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Wurden die Ziele des Bologna-Prozesses erreicht? Mobilität. Dr. Siegbert Wuttig, DAAD Bonn, 11. November 2008. Themen meines Vortrags. Europäische und nationale Ziele zur Studierendenmobilität in Europa II. Befunde zur Studierendenmobilität III. Bologna – eine Mobilitätsbremse?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Wurden die Ziele des Bologna-Prozesses
erreicht? Mobilität
Dr. Siegbert Wuttig, DAAD
Bonn, 11. November 2008
211/2008
Themen meines Vortrags
I. Europäische und nationale Ziele zur Studierendenmobilität in Europa
II. Befunde zur Studierendenmobilität
III. Bologna – eine Mobilitätsbremse?
311/2008
National Agency for EU Higher Education Cooperation
Current EU and national political objectives Current EU and national political objectives
National Policies
EU Policies
Bologna Process
LLP/ERASMUS *Increasing mobility: 3 million goal, i.e. 282,000 p.a. in 2012 *More joint programmes *Improving recognition
High Level Expert Forum
Student mobility: * 450,000 p.a. in 2012
* 900,000 p.a. in 2015 *1,400,000 p.a. in 2020
London Communiqué *Increasing mobility +by removing obstacles +by increasing the number of joint programmes +by the creation of flexible curricula +by improving recognition
*Promoting attractiveness and competitiveness of the EHEA
National objectives
DE: Increasing mobility rate for outgoing students: 50% (20% study abroad)
DE: Increasing mobility rate for incoming students: 10%
33
411/2008
Europe of ERASMUS
The Europe of ERASMUS includes 31 countries. The Europe of Bologna includes 46 signatory countries.
Europe of Bologna
Different Concepts of Europe
511/2008
EU‘s internationalisation policies and programmes
Inner-European Policies and Programmes
Third- Country Policies and Programmes
ER
AS
MU
S
TE
MP
US
Mu
nd
us
Atla
ntis
Supporting Bologna and Lisbon, institutional university cooperation, quantity and quality of mobility
Partnership,
quality
Excellence,
attractiveness
H.E
. reform,
Bologna
611/2008
Outgoing student mobility world-wide: 2.4 million in 2006
Statistical Source: Campusfrance 9/2008 - UNESCO
Afrique: 284.000
Europe: 684.000
P&M Orient: 114.000
Asie: 1.079.000
Amériques: 241.000
Fast 80% der mobilen europäischen Studierenden gehen nach Europa
711/2008
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
49.000
52.000
53.400
58.700
65.600
66.500
77.300
83.000
Deutsche Studierende im Ausland 1999 – 2006
Quelle: Statistisches Bundesamt
811/2008
Incoming student mobility world-wide: 5 top host countries
Statistical Source: Campusfrance 9/2008 - UNESCO
2. UK: 330.000
3. France: 266.000
4. Germany: 260.000
1. USA: 585.000
5. Australia: 243.000
36% of all mobile students go to the UK, FR and DE
24% to the US
10% to Australia
911/2008
253.628
203.428
169.496
154.421
123.597115.432111.092
159.324
227.745
135.586
144.037
282.358
179.421
50.000
100.000
150.000
200.000
250.000
300.000
Total by 2012/13: 3.000.004
Erasmus Student Mobility 2000/1 - 2012/13:
Past and Future
Source: European Commission and DAAD
1987/88 – 2006/7: 1.7 m 2007/8 - 2012/13: 1.3 m
1011/2008
National Agency for EU Higher Education Cooperation
Student mobility in ERASMUS: Quantitative trends
Annual increase
2003/4: 9.2%
2004/5: 6.3%
2005/6: 5.2%
2006/7: 3.4%
Target: 11%
Countries with increase: 2006/7
0-2%: DE, DK, LI, NL, SE, UK
2-5%: BE, FR, IT, RO
5-10%: AT, BG, CZ, LT
>10%: EE, HU, LU, LV, PL, PT, SL, SK, TR
Countries with decrease: 2006/7
0,1–5%: CY, ES, FI, GR, IE, IS
> 5%: MT, NO
Increase/Decrease
10 DAAD: November 2008
1111/2008
National Agency for EU Higher Education Cooperation
Reasons for the decreasing
growth rate in ERASMUS
student mobility (NA answers)
Decline in student population
Introduction of tuition fees
Growing numbers of BA/MA programmes
Good job market
National grant schemes
Non-EU destinations
Lack of funding
Complex administration
11DAAD: November 2008
1211/2008
National Agency for EU Higher Education Cooperation
How to increase and improve student mobility?
Developing integrated study
programmes (with joint degrees)
and short-stay mobility moves
Improving financial support for students
Implementing flexible curricula
(with windows of mobility)
Improving recognition
Better preparation of students
Mobilising university teachers
Information and
Marketing
Not only at MA level
12DAAD: November 2008
1311/2008
National Agency for EU Higher Education Cooperation
ERASMUS Student Mobility 1987/88 – 2006/7
13DAAD: November 2008
2006/7: 24,000 German ERASMUS Students
2006/7: 24,000 German ERASMUS Students
1987/88: 660 German ERASMUS Students
1987/88: 660 German ERASMUS Students
1987/88: 3,250 European ERASMUS Students
1987/88: 3,250 European ERASMUS Students
2006/7: 159,000 European ERASMUS Students
2006/7: 159,000 European ERASMUS Students
1411/2008
4.856 = 20,3 %
18.488 = 77,4 %
404 = 1,7 %136 = 0,6 %
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
Universitäten Fachhochschulen Kunst und Musik Sonstige
Erasmus Student Mobility 2006/2007 Deutsche Studierende nach Hochschultyp
Source: DAAD, Statistisches Bundesamt
(FH-Studierende in DE: 27,4 %)
(Uni-Studierende in DE: 68,4 %)
1511/2008
National Agency for EU Higher Education Cooperation
International student mobility in German BA/MA programmes: facts and figures
ERASMUS statistics
2006/7
HIS/DAAD survey
2007
HIS/HRK survey
2007
Mobility rate DE
Magister Uni: 34% State exams Uni: 23% Diplom Uni: 24% Diplom FH: 21% BA Uni: 15% BA FH: 9% (Master U/FH: 30%)
Mobility rate DE
Traditional degrees: 24%
BA: 12%
(MA: 34%)
BA/MA in ERASMUS DE
Traditional degrees: 84%
BA: 13%
(BA Total DE: 16.7%)
MA: 3%
(MA Total DE: 2.8%)
Lower mobility rate in BA programmes?Low BA/MA participation
in ERASMUS DE15
DAAD: November 2008
1611/2008
National Agency for EU Higher Education Cooperation
Key features of student mobility
in DE BA/MA programmes
DAAD 2008
When study abroad? in BA: 5th semester in MA: 3rd semester
Types of mobility? study period: 74% placement: 26%
Compulsory study abroad periods in BA: 10% in MA: 15 %
Duration of study abroad periods: 4-6 months in BA: 50% c.m/75% o.m in MA: 60% c.m/65% o.m
Trend to shorter periods
More compulsory mobility in MA
16c.m = compulsory mobility, o.m = optional mobility
1711/2008
Student mobility in BA/MA programmes: more vertical mobility?
DAAD 2008
Expectation of more vertical mobility (BA at home, MA abroad): DE 30%
Expectations
Bürger et al. 2006:
On average 30% expect more vertical mobility
CH: 58%, NL: 50% DE: 44%, UK: 36% IT: 30%
17DAAD: November 2008
National Agency for EU Higher Education Cooperation
1811/2008
National Agency for EU Higher Education Cooperation
Student mobility in BA/MA programmes: Expectations for the future
Bürger et al.
2006
Programme directors 11European Countries:
10% expect a decrease in BA
outgoing mobility
8% expect a decrease in MA outgoing mobility
ERASMUS NAs
2008
National Agencies ERASMUS:
Almost all expect at least a slight increase in outgoing student mobility mainly due to the new ERASMUS placement action
DAAD
2008
Programme directors DE:
18% expect a decrease in BA outgoing mobility (Europe)
11% expect a decrease in MA outgoing mobility (Europe)
18DAAD: November 2008
1911/2008
Bologna – eine Mobilitätsbremse?
• Datenlage unsicher
• Momentaner Abschwung des Zuwachses in der Studierendenmobilität nicht allein auf Bologna zurückzuführen
• Viele Probleme in der Studierendenmobilität sind nicht durch Bologna verursacht, sondern werden nur verstärkt
• Mögliche neue Trends durch Bologna: kürzere Aufenthalte und mehr vertikale Mobilität
• Bologna führt nicht automatisch zu mehr Mobilität: wachsende Bedeutung der organisierten Mobilität (z.B. curriculare Verankerung)
• Bologna öffnet die Chance zu einer besseren Qualität der Mobilität.
DAAD: November 2008
National Agency for EU Higher Education Cooperation