VOWELS NATURAL SPEECH 모음편 - book.mint05.combook.mint05.com/PDF_Textbooks/NaturalSpeech/NaturalSpeechStep1_Vowels.… · natural speech 3 VOWELS Initial Test READ OUT ALOUD 문장읽기

MOBY JANG

NATURAL SPEECH

모음편LET’S MAKE YOU SOUND LIKE ONE OF US

VOWELS

완벽한원어민영어말소리습득과정

STEP 1

NaturalSpeech

AcquisitionCourse

T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S

II. FRONT VOWELS 전설모음

III. CENTER VOWELS I중설모음 파트 1

NATURAL SPEECHL E A R N A N A L Y Z E R E P E A T R E A D P R A C T I C E M A S T E R

I. INITIAL TEST초기평가

Initial Test 03

VIII. ANSWER KEYS 모범답안65 Answer Keys

05 Lesson 01 Long E Sound /i/

08 Lesson 02 Short I Sound /ɪ/

11 Lesson 03 Comparison /i/ vs /ɪ/

13 Lesson 04 Long A Sound /eɪ/

16 Lesson 05 Short E Sound /ɛ/

19 Lesson 06 Comparison /ɪ/ vs /ɛ/

21 Lesson 07 Short A Sound /æ /

24 Lesson 08 Comparison /ɛ/ vs /æ/

/ɑ/ Short O Sound Lesson 09 26/æ/ vs /ɑ/ Comparison Lesson 10 29

IV. BACK VOWELS 후설모음31 Lesson 11 Long OO Sound /u/

34 Lesson 12 Short OO Sound /ʊ/

37 Lesson 13 Comparison /u/ vs /ʊ/

39 Lesson 14 AW Sound /ɔ/

42 Lesson 15 Long O Sound /oʊ/

46 Lesson 16 Comparison /oʊ/ vs /ɔ/

III. CENTER VOWELS II중설모음 파트 2

/ə/ Schwa Lesson 17 48/ʌ/ Wedge Lesson 18 51

VI. DIPHTHONGS 2중모음54 Lesson 19 Long I Sound /aɪ/

57 Lesson 20 OU/OW Sound /aʊ/

60 Lesson 21 OI Sound /ɔɪ/

VII. FINAL TEST최종평가

Final Test 63

natural speech 3

VOWELS Initial Test

READ OUT ALOUD 문장읽기

1. My niece believes that a grieving thief named Charlie took a piece of her jewelry.

2. At the gym, a typical gypsy told me a myth about a crystal crypt full of mysteries and

symbols.

3. Eight neighbors conveyed a message that they may use the survey data to label the safe

zones in the neighborhood.

4. Meg begged Ned to set ten wet nets on the deck.

5. A mad man wearing a hat came to the lab and took a nap.

6. Bob is confident that he makes the best pasta in the main plaza.

7. A group of youths routinely visit our dance troupe to ask for soup coupons.

8. The bully took all my sugar cookies and ran to the brook.

9. A man wearing a gold coat proposed a toast.

10. Paul will haul all the faulty stalls from the vault.

11. The American woman complained about her banana again.

12. The tough bug dug up a light bulb under the sun.

13. Why did Mike Tyson cry when the guy didn't like to fight?

14. My spouse found a flower sprouting from the ground.

15. A joyful newsboy destroyed a bellboy's ovoid turquoise.

• 다음 문장들을 녹음하신 후 평가게시판에 업로드 하세요.

A. 다음 단어들을 들리는 순서대로 빈칸에 1-14까지 기입하세요.

i ɪ eɪ ɛ æ

heed hid hayed head had

ɑ u ʊ oʊ ɔ

hod who'd hood hoed hawed

ʌ aɪ aʊ ɔɪ

hud hide how'd hoyed

Vowel_00.mp3LISTENING PRACTICE 듣기평가

natural speech 4

VOWELS Initial Test

B. 문장에서 두 단어 중 원어민이 말한 단어에 체크를 하세요.

C. 두 단어 중 원어민이 말한 단어에 체크를 하세요.

1. □ beat □ bit 7. □ black □ block

2. □ heal □ hill 8. □ spat □ spot

3. □ fill □ fell 9. □ fool □ full

4. □ middle □ medal 10. □ who'd □ hood

5. □ bend □ band 11. □ coal □ call

6. □ men □ man 12. □ low □ law

1. Luckily, we won the (□ bead/□ bid).

2. My mom's cooking tastes (□ bitter/□ better).

3. Did Paul tell you that we made a (□ bet/□ bat)?

4. It's been in my (□ packet/□ pocket) all day.

5. Anna said James (□ cooed/□ could).

6. I put the (□ bowl/□ ball) on the table.

natural speech 5

Lesson 01 Long E Sound i

OVERVIEW

Height HIGH Lip Rounding UNROUNDED

Advancement FRONT Tenseness TENSE

SPELLING PATTERNS

SPELLING PATTERNS EXAMPLES

1 ee tree, cheese

2 ea leaf, reason

3 ie piece, field

4 e me, she

5 e+C+e complete, these

6 ~y city, busy

7 ei/ey receive, key

8 i machine, unique

WORD PRACTICE

tree cheese see seed fee

/tri/ /tʃiz/ /si/ /sid/ /fi/

feed beef feet need meet

/fid/ /bif/ /fit/ /nid/ /mit/

개요

스펠링 패턴

단어연습

ee

Vowel_01

natural speech 6

each eagle seat tea leave

/itʃ/ /igl/ /sit/ /ti/ /liv/

jeans please team beach reason

/dʒinz/ /pliz/ /tim/ /bitʃ/ /ˈrizn/

ea

piece field achieve brief niece

/pis/ /fild/ /əˈtʃiv/ /brif/ /nis/

diesel believe thief grief chief

/ˈdizl/ /bɪˈliv/ /θif/ /ɡrif/ /tʃif/

ie

me we she he equal

/mi/ /wi/ /ʃi/ /hi/ /ˈikwəl/

genius secret emu evil ego

/ˈdʒinyəs/ /ˈsikrət/ /ˈimyu/ /ˈivl/ /ˈiɡoʊ/

e

complete these Chinese Japanese Peter

/kəmˈplit/ /ðis/ /ˌtʃaɪˈniz/ /ˌdʒæpəˈniz/ /ˈpitər/

delete theme meme even Sweden

/dɪˈlit/ /θim/ /mim/ /ˈivən/ /ˈswidn/

e+C+e

city busy lady sloppy happy

/ˈsɪti/ /ˈbɪzi/ /ˈleɪdi/ /ˈslɑpi/ /ˈhæ pi/

charity memory agency quality reality

/ˈtʃærəti/ /ˈmɛməri/ /ˈeɪdʒənsi/ /ˈkwɑləti/ /riˈæləti/

~ y

ceiling protein either receipt caffeine

/ˈsilɪŋ/ /ˈproʊtin/ /ˈiðər/ /rɪˈsit/ /ˈkæ fin/

honey key valley alley monkey

/ˈhʌni/ /ki/ /ˈvæ li/ /ˈæ li/ /ˈmʌŋki/

ei / ey


*단어의 후미

*e조합의 경우 82% 빈도로 /ɛ/로 발음

natural speech 7

police machine prestige suite ski

/pəˈlis/ /məˈʃin/ /prɛˈstiʒ/ /swit/ /ski/

magazine vaccine chic unique marine

/ˌmæɡəˈzin/ /vækˈsin/ /ʃik/ /yuˈnik/ /məˈrin/

i


people Caesar amoeba phoenix mosquito

/ˈpipl/ /ˌsizər/ /əˈmibə/ /ˈfinɪks/ /məˈskitoʊ/

예외

*프랑스 유래어

SENTENCE PRACTICE 문장연습

1. We see three feeble bees fleeing toward the tree.

2. An eager eagle may eat wheat for a meal for unrevealed reasons.


4. She must be really evil to secretly break his ego.

5. Peter feels completely depleted of energy whenever he deletes all these memes from his

computer.

6. Cindy is such a happy lady enjoying a quality city life but she can get moody when funny

Billy eats her curry.

7. I had my morning caffeine and protein with honey before I got deceived by the conceited

monkey.

8. A chic, prestigious police officer met a Marine officer at a safari full of mosquitos.

ACTUAL PRACTICE 입영작 연습

1. we, need

2. eat, honey

3. meet, people

4. Pete, happy

5. please, seal

6. genius, feel

7. unique, deal

8. seek, Japanese

9. Chinese, police

10. leave, money

HOMEWORK 녹음 과제물

1. 음소 : [i] 각 세 번씩 반복

2. 문장 : My niece believes that a grieving thief named Charlie took a piece of her jewelry.

natural speech 8

Lesson 02 Short I Sound ɪ

OVERVIEW

Height MID-HIGH Lip Rounding UNROUNDED

Advancement FRONT Tenseness LAX

SPELLING PATTERNS


1 i sit, will

2 y gym, rhythm

3 ~ed / ~es needed, kisses

4 ~age advantage, baggage

5 e/i (접두사) decide, inspect

6 ui build, guilt

WORD PRACTICE

bit sit mit bin Tim

/bɪt/ /sɪt/ /mɪt/ /bɪn/ /tɪm/

fill will film list ship

/fɪl/ /wɪl/ /fɪlm/ /lɪst/ /ʃɪp/

개요

스펠링 패턴

단어연습

i

Vowel_02

natural speech 9

rhythm symbol cyst syrup myth

/ˈrɪðəm/ /ˈsɪmbl/ /sɪst/ /ˈsɪrəp/ /mɪθ/

synonym symphony mystery Olympics physical

/ˈsɪnənɪm/ /ˈsɪmfəni/ /ˈmɪstəri/ /əˈlɪmpɪks/ /ˈfɪzɪkl/

y

needed wanted accepted adjusted folded

/ˈnidɪd/ /ˈwɔntɪd/ /əkˈsɛptɪd/ /əˈdʒʌstɪd/ /foʊldɪd/

misses teaches quizzes bushes montages

/ˈmɪsɪz/ /ˈtitʃɪz/ /ˈkwɪzɪz/ /bʊʃɪz/ /ˌmɑnˈtɑʒɪz/

~ed/~es

advantage package average courage storage

/ədˈvæntɪdʒ/ /ˈpæ kɪdʒ/ /ˈæ vrɪdʒ/ /ˈkərɪdʒ/ /ˈstɔrɪdʒ/

usage savage village leverage bandage

/ˈyusɪdʒ/ /ˈsæ vɪdʒ/ /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/ /ˈlɛvrɪdʒ/ /ˈbæ ndɪdʒ/

~age

express decide prepare return bewitch

/ɪkˈsprɛs/ /dɪˈsaɪd/ /prɪˈpɛr/ /rɪˈtərn/ /bɪˈwɪtʃ/

enlighten interact exclude disrespect because

/ɪnˈlaɪtn/ /ˌɪntərˈækt/ /ɪkˈsklud/ /ˌdɪsrɪ̍spɛkt/ /bɪˈkʌz/

e/i 접두사

pretty English been busy women

/ˈprɪti/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /bɪn/ /ˈbɪzi/ /ˈwɪmən/

counterfeit sieve handkerchief

/ˈkaʊntərfɪt/ /sɪv/ /ˈhæŋkərtʃɪf/

예외

ɪ

*Note : 단어가 d/t로 끝나며 과거형이 ~ed가 붙을 때 /ɪd/로 발음단어가 /s/,/z/,/ʃ/,/ʒ/,/tʃ/,/dʒ/로 끝나며 ~es가 붙을 때 /ɪz/로 발음

*강세가 없는 접두사의 경우로 한정

Lesson 02 Short I Sound

build builder building biscuit circuit

/bɪld/ /ˈbɪldər/ /ˈbɪldɪŋ/ /ˈbɪskɪt/ /ˈsərkɪt/

guild guilt guilty guitar guinea pig

/ɡɪld/ /ɡɪlt/ /ɡɪlti/ /ɡɪˈtɑr/ /ˈɡɪni pɪɡ/

ui

natural speech 10

ɪ


1. Bill's physical condition will have an influence during the Olympics.

2. It was such a disaster when Tim spilled his drink in the ship.

3. The officer rapidly fingered the guitar strings while Jill quickly took videos and pictures of

the building.

4. Responsibility and the willingness to learn are important for interns.

5. When pitiful Mr. Miller interviewed six candidates, he expressed his desire to hire

intelligent and diligent individuals.


symbols.

7. We decided to prepare eleven examples of disrespectful expressions.

8. The pretty English women have been very busy lately.


1. wanted, sit

2. will, example

3. misses, dishes

4. Tim, village

5. decided, build

6. pretty, quilt

7. tin, business

8. live, ship

9. list, film

10. fill, bin


1. 음소 : [i], [ɪ] 각 세 번씩 반복

2. 문장 : At the gym, a typical gypsy told me a myth about a crystal crypt full of mysteries

and symbols.

Lesson 02 Short I Sound

natural speech 11

Lesson 03 Comparison i vs ɪ

OVERVIEW 개요 Vowel_03

Height HIGH vs MID-HIGH

Tenseness TENSE vs LAX

i ɪ

i ɪ

LISTENING PRACTICE 듣기평가

A. 다음 단어들을 충분히 말하기 연습한 이후 원어민이 발음한 단어에 체크하세요.

Vowel_01.mp3

1. □ beat □ bit 11. □ heal □ hill

2. □ bead □ bid 12. □ jean □ gin

3. □ bean □ bin 13. □ keen □ kin

4. □ cheap □ chip 14. □ lead □ lid

5. □ deed □ did 15. □ least □ list

6. □ eat □ it 16. □ peach □ pitch

7. □ eel □ ill 17. □ peek □ pick

8. □ feel □ fill 18. □ Pete □ pit

9. □ feet □ fit 19. □ scene □ sin

10. □ green □ grin 20. □ seek □ sick

natural speech 12

Lesson 03 Comparison i vs ɪ

COMPARISON PRACTICE 비교연습

B. 다음 문장들을 충분히 말하기 연습한 이후 원어민이 발음한 단어에 체크하세요.


2. I heard that you (□ beat/□ bit) Steve.

3. You've got some wonderful (□ feast/□ fist)!

4. Tessa and Ethan are (□ leaving/□ living) happily.

5. It's (□ field/□ filled) with water.

6. The detective said that he's looking for some (□ leads/□ lids).

7. Abe took those (□ beans/□ bins) to his house.

8. I want to buy you a (□ meal/□ mill).

9. We definitely need (□ Jean/□ gin) to complete the project.

10. Sandra has a perfect (□ peach/□ pitch).

1. Tim's team was licked by the leaking roof.

2. Pip and Pete shipped the sheep ships cheaply.

3. Those bins are for Bill Beal's beans.

4. Does Jim still steal Jill's jeans?

5. Will Wheeler's team get many hits in this heat?

6. The girls snickered at Jill and Jean's sneakers.

7. Leaving the living sinners at the scene, Will Wheeler grieved.

8. Pick cherries at their peak or Pete will see the pits.

9. Beach bins are filled with field filler.

10. He's giving his healing pills to all the sinners on the scene.

• 다음 문장 속에서 /i/와 /ɪ/ 모음이 나오는 경우를 올바르게 기입한 후, 반복 연습하세요.


1. 음소 : [i], [ɪ] 각 세 번씩 반복

2. 문장 : Pip and Pete shipped the sheep ships cheaply.

natural speech 13

Lesson 04 Long A Sound eɪ

OVERVIEW

Height MID ➞ HIGH Lip Rounding UNROUNDED

Advancement FRONT Tenseness TENSE

SPELLING PATTERNS


1 a+C+e name, made

2 ai waist, rain

3 ay day, crayon

4 ei/ey eight, survey

5 a+C+V lady, alien

6 e/et 등 cafe, fillet

WORD PRACTICE

late make waste chase game

/leɪt/ /meɪk/ /weɪst/ /tʃeɪs/ /ɡeɪm/

gaze face range decorate* evaluate*

/ɡeɪz/ /feɪs/ /reɪndʒ/ /ˈdɛkəˌreɪt/ /ɪˈvælyuˌeɪt/

개요

스펠링 패턴

단어연습

a+C+e

Vowel_04

*Note : ~ate 단어들의 경우 명사, 형용사인 경우 /ɪt/ 로, 동사인 경우 /eɪt/ 로 발음 (강세영향)예) estimate /ˈestɪmɪt/ vs /ˈestɪˌmeɪt/동명

natural speech 14

waist rain aim praise fail

/weɪst/ /reɪn/ /eɪm/ /preɪz/ /feɪl/

straight main daisy paid faith

/streɪt/ /meɪn/ /ˈdeɪzi/ /peɪd/ /feɪθ/

ai

day may crayon play away

/deɪ/ /meɪ/ /ˈkreɪɑn/ /pleɪ/ /əˈweɪ/

spray always say tray bay

/spreɪ/ /ˈɔlweɪz/ /seɪ/ /treɪ/ /beɪ/

ay

eight veil beige neighbor freight

/eɪt/ /veɪl/ /beɪʒ/ /ˈneɪbər/ /freɪt/

convey obey prey survey they

/kənˈveɪ/ /oʊˈbeɪ/ /preɪ/ /ˈsərveɪ/ /ðeɪ/

ei/ey

lady April alien angel data

/ˈleɪdi/ /ˈeɪprəl/ /ˈeɪliən/ /ˈeɪndʒl/ /ˈdeɪtə/

Satan label oasis radio potato

/ˈseɪtn/ /ˈleɪbl/ /oʊˈeɪsəs/ /ˈreɪdiˌoʊ/ /pəˈteɪtoʊ/

a+C+V

gauge bass steak break great

/ɡeɪdʒ/ /beɪs/ /steɪk/ /breɪk/ /ɡreɪt/

beta chaos

/ˈbeɪtə/ /ˈkeɪɑs/

예외

프랑스 유래어


café sauté ballet début fiancée

/kæˈfeɪ/ /sɔˈteɪ/ /bæˈleɪ/ /deɪˈbyu/ /ˌfiɑnˈseɪ/

résumé lingerie Chevrolet beret bouquet

/ˈrɛzəˌmeɪ/ /ˌlɑnʒəˈreɪ/ /ˌʃɛvrəˈleɪ/ /bəˈreɪ/ /buˈkeɪ/

e/et 등

natural speech 15


1. The lazy maid made her way to the oasis to chase the frail aliens away.



3. If the lady is late, bring the pail of potatoes to the plane.

4. James ate eight cases of chocolates while decorating his radio.

5. The ballet dancer sautéed tomatoes in her café while her fiancé was making his résumé

wearing a beret.

6. The chaotic bass guitarist is famous for cooking great steaks.

7. Daisy is a brainy snail,

8. She drives a train and brings the mail,

9. She can sail a ship and follow a trail,

10. Yes, Daisy is a brainy snail.


1. make, face

2. bake, cake

3. bouquet, daisy

4. break, crayon

5. résumé, fail

6. play, day

7. lady, April

8. they, name

9. alien, game

10. rain, face


1. 음소 : [i], [ɪ], [eɪ] 각 세 번씩 반복

2. 문장 : Eight neighbors conveyed a message that they may use the survey data to label the

safe zones in the neighborhood.


natural speech 16

Lesson 05 Short E Sound ɛ

OVERVIEW

Height MID-LOW Lip Rounding UNROUNDED


SPELLING PATTERNS


1 e Ben, met

2 ea head, stead

WORD PRACTICE

bed set went ten well

/bɛd/ /sɛt/ /wɛnt/ /tɛn/ /wɛl/

desk Ben red sell edge

/dɛsk/ /bɛn/ /rɛd/ /sɛl/ /ɛdʒ/

get yell den send men

/ɡɛt/ /yɛl/ /dɛn/ /sɛnd/ /mɛn/

개요

스펠링 패턴

단어연습

e

Vowel_05

natural speech 17

breath dead head health bread

/brɛθ/ /dɛd/ /hɛd/ /hɛlθ/ /brɛd/

sweater ready meant feather spread

/ˈswɛtər/ /ˈrɛdi/ /mɛnt/ /ˈfɛðər/ /sprɛd/

leather heavy pleasure treasure zealous

/ˈlɛðər/ /ˈhɛvi/ /ˈplɛʒər/ /ˈtrɛʒər/ /ˈzɛləs/

ea

Lesson 05 Short E Sound ɛ*ea조합은 70%의 빈도로 /i/로 발음, ea조합이 /ɛ/로 발음되는 경우는 단 4% 밖에 안 됨.

any many again against said

/ˈɛni/ /ˈmɛni/ /əˈɡɛn/ /əˈɡɛnst/ /sɛd/

says heifer friend jeopardy leopard

/sɛz/ /ˈhɛfər/ /frɛnd/ /ˈdʒɛpərdi/ /ˈlɛpərd/

guess guest bury

/ɡɛs/ /ɡɛst/ /ˈbɛri/

예외


1. Eddy will get ten of Meg's hens to sell eggs for a living.

2. Ben set his bells on the edge of his desk.

3. Send us ten men to rescue our pets from the lion's den.

4. My pet is getting very heavy from eating too much bread.

5. A well-educated vet said that it would be best for my pet's health to get a rest.

6. Beth kept feeling jealous when Ted said that her friend's red leather jacket looked sexy.

7. Try to guess where I buried the leopard sofa.



1. many, friends

2. Ted, bed

3. bench, wrecked

4. sweater, heavy

5. health, vet

6. Ben, yelled

7. went, men

8. guess, present

9. leopard, den

10. nest, bury

natural speech 18


1. 음소 : [i], [ɪ], [eɪ], [ɛ] 각 세 번씩 반복

2. 문장 : Meg begged Ned to set ten wet nets on the deck.

Lesson 05 Short E Sound ɛ

natural speech 19

Lesson 06 Comparison ɪ vs ɛ


Height MID-HIGH vs MID-LOW

ɛ

ɛ



Vowel_02.mp3

1. □ bid □ bed 11. □ gym □ gem

2. □ bill □ bell 12. □ wrist □ rest

3. □ bitter □ better 13. □ hill □ hell

4. □ chick □ check 14. □ immigrant □ emigrant

5. □ Dick □ deck 15. □ itch □ etch

6. □ spill □ spell 16. □ lid □ lead

7. □ disc □ desk 17. □ lit □ let

8. □ fill □ fell 18. □ middle □ medal

9. □ trick □ trek 19. □ mitt □ met

10. □ gist □ jest 20. □ pin □ pen

ɪ

ɪ

natural speech 20



1. Are you wearing my (□ knitted/□ netted) shirt?

2. Simon bought a new (□ disc/□ desk).

3. I don't remember where I put the (□ bill/□ bell).


5. Sandy owns two (□ gyms/□ gems).

6. It was added to the (□ middle/□ medal).

7. Can you (□ fill/□ fell) the tree?

8. I think it's (□ windy/□ Wendy) outside.

9. That was such a wonderful (□ trick/□ trek).

1. The sick seller will sing the song with Benny.

2. Willy will bend twenty tin bins with his legs.

3. The men who sent Tim presents will be presented to his friends.

4. The net export rate in India is increasing rapidly.

5. Where did Pete put his pens and pins?

6. When I met Jim, he was betting his money on his guest.

7. The government filled the pit with dead pigs when the illness spread.

8. Until Bella returned, we held on to her precious gem.

9. When Phil fell, he picked up a nickel and put it in his pocket.

10. Since your sins make no sense, I will send you to one of the six cells for the sinned.

• 다음 문장 속에서 /ɪ/ 와 /ɛ/ 모음이 나오는 경우를 올바르게 기입한 후, 반복 연습하세요.


1. 음소 : [i], [ɪ], [eɪ], [ɛ] 각 세 번씩 반복

2. 문장 : Willy will bend twenty tin bins with his legs.

Lesson 06 Comparison ɪ vs ɛ

natural speech 21

Lesson 07 Short A Sound æ

OVERVIEW

Height LOW Lip Rounding UNROUNDED


SPELLING PATTERNS


1 C+a+C ban, Sam

2 a+C act, add

개요

스펠링 패턴

Vowel_07

WORD PRACTICE

bad black crab drag fan

/bæ d/ /blæ k/ /kræ b/ /dræ ɡ/ /fæ n/

jazz land man nag prank

/dʒæ z/ /læ nd/ /mæ n/ /næ ɡ/ /præ ŋk/

rag blanket handle damage fashion

/ræ ɡ/ /ˈblæ ŋkət/ /ˈhæ ndl/ /ˈdæ mɪdʒ/ /ˈfæ ʃn/

happy plastic shampoo half banana

/ˈhæ pi/ /ˈplæ stɪk/ /ʃæ mˈpu/ /hæ f/ /bəˈnæ nə/

단어연습

C+a+C

*Note : 강세를 받는 a패턴의 경우 91%빈도로 /æ / 로 발음

natural speech 22

act add ash absent astral

/æ kt/ /æ d/ /æ ʃ/ /ˈæ bsənt/ /ˈæ strəl/

abstract accent acid addict album

/ˈæ bstræ kt/ /ˈæ ksɛnt/ /ˈæ sɪd/ /ˈæ dɪkt/ /ˈæ lbəm/

alley aloe anchor apple attitude

/ˈæ li/ /ˈæ loʊ/ /ˈæ ŋkər/ /ˈæ pl/ /ˈæ təˌtud/

accident actual Africa alcohol allergy

/ˈæ ksədənt/ /ˈæ ktʃuəl/ /ˈæ frɪkə/ /ˈæ lkəˌhɔl/ /ˈæ lərdʒi/

a+C

aunt guarantee laugh laughter

/æ nt/ /ˌɡæ rənˈti/ /læ f/ /ˈlæ ftər/

예외


1. A fat black cat was mad when the can of ham fell on the pan.

2. Pam is a talented actress who managed to land a contract with the man.

3. Dan translated a book about African ants into 5 languages.

4. Actually, I have an answer to the drug addict problem.


6. Jack's album was banned because he simply banged and slammed on the piano and

called it jazz.

7. Gran packed me a fat ham sandwich with apple jam and cranberry juice for lunch.

8. Batman smashed his own Batmobile with a massive baseball bat when Catwoman

slapped him.


1. bad, man

2. that, pan

3. fan, band

4. aloe, banana

5. allergy, alcohol

6. aunt, laugh

7. crab, happy

8. dad, ban

9. Pam, nag

10. blanket, Africa


natural speech 23


1. 음소 : [i], [ɪ], [eɪ], [ɛ], [æ] 각 세 번씩 반복

2. 문장 : A mad man wearing a hat came to the lab and took a nap.


natural speech 24

Lesson 08 Comparison ɛ vs æ


Height MID-LOW vs LOW

æ

æ



Vowel_03.mp3

1. □ excess □ access 11. □ gem □ jam

2. □ end □ and 12. □ leg □ lag

3. □ bed □ bad 13. □ lend □ land

4. □ bend □ band 14. □ men □ man

5. □ blend □ bland 15. □ met □ mat

6. □ Kent □ can't 16. □ peck □ pack

7. □ dead □ dad 17. □ pen □ pan

8. □ expend □ expand 18. □ wreck □ rack

9. □ guess □ gas 19. □ celery □ salary

10. □ heck □ hack 20. □ send □ sand

ɛ

ɛ

natural speech 25




2. Mom bought me a (□ pen/□ pan) last Friday.

3. Stop complaining about the (□ pest/□ past)!

4. Did the (□ men/□ man) come to the meeting?

5. I've looked everywhere, but I don't see (□ any/□ Annie).

6. Sandy (□ left/□ laughed) when I arrived.

7. Please don't (□ pet/□ pat) my dog.

8. I saw your (□ kettle/□ cattle) in the barn.

9. (□ Denny/□ Danny) is not my name.

10. How much is this (□ gem/□ jam)?

1. The cat sat on the red pan.

2. Jen's allergy is getting bad.

3. Jack's French friends are very expansive.

4. Matt met Dan to let Dan write Ted a letter asking for a ladder.

5. Franz held Ben's hat in his hand while paddling up the river.

6. I had some French fries, mashed potatoes, a hamburger, and a glass of lemonade.

7. Don't let Max pat my pet ant because he's got heavy hands.

8. The jet lag made the band members beg for alcohol from anyone that passed by.

9. When Andrew went to Africa, he saw elephants and antelopes ramming one another.

10. Standing hand in hand, ten tanned men ran towards the center.

• 다음 문장 속에서 /ɛ/ 와 /æ/ 모음이 나오는 경우를 올바르게 기입한 후, 반복 연습하세요.


1. 음소 : [i], [ɪ], [eɪ], [ɛ], [æ] 각 세 번씩 반복

2. 문장 : Matt met Dan to let Dan write Ted a letter asking for a ladder.

Lesson 08 Comparison ɛ vs æ

natural speech 26

Lesson 09 Short O Sound ɑ

OVERVIEW

Height LOW Lip Rounding UNROUNDED

Advancement CENTER Tenseness LAX

SPELLING PATTERNS


1 C+o+C dock, spot

2 o+C ostrich, ox

3 wa watch, waffle

4 a father, spa

WORD PRACTICE

dock holiday lodge possible stock

/dɑk/ /ˈhɑləˌdeɪ/ /lɑdʒ/ /ˈpɑsəbl/ /stɑk/

spot upon honest bomb doctor

/spɑt/ /əˈpɑn/ /ˈɑnəst/ /bɑm/ /ˈdɑktər/

block jog golf comment novel

/blɑk/ /dʒɑɡ/ /ɡɑlf/ /ˈkɑmɛnt/ /ˈnɑvl/

개요

스펠링 패턴

단어연습

C+o+C

Vowel_09

*Note : 강세를 받는 o패턴의 경우 79%빈도로 /ɑ/ 로 발음

natural speech 27

October ostrich oxygen ox octopus

/ɑkˈtoʊbər/ /ˈɑstrɪtʃ/ /ˈɑksɪdʒən/ /ɑks/ /ˈɑktəpəs/

Oscar octagon occupy optical optimum

/ˈɑskər/ /ˈɑktəˌɡɑn/ /ˈɑkyəˌpaɪ/ /ˈɑptɪkl/ /ˈɑptəməm/

option olive opera opposite obvious

/ˈɑpʃn/ /ˈɑlɪv/ /ˈɑprə/ /ˈɑpəzət/ /ˈɑbviəs/

o+C

wasp watch waffle wallet wash

/wɑsp/ /wɑtʃ/ /ˈwɑfl/ /ˈwɑlət/ /wɑʃ/

swamp swallow swat swan swap

/swɑmp/ /ˈswɑloʊ/ /swɑt/ /swɑn/ /swɑp/

quadrant quality squad squash iguana

/ˈkwɑdrənt/ /ˈkwɑləti/ /skwɑd/ /skwɑʃ/ /ɪˈɡwɑnə/

wa

aha father lava ha blah

/ɑˈhɑ/ /ˈfɑðər/ /ˈlɑvə/ /hɑ/ /blɑ/

mama papa grandpa grandma drama

/ˈmɑmə/ /ˈpɑpə/ /ˈɡrænpɑ/ /ˈɡrænmɑ/ /ˈdrɑmə/

bra almond calm palm psalm

/brɑ/ /ˈɑmənd/ /kɑm/ /pɑm/ /sɑm/

latte이태리 pasta이태리 taco스페인 llama스페인 plaza스페인

/ˈlɑteɪ/ /ˈpɑstə/ /ˈtɑkoʊ/ /ˈlɑmə/ /ˈplɑzə/

yacht네덜란드 spa벨기에 garage프랑스 massage프랑스 karate일본

/yɑt/ /spɑ/ /ɡəˈrɑʒ/ /məˈsɑʒ/ /kəˈrɑti/

a

knowledge bureaucracy genre entrée rendezvous

/ˈnɑlɪdʒ/ /byʊr̍ɑkrəsi/ /ˈʒɑnrə/ /ˈɑntreɪ/ /ˈrɑndeɪˌvu/

entrepreneur bourgeois lingerie sergeant

/ˌɑntrəprəˈnər/ /ˌbʊrˈʒwɑ/ /ˌlɑnʒəˈrei/ /ˈsɑrdʒənt/

예외

*표준북미식 영어의 경우 외래어, a+r 및 alm 조합 등을 제외 시 a가 /ɑ/로 발음 나는 경우는 극소수임


*Note : gua / qua 등의 패턴 속에서는 u가 w의 역할을 함.

*wa조합의 경우/ɑ/가 빈번, war조합의 경우 /ɔ/가 빈번

natural speech 28


1. During the conference, John borrowed Don's yacht to enjoy the spa in his condo.

2. Zoology and biology have a lot of things in common.

3. Robert will not apologize for washing the octopus in the swamp.

4. Bravo! Your novel about the optimistic koala eating olive leaves and avocado shows

promise.

5. I watched as my iguana swatted a wasp with its palm and swallowed it.


7. My father calmly listened to the barrage of complaints from mom as she massaged his

arm in the garage.

8. Stop mocking me about the reason why I prefer golfing to jogging.


1. Tom, cop

2. not, possible

3. opposite, block

4. father, option

5. llama, iguana

6. pond, swamp

7. God, top

8. shop, doll

9. drop, fox

10. pot, hot


1. 음소 : [i], [ɪ], [eɪ], [ɛ], [æ], [ɑ] 각 세 번씩 반복

2. 문장 : Bob is confident that he makes the best pasta in the main plaza.


natural speech 29

Lesson 10 Comparison æ vs ɑ


Advancement FRONT vs CENTER

ɑ

ɑ



Vowel_04.mp3

1. □ add □ odd 11. □ map □ mop

2. □ adapt □ adopt 12. □ pat □ pot

3. □ ax □ ox 13. □ racket □ rocket

4. □ band □ bond 14. □ rat □ rot

5. □ battle □ bottle 15. □ sack □ sock

6. □ black □ block 16. □ spat □ spot

7. □ cap □ cop 17. □ stack □ stock

8. □ flap □ flop 18. □ stamp □ stomp

9. □ hat □ hot 19. □ tap □ top

10. □ lack □ lock 20. □ valley □ volley

æ

æ

natural speech 30



1. Who won the (□ battle/□ bottle)?

2. Is the (□ cap/□ cop) in your house?

3. I will give you a (□ pat/□ pot).

4. The (□ map/□ mop) is so dirty.

5. Mom got me a (□ cat/□ cot) on my birthday.

6. I don't see their (□ backs/□ box).

7. He bought a tall (□ racket/□ rocket).

8. Is that an (□ ax/□ ox)?

9. Where are my (□ sacks/□ socks)?


1. The man got back from his job interview.

2. There's a bad wasp in your back pocket.

3. Stack the stocky rocks on the black rack.

4. Why not pack the pot and the mop in the bag?

5. The cat on the cot is hot but the pot on the pan is not.

6. Active oxen can't stand calm when they see the pond.

7. Sam can't understand why Tom loves to wallow in a hot bath.

8. A black ram stomped around the block as a rat hanged on its back.

9. When the mad doctor spotted me jogging, he dragged me to the alley and robbed me.

10. Anne Bond is a nasty cop who loves avocado pasta with café latte.

• 다음 문장 속에서 /æ/ 와 /ɑ/ 모음이 나오는 경우를 올바르게 기입한 후, 반복 연습하세요.


1. 음소 : [i], [ɪ], [eɪ], [ɛ], [æ], [ɑ] 각 세 번씩 반복

2. 문장 : Stack the stocky rocks on the black rack.

Lesson 10 Comparison æ vs ɑ

natural speech 31

Lesson 11 Long OO Sound u

OVERVIEW

Height HIGH Lip Rounding ROUNDED

Advancement BACK Tenseness TENSE

SPELLING PATTERNS


1 u+C+e rude, prune

2 u+C+V fusion, student

3 oo food, moon

4 ou group, soup

5 ew/eu chew, feud

6 ue glue, true

7 ui suit, bruise

WORD PRACTICE

rude June nude rule intrude

/rud/ /dʒun/ /nud/ /rul/ /ɪnˈtrud/

produce tube tune attitude costume

/prəˈdus/ /tub/ /tun/ /ˈætəˌtud/ /ˈkɑstum/

*Note : /yu/로 발음하지 않도록 주의

개요

스펠링 패턴

단어연습

u+C+e

Vowel_11

natural speech 32

Susan crucial university super studio

/ˈsuzn/ /ˈkruʃl/ /ˌyunəˈvərsəti/ /ˈsupər/ /ˈstudiˌoʊ/

student tuna tutor stupid tulip

/ˈstudnt/ /ˈtunə/ /ˈtutər/ /ˈstupəd/ /ˈtuləp/


u+C+V

too spoon moon food tool

/tu/ /spun/ /mun/ /fud/ /tul/

pool loop school choose noon

/pul/ /lup/ /skul/ /tʃuz/ /nun/

oo

group soup wound through you

/ɡrup/ /sup/ /wund/ /θru/ /yu/

youth coupon routine acoustic troupe

/yuθ/ /ˈkupɑn/ /ruˈtin/ /əˈkustɪk/ /trup/

ou

few flew feud new stew

/fyu/ /flu/ /fyud/ /nu/ /stu/

chew neutral stewardess deuce pseudonym

/tʃu/ /ˈnutrəl/ /ˈstuərdəs/ /dus/ /ˈsudnɪm/


ew/eu

sue argue glue blue clue

/su/ /ˈɑrɡyu/ /ɡlu/ /blu/ /klu/

true duet duel Tuesday due

/tru/ /duˈɛt/ /ˈduəl/ /ˈtuzdeɪ/ /du/


ue


fruit suit suitable suitcase pursuit

/frut/ /sut/ /ˈsutəbl/ /ˈsutkeɪs/ /pərˈsut/

recruit juice bruise cruise nuisance

/rɪˈkrut/ /dʒus/ /bruz/ /kruz/ /ˈnusns/

ui

natural speech 33

do two who tomb womb

/du/ /tu/ /hu/ /tum/ /wum/

lose move prove approve canoe

/luz/ /muv/ /pruv/ /əˈpruv/ /kəˈnu/

shoe truth debut fluid ruin

/ʃu/ /truθ/ /deɪˈbyu/ /ˈfluəd/ /ˈruɪn/

druid

/ˈdruɪd/

예외


1. I saw a baboon and a goose riding a moose at the zoo.

2. A raccoon chased the balloon with a baboon wearing a suit.

3. Show me some proof that it's too cool to work in a saloon.

4. I sat on a stool and groomed a sheep near the pool.

5. The rooster ate food from its roost and hooted at the moon.

6. Take this broom and other tools and use them to clean the room.

7. A fool tycoon who goofed off at work met his gloomy doom.

8. A group of youth routinely visit our dance troupe to ask for soup coupons.

9. I will shoot at the spooky cocoon on the roof.

10. I'm truly clueless about the reason why those two got stupid blue tattoos.


1. fool, pool

2. school, noon

3. moon, soon

4. coupon, food

5. group, choose

6. blue, Tuesday

7. spoon, tuna

8. rude, bruise

9. duet, June

10. cool, stew


1. 음소 : [i], [ɪ], [eɪ], [ɛ], [æ], [ɑ], [u] 각 세 번씩 반복

2. 문장 : A group of youth routinely visit our dance troupe to ask for soup coupons.


natural speech 34

Lesson 12 Short OO Sound ʊ

OVERVIEW

Height MID-HIGH Lip Rounding ROUNDED

Advancement BACK Tenseness LAX

SPELLING PATTERNS


1 C+u+C pull, bush

2 oo cook, wood

WORD PRACTICE

bull bullet bulletin bully bush

/bʊl/ /ˈbʊlət/ /ˈbʊlətn/ /ˈbʊli/ /bʊʃ/

butcher full pull push put

/ˈbʊtʃər/ /fʊl/ /pʊl/ /pʊʃ/ /pʊt/

during durable sugar pudding pulley

/ˈdʊrɪŋ/ /ˈdʊrəbl/ /ˈʃʊɡər/ /ˈpʊdɪŋ/ /ˈpʊli/

fury rural jury curious cushion

/ˈfyʊri/ /ˈrʊrəl/ /ˈdʒʊri/ /ˈkyʊriəs/ /ˈkʊʃn/

개요

스펠링 패턴

단어연습

C+u+C

Vowel_12

natural speech 35

book brook cook cookie crook

/bʊk/ /brʊk/ /kʊk/ /ˈkʊki/ /krʊk/

foot good hood hoodie hoof

/fʊt/ /ɡʊd/ /hʊd/ /ˈhʊdi/ /hʊf/

hook look nook rook rookie

/hʊk/ /lʊk/ /nʊk/ /rʊk/ /ˈrʊki/

shook soot stood took wood

/ʃʊk/ /sʊt/ /stʊd/ /tʊk/ /wʊd/

woof wool oops

/wʊf/ /wʊl/ /ʊps/

oo *oo조합은 88%의 빈도로 /u/로 발음

woman wolf bosom euro Europe

/ˈwʊmən/ /wʊlf/ /ˈbʊzəm/ /ˈyʊroʊ/ /ˈyʊrəp/

urine uranium Uranus tourist

/ˈyʊrən/ /yʊˈreɪniəm/ /ˈyʊrənəs/ /ˈtʊrɪst/

would should could

/wʊd/ /ʃʊd/ /kʊd/

ould 패턴

예외


1. Oops, this bush is full of thorns.

2. He shook the soot from his wool hoodie.

3. Did you put all the books in the bookcase?

4. Give the crook a good push towards the bull.

5. The cook stood on his foot, looking at the cooking book.


7. Did you say goodbye to the butcher before leaving the woods?

8. When Red Riding Hood got lost in the woods, a wolf shook her foot and gave her

cookies.

9. I would have understood the story in the book if it weren't for your footsteps.

10. The rookie foot soldier took out a hook and put it near the woman's cushion.


*Note : 위에 나열된 기초 단어의 파생형도 동일 발음 유지 (ex. good – goodbye, stood – understood)

natural speech 36


1. 음소 : [i], [ɪ], [eɪ], [ɛ], [æ], [ɑ], [u], [ʊ] 각 세 번씩 반복

2. 문장 : The bully took all my sugar cookies and ran to the brook.



1. woman, shook

2. pull, pulley

3. bully, bull

4. stood, cushion

5. butcher, should

6. pudding, sugar

7. took, wood

8. wool, full

9. look, nook

10. good, wolf

natural speech 37

Lesson 13 Comparison uvs ʊ


Height HIGH vs MID-HIGH

Tenseness TENSE vs LAX

ʊ

ʊ



Vowel_05.mp3

1. □ cooed □ could

2. □ fool □ full

3. □ Luger □ looker

4. □ Luke □ look

5. □ pool □ pull

6. □ shoed □ should

7. □ suit □ soot

8. □ stewed □ stood

9. □ wooed □ would

10. □ who'd □ hood

u

u

natural speech 38



1. Don't (□ pool/□ pull) them there.

2. He shouted (□ "fool!"/□ "full!")


4. Did she just say (□ "who'd"/□ "hood")?

5. It (□ stewed/□ stood) on the stove.

6. The (□ suit/□ soot) is dirty.

7. That (□ Luger/□ looker) is so beautiful.

8. The (□ Lukes/□ looks) might matter.

9. I don't know why I (□ wooed/□ would).

10. How do you spell (□ "shoed"/□ "should")?

1. Wolves snoozed under the full moon.

2. Fruit juice could make you look good.

3. Should the fool get too full, do pull him into the pool.

4. The two women wearing maroon shoes got too curious.

5. The bully stood nude in front of many onlookers.

6. I could use some good pudding in the afternoon.

7. The rookie tutors a group of poor students from Europe.

8. The stewardess got sued because she shook the passengers wounded foot.

9. Susan looked foolish dressed in her tuna costume pulling a pit bull.

10. Luke's hoodie looks good, but his shoes make him look like a goon.

• 다음 문장 속에서 /u/ 와 /ʊ/ 모음이 나오는 경우를 올바르게 기입한 후, 반복 연습하세요.


1. 음소 : [i], [ɪ], [eɪ], [ɛ], [æ], [ɑ], [u], [ʊ] 각 세 번씩 반복

2. 문장 : Should the fool get too full, do pull him into the pool.

Lesson 13 Comparison uvs ʊ

natural speech 39

Lesson 14 AW Sound ɔ

OVERVIEW

Height MID-LOW Lip Rounding ROUNDED


SPELLING PATTERNS


1 au Paul, laundry

2 aw paw, lawn

3 o boss, cloth

4 al almost, salt

5 wa/war water, warm

6 ought bought, sought

WORD PRACTICE

fault caution author launch cause

/fɔlt/ /ˈkɔʃn/ /ˈɔθər/ /lɔntʃ/ /kɔz/

daughter caught August haul Australia

/ˈdɔtər/ /kɔt/ /ˈɔɡəst/ /hɔl/ /ɔˈstreɪlyə/

개요

스펠링 패턴

단어연습

au

Vowel_14

natural speech 40

law jaw raw saw paw

/lɔ/ /dʒɔ/ /rɔ/ /sɔ/ /pɔ/

Awesome drawer crawl dawn yawn

/ˈɔsəm/ /drɔr/ /krɔl/ /dɔn/ /yɔn/

aw

soft office off dog boss

/sɔft/ /ˈɔfəs/ /ɔf/ /dɔɡ/ /bɔs/

lost song long strong cloth

/lɔst/ /sɔŋ/ /lɔŋ/ /strɔŋ/ /klɔθ/

o

all mall call salt walk

/ɔl/ /mɔl/ /kɔl/ /sɔlt/ /wɔk/

talk also always bald false

/tɔk/ /ˈɔlsoʊ/ /ˈɔlweɪz/ /bɔld/ /fɔls/

al

war warm warn warning warden

/wɔr/ /wɔrm/ /wɔrn/ /ˈwɔrnɪŋ/ /ˈwɔrdn/

reward award want wash water

/rɪˈwɔrd/ /əˈwɔrd/ /wɔnt/ /wɔʃ/ /ˈwɔtər/

wa/war

bought brought fought ought nought

/bɔt/ /brɔt/ /fɔt/ /ɔt/ /nɔt/

sought thought

/sɔt/ /θɔt/

ought

broad gone Arkansas quarter headquarters

/brɔd/ /ɡɔn/ /ˈɑrkənˌsɔ/ /ˈkwɔrtər/ /ˈhɛdˌkwɔrtərz/

cough

/kɔf/

예외


*o 패턴의 경우 /ɔ/ vs /oʊ/의 구분을 위한 신뢰할만한 패턴 정의가 어려움

*wa조합의 경우/ɑ/가 빈번, war조합의 경우 /ɔ/가 빈번

natural speech 41


1. All the calls go to the main hall of the mall.


3. The stalker walked and talked to Austin.

4. My boss lost his soft cloth in the office.

5. I saw a sausage in the drawer covered with sauce.

6. It was Claude's fault that he added chalk instead of salt.

7. Last August, I met the author of the book to get his autograph.

8. The awful law is flawed because it taught my daughter to commit a fraud.

9. The tall bald suspect had gone to Arkansas in broad daylight before getting caught on

his lawn.

10. I thought I lost my dog when the ball bounced off the wall and hit his jaw.


1. sauce, sausage

2. ball, fall

3. claw, awful

4. dog, paw

5. small, stall

6. tall, Paul

7. Austin, alright

8. always, awesome

9. call, author

10. because, raw


1. 음소 : [i], [ɪ], [eɪ], [ɛ], [æ], [ɑ], [u], [ʊ], [ɔ] 각 세 번씩 반복

2. 문장 : Paul will haul all the faulty stalls from the vault.


natural speech 42

Lesson 15 Long O Sound oʊ

OVERVIEW

Height MID ➞ HIGH Lip Rounding ROUNDED


SPELLING PATTERNS


1 o+C+e home, rose

2 o+CC toll, ghost

3 o+C+V total, hotel

4 oa boat, foam

5 ow know, follow

6 C+o so, go

7 oe toe, oboe

8 ou/ough shoulder, doughnut

WORD PRACTICE

nose those vote joke smoke

/noʊz/ /ðoʊz/ /voʊt/ /dʒoʊk/ /smoʊk/

wrote hole stole home suppose

/roʊt/ /hoʊl/ /stoʊl/ /hoʊm/ /səˈpoʊz/

개요

스펠링 패턴

단어연습

o+C+e

Vowel_15

natural speech 43

roll volt folk old sold

/roʊl/ /voʊlt/ /foʊk/ /oʊld/ /soʊld/

gross host most ghost poster

/ɡroʊs/ /hoʊst/ /moʊst/ /goʊst/ /ˈpoʊstər/

o+C+C

focus yoga moment ozone bonus

/ˈfoʊkəs/ /ˈyoʊɡə/ /ˈmoʊmənt/ /ˈoʊzoʊn/ /ˈboʊnəs/

cocoa total local robot hotel

/ˈkoʊkoʊ/ /ˈtoʊtl/ /ˈloʊkl/ /ˈroʊbɑt/ /hoʊˈtɛl/

o+C+V

coach load road loaf soak

/koʊtʃ/ /loʊd/ /roʊd/ /loʊf/ /soʊk/

goal foam soap boast float

/ɡoʊl/ /foʊm/ /soʊp/ /boʊst/ /floʊt/

oa

bow low slow throw snow

/boʊ/ /loʊ/ /sloʊ/ /θroʊ/ /snoʊ/

borrow below elbow narrow swallow

/ˈbɑroʊ/ /bɪˈloʊ/ /ˈɛlboʊ/ /ˈnæ roʊ/ /ˈswɑloʊ/

ow

go no zero echo motto

/ɡoʊ/ /noʊ/ /ˈzɪroʊ/ /ˈɛkoʊ/ /ˈmɑtoʊ/

cargo logo piano tomato Mexico

/ˈkɑrɡoʊ/ /ˈloʊɡoʊ/ /piˈænoʊ/ /təˈmeɪtoʊ/ /ˈmɛksɪˌkoʊ/

C+o

toe foe hoe woe oboe

/toʊ/ /foʊ/ /hoʊ/ /woʊ/ /ˈoʊboʊ/

doe roe tiptoe Joe aloe

/doʊ/ /roʊ/ /ˈtɪptoʊ/ /dʒoʊ/ /ˈæ loʊ/

oe

Lesson 15 Long O Sound oʊ*o 패턴의 경우 /ɔ/ vs /oʊ/의 구분을 위한 신뢰할만한 패턴 정의가 어려움

natural speech 44

soul poultry shoulder boulder smoulder

/soʊl/ /ˈpoʊltri/ /ˈʃoʊldər/ /ˈboʊldər/ /ˈsmoʊldər/

though although dough doughnut borough

/ðoʊ/ /ɔlˈðoʊ/ /doʊ/ /ˈdoʊnʌt/ /ˈbəroʊ/

ou/ough

bureau plateau chateau au pair chauffeur

/ˈbyʊroʊ/ /plæˈtoʊ/ /ʃæˈtoʊ/ /ˌoʊ ˈpɛr/ /ˈʃoʊfər/

eau 패턴 프랑스어 au패턴 프랑스어

oh ohm pharaoh sew poem

/oʊ/ /oʊm/ /ˈfɛroʊ/ /soʊ/ /ˈpoʊəm/

oh 패턴

poet

/ˈpoʊət/

예외


1. I know Joe hoed those roses.

2. The poet wrote a poem about a poor soul.

3. Did Joan tiptoe and poke the foe with her elbow?

4. The coach loaded his boat with roasted goat loaf.

5. The old folks sold most of the rolled ghost posters.


7. I fell in a narrow hole below the cold snow and broke my old bones.

8. Oh, the au pair student borrowed my oak bow and rolled it on the road.

9. The roaming crow followed the railroad until it saw a toad croaking next to an aloe.

10. The chauffeur drove his own car on the road to the chateau on the plateau.


1. drove. road

2. elbow, yellow

3. aloe, soap

4. host, old

5. robot, home

6. throw, snow

7. ghost, hotel

8. Joe, tiptoe

9. wrote poem

10. swallow, doughnut


natural speech 45


1. 음소 : [i], [ɪ], [eɪ], [ɛ], [æ], [ɑ], [u], [ʊ], [oʊ], [ɔ] 각 세 번씩 반복

2. 문장 : A man wearing a gold coat proposed a toast.


*Note : 음소과제물에서 [oʊ]와 [ɔ] 의 순서가 바뀐 점 참고

natural speech 46

Lesson 16 Comparison oʊvs ɔ


Height MID ➞ HIGH vs MID-LOW

ɔ

ɔ



Vowel_06.mp3

1. □ bold □ bald 11. □ Joe □ jaw

2. □ coal □ call 12. □ low □ law

3. □ coat □ caught 13. □ mole □ maul

4. □ choke □ chalk 14. □ pose □ pause

5. □ close □ clause 15. □ sew □ saw

6. □ don't □ daunt 16. □ scold □ scald

7. □ flow □ flaw 17. □ stoke □ stalk

8. □ goes □ gauze 18. □ stole □ stall

9. □ know □ gnaw 19. □ tote □ taught

10. □ hole □ hall 20. □ volt □ vault

oʊ

oʊ

natural speech 47



1. You can drop it in the (□ hole/□ hall).

2. Is Tim (□ bold/□ bald)?


4. Is this the shirt that you (□ sew/□ saw)?

5. Let me take the (□ coal/□ call).

6. I need a (□ loan/□ lawn).

7. Tim was shocked at the (□ coast/□ cost).

8. Can you (□ pose/□ pause) for me?

9. Sam told me what he (□ knows/□ gnaws).

10. Dan got (□ scolded/□ scalded) because he was drunk.

1. Paul stroke the small toad.

2. The walls were covered with gross cockroaches.

3. Grab the bow and arrow and crawl on the lawn.

4. The faulty stove always makes so much smoke.

5. My jaws hurt from gnawing at raw goat meat

6. Eating too much salt and malt makes your bone grow slower.

7. My boss hopes that almost all small stalls in the mall close.

8. Unload all the balls from the haul truck because Austin will hit the road tomorrow.

9. A hawk yawned as the mole tried to maul it with its slow paw.

10. Don't throw snow at the old folks or you'll get called to the office.

• 다음 문장 속에서 /oʊ/ 와 /ɔ/ 모음이 나오는 경우를 올바르게 기입한 후, 반복 연습하세요.


1. 음소 : [i], [ɪ], [eɪ], [ɛ], [æ], [ɑ], [u], [ʊ], [oʊ], [ɔ] 각 세 번씩 반복

2. 문장 : A hawk yawned as the mole tried to maul it with its slow paw.

Lesson 16 Comparison oʊvs ɔ

natural speech 48

Lesson 17 Schwa ə

OVERVIEW

Height MID Lip Rounding UNROUNDED


SPELLING PATTERNS


1 a about, America

2 e believe, gallery

3 i possible, family

4 o occur, today

5 u campus, support

WORD PRACTICE

a about around alone sofa

/ə/ /əˈbaʊt/ /əˈraʊnd/ /əˈloʊn/ /ˈsoʊfə/

rental idea America banana company

/ˈrɛntəl/ /aɪˈdiə/ /əˈmɛrɪkə/ /bəˈnænə/ /ˈkʌmpəni/

개요

스펠링 패턴

단어연습

a

Vowel_17

natural speech 49

dozen president decide problem enemy

/ˈdʌzən/ /ˈprɛzədənt/ /dəˈsaɪd/ /ˈprɑbləm/ /ˈɛnəmi/

illness system enlighten hopeless lessen

/ˈɪlnəs/ /ˈsɪstəm/ /ənˈlaɪtən/ /ˈhoʊpləs/ /ˈlɛsən/

e

evil pencil possible ability animal

/ˈivəl/ /ˈpɛnsəl/ /ˈpɑsəbl/ /əˈbɪləti/ /ˈæ nəml/

office sensible instruct destiny visit

/ˈɔfəs/ /ˈsɛnsəbl/ /ənˈstrʌkt/ /ˈdɛstəni/ /ˈvɪzət/

i

control complete pilot seldom purpose

/kənˈtroʊl/ /kəmˈplit/ /ˈpaɪlət/ /ˈsɛldəm/ /ˈpərpəs/

today together carrot offend potato

/təˈdeɪ/ /təˈɡɛðər/ /ˈkæ rət/ /əˈfɛnd/ /pəˈteɪtoʊ/

o

suppose supply support industry beautiful

/səˈpoʊz/ /səˈplaɪ/ /səˈpɔrt/ /ˈɪndəstri/ /ˈbyutəfəl/

Jesus focus unhappy abacus album

/ˈdʒizəs/ /ˈfoʊkəs/ /ənˈhæpi/ /ˈæbəkəs/ /ˈæ lbəm/

u

Lesson 17 Schwa ə

action condition station collision decision

/ˈækʃən/ /kənˈdɪʃən/ /ˈsteɪʃən/ /kəˈlɪʒən/ /dɪˈsɪʒən/

ambitious anxious famous dangerous enormous

/æmˈbɪʃəs/ /ˈæŋkʃəs/ /ˈfeɪməs/ /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ /ɪˈnɔrməs/

예외 ion, ious, ous 등의 패턴

natural speech 50


1. I had a carrot and a banana for breakfast.


3. The Korean family bought a beautiful umbrella.

4. The illness is affecting my immune system.

5. The evil president instructed the visitor to visit him in his office.

6. The famous Canadian actor got enormously anxious when the pilot made a dangerous

decision.

7. The instructor has an amazing ability to draw animals using a pencil.

8. Don't mention the condition of the sofa in the supply room.

9. I support the idea that the industry should focus on producing quality albums.

10. The hopeless enemies took action to launch the missiles in the station.


1. unhappy, Korean

2. rental, office

3. carrot, potato

4. Adam, focus

5. beautiful, idea

6. today, tomorrow

7. famous, dangerous

8. president decided

9. visit, alone

10. dozen, bananas


1. 음소 : [i], [ɪ], [eɪ], [ɛ], [æ], [ɑ], [u], [ʊ], [oʊ], [ɔ], [ə] 각 세 번씩 반복

2. 문장 : The American woman complained about her banana again.

Lesson 17 Schwa ə

natural speech 51

Lesson 18 Wedge ʌ

OVERVIEW

Height MID Lip Rounding UNROUNDED


SPELLING PATTERNS


1 u but, husband

2 o son, done

3 ou enough, young

WORD PRACTICE

but cut drug dull sun

/bʌt/ /kʌt/ /drʌɡ/ /dʌl/ /sʌn/

much bun fund fun result

/mʌtʃ/ /bʌn/ /fʌnd/ /fʌn/ /rɪˈzʌlt/

bulge bulb sum sudden husband

/bʌldʒ/ /bʌlb/ /sʌm/ /ˈsʌdn/ /ˈhʌzbənd/

hundred uncle duck study lunch

/ˈhʌndrəd/ /ˈʌŋkl/ /dʌk/ /ˈstʌdi/ /lʌntʃ/

개요

스펠링 패턴

단어연습

u

Vowel_18

natural speech 52

son ton won tongue wonder

/sʌn/ /tʌn/ /wʌn/ /tʌŋ/ /ˈwʌndər/

month color monkey mother brother

/mʌnθ/ /ˈkʌlər/ /ˈmʌŋki/ /ˈmʌðər/ /ˈbrʌðər/

nothing Monday onion London money

/ˈnʌθɪŋ/ /ˈmʌndeɪ/ /ˈʌnyən/ /ˈlʌndən/ /ˈmʌni/

none come some done love

/nʌn/ /kʌm/ /sʌm/ /dʌn/ /lʌv/

o+C+e 패턴

o

country southern touch enough cousin

/ˈkʌntri/ /ˈsʌðərn/ /tʌtʃ/ /ɪˈnʌf/ /ˈkʌzn/

tough rough couple double trouble

/tʌf/ /rʌf/ /ˈkʌpl/ /ˈdʌbl/ /ˈtrʌbl/

young

/yʌŋ/

ou

blood flood does because was

/blʌd/ /flʌd/ /dʌz/ /bɪˈkʌz/ /wʌz/

what

/wʌt/

예외

Lesson 18 Wedge ʌ


1. Hundreds of ducks suddenly jumped.

2. Stuff the onions between the cut buns.

3. What was troubling your loving husband?

4. My son bought a ton of onions from London.

5. A young couple touched the monkey's tongue.

6. My husband brought enough money for lunch.

7. His cousin lives in the southern part of the country.


9. Mother and brother were stuck and nothing could be done.

10. I studied from Monday through Sunday, but the result was not good enough.

natural speech 53


1. does, onion

2. young, enough

3. husband, tough

4. study, because

5. some, come

6. because, money

7. cousin, son

8. fun, brother

9. uncle, Monday

10. much, fun


1. 음소 : [i], [ɪ], [eɪ], [ɛ], [æ], [ɑ], [u], [ʊ], [oʊ], [ɔ], [ə] 각 세 번씩 반복

2. 문장 : The tough bug dug up a light bulb under the sun.

Lesson 18 Wedge ʌ

natural speech 54

Lesson 19 Long I Sound aɪ

OVERVIEW

Height LOW ➞ HIGH Lip Rounding UNROUNDED

Advancement CENTER ➞ FRONT Tenseness TENSE

SPELLING PATTERNS


1 i time, bite

2 ie/ye die, bye

3 y cry, type

4 igh sigh, might

WORD PRACTICE

I hi idea idol bias

/aɪ/ /haɪ/ /aɪˈdiə/ /ˈaɪdl/ /ˈbaɪəs/

time write bite mine like

/taɪm/ /raɪt/ /baɪt/ /maɪn/ /laɪk/

i+C+e 패턴

mind kind find wild child

/maɪnd/ /kaɪnd/ /faɪnd/ /waɪld/ /tʃaɪld/

ind 패턴 ild 패턴

align sign assign design benign

/əˈlaɪn/ /saɪn/ /əˈsaɪn/ /dɪˈzaɪn/ /bɪˈnaɪn/

ign 패턴

개요

스펠링 패턴

단어연습

i

Vowel_19

natural speech 55

die tie lie pie vie

/daɪ/ /taɪ/ /laɪ/ /paɪ/ /vaɪ/

cried tried fried bye dye

/kraɪd/ /traɪd/ /fraɪd/ /baɪ/ /daɪ/

ie/ye

by cry try why July

/baɪ/ /kraɪ/ /traɪ/ /waɪ/ /dʒʊˈlaɪ/

type rhyme style cycle byte

/taɪp/ /raɪm/ /staɪl/ /ˈsaɪkl/ /baɪt/

y

sigh high thigh light flight

/saɪ/ /haɪ/ /θaɪ/ /laɪt/ /flaɪt/

might right bright sight night

/maɪt/ /raɪt/ /braɪt/ /saɪt/ /naɪt/

igh


buy guy disguise eye height

/baɪ/ /ɡaɪ/ /dɪsˈɡaɪz/ /aɪ/ /haɪt/

aisle maestro

/aɪl/ /ˈmaɪstroʊ/

예외


1. I tried to bribe the biker with nine dimes.

2. We will hike five miles to see the pine trees.

3. The frightened child is hiding behind the hive.

4. I'm too shy to bind the sly spy to the shrine.

5. Would you like some fine white wine from the vine?


7. The blind maestro might like to buy designer ties for his idol.

8. The tired psycho shut his eyes tight when the flashlight shined bright.

9. My mom was quite surprised when she saw the bright light in the sky last night.

10. It's not right to fight with your wife just because she didn't remind you to grind the

coffee beans fine.

natural speech 56


1. bribe, crime

2. wife, time

3. five, ripe

4. cry, guy

5. sky, fly

6. bright, light

7. night, fight

8. might, right

9. kind, find

10. blind, child


1. 문장읽기 연습 : Why did Mike Tyson cry when the guy didn't like to fight?


natural speech 57

Lesson 20 OU/OW Sound aʊ

OVERVIEW

Height LOW ➞ HIGH Lip Rounding UNROUNDED➞ROUNDED

Advancement CENTER ➞ BACK Tenseness TENSE

SPELLING PATTERNS


1 ou out, mouse

2 ow now, brown

WORD PRACTICE

loud proud our/hour flour sour

/laʊd/ /praʊd/ /ˈaʊər/ /ˈflaʊər/ /ˈsaʊər/

out scout shout mouth south

/aʊt/ /skaʊt/ /ʃaʊt/ /maʊθ/ /saʊθ/

ouch couch slouch house spouse

/aʊtʃ/ /kaʊtʃ/ /slaʊtʃ/ /haʊs/ /spaʊs/

ounce round ground bound found

/aʊns/ /raʊnd/ /ɡraʊnd/ /baʊnd/ /faʊnd/

count mount noun lounge bounce

/kaʊnt/ /maʊnt/ /naʊn/ /laʊndʒ/ /baʊns/

개요

스펠링 패턴

단어연습

ou

Vowel_20

*Note : oud, our, out, outh, ouch, ouse, oun 패턴, 기타 조합의 경우 흔히 /u/로 발음

natural speech 58

owl bow brow how now

/aʊl/ /baʊ/ /braʊ/ /haʊ/ /naʊ/

vow fowl howl growl brown

/vaʊ/ /faʊl/ /haʊl/ /ɡraʊl/ /braʊn/

clown crown down drown frown

/klaʊn/ /kraʊn/ /daʊn/ /draʊn/ /fraʊn/

gown town crowd

/ɡaʊn/ /taʊn/ /kraʊd/

ow


1. Around how much does a trout cost?


3. The stout clown was shouting out loudly.

4. Go outside now and free the bound howling hound.

5. An owl caught a growling brown mouse.

6. A stout cow frowned because it ate sour flour.

7. The crowd vowed to burn down the tower of power.

8. The proud count went downtown to buy a thousand gowns and blouses.

9. A mound of foul powder was allowed to be plowed into the ground.

10. The renowned bouncer raised eyebrows when he knocked down his opponent in a bout.


drought

/draʊt/

예외


1. found, mouse

2. sour, mouth

3. hound, growl

4. brown, gown

5. crowd, town

6. stout, clown

7. loud, sound

8. mountain, house

9. owl, now

10. spouse, proud

natural speech 59


1. 문장 : My spouse found a flower sprouting from the ground.


natural speech 60

Lesson 21 OI Sound ɔɪ

OVERVIEW

Height LOW ➞ HIGH Lip Rounding ROUNDED➞UNROUNDED

Advancement BACK ➞ FRONT Tenseness TENSE

SPELLING PATTERNS


1 oi join, boil

2 oy boy, loyal

WORD PRACTICE

android appoint avoid boil choice

/ˈæ ndrɔɪd/ /əˈpɔɪnt/ /əˈvɔɪd/ /bɔɪl/ /tʃɔɪs/

coil coin invoice join joint

/kɔɪl/ /kɔɪn/ /ˈɪnvɔɪs/ /dʒɔɪn/ /dʒɔɪnt/

loiter moist noise oil oink

/ˈlɔɪtər/ /mɔɪst/ /nɔɪz/ /ɔɪl/ /ɔɪŋk/

ointment paranoid point poison rejoice

/ˈɔɪntmənt/ /ˈpærəˌnɔɪd/ /pɔɪnt/ /ˈpɔɪzn/ /rɪˈdʒɔɪs/

soil spoil steroid toilet voice

/sɔɪl/ /spɔɪl/ /ˈstɛrɔɪd/ /ˈtɔɪlət/ /vɔɪs/

개요

스펠링 패턴

단어연습

oi

Vowel_21

natural speech 61

alloy boy boycott boyish convoy

/ˈæ lɔɪ/ /bɔɪ/ /ˈbɔɪkɑt/ /ˈbɔɪɪʃ/ /ˈkɑnvɔɪ/

coy decoy deploy destroy employee

/kɔɪ/ /ˈdikɔɪ/ /dɪˈplɔɪ/ /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ /ɪmˈplɔɪi/

enjoy foyer joy loyal oyster

/ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/ /ˈfɔɪər/ /dʒɔɪ/ /ˈlɔɪəl/ /ˈɔɪstər/

ploy royal soy toy voyage

/plɔɪ/ /ˈrɔɪəl/ /sɔɪ/ /tɔɪ/ /ˈvɔɪɪdʒ/

oy


1. I hear oinking noise in the toilet.

2. Avoid any moisture on your android phone.

3. The employee boiled toy coins in the alloy boiler.


5. The conjoined twins opened a joint account to pay an invoice.

6. The government deployed decoys to protect the envoy in the convoy.

7. The oysters in foil poisoned the overjoyed cowboy during his voyage.

8. A tomboy was disappointed when the steroidal ointment gave her hemorrhoids.

9. A paranoid playboy avoids oily tenderloin because he believes that it causes goiter in his

thyroid.

10. Drinking choice soymilk every day will give you a flamboyant voice.

lawyer buoy

/ˈlɔɪər/ /bɔɪ/

예외


1. employee, noisy

2. cowboy, destroy

3. enjoy, soybean

4. avoid, oyster

5. voice, disappoint

6. ointment, spoil

7. soil, moist

8. annoy, bellboy

9. paranoid, choice

10. android, toilet


natural speech 62


1. 문장 : A joyful newsboy destroyed a bellboy's ovoid turquoise.


natural speech 63

VOWELS Final Test

READ OUT ALOUD 문장읽기



symbols.






7. A group of youths routinely visit our dance troupe to ask for soup coupons.









• 다음 문장들을 녹음하신 후 평가게시판에 업로드 하세요.


i ɪ eɪ ɛ æ

heed hid hayed head had

ɑ u ʊ oʊ ɔ

hod who'd hood hoed hawed

ʌ aɪ aʊ ɔɪ

hud hide how'd hoyed

Vowel_07.mp3LISTENING PRACTICE 듣기평가

natural speech 64

VOWELS Final Test



1. □ beat □ bit 7. □ black □ block

2. □ heal □ hill 8. □ spat □ spot

3. □ fill □ fell 9. □ fool □ full

4. □ middle □ medal 10. □ who'd □ hood

5. □ bend □ band 11. □ coal □ call

6. □ men □ man 12. □ low □ law







natural speech 65

VOWELS Answer Keys


i ɪ eɪ ɛ æ

12 heed 7 hid 2 hayed 8 head 4 had

ɑ u ʊ oʊ ɔ

3 hod 1 who'd 6 hood 9 hoed 11 hawed

ʌ aɪ aʊ ɔɪ

13 hud 14 hide 5 how'd 10 hoyed

p. 3 INITIAL TEST



1. beat □ bit 7. black □ block

2. □ heal hill 8. spat □ spot

3. □ fill fell 9. fool □ full

4. □ middle medal 10. □ who'd hood

5. □ bend band 11. □ coal call

6. men □ man 12. □ low law

1. Luckily, we won the ( bead/□ bid).

2. My mom's cooking tastes (□ bitter/ better).

3. Did Paul tell you that we made a (□ bet/ bat)?

4. It's been in my ( packet/□ pocket) all day.

5. Anna said James ( cooed/□ could).

6. I put the (□ bowl/ ball) on the table.


natural speech 66

VOWELS Answer Keys

p.11 COMPARISON PRACTICE - i vs ɪ


1. □ beat bit 11. heal □ hill

2. □ bead bid 12. jean □ gin

3. bean □ bin 13. □ keen kin

4. □ cheap chip 14. lead □ lid

5. deed □ did 15. □ least list

6. eat □ it 16. □ peach pitch

7. □ eel ill 17. peek □ pick

8. □ feel fill 18. Pete □ pit

9. feet □ fit 19. scene □ sin

10. green □ grin 20. □ seek sick


1. Luckily, we won the ( bead/□ bid).

2. I heard that you (□ beat/ bit) Steve.

3. You've got some wonderful ( feast/□ fist)!

4. Tessa and Ethan are (□ leaving/ living) happily.

5. It's (□ field/ filled) with water.

6. The detective said that he's looking for some ( leads/□ lids).

7. Abe took those ( beans/□ bins) to his house.

8. I want to buy you a (□ meal/ mill).

9. We definitely need (□ Jean/ gin) to complete the project.

10. Sandra has a perfect ( peach/□ pitch).


natural speech 67

VOWELS Answer Keys

p.19 COMPARISON PRACTICE - ɪ vs ɛ


1. bid □ bed 11. □ gym gem

2. bill □ bell 12. wrist □ rest

3. □ bitter better 13. □ hill hell

4. □ chick check 14. □ immigrant emigrant

5. □ Dick deck 15. itch □ etch

6. spill □ spell 16. □ lid lead

7. □ disc desk 17. lit □ let

8. fill □ fell 18. □ middle medal

9. trick □ trek 19. mitt □ met

10. □ gist jest 20. □ pin pen


1. Are you wearing my ( knitted/□ netted) shirt?

2. Simon bought a new (□ disc/ desk).

3. I don't remember where I put the ( bill/□ bell).

4. My mom's cooking tastes (□ bitter/ better).

5. Sandy owns two (□ gyms/ gems).

6. It was added to the (□ middle/ medal).

7. Can you (□ fill/ fell) the tree?

8. I think it's ( windy/□ Wendy) outside.

9. That was such a wonderful ( trick/□ trek).


natural speech 68

VOWELS Answer Keys

p.24 COMPARISON PRACTICE - ɛ vs æ


1. □ excess access 11. □ gem jam

2. □ end and 12. □ leg lag

3. bed □ bad 13. lend □ land

4. bend □ band 14. □ men man

5. □ blend bland 15. met □ mat

6. Kent □ can't 16. □ peck pack

7. □ dead dad 17. pen □ pan

8. expend □ expand 18. wreck □ rack

9. guess □ gas 19. □ celery salary

10. □ heck hack 20. □ send sand


1. Did Paul tell you that we made a ( bet/□ bat)?

2. Mom bought me a ( pen/□ pan) last Friday.

3. Stop complaining about the (□ pest/ past)!

4. Did the ( men/□ man) come to the meeting?

5. I've looked everywhere, but I don't see ( any/□ Annie).

6. Sandy (□ left/ laughed) when I arrived.

7. Please don't ( pet/□ pat) my dog.

8. I saw your ( kettle/□ cattle) in the barn.

9. (□ Denny/ Danny) is not my name.

10. How much is this (□ gem/ jam)?


natural speech 69

VOWELS Answer Keys

p.29 COMPARISON PRACTICE - æ vs ɑ


1. □ add odd 11. □ map mop

2. □ adapt adopt 12. pat □ pot

3. ax □ ox 13. □ racket rocket

4. □ band bond 14. □ rat rot

5. battle □ bottle 15. sack □ sock

6. black □ block 16. □ spat spot

7. □ cap cop 17. stack □ stock

8. □ flap flop 18. □ stamp stomp

9. hat □ hot 19. tap □ top

10. lack □ lock 20. □ valley volley


1. Who won the (□ battle/ bottle)?

2. Is the (□ cap/ cop) in your house?

3. I will give you a ( pat/□ pot).

4. The (□ map/ mop) is so dirty.

5. Mom got me a ( cat/□ cot) on my birthday.

6. I don't see their ( backs/□ box).

7. He bought a tall (□ racket/ rocket).

8. Is that an (□ ax/ ox)?

9. Where are my (□ sacks/ socks)?

10. It's been in my ( packet/□ pocket) all day.


natural speech 70

VOWELS Answer Keys

p.37 COMPARISON PRACTICE - u vs ʊ


1. cooed □ could

2. fool □ full

3. □ Luger looker

4. □ Luke look

5. pool □ pull

6. □ shoed should

7. suit □ soot

8. □ stewed stood

9. □ wooed would

10. who'd □ hood


1. Don't (□ pool/ pull) them there.

2. He shouted ( "fool!"/□ "full!")

3. Anna said James (□ cooed/ could).

4. Did she just say ( "who'd"/□ "hood")?

5. It (□ stewed/ stood) on the stove.

6. The (□ suit/ soot) is dirty.

7. That (□ Luger/ looker) is so beautiful.

8. The ( Lukes/□ looks) might matter.

9. I don't know why I ( wooed/□ would).

10. How do you spell ( "shoed"/□ "should")?


natural speech 71

VOWELS Answer Keys

p.46 COMPARISON PRACTICE - oʊ vs ɔ


1. □ bold bald 11. □ Joe jaw

2. coal □ call 12. □ low law

3. □ coat caught 13. mole □ maul

4. □ choke chalk 14. pose □ pause

5. close □ clause 15. □ sew saw

6. □ don't daunt 16. scold □ scald

7. flow □ flaw 17. □ stoke stalk

8. □ goes gauze 18. stole □ stall

9. know □ gnaw 19. tote □ taught

10. □ hole hall 20. □ volt vault


1. You can drop it in the ( hole/□ hall).

2. Is Tim (□ bold/ bald)?

3. I put the (□ bowl/ ball) on the table.

4. Is this the shirt that you ( sew/□ saw)?

5. Let me take the (□ coal/ call).

6. I need a (□ loan/ lawn).

7. Tim was shocked at the ( coast/□ cost).

8. Can you (□ pose/ pause) for me?

9. Sam told me what he (□ knows/ gnaws).

10. Dan got (□ scolded/ scalded) because he was drunk.


natural speech 72

VOWELS Answer Keys

p. 63 FINAL TEST



1. beat □ bit 7. black □ block

2. □ heal hill 8. spat □ spot

3. □ fill fell 9. fool □ full

4. □ middle medal 10. □ who'd hood

5. □ bend band 11. □ coal call

6. men □ man 12. □ low law

1. Luckily, we won the (□ bead/ bid).

2. My mom's cooking tastes ( bitter/□ better).

3. Did Paul tell you that we made a ( bet/□ bat)?

4. It's been in my (□ packet/ pocket) all day.

5. Anna said James (□ cooed/ could).

6. I put the ( bowl/□ ball) on the table.



i ɪ eɪ ɛ æ

14 heed 7 hid 10 hayed 11 head 3 had

ɑ U ʊ oʊ ɔ

4 hod 6 who'd 1 hood 8 hoed 12 hawed

ʌ aɪ aʊ ɔɪ

5 hud 13 hide 9 how'd 2 hoyed

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