William Shakespeare & Romeo and Juliet Erin Starnes ICL 773 - Introduction to Bibliography Pathfinder Project November 21, 2010 Photo courtesy of abm-enterprises.net

William Shakespeare&

Romeo and Juliet

Erin StarnesICL 773 - Introduction to Bibliography

Pathfinder Project

November 21, 2010

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Photo courtesy of abm-enterprises.net

Table of ContentsPathfinder Thesis and Introduction ………………….. 3Reference Books …………………………………………. 4

General Encyclopedias ……………………………… 4Subject Encyclopedias ……………………………… 6Other Reference Books …………………………….. 8

Books ………………………………………………………. 9Classification Numbers ………………………………… 13Subject Headings ………………………………………… 13Academic Journals ……………………………………….. 14Websites ……………………………………………………. 16VHS and DVD ……………………………………………… 18Television mini-series …………………………………… 22Motion Pictures …………………………………………… 23References …………………………………………………. 25

William Shakespeare&

Romeo and Juliet

Thesis: Students will locate information on William Shakespeare’s life, the Elizabethan Era, the Elizabethan theatre, some of controversy surrounding Shakespeare and his

writing, and information to aid in the comprehension of Romeo and Juliet.

This Pathfinder is intended to help students locate biographical information on Shakespeare and any information on Romeo and Juliet that will aid in comprehension.

Before reading Romeo and Juliet, I like students to have a basic understanding of the life and times of William Shakespeare. In addition, students like to use resources to help

them understand the play. I want to direct them to the best information for assistance with comprehension. This Pathfinder will lead students to reliable sources in both areas.

This Pathfinder is aimed at high school students, specifically ninth graders, as the embark on a study of Shakespeare and prior to reading Romeo and Juliet. However, the

biographical information could be used with any high school student before reading Shakespeare.

Key Resources: Throughout this Pathfinder, four Key Resources will be identified in blue text. A key resource indicates that the entry is one of the most useful resources for

finding the information outlined.

3

Reference BooksFor general information on Shakespeare, general

encyclopedias are a good place to start. The following general encyclopedias provide information about the life and times of Shakespeare, his career as a poet and playwright,

and significant literary criticism.

General Encyclopedias

Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. (2003). Shakespeare, William. In The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. (Vol. 27, pp. 253-272). Chicago, IL: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. This is perhaps the most comprehensive of the print encyclopedias. What is helpful about this entry is the major concepts listed in the margins to help locate information. There is also information on selected film productions. The bibliography at the end provides strong additional resources.

Parrott, T. M. (1992). Shakespeare, William. In Collier’s Encyclopedia. (Vol. 20, pp. 632-641). New York, NY: Macmillan Educational Company.Shakespeare’s plays are broken down by category and discussed in terms of content and what they demonstrate about Shakespeare’s growth as a playwright. This entry also includes two interesting sections on portraits of Shakespeare and on editions of his work. There is also a section devoted to questions of authorship. No bibliographic information is included and a separate entry on his sonnets follows this entry. 4

Reference BooksSmith, H. (1993). Shakespeare, William. In The Encyclopedia Americana. (Vol. 24, pp. 652- 664). Danbury, CT: Grolier Inc.Information on poetry is limited in this entry. Shakespeare’s plays are categorized by the period in which they were written. There is information on each period with a list of plays from that period. Additional bibliographic information is provided and broken down by category.

Wadsworth, F. W. (1994). Shakespeare, William. In The World Book Encyclopedia. (Vol. 17, pp. 344-370). Chicago, IL: World Book, Inc. In addition to general information, this entry provides more detail regarding each of his plays. Information on his poetry and style is limited, but a list of study aids and additional resources in included at the end.

Online General Encyclopedia

William Shakespeare. (n.d.) In Wikipedia: The free encyclopedia. Retrieved on November 13, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare This online encyclopedic entry contains much of the same information as other encyclopedias on William Shakespeare. As an online encyclopedia, this entry is updated regularly with recent developments in the study of Shakespeare. Links available throughout the text, a comprehensive bibliography, and the links to external cites are extremely useful.

5

Reference Books

Subject encyclopedias will provide more in-depth information on Shakespeare, his specific works, and the people

and places in his life.

Subject Encyclopedias

Kastan, D. S. (Ed.). (2006). The Oxford encyclopedia of British literature. (Vol. 4). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.This encyclopedia, on all things related to British Literature, includes a number of articles on Shakespeare: the life, the history plays, the comedies, the tragedies, and the poems. Each article is separate and written by a different author, allowing the researcher to focus on his or her own topic. Not only is there specific information provided in each of these categories, each article contains information for further reading on the topic. 6













Photo courtesy of History of William Shakespeare

Reference Books Shakespeare is lucky to have a number of subject encyclopedias

dedicated solely to him. These subject encyclopedias are most useful with specific jargon and terminology. Once the researcher has

determined these from general encyclopedias and other texts, the subject encyclopedias will help with detailed information.

Campbell, O. J., & Quinn, E. G. (Eds.). (1966). The reader’s encyclopedia of Shakespeare. New York, NY: Thomas Y. Crowell Company.The Appendix in this encyclopedia is especially useful, with a chronology of events for Shakespeare, transcripts of documents, genealogical tables, and an extensive selected bibliography broken down into categories.

Dobson, M., & Wells, S. (2001). The Oxford companion to Shakespeare. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Some entries are pages long while others are only a few lines. In addition, some entries include citations at the end to help users find additional information.

Burt, R. (Ed.). (2007). Shakespeares after Shakespeare: An encyclopedia of the Bard in mass media and popular culture. (Vol. 1 & 2). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.This two volume encyclopedia will help those who want to include information on Shakespeare or his specific works as they apply to culture today. Articles within address modern adaptations of Shakespeare’s plays and adjustments to the original text. It also includes lines from Shakespeare and references to Shakespeare throughout modern culture. 7

Reference BooksOther reference books will be available in the reference

section of the library. They are not available for check-out, but will be useful in researching Shakespeare’s life and works.

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2007). Shakespeare: The essential guide to the life and works of the Bard. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. (PR 2892 .S55)This book is set up much like an encyclopedia. The entries are arranged alphabetically and include people, places, plays, etc. that are a part of Shakespeare’s life and works.

Monarch Press. (1983). A guide to Shakespeare’s best plays. New York, NY: Monarch Press. (PR 2987 .G84)The introduction of this book provides biographical information on Shakespeare. The rest of the book is devoted to Act/Scene summaries of his “best” plays and will help with information on Romeo and Juliet.

Scott, M. W. (Ed.). (1992). Shakespeare for students. Detroit, MI: Gale Research, Inc.

(PR 2987 .S47)The book provides critical interpretations of many of Shakespeare’s plays to help students make sense of what they are reading. Specifically, an in-depth, critical interpretation of Romeo and Juliet is useful in this source.

8Brevity is the soul of wit.

- Shakespeare

BooksFor information on Shakespeare’s life and works, books are the most comprehensive tool. Some books are devoted to biographical information, others focus on his writings, and

still others will incorporate this information with his literary works.

All three of the following books provide information on Shakespeare’s life and the time in which he wrote. Each also includes wonderful

graphics to enhance descriptions.

Cooper, T. (Ed.). (2006). Searching for Shakespeare. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. (PR 2931 .C667) Detailed biographical information on Shakespeare, including questions about his likeness and the authenticity of portraiture. There is wonderful information on the Elizabethan Theatre, as well as, important players of the time.

Rowse, A. L. (1977). Shakespeare the Elizabethan. New York, NY: G. P. Putnam’s Sons. (PR 2894 .R66)This book stands out from the crowd for those looking in-depth at the times in which Shakespeare wrote. It has the basics, but goes on to look at how the Era affected the literature and includes examples of this throughout.

Schoenbaum, S. (1979). Shakespeare the globe & the world. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. (PR 2933 .F64 .S3)There is a great deal of information on Shakespeare’s time in London and what was happening there during this time. Included is an entire section devoted to his major plays, including pictures from various productions.9

BooksThe three books listed below have short introductions with

biographical information on Shakespeare and information on the Elizabethan Era and the theatre. Each book then categorizes his

plays, much like is found in encyclopedias, and devotes chapters to these categories.

Barnet, S. (1974). A short guide to Shakespeare. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. (PR 2976 .B33)

Also included are chapters on Shakespeare’s poetry and other non-dramatic writings, staging Shakespeare, and film versions of his work.

Clarke, D. W. (1976). William Shakespeare. New York, NY: Longmans, Green and Co.

(PR 2899 .C53)Beyond an introduction to the plays in each category, Clarke use specific examples from plays to illustrate his points.

Wells, S. (1978). Shakespeare: The writer and his work. Longman, England: Longman Group. (PR 2894 .W44) In addition to the information on his life and plays, this book concludes with a chapter on Shakespeare’s influence worldwide.

10

BooksThe seven books listed below go into greater detail about Shakespeare,

his life, and the time in which he lived.

Levi, P. (1988). The life and times of William Shakespeare. London, England: Macmillan. (2894 .L48x)The eleven appendixes at the end of this book provide some additional interesting information on Shakespeare not found in many other texts.

Thomson, P. (1992). Shakespeare’s professional career. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. (PR 2907 .T48)

This book includes chapters devoted to Shakespeare’s role within the acting companies under the rule of the King at the time.

Wells, S. (2003). Shakespeare: For all time. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

(PR 2894 .W43)This is a superb resource for information on Shakespeare’s life and career. Information regarding his plays is woven throughout the text. The final chapter in this book looks at more recent developments in scholarship and Shakespeare’s influence worldwide.

Kermode, F. (2004). The age of Shakespeare. New York, NY: Modern Library. (PR 3095 .K466)

A wonderful resource on the times in which Shakespeare lived and wrote, with two chapters dedicated to the Globe Theatre.

Matus, I. L. (1994). Shakespeare, in fact. New York, NY: Continuum. (PR 2939 .M36)A book focused on answering the questions surrounding Shakespeare’s life and writings.

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BooksMay, R. (1974). Who was Shakespeare?: The man - the times - the works. New York, NY: St. Martin’s. (PR 2894 .M38)A book about Shakespeare, his life, and the questions that surround him. Two appendixes provide timelines of his life and his literature.

Schoenbaum, S. (1987). William Shakespeare: A compact documentary life. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. (PR 2894 .S33)An in-depth, comprehensive biographical sketch of Shakespeare.

Bloom, H. (1996). William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet (Bloom’s notes). Retrieved from

http://bibliotech.memphis.edu/search~S4?/twilliam+shakespeare%27s+romeo+and+juliet/twilliam+shakespeares+romeo+and+juliet/1%2C1%2C2%2CB/frameset&FF=twilliam+shakespeares+romeo+and+juliet&2%2C%2C2/indexsort=-This resource provides a biography of Shakespeare, summaries, a list of characters, analysis of theme and structure, and includes some critical views of the play.

12

All the world’s a stage, and all the men and

women merely players:

they have their exits and their entrances; and

one man in his time plays many parts, his acts

being seven stages. - Shakespeare

Classification NumbersIf the books provided are not what you are looking for, please use the following information to find the resources to fit your

needs.

Use the following subject headings when looking for information in books and academic journals.

13

Dewey Decimal Classification820 English and Old English

Literature821 English Poetry822 English Drama

Library of Congress ClassificationPN General LiteraturePR English Literature

Classic Catalog - BooksShakespeare William 1564-1616Shakespeare William 1564-1616 Romeo &

JulietShakespeare William 1564-1616 authorshipShakespeare William 1564-1616 Examinations

Study Guide

Database - Academic Journalssubject: William ShakespeareKeywords: biography, authorship, Romeo

and Juliet

Subject Headings

Academic Journals

Academic Journals provide some biographical information on Shakespeare; however, these articles are not nearly as

comprehensive as the information found in books and often focus on one aspect of his life or writings.

The article listed below provides some information on Shakespeare’s life, but is in no way complete and offers only a glimpse into part of

Shakespeare’s life.

Snyder, M. G. (2005). ‘All the world’s a stage’. Calliope, 15(8), 3-7. Retrieved on November 20, 2010, from InfoTrac Student Edition.This article begins when Shakespeare moves to London and briefly outlines his career until his death in 1616.

14This is the short and the long of it.

- Shakespeare

Academic JournalsEach of the articles listed below aims to answer the questions

surrounding authorship.

Gross, J. J. (2010). Denying Shakespeare: The 150-year history of conspiracy theorists and their effects to ‘prove’ that the man from Stratford was not the author himself. Commentary, 129(3), 38-44. Retrieved on November 17, 2010, from InfoTrac Student Edition.The history of the question of authorship is outlined. This article aims to authenticate Shakespeare’s authorship and claims any evidence to the contrary is a delusion.

Kastan, D. S. (2008). “To think these trifles some-thing”: Shakespearean playbooks and the claims of authorship. Shakespeare Studies, 36, 37-48. Retrieved on November 17, 2010, from InfoTrac Student Edition.This article addresses the claims of theorist Lukas Erne. Although Kastan sees the validity of recognizing the facts on which the theory is based, he is cautious to accept Erne’s conclusions.

Price, D. (2005). Shakespeare’s authorship and questions of evidence. Skeptic, 11(3) 10- 15. Retrieved on November 17, 2010, from InfoTrac Student Edition.This is one of the more comprehensive articles on the question of authorship, outlining many of the arguments on both sides.

Glazener, N. (2007). Print culture as an archive of dissent: Or, Delia Bacon and the case of the missing Hamlet. American Literary History, 19(2), 329-349. Retrieved on November 17, 2010 from ProjectMuse.Glazener nicely summarizes Delia Bacon’s theory on authorship. Although the play Hamlet is the one focused on in this article, it complements the information nicely and gives the researcher a clear understanding of Bacon’s claim.15

Websites

Websites are detailed resources for information on Shakespeare’s life and work. Those listed below provide comprehensive, reliable

information.

Folger Shakespeare Library. (n.d.). Discover Shakespeare. Retrieved from http://www.folger.eduThis section of the website provides comprehensive information on Shakespeare’s life, the times in which he wrote, and many of his works. The information is easy to access and use - not overwhelming for the user.

Shakespeare Resource Center. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://bardweb.net With brief section introductions, this website primarily serves as a list of resources.

Mr. William Shakespeare and the Internet. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://shakespeare.palomar.eduIntended to serve as an annotated list of resources available on the internet, this website provides a plethora of information. Although some is not entirely scholarly, that information is provided at the outset.

Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.shakespeare.org.uk This website has a great deal of information on the life, times, and works of Shakespeare, including a library and archive and educational resources. 16

Websites

Dulcinea Media, Inc. (n.d.). William Shakespeare’s life. Finding Dulcinea: Librarian of the Internet. Retrieved from

http://www.findingdulcinea.com/guides/Education/Shakespeare.html?xa=1This website not only provides information on all things Shakespeare, it acts as a resource list for any information regarding Shakespeare. The links to additional sites are reliable and useful.

University of Victoria. (n.d.). Shakespeare’s life and times: Home page. Internet Shakespeare Editions. Retrieved from http://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Library/SLT/intro/introsubj.html

This is one of the more comprehensive websites available on Shakespeare. The information is broken down into categories and easy to navigate. The internal links aid in ease of use and the external links provide additional reliable resources.

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I like this place and willingly could waste my time in it.

- Shakespeare

VHS and DVD

In search of Shakespeare. (2004). [Documentary]. United Sates: PBS.

Host Michael Wood explores the life and times of Shakespeare. In addition to an understanding of how the times in which he lived influenced his writing, viewers will learn about his life, family, friends, loves, losses, triumphs, and disasters.

The following are excellent video resources to engage students with Shakespeare’s biographical information.



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VHS and DVD

Dale, L. (Director). (2008). William Shakespeare. Classic Literature. [Documentary]. United States:

Kultur Video.

This documentary outlines Shakespeare’s life and discusses the effect the political and religious movements had on his work. In addition, this documentary looks at how his life and works continue to impact modern society.



19

VHS and DVD

Peer, M. (Director). (2007). The Shakespeare conspiracy. [Documentary]. United States: TMW Media Group.

Derek Jacobi, host, investigates the lives of William Shakespeare and Edward de Vere to determine authorship. In addition, the documentary looks at the scholars - some of whom refuse to acknowledge the facts in favor of their own vested interest in alternate theories.



In addition to the biographical documentaries on Shakespeare’s, there are also documentaries regarding the question of authorship. Below is one

of the more recent documentaries.

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VHS and DVDThe following is an interesting combination of documentary

and drama, following a group of actors as they rehearse Romeo and Juliet.



Waldman, M., Gething, A., Murdoch, E., & Hamann, P. (Producers), & Waldman, M. (Director). (2006). My Shakespeare: Romeo & Juliet for a new generation, with Baz Luhrmann. [Documentary]. United States: PBS.

Twenty amateur actors from a poor neighborhood in London attempt a production of Romeo and Juliet at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts in London. They are directed by Paterson Joseph and mentored by Baz Luhrmann, a well-known Australian film director. The documentary follows the group as the try to make sense of the themes and history behind Shakespeare’s play. This is a great resource for students struggling to makes sense of Shakespeare in modern society.

21

Television Mini-SeriesTelevision mini-series’s often allow directors to portray lives

in their entirety, rather than having to edit for time purposes. These are often easily broken down into sections and are

good for classroom use.



Cullingham, M., & Knights, R. (Directors). (2008). Will Shakespeare. [Television Series]. United States: A&E Home Video.

Tim Curry stars in this 1978 A&E mini-series. As with many productions, parts of Shakespeare’s personal life have been fictionalized for dramatic purposes. Despite any embellishments, the mini-series helps viewers understand Shakespeare in context, both historically and culturally.

22

Motion Pictures

Zeffirelli, F. (Director). (1968). Romeo and Juliet. [Motion Picture]. United States: Paramount.

In addition to winning Academy Awards for Best Cinematography and Best Costume Design, the film was also nominated for Best Director and Best Picture. Unlike previous film versions, Zefirelli cast unknown teenagers for the roles of Romeo and Juliet, more similar in age to Shakespeare’s characters. Despite much of Shakespeare’s dialogue being cut, this is continues to be considered one of the best productions of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet.



Major motion pictures of Shakespeare’s plays are readily available and often help students understand the language

and content of Shakespeare’s plays.

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Motion Pictures

Luhrmann, B., Martin, C., Martinelli, G., & Bilcock, J. (Producers), & Luhrmann, B. (Director). (1996). Romeo + Juliet. [Motion Picture]. United States: 20th Century Fox.

A modernized version of Romeo and Juliet, Buhrman sets the scene in New York City and uses guns rather than the swords more fitting to the original time period. Despite this modernization, Shakespeare’s original text is used. Some students are immediately turned off by the older cinematic versions, thinking they need a more recent movie to enjoy and relate. Although this may not be the best film, it certainly gets students interested and listening to Shakespeare’s language.



24

ReferencesBarnet, S. (1974). A short guide to Shakespeare. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.

Bloom, H. (1996). William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet (Bloom’s notes). Retrieved from http://bibliotech.memphis.edu/search~S4?/twilliam+shakespeare%27s+romeo+and+juliet/twilliam+shakespeares+romeo+and+juliet/1%2C1%2C2%2CB/frameset&FF=twilliam+shakespeares+romeo+and+juliet&2%2C%2C2/indexsort=-

Burt, R. (Ed.). (2007). Shakespeares after Shakespeare: An encyclopedia of the Bard in mass media and popular culture. (Vol. 1 & 2). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

Campbell, O. J., & Quinn, E. G. (Eds.). (1966). The reader’s encyclopedia of Shakespeare. New York, NY: Thomas Y. Crowell Company.

Clarke, D. W. (1976). William Shakespeare. New York, NY: Longmans, Green and Co.

Cooper, T. (Ed.). (2006). Searching for Shakespeare. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Cullingham, M., & Knights, R. (Directors). (2008). Will Shakespeare. [Television Series]. United States: A&E Home Video.

Dale, L. (Director). (2008). William Shakespeare. Classic Literature. [Documentary]. United States: Kultur Video.

Dobson, M., & Wells, S. (2001). The Oxford companion to Shakespeare. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Dulcinea Media, Inc. (n.d.). William Shakespeare’s life. Finding Dulcinea: Librarian of the Internet. Retrieved from http://www.findingdulcinea.com/guides/Education/Shakespeare.html?xa=1

25

ReferencesEncyclopedia Britannica. (2007). Shakespeare: The essential guide to the life and works of the Bard. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. (2003). Shakespeare, William. In The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. (Vol. 27, pp. 253-272). Chicago, IL: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.

Folger Shakespeare Library. (n.d.). Discover Shakespeare. Retrieved from http://www.folger.edu

Glazener, N. (2007). Print culture as an archive of dissent: Or, Delia Bacon and the case of the missing Hamlet. American Literary History, 19(2), 329-349. Retrieved on November 17, 2010 from ProjectMuse.

Gross, J. J. (2010). Denying Shakespeare: The 150-year history of conspiracy theorists and their effects to ‘prove’ that the man from Stratford was not the author himself. Commentary, 129(3), 38-44. Retrieved on

November 17, 2010, from InfoTrac Student Edition.

History of William Shakespeare. (2009). Retrieved on November 20, 2010, from http://shakespeare2006.net/

In search of Shakespeare. (2004). [Documentary]. United States: PBS.

Kastan, D. S. (Ed.). (2006). The Oxford encyclopedia of British literature. (Vol. 4). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Kastan, D. S. (2008). “To think these trifles some-thing”: Shakespearean playbooks and the claims of authorship. Shakespeare Studies, 36, 37-48. Retrieved on November 17, 2010, from InfoTrac Student

Edition.

Kermode, F. (2004). The age of Shakespeare. New York, NY: Modern Library.

Levi, P. (1988). The life and times of William Shakespeare. London, England: Macmillan. 26

ReferencesLuhrmann, B., Martin, C., Martinelli, G., & Bilcock, J. (Producers), & Luhrmann, B. (Director). (1996). Romeo + Juliet. [Motion Picture]. United States: 20th Century Fox.

Matus, I. L. (1994). Shakespeare, in fact. New York, NY: Continuum.

May, R. (1974). Who was Shakespeare?: The man - the times - the works. New York, NY: St. Martin’s.

Monarch Press. (1983). A guide to Shakespeare’s best plays. New York, NY: Monarch Press.

Mr. William Shakespeare and the Internet. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://shakespeare.palomar.edu

Parrott, T. M. (1992). Shakespeare, William. In Collier’s Encyclopedia. (Vol. 20, pp. 632-641). New York, NY: Macmillan Educational Company.

Peer, M. (Director). (2007). The Shakespeare conspiracy. [Documentary]. United States: TMW Media Group.

Price, D. (2005). Shakespeare’s authorship and questions of evidence. Skeptic, 11(3) 10-15. Retrieved on November 17, 2010, from InfoTrac Student Edition.

Rowse, A. L. (1977). Shakespeare the Elizabethan. New York, NY: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.

Schoenbaum, S. (1979). Shakespeare the globe & the world. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Schoenbaum, S. (1987). William Shakespeare: A compact documentary life. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Scott, M. W. (Ed.). (1992). Shakespeare for students. Detroit, MI: Gale Research, Inc.

Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.shakespeare.org.uk

27

ReferencesShakespeare Resource Center. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://bardweb.net

Smith, H. (1993). Shakespeare, William. In The Encyclopedia, Americana. (Vol. 24, pp. 652-664). Danbury, CT: Grolier Inc.

Snyder, M. G. (2005). ‘All the world’s a stage’. Calliope, 15(8), 3-7. Retrieved on November 20, 2010, from InfoTrac Student Edition.

Thomson, P. (1992). Shakespeare’s professional career. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

University of Victoria. (n.d.). Shakespeare’s life and times: Home page. Internet Shakespeare Editions. Retrieved from http://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Library/SLT/intro/introsubj.html

Wadsworth, F. W. (1994). Shakespeare, William. In The world book encyclopedia. (Vol. 17, pp. 344-370). Chicago, IL: World Book, Inc.

Waldman, M., Gething, A., Murdoch, E., & Hamann, P. (Producers), & Waldman, M. (Director). (2006). My Shakespeare: Romeo & Juliet for a new generation, with Baz Luhrmann. [Documentary]. United States: PBS.

Wells, S. (1978). Shakespeare: The writer and his work. Longman, England: Longman Group.

Wells, S. (2003). Shakespeare: For all time. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

William Shakespeare. (n.d.) In Wikipedia: The free encyclopedia. Retrieved on November 13, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare

William Shakespeare. (n.d.). Retrieved on November 18, 2010, from http://www.abm-enterprises.net/shakespeare.htm

Zeffirelli, F. (Director). (1968). Romeo and Juliet. [Motion Picture]. United States: Paramount.

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Documents

William Shakespeare & Romeo and Juliet Erin Starnes ICL 773 - Introduction to Bibliography Pathfinder Project November 21, 2010 Photo courtesy of abm-enterprises.net