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11/4/13
1
The University of Tennessee UT Tree Improvement Program
Jason Hogan Major Professors
Dr. Scott Schlarbaum Dr. Allan Houston
October 16, 2013 12:20 P.M. 160 Plant Biotech Building
� � Root Production Method � Multi-step container production method � Emphasizes the root system
� Primarily root volume
What is RPM®
� � Transform taproot into
fibrous root system � Container Size � Air root pruning � Timing
� Higher Survival � Accelerated Growth rate
in field � Believed earlier
maturation
Effects of RPM®
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� � Seed Selection
� Collection � Processing
� Step I � Seeding � Stratification � Germination � Air Root Pruning
� Step II � Transplanting � Processing
� Step III � Transitioning Period
� Misted 48 hrs. � Transplanting
RPM® Method
� � Seed from
phenotypically superior trees � Target wetter sites � Seed is cleaned � Seed is graded
� Density gradient � Weight is most
important
Seed Selection
� � Seeding
� Seed placed in bottomless mesh flat � Growing medium
� 40% Composted rice hulls � 40% Pine bark � 20% Sand � Fertilizer � Micronutrients � Wetting Agent � Mycorrizae innoculation
RPM® Step I
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� � Air space is most
important
� Media provides 35% air space
� Stratification via cold storage
� 1°C. (34°F.)
RPM® Step 1
� � Timing
� Move out of stratification Feb. 1
� Germination
� Shallow root pruning
� Force fibrous roots higher on the root collar
RPM® Step II
� � Processed � Transplanted
� Plastic square bottomless pot � Pots measure 3.75 inches
� Shorter pot improves root distribution
� Transplants set on bottomless benches � 60 days � Air pruning on secondary
lateral roots
RPM® Step II
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� � Transitioning period
� Misted 48 hrs.
� Dibble transplanted into 3 gallon squat pots
RPM® Step III
� � Find seed
source � Collection � Processing � Planting � Lifting � Process � Storage
Bareroot Method
�
� Seed trees
� Quantity
� Ease of collection
Seed Selection
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� � Want large
quantities
� First seed to fall is generally poor
� Pick by hand
� Collected by nets
Seed Collection
�
� Clean seed
� Viability tests
� Prepare seed for storage
Seed Processing
� � Plant at recommended:
� Spacing (species specific)
� Depth (species specific)
Planting
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� � Lifter mounted on tractor � Cut to depth � Lift � Store in cooler
Lifting
� � May separate into classes
� Process and bag
Seedling Processing
� � Store :
� Dark � 40° F � Must keep
roots moist!
Storage
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� Retail Pricing
$44.00 $87.00
$281.25
$0.00
$50.00
$100.00
$150.00
$200.00
$250.00
$300.00
Prem. Reg. Hrdwds Prem. Large Dia. Hrdwds RPM S3-3CG
ETSN ETSN FKN
Cos
t in
Dol
lars
Products
Net Cost Quantity = 25
31%
15%
� Retail Pricing
$87.00 $139.00
$1,125.00
$0.00
$200.00
$400.00
$600.00
$800.00
$1,000.00
$1,200.00
Prem. Regular Hrdwds Prem. Large Hrdwds RPM S3-3CG
ETSN ETSN FKN
Cos
t in
Dol
lars
Products
Net Cost Quantity = 100
12%
8%
� Retail Pricing
$255.00 $410.00
$5,455.00
$0.00
$1,000.00
$2,000.00
$3,000.00
$4,000.00
$5,000.00
$6,000.00
Prem. Reg. Hrdwds Prem. Large Dia. Hrdwds RPM S3-3CG
ETSN ETSN FKN
Cos
t in
Dol
lars
Products
Net Cost Quantity = 500
5% 8%
11/4/13
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� � RPM® survival has been reported at 95%
� Planted with tractor mounted auger or shovel � Less transplant shock � Costly shipping
� Bareroot typically shows 65 – 70% survival � Can be planted with dibble bar � Transplant shock � Less costly shipping
Conclusion
�
Depends on the Customer
Is RPM® The Answer
� � Clark, Dr. Stacy. "Visual Grading and Quality of 1-0 Northern Red
Oak Seedlings." South Journal for Applied Forestry, 2000: 93 - 97. � Dey, Daniel C. "Tree establishment in floodplain agroforestry
practices." AFTA. 2003. 102 - 115. � Forest Keeling Nursery. "Forest Keeling Wholesale Catalog." By
Wayne Lovelace. Elsberry, MO: Forest Keeling Nursery, 2013. � Lovelace, Wayne. "Root Production Method System." National
Proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations. Ogden, UT: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 1999. 20 - 21.
� Tennessee Department of Agriculture: Division of Forestry. "East Tennessee Nursery Seedling Order Form." Seedling Order Form 2013 - 2014. 2013. http://tn.gov/agriculture/publications/forestry/seedlingcatolog.pdf (accessed October 2, 2013).
References
11/4/13
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� � Photos courtesy of :
� Forest Keeling Nursery � University of Tennessee Tree Improvement Program � East Tennessee State Nursery
Photo Credits
� � University of Tennessee Tree Improvement Program � Wayne Lovelace, owner of Forest Keeling Nursery � East Tennessee State Nursery � Dr. Stacy Clark; USDA Forest Service
Acknowledgements
� Questions?