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WORLD OF BUTTERFLIES 1992-2002 PETER HOLST HENCKEL TEKST AF / TEXT BY ANDREAS BRØGGER

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Page 1: WORLD OF BUTTERFLIES - Peter Holst Henckelholsthenckel.dk/pdf/Butterflies_web_A4_.pdf · The World of Butterflies series comprises an encyclopaedic ... Vietnam, October 1972. PETER

WORLD OF

BUTTERFLIES1992-2002

PETER HOLST HENCKEL

TEKST AF / TEXT BY

ANDREAS BRØGGER

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PETER HOLST HENCKEL / Wor ld of Butterf l ies

World of Butterflies1992-2002

Serien World of Butterflies fremstår som en encyclopædisk billedsamling af 68 sommerfugle fra alle dele af kloden. I hver enkelt sommerfugl tegner sig billedet af faktiske historiske begivenheder, der har fundet sted i netop det geo grafiske område, hvori den pågældende sommerfugl har sin udbredelse. Det giver et foruroligende dobbeltsyn, hvor skønhed og gru, kunst og virkelighed smelter sammen. Serien består af 68 print med archival ink på bomulds papir i formatet 50 × 40 cm.

The World of Butterflies series comprises an encyclopaedic collection of prints of 68 butterflies from every part of the world. Each butterfly image incorporates a picture of his-torical events that have taken place in the part of the world from which the butterfly comes, producing a disturbing double vision in which beauty and horror, art and reality become one.

The series consists of 68 prints in the format 50 × 40 cm. Printed with archival ink on cotton paper.

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PETER HOLST HENCKEL / Wor ld of Butterf l ies

World of Butterflies, Fig. 24

1992-2002

50 × 40 cm

Archival ink on cotton paper

Fig. 20

PaPilio amPhrysusSpec imen: Be i j ing , Ch ina , June 1989

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PETER HOLST HENCKEL / Wor ld of Butterf l ies

World of Butterflies, Fig. 43

1992-2002

50 × 40 cm

Archival ink on cotton paper

Fig. 43

PaPilio PhiloxenosSpec imen: Quang Tr i , V ie tnam, October 1972

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PETER HOLST HENCKEL / Wor ld of Butterf l ies

FLOAT LIKE A BUTTERFLY, STING LIKE A BEEAf Andreas Brøgger

I en berømt udtalelse koblede den amerikanske militær-nægter og verdensmester i sværvægtsboksning Muham-mad Ali sommerfuglens måde at flyve på, letheden i dens spektakulære vingeslag, med biens lynsnare, gennembo-rende stik. Alis metaforiske beskrivelse af sine egne evner som bokser, kunne også gælde for Peter Holst Henckels billedserie World of Butterflies. Vores blik fanges med det samme ind af sommerfuglevingernes smukke variationer i farver og mønstre, men idet vi er fanget ind, spiddes vi af den politiske virkelighed, der kommer til syne: stats-kuppet i Chile i 1973, Rote Armee Fraktions gidselstagning i 1977, Ayatollah Khomeinis ankomst til Teheran i 1979, studenteroprøret på Tian-an Minh-Square i Peking i 1989, terrorangrebene i New York i 2001. Peter Holst Henckel kæder sommerfuglene sammen med politiske begivenheder, der i historiens løb har ud-foldet sig i de enkelte sommerfugles naturlige geografi-ske omgivelser. Vi får sommerfuglens latinske betegnelse, tillige med tid- og stedsangivelse: Nymphalis polychloros: Jerusalem, Israel, September 1961 eller Agraulis vanillae: Dal-las, USA, November 1963. Det er næsten, som om sommer-fuglens tilfangetagelse, ombringelse og bevaring var at sidestille med det klik, hvormed fotografen tager nutiden til fange og fængsler øjeblikket for eftertiden. I World of Butterflies sættes naturens geografiske varia-tioner i forhold til tidernes skiftende billeder. Evolution over for revolution. Naturens fremskridt over for de histo-riske fejltrin og tilbageskridt. Peter Holst Henckel forsky-der disse begrebers betydninger med sine dobbelttydige sommerfugletavler. Den smukke naturs usentimentale udvælgelse over for billederne af den grufulde politiske

FLOAT LIKE A BUTTERFLY, STING LIKE A BEEBy Andreas Brøgger

In a famous statement, the American conscientious ob-jector and world champion heavyweight boxer Muham-mad Ali compared the way that a butterfly flies, its light-ness and spectacular wing strokes, with the lightning-fast, penetrating sting of a bee. Ali's metaphorical description of his own abilities as a boxer might equally apply to Pe-ter Holst Henckel's series of pictures, the World of Butter-flies. Our eyes are immediately drawn to the beautiful co-lours and patterns of the butterflies' wings, but the moment our attention is seized, we are pierced by the political reality then appearing: The coup in Chile in 1973, a hostage-taking by the Red Army Faction in 1977, Ayatol-lah Khomeini's arrival in Teheran in 1979, the student re-bellion in Tiananmen square in Beijing in 1989, the terro-rist attacks in New York in 2001. Peter Holst Henckel links the butterflies with political events which have unfolded in the course of history in the natural geographical habitats of the various butterfly species. We are given the butterflies' Latin names, to-gether with a time and date, such as Nymphalis polychlo-ros: Jerusalem, Israel, September 1961 or, Agraulis vanillae: Dallas, USA, November 1963. It is almost as though, the capture, death and preservation of the butterflies is paral-leled by the click with which the photographer captures the present and preserves a particular moment for poste-rity. The World of Butterflies juxtaposes the geographical di-versity of nature with the changing images of the times; evolution with revolution; the progress of Nature with the stumbling or backward steps of history. Holst Henckel displaces the significance of these concepts through his

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PETER HOLST HENCKEL / Wor ld of Butterf l ies

World of Butterflies, Fig. 41

1992-2002

50 × 40 cm

Archival ink on cotton paper

Fig. 41

PaPilio helenaSpec imen: Negev, I s rae l , October 1948

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PETER HOLST HENCKEL / Wor ld of Butterf l ies

udryddelse, der kalder på vores medfølelse. Kun i kraft af Holst Henckels omhyggelige justering af de to billeders indbyrdes forhold bliver vores dobbeltsyn muligt: det politiske billedes gradvise tilsynekomst midt i sommerfuglens farver og tegninger, der fastholdes, selv når vi har opdaget de budskaber, der ligger gemt i dem. Sommerfuglens kontur danner i alle tilfælde rammen for det politiske billede. Vi ser den politiske begivenhed "igennem" sommerfuglen, næsten som om sommerfuglen er et vidne, der fra naturens hold viser os billeder af vores voldsomme politiske kultur. Sommerfuglens kontur udgør en slags "optik", den er det objektiv, der giver os indblik i begivenhederne. Men sommerfuglens stivnede form til-lader alligevel sjældent et perfekt overblik over hændel-serne, tværtimod giver den os kun et begrænset billede, mest radikalt i for eksempel fig. 20, fig. 28, fig. 38, fig. 59 eller fig. 78. Resten må vi tænke os til, og det er vel netop pointen - kun at antyde, og dermed anspore til eftertan-ke. Selvom Peter Holst Henckel i samtlige tavler i World of Butterflies har føjet to billeder sammen, sommerfuglen og mediebilledet, er resultatet i hver enkelt tavle ganske sær-egent; - fordi sommerfuglene er forskellige, ligesom det dokumentariske materiale er det. I visse tilfælde er det, som om de to billeder befrugter hinanden, som i fig. 43, hvor sommerfuglens form og farveovergange øger Viet-nambilledets rædsel, mens den blodrøde farve i fig. 54 symboliserer Presidente Allendes endeligt. I andre tilfæl-de fungerer sommerfuglens farver og tegninger nærmest som camouflage af det dokumentariske billede, der ligger gemt i de utallige skæl (se fig. 27, fig. 28, fig. 32, fig. 50, fig. 75 eller fig. 88). I andre tilfælde (som i fig. 17 og fig. 21) er det til gengæld, som om sommerfuglens "øjne" kigger ud på os, skræmte over det, der udfolder sig, som for at af-læse vores reaktion. Andetsteds (som i fig. 24) bliver øj-nene "onde" som det menneskesyn, de nazistiske forbry-delser bygger på.

ambivalent butterfly posters, contrasting the unsentimen-tal selection process of beautiful Nature with images of cruel political liquidation that call forth our compassion. This double vision is made possible by Holst Henckel's careful manipulation of the mutual relationship between the two images: the political picture gradually emerges from amid the butterfly's colours and patterns, which re-main with us even after we have discovered the hidden messages they conceal. In each case, the butterfly's con-tours form a frame for the political picture. We see the political event "through" the butterfly - almost as though it were a witness to our violent political culture, revealing it to us on Nature's behalf. The butterfly's form thus com-prises a kind of viewing instrument, a lens that provides us with insight into these events. Nonetheless, the stiff-ened form of the butterfly rarely permits us to see these events with perfect clarity; on the contrary, it gives us only a limited picture, most obviously in figs. 20, 28, 38, 59 and fig. 78. The rest is up to our imagination - and that, presumably is the whole point: to suggest, and thereby to encourage reflection. Although Holst Henckel uses the same technique of combining two images, a butterfly and a media photo-graph, in every one of the pictures in the World of Butter-flies, the results are surprisingly varied, thanks to the great diversity presented by both the butterflies and the docu-mentary material. At times it is as though the two images cross-fertilise each other, as in fig. 43, in which the but-terfly's shape and blending colours magnify the sense of horror in the Vietnam picture, while the blood-red colour of fig. 54 symbolises the fate of President Allende. At other times, the butterfly's colours and patterns seem al-most to camouflage the documentary picture, which lies concealed in innumerable fragments (see figs. 27, 28, 32, 50, 75 and 88). In yet other instances (e.g. figs. 17 and 21) it is as though the butterfly's "eyes" are looking out at us, frightened by what is occurring, and seeking to gauge our

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PETER HOLST HENCKEL / Wor ld of Butterf l ies

Peter Holst Henckel, World of Butterflies 1992-2002, installationview, Arken, fotograf/photographer Torben Eskerod.

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PETER HOLST HENCKEL / Wor ld of Butterf l ies

Vingernes farver og tegninger forbliver gerne synlige, som et spinkelt lag, der ligger hen over det dokumentari-ske billede. Sommerfuglen er som et filter, der gør, at vi ser de politiske begivenheder med begreber som skøn-hed, forgængelighed, natur, evolution, artsbestemmelse, på nethinden. Begreber, der forskyder sig i forhold til det, vi normalt forbinder med dem inden for en afgrænset æstetisk eller videnskabelig sammenhæng. Her går kun-sten i dialog med det politiske, idet den blander både sin egen, mediernes og naturvidenskabens præsentations-form: den anskuelighed og verdensomspændende syste-matik, der kendetegner World of Butterflies, er en pastiche på den naturvidenskabelige æstetik. Klarheden i de pæ-dagogiske plancher (nummereret fra fig. 1 til fig. 116) for-styrres, omstyrtes af den politiske vold, som serien samti-dig kortlægger. Vi mister det logiske overblik, og vores æstetiske blik, der gerne lægger sig til rette på sommer-fuglens smukke vinger, bliver rettet mod os selv, når først det politiske billede bryder frem. På den måde viser World of Butterflies os de forskellige måder, hvorpå vi selv ser.

This great purple butterfly,In the prison of my hands,Has a learning in his eyeNot a poor fool understands.1

Sommerfuglen er enestående, fordi dens livscyklus består af fire stadier: en metamorfose fra æg (ovum) til larve (larva) til puppe (pupa) og endelig til færdig sommerfugl (imago). På samme måde kan vi sige, at den politiske be-givenhed altid også gennemgår en række stadier, og til-med ofte ender som imago, begivenheden forvandles til et billede, der cirkulerer i mediernes offentlighedsrum. Med mindre der er tale om en døgnflue, bliver mediebil-ledet et referencepunkt, det bliver måske ligefrem indbe-grebet af Vietnamkrigens rædsler eller mordet på J.F. Ken-

reaction, while elsewhere again (such as in fig. 24) the eyes become "evil", like the view of humanity expressed through Nazi crimes. The colours and patterns of the wings remain con-stantly visible as a slender layer laid across the documen-tary picture. The butterfly is like a filter that causes us to view the political events through the prism of such con-cepts as beauty, fragility, Nature, evolution, identification - concepts that are displaced here in relation to what we would normally associate with them in the narrow confi-nes of aesthetics or science. Art here enters into dialogue with politics, inasmuch as it blends its own mode of pre-sentation with that of the media and science: the appa-rent lucidity and the global classification systems that characterise the World of Butterflies form a pastiche on scientific aesthetics. The clarity of the educational posters (numbered from fig. 1 to fig. 116) is disrupted and subver-ted by the political violence that the series also depicts. We lose the logical thread, and our aesthetic vision, which would like to rest upon the beautiful wings of the butter-fly, is turned back on ourselves as the political image emerges. In this way, the World of Butterflies reveals to us the various ways in which we ourselves see the world.

This great purple butterfly,In the prison of my hands,Has a learning in his eyeNot a poor fool understands.1

The butterfly is a unique creature, because its life cycle consists of four stages: a metamorphosis from the egg (ovum) to the larva, then to the pupa, and finally to the mature butterfly (imago). Similarly, we could say that a political event also undergoes a series of stages, finally becoming an imago, an event which is transformed into a picture circulating in the public sphere of the media. Un-

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PETER HOLST HENCKEL / Wor ld of Butterf l ies

nedy, på samme måde som en enkelt aflivet sommerfugl, der lægges i en montre, skal repræsentere den mangfol-dighed af faktiske, levende eksemplarer, der eksisterer på et givet sted. Sommerfuglen er en velvalgt metafor. Den uendelige variation på sommerfuglenes vinger skyldes "sommerfug-lestøvet" eller, med et mindre poetisk udtryk, det utal af bittesmå skæl, hvis indbyrdes forskydninger skaber de fantastiske farver og mønstre, vi ser. De metalliske refleks-farver hos nogle sommerfugle afhænger helt af lysets brydning i skællene, og ændrer således karakter afhængig af den vinkel, hvorfra vi ser vingerne. Den visuelle kommunikation, der kendetegner som-merfuglens imago-stadie, og som udfolder sig på vinger-nes forholdsmæssigt store areal, tjener til camouflage el-ler til at skræmme fjender væk, særligt de formationer, der hos visse eksemplarer danner "øjne" på vingerne. I nutidens mediebårne offentlighed har den visuelle kom-munikation opnået en lignende funktion. Billedmedierne er i dag en afgørende faktor i krigsførelse, som det frem-går dels af terrorismens spredning af frygt i kraft af medi-ernes eksponering, dels af den seneste golfkrig, hvor vi kunne se direkte reality-tv fra krigen i ørkenen som en form for afledningsmanøvre i forhold til den stramme censur og iscenesættelse, der fandt sted på de øvre ni-veauer i de stridende parters kommunikation med offent-ligheden. Vietnamkrigen var som den første tv-transmitterede krig en milepæl i både medie- og militærhistorien, et vid-nesbyrd om, at vores bevidsthed om - og holdning til - af-gørende historiske begivenheder gerne har en markant visuel dimension. Hvem glemmer synet af Hanoi, Vietnam, March 1965 (fig. 52), Saigon, Vietman, December 1968 (fig. 17), Quang Tri, Vietnam, October 1972 (fig. 43)? World of Butteflies rummer et utal af billeder fra begi-venheder i den tredje verden, der kan foranledige os til at tro, at det kaotiske er tæt knyttet til det eksotiske. At det

less the event is a trivial one, the media image may then become a point of reference, perhaps even a symbol of the horror of Vietnam or the murder of John F. Kennedy, in the same way that a single dead butterfly lying in a case may stand for a multitude of real, living creatures in a particular place. The butterfly is a well-chosen metaphor. The infinite variety of butterfly wings is caused by "butterfly dust" or, with a less poetic expression, innumerable tiny flakes whose placement relative to each other creates the fanta-stic colours and patterns we see. The metallic, reflected colours we see in some butterflies are produced by the way the light is refracted by these flakes, and thus alter depending on the angle from which we see them. The visual communication characterising the butter-fly's imago stage, which is displayed on the relatively large area of the wings, serves as camouflage or as a device to frighten off enemies - particularly in the kind of patterns that form "eyes" on the wings of certain species. A similar role is played by visual communication in today's media-borne public space. The visual media now play a crucial role in warfare, as we have seen in the way terrorism can spread fear via media exposure, and in connection with the last Gulf War, where live reality TV from the desert war functioned as a kind of diversion in relation to the tight censorship and media control that governed the of-ficial communications emanating from the upper ranks of the parties to the conflict. The Vietnam War was the first war to be broadcast on TV - a milestone in the history of both the media and the military, and a testament to our need to establish a visual dimension in our awareness of and attitude to decisive historical events. Who could forget the sight of Hanoi, Vietnam, March 1965 (fig. 52), Saigon, Vietnam, December 1968 (fig. 17), or Quang Tri, Vietnam, October 1972 (fig. 43)? The World of Butterflies contains a plethora of images depicting events in the Third World, which might lead us

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PETER HOLST HENCKEL / Wor ld of Butterf l ies

World of Butterflies, Fig. 35

1992-2002

50 × 40 cm

Archival ink on cotton paper

Fig. 35

aPoria CrataegoSpec imen: Anz io , I ta l y, January 1944

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PETER HOLST HENCKEL / Wor ld of Butterf l ies

eksotiske (græsk exo: uden for) kan virke fremmed for os, og alligevel være højst hjemligt, viser imidlertid de ek-semplarer i serien, der er hentet fra Danmark: Nymphalis antiopa: Copenhagen, Denmark, May 1993 (fig. 90) og Par-nassius mnemosyne: Roskilde, Denmark, June 1996 (fig. 105). Sådan ser vores verdensbillede måske ud i dag: det ekso-tiske har langt mindre med geografisk afstand at gøre end med personlig distance, langt mindre med klimaforskelle og strålende farverigdom at gøre end med kulturel af-standtagen og bekendelse af politisk kulør. Med World of Butterflies undersøger Peter Holst Henc-kel vores fascination af det fremmedartede, og det ver-denssyn, der ligger til grund for trangen til at bestemme og fæstne det, der arter sig fremmed. Serien ligger såle-des i forlængelse af hans løbende interesse for det de-struktive snit i både natur- og kulturvidenskabernes histo-riske klassifikationer, erkendelsen af, at opdelinger ofte også er lig med udelukkelser, nedslag og indgreb i det, der kortlægges. De første eksemplarer fra World of Butterflies stammer fra 1992, hvor enkelte af tavlerne indgik i et udstillings-projekt med titlen Dr. Merkwürdigliebe. Projektet bestod af tre udstillinger vist i forlængelse af hinanden over en må-ned i Baghuset på Nørrebro, et galleri som Holst Henckel drev sammen med andre studerende fra Det Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi. Den første af de tre udstillinger bestod af et tableau med dyreskind og andre jagttrofæer, en model af et sejlskib, en safaristol, kikkert og tropehat, landkort og forskellige dobbelttydige videnskabelige plan-cher, der er beslægtet med dem, vi ser i World of Butter-flies. Peter Holst Henckel koblede Dr. Merkwürdigliebes fascination af det eksotiske sammen med en destruktiv impuls, der var inspireret af Peter Sellers krampagtige Dr. Strangelove fra Stanley Kubricks film af samme navn fra 1964. Med samme uundgåelighed, som Dr. Stangeloves arm forsøger at hæve sig heilende fra kørestolen, var der også en refleks i retning af overherredømme i Dr. Mer-

to believe that the chaotic has close links with the exotic. However, the exotic (from the Greek exo, meaning "outsi-de") can seem both alien and at the same time highly fa-miliar, as illustrated by the images that originate in Den-mark: Nymphalis antiopa: Copenhagen, Denmark, May 1993 (fig. 90) and Parnassius mnemosyne: Roskilde, Denmark, June 1996 (fig. 105). Perhaps that is how we see the world these days: the exotic now has less to do with geographical di-stance than with personal distance, less to do with clima-tic differences and radiant colourfulness than with cultu-ral dissociation and political convictions. In the World of Butterflies, Peter Holst Henckel explores our fascination with what is alien or exotic, and the world view underlying the urge to classify and define it. The se-ries thus represents a continuation of his ongoing interest in the destructive aspect of classification, as historically practised in both the natural and social sciences, in recog-nition of the fact that such divisions are often synony-mous with the exclusion, defeat and manipulation of what is classified. The first images in the World of Butterflies are from 1992, when some of the pictures appeared in an exhibiti-on project entitled Dr Merkwürdigliebe. This project consi-sted of three consecutive exhibitions held over a period of a month at Baghuset in Nørrebro, a gallery that Holst Henckel ran in collaboration with other students from the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts. The three exhibitions included a tableau of animal skins and other hunting tro-phies, a model of a sailing ship, a safari chair, binoculars and topi, maps, and various ambivalent scientific posters similar to those in the World of Butterflies. Holst Henckel linked Dr Merkwürdigliebe's fascination with the exotic to a destructive impulse, under the inspiration of Peter Sel-lers' convulsive Dr Strangelove in Stanley Kubrick's 1964 film of the same name. With the same inevitability with which Dr Strangelove's arm continually attempts to raise itself into a Nazi salute from his wheelchair, Dr Merkwür-

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PETER HOLST HENCKEL / Wor ld of Butterf l ies

kwürdigliebes forkrøblede fascination af det fremmedar-tede.

Predictability: Does the flap of a butterfly’s wings in Brazil set off a tornado in Texas?

Stort set samtidig med Muhammad Alis berømte udtalelse udklækkede meteorologen Edward Lorenz teorien om den såkaldte sommerfugleeffekt. Teorien var et svar på et radi-kalt spørgsmål, Lorenz stillede sig: kan en sommerfugls slag med vingerne i Brasilien forårsage en tornado i Tex-as?2 Teorien blev siden kendt som kaosteori, fordi den be-skriver komplekse relationer af årsag og virkning, der på overfladen ligner et uoverskueligt kaos, men som måske alligevel er forbundet med en vis (uforudsigelig) konse-kvens. Lorenz valgte sommerfuglen og tornadoen som ek-sempler på grund af den vældige kontrast mellem torna-doens kraft og sommerfuglens bløde vingeslag. Et ekstremt udtryk for tanken om, at luftforskydninger skabt af den tilsyneladende harmløse sommerfugl skulle ligge bag naturens voldsomme evne til at gribe ind i vores øko-nomiske og dermed også kulturelle og politiske virkelig-hed. Kaosteorien blev særligt populær i 1980erne parallelt med den postmoderne forestilling om de store fortællin-gers afslutning, forestillingen om, at der ikke længere var ét system, hverken religiøst eller politisk, der kunne be-grunde eller forklare verdens sammenhæng. Det betød en frigørelse af individdet fra kollektivet og ideologiernes snærende bånd, hvilket vi tyve år senere kan aflæse både positivt og negativt i den ekstreme individualisering, der især kommer til udtryk i de vestlige kulturer i alt fra det paradoksale sociale krav om selvrealisering til mere eller mindre enfoldig livsstilspolitik,3 fra den stadig mere popu-lære drøm om en stjernetilværelse i de berømte 15 tv-mi-nutter til identifikationen med et mylder af uafhængige, specialiserede subkulturer (piercing, gaming, skateboar-

digliebe exhibits a reflexive dominance in his fascination with the foreign.

Predictability: Does the flap of a butterfly’s wings in Brazil set off a tornado in Texas?

At more or less the same time as Muhammad Ali made his famous statement, the meteorologist Edward Lorenz was formulating his theory on the so-called butterfly effect. This theory was Lorenz's answer to a radical question that he had posed himself: could the flap of a butterfly's wings in Brazil cause a tornado in Texas?2 The theory has since be-come known as chaos theory, because it describescomplex relations of cause and effect that, while superfi-cially resembling an incomprehensible chaos, might no-netheless be associated with certain (unpredictable) con-sequences. Lorenz selected the butterfly and the tornado as examples because of the acute contrast between the power of the tornado and the gentle beating of a butter-fly's wings; an extreme expression of the idea that the air displacement caused by an apparently harmless butterfly could underlie the violent ability of Nature to intervene in our economic lives, and consequently, in our political and cultural reality. Chaos theory became especially popular in the 1980s, in parallel with the growth of the post-modernist notion of the end of the grand narratives: the idea that there was no longer a single political or religious system that could justify or explain the way the world worked. This meant the liberation of the individual from both the masses and the ties of ideology - a process which now, twenty years later, is reflected both positively and negatively in extre-me individualisation, especially within western culture, in everything from the paradoxical demands of society for self-realisation to more or less simple-minded lifestyle po-litics,3 and from the ever more popular dream of the 15 minutes of fame to identification with a myriad of inde-

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ding, etc.). Men muligheden for at tilrettelægge sit eget liv, oveni-købet på en global scene, modsiges af de brudstykker af større eller mindre fortællinger, der er haglet ned over os siden slutningen af 1980erne: Studenteroprøret på Tian-an Minh-Square i Peking, Berlinmurens fald, den første golfkrig, raceurolighederne i Los Angeles, de etniske ud-rensninger i ex-Jugoslavien, krigen i Tjetjenien, antigloba-liseringsbevægelsens enorme demonstrationer, Al-Qaedas spektakulære terrorisme og Pax Americanas trussel mod verdenssamfundets demokratiske processer. Realiteter, der ofte er brændt igennem "filmen", igennem billedsam-fundets medieskabte virkelighed. Det er begivenheder, der er lige så virkelige, som de syntes uforudsigelige ud fra 1980ernes ide om afslutningen på de store fortællin-ger om politiske, etniske og religiøse tilhørsforhold. At ka-osteoriens sommerfuglevinger ikke kun slår til inden for naturens verden, men også påvirker det politiske og kul-turelle klima er blevet anskueliggjort adskillige steder på kloden i det foregående årti, hvor miljø- og klimaændrin-ger har ført store menneskelige og økonomiske tab med sig, som lader sig aflæse på både de internationale politi-ske dagsordener og vores personlige indkøbslister. Kaosteoriens forestilling om sommerfuglevingernes kraft fremstår sært nok som et realistisk billede på en vir-kelighed, der langt overstiger ethvert nationalt eller inter-nationalt overblik, ethvert vejrsystems eller politisk sy-stems evne til at stabilisere sig selv, og i sidste ende også vores egne muligheder for at overskue grænserne mellem indre og ydre påvirkning, det nære og det fjerne, det vel-kendte og det fremmedartede, det virtuelle og det reelle (den virtuelle verden har med sin hastige evolution og sine "bugs", "orme" og "vira", som bekendt kun gjort ver-den mere uforudsigelig). Hvis medierne er det interface, hvormed vi oftest for-holder os til denne hyperkomplekse tilstand, hvor alting er connected, hvordan kan vi så i sig selv navigere i det

pendent, specialised subcultures (piercing, gaming, skate-boarding, etc.). But our ability to stage our own lives, moreover in a global theatre, has been contradicted by the fragments of grand and small narratives with which we have been con-tinually bombarded since the end of the 1980s: the stu-dent rebellion in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, the fall of the Berlin wall, the first Gulf War, race riots in Los Ange-les, ethnic cleansing in the former Yugoslavia, the war in Chechnya, the enormous demonstrations of the anti-glo-balisation movement, Al Qaeda's spectacular terrorism and the threat of Pax Americana to the democratic pro-cesses of the world community. These are realities that often burn through the "film" of our media-dominated vi-sual culture. As real as these events are now, they would have been impossible to predict on the basis of the 1980s idea of the end of the grand narratives of political, ethnic and religious affiliation. The fact that chaos theory can be applied, not just to the natural world, but also to the poli-tical and cultural climate, has been demonstrated at vari-ous points on the globe during the past decade, which has seen environmental and climatic changes bringing about great human and economic losses, as reflected both in in-ternational political agendas and our own personal shop-ping lists. Chaos theory's concept of the power of a butterfly's wings seems a strangely realistic picture of a world that overwhelms all national and international agendas andm-the ability of any meteorological or political system to sta-bilise itself, as well as, in the final analysis, our own ability to discern the boundaries between internal and external influences, the near and the distant, the familiar and the alien, the virtual and the real. (The virtual world, with its rapid evolution and its "bugs", "worms" and "viruses", has, as we know, merely made the world yet more unpredicta-ble.) If the media is the interface by which we relate to this

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PETER HOLST HENCKEL / Wor ld of Butterf l ies

konstante medieflow? De mange kanaler og internettets streaming media, der får vor tids offentlighedsrum til at ligne et vidtforgrenet delta? Hvordan agere i forhold til det, der på en og samme tid er forbundet og fjernt, det, der er uhåndgribeligt og alligevel kan gribe ind i vores hverdag? Vi kan skifte kanal eller lukke vinduet, eller vi kan foretage en giroindbetaling til ofre i fjerntliggende egne. Det virker lige så betydningsfuldt, eller måske be-tydningsløst, som en sommerfugls slag med vingerne i Brasilien. Hvad kunsten angår, der måske kan virke som et lidt eksotisk indslag i denne tørre sammenhæng (men mest af alt er eksotisk som beskrevet ovenfor), så er den i sagens natur nødt til at følge med i dette flow, bevæge sig, til-trække sig vores opmærksomhed. Vælge det rette sted og tidspunkt at slå til på: Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee..

1 W.B. Yeats, The Wild Swans at Coole, 1919, uddrag.

2 Sommerfuglemetaforen stammer fra et foredrag, som Edward Lorenz

holdt i 1972 for American Association for the Advancement of Science i

Washington, D.C. med titlen"Predictability: Does the flap of a butter-

fly’s wings in Brazil set off a tornado in Texas?"

3 Begrebet "livsstilspolitik" stammer fra den engelske sociolog

Anthony Giddens, der bruger det som en betegnelse for vores daglige,

mere eller mindre udpræget politiske valg af alt fra livsstil til super-

markedsindkøb - som sommerfuglevingernes slag har disse valg kon-

sekvenser i et vist omfang

hypercomplex reality in which everything is connected, how can we navigate in this constant media flow, with its multitude of channels and streaming media that has tur-ned the public arena of our day into such a densely-bran-ching delta? How can we relate to something that appears at once immanent and distant, abstract and yet capable of touching our daily lives? We can switch channels or close the window, or make a giro payment to victims in far-off places. It all seems just as meaningful, or perhaps as mea-ningless, as the beating of a butterfly's wings in Brazil. As for art, which might perhaps represent a slightly exotic element in this larger context (but which is mostly exotic in the sense described above), its nature is to fol-low this flow, move, attract our attention, and choose the right time and place to strike: float like a butterfly, sting like a bee..

1 WB Yeats, The Wild Swans at Coole, 1919, extract.

2 The butterfly metaphor originated in a talk that Edward Lorenz gave in

1972 for the American Association for the Promotion of Science in

Washington, D.C. entitled "Predictability: Does the flap of a butterfly’s

wings in Brazil set off a tornado in Texas?"

3 The concept of "lifestyle politics" derives from the British sociologist

Anthony Giddens, who uses it as a designation for the daily, more or

less political choices we make in everything from lifestyles to super-

market purchases. Like the flapping of the wings of the butterfly, these

choices will eventually have consequences to some degree.

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PETER HOLST HENCKEL / Wor ld of Butterf l ies

World of Butterflies, Fig. 3

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50 × 40 cm

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Fig. 3

Danaus PlexiPPusSpec imen: At lanta , USA, Apr i l 1968

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PETER HOLST HENCKEL / Wor ld of Butterf l ies

World of Butterflies, Fig. 113

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Fig. 113

hebomia leuCiPPeSpec imen: Stung Treng , Cambodia , March 1983

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PETER HOLST HENCKEL / Wor ld of Butterf l ies

World of Butterflies, Fig. 24

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Fig. 24

inaChis ioSpec imen: Ber l in , Germany, December 1932

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PETER HOLST HENCKEL / Wor ld of Butterf l ies

World of Butterflies, Fig. 90

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Fig. 90

nymPhalis antioPaSpec imen: Copenhagen, Denmark , May 1993