1

WASH Needs Assessment

SURVEY REPORT

KHOST PROVINCE, AFGHANISTAN

6-21 April, 2016

Analyzed and reported by:

Ammar Orakzai

Emergency and WASH Advisor (PAK/AFG)

NCA Pakistan & Afghanistan

ammar.orakzai@nca.no

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Table of Contents

Executive Summary…………………………………………………………………………………..……...3

1. Background……………………………………………………………………………………………….4

1.1Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………...4

1.2 WASH Project and Operation areas…...………………………………………………………………5

1.3 Funding….………………………………………………………………………………………………6

1.4 Objective of survey…………….……………………………………………………………………….6

2. Methodology……………………………………….…………………………………………….……….6

3. Summary of Findings…………………………………...…………………………………………………7

3.1 Water Supply…………………………………………..………………………………………………..9

3.1.1 Main Sources of drinking water……………………………………………..………………………...9

3.1.2 Water Use……………………………………..……………………………………………………...9

3.1.3 Water collection and transportation……………………………………….……………………….10

3.1.4 Water storage……………………………………………………………………………………….11

3.1.5 Water Treatment……………………………………………………………………………………11

3.2 Sanitation………………………………………………………………………………………………12

3.2.1 Defecation practices………………………………………………..………………………………..12

3.3 Hygiene……………………………...…………………………………………………………………13

3.3.1 Hand washing practices………………………………….…………………………………………..13

3.3.2 Materials for hand washing…………………………………………………………………………..13

3.3.3 Knowledge on hand washing………………………...………………………………………………13

3.4 Solid wastes Management………………………………..…………………………………………….14

3.5 Knowledge and practices on hygiene/sanitation………………………………………………………14

3.5.1 Bathing practices……………………………………………………………………………………..14

3.5.2 Oral Hygiene………………………………………………...………………………………………14

3.6 Diarrhea incidence…………...………………………………………………………………………..14

3.7 Malaria Incidence …………………………..…………………………………………………………15

4. Acronyms……………………………...………………………………………………………………..15

5. Survey Tools………………………………….…………………..…………………………………….15

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Executive Summary

Khost, a province of Afghanistan in the eastern part of the country, is bordering Pakistan's Federally

Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and with a population of 546,800 (mostly tribal society) has yet again,

due to continued conflict in the area, experienced a high influx of refugees from Pakistan, many cared

for by local host communities. Responding to this influx has put a strain on the communities and the

infrastructure in the villages. NCA has recently completed a twelve month CHF funded relief programme

to assist refugees in this province, targeting 9,800 beneficiaries.

NCA and CoAR (implementing partner) conducted a primary needs assessment in April 2016 targeting

15 villages of Gurbez and Tani districts where the majority of refugees live in spontaneous camps (69%

- established in isolated areas) and where refugees are residing with host communities (30%). 73% of

refugee families interviewed in self-settled camps reported that they collect insufficient water quantities

(less than 15 liters per person per day) from distant unprotected springs, open wells and surface water.

Close to 80% of the refugees have inadequate size and type of water storage facility, 79% of respondents

don't treat water before drinking while in 21% of cases, women practice a form of treatment to control

water turbidity but by unhygienic cloth filtering. Water is mainly collected by women and children (young

girls) who report that they feel insecure when they go to collect water due to the presence of men not

known to them and threats of wild animals. To meet the water needs of large families, women go at

least three times a day to collect water, and this considerably reduces the time women and girls have

available for other activities. 92% of the refugees lack access to latrines and practice open defecation.

Safe, lockable and well-lit latrines are not available for women and children. Night-time trips to fields for

defecation and bathing puts them at risk of physical attacks and sexual violence. Hand washing facilities

and soaps are non-existent. As a result, high prevalence of sickness among children is noted. Children

below the age five are particularly exposed to water borne diseases such as diarrhea and measles

To have a better understanding of the WASH needs of these communities, both quantitative and

qualitative survey tools were designed. Through a consultative process with NPO/RRAA, a structured

household-level questionnaire, composed of 51 WASH-themed questions, and WASH question-guides

for focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) were finalized. All survey tools

were originally developed in English and then translated in Pashtu, the dominant language of Khost

province. The Sphere Project, Do No Harm, the ACT Alliance Code of Conduct, and the International

Rescue Committee's Environmental Health Field Guide, were all used as reference documents in the

elaboration of the survey tools.

The refugees and host communities that participated in the rapid needs assessment are currently living

in extremely poor and life-threatening conditions. In most cases, families are living in spontaneous

settlements with more than five families living together is each demarcated compound.

The survey has captured the WASH needs in more details which will be followed in separate sections in

the report.

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Water Supply: Up to 94% of population in Khost Province gets water from open springs, surface sources

and hand pumps that are unprotected and 6% alternatively also use protected hand pumps for drinking

and household purposes. 54% also depend on surface water and 28% on open springs (87% in total)

Sanitation: 92% in Khost do not have a latrine and practice open defecation.

Hygiene; Hand washing at the most critical times is very poor. About half 40% of the population do not

wash hands during the key times and 55% of the respondents wash hands with water only. 86% do not

have any dedicated hand washing facility at HH level.

Solid wastes Management: 72% of the total population interviewed do not practice suitable solid waste

management. 57% said that they throw the household wastes anywhere they can and 23% said they throw

it in a pit near the compound.

Diarrhea incidences: 43% had a household member who suffered from diarrhea in the last two weeks.

Malaria Incidence: 30% informed they were suffering from Malaria. (Anecdotal)

Recommendations:

1. There is need to increase awareness to people on the danger of drinking water from unsafe water

sources which is the root cause of many diarrheal and water-borne diseases. Messages should

discourage the use of rainy season surface water sources.

2. Appropriate times must be designed for women for hygiene sessions. It has been seen women are

everyday being overburdened with domestic work and hence do not have time to attend hygiene

sessions yet they are expected to be the role models on good hygiene/sanitation practices at the

household level.

3. Targeted gender approaches need to be developed for both provinces and the women outreach

is difficult in terms of information sharing and participation.

4. There is need for intensive campaign on hygiene/sanitation to strongly discourage open defecation

which is a predominant practice among the population targeted.

5. The communities also need to be encouraged on other hygiene practices such as having rubbish

pit, and taking care of oral hygiene.

6. Special campaigns should be arranged on diarrhea and its link to malnutrition

7. Field staff should as much as possible spend maximum time with the community to mobilize, aware

and slowly transform the entire population from bad to good hygiene/sanitation practices.

8. In the targeted areas of Khost, proposed latrines (temporary VIP structures) are suited whereas

9. Most suitable solution for water supply is protection of springs and surface water is the most

widely used.

1. Background

1.1 Introduction

NCA Global: Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) is an independent humanitarian organization working for

people’s basic needs. NCA is founded on the belief that all human beings are created equal with the same

human dignity. NCA was established in 1947, to work for the poor and vulnerable, and was mandated to

be a professional and reliable channel for the resources available and to raise resources for humanitarian

assistance to people in need. NCA provides emergency assistance in disasters and works for long-term

development in local communities. In order to address the root causes of poverty, NCA advocates for

just decisions by public authorities, businesses and religious leaders. For further details please see

http://www.kirkensnodhjelp.no/en/About-NCA/About-NCA/.

As a civil society organization NCA aims at developing relationships with local organizations that know

the conditions and culture better than any international organization. A sustainable and conflict sensitive

approach characterizes all of NCA’s activities. NCA global program intervention is summarized as follow.

Development aid (64.9%)

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Emergency relief (24.3%)

Advocacy (10.8%)

NCA Afghanistan: Since the 1970s, Afghanistan has faced a set of insecurity, development and human

rights challenges, and there is increasing uncertainty about the continued international engagement and

support after 2014. The initial stability brought by the international intervention after 2001 have gradually

been replaced by a worsened security situation in large parts of Afghanistan, uneven development

opportunities and increased levels of corruption, continued human rights violations, and major concerns

relating to democratization and governance.

NCA has been working in Afghanistan for 30 years, under different political regimes. Current key

programs for NCA’s activities in Afghanistan are as follows:

Women Peace and Security

Value Based Communities and Peace Building

Climate Change Mitigation

Livelihood and Trade

Water Sanitation and Hygiene

NCA is a partner based organization which implements projects through national NGOs in Afghanistan.

The national partner organizations of NCA implement programs with NCA funds in Uruzgan, Daikundi,

Faryab, Khost and Kabul and they are present in nearly 30 provinces of Afghanistan. The low presence of

NGO actors in these areas raised a need for development intervention due to remoteness and the

potential to contribute towards peace and stability. Despite difficult access into the mentioned provinces

for international organizations and authorities, NCA has been able to implement programs there through

its network of local partner organizations. They better understand the local contexts, culture and

traditions of the communities.

1.2 WASH Project and Operations Areas

As a result of the primary needs assessment conducted by NCA and CoAR, the proposed project

Will address the urgent and unmet WASH needs of refugees and host communities in 09 villages (out of

15 assessed) of districts Gurbez and Tani, Khost Province. The proposed project is an extension of the

completed project in the same locations with focus on new refugee influx. The project will reach 18,760

refugees living in spontaneous settlements and host communities in Khost and 16,800 host ensure that

beneficiaries have 1)Improved access to adequate sanitation facilities 2)Improved access to safe water supply

3)An increased understanding of key health risks related to WASH and adopt positive hygiene practices to prevent

diseases transmission. Open defecation is practiced by 92 percent of the potential beneficiaries in Khost

who do not have access to sanitation facilities. Construction of lockable latrines with hand washing facilities

in communities and households will mitigate waterborne diseases, ensure privacy and security of women

and children, and give easy access for the elderly and disabled. As bathing facilities are almost non-existent

in all areas (97% do not have access), they will be built to improve personal hygiene practices and

conditions. Facilities will be located in well-lit areas for safety preferably for each HH with large size.

Water sources in the target areas are insufficient and unsafe. To meet need for adequate and safe water

supply, wells will be chlorinated, open springs will be protected with piped access to communal collection

points, and a system for regular water testing will be set up. To reduce burden on women and girls who

spend many hours collecting water today, hand pumps will be located in the communities. Appropriate

sizes of carrying cans will aid women and children in collection. Activities to promote good hygiene

practices will be done to reduce health risks and to foster resilient bodies and minds. With participation

at core, promotion activities will emphasize prevention of diarrhea, hand washing, menstrual hygiene,

infant and young child feeding (IYCF), water treatment, food storage and waste disposal. Promotion

activities will be accompanied by the distribution of hygiene NFIs. WASH committees will be composed

of men, women and children.

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1.3 Funding

NCA has submitted a concept to Ministry of Foreign Affairs Norway with a budget of 5.4 million NOK

with 18,760 refugees as planned direct beneficiaries of the project and 16,800 indirect host beneficiaries.

1.4 Objective of the survey

NCA Emergency & WASH program conducted the baseline survey to ascertain the knowledge, attitude

and practices of the target population on water supply, sanitation and hygiene before it implements its

program activities. The Baseline will be used to plan, monitor and evaluate the project effectively and also

to identify gaps areas where specific strategies could be developed and implemented.

2. Methodology

KAP questionnaire and FGDs were used to collect the data. NCA Emergency WASH team and

enumerators provide by partners were used for the data collection. The survey was conducted in the

month of September but pre- project situation was captured. The survey took a period of 2 weeks. The

KAP baseline used a mix of purposive (in order to cover scattered settlements of particular types) and

random sampling method for the survey. The survey will took a sample size of 383 (calculated based on

the formula mentioned below) for a population of 20,587 individuals. It was representative of geographical

locations, income groups, gender, age, tribe, disability and type of settlement. 5% of the questionnaires

were triangulated to verify the validity of information.

Sample Size

Where:

Z = Z value (e.g. 1.96 for 95% confidence level)

p = percentage picking a choice, expressed as decimal

(.5 used for sample size needed)

c = confidence interval, expressed as decimal (e.g., .04 = ±4)

Correction for Finite Population

ss

new ss =

1+

ss-1

pop

Where: pop = population

sass =

Z 2 * (p) * (1-p)

c 2

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Province District Village Target

population Weighted average Sample size

Final Sample size

Khost

Gurbez

Patholan 678 3% 9.87 9

Nari Pashan 2587 10% 37.67 32

Bismiuladin Kaski 2680 10% 39.02 34

Gardi Kaski 2828 11% 41.18 35

Kaski 815 3% 11.87 10

Marmandi 1364 5% 19.86 17

Alamgi 3806 15% 55.42 48

Shikh Amir 2980 11% 43.39 37

Sharshi 1150 4% 16.74 14

Tani

Etman 1521 6% 22.15 19

Soorkot 3120 12% 45.43 39

Sanaki 586 2% 8.53 7

Sangari 1001 4% 14.58 13

Nariza 642 2% 9.35 8

Shirkhil 271 1% 3.95 3

Total 26029 100% 379 379

Limitations

1. It is difficult to find skilled enumerators in the area; therefore available low skilled enumerators

were used who are often too slow and time consuming. WASH Coordinator and Emergency

Program Officer constantly supervised the survey teams in the field to maintain the quality of

data collection.

2. Uncertain security situation can be a major problem hindering the plan and affecting access to

the desired locations

3. Timing could also be a problem if not communicated to the communities beforehand.

4. Climate could also be a problem sometime but allowing the teams to be in field as planned

3. Summary of findings

The assessment was conducted in 15 villages from in Districts Gurbez and Tani in. The communities

identified were mapped during the assessment and visited by survey teams. Khost has received a new

high influx of refugees from Pakistan due to military operation against militants in Waziristan. These areas

are also highly challenging in terms of access to WASH facilities.

The assessment conducted in the 15 villages will also serve as a baseline for the proposed project. The

survey was conducted between 8-12 April, 2016 by the WASH Program Coordinator, Emergency and

WASH Advisor (Expat) and Partner staff. During this survey pre-project situation was captured in order

to monitoring project developments.

379 households were interviewed during the survey, which included host families and refugees in a period

of 14 days followed by analysis and report writing.

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4.0. Demographic profile:

Nos. Particulars Khost

1 Type of respondents

Refugees 98%

Host 2%

2 Gender of the respondent

Male 59%

Female 41%

3 Marital Status

Single 7%

Married 90%

Window/er 3%

4 Age bracket of respondent

12 - 17 years 3%

18 - 40 years 69%

41 - 59 years 24%

60 years and above 4%

5 Role of respondent in HH

Wife 32%

Husband 55%

Brother of the husband 1%

Sister of the husband 1%

Daughter 4%

Son 3%

Grand parents 4%

6 Gender/sex of head of HH

Male 88%

Female 12%

7 Average Age distribution in HH

0-5 years 25%

6-17 years 33%

18-59 years 31%

60 years and above 11%

8 Type of residence

Privately owned 1%

Living with host communities 30%

Rental accommodation 0%

Spontaneous settlement 69%

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3.1 Water Supply

3.1.1 Main sources of drinking water

94% of the respondents get their

drinking water from unsafe

water sources (unprotected

hand pumps or unprotected

springs and surface water). 5%

pay for water being delivered at

their homes.

This indicates that the use of

water from open sources only

diminishes when not available.

Almost 6% still depend on

protected water sources such as

protected hand pumps and dug

wells that are most likely to be

contaminated due to its sanitary

conditions and siting.

3.1.2 Water Use

The graphs shows water consumption at HH level.

73% of respondents consume less than 15 litres of

water per person per day. 3% consume less than 20

litres at HH level, 18% consume between 20-37

litres at HH level and 35% consume 38-75 litres for

an average family size of 7 individuals which makes

the average water consumption less than SPHERE

minimum standards in an emergency. 44% still

consumes more than 75 litres in a HH ranging from

10 – 20 litres per person per day.

3 %

18 %

35 %

44 %

less than 20 litres

20-37 litres

38-75 litres

More than 75 litres

28

%

6% 8%

59

%

29

%

4% 6%

61

%

19

%

3%

9%

1%

69

%

19

%

3%

9%

1%

69

%

Drinking Cooking Laundry Hygiene

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3.1.3 Water Collection and transportation

Women (including girls) predominantly collect the

water for the everyday use in the household with

54% of the total share. This is followed by boys

(24%) and adult men (19%).

24% of the respondents said that the nearest

water source is within 500m. 39% responded that

the water source is between 500m – 1km away,

33% mentioned the distance between 1-3 KMs

and 4% mentioned the nearest water source to be

more than 3kms away. 19% of the respondents

who mentioned the distance to nearest water

source to be within 500m, takes more than 30

minutes due to difficult terrain whereas remaining

5% takes 15 minutes. 36% of the population

takes 30 mins to 1 hour to collect water, 47%

takes 15-30 mins and 6% takes more than 1

hour. The mentioned time includes collection

and travel time (back and forth). 11% takes

less than 15 minutes. The aforementioned

figures also implies that 54% women (including

girls and adult women) are being

overburdened with domestic work. 58% of

the respondents travelled less or about half an

hour to the nearest safe water source to fetch

water. This indicates that about 42% do not

fall in within the Sphere standard of less than

30 minutes. There is need to increase the number of water sources.

Queuing time at the Water source

64% of the total respondents spend 15-30 minutes to get water from the water point. 26% spend 30-60

minutes and 10% more than one hour to fetch the water. 64% spend less than 15minutes. Spending more

time on queuing (36%) is indicating that inadequate water points or inadequate yield of the water points

serve the population. It can cause the lack of water intake per capita and contributes to the burden of

work for women. Jerry cans are the predominant containers (49%) followed by buckets (45%) used for

collection and transportation of drinking water.

19 %

27 %

24 %

27 %

3 %

Adult men

Adult women

Boys

Girls

Others

24 %

39 %

33 %

4 %within 500m

500m - 1 KM

1-3 KM

More than 3 KM

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3.1.4 Water Storage

7% of the respondent use jerry cans for

storage of drinking water. Meanwhile 31%

use plastic buckets and 25% use clay pots.

Only 19% use drum/barrel for storage of

water. 17% use other storage containers not

fir for storage. It was observed during the

survey that the water storage containers

were not covered (58%) while in other

instances some were covered and some

were not (42%). At the same time more than

69% of the containers were not clean. The

use of open buckets and pots without a lid is

a poor practice simply because water can

easily get contaminated. Additionally, dipping method of fetching water from the storage container is a

practice among only 31% the population, which can also lead to contamination.

The general practice of the population is to wash the water containers by using water only. According the

survey result 69% of the population do not WASH their containers on regular bases keeping in view the

hygiene situation of the containers.

3.1.5 Water treatment:

According to the survey results, 73% of the

respondents do not treat water. The

remaining 27% largely depend upon cloth

filtration method (47%) followed by

chlorination (8%) and SODIS (8%) Only 1%

treat water through sedimentation and

boiling. Reasons for not treating water

through the survey were being used to the

water (24%), treatment being expensive (9%)

and 9% thought the water they were drinking

was safe. A big fraction (50%) did not know

how to treat water. The figures collected

through the survey shows that there is a high

need for educating communities on suitable

methods of treatment of water apart keeping

in view the type of contamination.

7 %

31 %

19 %1 %

25 %

17 %

Jerry can

Bucket

Drum/Barrel

Bottles

Basin

Clay pots

Other

23 %

3 %

25 %

38 %

11 %

Water is safe

Chlorination/ aqua tabs

Cloth filtration

Sedimentation

Its expensive

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3.2 Sanitation

3.2.1 Defecation practices

Khost: 92% of the respondents do not have latrines

which shows open defecation is a predominant

practice. Only 8% have latrines that were

constructed through self-initiative. Women use

isolated places in the HH to defecate while men go

the open fields and bushes. The graph shows using

bushes. Backyard/fields is a predominant practice

(44%). 34% are contaminating the canals and rivers.

17% use communal defecation places, 7% use

neighbor’s latrine and 2% use plastic bag. Practice of

open defecation contributes to the high occurrence

of diarrheal and other water-borne diseases (see later section on diarrhea incidence). The existing 8%

latrines are mainly ditches with cover around and pit latrines without slabs. Main reason for not

constructing latrines is being expensive (75%). 23% do not have any space for construction as the land

does not belong to them. Regular users of latrines are shown in the graph below.

75 %

23 %

1 %

0 %

1 %

Expensive

No space for construction

Defecation is not an issue

Not a priority

A lot of space for defecation here15 %

43 %14 %

14 %

14 %

Children

Women

Elderly male members

Elderly female member

Women Only

Men Only

7 %2 %

13 %

44 %

34 %

Neighbours latrine

Plastic bag

A lot of space for defecationhereBush/backyard/field

canal/river

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3.3 Hygiene

3.3.1 Hand washing practices

About 42% of the respondents do not have

a good hand washing practice during key

times. 50% said they wash their hands

during one of the three (3) critical times;

15% after defecation, 3% before preparing

food and 32% before eating food. It is

important to note that most of the

respondents do not have a good hand

washing practice after defecation (15%

only), arguably the most important time to

wash ones hands to prevent spread of

diarrhea. The graph clearly explains

responses from the respondents on hand

washing times. As per the observation 98%

did not have any hand washing facility

available at HH level.

3.3.2 Material for Hand washing

Most of the respondents do not use soap or

ash when washing their hands: 36% of the

total respondents interviewed wash their

hands with water only; washing hands only

with water alone is not enough to stop the

transmission of diarrhea. However, 6%

indicated that they wash their hands with

clean water and soap, 54% with ash and 4%

with sand. 78% of the respondents who do

not wash hands said it is expensive to buy a

soap, 9% thought that water alone cleanses

the hand, 8% said soap is not a practice, 2%

thought it takes more time and 3% did not

do it due to negligence and laziness.

3.3.3 Knowledge on hand washing

About 40% of the respondents do not have knowledge on the importance of hand washing. Hand

washing is done to get rid of dirt and to have clean looking hands only. 60% understands that washing

hands with clean water and soap/ash is to remove/prevent diseases.

32 %

26 %

15 %

11 %

4 %3 %

3 %3 %3 %

Before eating

After eating

After Defecating

After latrine use

before feeding child

After handling rubbish

After handling babys feces

Before food preperation

After handling animals

36 %

6 %4 %

54 %

Water only

water and soap

water and sand

water and ash

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3.4 Solid wastes management

Only 28% of the total respondents have a

good practice on household solid

management.

They either collect the wastes into garbage

pit/bury (23%), burn them (2%) and compost

(3%). This indicates that about 72% of the

total respondents do not have a good practice

on solid wastes management at the household

level. They throw the wastes anywhere, in

land fill and rivers. The improper disposal of

wastes encourages breeding grounds for

disease vectors such as mosquito, flies, etc.

Knowledge and practices on hygiene &

sanitation is a key for improvement of situation

3.5 Knowledge and practices on hygiene/sanitation

3.5.1 Bathing practices

About 97% of the total respondents do not show good bathing practices due to lack of facilities. Men can

take a bath outside but due to privacy issue and lack of facilities women are not able to. This is mainly

affecting the hygiene condition of women and leading to different diseases such as skin disease.

3.5.2 Oral Hygiene

46% of the total respondents do not clean their teeth. 54% that do mainly use Miswaq (62%), 33% use

finger to clean their teeth and 5% use tooth brushes.

This also shows that the community predominantly prefers using Miswaq than tooth brushes.

3.6 Diarrhea incidences

Diarrhea incidences level in the

study area is high. About 43% of

the respondents said at least

someone in their household

(predominantly children under 5

years of age with 55% share of the

total cases) had suffered from

diarrhea in the last two weeks

(anecdotal evidence). This is most

likely as a result of lack of

knowledge and predominant poor

hygiene and sanitation practices.

The pie chart below shows the

understanding of the population on

the causes of diarrhea. 27% of the

respondents do not have any knowledge on diarrhea prevention. 11% understands that dirty hands and

19% understands that dirty water can cause diarrhea. In general, about 27% at least have some knowledge

on the different causes of diarrhea. Many of the respondents say contaminated food is the major cause of

diarrhea (27%).

0 %3 %2 %

1 %

23 %

57 %

14 %

Garbage pit/bury

Composting

Burn

River

Public disposal area

Thrown anywhere

landfill/ to fill lower ground

13 %

20 %

4 %

11 %

27 %

19 %

2 %3 %1 %Rain

Germs

Flies

Dirty Hands

Dirty Foods

Dirty Water

Part of childs growth

Poor Hygiene

Open Defecation

15

3.7 Malaria incidences

About 30% of the respondents

said there were anecdotal

evidence of Malaria at HH level.

43% of the cases are among the

age group of 6-17 years, 26%

among age group of 18-59 years,

2% in age group of 60 and above

and 29% in children below 5 years

of age. 21% of the community do

not know the cause of malaria.

The graph shows different

preventive measures community

know about.

4. Acronyms

NCA – Norwegian Church Aid

WASH – Water Sanitation and Hygiene

PHAST – Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation

CHAST – Child Hygiene and Sanitation Training

CHF – Common Humanitarian Fund

KAP – Knowledge Attitude and Practices

5. Questionnaire.

Assessment questionnaire

14 %

13 %

5 %

8 %

7 %1 %18 %

34 %

Oil/lotion

not taking dirty water/food

use of smoke

Proper hygiene

Eliminate mosquito breeding sites

Continue feeding

Go to Clinic

Use of bed nets