top ten globalelectronics companies but Its innovation is yet not appreciated in India.

Haiersstrategyhas been that of a start up firm. It never tried to cash in on its MNC appeal. As a

result the spending on Brand Building and Marketing have been minimal.

The Company has been trying to build up its Distribution Network So as to reach tier 1,2 and 3

cities.

As a new entrant to the Indian market, It has practiced PenetrationPricing. Hence, its focus has

been on price wars with competition. As a result a Push strategy has been prevalent in SupplyChain Process. Haier has been following Economy Pricing Strategy with minimum marketing

expense.

The company has been emphasizing on Logistics and Supply Chain to tackle Bull Whip Effect.

SAP enabled Data Warehousing for Efficient Business Analytics and Interpretation.

Diversification of the distribution Network to support the entire Product Portfolio.

Focus on HiEnd Products as they are Profit yielding. Setting up of HECs to specifically cater to

HI-END product.

http://www.marketing91.com/strategy/http://www.marketing91.com/strategy/http://www.marketing91.com/strategy/http://www.marketing91.com/pricing/http://www.marketing91.com/pricing/http://www.marketing91.com/pricing/http://www.marketing91.com/pricing/http://www.marketing91.com/strategy/

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Strengths

High end products are well accepted.

Good market share in western India

Strong presence in home appliances segment

Big distributors are stocking many of Haiers product

Weakness

Very weak distribution network in central India

Weak service agent network

Weak logistics as a result accumulation of trade stocks and aging stocks

Sales seasonality in specific segment hindering growth.

Opportunities

North-east a potential market is still largely untapped

Mobiles and cellular phone market offers new growth opportunities.

SPIN(Situation, Problem, Implication, Need) selling strategy for HECs

Consumer electronics segment is booming and set to grow at 14% CAGR, Haiers product

offerings catering to this segment are limited

Small appliance market set to grow.

Tie up with big retailers will help in growth

High disposable income and higher number of Nuclear Families in the society.

Threats

Medical Freezers are not selling.

Product portfolio is weak. Overall weak distribution network compared to competitors.

Only selected products are selling from the entire Product Portfolio.

JAN, 2013

S.No.Course

NameDay & Date

Reporting

Time

Exam

Time

Subject

CodeSubject Name

Exam.

Hrs.

1

MBA I-

Sem (Main

& Back)

Tuesday, January 15,

201310.00 a.m.

10.30 a.m.

to 1.30 pmM-101

Principles and

Practices of

Management

3

2MBA I-

Sem (Main

Thursday, January

17, 201310.00 a.m.

10.30 a.m.

to 1.30 pmM-102

Organizational

Behavior3

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& Back)

3

MBA I-

Sem (Main

& Back)

Monday, January 21,

2013 10.00 a.m.

10.30 a.m.

to 1.30 pm M-103

Quantitative

Techniques for

Management

3

4

MBA I-

Sem (Main

& Back)

Wednesday, January

23, 201310.00 a.m.

10.30 a.m.

to 1.30 pmM-104 Managerial Economics 3

5

MBA I-

Sem (Main

& Back)

Monday, January 28,

201310.00 a.m.

10.30 a.m.

to 1.30 pmM-105

Management

Accounting-I3

6

MBA I-

Sem (Main

& Back)

Friday, February 01,

201310.00 a.m.

10.30 a.m.

to 1.30 pmM-106

Marketing

Management3

7

MBA I-

Sem (Main

& Back)

Tuesday, February

05, 201310.00 a.m.

10.30 a.m.

to 1.30 pmM-107 Business Environment 3

8

MBA I-

Sem (Main

& Back)

Friday, February 08,

201310.00 a.m.

10.30 a.m.

to 1.30 pmM-108

Computer Applications

in Management3

A survey on videocon(Size: 534.5 KB / Downloads: 140)

HISTORY OF VIDEOCON:Venugopal N Dhoot

Shri Nandlal Madhavlal Dhoot, the Founder of the VIDEOCON Group, completed his educationin Ahmednagar and Pune. He was a successful sugarcane and cotton cultivator. As a next logicalstep to vertical integration, he boldly took upon an entrepreneurial venture by importingmachinery from Europe to set up the Hanaper Sakhar Karkhana (Sugar Mill) in 1955. Thosewere the times when the village did not even have electricity. Thus was unleashed an IndustrialRevolution.The die was cast. Over the years, Nandlalji's path-breaking attitude found expression in a myriad

http://seminarprojects.com/attachment.php?aid=3079http://seminarprojects.com/attachment.php?aid=3079http://seminarprojects.com/attachment.php?aid=3079

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ways, earning him the well-deserved reputation of the pioneer of industrial activity inMarathwada India.In early 80's Nandlalji initiated his three sons - Venugopal, Rajkumar and Pradeep into business.Through a technical tie up with Toshiba Corporation of Japan, he launched India's first world-class color Television: Videocon. Today, Videocon is household name across the nation- India's

No. 1 brand of Consumer Electronics & Home Appliances, trusted by over 50 million people toimprove their quality of life.ChairmanVideocon is an Indian multinational with interests in Consumer Electronics, Home Appliances,Colour Picture Tube Glass, and Oil & Gas. Videocon was founded in 1987 by NandlalMadhavlal Dhoot. At that time it used to manufacture TV and Washing Machine. In 1989-90,Videocon started manufacturing Home Entertainment Systems, Electric Motors & AC. Videoconentered Refrigerators and coolers segment in 1991. In 1995, Videocon started manufacturingGlass shells for CRT and in 1996 it ventured into Kitchen appliances and crude oil segment. In

1998, Videocon started manufacturing Compressors & Compressor Motors. In the year 2000,Videocon took over Philips Color Television Plant. In 2005, Videocon took over 3 plants ofElectrolux India and acquired Thomson CPT. today; it has evolved into a giant conglomeratewith annual revenues of over U$4.1 billion.BUSINESS INTEREST OF VIDEOCON:Consumer Electronics & Home Appliances:Videocon enjoys leadership position in consumer products like Colour Televisions, WashingMachines, Air Conditioners, Refrigerators, Microwave ovens and numerous other homeappliances. Videocon's refrigerator manufacturing enjoys synergy with its inhouse compressormanufacturing technology in Bangalore.

Display industry and its components:After the acquisition of Thomson in 2005, Videocon has emerged as one of the largest ColourPicture tube manufacturers in the world. It has plants in Mexico, Italy, Poland and China andmanufactures a range of high-tech products such as slim CPT, extra slim CPT and HighDefinition 16:9 format CPT.Colour Picture Tube Glass:Videocon is one of the largest CPT Glass manufacturers in the world. It has plants in Poland andIndia. Videocon's CPT Glass manufacturing complements ite color picture tube manufacturingbusiness.Oil and Gas:Videocon Group has interests in oil & gas exploration, prospecting and intends to get into gasdistribution. It produces 7% of all oil in the private sector in India. Videocon's Ravva oil fieldhas one of the lowest operating costs in the world and it produces 50,000 barrels of oil per day.Videocon is also actively looking for exploration and production opportunities in countries likeOman, Australia and the Timor Sea near Indonesia.MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS OF VIDEOCON INDUSTRIES LTD:

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The largest panel production facility in the world under one roof providing very higheconomies of scale One of the world's largest and most respected CRT glass manufacturers Firing the largest furnace of its kind in the world with a tank size of 3300 sq ft One of the few companies in the world to convert sand to TV

One of the largest and most acknowledged CPT manufacturer in the world Manufactured India's first rust-free Washing MachineOUR NETWORKS:MILESTONES OF VIDEOCON:1987 Color & B/W TVWashing Machines1989-1990 Home Entertainment SystemsElectric MotorsAC

1991 RefrigeratorsCoolers1995 Glass Shells for CRT1996 Kitchen AppliancesCrude Oil1998 CompressorsCompressor Motors2000 Philips Color TV Plant Takeover2005 Electrolux India 3 Plants TakeoverThompson CPT acquisition

2008 Sansui & Akai TakeoverTIE-UPS WITH GLOBAL LEADERS:Partner Product Nature Of Tie-UpSamsung Electronics Fly BackTransformers, Tuners Technical SupportMatsushita Electric Washing Machine Technical * CollaborationMatsushita Electric Air Conditioner Design & DrawingMatsushita Electric Refrigerator Design & DrawingSansui Electric Co. Ltd Audio Productsand Colour TV ODM for Indian MarketTechneglas Glass Shell Technical CollaborationAkai Audio Productsand Colour TV ODM for Indian MarketHyundai Colour TV ODM for Indian MarketElectrolux AB Sweden Refrigerator,Air Conditioner and

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Washing Machine 1.ODM & Indian Market2.Sourcing of components for Global Market3.ODM for Global market

VIDEOCONS PRODUCTS

VISION, MISSION & OBJECTIVE:Our Vision:1. To become the No.1 Service Provider in India.2. To build a brand around substance.3. To communicate simple truths that customers understand.4. To become a leader in our chosen field and become a globally recognized, prestigiouscompany through synergistic business investment, differentiation through innovation, passionthrough empowerment, cost through economies of scale and world class systems.Our Mission:

5. To ensure Total Customer Delight by offering prompt and quality services6. Contribute to product quality improvements7. Train service force continuously on field requirements8. To build the image of customer service and to ensure bench marking of all functional areaswith the best in the tradeOur Objectives:1. To restructure the service network in terms of automation, infrastructure and manpower tomeet the best of service requirements and to minimize service response time as per markettrends.2. To establish the service organization as a value addition to the brand and to provide total

customer convenience and satisfaction at par with or better than the best in the trade.Our Primary ObjectivesFUTURE PLANS:To strengthen and maintain & its leadership status, the Videocon group has clearly charted out itscourse for the future. Aggressive development is in full swing at the R & D Centres to bring outstate-of-the-art technologies including True Flat, Slim, Extra Slim, Plasma & LCDs, at theearliest.Cost rationalization processes - are in various stages - including rationalizing factories in Europe,increasing automation and improvement of efficiency in China, accessing flass shells from Indiafor international CPT facilities and a lot more- are in various stages of implementation.Internationally all existing client relationships are being strengthened. The cost competitivenessand increase in capacity in Mexico and Polland has opened up big opportunities in the OEMbusiness.Last but not the least, in the domestic market consolidation with multiple brands paves the wayfor an unassailable lead in the market.In the Oil & Gas business, having all the basic operator capabilities of a prospecting entity, the

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group is looking to add more explorations and production depth as also oil bearing assets. Thegroup will also get into gas distribution in India significantly.Research methodologyResearch signifies careful investigation or inquires specially through search for new facts inbranch of knowledge. So in general research is the process searching again until reach at the

solution of a problem. Research conducted for getting root of a problem through the applicationof scientific procedures.Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. In other way itmay be the science of conducting research in scientifically methods. Research methodology notonly indicates the research methods but also it signifies the logic behind it the methods. We usein context of our research study & explain why we are using the particular method or technique& why not others. So that research result can evaluate by the researcher himself.METHODS OF DATA COLLECTIONThere is several ways of collecting data. But two methods are used in this project.

1. Primary data2. Secondary dataPrimary DataPrimary data is otherwise known as first hand data/direct data. Primary data collection is directlycollected data from the field. Primary data can be collected through various ways such as:1. By observation2. Through personal interview3. Telephonic method4. QuestionnairesAmong all these method, true & exact data can be get through the questionnaires & personal

interview.Secondary dataSecondary data is otherwise known as second hand data which is already available.In my project I got the primary data from market survey with the use of questionnaires method.Also I got some secondary data from various dealer points by personal interview methodArea of surveyThe survey was conducted in Bhubaneswar market.Objective & scope of studyObjectives1. To know the market share and heart share of Videocon T.V. in Bhubaneswar market.2. To know the satisfaction level of existing customer of T.V.3. To know the factors that attracts the customer to purchase the Videocon T.V.4. To find out the potential customer of Videocon as well as Videocon T.V. in Bhubaneswarmarket.Scopes1. Geographical scope of the study is only main part of Bhubaneswar market.

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2. Also this study will help to know the T.V. of various brands.3. Also it will help to know the brand awareness level of existing & non-existing customer ofVideocon T.V. and their preference.4. The main scope of this study is to indicate the market share of Videocon T.V. in Bhubaneswarmarket.

5. This study will show the lacunae of company as compared to competitors, so that adequatestrategies can be implemented & to indicates its market share & maintain its brand existence inmarket.Questionnaire & Analysis(An Analysis for the sample size of 100)Q.1 WHICH BRAND OF T.V. DO YOU HAVEa) VIDEOCONb) SAMSUNGc) L.G.

d) OTHERSResponse: (Name of the Brand & No. of respondent)a) VIDEOCON : 23b) SAMSUNG : 35c) L.G. : 15d) OTHERS : 27Analysis:From the survey it has been found that Videocon has market share of 17%. SAMSUNG has beenfound to be the market leader in television sector.Q.2 HOW LONG YOU ARE USING THIS WASHING MACHINE

a) SINCE 1 YR.b) SINCE 2 YR.c) SINCE 5 YR.d) SINCE 10 YR.e) SINCE MORE THAN 10 YR.Response: (Name of the Brand & No. of respondent)a) Since 1 yr. : 12b) Since 2 yr. : 18c) Since 5 yr. : 20d) Since 10 yr. : 22e) Since more than 10 yr. : 28Analysis:

From the survey it has been found that day by day the selling of Videocon washing machine. hasbeen decreased. Now it has been reached to its decline stage. It needs so many changes so as tobe get rid of decline stage.

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Q.3 FROM WHERE YOU CAME TO KNOW ABOUT THE PRODUCTa) TV ADVERTISEMENTb) NEWS PAPERc) FRIENDSd) OUTDOOR ADVERTISEMENT

e) INTERNETResponse: (source of knowledge of the Brand & No. of respondent)a) TV ADVERTISEMENT : 43b) NEWS PAPER : 16c) FRIENDS : 20d) OUTDOOR ADVERTISEMENT : 14e) INTERNET : 7Analysis:The survey says washing machine is the best media to reach to people. From T.V. advertisement

most of people are getting knowledge about the product. Hence company should give moreemphasis of T.V. advertisement so that it can raise its market share by reaching to the peoplesmind and heart.Q.4 WHICH ATTRIBUTE OF THE PRODUCT DID ATTRACT YOU TOWARDS THEPRODUCT BEFORE PURCHASEa) PRODUCT FEATURESb) PRICEc) BRANDd) DEALER NETWORKe) REFERENCE

Response: (Attributes that attract the product & No. of respondent)a) PRODUCT FEATURES : 25b) PRICE : 28c) BRAND : 25d) DEALER NETWORK : 8e) REFERENCE : 14Analysis:It has been found that peoples are getting attracted towards Videocons washing machine

before purchase due to product features and price. Brand name has also a greater impact in thepeoples mind. Dealer network is not so worthy for people to choice Videocon washing

machine Also people are buying this product with any reference like assurance from friend orneighbour etc.Q.5 WHILE PURCHASING THE PRODUCT WHICH ATTRIBUTES YOU DID COMPAREWITH OTHERS PRODUCTa) PRODUCT FEATURESb) PRICE

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c) AFTER SALE SERVICEd) AVAILABILITY OF THE PRODUCTe) GOODWILLResponse: (Attribute that a person compare with others brand &No. of respondent)

a) PRODUCT FEATURES : 41b) PRICE : 36c) AFTER SALE SERVICE : 9d) AVAILABILITY OF THE PRODUCT : 12e) GOODWILL : 2Analysis:From the survey it has been found that while a person is buying a Videocon washing machinehe/she is comparing the products features with other brand and then he/she is coming to theprice part. This says people are more cautious about the product features and price rather than

goodwill of company or availability of the product. Also some people are comparing most aftersale service of the product.Q.6 WHICH FEATURES OF THE PRODUCT YOU LIKE MOSTAnalysis:From the survey, various features are coming into account which has been appreciated by thepeople. For example some people are saying its picture quality is excellent, some are in favor ofsound quality, some like its convenience of the product and some are in satisfied with price

and many more.FROM QUESTION NO.7-9 (GIVE A TICK MARK)Answering options-

A- HIGHLY SATISFIEDB- SATISFIEDC- MODERATELY SATISFIEDD- DISSATISFIEDQ.7 ARE YOU SATISFIED WITH THE PRODUCT

A) B) C) D)Response: (major of satisfaction & No. of respondent)A- HIGHLY SATISFIED : 23B- SATISFIED : 39C- MODERATELY SATISFIED : 21D- DISSATISFIED : 17Analysis:Survey says about 39% of people using Videocon washing machine. are satisfied with theproduct. Also there are some people who are dissatisfied with the product up to some extent. Butoverall survey regarding satisfaction says people are comfortable with the product.

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Q.8 ARE YOU SATISFIED WITH CONVENIENCE OF USE OF THE PRODUCTA) B) C) D)Response: (major of convenience with use & No. of respondent)A- HIGHLY SATISFIED : 36B- SATISFIED : 28

C- MODERATELY SATISFIED : 20D- DISSATISFIED : 16Analysis:Most of the people are highly satisfied with the use of product. They feel more convenient withthe use of product comparing to other brand. Also some people about 16% are dissatisfied onconvenience with use of product.Q.9 ARE YOU SATISFIED WITH THE OVERALL PERFORMANCEA) B) C) D)Response: (major of per & No. of respondent)

A- HIGHLY SATISFIED : 30B- SATISFIED : 37C- MODERATELY SATISFIED : 20D- DISSATISFIED : 13Analysis:The survey says people are mostly satisfied with the performance of the Videocon washingmachine. Also about 30% of the people are highly satisfied with the product. There are also somepeople who are dissatisfied with the productFROM QUESTION NO.10-15 (GIVE A TICK MARK)Answering options

A- YESB- NOC- CANT SAYQ.10 DOES THIS PRODUCT GIVES VALUE FOR MONEYA) B) C)Response: (View & No. of respondent)A- YES : 62B- NO : 28C- CANT SAY : 10Analysis:According to survey about 62% of Videocon washing machine. users are enjoying the value forthe money from the product while about 28% people says No. That means most of the people aregetting equal return on expense for buying the product .Q.11 THIS PRODUCT IS BETTER THAN OTHERSA) B) C)Response: (View & No. of respondent)

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A- YES : 52B- NO : 41C- CANT SAY : 7Analysis:With the comparison of the Videocon washing machine. with other brands most of the people

using Videocon washing machine are saying that this product is better than the other brands.Also about 41% of the people are saying that this product is not better than other brand.

Q.12 DOES THIS PRODUCT REQUIRES FREQUENT MAINTENANCEA) B) C)Response: (View & No. of respondent)A- YES : 27B- NO : 61C- CANT SAY : 12

Analysis:According to the survey, Videocon washing machine requires more maintenance as compare toother brands. About 27% of users says yes while 61% of users say no that this product requirefrequent maintenance. This means there is certain problem with the product as it is requiringfrequent maintenance.Q.13 WILL YOU PREFER TO BUY ANOTHER PRODUCT OF THIS BRANDA) B) C)Response: (View & No. of respondent)A- YES : 35B- NO : 51

C- CANT SAY : 14Analysis:According to the survey about 51% of Videocon washing machine users are not interested withthe other consumer durable electronics product of the similar brand. There may be some reasonfor this response like more maintenance etc. there are also 35% of users who are interested to useanother product of same brand.Q.14 IS THE PERFORMANCE OF PRODUCT MATCHING AS PROMISED BY THECOMPANYA) B) C)Response: (View & No. of respondent)A- YES : 53B- NO : 39C- CANT SAY : 8Analysis:According to the survey, about 53% of users of this product are saying Yes that the products

performance is matching as promised by the company. This says company is reliable about

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features. Still there are 39% of the users are saying No about the performance matching.Q.15 DO YOU REFER THIS PRODUCT TO OTHERSA) B) C)Response: (View & No. of respondent)A- YES : 44

B- NO : 40C- CANT SAY : 16Analysis:From the survey it has been found that about 44% of the Videocon washing machine users arereferring other people to buy the same product of product of same brand while about 40% of theuser not referring to others. They are denying others to buy the product of same brand. Also 16%of the users are not giving any comment towards this matter.

FROM QUESTION NO.16-18 (GIVE A TICK MARK)

Answering option-A- EXELLENTB- VERY GOODC- GOODD- FAIRE- BADQ.16 HOW IS THE AFTER SALE SERVICEA) B) C) D) E)Response: (After sale service type & No. of respondent)A- EXELLENT : 2

B- VERY GOOD : 10C- GOOD : 37D- FAIR : 28E- BAD : 23Analysis:According to the survey, about 37% of the respondents are saying good about the after saleservice of the company. Only 2% of the respondents are saying excellent for after sale service.Also 23% of the people are not satisfy with the after sale service.Q.17 HOW IS THE DISTRIBUTION CHANNELA) B) C) D) E)Response: (Distribution channel type & No. of respondent)A- EXELLENT : 6B- VERY GOOD : 24C- GOOD : 23D- FAIR : 28E- BAD : 19

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Analysis:From survey most of the people (28%) are saying fair about the distribution channel of thecompany. There are also some people (19%) are not satisfied with the distribution channel of thecompany.Q18. HOW THE PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITY IS

A) B) C) D) E)Response: (Promotional activity type & No. of respondent)A- EXELLENT : 16B- VERY GOOD : 28C- GOOD : 32D- FAIR : 20E- BAD : 4Analysis:About 28% of the respondents are saying good about the promotional activity of the company

where there are very few people that is about 4% of the respondents are not satisfied with thepromotional activity of the company. Around 16% of the respondents are feeling excellent aboutthe promotional activity.Q19. WHAT CHANGES YOU WOULD LIKE TO BE IN THE PRODUCTAnalysis:From the analysis there are varieties of the views have been came into account regarding thechanges in the product such as price, more picture quality, better sound system, more attractiveadvertisement, improvement in after sale service, more spread of the distribution channel etc.Q.20 THE BEST WAY FOR INFLUENCING CUSTOMER TO USE PURCHASE THECOMPANYS PRODUCT WILL BE

a) SEND POST PURCHASE THANKS LETTERb) TO OFFER GUARANTEEc) DISPLAY ITS PRODUCT SUPERIORITY ADVERTISEMENTSd) REASSURE CUSTOMER WITH BETTER COMPETITIONe) CREATE A WIDE RANGE A TARGET MARKETResponse: (Way of influencing customer & No. of respondent)a) A : 21b) B : 32c) C : 23d) D : 14e) E : 10Analysis:From the survey it has been found that most of the respondents (32%) are in favor of gettingguarantee where as few of the respondents are saying that company should increase its targetmarket. About 21% of the people are interested for post purchase thanks letter from letter.LITERATURE Study

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Customer Satisfaction:Satisfaction is the customers feelings of pleasure or disappointment resulting from theproduct or services after comparing between perceived performances to its expectations.Performance and, where the buyer satisfied after purchase depends upon offer performances inrelation to buyer exception. If the performance falls below the expectations then the buyer

unhappy or dissatisfied, and when the performance match with the expectation then customerfeel became delight or highly satisfied with the product. This satisfaction leads to emotionalbond with brand and become brand persistence those are much less ready to switch over toanother brand of product. This brings the result in highly customer loyalty. In case ofdissatisfaction with a product, then it is easy to switch over to another product, when a betteroffer comes.Consumer Behavior:The aim of marketing is to meet and satisfying the target customers needs and want.

Customers Behavior is the study of the processes involved when individuals or groups select

purchase, use or dispose of product service ideas or experiences to satisfy needs or desires.Needs or desires are not specific. It ranges from hunger and thirst to love, status or even spiritualfulfillment. Consumers are actors on the market palace stage. They take lead role in the market.Whole market or business transaction is based on the consumer before this whole marketsituations change presently, it is the Buyers market. The selling and buying process confined

on the consumer. Marketers given importance on the taste and performance of consumers.

They try to fulfill the needs and satisfy them by delivering goods and providing better services.Consumer behavior is the ongoing process, it has never ends. It reflects the interaction betweenthe consumer and producer at the time of purchase. It is continuous process that not only remainsat the time of transaction or buying or selling period before this and after that also. The attitude

towards the products before buying is known as pre-purchase behavior and response found fromconsumer after using the product is known as post-purchase behavior of customers. In otherwords we can define it as the process of decision making of activities that the customer doses atthe time of evaluating, acquiring or using goods and services.Buying Roles:Consumer team refers to any one who involved in the activities of evaluating, acquiring, using ordisposing of the goods and services. We can distinguish five role people might play in the buyingdecision. They are as follows:Initiator: A person who first suggest buying the product or services.Influencer: A person whose view or advice influence the buying decisionsDecider: A person who decide buying decision like where to buy, how to buy, what to buy etc.Buyer: The persons who actually purchase the products, he may be use or not.User: The persons who really consumes or uses the products or services.Buying Behavior:Consumer decision making process varies with the type of buying decisions. Complex andexpensive purchases are likely to involve more buyer deliberation and more participative.

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Complex buying behavior is one of them. It is a three steps process: The buyer developed belief about the products. He or she made attitude about the products. Make a thoughtful choice.Consumer engages in the complex buying behavior when they are involved in a purchase and

aware of significant different among the brands. This case place usually when products is highlyexpensive and infrequently, risky.The marketer of high involvement product must understand consumers information andevaluation behavior. The marketer should develop such strategies so that it will help theconsumers about the products and its brands features and relatives importance. The marketerneeds to differentiate the brands features by using print media to brands benefits and motivatessale personnel to influence customer for final brand choice.Buying Decision Process:The consumer passes through five different stages of a typical buying process.

Problem recognition: The buying process starts when the buyer recognizes a problem orneed. The can be felt by internal and external stimuli. Information Search: Before purchasing any products when he/she recognize need he/she gofor information about the goods. The main sources are personal sources, commercial sources,commercial sources, public sources and experimental sources. Evaluation of alternatives. Purchase decision. Post purchase Behavior: After purchasing the product the consumer will experience somelevel of satisfaction or dissatisfaction. It can be classified into post purchase satisfaction postpurchase action post purchase use and disposal.

Information and Buying Role:Before consumers buy anything he/she requires information about the products. Consumers findout what product and brands available in the market. Their features and benefits selling price,dealer place where the product is available etc. Information regarding products competitors

price and features. Without taking decision regarding new purchase is difficult.Major factors influencing buying behaviors:Buying behavior of consumer is influence by cultural, social, personal and psychological factors.Cultural factors exert the deepest influence.Cultural Factors:Social and group forces determine the way we think, belief and add great extent, individualsbuying decisions are also affected by the Special Forces thats surrounds him/her. Here culture

most direct impact on the buying behavior.Culture:Culture is the most fundamental of a persons wants and behavior. His/her perceptionpreference and behavior changes through his/her family and other key institution. He/she wantsprogress material comfort individualism freedom external comfort ness and youth ness.

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Sub-culture:Each sub-culture consist f smaller sub-culture that provides more specific identification andsocialization for each member. Sub-culture includes nationalities, religion, racial groups andgeographical regions many sub-cultures make up important market segment and marketer oftendesign of product and marketing program tailored to their needs.

Social Class:These are relatively homogeneous and enduring divisions in society which is hierarchicallyordered and whose members share similar values, interest behavior.Social Factors:It is also play important role in Buyers behavior. It includes references group, family and

social role and status.Reference Group:It consists of all the groups that have a direct and indirect influence on the persons attitudeand behavior. The groups having a direct influence on a person are called membership group. It

may influence either the purchase of products or selects of a particular brand or both of themalso.Family:Family member is the most influencing primary reference groups its influence buyersbehavior. Family has direct impact on the purchase behavior of individuals.Social Role and Status:A person position is defined by his role and status. A role consists of the activities that a personis expected to perform and also carries a status. People chose product that communicate role andstatus in the society.Personal Factors:

A buyers decision also influenced by personal character like buyers age and stage in life cycle, occupation, economic circumstances lifestyle and personality and self concept.Age and stage in life cycle:People change the goods and services they buy over a life time period. Taste in clothes andfurniture and recreation also age related. Consumption is shaped by family life cycle. Marketersoften define their target markets in terms of life cycle stage and develop appropriate product andmarketing plans for each stage.Occupation and economic circumstances:Occupation is also influences persons consumption pattern. Marketers always try to identifythe occupational group that has average interest in their product and services. Product choice isalso affected by economic circumstances spend able income, savings and assets, debts,borrowing power, attitude to wads spending versus savings. If economic indicators point to arecession marketers can take a step to redesign, reposition, reprise their products so they continueto offer value to target customer.Life Style:A life style is the person pattern of living the world as expressed in activities, interest and

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opinion. Marketers search relationship between their products and life style groups marketerstarget the brand more clearly are the achiever life style.Personality and self concept:Personality is distinguishing psychological characteristics. Personality is individuals pattern oftraders that influence behavior responses related to personality is persons self concept. Marketers

tries to develop brand images that match the target markets self images i.e. self conceptPsychological factors:A persons buying choices are further influenced by four major psychological factors. These

are motivation, perception, and learning and belief attitude. These are playing vital role in buyingbehavior of the consumer.Motivation:A motive is the need that is sufficiently pressing to drive the person to act. Needs arises frompsychology states of tension such as hunger, thirst, discomfort. They arise from psychology stateof tension such as the need for recognition, esteem or belong. So motivation is one of the major

factors which push the persons towards going for a product.Perception:It is the process by which an individual selects, organizes and interprets information to form ameaningful picture of the world. A motivated person is ready to act. The persons act isinfluenced according to the perception of the situation. Perception depends on the physical andenvironmental stimuli and the condition within the individuals. People tend to perceive objects interms of their exceptions. So here decision regarding purchase is effective by perceptionsLearning:It is a continuous process, its changes individuals behavior arise from experience. A person fromthe interplay of drives stimuli, cues responses and reinforcement, consumer learn to

discriminator between very similar uses of stimuli.Attitude and beliefs:Through learning people acquire attitude and beliefs. These influence buying behavior. Anattitude is emotional feeling about an objects or idea. While beliefs is descriptive thought aboutsomething. So company hires well known celebrity to endorse their product.Impulse buying behavior:Purchasing with a little or no advance playing is called impulse buying. It is from involvementdecision making.From the above fact it is clear that a persons purchase choice is the outcomes of culturalfactors, social factors, personal factors and psychological factors. Besides this other factors alsotake important role in buying decision like marketer influence by developing Marketing mixsuch as product, price, place and promotion to attract strong consumer response.Types of Buying Decision Behavior:Buying behavior differs greatly for a tube of toothpaste, a tennis racket, financial services and anew car. More complex decisions usually involve more buying participants and more buyerdeliberation.

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Complex Buying Behavior:Consumers undertake complex buying behavior when they are highly involved in a purchase andperceive significant differences among brands. Consumers may be highly involved when theproduct is expensive, risky, purchased infrequently, and highly self-expressive. Typically theconsumer has much to learn about the product category.

Dissonance-Reducing Buying Behavior:Dissonance-reducing buying behavior occurs when consumers are highly involved with anexpensive, infrequently or risky purchases but see little difference among brands.After the purchase, consumers might experience post purchase dissonance when they noticecertain disadvantages of the purchased carpet brand or hear favorable things about brands notpurchased. To counter such dissonance, the marketers after-sale communications shouldprovide evidence and support to help consumers feel good about their brand choices.Habitual Buying Behavior:Habitual Buying Behavior occurs under conditions of low consumer involvement and little

significant brand difference.In such cases, consumer behavior does not pass through that usual belief attitude behaviorsequence. Consumers do not search extensively for information about the brands, evaluate brandcharacteristics and make weighty decisions about which brands to buy. Instead, they passivelyreceive information as they watch television or read magazines. Ad repetition creates brandfamiliarity rather than brand conviction.Variety Seeking Buying Behavior:Consumer undertakes variety seeking buying behavior in situations characterized by lowconsumer involvement but significant perceived brand differences. In such cases, consumersoften do a lot of brand switching.

The Buyer Decision Process:Now that we have looked at the influences that affect buyers, we are ready to look at howconsumers make buying decisions. The buyer decision process consists of five stages: needrecognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post purchasebehavior. Clearly, the buying process starts long before actual purchase and continues long after.Marketers need to focus on the entire buying process rather that on just the purchase decisionNeed RecognitionInformation SearchEvaluation of AlternativesPurchase DecisionPost Purchase DecisionBibliographyAuthor name book namePhilips Kotler Marketing ManagementV.S. Ramaswamy & S. Namakumari Marketing Management--Planning & implementation

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WEbliography

Reference:http://seminarprojects.com/Thread-a-survey-on-videocon#ixzz2GPvzVm8z

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