PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LXV, Semester Genap, Tahun 2013/2014

LANDASAN TEORI PEMIKIRAN

WISATA VULKANOLOGI DI DIENG WONOSOBO

Tema Desain

Arsitektur Neo Vernakular

Fokus Kajian

Pengolahan Lansekap Pada Lahan Berkontur

Disusun oleh :

ADI PERMANA (09.11.0023)

Dosen Pembimbing

Dr.Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT NIDN 628126101

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

April 2014

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur

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PRAKATA

Puji Syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa penulis ucapkan, karena atas

berkat-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan proposal Proyek Akhir Arsitektur periode

65 tahu 2014/2015 dengan judul “Wisata Vulkanologi Di Dieng, Wonosobo” ini.

Terimakasih juga penulis ucapkan kepada pihak-pihak yang telah membantu

terwujudnya proposal ini:

1. Dr. Ir. VG Sri Rejeki, MT , atas bimbingan, dukungan, saran, dan

motivasi yang diberikan dalam Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 65 ini.

2. Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT , selaku dosen koordinator PAA 65.

3. Keluarga dan kerabat yang telah mendukung kelancaran penulis

dalam menyusun proposal ini, yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu per

satu.

Minimnya pengetahuan tentang sejarah kegunung apian serta

pengetahuan menarik yang belum banyak masyarakat tahu serta benda – benda

bersejarah yang tersebar secara liar tanpa pengawasan khusus dari dinas pariwisata

maupun para arkeolog.

Sumber air panas, merupakan sebuah potensi alam yang sangat

bermanfaat dan harus dikelola dengan benar sehingga dapat menjadi potensi wisata

tanpa harus terbuang sia – sia. Pemanfaatan sumber air panas alami ini dapat

mendorong masyarakat untuk mengawasi dan mengontrol distribusi air panas dari

sumber, sehingga dapat mengalir alami tanpa terkontaminasi zat lain.

.

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Akhir kata, penulis mohon maaf jika dalam penulisan dan penyusunan

proposal ini ada kata yang kurang berkenan. Harapan penulis, semoga proyek yang

diusulkan dalam proposal ini dapat bermanfaat, dan dapat memberikan kontribusi

secara akademik kepada pembaca.

Semarang, April 2014

Penulis

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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL .......................................................................................i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ..........................................................................ii

PRAKATA ....................................................................................................iii

DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................v

DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................vii

DAFTAR TABEL ..........................................................................................viii

BAB I. Pendahuluan .....................................................................................1

1.1. Latar Belakang Proyek Wisata Vulkanologi ........................................1

1.1.1. Urgensi .....................................................................................1

1.1.2. Kebutuhan (Need) ....................................................................2

1.1.3. Keterkaitan (Relevancy) ...........................................................2

1.1.4. Motivasi Pemilihan Judul ..........................................................3

1.2. Tujuan dan Sasaran ...........................................................................3

1.2.1. Tujuan ......................................................................................3

1.2.2. Sasaran ....................................................................................4

1.2.3. Manfaat dan Kontribusi .............................................................4

1.3. Lingkup Pembahasan .........................................................................5

1.4. Metoda Pembahasan .........................................................................6

1.4.1. Metoda Pengumpulan Data ......................................................6

1.4.2. Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisa .............................................6

1.4.3. Metoda Pemograman ...............................................................7

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1.4.4. Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ...............................................9

1.5. Sistematika Pembahasan ...................................................................10

BAB II. TINJAUAN PROJEK WISATA VULKANOLOGI ...............................15

2.1. Tinjauan Umum Projek Wisata Vulkanologi ......................................15

2.1.1. Gambaran Umum .....................................................................15

2.1.2. Latar Belakang Perkembangan Trend ......................................16

2.1.3. Sasaran Yang Akan Dicapai .....................................................18

2.2. Tinjauan Khusus Projek Kawasan Wisata Vulkanologi ......................19

2.2.1. Terminologi ...............................................................................19

2.2.2. Kegiatan ...................................................................................27

2.2.3. Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain .........................................31

2.2.4. Deskripsi Lokasi Projek ............................................................43

2.2.5. Studi Komparasi Projek Sejenis ...............................................48

2.2.6. Permasalahan Desain ..............................................................55

2.3. Kesimpulan, Batasan, dan Anggapan ................................................56

2.3.1. Kesimpulan ...............................................................................56

2.3.2. Batasan ....................................................................................74

2.3.3. Anggapan .................................................................................75

BAB III. ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ....................76

3.1. Analisa Pendekatan Kawasan ............................................................76

3.1.1. Analisa Konteks Lingkungan ....................................................76

3.1.2. Analisa Skenario Perencanaan Kawasan .................................86

3.1.3. Analisa Kondisi Sistem Sarana dan Prasarana ........................89

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3.2. Analisa Pendekatan Masing Masing Fungsi .......................................93

3.2.1. Studi Aktivitas ...........................................................................93

3.2.2. Studi Jumlah Pengelola Kawasan ............................................95

3.2.3. Studi Jumlah Pengunjung ........................................................97

3.2.4. Pola Kegiatan ...........................................................................99

3.2.5. Pembagian Zonasi ...................................................................104

3.2.6. Studi Fasilitas ...........................................................................105

3.2.7. Studi Preseden .........................................................................113

3.2.8. Studi Kebutuhan Luas ..............................................................118

3.2.9. Studi Citra Arsitektural ..............................................................134

3.3. Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ..............................................138

3.3.1. Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ........................................138

3.3.2. Studi Sistem Utilitas .................................................................142

3.3.2.1. Utilitas Khusus ............................................................142

3.3.2.2. Sistem Pencahayaan ..................................................144

3.3.2.3. Sistem Penghawaan ...................................................148

3.3.2.4. Sistem Keamanan ......................................................149

3.3.2.5. Sistem Plumbing dan Sanitasi ....................................157

3.3.2.6. Sistem Jaringan Listrik ................................................158

3.3.3. Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi ..................................................159

3.4. Analisa Konteks Lingkungan ..............................................................162

3.4.1. Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi .........................................................162

3.4.2. Alternatif Lokasi ........................................................................165

3.4.3. Analisa Pemilihan Tapak ..........................................................168

3.4.5. Analisa Pengolahan Lansekap Tapak ......................................174

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BAB IV. PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR .............................................................175

4.1. Program Kawasan ..............................................................................175

4.1.1. Konsep Program dan Tema Kawasan ......................................175

4.1.2. Tujuan, Faktor Penentu, dan Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan

...........................................................................................................178

4.1.3. Skenario Program Kawasan .....................................................181

4.1.4. Sarana dan Pra Sarana ............................................................185

4.2. Program Masing Masing Fungsi .........................................................187

4.2.1. Program Kegiatan ....................................................................187

4.2.1.1. Pola Aktifitas ...............................................................187

4.2.2. Program Besaran Ruang ..........................................................193

4.2.2.1. Zonasi Ruang .............................................................193

4.2.2.2. Konsep Ruang Luar ....................................................198

4.2.2.3. Konsep Ruang Dalam .................................................205

4.2.3. Program Sistem Struktur ..........................................................205

4.2.4. Program Sistem Utilitas ............................................................208

BAB V. KAJIAN TEORI ................................................................................221

5.1. Kajian Teori Tema Desain ..................................................................221

5.1.1. Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Tema Desain ..............221

5.1.2. Studi Preseden .........................................................................225

5.1.3. Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Tema Desain..........................234

5.2. Kajian Teori Permasalahn Dominan ...................................................235

5.2.1. Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Permasalahan Desain

...........................................................................................................235

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5.2.2. Studi Preseden .........................................................................237

5.2.3. Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Permasalahn Dominan ..........239

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .....................................................................................ix

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

BAB II

Gambar 2.1: Kolam Air Panas .....................................................................17

Gambar 2.2: Skema Vulkanologi .................................................................22

Gambar 2.3: Bagan Fungsi dan Kegiatan Utama Kunjungan Museum ........23

Gambar 2.4: Display di Dalam Museum Vulkanologi ...................................23

Gambar 2.5: Miniatur Gunung Merapi ..........................................................24

Gambar 2.6: Kolam Air Panas Outdoor .......................................................25

Gambar 2.7: Kolam Indoor (private) .............................................................26

Gambar 2.8: Struktur Organisasi .................................................................27

Gambar 2.9: Bagan Fungsi dan Kegiatan Penunjang ..................................36

Gambar 2.10: Bagan Fungsi dan Kegiatan Pemandian Air Panas ..............37

Gambar 2.11: Kolam Air Panas Khusus ......................................................39

Gambar 2.12: Kolam Indoor (private) ...........................................................40

Gambar 2.13: Pengolahan Limbah Cair .......................................................41

Gambar 2.14: Tabel Jumlah Wisatawan di Kabupaten Wonosobo ..............44

Gambar 2.15: Jumlah Pelaku Usaha Penunjang Pariwisata ........................45

Gambar 2.16: Peta Lokasi Kecamatan Mojotengah .....................................46

Gambar 2.17: Peta Lokasi Desa Mudal .......................................................47

Gambar 2.18: Museum Gunung Merapi .......................................................49

Gambar 2.19: Implementasi Desain Museum Gunung Merapi ....................49

Gambar 2.20: Pancuran Pada Pemandian Air Panas Guci .........................51

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Gambar 2.21: Vulcanology Centre, France ..................................................53

Gambar 2.22: Bird-eye-view Vulcanology Centre ........................................53

Gambar 2.23: Peta Lokasi Pemandian Air Panas Beppu ............................54

Gambar 2.24: Salah Satu Pemandian Air Panas di Beppu ..........................55

Gambar 2.25: Struktur Organisasi Pengelola ..............................................59

Gambar 2.26: Peta Lokasi Kecamatan Mojotengah di Kab.Wonosobo .......72

BAB III

Gambar 3.1: Peta Pembagian Kecamatan Kabupaten Wonosobo ..............76

Gambar 3.2: Peta Wisata Kawasan Dieng ...................................................77

Gambar 3.3: Analisa S-W-O-T .....................................................................80

Gambar 3.4: Kondisi Eksisting Tapak ..........................................................81

Gambar 3.5: Peta Topografi Kawasan Mudal ..............................................83

Gambar 3.6: Skenario Wisata Vulkanologi (Makro) .....................................86

Gambar 3.7: Skenario Wisata Vulkanologi (Mikro) ......................................88

Gambar 3.8: Peta Ketersediaan Jaringan Listrik..........................................90

Gambar 3.9: Peta Ketersediaan Air Bersih ..................................................92

Gambar 3.10: Tabel Jumlah Wisatawan di Kabupaten Wonosobo ..............97

Gambar 3.11: Bagan Alir Pola Aktifitas Utama ............................................99

Gambar 3.12: Bagan Alir Pola Aktifitas Pengunjung ....................................100

Gambar 3.13: Bagan Pola Alir Aktifitas Wisata Museum Vulkanologi ..........101

Gambar 3.14: Bagan Alir Pola Aktifitas Pemandian Air Panas ....................102

Gambar 3.15: Pola Hubungan Ruang dan Alur Sirkulasi .............................103

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Gambar 3.16: Konsep Perancangan Perspektif Interior Museum Gunung

Merapi, Sleman ............................................................................................105

Gambar 3.17: Penampang Lantai Dasar Museum .......................................107

Gambar 3.18: Implementasi Interior Lantai Dasar Museum .........................107

Gambar 3.19: Serbuk Fosfor........................................................................108

Gambar 3.20: Macam – Macam Perpaduan Fosfor Dengan Cat/Pewarna ..108

Gambar 3.21: Magic Fountain of Mountjuic, Barcelona ...............................109

Gambar 3.22: Volcano Fountain ..................................................................109

Gambar 3.23: Planar LCD PS5580 ..............................................................110

Gambar 3.24: Penampang Lantai 1 Museum ..............................................111

Gambar 3.25: Replika Gunung Merapi di Museum Gunung Merapi ............111

Gambar 3.26: Penaampang Lantai 2 Museum ............................................112

Gambar 3.27: Salah Satu Hall di Museum Gunung Merapi .........................112

Gambar 3.28: Pintu Masuk Ke Hall Utama ..................................................113

Gambar 3.29: Hall Utama Museum Gunung Merapi, Sleman ......................113

Gambar 3.30: Tampak Depan Museum Saat Hari Minggu ..........................114

Gambar 3.31: Media Interaktif Berupa TV Sekaligus Display CCTV ............115

Gambar 3.32: Media Interaktif Berupa Poster pada Hall Utama ..................115

Gambar 3.33: Void Pada Hall Utama ...........................................................116

Gambar 3.34: Replika Gunung Merapi ........................................................116

Gambar 3.35: Penunjuk Alur Sirkulasi di Dalam Museum ...........................117

Gambar 3.36: Joglo Sebagai Elemen Neo Vernakular ................................135

Gambar 3.37: Joglo Di Alun – Alun Wonosobo ............................................136

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Gambar 3.38: Penerapan Joglo Pada Bangunan Resort ............................136

Gambar 3.39: Penerapan Joglo Pada Tepi Kolam .......................................137

Gambar 3.40: Ornamen Tradisional Jawa ..................................................137

Gambar 3.41: Penerapan Space Frame Pada Mall .....................................138

Gambar 3.42: Detail Batang Space Frame ..................................................139

Gambar 3.43: Struktur Rangka Kayu Pada Joglo ........................................139

Gambar 3.44: Variasi Bentuk Struktur Joglo ................................................140

Gambar 3.45: Penerapan Dinding Batu Bata Ekspos ..................................141

Gambar 3.46: Contoh Beberapa tipe Nozzle ...............................................142

Gambar 3.47: Aneka Jenis Nozzle ...............................................................143

Gambar 3.48: Pompa Submersible Air Mancur Kecil ...................................143

Gambar 3.49: Pompa Air Mancur Pada Kolam ............................................144

Gambar 3.50: Pompa Air Panas UPS series 100 ........................................144

Gambar 3.51: Macam – Macam Sistem Pencahayaan ................................145

Gambar 3.52: Bebagai Macam Ukuran Lampu TL - UV ..............................146

Gambar 3.53: Nyala Lampu UV ...................................................................146

Gambar 3.54: Efek Glow In The Dark Pada Cairan .....................................147

Gambar 3.55: Beberapa Tipe Exhaust Fan .................................................148

Gambar 3.56: Bagian – Bagian APAR .........................................................151

Gambar 3.57: Jenis –Jenis Kebakaran APAR .............................................152

Gambar 3.58: Prosedur Penggunaan APAR ...............................................152

Gambar 3.59: Jenis – Jenis APAR ...............................................................153

Gambar 3.60: Penampang Hydrant .............................................................154

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Gambar 3.61: Komponen Sprinkle ...............................................................155

Gambar 3.62: Komponen CCTV ..................................................................156

Gambar 3.63: Contoh Sistem Plumbing dan Sanitasi ..................................157

Gambar 3.64: Skema Jaringan Listrik ..........................................................158

Gambar 3.65: Sistem Penyaluran WiFi ........................................................159

Gambar 3.66: Penerapan LCD Pada Dinding ..............................................160

Gambar 3.67: Panel LCD Planar Clarity Multi Touch ...................................161

Gambar 3.68: Contoh Multi Touch Pada Planar LCD ..................................161

Gambar 3.69: Peta Administratif Kabupaten Wonosobo ..............................163

Gambar 3.70: Lokasi Terpilih, Mudal, Kecamatan Mojotengah....................164

Gambar 3.71: Lokasi Alternatif 1, Kec.Wonosobo .......................................165

Gambar 3.72: Lokasi Alternatif 2, Garung ....................................................166

Gambar 3.73: Masterplan Lokasi Terpilih dan Lokasi Alternatif ...................167

Gambar 3.74: Peta Lokasi Terpilih ...............................................................169

Gambar 3.75: Konsisi Tapak Terpilih ...........................................................170

Gambar 3.76: Peta Lokasi Alternatif Tapak 1 ..............................................171

Gambar 3.77: Foto Eksisting Alternative Tapak 1 ........................................172

Gambar 3.78: Foto Eksisting Alternative Tapak 2 ........................................173

BAB IV

Gambar 4.1: Ukiran Kerajaan Mataram .......................................................176

Gambar 4.2: Bagan Pembagian Langgam ..................................................176

Gambar 4.3: Skenario Wisata Dieng Plateau ..............................................181

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Gambar 4.4: Skenario Wisata Vulkanologi ..................................................183

Gambar 4.5: Paket Wisata Vulkanologi .......................................................185

Gambar 4.6: Bagan Pola Aktifitas Utama ....................................................191

Gambar 4.7: Bagan Pola Aktifitas Fasilitas Penunjang ................................191

Gambar 4.8: Bagan Pola Aktifitas Wisata Museum Vulkanologi ..................192

Gambar 4.9: Bagan Pola Aktifitas Pemandian Air Panas ............................192

Gambar 4.10: Kolam Air Panas Outdoor .....................................................199

Gambar 4.11: Contoh Kolam Outdoor Untuk Anak - Anak ...........................200

Gambar 4.12: Kolam Khusus .......................................................................201

Gambar 4.13: Contoh Seating Group ..........................................................203

Gambar 4.14: Grass Block ...........................................................................204

Gambar 4.15: Contoh Desain Teater Terbuka .............................................205

Gambar 4.16: Space Frame ........................................................................206

Gambar 4.17: Struktur Rangka Kayu (Atap Joglo) .......................................207

Gambar 4.18: Macam – Macam Sistem Pencahayaan ................................208

Gambar 4.19: Berbagai Macam Lampu TL - UV ..........................................210

Gambar 4.20: Nyala Lamupu UV .................................................................210

Gambar 4.21: Bebebrapa Tipe Exhaust Fan ...............................................211

Gambar 4.22: APAR ....................................................................................213

Gambar 4.23: Cara Menggunakan APAR ....................................................214

Gambar 4.24: Sign (Tanda) Untuk APAR ....................................................214

Gambar 4.25: Penampang Hydrant .............................................................215

Gambar 4.26: Tipe Sprinkle .........................................................................216

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Gambar 4.27: Komponen CCTV ..................................................................217

Gambar 4.28: Penerapan LCD Pada Dinding ..............................................219

Gambar 4.29: Contoh Pemakaian Multi Touch Pada Planar LCD ...............220

BAB V

Gambar 5.1: Ornamen Tradisional Jawa .....................................................222

Gambar 5.2: Ukiran Keraajaan Mataram ....................................................223

Gambar 5.3: Ukiran Kerajaan Pajajaran ......................................................223

Gambar 5.4: Museum Gunung Merapi .........................................................225

Gambar 5.5: Pintu Masuk Hall Utama ..........................................................226

Gambar 5.6: Hall Utama Museum Gunung Merapi, Sleman ........................226

Gambar 5.7: Tampak Depan Museum Saat Hari Minggu ............................227

Gambar 5.8: Media Interaktif Berupa TV .....................................................228

Gambar 5.9: Media Interaktif Berupa Poster Pada Hall Utama ....................228

Gambar 5.10: Salah Satu Lorong di MGM ...................................................227

Gambar 5.11: Kolam Tradisional di Guci .....................................................231

Gambar 5.12: Kolam Modern di Guci ...........................................................231

Gambar 5.13: Kolam Modern (Whirpool) di Guci .........................................232

Gambar 5.14: Vulcanology Centre, France ..................................................233

Gambar 5.15: Bird Eye View Vulcanology Center ........................................233

Gambar 5.16: Interior Lantai Dasar (Kiri), Interior Lantai Dua (Kanan) ........234

Gambar 5.17: Metode Cut and Fill ...............................................................235

Gambar 5.18: Gambar A (Split Level), Gambar B (Sengkedan) ..................236

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Gambar 5.19: Split Level .............................................................................236

Gambar 5.20: Rwanda’s Furniture Making Intitution ....................................237

Gambar 5.21: River View House Design .....................................................238

Gambar 5.22: Pemanfaatan Kontur Sebagai Tangga ..................................238

Gambar 5.23: Pemanfaatan Kontur Sebagai Taman ...................................238

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DAFTAR TABEL

BAB III

Tabel III.1: Koefisien Luas Bangunan (KLB) ................................................84

Tabel III.2: Koefisien Ketinggian Bangunan (KKB).......................................84

Tabel III.3: Koefisien Guna Bangunan .........................................................84

Tabel III.4: Studi Aktifitas Pengunjung (Utama) ...........................................93

Tabel III.5: Studi Aktifitas Pengunjung (Penunjang) .....................................94

Tabel III.6: Studi Aktifitas Pengelola ............................................................94

Tabel III.7: Studi Aktifitas Karyawan ............................................................95

Tabel III.8: Studi Jumlah Pengelola Kawasan ..............................................95

Tabel III.9: Kebutuhan Ruang : Fasilitas Kantor Pengelola ..........................119

Tabel III.10: Kebutuhan Ruang : Museum Vulkanologi ................................121

Tabel III.11: Kebutuhan Ruang : Pemandian Air Panas ...............................123

Tabel III.12: Kebutuhan Ruang : Fasilitas Pengunjung ................................127

Tabel III.13: Jenis – Jenis Lampu dan Spesifikasinya ..................................147

BAB IV

Tabel IV.1: Program Kegiatan Pengunjung (Utama) ....................................187

Tabel IV.2: Program Kegiatan Penunjang ....................................................188

Tabel IV.3: Program Kegiatan Pengelola .....................................................189

Tabel IV.4: Program Kegiatan Karyawan .....................................................189

Tabel IV.5: Besaran Ruang Pengelola .........................................................193

Tabel IV.6: Besaran Ruang Museum ...........................................................193

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Tabel IV.7: Besaran Ruang Pemandian Air Panas ......................................194

Tabel IV.8: Besaran Ruang Fasilitas Penunjang..........................................194

Tabel IV.9: Total Luas Lahan .......................................................................197

Tabel IV.10: Jenis Lampu dan Spesifikasinya .............................................209

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