Voice onset time (VOT)

http://dict.youdao.com/search?le=eng&q=bk%3AVOT&keyfrom=dict.indexVoice onset time (VOT)

Voiced stop: 1. Voicing throughout the closure, the release, and the vowel.Voiceless stop - unaspirated stop: 2. No voicing vibrations during the closure. 3. The voicing starts very shortly after the closure.Voiceless stop - aspirated stop: 4. The vocal folds are apart during the stop closure and the glottis is still open at the moment of the release of the stop closure. 5. Languages vary in the VOT they use for aspirated stops. The greater the opening of the vocal folds during a stop, the longer the amount of the following aspiration.12344Negative VOT : about 130 msVOT : less than 20 msVOT : about 50 ms5VOT : about 150 ms2

Voiced stop: 0VOTVOT Unaspirated stop:()VOT Aspirated stop:VOTVOTVOTVOT

VOTNegative VOT : about 130 msVOT : less than 20 msVOT : about 50 msVOT : about 150 ms3

Most aspirated (positive VOT)

Most voiced (negative VOT)NavajoVOTNavajo

Most aspirated (positive VOT)

Most voiced (negative VOT)/p/VOT50-60ms /b/VOT10ms /s+p/pb stop consonants(b, d, g & p, t, k)

/b, d, g/voiced stop consonants Ex: boy [bCN] ()/p, t, k/voiceless stop consonants(aspirated) Ex: pie [pN] ()hold Ex: map [mWp] ()s[ptk][ptk][ptk] /s/ + /p, t, k/(unaspirated) Ex: spy [spaN] (hold)

/p//b/

Most aspirated (positive VOT)

Most voiced (negative VOT)The voiced stops in French are nearly always fully voiced. The length of the voicing varies, depending on the length of the closure, which is why we added an arrow alongside French /b/.Voiceless stops in these languages are unaspirated, making French /p/ similar to English initial /b/.

Most aspirated (positive VOT)

Most voiced (negative VOT)

Contrast stops with three different voice onset times in Thai

Voiceless aspiratedpa

taVoiceless unaspiratedpa

taVoicedba

da

There is voicing during the stop closure of [d], but not during the stops in the second and third lines.

The second line has a voiceless unaspirated [ t] with a VOT of about 20 ms.

The third line has an aspirated [ t], with a VOT of almost 100 ms.

In the fourth line, the [d]has voicing during the closure followed by a wave form that has some of the appearance of voicing wavy line but also has noise superimposed on it. This is breathy voicing.

10Learn to produce a series of sounds with different voice onset times. Start by producing fully voiced stops [b, d, g].See how long you can make the voicing continue during each of these sounds. You will find that you can make it last longer during [b] than during [d] or [g], because in [b], there is a fairly large space above the glottis. Air from the lungs can flow through the glottis for a longer period of time before the pressure above the glottis begins to approach that of the air in the lungs. The vocal folds can be kept vibrating throughout this period. But in [g], there is only a small space above the glottis into which air can flow, so the voicing can be maintained only briefly. Languages often fail to have fully voiced velar stops. When you can produce fully voiced stops satisfactorily, try saying voiceless unaspirated [p, t, k]. You may find it easiest to start with words like them, but without the initial [s].You will have less difficulty making aspirated stops, because they occur in most forms of English in words such as pie [pN]and tie [tN].