WX Acronymns Abbreviations Notations

8/2/2019 WX Acronymns Abbreviations Notations

1/46

Acronymns, Abbreviations and Notations

NUMBERS 1D-C PMS optical array probe; 20-600 m @ 20 m resolution1D-P PMS optical array probe; 0.3-4.5 m @ 0.3 m resolution1-D one-dimensional2D-C PMS optical array probe; 31-992 m @ 31 m resolution2D-GA2 (PMS optical aerosol probe; cloud particles)2D Grey 25 aerosol probe(25 m < D < 1.5 mm)2D Grey 40 aerosol probe(40 m < D < 2.6 mm)2D-P PMS optical array probe; 100 m to 6 millimeters2-D two dimensional

3-D three dimensional3M Minnisota Mining and Manufacturing, Inc.

SUBSCRIPTS a refers to atmospheric signalB bottom of cloud layerc refers to cloud signalclr clear skycld cloudy skycs clear skyi channel numberlc lower level cloudT top of cloud layeruc upper level cloud

GREEK cloud albedo or reflectance; cloud extinction coefficient; off-axis angle forFraunhofer diffraction

c cloud albedo

d diffuse cloud albedo

s surface reflectivity

sd clear-sky diffuse albedocoefficient of volume expansion; volume backscatter coefficient; backscatter

fraction; lidar relative backscatter; aspect ratio(R) backscatter cross-section per unit volume

(R) extinction cross-section per unit volumeext extinction coefficient

p backscatter cross-sectionanisotropic reflectance correction factor; off vertical beam axis angledifference

BT difference in equivalent brightness temperature


2/46

N change in cloud drop concentration

t jump in total water mixing ratioR change in upward radiance; range resolutionr cloud top total water jumpT temperature difference

z cloud geometrical thicknessdepolarization ratio; optical thickness of cloud

c correction term for reduced cloud emission

s correction term for scatter into radiometer FOVt sampling interval

turbulent dissipation rate; TKE dissipation rate; cloud emissivity; emittance* IR downward effective emmitance

scan angle; viewing azimuth relative to solar plane(=0 o is forward scatter)

v ERBE spectral response functionvolume reflrctivity; radar backscatter coefficientwavelengthcosine of viewing zenith angle; coefficient of molecular viscosity; droplet radius;mean; cos

m micrometer(10 -6)

o cosine of solar zenith angleshape parameterangle of incidence

; e; THETAEequivalent potential temperature; satellite zenith angle(measured from downwardnormal direction)

l liquid water potential temperature or saturation point potential temperature

o solar zenith angle

v virtual potential temperature

w wet bulb potential temperaturevisible reflectance; ice density

i ice crystal density

L water density

s clear-sky bidirectional reflectance albedobackscatter cross-section; Stefan-Boltzmann constant; volume extinctioncoefficient; standard deviation

1 standard deviation of downward longwave radiation

e extinction coefficient

u rms horizontal wind fluctuation

w rms vertical wind fluctuationvisible optical depth; Reynolds stress; momentum flux; persistance time; laserpulse length

* optical thickness

a IR absorption optical depth

c optical thickness of cloud; surface flux

L time for complete homogenization

nir NIR optical depth


3/46

s ratio of scattering optical depth to absorption optical depthwave numbersingle scattering albedo

m measured liquid water contentstream function; relative azimuth angle

shortwave effective extinction; vorticity; zenith angleALPHABETICAL A member of Arctic Working Group; ascending; measured sampling areaa width; particle radiusAAO Adjacent Arctic OceanAb cloud absorptionABCD doppler wind field analysis using Cartesian coordinate system[CETP]ABL atmospheric boundary layer; albedoABLE 3A Arctic Boundary Layer Experiment; first part of third mission in ABLE seriesabsorp absorption

AC Aerospace Corporation; Ackerman & Cox; total accepted countsAc altocumulus clouds; fractional cloud coverA/C aircraftACARS ARINC Communications, Addressing and Reporting SystemACE-1 first mission in Aerosol Characterization ExperimentACRF atmospheric cloud radiative forcingACSYS Arctic Climate System Study(WCRP)A/D analog to digitalADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profileraddv addvectionADEOS-1 first Advanced Earth Observing Satellite(Japan)

ADIFR angle of attackADS airborne data system(NAILS)ADT Alaska Daylight Time; anomalous diffraction theoryAe effective sampling areaAEAP Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Project(NASA)aeff effective radius of particleAEM-2; AEM-B second Applications Explorer Mission(ERBS)AERI Atmospheric Emitted Radiance InterferometerAEROCE Atmosphere-Ocean Chemistry ExperimentAES Atmospheric Environment Service(Canada)

AFB Air Force BaseAFGL Air Force Geophysical Laboratory(USAF)AFGWC Air Force Global Weather CenterAFIXL; AFIXR angle of attack

AFOS Automated Forcasting Operational System; Automation of Field Operations andServicesAFOSR Air Force Office of Scientific ResearchAGASP Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program


4/46

AGL above ground levelAGU American Geophysical UnionAIDJEX Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint ExperimentAIMR Airborne Imaging Microwave RadiometerAIP-3 Algorithm Intercomparison Project(GPCP)

AIR Atmospheric Instrumentation Research, Inc.; (CSU sonde)AIRS Atmospheric Infrared SounderAK Akademik Kurchatov R/VAL above cloud layerAl aluminumALACE Autonomous Lagranagian Circulation Explorer(float)AlCu; Acu altocumulusALPHA-1; -2 SRI downward-viewing lidar; upwardALS Airborne Lidar Systemalt altitudealto cu alto-cumulus cloudALWIND along(with) wind directionm 10 -9 meterAM-1 first EOS Satellite; AM Equator crossing timeAMA Amarillo, TX met station designatorAMC Atlantic Marine CenterAMEX Australian Monsoon ExperimentAMI Advanced Microwave Instrument(ERS-1)AMIPS (GLA simulation model)AMMR-1 Airborne Multichannel Microwave Radiometer-nadir viewingAMMR-2 AMMR viewing at 45 deg through left window

AMMS Advanced Microwave Moisture SounderAMP ARGOS Meteorological PlatformAMPR Advanced Microwave Precipitation RadiometerAMS Alternate Mission Scientist; American Meteorological SocietyAMSR Advanced Microwave Scanning RadiometerAMSU Advanced Microwave Sounding UnitAMTEX Air-Mass Transportation Experiment(Japan)ANA Santa Maria airport building designatorAN/APN (military equipment designator)ANG Air National Guardangl angleANSI American National Standards InstituteAnt antennaAN/TPQ-11 radar designatorAOA airplane angle of attackAOC Aircraft Operations CenterAOML Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory(NOAA)AOSS airplane angle of sideslip


5/46

Ap antenna area; plate areaAPD avalanche photo-diodeAPL Applied Physics LaboratoryAPS Aerodynamic Particle Sizer(ER-2)APT Autonomous Picture Transmission system(DC-8)

AR Atmospheric Research(company)Ar receiver area; lidar telescope effective areaARAD (should have been ARAP) Aeronautical Research Associates of PrincetonARAT Avion de Recherche Atmospherique(France)ARC Ames Research Center(NASA)ARCHV archiveARCS Atmospheric Radiation and Clouds StationARCSS Arctic System Science(NSF)ARCSyM Arctic Regional Climate System ModelARGOS (satellite used to telemeter data to shore station[France])ARINC Aeronautical Radio, Inc.ARK Arkansas, KS met station designatorARL FRD Air Resources Laboratory-Forecast Research Development(NOAA)ARM Atmospheric Radiation Measurments program(DOE)ARMAR Airborne Rain Mapping RadarARMCAS Arctic Radiation, Microphysics, Clouds and Aerosols StudyARO (Army research organization)AROS Automated Regional Operations SystemARS Atmospheric Radiance StudyAS Academy of Sciences(Russia); Aircraft Scientist; Arakawa-SchubertAs; as altostratus clouds

ASAP as soon as possibleASASP Axially-Scattering Aerosol Spectrometer Probe(PMS)Asc ascentASCII American Standard Code for Information InterchangeASD Atmospheric Sciences Division(LaRC); Analysis and Simulation Division(AFGL)ASF Alaska SAR FacilityAS IAP Academy of Sciences; Institute of Atmospheric Physics(Russia)ASL above sea levelASM angular second momentumASRC Atmospheric Sciences Research Center(SUNYA)ASSP Aerosol Scattering Spectrometer ProbeAST Arctic Cloud Experiment Science TeamASTER Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection radiometerASTEX Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition ExperimentASTRAIA (NCAR Electra instrument)AT (ASTEX R/V); air temperatureATB Rosemount temperature sensorATC Air Traffic Control


6/46

ATD Atmosphere Technology Division(NCAR)ATEX Atlantic Tropospheric ExperimentATI area-time integrals; (designator of sonic anemometer type)ATKP (Electra fast response temperature sensor)ATLAS (type of buoy for TOPEX/POSEIDON validation)

ATMOS Atmospheric Trace Molecules Observed by Spectroscopy(JPL)Atmos. Chem. Atmospheric ChemistryAtmos. Environ. Atmospheric EnvironmentAtmos. Res. Atmospheric ResearchATR (attenuated total reflection switch on ARMAR)ATr radar area-time integralATRAD algorithm for adding doubling calculationsATRF (Electra reverse flow temperature sensor)Ats satellite area-time integralATSR/MS Along-Track Scanning Radiometer and Microwave Sounder (ERS-1)AUW Wausau, UT met station designatorAVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution RadiometerAVIRIS Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging SpectrometerAVNIR Advanced Visible and Near-infrared RadiometerAXBT Airborne Expendible BathythermographAXCP Airborne Expendible Current ProfilerAZC, AZF airplane true headingAZIM; AZ; azm azimuth angle

B Planck function; broken; tethered balloon; integrating filter bandwidthb buoyancyB1 reflectance of cloud at =1

B3 reduced resolution radiance data(ISCCP)B-23 (U. WA cloud and aerosol research aircraft)BABA Balloons Bassee AltitudeBAO Boulder Atmospheric ObservatoryBASE Beaufort Arctic Storms ExperimentBB broad band; black bodyBBHIR Broad Bandpass Hemispheric IR RadiometerBBHSR Broad Bandpass Hemispheric Solar RadiometerBBIR broadband IRBBR (ASTEX UKC-130 instrument)

BBSS Balloon Bourne Sounding SystemB.C. tethered balloon measurmentsBC cloud emissionBcld Planck function of the cirrus layer temperatureBCS backscatter cross sectionBDIFR angle of sideslipBE measured radianceBEN (a type of ship log on ASTEX R/V Le Suroit)


7/46

BER bit error rateBFIXB; BFIXT angle of sideslipBL boundary layerBLW belowBMAP Background Measurement and Analysis Program

BMO British Meteorological OfficeBNL Brookhaven National LaroratoryBOMEX Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological ExperimentBound. Lay. Meteor. Boundary-Layer MeteorologyBOX Functional Box Counting cloud retrival algorithmBPI bytes per inchBPRT radiometric surface temperatureBPYR1; TPYR1 visible radiationBPYRG; TPYRG IR radiationBR briefing room; region of broken stratocumulus cloudsBRDF bi-directional reflectance distribution functionBS surface emissionBSCAT (related to EOC viewing angle)BSHR MGO (ASTEX R/V LeSuroit engine type)BT brightness temperatureB(T) Planck function at temperature TBTD brightness temperature differenceBTDIF (related to MAS spectral channels)Bull. Amer. Met. Soc. Bulletin of the American Meteorological SocietyBUV; TUV ultraviolet radiationBW bandwidth

C member of Cirrus Working Group; centigrade; most of IFA area; cloud amount;average speed of propogation; calibration constantc speed of light; particle concentrationC1 gridded cloud product(ISCCP)C2 climatological summary product(ISCCP)C5; C6; CI175 (equivalent sphere ice particle distributions)C2H4 etheneC4 Center for Clouds, Chemistry and Climate(SIO)C7F14 perfluoromethylchlohexane(cyclohexane)C20 ISCCP 20m/20m hexagonal crystal modelC-130Q (NCAR airplane)C-131A (University of Washington airplane)Ca++ calcium ionCAC Climate Analysis Center(NOAA)CADC Central Air Data Computer(NASA DC-8)CAGES (Canadian hydrological experiment in Mackenzie river basin)calc calculatedCALS Cloud and Aerosol Lidar System


8/46


9/46

CFR Centre def Faibles Radioactivits(French)CG (description for LIP lightning locations)Cg total surface cloudinessCH (ASTEX R/V); high cloud type codeCh channel

CH3CCl 3 methyl chloroformCH4 methanechem chemistrychn channelCi; CI cirrus cloudsCIDS CEPEX Integrated Data SystemCIFKU conditional instability of the first kind upside-downCIIFO CIRRUS I IFO(FIRE I)

CIMMS Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies(University of Oklahoma)CIMSS Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies(U. Wisc.-Madison)CIPS continuous ice particle sampler

CIRES Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences(University of Colorado)CIRRUS I Cirrus IFO-I(Wisconsin 1986)CIRRUS II Cirrus IFO-II(Kansas 1991)CIS Cryogenic Interferometer SpectrometerCISK conditional instability of the second kindCiSt cirrostratus cloudsCIT California Institute of TechnologyCL low cloud type codeCl chlorineCLARET I & II Cloud Lidar and Radar Exploratory TestsCLASS Cross-Chain Loran Atmospheric Sounding SystemCLAT aircraft latitude(LORAN)CLAVR Clouds from AVHRRCLDRADI (GFDL GCM)clds cloudsCLDSTATS (WPL program for determining echo boundaries)CLIVAR Climate Variability and Predictability Program(WCRP)CLONG aircraft longitude(LORAN)cloudtop saw t cloudtop saw tooth

CLR cloud-free subframesCLS Cloud Lidar System(ER-2)CM middle cloud type codecm centimeter(10 -2)CMATRIX THIR cloud productCMM Centre de Meteorologie Marine(France)

CMS Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale(France); College of Marine Studies(U. of Deleware)


10/46

CN condensation nucleiCn refractive index structure function parameterCNES Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales(France)CNET Centre National Etude des Telecommunications(France)CNRM Centre National de Recherche Meteorologique(France)

CNRS Centre National de Recherche Scientifique(France)CNSA Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental(Spain)CO carbon monoxideCO2 carbon dioxideCOADS Comprehensive Oceanic and Atmospheric Data SetCOARE Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experimentcoef coefficientCOF Coffeyville,KS met station designatorCOHMEX Cooperative Huntsville Meteorological Experiment(field experiment)Co-I co-investigatorCOMSAT Commercial Satellite Corporationconc concentrationCONCNC aerosol concentrationscond conditionconf conference; confirmedcontin continuousCOPLAN (doppler radar analysis in a cylindrical coordinate system[CETP])copol copolarizedCOR cold optics radiometercor correlationcorr correlation

COS Cloud Observing System(ASTEX)COSSA Commonwealth Office of Space Science and Applications(CSIRO)cov covarianceCP Conference Publication(NASA); center point; common pointCp specific heat at constant pressurecP, mT (air mass descriptor)CP-2 (type of radar used during CaPE)CPE Central Pennsylvania ExperimentCPU central processing unitCR-1 (cryogenic hygrometer model)CRAY YMP (large, fast Cray Research computer model)CRF cloud radiative forcingCRL (T/C organization having radar on DC-8)CRM cloud resolving modelcross pol cross polarizationCRPE Centre de Recherches en Physiques de l'Environment(France)CRS Center de la Recherche Scientifique(France)CS ISCCP cirrostratus hexagonal crystal model; cross section; Calahan & Snider


11/46

CS cloud fractional coverage from satelliteCs cirrostratusCSASP (Marine Stratocumulus particle spectrometer)(PMS)CSC Computer Sciences CorporationCSH convective stratiform heating

CSI Campbell Scientific, Inc.CSIRO Comonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization(Australia)CST Central Standard TimeCSU/PO Colorado State University Project OfficeCT2 structure function of temperature fluctuationsCTBL cloud-topped boundary layerCTD Conductivity-Temperature-Depth ProfilerCTEI cloud-top entrainment instabilityCtr centerCTT cloud top temperatureCU ISCCP cirrus uncinus hexagonal crystal modelCu cumulus; copper; cirrouncinusCuCl 2 copper chlorideCUSBL cumulus under stratocumulus boundary layerCV-580 University of Washington airplane; Canadian National Research Council airplaneCVI counterflow virtual impactorCW center wavelength/wave numberCX pixel level cloud product(ISCCP)CY calendar year

D lidar off-zenith pointing; diameter; descending; distance between plates; bouyancyreversal parameter; GOES VIS counts; cloud cell diameter; particle long dimension

D* detectivityD1 gridded cloud product with revised algorithm(ISCCP)D1 transmittance of cloud at =1De; Dm mean droplet diameterDmax largest ice particle dimensionDn characteristic diameter of the crystal distributionDAAC Distributed Active Archive CenterDAB-UL dual-polarization and backscatter-unattended LIDARDADS Data Acquisition and Distribution System(NASA DC-8)Daedalus (Scanning, Visible and IR(window) Imaging Radiometer[ER-2])DAMTP (Cambridge U. organization)DAO Data Assimilation Office(GSFC)DAS data acquisition systemDAT digital archival tapedb decibelDBARM equivalent melted diameterDBMS data base management systemDBZ (decibel)


12/46

DC-8 (NASA ARC high altitude research aircraft)DCR Dual Channel Microwave RadiometerDDA discrete dipole approximationDDMS Deputy Daily Mission ScientistDDR data description record

DECnet Digital Equipment Corporation networkdeg degreeDEOF double end of fileDept. departmentDESC descentDET detectorDF direction findingDFBS (model with microphysics specific to marine stratocumulus clouds)DFO Department of Fisheries and Oceans(Canada)DHG double Henyey-Greenstein functionDHL (company specializing in express delivery service)Dia diameterDIAL Differential Absorption LidarDIFACS Digital Facsimile workstationDIR downwelling IRDISORT discrete ordinate methodDL Doppler LidarDLR Deuthsche Forschungsanstalt fr Luft-und Raumfahrt(Germany)DM Data Manager; member of Data Management Working GroupDMA Differential Mobility AnalyzerDMN Direction de la Meteorologie Nationale(France)

DMPL Depolarization Micropulse LidarDMPS Differential Mobility Particle SizerDMS dimethyl sulfide; Deputy Mission Scientist; Daily Mission ScientistDMSO dimethyl sulfoxideDMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite Program(DOD)DMWG Data Management Working GroupDN downD0 day zeroDOC Department of CommerceDOD Department of DefenseDODR airplane drift angleDOE Department of EnergyDOGS airplane ground speedDomsat Domestic SatelliteDop dopplerDORADE (ARMAR data type for T/C)DP Drafting PanelDp particle diameter


13/46

DPB dewpoint temperatureDPBC; DPTC Electra dewpoint hygrometers(bottom and top)DPL Dual-polarization LidarDRAKKAR (2-channel vertically pointing MW radiometer[CaPE])DRI Desert Research Institute(University of Nevada)

DRT Del Rio, TX met station designatorDS downwelling solarDU Drexel UniversityDUNDEE Down Under Doppler and Electricity EquipmentDWIPS Digital Weather Imaging Processing SystemDX pixel level cloud product with revised algorithm(ISCCP)DY dayDYCOMS Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine StratocumulusDz drizzle

E Eastern part of IFA area; water vapor flux; incomming irradiance

(E) evaluation data; for model evaluationE spectral solar constantEcld emissivity if the cloud layerEeff effective emissivityEi collimated irradianceEo energy of transmitted pulseE(r) backscattered powere saturated vapor pressureEA extended areaEC elemental carbonECHAM-3 (a coupled global ocean-atmosphere model[MPI])

ECL (ARMAR electronic component)ECLIPS Experimental Cloud Lidar Pilot StudyECMWF European Centre for Medium-range Weather ForecastsEDIS Environmental Data Information Service(NOAA)EDOP ER-2 Doppler RadarEDP Environmental Definition ProgramEDT Eastern Daylight TimeEDX energy-dispersive x-rayEERC (ASTEX organization)EERM Etablissement d'Etudes et de Recherches Meteorologiques(France)

E G & G Edgerton, Germeshausen and GrierEHP equivalent horsepowerEI entrainment instability criterionei cloud mean emissivityEL Eppley Laboratories; Electra(NCAR); elevationELDORA Electra Doppler RadarELP El Paso, TX met station designatorEM enhanced monitoring


14/46

EMA enhanced monitoring arrayEMD (NOAA R/V Oceanus engine type)EMES Earth Moniroring Educational SystemEMEX Equatorial Mesoscale ExperimentEMP enhanced monitoring period

ENE East-North-EastENR (describes ARMAR noise source)ENSO El Nio Southern OscillationENT entropyEOC; EO-cam Electro Optics camera(ER-2)EOCT Electro-optical Camera(TSEC)(ER-2)EOF end of file(single); empirical othogonal function analysisEOMET Electro-Optics Meteorology program(NRL/NOSC)EOS Earth Observing System(NASA)

EOS-AM(AM-1) first launch in NASA EOS satellite series(mid-1998); morning equatorcrossings(descending)EOSDIS Earth Observing System Data and Information SystemEOSP Earth Observing Scanning Polarimeter

EOS-PM second launch in NASA EOS satellite series(late 2000); afternoon equatorcrossings(ascending)EPOCS Eastern Pacific Ocean Climate StudyER extended rangeERB Earth Radiation Budget instrument(NIMBUS 6 & 7)ERBE Earth Radiation Budget Experiment(ERBS)(LaRC)ERBS Earth Radiation Budget Satellite(NASA)ER-2 NASA Ames high altitude aircraft; Extended Resources-2ERC (NOAA organization)ERL Environmental Research Laboratory(NOAA)EROS Earth Resources Observation SystemERS-1 first European Remote Sensing SatelliteESA European Space AgencyESG Empirical Study Group(NOAA)ESMR Electronically Scanned Microwave RadiometerESS University of Essex(UK)ESTAR Electrically Scanning Thinned Array RadiometerESTEC European Space Research and Space Technology CenterET extended time

ETA estimated time of arrivalETH Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule(Switzerland)ETL Environmental Technology Laboratory(NOAA)ETLA Extended Time Limited AreaETO extended time observationEUCREX European Cloud and Radiation Experiment

EUROTRAC European Experiment on Transport and Transformation of EnvironmentallyRelevant Trace Constituents in the Trosposphere over Europe


15/46

EVAD (analysis of T/C shipborne radar data to reveal kinematic, fluxes and latent heatdistribution)exp; expt experimentEz (related to cloud amount)

F-F (EDOP system)

f viewing azimuth angle; cloud fraction; Coriolis parameter; fraction of pixelcovered by cloudf 1 (coefficient depending on particle size distribution)F-8, 10, 11, 12 DMSP Satellite designations(F) for forcing at boundariesFAA Federal Aviation AdministrationFAPMO (bathythermograph winch)FARS Facility for Atmospheric Remote Sensing(U. of Utah)

FASCOD3(or III) (line-by-line radiance/transmittance model developed by AFGL--used to calculatecloud conditions)FASINEX Frontal Air-Sea Interaction Experiment

FAST (forward/aft scanning mode)fax facsimileFCA FIRE Central ArchiveFCC Federal Communications CommissionFCST Federal Council for Science and TechnologyFD finite-difference modelFDDA Four Dimensional Data AssimilationFe ironFFSP (Knollenberg 1-D probe)FFT Fast Fourier TransformFIAMS Flinders Institute for Atmospheric and Marine StudiesFIFE First ISLSCP Field ExperimentFIR IR fluxFIRE First ISCCP Regional ExperimentFIRE 86 first FIRE Cirrus field experimentFIRE 87 FIRE I Marine Stratocumulus IFOFIRE 91 second FIRE Cirrus field experimentFIRE 93 TOGA COARE; FIRE Pilot Tropical Cirrus ExperimentFIRE I FIRE, phase I(1984-1989)FIRE II FIRE, phase II(1990-1994)FIRE III Fire, phase III(1995-??)

FIRE IFO II second FIRE Cirrus field experimentFIRE MS FIRE Marine StratusFIRE Stratos Marine Stratocumulus IFO(California 1987)FL flight legFL large scale eddy latent heat fluxFLORENCE (sea-surface flux model[Mto-France])FLT flight


16/46

FM frequency modulation; flow meterF & M FOKKER F-27 & Merlin IV; (ASTEX airplanes)FMC Fort McCoy, WI met station identifierFM-CW frequency modulated- continuous waveFMO Flatland Meteorological Observatory

FMT convective fluxfnct functionFNOC Fleet Numerical Oceanography CenterFNT Flint, MI met station identifierFOGS (ARC grating spectrometer)FOKKER (Dutch airplane manufacturer)forc forcingFORTRAN formula translation; IBM scientific programming languageFOV field of viewFP final pointFp reflected fluxFr pulse repetition frequencyfr fromfra fractal(cu cloud structure)freq frequencyFS full scaleFS small scale eddy latent heat fluxFSL Forecast Systems Laboratories(NOAA)FSM Federated State of MicronesiaFsol downward solar radiationFSSP300 PMS Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe; (cloud droplets)

FST FIRE Science TeamFSET FIRE Science Experiment TeamFSU Florida State UniversityFT free troposphereFT/BL (description of trace gas and aerosol fluxes and conversion rates)FTIR fourier transform interferometer radiometerftp file transfer protocolFTS fourier transform spectrometerFWHH full width half heightFWHM full width; half maximumFWVS (ASTEX UKC-130 instrument)FYIB (NPS satellite imager[ASTEX])

G gaing gravitational acceleration; asymmetry factorGaAs gallium arsenideGAC global area coverage(AVHRR)galb surface albedoGALT airplane GPS altitude


17/46

GAMP Global Atmospheric Measurments Program(ATD)GAPEX Ground-based Atmospheric Profiling ExperimentGARP Global Atmospheric Research ProgramGASP Global Atmospheric Sampling ProgramGATE GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment

GCE 2D convective scale model(GSFC)GCEM Goddard Cumulus Ensemble modelGCM global climate model; general circulation modelGCSS GEWEX Cloud System StudiesGDR (TOPEX instrument)GE General ElectricGen generatorGenPlot (general visualization software tool)GEO geosynchronousGeophys. Res. Lett. Geophysical Research LettersGEOS GSFC EOS data assimilation systemGEWEX Global Energy and Water Cycle ExperimentGFDL Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory(Princeton Univ.)GGG Midland, TX met station designatorGHIS Geostationary High-resolution Interferometer SounderGhz gigahertz(10 +9)GI Geophysical Institute(University of Alaska-Fairbanks)GIF graphics interchange formatGISS Goddard Institute of Space StudiesGL gray levelGLA Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres(GSFC)

GLAS Geoscience Laser Altimeter SystemGLAT airplane GPS latitudeGLDV gray level difference vectorGLI Global ImagerGLON airplane GPS longitudeGMS Geostationary Meteorological Satellite(Japan)GMT Greenwich Mean TimeGOALS Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land SystemGOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite(NOAA)GOES-NEXT next generation GOESGOFIRE (NCDS FORTRAN program)GPCP Global Precipitation Climatology ProjectGPI GOES Precipitation IndexGPS Global Positioning SystemGRB Green Bay, WI met station identifierGRS-1 (satellite)GRT (R/V Valdiva dimension)GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center(NASA)


18/46

GSO Graduate School of Oceanography(URI)GTE Global Troposphere ExperimentGTRI Georgia Tech Research InstituteGTS WWW Global Telecommunications System(WMO)GUM Guam met station site designator

H cloud depth; hydrogen; differential heating in zonal direction;sensible heat flux;shear layer depthH() observed downwelling IR irradianceh hour; moist static energy; cloud thicknessh* saturation moist static energyH2O waterH2O2 peroxideH2SO4 sulfuric acidHART Height Area Rain ThresholdHBR (?,KS met station designator)HBTM Hybrid Bispectral Threshold MethodHC hydrocarbonsHDDR (magnetic tape)HDF hierarchical data formatHDF/netCDF hierarchical data format/net common data formatHe heliumHEA high energy approximationHF high frequencyHfil HIS simulated filtered radiance of ERBEHFOVR Hemispherical Field-of-View RadiometerHFS hierarchical file system

HG7 Henyey-Greenstein approximation with assumed asymmetry factor of 0.7; phasefunctionsHGM; HGME geometric altitude(low and high)HH hydrometeor heating; ARMAR polarization modeHHMMSS hours, minutes, seconds(each expressed by 2 digits)HH-VV (ARMAR dual polarization mode)HIR Honiara, SI met station site designatorHIRES high resolutionHIRS2 High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder; part of TOVSHIS High-resolution Interferometric Sounder(ER-2)HITRAN (database of gas absorption characteristics)Hi Vol high volumnHL cloud base heightHNO 3 nitric acidHOAG Honiara Aircraft Operations GroupHOH waterHOM homogeneityhoriz horizontal


19/46

h Pa hecta PascalsHq headquartersHRD Hurricane Research Division(NOAA)HRPT High Resolution Picture Transmission(AVHRR)HRZ hour GMT

HS Hu and StevensHSRL High Spectral Resolution LidarHTI height-timeHtr heaterhum humidityHunfil HIS simulated unfiltered radiance of ERBEHV (ARMAR dual polarization mode); (type of filter)hz Hertz

I cloud radiance; detector current(I) input data; for model initialization

I(, ) azimuthally average monochronomatic intensityI HIS measured radianceIo detector current with path length set to zeroIAEA International Atomic Energy Agency(UN)IAG Interagency GroupIAMAP International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics(ICSU)IAP Institute of Atmospheric Physics(Russia)IAS indicated air speedIBM-PC International Business Machines-Personal Computeri/c icing conditionIC icing condition; intercomparison; ice crystals

I() observed spectral radiance at wavenumberIc opaque cloud radianceICAA (designation for ASTEX turbulence/sounding intercomparison variant mission)ICAO International Civil Aviation OrganizationICAS International Committee for Atmospheric Sciences(FCST)ICCP Intyernational Cloud Climatology ProgramICDG Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the GeosphereICE International Cirrus ExperimentIce Col Ice Column model of Takano/LiouIce XAL ice crystal

Ici radiance at cloud temperatureIcl clear sky radianceICR Ice Crystal ReplicatorICRCCM Intercomparison of Radiation Codes in Climate ModelsICSU International Council of Scientific UnionsICT radiometric air temperatureICTP International Center for Theoretical Physics(IAEA-UNESCO)ID identification; ISCCP water droplet model; scene identification


20/46

IDL Interactive Data LanguageIEEE Institute for Electrical and Electronics EngineersIFA intensive flux arrayIFO intensive field observationsIFOV instantaneous field of view

IFN ice forming nucleiIFP intensive field programIFR instrument flight rulesIFREMER Institut Francais de Rechercher Sur la Mer(France)IGAC International Global Atmospheric Chemistry ProgramIGBP International Geosphere-Biosphere ProgramIGDR (TOPEX instrument)IGN Institut Geographique Nationale(France)IILs intermediate inversion layersILAT airplane INS latitudeILON airplane INS longitudeIMC ice mass contentIMET Improved Meteorological Instrumentation(WHOI)imf ice mass fluxIMG Interferometric Monitor of Greenhouse GasesIN ice nucleiINAA Integrated Neutron Activation Analysisinclude includingINDOEX Indian Ocean ExperimentINE inertial navigation equipmentInGaAs indium gallium arsenide

INL International Falls, MN met station identifierINMARSAT International Marine Satellite OrganizationINMG National Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics(Portugal)INS inertial navigation system; insulationinst instrumentINSU Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers(France)integ integrationInternet Worldwide computer networkInt. J. Climate International Journal of Climatologyinv inversionI/O input/outputIOEB (SHEBA buoy)IOP intensive observing periodIOS Institute of Ocean Sciences(Canada)IP Implementation Plan; initial pointIpa() particulate backscatter phase functionIPITCH airplane IRS pitch angleIR infrared


21/46

IRAMMP (ASTEX instrument)IRB; IRT infrared radiationIRF instantaneous radiative flux

IRIS Interactive Radar Information System; Infrared InterferometerSpectrometer(Nimbus 4)

IROLL airplane IRS roll angleIRRAMP Infrared Analysis, Measurments and Modeling Program(Navy)IRS inertial reference systemIRST Infrared Search and Track system(Navy)IRT Infrared ThermometerIs; Isi cloud-free radianceIS # 3 insitu airplane number designationISCCP International Satellite Cloud Climatology ProjectISLSCP International Satellite Land Surface Climatology ProjectISO isolationISOT International Scientific Oversight TeamISR Infrared Scanning RadiometerISS Integrated Sounding System(NCAR)ITCZ Inter-tropical Convergence ZoneITHDG airplane IRS true headingIUGG International Union of Geology and Geophysics(ICSU)IVEW airplane IRS East-West ground speedIVICS interactive visual image classification systemIVNS airplane IRS North-South ground speedIW ice waterIWC ice water content

IWP ice water pathJ jouleJ. Appl. Meteor.; JAM Journal of Applied MeteorologyJASIN Joint Air-Sea Interaction ExperimentJ. Atmos. Sci.; JAS Journal of the Atmospheric SciencesJ. Atmos. OceanicTechnol. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

J. Clim. Appl. Meteor.;JCAM Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology

J. Climate Journal of ClimateJD Julian day

JERS-1 first Japanese Earth Remote-sensing SatelliteJGOFS Joint Global Ocean Flux StudyJ. Geophy. Res.; JGR Journal of Geophysical ResearchJIC Joint Ice CenterJLE (R/V Akademik Kurchatov navigation system type)JMA Japan Meteorological AgencyJPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory(NASA)


22/46

J W Johnson-Williams

K Kelvin; potassium; kinetic energy flux; Boltzmann's constantk coefficient of conductivity; relative sensitivity; absorption coefficientki greybody mass absorption coefficientK+ potassium ion

K & S Kipp & Sonn(Germany)KA King Air airplaneKa-band; K-band 8.6 mm/35 Ghz wavelength radarkc cloud backscatter/extinction ratioKCARTCC Kansas City Air Regional Traffic Control CenterKE kinetic energykg kilogram(10 +3)KH Kelvin-Helmholtz(waves)kHz kilohertz(10 +3)KITE Kuiper IR Technology Experiment

km kilometer(10+3

)KOSMOS (Russian meteorological satellite)K-R (related to T/C ARMAR)KSHLCNV (GFDL GCM)KTAS knots air speedkW kilowatt(10 +3)KVG Kavieng, PNG met station site designation

Lcharacteristic horizontal scale of cloud elements; cloud height; liquid watercontent; landing time; length; liquid water path; spectral radiance; latent heat of consendation

l liter

L- Lyman-AlphaL latent heat of vaporizationLA limited area; Laboratoire d'Aerologie(France)LAC local area coverage(AVHRR)LAG lagrangianLAMPS Limited-Area Mesoscale Prediction SystemLAN local area networkLANDSAT (NASA Earth observing satellite series)LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory(DOE)LAOI Laboratory of Atmosphere and Oceanology Institute(Russia)LaRC Langley Research Center(NASA)LAS-X (custom PMS particle counter for 0.15-7.0 m)lat latitudeLATC; LATF airplane latitudeLBA Large-scale Land Processes in the Basin of the AmazonLBTM layer bispectral threshold methodLCL lifting condensation levelLDR linear depolarization ratio


23/46

LE latent heat fluxLEADEX Lead ExperimentLeast Sq St Dev least squares standard deviationLED light emitting diodeLERTS Laboratoire d'Etudes et Recherches en Teledetection Spatial(France)

LES large eddy simulation modelLF lower fuselage radarLGC nadir IR radiationLIDAR light detection and rangingLIMA Laboratoire d'Instrumentation Meteorologique Aeroportee(France)LIP Lightning Instrument PackageLIP 90 (independent component of LIPLiq liquidLIRAD Lidar and IR RadiometerLIS Lightning Imaging SensorLIT Little Rock, AK met station designatorLITE Lidar In-space Technology Experiment(LaRC)LLNL Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLLP Lightning Location and PredictionLm measured downward longwave radiation; cloud top radianceLMD Laboratorie de Meteorologie Dynamique(France)LMN (?, OK met station designator)LMS Lead Mission ScientistLN2 liquid nitrogenLNA (ARMAR electronic component)LNC; LNR nadir visible radiation

Lo downward longwave radiation for clear sky conditionsloc locationlon; long longitudeLONC; LONF airplane longitudeLONDON (GFDL GCM)LORAN-C long range navigation system; third generationLOWS Lake Ontario Winter Storms ProjectLOWTRAN 7 (USAF atmospheric model)

Ls downward longwave radiation for stratocumulus conditions; latent heat of sublimation

LSA large scale area; Large-scale Soundings ArrayLSD large-scale domainLST local standard time; local solar timeLT left; local timeLTN LittonLW liquid water; long waveLWC liquid water concentrationLWIR longwave infrared


24/46

LWP liquid water pathLx wavelet wavelength

M in-cloud parcelM3 Measurments, Modeling and Monitoringm meter; cosine of viewing zenith angle; cloud microphysical model index

MABL marine atmospheric boundary layerMAC Macintosh computerMAD Madison, WI met station designatorMADT Modified Anomalous Diffraction TheoryMAGE Marine and Aerosol Gas ExchangeMAGNAVOX (R/V Valdivia satellite system)MAHS (ASTEX NCAR Electra instrument)MAJ Majuro, FSM met station site designatorMAMS Multispectral Atmospheric Mapping Sensor

MANDOP (doppler radar analysis providing polynomial decomposition of 3-D windfield[CETP])MAPS Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction SystemMARS Meteorological Airborne Radar Data System(NOAA)MARSS (ASTEX UKC-130 instrument)MAS MODIS Airborne SimulatorMAST Monterey Area Ship Track ExperimentMASTER MODIS/ASTER Airborne SimulatorMAVS (ASTEX UKC-130 and ER-2 instrument)max maximumMAXAR (Motorola radio and antenna;voice link to aircraft)mb millibar

MB Malcolm BaldridgeMBL marine boundary-layerMBLCC marine boundary-layer convective complexesMCC Mesoscale Convective Complex; mesoscale cellular convectionMcIDAS-X Man-computer Interactive Data Access System for UNIX(U. Wis.)MCR Multispectral Cloud RadiometerMCS Mesoscale Convective SystemMCTEX Marine Continental Thunderstorm ExperimentMeas measurementMEGALIDAR Wright-Patterson AFB 100-inch collimator lidarMESO mesoscalemest estimated mean valuemet meteorologyMETEO Direction de la Meteorologie Nationale(France)METEOR (operational weather satellite[Russia])Meteorol. Atmos.Phys. Meteorological and Atmospheric Physics

METEOSAT geosynchronous meteorological satellite(ESA)


25/46

MFDP/FRONTS 87 Mesoscale Frontal Dynamics Project/yearly focus(English, French & German)Mfil ERBE scanner filtered radianceMFLPOS million floating-point operations per secondMFOV multi-field-of-view radiometer; multiple-fields-of-viewMFR Multifilter Radiometer

MFRSR Multifilter Rotating Shadow Band RadiometerMg++ magnesium ionMHS Microwave Humidity Sounder; multi-aircraft horizontally separatedMhz megahertz(10 +6)micro microwaveMILE (oceanographic experiment)mils micrometersMIMR Multi-frequency Imaging Microwave Radiometermin minute; minimumMIR Micro-wave Imaging Radiometer(ER-2)MISR Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometermiss missionMISTRC (six channel radiometer[CCAR])MIT Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMIUH Meteorologisches Institut der Universitat Hamburg(Germany)MIZEX Marginal Ice Zone ExperimentMJO Madden and Julian oscillationMLO Mauna Loa ObservatoryMLT multi-layered cloud systemMM4 NCAR Mesoscale Model version 4MMCR Millimeter Cloud Radar

MMM Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division(NCAR)MMP Microphysical Measurment PackageMMR (Barnes 8-channel narrowbeam radiometer[CIRRUS I])MMS Meteorological Measurement SystemMN monthMn manganesemo cosine of solar zenith angleMOA military operating areasMOD Ministry of Defense(UK)Mode 1 (lidar max rep rate; e.g. 1 pulse per 2 seconds)Mode 2 (lidar low rep rate; e.g. 1 pulse per 30 seconds)Mode 3 (lidar intermittant mode; e.g. 1 pulse per 15 minutes)MODIS-N Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer-Nadir

MODTRAN Moderate Resolution Atmospheric Radiance and Transmittance Model(AFGLmoderate resolution model for LOWTRAN 7)MONEX Monsoon ExperimentMon. Wea. Rev. Monthly Weather ReviewMPAA (WPL organizational element)


26/46


27/46

N.A. now availableNa+ sodium ionNaCl sodium chlorideNADC Naval Air Development CenterNAG designator for NASA grant

NAILS NCAR Airborne Infrared Lidar SystemNAM Navy Aerosol ModelNARE North Atlantic Regional ExperimentNAS Naval Air Station; National Academy of SciencesNASA National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASIS NASA Aerospace Safety Information SystemNASNI Naval Air Station at San Nicolas Island, CAnaut mi nautical mileNAV navigationNAVSWC Naval Surface Weapons CenterNBS National Bureau of StandardsNc number of cloud type/observing condition casesN/C no coverageNCAR National Center for Atmospheric ResearchNCDS NASA Climate Data SystemNCEP National Center for Environmental PredictionNcld radiance from the cirrus layer with the cloud presentNCLE (bispectral cloud retrieval algorithm-Stowe et al.)Nclr radiance from the cirrus layer if it were clearNCPO National Climate Project Office(NOAA)NCSA National Center for Supercomputing Applications

N(D); n(r) particle size distribution functionNDS (?, KS met station designator)Nd:YAG neodymium:ytterbium-aluminum-garnetNET noise equivalent temperatureNEC North Equatorial CurrentNEBA NASA Employees Benefit AssociationNEDT noise equivalent temperatureNeff effective downward radianceNEI noise equivalent irradianceNERF Naval Electromagnetic Radiation Facility; provides NORAPSNESDIS National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service(NOAA)NetCDF Network Common Data FormatNF (describes ARMAR electronic component)NFOV near field of viewNFOVR Narrow Fielf-of-view RadiometerN.G.C.C. (Canadian Coast Guard R/V designation)NGDC National Geophysical Data CenterNGM (type of meteorological analysis)


28/46

NH Northern Hemisphere; low or middle cloud amount codeNH 3 ammoniaNH 4+ ammonia ionNi nickelNi number of ice crystals being formed

NIMBUS NASA meteorological research satellite series(1-7)NIP Normal Incidence PyrheliometerNIR near infraredNIRS Near-Infrared SpectroradiometerNl radiance from the atmosphere below the cirrus layernm nanometer(10 -9)NMC National Meteorological Center(WMO); Numeric Meteorologic Center (NOAA)Nmcld measured radiance at surface with cirrus presentNmclr measured radiance at the surface with clear skyNMHC non methane hydrocarbonsNO nitric oxideNo number densityNO 2 nitrogen dioxideNO 3- nitrate ionNO x nitrogen oxides(NO, NO 2, NO 3)NO y reactive nitrogen speciesNOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNOAA 9 (launched 12/12/84; polar orbiter)NOAA 10 (launched 9/17/86; polar orbiter)NOAA K eleventh polar orbiting satellite in TIROS seriesNODS NASA Ocean Data System

NOGAPS (organization involved in T/C data analysis)NOPC NOAA Ocean Products CenterNORAPS Naval Operations Regional Atmospheric Prediction System modelNOSC Naval Ocean Systems Center(San Diego-DOD)NOTAM Notice To AirmenNOVAM Naval Oceanic Vertical Aerosol ModelNPS Naval Postgraduate SchoolN(r) number of cloud particles per unit volume; atmospheric molecular number densityNRC National Research CouncilNRe,max maximum Reynolds NumberNRL Naval Research LaboratoryNRT (R/V Valdivia dimension)NRZI Non Return To Zero InvertNs nimbostratus; number of independent samplesNSA North Slope of AlaskaNSCAT NASA ScatterometerNSF National Science FoundationNSI San Nicolas Island, CA met station designator


29/46

NSIDC National Snow and Ice Data CenterNSS non-sea salt sulfateNSSDC National Space Science Data CenterNSSL National Severe Storms Laboratory(NOAA)NSSTS Near-surface Salinity and Temperature System

NSWC Naval Surface Warefare CenterNt total number of samples required; total numbe in distributionNTIS National Technical Information ServiceNu radiance from the atmosphere above the cirrus layerNUC nucleation of ice crystalsNUKC-130 (UK airplane)NW NorthwestNWP National Weather PredictionNWS National Weather Service(NOAA)N.W.T. Northwest TerritoriesNZ New Zeland

O optical propagation sensorO2 oxygenO3 ozoneO-A coupled oceanographic-atmosphereOAB Ocean Affairs Board(NAS)OAII Ocean-Atmosphere-Ice InteractionOAO Office of Aircraft Operations(NOAA)OAP-200X (PMS optical array probe)Obs observationOC operations coordinator

OCAR (NOAA organization)OCCG Operations Center Coordinator GroupOCD Ocean Chemistry Division(AOML)OCM OLR climatological minimumOCTS Ocean Color Temperature Scanner(Japan)(ADEOS-1)ODRA aircraft drift angleODW Omega Drop Windsonde SystemOFAP Observational Facilities Advisory PanelOFPS Office of Field Project Support(UCAR)OGCM ocean general circulation model

OGP Office of Global Programs(DOC)OGSC; OGSF aircraft ground speedOH hydroxyl radicalOLR outgoing longwave radiation

OLS Optical Line Scanner; Over Larger Scale(out to 100 km); Operational Line-scanSystem(DMSP)OLS-L broadband visible channel(0.4-1.1um)(DMSP)OLS-T broadband IR channel(10.2-12.8um)(DMSP)


30/46

OM Operations ManagerOMA Omahe, NE met site identifierOMEGA (long range navigation aid)OMM (ARC Medium Altitude Missions Branch organization designator)Omnet (a subnet of Telemail)

ONR Office of Naval Research(DOD)ONT (Navy program)OP Operations Plan; operationOp operationalOPC Ocean Products CenterOPG Optical Precipitation GaugeOPO optical parametric oscillatorops; op operations; operationalOpt. Lett. Optics Lettersopt opticalORG optical rain gaugeORI Ocean Research InstituteOSA outer soundings arrayOSC Ocean Science Committee(OAB)OSSA Office of Space Science and Applications(NASA)OSU Oregon State UniversityOUN Norman, OK met station designatorovlp cloud overlap conditionsOWCP Office of Workers Compensation Program

P lidar pointing mode: off-zenith direction; particle; potential vorticity; lidar emittedpower; pressure

(p) as a function of pressurep* saturation point pressureP-3 NOAA airplaneP-3B NASA Wallops airplaneP(, , `) azimuthally averaged phase functionPA highest priorityPAC PacificPALACE profiling ALACEPAMS Portable Automated Mesonet StationsPAN peroxyacetyl nitratePAR parallel210Pb lead isotopePBL planetary boundary layerPC personal computer; lowest priorityPc cloud-top pressuresPCAB cabin static pressurePCASP Passive Cavity Aerosol SpectrometerPCDS Pilot Climate Data System(NASA-GSFC)


31/46

PCLASS Processed CLASSPCM Profiling Current MeterPD photodiode

PDF probability density function; power density function; probability distributionfunction

PDL Polarization Diversity LidarPDT Pacific Daylight Timeperp perpendicularPERT Program Evaluation and Review TechniquePf probability of freezingph; phas phasePh. D. Doctor of PhilosophyPI Principal Investigator; pristine icePIA Peoria, IL met station identifierPIN Pacific Island NetworkPIR Precision Infrared Radiometer(model of Eppley Lab pyrgeometer[0.3-3.0 m])PITCH aircraft pitch anglePLA Platteville, WI met station identifierPLS-PMT (night time-only low-light sensor[0.45-0.95um][OLS])PLTHD inertial platform headingPLWC; XLWC cloud liquid water contentPLWCF profiles of liquid water contentPM program managerPMEL Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory(DOE)PMM Probability Matching MethodPMS Particle Measurment Systems, Inc., Boulder, CO

PMT photo-multplier tubePMTC Pacific Missile Test CenterPNG Papua, New GuineaPNI Pohnpei, FSM met station site designatorPO polar orbiterPOINT SUR MS R/Vpol polarizationPOLDER Polarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectances experimentPOLES Polar Exchange at the Sea SurfacePOMMAR (designator for Le Suroit met station)PORP porpoise motionPOSEIDON (French component of TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite)ppb parts per billionPPI radar mode; azimuth scan @ fixed elevationppm parts per millionpptn precipitationPR Precipitation Radar; pressure; precipitation rateP(R) power incident upon receiver


32/46

PRC Peoples Republic of Chinaprecip precipitationpress pressurepressr alt pressure altitudePRF pulse repetition frequency

PROBE Pilot Radiation Observation ExperimentProc proceedingsPROFS Program for Regional Observing and Forecasting Services(FSL)PROTEUS Profile Telemetry of Upper Ocean CurrentsPRT-4, -5, -6 models of Barnes Engineering precision radiation thermometersPS power supplyPs surface pressurePSA particle surface areaPSB; PSW static pressurePSC Polar Stratospheric CloudsPSFD fuselage static pressure

PSP Precision Solar Pyranometer(model of Eppley Lab pyranometer[4.0-50.0 m]);pitot-static pressurePSS photostationary statepstat static pressurePSU Pennsylvania State UniversityPSUCS Penn State University Continental StratusPSW wing static pressurePt transmitted powerPTCE Pilot Tropical Cirrus ExperimentPTCH aircraft pitch angle

PTS pointsPVM-5 (Kwajalein lidar test series)PVM-100A Particulate Volumn Monitor modelPV-WAVE (software used to create browse images)PW precipitable water

Q total-water mixing ratio; extinction efficiencyq viewing zenith angle; moisture; specific humidity; water vapor mixing ratioQ1; Q2 apparent heat sources and sinksq* saturation mixing ratioQABS particle absorption efficiencyqb net upward longwave radiationqE equivalent potential temperatureqh latent heat lossQL (related to cloud amount)q1 liquid water mixing ratioqo solar zenith angleqr total water content; unfiltered liquid water contentqs sensible heat loss


33/46

qv (mean boundary layer turbulence measure)qE mixing ratio from EG & G detectorQZ (related to cloud amount)Q-bay (ER-2 instrument equipment compartment)QCB; QCW indicated air speed

QCF; QCR; QCW indicated airspeed pressureQext extinction efficiencyQJRMS Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological SocietyQM quality monitoringqT sea surface net heat fluxQTOT, q total water(vapor and liquid) mixing ratioQUAD (type of aircraft flight leg on T/C)Quart. J. Roy. Met.Soc. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

R results; instrumentation site; rain rate; variance; rawinsonde; range; cloud albedo;scattering ratio; measured cloud reflectance ratio: viewed direction to nadir; ratior rangeR1 enhanced deployment mode for met soundingsR2 intensive deployment mode for met soundingsR3 minimal deployment mode for met soundingsR+3% reflectance threshold cloud retrieval algorithmR normalized nadir reflectanceR ideal gas constant for water vaporRA Radar Altimeter(ERS-1)Ra Raleigh NumberRAAF Royal Australian Air Force

RAB Rabaul, PNG met station site designatorrad radiation; radian; radiometer; radarRADN radiationRAE Royal Aerospace Establishment(UK)RAF Research Aircraft Experiment; Research Aviation Facility(NCAR)Ram moist Raleigh number

RAMS Radiation Measurment System(ER-2); Regional Atmospheric ModelingSystem(CSU)RASS Radio Acoustic Sounding SystemR & AT Research and Advanced TechnologyRavg average rain rate

rb cloud base altitudeRBAR weighted aerosol radiusrc reflectivity of broken clouds; cloud albedoRe eddy Reynolds numberRcld average cloudy pixel reflectanceRclr clear-sky reflectanceRd ideal gas constant for dry air


34/46

RDF real data fineRDP Research data ProgramRDS real data smoothRDSS Research and Data Support System(NCAR)Refl reflectance

REORDER (NCAR software for radar data analysis)rep repetitionREQMTS requirementsre desired cloud reflectivityre; reff effective particle/droplet radius; cirrus cloud effective radiusres resolutionRESSAC Radar d'Etude du Spectre de Surface par Analyse Circulaire(France)

RESURS Russian satellite designed for Earth observations and for carrying high resolutionmulti-spectral camerasRev. Geophys. Reviews of GeophysicsRG8; WG7 (pyranometer dome type)RGD Raleigh-Gans-Debye approximationRGPS Radarsat Geophysical Processing System working group(NASA)RH relative humidityRHGT aircraft geometric altitude

RHI range-height indicator(scans); radar mode; elevation scan @ fixed azimuth; relativehumidity wrt iceRHOLA Lyman- hygrometerr.h.s. right hand sideRHw relative humidity wrt waterRi Richardson numberRICE Rosemount Icing detectorRM Rosemountrm mean radius of cloud dropletsRMS root-mean-squareRn Fresnel reflectance222Rn radon isotopeROCEW Role of Clouds, Energy and Water program(NSF)ROLL aircraft roll angleROWS Radar for Observing the Wave SpectrumRP Reference Publication(NASA)rp aperature radius

RPN Recherche en Precision Numerique(Canada AES)R. S. radiosoundingrs reflectivity for cloud-free ocean background; sphere radiusRsat saturation reflectanceRSC attenuated scattering ratioRSM Randall, Shao, Moeng referenceRSMAS Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science


35/46

RSTB radiometric surface temperatureRT rightR-T rainrate historyrt cloud top altitudeRTI range-time indicator

R/V research vesselrv mean volumn-radius; mean droplet radius; volumn-averaged radiusRWU (descriptor of measured water)

S lidar scanning mode: stepped or continuously pointed in different directions;stratus; South; sodar; slope of regression lines dry static energy; path lengths, sec secondSA lidar scan by rotating azimuth angle; Service d'Aeronomie(France); single aircraftSACM Smart Acoustic Current MeterSAGE I Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment I(AEM-B)SAGE II Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II(ERBS)SAGEM (R/V Valdivia log)SAIC Science Applications International CorporationSAIL Serial ASCII Instrumentation Loopssamp sampleSAR Synthetic Aperature RadarSARE (Mto France/SETIM system)SARI Subduction Accelerated Research InitiativeSASS Subsonic Assessment Program(AEAP)sat satelliteSATA Servio Aoreano de Transportes Areos(Azores)

SATNAV satellite navigationSBIR Small Business Innovative ResearchSBUV Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet instrumentSC spatial coherence cloud retrieval algorithm; Stevens and CiesielskiSc stratocumulus clouds; critical supersaturationsc entirely cloudy regionScaRaBE Scanner for Radiation Budget ExperimentSCAR A Sulphates, Clouds and Radiation-AtlanticSCAR B Smoke, Clouds and Radiation-Brazil mission(NASA)Scat scatterScatt scatterometerscc super cloud clusterSCICEX Submarine Science Ice Experiment(ONR)SCM single-column modelSCMS Small Cumulus Microphysical StudySCR Surface Contour RadarSCSI small computer systems interfaceSCT stratus-to-cumulus transition


36/46

sct scatteredScu stratocumulus cloudscud (cloud condition)SD size distribution; standard deviationSDD (type of rawinsonde)

SDF standard data format; stored data fineSDG Snow Depth GaugeSDS stored data smoothSDSMT South Dakota School of Mines and TechnologySDST Science Data Support Team(MODIS)SeaCat sea categorySeaDAS (UK C-130 recording system);(SeaWifs Data Analysis System)SeaDataTPR Sea Data Temperature and Pressure RecorderSeaMail COMSAT communicationsSEAS Shipboard Environmental Automated SystemSEASOAR Towed Profiling CTD and ADCP systemSeaWIFS Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensorsec secondSeff effective supersaturationSEM scanning electron microscopySEMAPHORE (specific objective experiment supporting ASTEX[France])sens sensorsensi sensiblesest estimated standard deviationSET (NASA Hq. organization)SETIM Service des Equipments et des Techniques Instrumentales(France)

SF upward source functionSF6 sodium hexafluorideSFC surfaceSFMR Stepped Frequency Microwave RadiometerSFS sequential forward selectionSGL single-layered cloud system with retrieved cloud propertiesSH Southern HemisphereSHEBA Surface Heat Budget in the Arctic(DOE)SHFG Spherical Harmonic Spatial Grid Method(CSU)SHOM Service Hydrographique et Oceanographique de la Marine(France)SHP shaft horsepowerSHSG Spherical Harmonic Spatial GridSI Solomon IslandsSi siliconSi ice supersaturationSIO Scripps Institute of Oceanography(University of CA-San Diego)SIRIS Stratospheric Infrared Interferometric SpectrometerSkihi (GISS atmospheric model)


37/46

SL Saberliner airplaneSLP super long playSLW supercooled liquid watersm region of small cumulus cloudsSMA Santa Maria, Azores met station ID

SMB Systems Management BranchSM Isl Santa Maria IslandSML surface mixed layerSMMR Scanning Multi-channel Microwave RadiometerSMSST satellite-measured skin surface temperatureSNI San Nicolas IslandSNOW Service d'Hydrographie at d'Oceanologie de la Marine(France)SNR signal to noise ratioso solar spectral fluxSO2 sulfur dioxideSO4-- sulfate ionSOA (ASTEX experiment-flux)SOB (ASTEX experiment-MESO)SOC (ASTEX experiment-POLDER)SOCEX I & II Southern Ocean Cloud ExperimentsSOD (ASTEX experiment-water)SODAR Sound Detection and RangingSOFIA Surface of the Ocean Fluxes and Interaction with the Atmospheresol solarsound; snd soundingSOW statement of work

SP lidar scan by rotating about pointing directionSPAN Space Physics Analysis NetworkSPCZ Southern Pacific Convergence ZoneSPDT single-pole double-throw switchSPEC Stratton Park Engineering Co., Inc.Spec Hum specific humiditySPECTRE Spectral Radiation ExperimentSPERAD Spectrally-scanning RadiometerSPFR Spectral Flux RadiometerSPOT System pour l'observation de la Terre(French satellite)Sr steradianSRB Surface Radiation BudgetSRI Stanford Research Institutess (activity during aircraft flight leg)SSB single side bandSSEC Space Science and Engineering Center(University of Wisconsin-Madison)SSFR Solar Spectral Flux RadiometerSSG Scientific Steering Group


38/46

SSH2 (16 channel radiometer used in Cirrus IFO-II on NCAR King Air)SSM Sault Ste. Marie, MI met station identifier; Special Sensor Magnetometer(DMSP)SSM/I Special Sensor Microwave/ImagerSSM/T Special Sensor Microwave/Temperature SounderSSM/T2 Special Sensor Microwave/Water Vapor Sounder

SSR Soviet Socialist RepublicSSRP Spectral Surface Radiation ProgramSSS sea-surface salinitySSSF Surface and Soundings Systems Facility(NCAR)SST sea surface temperatureSSU Statospheric Sounding UnitSsw swirling intensityST ship track mission; radiometric surface temperatureSt stratusSTA met stationstack aircraft tracks above/below each otherSTBL stratus-topped boundary layerSTC St. Cloud, MN met station identifierSTD RES standard resolutionSTEP Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange ProjectSTERAO Stratospheric-Tropospheric Experiments: Radiation, Aerosols and OzoneSTI (optical rain gage)STORM Stormscale Operational and Research Meteorology programSTP static pressureSTR (weather pattern)Strato 2C UAV for atmospheric measurments(Germany)

Strato cu stratocumulus cloudsstrue true standard deviationSTX S T Systems CorporationSUCCESS Subsonic Aircraft: Contrails and Cloud Effects Special StudySUN (workstation)sun fol sun followingSUNYA State University of New York-Albanysurf surfaceSVCA (type of weather report)S-VHS Super/Video Home SystemSW short waveSw vertical velocity skewnessSWB; SWBT visible radiationSW corr corrected irradianceSWG Science Working GroupSW-NE Southwest-NortheastSWR short-wavelength radarSwtr sea water


39/46

Symp. symposium(syn) synchroSys systemSZ lidar scan by stepping zenith anglesza solar zenith angle

T Temperature; tethered; tower system; mean temperature along flight leg; abovecloud parcel; measured IR temperature; cloud optical thickness(T-T d) dew point depressiont optical thicknessT-3K temperature threshold cloud retrieval algorithmT-39 NASA Wallops airplaneT equivalent blackbody temperatureTA tail antennaTa air temperatureTa atmospheric transmittance above cloudTACAN Tactical Air Navigation systemTAMU Texas A & M UniversityTAO tropical atmosphere oceanTAR UNIX archive file extensionTASP Tropical Area Special ProductTATDI de-iced total air temperatureTATND total air temperatureTB equivalent blackbody temperature; boundary temperatureTBB Black-body temperatureTb (GCE cloud model output related to precipitation profile)TBD to be determined

TBS Tethered Balloon SystemTC; T/C TOGA COARETC cloud temperatureTc cloud top temperatureTc cosmic noise temperature; cloud transmittance to downward direct radiationTCA TOGA COARE Central ArchiveTCBL trade-wind cumulus boundary layerTCG time code generatorTCIPO TOGA COARE International Project Office

Tcld average cloudy pixel temperature; transmittance of the cirrus layer with the cloudpresent

Tclr clear-sky brightness temperature; transmittance of the cirrus layer if it were clearTCM time compression multiplexingTCPIP TOGA COARE Program International PanelTCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet ProtocolTCPO TOGA/COARE Project OfficeTcs clear-sky temperature; clear-sky temperatureTCST TC Science Team


40/46


41/46

Tr room temperature; cloud transmittance; PRT-5 derived cloud top temperatureTrkr trackerTRMM Tropoical Rainfall Measuring Mission(Japan)Trx receiver noise temperatureTS clear-sky temperature

Ts static air temperature; surface temperatureTSCC Tilt-scan CCD CameraTSDIS TRMM Science and Data Information SystemTSEC Translinear Scanning Electro-Optical Camera(ER-2)TSF Typical Shape Function analysisTSI Thermal Systems, Inc.TSV Townsville, Australia met location designatorTt cloud-top temperatureTTB; TTF; TTR reverse flow total air temperatureTTFH; TTWH total air temperature(deiced)TTKP total air temperature(fast response K-probe)Tu cloud transmittance to upward direct radiationTurb turbulenceTUS Tucson, AZ met station designatorTUV; BUV ultraviolet radiationTUVR Total ultraviolet radiationTV televisionTWC total water contentTWP Tropical Western PacificTWTA Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier

U North-South wind component

U; Univ universityU* friction velocityu wind speed; cloud total optical depthUA University of AlaskaUA vertical air velocityUAV unmanned aerial vehicle; upper atmosphere vehicleU AZ University of ArizonaUB University of Birmingham(UK)UBLF (R/V Akademik Kurchatov radio communication call sign)Uc cell speed

UCAR University Corporation for Atmospheric ResearchUC-I University of California-IrvineUCLA University of California at Los AngelesUC-SD; U Cal-SD University of California-San DiegoUDE; U. Denver; UD University of DenverUF universal formatUGC zenith IR radiationUh aircraft constant altitude wind measurement; wind speed in the shear zone


42/46

UHA; UH University of HawaiiUHB University of Hamburg(Germany)UHF ultra high frequencyUI University of IllinoisUID east velocity component

UIR upwelling infraredUIUC University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUK United KingdomUKMO United Kingdom Meteorological OfficeUKMRF Meteorological Research Facility(UK)UL upper cloud layerULI University of Lisbon(Portugal)ULIS (Merlin IV INS type)ULS Upward Looking SonarUm cross-roll velocityUMD University of MarylandUMIST Univ. of Manchester(UK) Institute of Science and TechnologyUN United NationsUNC; UNR zenith visible radiationUND University of North DakotaUNISYS United Information SystemUNIX (AT&T Bell Labs operating system)UNOLS University National Oceanographic Laboratory SystemUPS United Parcel PostURI University of Rhode IslandURL Uniform Resource Locator(Internet)

US upwelling solar; United StatesUSAF United States Air ForceUSB University of Sabatier(France)UT universal time; upper troposphereUTC Universal Time CodeUTH upper troposphere humidityUtrech; UUTR University of Utrecht(Netherlands)UUT; U. Utah University of UtahUV ultravioletUVB; UVT ultraviolet radiationUV-b ultraviolet radiation; 280-320 nmUW; UWA; U of Wash University of Washington

u'w' surface flux of water vaporU. Wis.; UWI University of WisconsinUWO University of Wormley(UK)

V vertical resolution; East-West axis wind component; ventilation mass flux;sampling volume


43/46

(VT) temperature advection(VT d) dewpoint advection

v volometric rainfall; mean reflectivity; volts; thermopile voltage; eddy diffusivity;true air speedv2 eddy diffusivity term

V & H vertical and horizontal resolutionVa vertical air motionV-AC voltage-alternating curretVACM Vector Averaging Current MeterVAD velocity-azimuth display; vapor-phase axial deposition analysisVAFB Vandenberg Air Force BaseVALD R/V Valdivia(Germany)VAS VISSR Atmospheric Sounder(GOES)VAWR Vector Averaging Wind RecorderVAX (type of computer)Vc voltage output of radiometer being calibratedVCR video cassette recorderVCT Victoria, TX met station designatorVd mean doppler velocity; radiometer dark voltageVE East component of aircraft ground speedVf particle fall velocityVFR visual flight rulesVGA (type of video monitor)VH (ARMAR polarization mode)V & H vertical and horizontal resolutionVH-CAT (descriptor of FOKKER F-27)

VHF very high frequencyVHS Video Home SystemVID north velocity componentVIGO (ASTEX Spanish R/V)VIL Volumn Imaging LidarVIPS Video Ice Particle SamplerVIR cloud cover determined from visible and IR dataVIRL Visible and Near IR LidarVIRS Visible and Infrared ScannerVIS visibleVISSR Visible/Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer(GOES)VIZ VIZ Manufacturing Co., Phila., PA; NWS and SPECTRE sondeVLA absolute humidityVLF very low frequency

Vm voltage output of source monitor at T r; along-roll velocity; doppler velocity of particle

VMCM Vector Measuring Current MeterVME virtual memory environment


44/46

VN North component of aircraft ground speedvol volumnVOR VHF omnidirectional rangeVORTAC VHF omnirange TACANVOS volunteer observer ships

VPP (related to Mie scattering phase function)Vs volume in which radar backscatter occursVt terminal velocityVV (ARMAR polarization mode)VZ aircraft vertical velocityVZ viewing zenith angleVZI aircraft IRS vertical velocity

W West; wind component along axis perpendicular to Earth; column integral of atmospheric water vapor; integrated liquid water content; ice-water content

w vertical velocity; Western part of IFA area; air velocitywatts; mass flux velocity;mixing ratiow/ withw'v virtual potential temperature of water vaporw* convective velocityWAU Wausau, WI met station designatorWB-57F (NASA and NCAR airplanes)WC water closetWCRP World Climate Research Program(WMO)WD wind directionWDC-A World Data Center-Awe entrainment velocity

WEFAX Weather Facimile(via geosynchronous weather satellites)WETNET (network for distribution and joint analysis of SSM/I data[MSFC])WFF Wallops Flight Facility(NASA)WG Working GroupWG/DM Working Group on Data Management(ISCCP)WHOI Woods Hole Oceanographic InstituteWID vertical velocityWISP Winter Icing and Storms ProjectWL wavelengthWMC World Meteorological CenterWMO World Meteorological Organizationwo cloud single scattering albedoWOCE World Ocean Circulation Experiment(WCRP)WP wind profiler; way pointWP-3D (NOAA airplane)WPDN Wind Profiler Demonstration NetworkWPL Wave Propogation Laboratory(NOAA)wrt with respect to


45/46

WS wind speedWSCMO Weather Service Contract Meteorological ObservatoryWSfI Whole Surface ImagerWSFO Weather Service Forecast OfficeWSI Whole Sky Imager

WSMO Weather Service Meteorological ObservatoryWSO Weather Service OfficeWSW West SouthWestwT in-cloud circulation speedWW present weather codeWWB Westerly wind burstsWWW World Weather Watch(WMO)W(Z) water vapor profile

X no priorityx vapor mixing ratio of mixed eddy; wavelet location

Xals crystalsX-band 5.2-10.9 GHzXBT Expendible BathythermographXLWC; PLWC hot wire cloud liquid water contentXRF x-ray fluorescencexs saturation mixing ratio of mixed eddyXVI aircraft East-West ground speedXwind cross wind directionXXX single-layered cloud system with retrieved cloud properties

YAG yittrium-aluminum-garnetYR yearYSI Yellow Springs Instrumentation, Inc.YVI aircraft North-South ground speedYYY no cloud property retrieval

Z altitude; lidar zenith pointing: Zulu(local) timez altitude[Delta]Z vertical resolution; cloud thicknessza zenith angleZb; ZLC cloud bottom heightZc cloud top altitude; effective cloud center altitudezc cloud top[ height

ZDR (differential reflectivity)Ze observed radar reflectivityZEB zenith-enhanced backscatterZeb (NCAR software for radar data analysis)Zen zenith angleZi radar reflectivity; boundary layer depth; ice reflectivity factorZIP zone of priority investigation


46/46

ZnSe zinc selenideZNTH zenithZ-R rain rate-altitude profilezsc satellite cloud-top altitudeZsi; Z t; Zuc cloud top height

zt cloud top altitude; height of capping temperature inversion

|Home | FIRE I | FIRE II | FIRE III | FIRE IV CRYSTAL

Project Manager: Dr. Vic Delnore Archive Manager: Nancy Ritchey Webmaster: Melissa Tiffany

Documents

WX Acronymns Abbreviations Notations