Week 4. Morphological Dimensions

박소현

• Morphological Dimensions of

Urban Design:

layout and configuration of

urban form and space

• 2 types of urban space system

– Traditional vs. Modernist

• Urban blocks & urban block structures:

– Lot pattern, street pattern, building, use

• Pre-industrial cities• cf) Traditional cities …….. gradual, continuity

• Industrial cities• Modernism ………………radical, secession

• cf) Modernist urbanism

• Post-Industrial cities• New Modernism ……….’big architecture’

• cf) Post modernism

• New Urbanism………….’neo traditionalism’• cf) Smart growth, sustainable development

• Traditional

• Modernist

• Neo-Traditional

• Traditional vs. Modernist– Cf. organic vs. planned

– Cf. Irregular vs. regular

– Cf. grid vs. curved (not so simple)

• Urban Morphology: Study of Urban Form and Shape of Settlements

• Why urban morphology?– It helps urban designers to be aware of

local patterns of development and processes of change

• Conzen: 4 elements

• Caniggia: Urban Tissue• Current trends: how to utilize it…

• Land Uses

• Building Structures

• Street Patterns

• Lot Patterns

• Traditional vs. Modernist

Small block patterns Super block patterns

Building defining and enclosing space

Buildings as objects in space

A

C

B

D

Carmona (2003), Rowe and Koetter (1978) 재인용

Carmona (2003), Permeability, “Finely meshed grid” vs. “Coarser grid”

Carmona (2003), Krier (1990) 재인용, 4 types of urban space: block is

1)result of street/square, 2)street/square is result of block, 3)street/square, 4)building

Transformation of traditional grid into super block:

Gridded ->

Grid erosion ->

Laddered

Pros and Cons:

Carmona (2003)

Carmona (2003), Duany et al (2000) 재인용

“self contained pod”unrelated to other “pods”

Clarence Perry의 마을(근린주구) 유닛 모델. 1929. 중심으로부터 5분 도보거리 내 지역 표시. Duany, Plater-Zyberk and Company에서 다시 그린Diagram. Walters and Brown (2004, p. 57)에서 재인용

Duany, Plater-Zyberk and Company에서 1997년에 디자인한 전통적인 마을(근린주구) 모델 (Traditional Neighborhood). Perry 의 모델처럼 중심으로부터5분 거리 내의 구역. Walters and Brown (2004, p. 58)에서 재인용.

Carmona (2003), Lewelyn-Davis (2000) 재인용

Comparison of the four types:

Establishment of block sizes considering existing linkages and connections and working within the grain of local context

Carmona (2003), Siskna (1998) 재인용

CBD block structures and sizes in 4 US cities

From small square/ rectangular to medium square

Optimum Grid meshes:

30-40 % of total area

Carmona (2003), Siskna (1998) 재인용

CBD block structures and sizes in 4 Australian cities

Block patterns and Street meshes

• Sustainable Urban Design

• Key factors: Table 3.1, 3.2, 3.3

– Stewardship

– Resource efficiency

– Diversity and choice

– Human need

– Resilience

– Pollution reduction

– Concentration

– Distinctiveness

– Biotic support

– Self sufficiency

• Car

Carmona, 2004

Morphological Dimensions

• How to look at urban form

– 4 urban form elements:

– Factors (complex issues)

• Interpretation of urban form changes

• Application of urban form studies

• Sustainable Design -> Compact Cities