• Write the letter "T" if the statement is true. Write "F" if it is false.

1. Cloning means making a copy of an animal or a plant.

2. Gardeners can make a lot of money by cloning plants.

F

T

Guangdong :刘超英

3. Cloning animals is as complicated as cloning plants.

4. Dolly the sheep was the first successful clone of a mammal.

5. Natural clones happen in animals as well as in plants.

F

T

T

• 阅读课文后作下列练习：1. Dolly the sheep

A. looked exactly like the sheep that provides the egg

B. was the exact copy of the sheep that provides the nucleus

C. looked like the sheep that gave birth to it

D. had the characteristics of all three sheep

√

2. It can be inferred from the passage that a cloned animal.

A. usually lives as long as the original one

B. usually lives longer than the original one

C. usually dies earlier than the original one

D. is usually as healthy as the original one

√

3. Which of the following is not an advantage of cloning?

A. Cloning can be used for medical purposes.

B. Large quantities of food can be produced by cloning.

C. Cloning can help keep animals from becoming extinct.

D. Famous persons who have passed away can be cloned.√

4. What is people's fear about human cloning?

Which of the following is wrong?

A. Cloned Hitlers would do harm to the world.

B. Cloned people may be killed at will for medical aid.

C. A woman would have difficulty recognizing her real husband.

D. Men will die out because a woman can give birth to a baby without a husband.√

• 测试性评价1. 填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从句

还是同位语从句： 1) The fact_______ he used to be a thief is

known to all.

2) We were surprised by the fact_________ she told us.

3) The next thing ________ must be done is to make a plan.

that同

that/which定

that

定

4) Word came ________ our army had won the battle.

5) The president has given an order everyone in the country should prepare for a war________ might last for several years.

6) We've just heard a warning on the radio __________ a hurricane is likely to come.

7) There is no doubt _________ he has told a lie.

8) You have no idea ______ anxious I was!

that同

that 同

that 同that

同how 同

9) The coat is in the place _______ you left it.

10) Then arose the question about _______ we were to get the machines needed.

where 定where定

• 完形填空 :

Reproductive cloning is intended to produce a c of an existing a or a plant. Reproductive cloning of animals is

a for technology and farming as well as for cloning e animals. But reproductive cloning of human beings is specifically f by law in most c . Therapeutic ( 治疗的 ) cloning is to

opy nimal

ndangered

orbiddenountries

llowed

produce a healthy copy of a s person’s tissue ( 肌肉组织 ) or organ for transplant in order to save the lives of those who would d without it. This t would be many times better than r on organ transplants from other people. The tissue or organ would have the sick person's original DNA.

ick

ie echnique

elying

ComprehendingProblems or dangers of cloning

Advantages of cloning

Animal clones may develop the illnesses of older animals.

Animal clones may die younger than the donor animals.

Medical cloning could produce cures for serious degenerative illnesses in humans.

Cloning plants can produce plants of similar quality for sale.

Evil leaders may want to clone themselves.

Cloning plants can be useful for research on new plant species.

There are moral objections to cloning human beings.

Cloning can help save endangered animals.

• Learning about Language

Complete the following sentences using suitable words or phrases from the previous sections.

1 In many respects natural clones _______ greatly from man-made clones.

2 He was much ____________ by the failure of his cloning experiment.

1

differ

cast down

3 Dust had ____________ during the years when the house was deserted.

4 Robert suggested that I should __________ the job of decorating the ceiling of the hall.

5 Her memory is ______, and she seldom goes wrong.

6 She wasn't _________ pleased with her decision, but she had no other choice.

accumulated

undertake

exact

altogether

Rewrite the following sentences using words of similar meaning to replace the underlined words.

1 Compared with her brother, she is so honest about her opinions.

2

Compared with her brother, she is straightforward about her opinions.

2 The decisions of the factory leaders that had been made without any reason caused anger among the workers.

3 Is your new factory in the business area of Beijing?

The arbitrary decisions of the factory leaders caused anger among the workers.

Is your new factory in the commercial area of Beijing?

4 Do you support the government's plan to build more railway lines?

5 This is the way we arrange for you to have your teeth out.

Are you in favour of the government's plan to build more railway lines?

This is the procedure for you to have your teeth out.

6 I don't agree to your plan because it will cost too much money.

7 Your mother and I will not allow you to stay out so late when you have homework to do.

I object to your plan because it will cost too much money.

Your mother and I will forbid you to stay out so late when you have homework to do.

When Freddy the frog grew older he wanted to _______ cloning so that his musical career could continue. The doctor explained that cloning was a __________ question that he should consider seriously. So Freddy asked his friends and noted with __________ that they agreed with him. However, shortly after he did some research, he felt _________ when he discovered the fate of the _________ clone,

3undertake

controversial

satisfaction

cast downbreakthrough

Dolly the sheep. The dream that one could live forever now seemed impossible. So Freddy made up his mind to enjoy his singing and ________ many happy experiences so that when he retired he would be able to look back on his life with great pleasure.

accumulate

1 What is your point of view about human cloning?

2 How can you prove a clone is authentic?

3 How do gardeners benefit from cloning?

4

C My opinion is that human cloning should be forbidden.

F A real clone should be identical to its original parent, from whom the cell was taken.

D Cloning helps them get profits from commercial quantities of plants.

4 How differently do people think of the cloning of plants and that of animals?

5 What was the breakthrough in the history of cloning?

6 Why do some people object to human cloning?

E The cloning of plants is straightforward but the cloning of animals is controversial.

B Dolly the sheep was the first mammal clone and an important success.

A Many people are against human cloning because of religious and moral belief.

• Discovering useful structures Answer key for Exercise 1:

1 The whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep.

2 Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.

• Answer key for Exercise 3:

1 I have no idea ____________________

__________________

2 We heard the news __________________

___________

3 John told the truth ____________________

4 Betty won a prize that _________________

__________

that she will come next

week for a short visit.

that Dolly the sheep

that he failed in the test.

she had dreamed of

died young.

for years.

5 Charles agreed to the regulation _____ _________________________6 Yesterday I was glad to get a message

_________________________7 The fact __________________________ _________________________________ 8 I got the impression ________________ __________________________

he must have safety training.that

that the interview went well.that Dolly the sheep had been

cloned successfully inspired all of us.that everyone in

class did well in the performance.

Using Language Read the passage and answer the questions

(p.16)

1 Why shouldn't you clone an extinct animal unless there is enough diversity in the group?

There will not be enough genetic variation in the group to be able to resist new illnesses.

1

2 Why is it wrong to clone an extinct animal if it would have to live in a zoo?

It is not a good idea to clone an animal that would have to live in a zoo because it is not a suitable habitat to develop and increase its numbers. The zoo is not a natural environment for a wild animal.

3 Why can't you clone the DNA of animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years?

The DNA of animals more than 10,000 years old is not suitable for cloning, for it can't survive so long.

A sample dialogue (p.16)S1: I think the dodo bird should be returned

to the earth. It hasn't been extinct very long. So its DNA will still be good enough for cloning.

S2: Yes and sailors in the past always described the dodo as being a very friendly animal. So it would make a good pet. It wasn't too large either. I can't see any other extinct animals becoming a pet, can you?

2

S1: No, indeed. 1 know it's a bird like the Great Auk but neither of them could fly. So if you kept either, it wouldn't escape from a park, a family or its home in the wild. You could also farm a dodo, unlike all the others, and produce many of them as exotic pets.

S2: And what about its large nutritious eggs? Just one would feed a large family. So there's more than one reason for producing it in commercial numbers.

S1: Did you know that its meat is very tasty too! Perhaps it could be farmed like ostriches and provide a good source of protein.

S2: The only problem is that it needs hot climate to survive. But that's easy to provide with all its other advantages. I don't think any of the other animals stands a chance against the dodo.

S1: So we both agree that the best extinct animal to be cloned is the dodo bird.

S2: Yes.

A sample report(p.17) The dodo is the most suitable animal to be

cloned for several reasons. First, it became extinct fairly recently so its DNA is still in good condition. Second, it was always described as being a very friendly animal and it would make a good pet. Third, it cannot fly. So it wouldn't escape from a park, a family or its home in the wild.

3

You could farm a dodo and sell it as an exotic pet. Fourth, it produces large nutritious eggs which could feed a large family. Fifth, its meat is very tasty too! Perhaps it could be farmed like ostriches and provide a good source of protein. Although it needs hot climate to survive, we feel that this can be easily provided. In return the dodo would provide a most useful source of pleasure and food.

Talking(p.55)

Possible answers to the questions:

We are not in favour of having a clone of ourselves in the family.

• At first we thought a clone would be an advantage

as he / she could help us with jobs around the house that our parents like us to do.

• Then we realized we would have to share our toys or grandparents' affection with the clone.

• We suddenly realized that a clone might be harmful to us and not help us at all.

• Using Words and Expressions• Once an old scientist decided to use the cloni

ng __________ to make a clone of his boss's dog. Her favourite animal had died and she was _________ to get over her unhappiness. The scientist stirred his mixture, which contained the dog's hair. He was sure that he could produce an _______ copy of the dog but he was worried about the _______ of time it was taking. Just then he heard raised voices as if there was an _________ outside.

procedure

unable

exact

argument

length

The scientist was afraid. The __________ for cloning animals were strict. His colleagues always _________ to his work and often said that he should never be allowed near the cloning laboratory. Did they think he ________________ fail? As he thought about this, the mixture thickened. He stared impatiently at it, waiting for the shape of the animal that would ________ begin to appear.

regulations

objected

would be bound to

shortly

Gradually the cells began to form an animal. The animal continued to grow. Now it was more than twice the size of a human. The scientist screamed ______ and fled from the room. His chances of favour with his boss and any possibility of promotion disappeared at that moment. He had not ___________ a dog but instead had produced a monster!

aloud

brought back

• Translations(p.56)

1 My rabbit gave birth to four exactly identical babies several days ago.

2 From time to time we think that humans can use cloning to bring extinct animals back to life.

3 The plan to develop human clones is bound to raise controversial questions.

4 Shortly after he retired, the old man wrote a novel about his childhood.

5 She is unable to speak aloud because she has just had an operation on her throat.

6 Edward was much cast down by the news that he couldn't obtain the graduation certificate.

7 His efforts paid off when the doctor saw the patient opened his eyes.

8 The scientist made the assumption that there is no animal life on other planets.

• Using Structures (p.56)

Answer key for Exercise 2:

1 that they should buy a new car

2 that they wanted the most expensive one

3 that they would save for six months

4 that Sue's uncle had died unexpectedly

5 that she must follow when she inherited money

6 that she should save all her money in the bank

7 that she was doing the right thing to use the money

• Appositive clauses: 1 3 4

Reading Task(p.59)Team What’s

their argument

Two reasons for /against medical cloning

Do you agree with them? Why?

A For Medicalcloning

1.to cure serious illnesses that have no cure at the moment

2. to help people who have diseases which make them gradually lose their ability to move easily or to think

Various answers and reasons are possible. Various answers and reasons are possible.

B

1

2

Against Medicalcloning

to make the stem cells that will cure an illness of one person, you have to kill another human being

scientists are worried about the efficiency of the system

Various answers and reasons are possible.

Various answers and reasons are possible.

• Speaking Task(p.60)

Rules to remember for preparing a speech

• prepare what you are going to say before the speech.

• write down the main ideas on a piece of paper so that you don't forget anything.

• always look at the audience when you are speaking.

• speak more slowly and clearly than you normally would.

• do not speak too long --- only for five or ten minutes at the most.

• do not stop the speech for questions; answer them in the end.

• Sample speech:

Dear chairperson, ladies and gentlemen,

It is my pleasure to present the arguments for those that want cloning research to continue. As you are already aware, cloning research is very important for curing serious illnesses. Some of these illnesses have no cure, some are to help people regain the use of their brain or movement. The advantages for the patient are tremendous. The disadvantages for the patient are small. Most people are in

favour of medical cloning. In a poll( 投票 ) in America 67% of the people who were asked were in favour of medical cloning. They understand (with Zee Lofgren in Congress) that it would be impossible to refuse seriously sick people a cure. As she put it: "Who among us could tell a person suffering from cancer or Alzheimer's, 'you cannot have the cure that will save your life' ?" None of us, I am sure.

So I hope after listening to all the arguments you too will be able to support medical cloning. Please vote for our side of the debate.

• Sample writing: Yesterday there was a very exciting debate

at Xinjiang Middle School about whether medical cloning should be allowed or not. After a lively discussion a vote was taken and the side arguing for medical cloning won.

The arguments for medical cloning were very strongly put by the team supporting the motion. They argued that serious illnesses and people who were losing their ability to move or think could be helped by medical cloning. They explained that the procedures

would be safe, quick and with no problems for the patients. They showed how many people in America supported it. Their arguments were very convincing.

The arguments put by the team opposing medical cloning were less strong. They argued in two ways. Their first reason was that the procedures were not yet secure. Their second reason was that it took many tries and many potential( 潜在的 ) animals to be killed to produce one useable embryo( 胚胎 ) for research. They explained that many European

countries do not allow medical cloning because of this. They quoted Pope John Paul II. But their arguments were not so convincing.

At the end of the debate the audience were left with a feeling of hope. They realized that diseases that seem terrible today may be able to be cured soon. Many people were excited and happy when they left the Hall.