x Ray Generator

July 2003

X-ray Generators

PurposeX-ray generators modify incoming voltage and cur-

rent to provide an x-ray tube with the power needed toproduce an x-ray beam of the desired peak kilovoltage(kVp) and current (mA). The generator supplies con-tinuous power to the x-ray tube for fluoroscopic exami-nations, and its switching and timing devices ensureproper timing for discrete radiographic exposures.

The x-ray generator control panel allows the selec-tion of technique factors for different radiographic,

R/F, and tomographic procedures. The control panelalso operates auxiliary devices such as film changers,photospot cameras, and automatic exposure controls(AECs).

Principles of operationThe major components of an x-ray generator are the

control panel and the transformer assembly (see Fig. 1).The control panel permits the selection of techniquefactors for radiographic or fluoroscopic examinations andthe initiation of radiographic exposures. The trans-former assembly contains transformers, rectifiers, and

193245424-010

A NONPROFIT AGENCY

Scope of this Product ComparisonThis Product Comparison covers x-ray generatorsdesigned for use as part of general-purpose radio-graphic, radiographic/fluoroscopic (R/F), to-mographic, angiographic/interventional R/F, andcardiac catheterization R/F imaging systems. Forrelated information, see the following ProductComparisons:

• Radiographic Systems, Film; Digital

• Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Systems, Angiog-raphic/Interventional; Cardiovascular

• Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Systems, General-Purpose; Cameras, Radiographic Photospot

• Radiographic/Tomographic Systems, Linear

UMDNS informationThis Product Comparison covers the following de-vice term and product code as listed in ECRI’sUniversal Medical Device Nomenclature System™(UMDNS™):

• X-ray Generators [16-602]

5200 Butler Pike, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462-1298, USATelephone +1 (610) 825-6000 � Fax +1 (610) 834-1275 � E-mail [email protected]

X-ray generator console

three major circuits — the high-voltage circuit, thefilament circuit, and the timer circuit — that supplythe x-ray tube with the necessary power to producean x-ray beam of the desired voltage, current, andduration.

Transformers modify the voltage of incoming alter-nating-current (AC) electrical signals to increase ordecrease the voltage in a circuit. A simple transformerconsists of two wire coils, called primary and secondarycoils, which are wrapped around a core of iron or othermaterial susceptible to magnetic forces. When an ACis applied to the primary coil, the resulting electromag-netic field causes a current to flow through the secon-dary coil. The current and voltage induced in thesecondary coil are related to the initial current andvoltage by the ratio of the number of turns of the twocoils, as expressed by the following equation:

T1°/T2° = V1°/V2°

where T1° and T2° are the number of turns for theprimary and secondary coils and V1° and V2° are theprimary and secondary voltages.

In a step-up transformer, voltage increases andcurrent decreases in the secondary circuit because thesecondary coil contains more turns than the primarycoil. Conversely, in a step-down transformer, voltagedecreases and current increases in the secondary cir-cuit because the primary coil contains more turns thanthe secondary coil.

In the transformer assembly, one circuit containinga step-up transformer supplies the high voltage to the

x-ray tube; another circuit containing a step-downtransformer supplies power to heat the filament of thex-ray tube. An autotransformer, a specialized type ofvariable transformer that includes a single coil of wirewrapped around an iron core, supplies the voltage forthese two circuits and provides a location for the kVpmeter, which indicates the voltage applied across thex-ray tube.

Rectification

Rectifiers in the transformer assembly convert ACinto the direct current (DC) required by the x-ray tube(see Fig. 2). A rectifier restricts current flow in an x-raytube to one direction (from cathode to anode), therebypreventing damage to the x-ray tube filament. Thereare two types of rectification — half wave and fullwave; all x-ray generators listed in the chart use full-wave rectification. Typically, in half-wave rectifica-tion, two rectifiers are connected in series with thex-ray tube, with one on either side. As a result, elec-trons can flow from cathode to anode during the firsthalf of each AC cycle but are blocked during the secondhalf-cycle. In full-wave rectification, two pairs of recti-fiers are configured to operate alternately, and elec-trons flow from cathode to anode during both halves ofthe AC cycle in a pulsating current. While both vac-uum-tube and solid-state rectifiers are available, solid-state silicon rectifiers are now most widely used.

Depending on the rectifiers and components in-cluded in the high-voltage circuit, the secondary volt-age waveform presented to the x-ray tube can besingle-phase, full-wave rectified; 3-phase, 6-pulse; 3-phase, 12-pulse; high-frequency; or constant potential.Examples of each voltage waveform are shown alongwith the corresponding radiation intensity waveformsin Figure 3.

The ideal secondary voltage waveform for presenta-tion to the x-ray tube is a flat DC waveform with notemporal variations in voltage. Waveforms that devi-ate from this ideal lower the efficiency of x-ray produc-tion. Efficiency is affected by the ripple factor of the

X-ray Tube

Control PanelLine Voltage

Autotransformer

FilamentCircuit

Transformer Assembly

C15

6UN

1A

mA Selector

Timer Controls

kV Selector

High-VoltageCircuit

Timer Circuit

Figure 1. X-ray generator components

Healthcare Product Comparison System

2 ©2003 ECRI. Duplication of this page by any means for any purpose is prohibited.

voltage waveform (the difference between the mini-mum and maximum x-ray tube voltages, expressed asa percentage of the maximum voltage) presented to thex-ray tube. Generators with a lower ripple factor havea greater x-ray output. The ripple factor for a single-phase generator is 100% because the voltage increasesfrom 0 to a maximum value with each wave cycle. Theripple factor for a 3-phase, 6-pulse generator is 13.5%because at 100 kV, the voltage fluctuates between86.5 and 100 kV; ripple is accentuated when 3-phasegenerators are operated under load (i.e., operatingconditions).

High-voltage circuit

The high-voltage circuit provides the electricalpower needed to accelerate the flow of electrons fromthe cathode to the anode of the x-ray tube to producex-rays of the specified kVp and waveform. Also calledthe cathode-anode circuit, the high-voltage circuit con-sists of a step-up transformer (also called the high-voltage transformer) and an autotransformer. Becausethe potential difference across the secondary coil maybe as great as 150,000 volts (V), the step-up trans-former is sealed within an oil-filled tank, which en-hances heat dissipation and provides electricalinsulation between various components.

A kVp meter and an mA meter are incorporated intothe high-voltage circuit to monitor, respectively, thepotential across the x-ray tube and the current throughthe tube during an exposure. The kVp meter is usuallylocated between the autotransformer and the step-up

Vol

tage

Rad

iatio

nIn

tens

ity

a. Ideal DC

b. Single-phase, half-wave rectified

c. Single-phase, full-wave rectified

d. Three-phase, six-pulse

e. Three-phase, twelve-pulse

f. High-frequency

g. Constant potential

C15

6UN

1D

Time Time

160 sec

160 sec

160 sec

160 sec

1500 sec

160 sec

a. 60 Hz AC waveforms from power company

b. Half-wave rectification of same signal

c. Full-wave rectification of same signal

Vo

ltag

e

C15

6UN

1B

Figure 2. Voltage waveforms demonstratingrectification

Figure 3. Secondary voltage waveforms (left) andradiation intensity waveforms (right)

X-ray Generators

©2003 ECRI. Duplication of this page by any means for any purpose is prohibited. 3

transformer; the mA meter is connected in the secon-dary coil of the step-up transformer.

Before reaching the step-up transformer, the inputvoltage is shunted to the autotransformer. When aparticular kVp is selected, an appropriate pair of sec-ondary taps in the autotransformer is automaticallyconnected into the circuit to provide the correct inputvoltage to the step-up transformer for the specifiedoutput voltage. The primary voltage is increased by afactor of approximately 600 to achieve the voltagerequired for radiographic and fluoroscopic exposures.

Filament circuit

The filament circuit supplies the x-ray tube filament(a coiled tungsten wire that emits electrons whenheated) with the voltage needed to provide the desiredtube current. A step-down transformer — the filamenttransformer — supplies the power to heat the tubefilament, which is connected directly to the secondarycoil of the transformer. The voltage of the primary coil(100 to 220 V) is provided by tapping off a number ofturns from the autotransformer. The step-down trans-former converts this voltage to the potential differencerequired by the tube filament, which is approximately10 V. If an x-ray tube with dual focal spots is used, thefilament circuit includes a separate transformer foreach filament.

Because small changes in filament current yieldlarge changes in tube current, the filament voltagemust be precisely controlled. Therefore, resistors areplaced in the circuit leading to the autotransformer, andselectable resistance is controlled by a switch on thecontrol panel. Additional components of the filamentcircuit include a voltage stabilizer that carefully regu-lates filament voltage and a device that compensatesfor the changes in x-ray tube current caused by changesin the selected kVp (line voltage compensation).

Types of x-ray generators

Single-phase, full-wave rectified generators and sin-gle-phase, two-pulse generators use single-phase linevoltage input to the primary circuit. A bridge of fourrectifiers included in the secondary coil of the high-voltage circuit permits current flow from the x-ray tubecathode and anode during both halves of the alternat-ing cycle. The resulting voltage waveform includes 2x-ray pulses per cycle, or 120 pulses per second. Theaverage x-ray tube voltage is substantially lower thanthe peak x-ray tube voltage, and the ripple factor is100%.

Three-phase, full-wave rectified waveforms are pro-duced by high-voltage circuits containing threeautotransformers and three windings on both the

primary and secondary coils of the high-voltage trans-former. When the three windings are electrically con-nected in a wye configuration (shaped like the letterY), a 120° phase difference in the voltage waveform isproduced. When the three windings are arranged in adelta configuration (shaped like a triangle), a 150°phase difference in the voltage waveform is produced.Three-phase, 6-pulse generators have a wye trans-former and six rectifiers in their secondary coil; theresulting waveform consists of 6 pulses per cycle, or360 pulses per second (for a 60-hertz [Hz] supply).Three-phase, 12-pulse generators have one delta andone wye transformer and 12 rectifiers in their secon-dary coil; the resulting waveform consists of 12 pulsesper cycle, or 720 pulses per second. Because three-phase generators produce outputs much closer to theideal DC than do single-phase models, they producex-rays more efficiently.

High-frequency, or multipulse, generators operatesomewhat differently from traditional single- andthree-phase generators, because they have additionalcomponents in the high-voltage circuit. The 50 or 60Hz line voltage (either single- or three-phase) is recti-fied and filtered to create a nearly DC signal. Next, ahigh-frequency inverter, or oscillator, circuit convertsthis DC voltage into a sinusoidal waveform with afrequency as high as 100 kilohertz (kHz). This signalis then input to a single high-voltage transformer.Full-wave rectification on the secondary side of thehigh-voltage circuit doubles the number of x-ray pulsesper second to as high as 200,000.

A capacitor, located in the high-voltage circuit be-fore the x-ray tube, smooths the full-wave rectifiedwaveform, reducing the ripple factor to approximately2%. The resultant measured waveform has ripple simi-lar to that of waveforms produced by 3-phase or 6- or12-pulse generators, reflecting highly efficient x-rayproduction. This waveform is identical for single- orthree-phase input power.

Because high-frequency generators produce a mul-tipulse wave with low ripple, more accurate timing ispossible, and patient exposure is lessened. An addi-tional advantage of high-frequency generators is theirsmall size — the transformer assembly for a high kW,high-frequency generator is about 1/3 the size of a highkW, 12-pulse generator. Low kW, high-frequency gen-erators do not require a separate transformer housing;they can be housed together with the x-ray tube in anormal-sized tube shield, thus eliminating the need forhigh-voltage cables.

Constant-potential generators, which produce a trueDC, are a variation on the 3-phase, 12-pulse circuit.Two triode (three-electrode) or tetrode (four-electrode)



control vacuum tubes are placed between the output ofthe transformer’s secondary wye and delta windingsand the cathode and anode ends of the x-ray tube.Each control tube contains an electrode called a grid.Modifications of the voltage applied to the grid causethe control tube to act as a variable resistance, thuschanging the magnitude of the voltage reaching thex-ray tube. A comparator circuit reads the voltageoutputs at the two control tubes and alters their re-spective grid bias voltages to maintain a constantpotential difference across the x-ray tube. The re-sponse of the comparator circuit and control tubes isnearly instantaneous, resulting in a DC voltage wave-form reaching the x-ray tube. Some constant-potentialgenerators use solid-state field-effect transistorsrather than tetrode/triode control tubes to produce aripple-free DC output.

Timer circuit

The timer circuit initiates the radiographic expo-sure, sustains it for a preset length of time, and termi-nates it. A timer mechanism controls the length of theexposure, and switches initiate and terminate the ex-posure. Typical exposure times range from 1/120 of asecond to 6 seconds. Controls for the timer circuit arelocated on the control panel. The actual timer andswitch units are contained in the high-voltage circuit.

Three types of timer mechanisms have been used inx-ray generators — mechanical, synchronous, andelectronic. Mechanical timers are similar to spring-driven kitchen timers; the exposure duration is deter-mined by the length of time required for the spring tounwind from a preset, calibrated position. Becausethey are accurate to only about 1/4 of a second, they areunsuitable for standard x-ray exposures, which areoften much shorter than that.

Synchronous timers are driven by synchronous mo-tors, which operate in tandem with the 60 Hz powerfrequency. These timers allow exposures to begin andend only at zero-crossings of the sinusoidal, 60 Hzvoltage waveform and consequently offer preciselytimed x-ray exposures in multiples of 1/120 of a second;however, they are unable to provide exposures in themillisecond (msec) range or a rapid series of repeatedexposures.

Electronic timers are most commonly used in x-raygenerators. Their operation is based on the timeneeded to charge or discharge a capacitor, as deter-mined by the value of a variable resistance in the timercircuit; selecting an exposure time from the controlpanel adjusts this resistance to the proper value.When used with electronic switches, electronic timers

can provide accurate exposures as brief as 1 msec, aswell as a rapid series of repeated exposures.

Switching mechanisms are classified as primary orsecondary according to their location in the high-volt-age circuit. Primary switching is less complicated andexpensive because it is easier and safer to switch thelower primary voltages on and off. Three types ofprimary switches are electromechanical contactors,thyratrons, and silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs).

An electromechanical contactor causes a spring-loaded plunger to open or close a circuit when a currentis applied to an electromagnetic coil. Because of iner-tia, these contactors are slow to respond, and theirability to handle a rapid series of repeated exposuresis consequently limited. They are also expensive tomaintain.

Thyratrons are gas-filled, hot cathode tubes thatfunction as electronic switches. A grid is usually nega-tively charged to prevent current flow through thethyratron tube, which in turn prevents current flowthrough the high-voltage circuit. If the negativecharge on the grid is sufficiently reduced, a continuousflow of current results, allowing x-rays to be produced.A second thyratron is necessary to terminate the expo-sure. Thyratrons respond quickly (because of lack ofinertia) and are able to handle rapid sequences ofexposures, but they generate large amounts of heatand are expensive to maintain.

SCRs, also called thyristors, are the solid-state ana-logs of thyratrons, retaining the advantages of thyra-trons without the disadvantages. They can be used insynchronized or unsynchronized switching configura-tions. In synchronized switching, the SCRs begin andend their conduction of current flow only at zero-cross-ings of the 60 Hz line voltage, resulting in x-ray expo-sure durations that are precisely timed to multiples of1/120 of a second (8.33 msec). Unsynchronized switch-ing allows x-ray exposures to be initiated and termi-nated independently of zero-crossings. The high-speedelectronic precontacting feature allows a response timeof 1 to 2 msec for the initiation of an exposure, thepulsed commutation feature allows the initiation of anexposure without regard to synchrony with zero-cross-ings, and the forced extinction termination featureallows termination of an exposure without regard tozero-crossings. This combination of features reducesexposure durations to 1 to 2 msec and makes a rapidseries of repeated exposures possible.

The two available secondary switching mechanismsare triode or tetrode switch tubes and grid-controlledx-ray tubes; both are complex and expensive. Triode ortetrode switching tubes are used in constant-potential

X-ray Generators


generators; as described earlier, they are the sametubes used to maintain a constant voltage across thex-ray tube. In addition to this function, the grid biasvoltage also acts to initiate and terminate x-ray expo-sures by conducting and blocking current flow to thex-ray tube. Response time is nearly instantaneous,exposures as short as 0.5 msec are possible, and anextremely rapid series of exposures can be produced.

In grid-controlled x-ray tubes, a grid bias voltage isalso used to switch x-ray tube current flow on and off.In this case, the grid is the focusing cup of the x-raytube’s cathode itself. Applying a small (2 to 3 V) biasvoltage to the grid prevents electron flow to the anode,while removing the bias voltage allows current flowand the production of x-rays. Grid-controlled x-raytubes are used primarily in fluoroscopy, providing upto 500 exposures per second.

Other generator features

Additional features available to improve the per-formance of x-ray generators include radiographicAEC, anatomic programming, and fluoroscopic auto-matic brightness control.

AEC automatically terminates radiographic expo-sures when sufficient x-ray intensity to provide accept-able film darkening has reached the x-ray filmcassette. This feature ensures the production of satis-factory images, reducing the chance that human errorwill necessitate repeat exposures. AEC detectors,sometimes called phototimers, include one or moreelements placed in front of or behind the film cassette.The two most common types of detectors used in AECare photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and ionization cham-bers. PMTs collect the light emitted as x-rays strike afluorescent material and convert the light intensityinto a current proportional to the total x-ray intensityreaching the fluorescent material. (Solid-state photo-diodes are sometimes used instead of PMTs.)

The ionization chambers used in AEC are typicallyflat-plate, gas-filled chambers. As x-rays pass throughthe chamber, they ionize the gas molecules, creating acurrent proportional to the radiation intensity reachingthe chamber. Both types of AEC detectors are calibratedso that a predetermined current provides the desired filmdensity. When this current level is achieved, the termi-nation switch in the generator timer circuit automat-ically activates. An SCR switch with forced extinctiontermination allows the extremely short, precisely timedexposures required for rare-earth film/screen combina-tions. Forced extinction is not needed with high-fre-quency generators operating above 50 kHz because lowerripple and faster exposure times make AEC more accu-rate and reproducible.

Standard AECs require the technologist to selectspecific kVp and mA settings on the control panel, withthe exposure time automatically determined by theAEC circuit.

Anatomic programming is often used to select kVand mA for each examination. These values are pre-programmed into the control console based on an in-stitution’s programs. Generators featuring anatomicprogramming include an additional series of push but-tons on the control panel that are labeled with variousanatomic regions and projections and preset to repre-sent a fixed set of technique factors of the user’s choice,including kVp, mA, and AEC timing or exposure time.Supplemental fine adjustments account for variationsin patient size and density. The technologist can pre-pare the generator for an x-ray exposure by selectinga single button, without having to consult the tech-nique chart typically used for manual exposure selec-tion. In addition to this ease of operation, anatomicprogramming ensures consistent technique factors with-in a department and allows them to be changed quicklyand accurately during the course of an examination.

In fluoroscopy, a constant brightness at the outputphosphor of the image intensifier should be main-tained so that the image does not lighten or darkenmarkedly when scanning varying thicknesses of pa-tient anatomy or introducing contrast media. Fluoro-scopic automatic brightness control regulatesfluoroscopic image brightness by adjusting the gener-ator technique settings to provide a fixed radiationexposure rate at the image intensifier’s input phos-phor. Various types of detectors are available to moni-tor the image intensifier’s photocathode current andluminance at its output phosphor as well as the videosignal intensity at the camera CRT (cathode ray tube).In each case, as changes are detected, the automaticbrightness control circuit immediately adjusts the kVpand/or mA output of the generator to restore the de-sired radiation exposure rate at the image intensifier’sinput phosphor, concurrently restoring the desiredimage brightness.

Reported problemsX-ray generators must be operated by knowledge-

able individuals to avoid potential problems related toautomatic features and fluoroscopic radiation expo-sure. Careful patient positioning is required for opti-mal performance of AEC devices and anatomicprogramming. Errors in patient positioning can resultin rejected films and repeat examinations, which un-necessarily increase patient radiation exposure andexamination costs.



Fluoroscopic examinations must be conducted withgreat caution to minimize radiation exposure to pa-tients and tableside personnel. In the United States,federal and state regulations limit generators’ expo-sure rates to 5 or 10 roentgens per minute (R/min) atthe location where the radiation beam enters the pa-tient (depending on specification). Under typical con-ditions of fluoroscopic operation, patient skin entranceexposure is in the range of 2 to 5 R/min. To minimizepatient radiation exposure, a fluoroscopic examina-tion should involve as little beam-on time as possible,and the monitor’s last-image-hold feature should beused, if available, to retain the image on the monitorscreen after the fluoroscopic exposure. To minimizepersonnel radiation exposure, protective garmentsand beam-shielding devices must be used, and dis-tance from the radiation beam should be maximized.In addition, the fluoroscopic exposure rate should bemeasured quarterly by a medical physicist to ensuresafety and regulatory compliance and to monitor theperformance consistency of the automatic brightnesscontrol feature.

Purchase considerationsThe x-ray generator and radiographic or R/F table

are the primary components of any x-ray room. Eachmust be selected in consideration of both clinical needsand cost-effectiveness. For x-ray generators, the pri-mary selection factors are secondary waveform type,power rating, timing capabilities, and compatibilitywith other system components.

As noted previously, the secondary waveform typedetermines the efficiency of x-ray production, includ-ing the magnitude of ripple and the ratio of average topeak x-ray tube voltage. Single-phase, full-wave rec-tified secondary waveforms provide the least efficientproduction of x-rays, which results in longer radio-graphic exposure times and higher patient radiationexposure than for the same examination using thesame kVp (because of higher skin exposure from low-energy x-rays that do not reach the image receptor). Inaddition, single-phase generators cause increasedx-ray tube anode heating, thus restricting small focalspot examinations and reducing tube life. Three-phasegenerators (and other generators producing wave-forms with low ripple) allow higher mA exposures atshorter exposure times, thus reducing motion un-sharpness and producing higher-quality radiographsfor many examinations. If three-phase power serviceis not available at a location proposed for it, powerinstallation costs must be added to the project budget.

Power ratings, in units of kilowatts (kW), describethe maximum kilovoltage (kV) and mA capabilities of

the generator under load. The following formula isused to calculate power ratings for three-phasegenerators:

kW = (kVp × mA) ÷ 1,000

For single-phase generators:

kW = (kVp × mA × 0.7) ÷ 1,000

For most generators, the power rating is not con-stant over the entire kV range, and the maximum mAand kVp values cannot be obtained simultaneously.For this reason, it is important to carefully examinethe way the manufacturer indicates this information.Typically, power ratings are specified at 100 kVp, withmaximum mA values listed for several different kVpvalues.

The power rating and timing capabilities of a newgenerator should be selected based on the types ofexaminations to be performed and the operating tech-nique factors required with the type of generator se-lected. For example, an examination using athree-phase or high-frequency generator requireslower kVp and/or mAs than the same examinationusing a single-phase generator. Routine radiographic,angiographic, fluoroscopic, and tomographic proce-dures also vary in their kVp and mAs requirements.

All x-ray system components must also be selectedfor compatibility as an integrated system. Specifically,it is critical to choose compatible x-ray tubes and gen-erators so that all features of both components can befully utilized. Positioning the generator too far fromthe x-ray tube may cause distortions in voltage wave-forms and timing responses caused by capacitance inexcessively long high-voltage cables.

Cost containment

A purchase decision should be based on issues suchas life-cycle cost, local service support, discount ratesand non-price-related benefits offered by the supplier,and standardization with existing equipment in thedepartment or hospital (i.e., purchasing all x-ray gen-erators from one supplier). The initial acquisition costis only a fraction of the total cost of operation. There-fore, before making a purchase decision based solely onthe acquisition cost of an x-ray generator, buyersshould consider operating costs over the lifetime of theequipment. The following costs should be consideredwhen purchasing an x-ray generator:

• Special features (e.g., pulsed fluoroscopy capability)

• Service contract

• X-ray tube replacement

• Utilities

X-ray Generators


• Accessories, such as glassware, parts, and qualitycontrol devices

• Contributions to overhead

For customized analyses and purchase decision sup-port, readers should contact ECRI’s SELECT™ Group.

Hospitals can purchase service contracts or serviceon a time-and-materials basis from the supplier. Serv-ice may also be available from a third-party organiza-tion. The decision to purchase a service contract shouldbe carefully considered. Purchasing a service contractensures that preventive maintenance will be per-formed at regular intervals, thereby reducing the pos-sibility of unexpected maintenance costs. Also, manysuppliers do not extend system performance and up-time guarantees beyond the length of the warrantyunless the system is covered by a service contract.ECRI recommends that, to maximize bargaining lev-erage, hospitals negotiate pricing for service contractsbefore the system is purchased. Additional servicecontract discounts may be negotiable for multiple-yearagreements or for service contracts that are bundledwith contracts on other generators in the departmentor hospital. Purchasing multiple generators from onesupplier could result in a significant discount. Stand-ardizing equipment can make staff training easier,simplify servicing and parts acquisition, and providegreater bargaining leverage when negotiating newequipment purchases and/or service contract costs.

Stage of developmentMicroprocessor-controlled and modular x-ray gener-

ators have been available for several years. Microproc-essor-controlled generators provide extensiveautomatic operation, which simplifies use and allowsthe technologist to spend more time on patient posi-tioning. Automatic controls also reduce the likelihoodof operator errors that require retakes, thus reducingradiation exposure to patients and operators. In addi-tion, microprocessor-controlled generators feature in-ternal self-diagnostics, which cause an error messageto appear on the console when a component malfunc-tions. Modular generators are individually con-structed to incorporate the purchaser’s selection ofoptional features. Solid-state electronic componentshave reduced generator sizes, simplified repairs, andaided the development of shared generators, which areused to control several x-ray rooms simultaneously.

Bibliography

Balter S. X-ray generation and control. CatheterCardiovasc Interv 1999 Jan;46(1):92-7.

Curry TS 3rd, Dowdey JE, Murry RC Jr. Christensen’sphysics of diagnostic radiology. 4th ed. Philadel-phia: Lea & Febiger; 1990.

Hendee WR, Ritenour ER. Medical imaging physics.4th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby-Year Book; 2002.

Hiss SS. Understanding radiography. 3rd ed. Spring-field (IL): Charles C Thomas; 1993.

Noce JP. Diagnostic x-ray fundamentals: the gener-ator. Biomed Instrum Technol 1993 May-Jun;32(3):318-20.

Standards and guidelines

Note: Although every effort is made to ensure that thefollowing list is comprehensive, please note that otherapplicable standards may exist.

American Association of Physicists in Medicine. Per-formance specifications and acceptance testing forx-ray generators and automatic exposure controldevices [report].

Diagnostic X-ray Imaging/X-ray Generators andAutomatic Exposure Control (AEC) Devices TaskGroup. 14. 1985.

British Standards Institution. Specification for high-voltage generators of diagnostic x-ray generators[standard]. BS 5724:Section 2.7. 1987.

International Electrotechnical Commission. Medicalelectrical equipment — part 1: general require-ments for safety [standard]. IEC 60601-1 (1988-12).1988.

Medical electrical equipment — part 1: general re-quirements for safety. Amendment 1 [standard].IEC 60601-1-am1 (1991-11). 1991.

Medical electrical equipment — part 1: general re-quirements for safety. Amendment 2 [standard].IEC 60601-1-am2 (1995-03). 1995.

Medical electrical equipment — part 1: general re-quirements for safety. Section 2. Collateral stand-ard: electromagnetic compatibility — requirementsand tests. IEC 60601-1-2 (1993-04). 1993.

Medical electrical equipment — part 2: particularrequirements for the safety of associated equipmentof x-ray equipment [standard]. IEC 60601-2-31.(1994-03). 1994.

Medical electrical equipment — part 2: particularrequirements for the safety of high voltage gener-ators of diagnostic x-ray generators [standard]. IEC60601-2-7. (1998-02). 1998.



National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Powersupply guidelines for x-ray machines [standard].1984 (revised 1989, 1994; reaffirmed 1999).

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Foodand Drug Administration. Diagnostic x-ray systemsand their major components. 21 CFR 1020.30. 2000.

Additional performance and safety standards areincluded in the radiation protection codes of individualstates and countries. The Joint Commission on Ac-creditation of Healthcare Organizations and the U.S.Food and Drug Administration (as per 21 CFR Part1000), as well as several international organizations,have developed recommendations and requirementsfor acceptance testing and periodic calibration of x-rayequipment, including x-ray generators.

Citations from other ECRI publicationsHealth Devices

Radiographic quality control devices [evaluation].2000 Apr;29(4):97-139.

Eye on medical errors: radiographic QA programs helpensure high-quality healthcare. 2000 Apr;29(4):100-1.

Health Devices Alerts

This Product Comparison lists Health Devices Alerts(HDA) citations published since the last update of thisreport. Each HDA abstract is identified by an Acces-sion Number. Recalls and hazard reports include de-scriptions of the problem involved; abstracts of otherpublished articles are referenced by bibliographic in-formation. HPCS subscribers can call the Hotline foradditional information on any of these citations or torequest more extensive searches of the HDA database.

A4443 FDA has designated Class II Recall No. Z-0494-1 certain Philips Optimus CP x-ray generator firm-ware. If a bolus run is started on the systems, theinjector may inject contrast medium without exposure.The distributer initiated a recall by field change orderon February 16, 2001. If you system has not beenmodified, or for further information, contact PhilipsMedical Systems North America by telephone at (800)455-4350. Source: FDA Enforcement Rep 2001 Apr 25;Distributor.

A4493 FDA has designated Class II Recall Nos.Z-579/581-1 certain Toshiba x-ray generator/controls.The x-ray generator/controls do not comply with21 CFR 1020.31(a)(2) because exposure nontermina-tion can occur as a result of tube arcing. The manufac-turer initiated a recall by letter dated July 19, 2001.Identify any affected product in your inventory. Followthe instructions for safe use of the x-ray generators.

For further information, contact Toshiba’s Assist Cen-ter by telephone at (800) 521-1968. Source: FDA En-forcement Rep 2001 Jul 25; Manufacturer.

A4714 Great Britain. Medical Devices Agency. X-raygenerator exposure timer: manual timer selectorswitch on Picker R703 MkII and R500 MkII gener-ators. London: Department of Health; 2002 Mar. 3 p.(Safety notice; no. SN2002[09]).

A5160 FDA has designated Class II Recall No. Z-0649-03certain Sedecal high-voltage generators and controls.The generators fail to comply with the U.S. federalperformance standard due to incorrect identificationlabels and failure to use the required sampling for thecertification testing program. The distributor initiateda recall by letter dated April 9, 2003. Verify receipt ofthe April 9, 2003, letter from Sedecal. For furtherinformation, contact Sedecal by telephone at (847)394-6960. Source: FDA Enforcement Rep 2003 Apr 30;Distributor.

39249 Davidson RA. Determination of radiographiccharacteristics of tissue compensation filters using aCompton scatter technique. Australas Phys Eng SciMed 2001 Sep;24(3):166-71.

39625 Wang JX, Zhang LA, Li BX, et al. Cancer inci-dence and risk estimation among medical x-ray work-ers in China, 1950-1995. Health Phys 2002 Apr;82(4):455-66.

Supplier information

Americomp

Americomp Inc [170184]2901 W Lawrence AveChicago IL 60625-3621Phone: (773) 588-2444, (800) 458-1782Fax: (773) 583-1751E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.americompus.net

Amrad

Summit Industries Inc [171242]2901 W Lawrence AveChicago IL 60625-3621Phone: (773) 588-2444, (800) 972-9776Fax: (773) 588-3424E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.summitindustries.net

X-ray Generators


Apelem

Apelem SA [194762]Parc Scientifique Georges Besse175 allee Von NeumannF-30035 Nimes CedexFrancePhone: 33 (466) 290907Fax: 33 (466) 297123E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.apelem.com

Control-X

Control-X Medical Inc [108554]2289 Westbrooke Dr Bldg CColumbus OH 43228-9644Phone: (614) 777-9729, (800) 777-9729Fax: (614) 777-0395E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.cxmed.com

CPI

Communications & Power Industries Inc (CPI)[272875]607 Hansen WayPalo Alto CO 94394-1130Phone: (650) 846-3645Fax: (650) 846-3276Internet: http://www.cpii.com

Communications & Power Industries Inc (CPI)Canada [272874]45 River DrGeorgetown ON L7G 2J4CanadaPhone: (905) 877-0161, (888) 274-9729Fax: (905) 877-5327E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.cpii.com/cmp

Daeyoung

Daeyoung Medical Systems [202155]638-2 Sangelo 1-dongDong Jak-kuSeoul 156-031Republic of KoreaPhone: 82 (2) 8259231Fax: 82 (2) 8259232E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.dae-young.co.kr

Del Medical

Del Medical Systems Group [376429]11550 W King StFranklin Park IL 60131-1851Phone: (847) 288-7000, (800) 800-6006Fax: (847) 288-7011E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.delmedical.com

emd Technologies

emd Technologies [393535]310 Blvd IndustrielSt-Eustache PQ J7R 5R4CanadaPhone: (450) 491-2100, (888) 491-2100Fax: (450) 491-4138E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.emd-tech.net

emd Technologies Europe SA [393559]58 rue Roger SalengroF-94126 Fontenay-sous-Bois CedexFrancePhone: 33 (1) 45140606Fax: 33 (1) 48762514E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.emd-tech.net

Furrer

Furrer Roentgentechnik [168492]Bueelmatt 12CH-6204 SempachSwitzerlandPhone: 41 (41) 4602120Fax: 41 (41) 4603283E-mail: [email protected]

GE Medical

GE Medical Systems [102107]PO Box 414Milwaukee WI 53201-0414Phone: (262) 544-3011, (800) 643-6439Fax: (262) 544-3384Internet: http://www.gemedicalsystems.com

GE Medical Systems Asia (Japan) [300443]4-7-127 AsahigaokaHino-shiTokyo 191-8503JapanPhone: 81 (3) 425826820Fax: 81 (3) 425826830Internet: http://www.gemedical.co.jp



GE Medical Systems Canada [174606]2300 Meadowvale BlvdMississauga ON L5N 5P9CanadaPhone: (800) 668-0732Fax: (905) 567-2115Internet: http://www.gemedicalsystems.ca

GE Medical Systems Europe [171319]283 rue de la Miniereboite postale 34F-78533 Buc CedexFrancePhone: 33 (1) 30704040Fax: 33 (1) 30709855E-mail: [email protected]:http://www.gemedicalsystemseurope.com/frfr

GTR Labs

GTR Labs Inc [384436]510 Elk StGassaway WV 26624Phone: (304) 364-2211, (888) 871-9232Fax: (304) 364-2212E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.gtrllc.com

LISTEM

LISTEM Corp [392886]414-1 Chongchon-2 dongPupyong-guInchonRepublic of KoreaPhone: 82 (32) 5155511Fax: 82 (32) 5129814E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.listem.co.kr

LISTEM USA Inc [393197]5200 NW 43rd St Suite 102 PMB 338Gainesville FL 32606Phone: (352) 271-5232Fax: (352) 271-8978E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.listem.co.kr

Meditech

Meditech Roentgensysteme GmbH [282234]Kardinal-von-Galen-Strasse 12D-33332 GueterslohGermanyPhone: 49 (5241) 95555Fax: 49 (5241) 955599E-mail: [email protected]

Medstone

Medstone International Ltd [372618]Medstone HouseRidge Way Donibristle Industrial ParkDalgety Bay, Fife KY11 5JNScotlandPhone: 44 (1383) 821890Fax: 44 (1383) 821877E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.medstone.co.uk

Metaltronica

Metaltronica srl [176850]via della Pisana 431I-00163 RomaItalyPhone: 39 (06) 66160206Fax: 39 (06) 66160357E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.metaltronica.com

Pacioni

Pacioni & C snc [227240]via Peralba 18-20I-00141 RomaItalyPhone: 39 (06) 8170030Fax: 39 (06) 8170030E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.pacioni-c.com

Philips

Philips Medical Systems Asia [188101]30/Fl Hopewell Centre17 Kennedy RoadWanchaiHong Kong SARPeople’s Republic of ChinaPhone: 852 28215888Fax: 852 25276727E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.medical.philips.com

Philips Medical Systems North America [102120]22100 Bothell Everett HwyPO Box 3003Bothell WA 98041-3003Phone: (425) 487-7000, (800) 526-4963Fax: (425) 485-6080E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.medical.philips.com

X-ray Generators


Philips Nederland bv Medical Systems [152365]Postbus 90050NL-5600 PB EindhovenThe NetherlandsPhone: 31 (40) 2782559Fax: 31 (40) 2780160E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.medical.philips.com

Rendix

Rendix Ltd [179167]PO Box 2183Qiryat Tivon IL-36094IsraelPhone: 972 (4) 9590233Fax: 972 (4) 9937104E-mail: [email protected]

Shimadzu

Shimadzu (Asia Pacific) PTE Ltd [172209]16 Science Park Drive #01-02 The PasteurSingapore Science ParkSingapore 118227Republic of SingaporePhone: 65 7786280Fax: 65 7792935E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.shimadzuasiapac.com.ag

Shimadzu Europe GmbH [161064]Albert-Hahn-Strasse 6-10D-47269 DuisburgGermanyPhone: 49 (203) 76870Fax: 49 (203) 766625E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.shimadzu.de

Shimadzu Medical Systems [106973]20101 S Vermont AveTorrance CA 90502-3130Phone: (310) 217-8855, (800) 228-1429Fax: (310) 217-0661E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.shimadzu.com

Shimadzu Medical Systems Oceania Pty Ltd[408259]Unite E/F 10-16 South StreetRydalmere 2116NSWAustraliaPhone: 61 (2) 96844200Fax: 61 (2) 96844055E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.shimadzu.com.au

SMAM

SMAM srl [177065]via Tiziano 24I-20053 Muggio MIItalyPhone: 39 (039) 2781554Fax: 39 (039) 790213E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.smam.it

Stadler

Stadler Elektronik AG [428453]Bahnhofstrasse 16CH-6014 Littau/LucerneSwitzerlandPhone: 41 (41) 2505633Fax: 41 (41) 2505677E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.stadler-elektronik.com

Stephanix

Stephanix [401705]boite postale 294F-42014 Saint EtienneFrancePhone: 33 (4) 77478160Fax: 33 (4) 77375519E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.stephanix.com

Toshiba

Toshiba America Medical Systems Inc [101894]2441 Michelle DrPO Box 2068Tustin CA 92680-7047Phone: (714) 730-5000, (800) 421-1968Fax: (714) 832-2570E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.medical.toshiba.com

Toshiba CorpMedical Systems Co Ltd [140664]1385 ShimoishigamiOtawara-shi, Tochigi Pref 324-8550JapanPhone: 81 (287) 266301Fax: 81 (287) 266050E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.toshiba-medical.co.jp



Toshiba Medical (Australia) Pty Ltd [373230]5 Byfield StreetNorth Ryde, NSW 2113AustraliaPhone: 61 (2) 98876000Fax: 61 (2) 98874866Internet: http://www.medical.toshiba.com.au

Toshiba Medical Systems Europe bv [160817]Zilverstraat 1NL-2718 RP ZoetermeerThe NetherlandsPhone: 31 (79) 3689222Fax: 31 (79) 3689444E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.toshiba-europe.com/medical

Villa

Villa Sistemi Medicali SpA [156442]via delle Azalee 3I-20090 Buccinasco MIItalyPhone: 39 (02) 488591Fax: 39 (02) 4881844E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.villasm.com

VMI

VMI Industria e Comercio Ltda [174435]Rua Pref Eliseu Alves da Silva 400Dist Industrial Genesco Aparecido de OliveiraLagoa Santa-MG 33400-000BrazilPhone: 55 (31) 36819560Fax: 55 (31) 36819565E-mail: [email protected]

XMA

X-Ray Marketing Assoc [106898]1205 W Lakeview CtRomeoville IL 60446-6500Phone: (630) 378-1992, (800) 325-8880Fax: (630) 378-1048E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.xma.com

Note: The following companies did not provide uswith any product information in time for publication.Their addresses are listed as a service to our readers.

Innomed Medical Inc [150026]Szabo Jozsef utca 12H-1146 BudapestHungaryPhone: 36 (1) 4609200Fax: 36 (1) 4609222E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.innomed.huOy Medira AB [162451]Ilkontie 1FIN-36220 KangasalaFinlandPhone: 358 (3) 2345200Fax: 358 (3) 2345250E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.medira.fi

Roentgen-Service AG [170912]Meierholweg 4EmmenCH-6032 LuzernSwitzerlandPhone: 41 (41) 2600266Fax: 41 (41) 2608266Internet: http://www.roentgen-service.ch

About the chart specificationsThe following abbreviations are used in the chart:

ABS — Automatic brightness stabilization

AEC — Automatic exposure control

CE — Communaute Europeen

CE mark — Conformite Europeene mark

CRT — Cathode ray tube

CSA — Canadian Standards Association

DSS — Digital satellite system

EEC — European Economic Community

EN — European Norm

ETL — ETL Testing Laboratories

FDA — U.S. Food and Drug Administration

FET — Field-effect transistor

HL7 — Health Level 7

HV — High voltage

IEC — International Electrotechnical Commission

X-ray Generators


IGBT — Insulated-gate bipolar transistor

ISO — International Organization for Standardiza-tion

LCD — Liquid crystal display

LED — Light-emitting diode

MDD — Medical Devices Directive

PC — Personal computer

PMT — Photomultiplier tube

SCR — Silicon-controlled rectifier

UL — Underwriters Laboratories

UPS — Uninterruptible power supply

Note: The data in the charts derive from suppli-ers’ specifications and have not been verified throughindependent testing by ECRI or any other agency.Because test methods vary, different products’ specifi-cations are not always comparable. Moreover, products

and specifications are subject to frequent changes.ECRI is not responsible for the quality or validity ofthe information presented or for any adverse conse-quences of acting on such information.

When reading the charts, keep in mind that, unlessotherwise noted, the list price does not reflect supplierdiscounts. And although we try to indicate whichfeatures and characteristics are standard and whichare not, some may be optional, at additional cost.

For those models whose prices were supplied to usin currencies other than U.S. dollars, we have alsolisted the conversion to U.S. dollars to facilitate com-parison among models. However, keep in mind thatexchange rates change often.

Need to know more?For further information about the contents of this

Product Comparison, contact the HPCS Hotline at +1(610) 825-6000, ext. 5265; +1 (610) 834-1275 (fax); [email protected] (e-mail).

About ECRI . . .ECRI is a nonprofit health services research agency and a Collaborating Center of the World HealthOrganization, providing information and technical assistance to the healthcare community to supportsafe and cost-effective patient care for more than 25 years. The results of ECRI’s research andexperience are available through its publications, information systems, databases, technical assis-tance program, laboratory services, seminars, and fellowships.

Our full-time staff includes a wide range of specialists in healthcare technology, hospital admini-stration, financial analysis, risk management, and information and computer science, as well ashospital planners, attorneys, physicists; biomedical, electrical, electronic, chemical, mechanical, andregistered engineers; physicians; basic medical scientists; epidemiologists and biostatisticians; andwriters, editors, and communications specialists.

Underlying ECRI’s knowledge base in healthcare technology are its integrity and objectivity. ECRIaccepts no financial support from medical product manufacturers, and no employee may own stockin or consult for a medical equipment or pharmaceutical company.

The scope of ECRI’s resources extends far beyond technology. ECRI keeps healthcare professionals,manufacturers, legal professionals, information specialists, and others aware of the changing trendsin healthcare, healthcare standards and regulations, and the best ways to handle environmental andoccupational health and safety issues. ECRI also advises on management issues related to healthcarecost containment, accreditation, risk management, human resources, quality of care, and othercomplex topics.

ECRI has more than 35 publications, databases, software, and services to fulfill the growing needfor healthcare information and decision support. They focus on three primary areas: healthcaretechnology, healthcare risk and quality management, and healthcare environmental management.



Product Comparison Chart

MODEL AMERICOMP AMERICOMP AMERICOMP AMRAD

Spectra 30 HF Spectra 30 HF AP Spectra 325e 300 HF

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide

FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes Yes Yes

CE MARK (MDD) Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

TYPE High frequency High frequency Low frequency High frequency

MICROPROCESSORCONTROLLED Yes Yes Yes Yes

POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 30 30 37.5 30mA @ kVp 300 @ 100 300 @ 100 300 @ 125 300 @ 100

RADIOGRAPHIC MODEkV range 40-125 40-125 40-125 40-125

mA rangeSmall focus 50, 100 50, 100 50, 100 50, 100Large focus 150, 200, 250, 300 150, 200, 250, 300 150, 200, 300 150, 200, 250, 300

mAs range 0.5-400 0.5-400 0.4-600 0.5-400

Timer range, sec 0.004-2.666 0.004-2.666 0.0083-6 0.004-2.666

Switching IGBT IGBT SCR IGBT

AEC Optional Optional Optional OptionalDetector type Ion chamber Ion chamber Ion chamber Ion chamber

Anatomicprogramming No Yes No Yes

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE No No No NokV range NA NA NA NA

mA range NA NA NA NA

Maximum number ofexposures/sec NA NA NA NA

Maximum exposurerate, R/min at

patient entrance NA NA NA NA

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec NA NA NA NA

Automaticbrightness control NA NA NA NA

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first oftwo pages coveringthe above model(s).These specificationscontinue onto thenext page.

X-ray Generators



MODEL AMERICOMP AMERICOMP AMERICOMP AMRAD

Spectra 30 HF Spectra 30 HF AP Spectra 325e 300 HF

TOMOGRAPHIC MODE No No No No

X-RAY TUBES, MAXIMUM 1 1 1 1

LINE-VOLTAGECOMPENSATION Automatic Automatic Automatic Automatic

SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Yes Yes Yes Yes

POWER REQUIREMENTS 230-250 VAC, 230-250 VAC, 230-250 VAC, 230/250 VAC, single-50/60 Hz, 50/60 Hz, 50/60 Hz, phase, 100 A minimum100 A minimum 100 A minimum 70 A minimum

DIMENSIONSControl cabinet

H x W x D, cm (in) 5 x 30 x 18 5 x 30 x 18 117 x 58 x 30 5 x 30 x 18(2 x 11.8 x 7.1) (2 x 11.8 x 7.1) (46.1 x 22.8 x 11.8) (2 x 11.8 x 7.1)

Weight, kg (lb) 2 (4.4) 2 (4.4) 102 (225) 2 (4.4)

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) 94 x 51 x 46 94 x 51 x 46 123 x 45 x 41 94 x 51 x 46

(37 x 20.1 x 18.1) (37 x 20.1 x 18.1) (48.4 x 17.7 x 16.1) (37 x 20.1 x 18.1)

Weight, kg (lb) 86 (189.6) 86 (189.6) 91 (200) 86 (189.6)

PURCHASE INFORMATIONList price,

std configuration $12,320 $13,150 $6,985 $11,250

Warranty 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years

Year first sold Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specifiedFiscal year Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Meets requirements Meets requirements Meets requirements Meets requirementsof UL. of UL. of UL. of UL.

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.




MODEL AMRAD AMRAD AMRAD APELEM

325 375 HF 500 HF MAGNUM 40 :MAGNUM 50



CE MARK (MDD) Not specified Not specified Not specified Yes

TYPE Low frequency High frequency High frequency High frequency,100 kHz


POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 37.5 37.5 50 40 : 50mA @ kVp 300 @ 125 300 @ 125 500 @ 100 500 @ 80 :

630 @ 80

RADIOGRAPHIC MODEkV range 40-125 40-125, optional 150 40-125, optional 150 40-150

mA rangeSmall focus 50, 100 25-200 in 25 mA 25-500 in 25 mA 10-500 : 10-630Large focus 150, 200, 300 25-375 in 25 mA 25-500 in 25 mA 10-500 : 10-630

mAs range 0.4-600 0.1-420 0.1-600 0.5-1,000

Timer range, sec 0.00083-6 Not specified Not specified 0.001-6.3

Switching SCR FET FET IGBT

AEC Optional Optional Optional YesDetector type Ion chamber Ion chamber Ion chamber Ion chamber

Anatomicprogramming No Yes Yes 768 programs

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE No No No No : YeskV range NA NA NA NA : 40-125

mA range NA NA NA NA : 0.5-6

Maximum number ofexposures/sec NA NA NA NA : 30


patient entrance NA NA NA NA : Not specified

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec NA NA NA NA : No

Automaticbrightness control NA NA NA NA : Yes


X-ray Generators



MODEL AMRAD AMRAD AMRAD APELEM

325 375 HF 500 HF MAGNUM 40 :MAGNUM 50

TOMOGRAPHIC MODE No No No Yes

X-RAY TUBES, MAXIMUM 1 1 1 1+1 (optional) : 2



POWER REQUIREMENTS 320-250 VAC, single- 230/250 VAC, single- 400 VAC, 3-phase, 380 VAC ±10%,phase, 70 A minimum phase, 100 A minimum 100 A minimum 50/60 Hz, 3-phase


H x W x D, cm (in) 117 x 58 x 30 8 x 43 x 23 8 x 43 x 23 7 x 56 x 23(46.1 x 22.8 x 11.8) (3.1 x 16.9 x 9.1) (3.1 x 16.9 x 9.1) (2.8 x 22 x 9.1)

Weight, kg (lb) 102 (224.9) 3 (6.6) 3 (6.6) 4 (8.8)


(48.4 x 17.7 x 16.1) (37 x 16.1 x 18.1) (37 x 16.1 x 18.1) (48.4 x 17.7 x 16.1)

Weight, kg (lb) 91 (200.7) 100 (220.5) 100 (220.5) 107 (236)


std configuration $6,985 $16,210 $20,545 Not specified

Warranty 5 years 5 years 5 years 1 year

Year first sold Not specified Not specified Not specified 1998Fiscal year Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Meets requirements Meets requirements Meets requirements Digital display;of UL>. of UL. of UL. full x-ray tube

protection; 3-, 2-,1-point techniques;optional capacitor-discharge model(GTI 30HF/DC). Meetsrequirements of ISO.





MODEL APELEM CONTROL-X CONTROL-X CONTROL-X

MAGNUM 65 : Milestone Milestone HF Milestone HFMAGNUM 80 MS 325 : MS 525 MS 350HF MS 450HF : MS 550HF



CE MARK (MDD) Yes No Yes Yes

TYPE High frequency, Single-phase High frequency, High frequency,100 kHz single- or 3-phase single- or 3-phase


POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 65 : 80 30 : 40 30 40 : 50mA @ kVp 800 @ 80 : 300 @ 125 : 360 @ 80, 500 @ 80, 400 @ 100,

1,000 @ 80 500 @ 90, 300 @ 100, 200 @ 150 :400 @ 110, 150 @ 150 600 @ 80, 500 @ 100,300 @ 125 250 @ 150


mA rangeSmall focus 10-800 : 10-1,000 25-100 20-200 20-200Large focus 10-800 : 10-1,000 100-300 : 100-500 100-400 100-500 : 100-600

mAs range 0.5-1,000 0.2-600 0.4-600 0.4-600

Timer range, sec 0.001-6.3 0.008-6 0.003-6 0.003-6

Switching IGBT SCR IGBT IGBT

AEC Yes Optional Optional OptionalDetector type Ion chamber Solid-state Solid-state Solid-state

Anatomicprogramming 768 programs No 100 exams 100 exams

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Yes Optional Optional OptionalkV range 40-125 40-125 50-125 50-125

mA range 0.5-6 1-4 0.5-9 0.5-9

Maximum number ofexposures/sec 30 10 10 10


patient entrance Not specified 10 with ABS 10 with ABS 10 with ABS

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec Optional No No No

Automaticbrightness control Yes Yes Yes Yes


X-ray Generators



MODEL APELEM CONTROL-X CONTROL-X CONTROL-X

MAGNUM 65 : Milestone Milestone HF Milestone HFMAGNUM 80 MS 325 : MS 525 MS 350HF MS 450HF : MS 550HF

TOMOGRAPHIC MODE Yes Yes Yes Yes




POWER REQUIREMENTS 380 VAC ±10%, 208-240 VAC : 208-240 VAC, single 208-240 VAC,50/60 Hz, 3 phase 380 VAC; 50/60 Hz, or 3 phase or 50/60 Hz, single or

100 A, single phase 380-400 VAC, 3 phase or3 phase, 50/60 Hz 380-400 VAC,

50/60 Hz, 3 phase


H x W x D, cm (in) 7 x 56 x 23 109 x 40 x 33 40 x 46 x 95 40 x 46 x 95(2.8 x 22 x 9.1) (43 x 16 x 13) (16 x 18 x 37.5) (16 x 18 x 37.5)

Weight, kg (lb) 4 (8.8) 86 (190) 120 (265) 120 (265)

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) Not specified 58 x 33 x 46 Included in cabinet Included in cabinet

(23 x 13 x 18)

Weight, kg (lb) 107 (236) 154 (340) Included in cabinet Included in cabinet


std configuration Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

Warranty 1 year 5 years (2 full, 5 years (2 full, 5 years (2 full,3 prorated) 3 prorated) 3 prorated)

Year first sold 1998 Not specified Not specified Not specifiedFiscal year Not specified January to December January to December January to December

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Digital display; Digital display; Compact control Compact controlfull x-ray tube tube overload console and cabinet; console and cabinet;protection; 3-, 2-, protection; mAs manual override; manual override;1-point techniques; display; digital technique techniqueoptional high- timer; MS 525 is reprogramming; self- reprogramming; self-contrast fluoro equipped with diagnostic software. diagnostic software.mode. Meets require- overcurrentments of ISO. protection.





MODEL CONTROL-X CONTROL-X CONTROL-X CONTROL-X

PCX 525/I PCX HF PCX HF PCX HF350HF : 450HF 550HF 850HF : 1050HF



CE MARK (MDD) No Yes Yes Yes

TYPE Single-phase High frequency, High frequency, High frequency,single- or 3-phase 3-phase 3-phase


POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 50 30 : 40 50 65 : 80mA @ kVp 500 @ 100, 400 @ 80, 300 @ 100, 600 @ 80, 500 @ 100, 800 @ 80, 650 @ 100,

400 @ 125 150 @ 150 : 250 @ 150 420 @ 150 :500 @ 80, 400 @ 100, 1,000 @ 80,200 @ 150 800 @ 100, 500 @ 150


mA rangeSmall focus 25-200 20-200 20-200 20-200Large focus 100-500 100-400 : 100-500 100-600 100-800 : 100-1,000

mAs range 0.2-600 0.4-600 0.4-600 0.5-600

Timer range, sec 0.008-6 0.003-6 0.003-6 0.003-6

Switching SCR IGBT IGBT IGBT

AEC Optional Optional Optional OptionalDetector type Solid-state Solid-state Solid-state Solid-state

Anatomicprogramming 127 exams 160 exams 160 exams 160 exams

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Optional Optional Optional OptionalkV range 40-115 50-125 50-125 50-125

mA range 1-4 0.5-9 0.5-9 0.5-9



patient entrance 10 with ABS 10 with ABS 10 with ABS 10 with ABS

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec No No No No



X-ray Generators



MODEL CONTROL-X CONTROL-X CONTROL-X CONTROL-X

PCX 525/I PCX HF PCX HF PCX HF350HF : 450HF 550HF 850HF : 1050HF





POWER REQUIREMENTS 208-240 VAC, 100 A, 208-240 VAC, 240 or 380-400 VAC, 380/480 VAC,50/60 Hz, single- 50/60 Hz, single- or 50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 3-phasephase 3-phase or

380-400 VAC,50/60 Hz, 3-phase


H x W x D, cm (in) 38 x 41 x 36 40 x 46 x 95 40 x 46 x 95 57 x 56 x 203(15 x 16 x 14) (15.7 x 18 x 37.5) (15.7 x 18 x 37.5) (22.5 x 22.3 x 80)

Weight, kg (lb) 12 (26) 120 (265) 120 (265) 306 (680)

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) 56 x 66 x 84 Included in cabinet Included in cabinet Included in cabinet

(22 x 26 x 33)

Weight, kg (lb) 234 (515) Included in cabinet Included in cabinet Included in cabinet



Warranty 5 years (2 full, 5 years (2 full, 5 years (2 full, 5 years (2 full,3 prorated) 3 prorated) 3 prorated) 3 prorated)

Year first sold Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specifiedFiscal year January to December January to December January to December January to December

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Continuous digital PC controlled with PC controlled with PC controlled withreadouts on CRT touchscreen monitor, touchscreen monitor, touchscreen monitor,display; integrated manual override, manual override, manual override,computer records technique technique techniqueexposure parameters reprogramming, self- reprogramming, self- reprogramming, self-and is equipped with diagnostic software. diagnostic software. diagnostic software.self-diagnostics.





MODEL CPI CPI CPI CPI

CMP200 30 kW : CMP200 40 kW : Indico 100 32 kW Indico 100 40 kWCMP200 32 kW CMP200 50 kW

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Worlwide


CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes Yes Yes

TYPE High frequency High frequency High frequency High frequency


POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 30 : 32 40 : 50 32 40mA @ kVp Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

RADIOGRAPHIC MODEkV range 40-125 40-125 : 40-150 40-150 40-150

mA rangeSmall focus 25-400 * 25-500 : 25-600 * 10-320 * 10-500 *Large focus 25-400 * 25-500 : 25-600 * 10-320 * 10-500 *

mAs range 0.4-500 0.4-500 0.5-1,000 (non-AEC) 0.5-1,000 (non-AEC)

Timer range, sec 0.001-6.3 0.001-6.3 0.001-6.3 0.001-6.3

Switching FET inverter, FET inverter, 100 FET inverter, FET inverter, 100100 kHz kHz : Not specified 100 kHz kHz

AEC Yes Yes Yes YesDetector type Ion chamber or Ion chamber or Ion chamber, solid- Ion chamber, solid-

solid-state solid-state : state, or PMT state, or PMTNot specified

Anatomicprogramming 768 techniques 768 techniques 768 techniques 768 techniques

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE No No Yes YeskV range NA NA 40-125 40-125

mA range NA NA 0.5-6 continuous ** 0.5-6 continuous **

Maximum number ofexposures/sec NA NA Not specified Not specified


patient entrance NA NA Not specified Not specified

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec NA NA 2.5, 6, 12.5, 25,50; 2.5, 6, 12.5, 25,50;

3, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 *** 3, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 ***Automatic

brightness control NA NA Yes † Yes †

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Not to exceed manufacturer's x-ray tube limits. two pages covering** High-contrast fluoroscopy levels available. the above model(s).*** Depends in imaging system. These specifications† With multiple programmable kV/mA tracking curves. continue onto the

next page.

X-ray Generators




CMP200 30 kW : CMP200 40 kW : Indico 100 32 kW Indico 100 40 kWCMP200 32 kW CMP200 50 kW

TOMOGRAPHIC MODE No No Yes Yes



SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Error codes Error codes Error codes Error codes

POWER REQUIREMENTS 208/230 VAC, single- 400/480 VAC, 3-phase * 230 VAC, single- 213 VAC, single-phase : 400/480 3- phase; 400/480, phase; 400/480,phase * 3-phase * 3-phase *


H x W x D, cm (in) 3.7 x 10.9 x 12.3 3.7 x 10.9 x 12.3 3.7 x 16.6 x 12.3 3.7 x 16.6 x 12.3(1.5 x 4.3 x 4.8) (1.5 x 4.3 x 4.8) (1.5 x 6.5 x 4.8) (1.5 x 6.5 x 4.8)

Weight, kg (lb) Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) 24.3 x 13.7 x 19.7 24.3 x 13.7 x 19.7 48.7 x 22 x 18.2 48.7 x 22 x 18.2

(9.6 x 5.4 x 7.8) (9.6 x 5.4 x 7.8) (19.2 x 8.7 x 7.2) (19.2 x 8.7 x 7.2)

Weight, kg (lb) 51 (112.5) 51 (112.5) 112 (247) 112 (247)



Warranty Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified


OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Optional GenWare Optional GenWare Optional GenWare Optional GenWareservice software, service software, service software, service software,laptop interface, laptop interface, DSS, digital inter- DSS, digital inter-pedestal stand, wall pedestal stand, wall face, laptop interface, laptop inter-mount, x-ray hand- mount, x-ray hand- face, remote fluoro, face, remote fluoro,switch, collimator, switch, collimator, pedestal stand, wall pedestal stand, walllamp power. lamp power. mount, x-ray hand- mount, x-ray hand-

switch, kV/mAs step- switch, kV/mAs step-ping, color touch- ping, color touch-screen, integral screen, integralDAP, falling load DAP, falling loadoperation, custom operation, custominterfaces, 3-phase interfaces, 3-phase208/240 VAC line 208/240 VAC lineadjust transformer. adjust transformer.

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.* Other output power levels available between 30 kW and 50 kW with single-phase input requirements.





Indico 100 50 kW Indico 100 65 kW Indico 100 80 kW Indico 100 100 kW






POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 50 65 80 100mA @ kVp Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified


mA rangeSmall focus 10-630 * 10-800 * 10-1,000 * 10-1,000 *Large focus 10-630 * 10-800 * 10-1,000 * 10-1,000 *

mAs range 0.5-1,000 (non-AEC) 0.5-1,000 (non-AEC) 0.5-1,000 (non-AEC) 0.5-1,000 (non-AEC)

Timer range, sec 0.001-6.3 0.001-6.3 0.001-6.3 0.001-6.3

Switching FET inverter, FET inverter, FET inverter, FET inverter,100 kHz 100 kHz 100 kHz 100 kHz

AEC Yes Yes Yes YesDetector type Ion chamber, solid- Ion chamber, solid- Ion chamber, solid- Ion chamber, solid-

state, or PMT state, or PMT state, or PMT state, or PMT

Anatomicprogramming 768 techniques 768 techniques 768 techniques 768 techniques

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Yes Yes Yes YeskV range 40-125 40-125 40-125 40-125

mA range 0.5-6 continuous ** 0.5-6 continuous ** 0.5-6 continuous ** 0.5-6 continuous **

Maximum number ofexposures/sec Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified


patient entrance Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec 2.5, 6, 12.5, 25,50; 2.5, 6, 12.5, 25,50; 2.5, 6, 12.5, 25,50; 2.5, 6, 12.5, 25,50;

3, 7.5, 15, 20, 60 *** 3, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 *** 3, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 *** 3, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 ***Automatic

brightness control Yes † Yes † Yes † Yes †

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Not to exceed manufacturer's x-ray tube limits. two pages covering** High-contrast fluoroscopy levels available. the above model(s).*** Depends in imaging system. These specifications† With multiple programmable kV/mA tracking curves. continue onto the

next page.

X-ray Generators




Indico 100 50 kW Indico 100 65 kW Indico 100 80 kW Indico 100 100 kW





POWER REQUIREMENTS 400/480 VAC, 3-phase * 400/480 VAC, 3-phase * 400/480 VAC, 3-phase * 400/480 VAC, 3-phase *




HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) 48.7 x 22 x 18.2 48.7 x 22 x 18.2 48.7 x 22 x 18.2 48.7 x 22 x 18.2

(19.2 x 8.7 x 7.2) (19.2 x 8.7 x 7.2) (19.2 x 8.7 x 7.2) (19.2 x 8.7 x 7.2)

Weight, kg (lb) 112 (247) 113 (249.2) 114 (251.4) 115 (253.6)





OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Optional GenWare Optional GenWare Optional GenWare Optional GenWareservice software, service software, service software, service software,DSS, digital inter- DSS, digital inter- DSS, digital inter- DSS, digital inter-face, laptop interface, laptop interface, laptop interface, laptop inter-face, remote fluoro, face, remote fluoro, face, remote fluoro, face, remote fluoro,pedestal stand, wall pedestal stand, wall pedestal stand, wall pedestal stand, wallmount, x-ray hand- mount, x-ray hand- mount, x-ray hand- mount, x-ray hand-switch, kV/mAs step- switch, kV/mAs step- switch, kV/mAs step- switch, kV/mAs step-ping, color touch- ping, color touch- ping, color touch- ping, color touch-screen, integral screen, integral screen, integral screen, integralDAP, falling load DAP, falling load DAP, falling load DAP, falling loadoperation, custom operation, custom operation, custom operation, custominterfaces, 3-phase interfaces, 3-phase interfaces. interfaces.208/240 VAC line 208/240 VAC lineadjust transformer. adjust transformer.

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.* Other output power levels available between 30 kW and 50 kW with single-phase input requirements.





Indico 100L 30 kW : Indico 100L 50 kW MILLENIA 350 MILLENIA 650Indico 100L 37.5 kW

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worlwide Worldwide Worldwide





POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 30 : 37.5 50 30 50mA @ kVp Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified


mA rangeSmall focus 25-300 : 25-375 * 25-500 * 10-320 10-630 *Large focus 25-300 : 25-375 * 25-500 * 10-320 10-630 *

mAs range Not specified Not specified 0.5-1,000 (non-AEC) 0.5-1,000 (non-AEC)

Timer range, sec 0.001-6.3 0.001-6.3 0.002-6.3 0.002-6.3

Switching FET inverter, FET inverter, NA NA100 kHz 100 kHz

AEC Yes Yes Yes YesDetector type Ion chamber or Ion chamber or Ion chamber or Ion chamber or

solid-state solid-state solid-state solid-state

Anatomicprogramming 1,728 techniques 1,728 techniques 768 techniques 768 techniques

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE No No Yes YeskV range NA NA 40-125 40-125

mA range NA NA 0.5-6 0.5-6

Maximum number ofexposures/sec NA NA Not specified Not specified


patient entrance NA NA Not specified Not specified

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec NA NA 3, 7.5, 15, 30 3, 7.5, 15, 30

Automaticbrightness control NA NA Yes Yes

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Not to exceed manufacturer's x-ray tube limits. two pages covering

the above model(s).These specificationscontinue onto thenext page.

X-ray Generators




Indico 100L 30 kW : Indico 100L 50 kW MILLENIA 350 MILLENIA 650Indico 100L 37.5 kW

TOMOGRAPHIC MODE No No Yes Yes




POWER REQUIREMENTS 230 VAC, single- 400/480 VAC, 3- 240 VAC, single- 400/480 VAC, 3-phasephase; 400/480 3- phase phase; 400/480 VAC,phase : 400/480 3- 3-phasephase


H x W x D, cm (in) 3 x 17 x 8.8 3 x 17 x 8.8 6.1 x 55.9 x 23.1 6.1 x 55.9 x 23.1(1.2 x 6.7 x 3.4) (1.2 x 6.7 x 3.4) (2.4 x 22 x 9.1) (2.4 x 22 x 9.1)


HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) 37.5 x 16 x 18 37.5 x 16 x 18 17.7 x 61.3 x 53.3 17.7 x 61.3 x 53.3

(14.8 x 6.3 x 7.1) (14.8 x 6.3 x 7.1) (7 x 24.1 x 21.1) (7 x 24.1 x 21.1)

Weight, kg (lb) 90 (198.5) 90 (198.5) 240 (529.2) 240 (529.2)





OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Optional services Optional services Optional GenWare Optional GenWaresoftware, laptop software, laptop service software, service software,interface, pedestal interface, pedestal DSS, digital inter- DSS, digital inter-stand, wall mount, stand, wall mount, face, laptop interface, laptop inter-x-ray handswitch, x-ray handswitch, face, remote fluoro, face, remote fluoro,150 kV option, 150 kV option, pedestal stand, wall pedestal stand, wallcollimator, lamp collimator, lamp mount, x-ray hand- mount, x-ray hand-power. power. switch, A2EC**@,p- switch, A2EC2,

kV/mAs stepping. kV/mAs stepping.





MODEL CPI CPI DAEYOUNG DEL MEDICALFAILED TO RESPOND *

MILLENIA 850 MILLENIA 1050 DYD-1250Z ATC 525 : ATC 725

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Asia, Australia, WorldwideMiddle East

FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes No Yes

CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes No No

TYPE High frequency High frequency Single-phase High frequency


POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 65 80 50 40 : 50mA @ kVp Not specified Not specified 500 @ 100 400 @ 100 :

500 @ 100


mA rangeSmall focus 10-800 ** 10-1,000 ** 50-100 600 max : 700 maxLarge focus 10-800 ** 10-1,000 ** 200-500 600 max : 700 max

mAs range 0.5-1,000 (non-AEC) 0.5-1,000 (non-AEC) 1-800 1-500 : 1-600

Timer range, sec 0.002-6.3 0.001-6.3 0.02-6 0.01-6

Switching NA NA Not specified SCR inverter

AEC Yes Yes No OptionalDetector type Ion chamber or Ion chamber or Not specified Ion chamber

solid-state solid-state

Anatomicprogramming 768 techniques 768 techniques Yes Yes

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Yes Yes No NokV range 40-125 40-125 NA NA

mA range 0.5-6 0.5-6 NA NA

Maximum number ofexposures/sec Not specified Not specified NA NA


patient entrance Not specified Not specified NA NA

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec 3, 7.5, 15, 30 3, 7.5, 15, 30 NA NA

Automaticbrightness control Yes Yes NA NA

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Specifications current as of March 2000. two pages covering** Not to exceed manufacturer's x-ray tube limits. the above model(s).

These specificationscontinue onto thenext page.

X-ray Generators



MODEL CPI CPI DAEYOUNG DEL MEDICALFAILED TO RESPOND *

MILLENIA 850 MILLENIA 1050 DYD-1250Z ATC 525 : ATC 725

TOMOGRAPHIC MODE Yes Yes No Optional


LINE-VOLTAGECOMPENSATION Automatic Automatic Manual Yes

SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Error codes Error codes Yes Yes

POWER REQUIREMENTS 400/480 VAC, 3-phase 400/480 VAC, 3-phase 220/380/440 VAC, 208-240 VAC, 1-phase50/60 Hz (30 kW version) or

208-480 VAC, 3-phase: 208-480 VAC,3-phase


H x W x D, cm (in) 6.1 x 55.9 x 23.1 6.1 x 55.9 x 23.1 92 x 53 x 36 92.7 x 40.6 x 32.4(2.4 x 22 x 9.1) (2.4 x 22 x 9.1) (36.2 x 20.9 x 14.2) (36.5 x 16 x 12.8)

Weight, kg (lb) Not specified Not specified 75 (165.4) 36.3 (80)

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) 17.7 x 61.3 x 53.3 17.7 x 61.3 x 53.3 42 x 45 x 52 161 x 67.3 x 49.5

(7 x 24.1 x 21.1) (7 x 24.1 x 21.1) (16.5 x 17.7 x 20.5) (63.3 x 26.5 x 19.5)rack cabinet

Weight, kg (lb) 240 (529.2) 240 (529.2) 166 (366) 272 (600)


std configuration Not specified Not specified $15,000 $17,500 : $25,000

Warranty Not specified Not specified 2 years 1 year, parts

Year first sold Not specified Not specified 1995 1991Fiscal year Not specified Not specified January to December August to July

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Optional GenWare Optional GenWare None specified. Meets requirementsservice software, service software, of ISO 9001 and UL.DSS, digital inter- DSS, digital inter-face, laptop interface, laptop inter-face, remote fluoro, face, remote fluoro,pedestal stand, wall pedestal stand, wallmount, x-ray hand- mount, x-ray hand-switch, A2EC2, switch, A2EC2,kV/mAs stepping. kV/mAs stepping.

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.* Specifications current as of March 2000.




MODEL DEL MEDICAL DEL MEDICAL DEL MEDICAL EMD TECHNOLOGIES

ATC 550 : ATC 750 ATC 650 : ATC 850 GX-525 CPX 160

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide, exceptEurope


CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes No No

TYPE High frequency High frequency High frequency Constant potential

MICROPROCESSORCONTROLLED Yes Yes No Yes

POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 40 : 50 65 : 80 30 60mA @ kVp 400 @ 100 : 800 @ 80, 630 @ 300 @ 100 800 @ 75

500 @ 100 100 : 1,000 @ 80,800 @ 100


mA rangeSmall focus 320 max 320 max 500 max 10-800 *Large focus 500 max : 600 max 800 max : 1,000 max 500 max 10-800 *

mAs range 0.5-1,000 0.5-1,000 1-500 0.4-1,000

Timer range, sec 0.002-6 0.002-6 0.0083-6 0.001-8

Switching SCR inverter SCR inverter SCR inverter HV solid-statesecondary

AEC Optional Optional Optional YesDetector type Ion chamber Ion chamber Ion chamber Ion chamber or PMT

Anatomicprogramming Yes Yes No Yes

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Optional Optional No YeskV range 40-125 40-125 NA 40-125

mA range 0.5-6 0.5-6 NA 0.5-10 continuous,10-50 pulsed

Maximum number ofexposures/sec 30 30 NA Not specified


patient entrance Not specified Not specified NA 5; 10 with ABS

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec Not specified 3.75/7.5/15/30 NA 30, 15, 10, 7.5, 5,

3.75 (optional)Automatic

brightness control Yes Yes NA Yes **

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Automatic/manual focal spot selection. two pages covering** With 2 editable kV/mA tracking curves. the above model(s).


X-ray Generators



MODEL DEL MEDICAL DEL MEDICAL DEL MEDICAL EMD TECHNOLOGIES

ATC 550 : ATC 750 ATC 650 : ATC 850 GX-525 CPX 160

TOMOGRAPHIC MODE Optional Optional Optional Yes


LINE-VOLTAGECOMPENSATION Yes Yes Yes Automatic


POWER REQUIREMENTS 400/480 VAC, 3-phase 400/480 VAC, 3-phase 240 VAC, 150 A, 208/220-240/400-48060 Hz, 1-phase or VAC, 50/60 Hz,208-480 VAC, single-phase50/60 Hz, 3-phase


H x W x D, cm (in) 88.9 x 55.9 x 25.4 88.9 x 55.9 x 25.4 33 x 25.4 x 7.6 6.6 x 43 x 23(35 x 22 x 10) (35 x 22 x 10) (13 x 10 x 3) (2.6 x 17 x 9)

Weight, kg (lb) 13.6 (30) 13.6 (30) 36.3 (80) 1 (2.2)

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) 175 x 61 x 54 175 x 61 x 54 27.9 x 38.1 x 43.2 155 x 56 x 53

(68.9 x 24 x 21.3) (68.9 x 24 x 21.3) (11 x 15 x 17); 46 x (61 x 22 x 21)rack cabinet rack cabinet 66 x 46 (18 x 26 x

18) power moduleWeight, kg (lb) 317.5 (700) 317.5 (700) 54 (118); 55 (120) 545 (1,200)

power module


std configuration $20,000 : $23,500 $40,575 : $50,775 $13,000 Not specified

Warranty 1 year, parts 1 year, parts 1 year, parts 1 year

Year first sold 1999 1990 1987 1996Fiscal year August to July August to July August to July June to May

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Meets requirements Meets requirements Meets requirements Integrated low-speedof ISO 9001 and of ISO 9001 and of ISO 9001 and UL. starter; high-speedUL 2601. UL 2601. starter; automatic

tube calibration;anode heat integra-tor; mA stabilizer;x-ray tube overloadprotection; standarduniversal interface;single cabinet andconsole. Complieswith most standards.





MODEL EMD TECHNOLOGIES EMD TECHNOLOGIES EMD TECHNOLOGIES EMD TECHNOLOGIES

CPX 360 CPX 380 CPX 3100 EPS 28CT :EPS 42CT




TYPE Constant potential Constant potential Constant potential High frequency


POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 60 80 100 28 : 42mA @ kVp 800 @ 75 1,000 @ 80 1,000 @ 100 200 @ 140 :

300 @ 140


mA rangeSmall focus 10-800 * 10-1,000 * 10-1,000 * NALarge focus 10-800 * 10-1,000 * 10-1,000 * NA

mAs range 0.4-1,000 0.4-1,000 0.4-1,000 NA

Timer range, sec 0.001-8 0.001-8 0.001-8 Duty cycle 20%,60 sec on, 4 min off

Switching HV solid-state HV solid-state HV solid-state IGBTsecondary secondary secondary

AEC Yes Yes Yes NoDetector type Ion chamber or PMT Ion chamber or PMT PMT or photodiode NA

Anatomicprogramming Yes Yes Yes No

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Yes Yes Yes NokV range 40-125 40-125 40-125 NA

mA range 0.5-10 continuous, 0.5-10 continuous, 0.5-10 continuous, NA10-50 pulsed 10-50 pulsed 10-200 pulsed

Maximum number ofexposures/sec Not specified Not specified Not specified NA


patient entrance 5; 10 with ABS 5; 10 with ABS 5; 10; 20 with ABS NA

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec 30, 15, 10, 7.5, 5, 30, 15, 10, 7.5, 5, 30, 15, 7.5 NA

3.75 (optional) 3.75 (optional)Automatic

brightness control Yes ** Yes ** Yes NA

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Automatic/manual focal spot selection. two pages covering** With 2 editable kV/mA tracking curves. the above model(s).


X-ray Generators




CPX 360 CPX 380 CPX 3100 EPS 28CT :EPS 42CT

TOMOGRAPHIC MODE Yes Yes Yes No


LINE-VOLTAGECOMPENSATION Automatic Automatic Automatic DC input


POWER REQUIREMENTS 208/220-240/400-480 208/220-240/400-480 400-480 VAC, 270-500 VOCVAC, 50/60 Hz, VAC, 50/60 Hz, 50/60 Hz, 3-phase3-phase 3-phase


H x W x D, cm (in) 6.6 x 43 x 23 6.6 x 43 x 23 6.6 x 43 x 23 NA(2.6 x 17 x 9) (2.6 x 17 x 9) (2.6 x 17 x 9)

Weight, kg (lb) 1 (2.2) 1 (2.2) 1 (2.2) NA


(63 x 22 x 23) (63 x 22 x 23) (63 x 22 x 23) (8.7 x 11 x 16.1)

Weight, kg (lb) 636 (1,400) 636 (1,400) 636 (1,400) 18.5 (40.8)



Warranty 1 year 1 year 1 year 1 year

Year first sold 1998 1996 1996 2003Fiscal year June to May June to May June to May June to May

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Integrated low-speed Integrated low-speed For cardiovascular Immunity to tubestarter; high-speed starter; high-speed applications; arcs; solid di-starter; automatic starter; automatic standard pulse electric HV units;tube calibration; tube calibration; fluoroscopy with high-efficiencyanode heat integra- anode heat integra- nongridded tubes; power converter;tor; mA stabilizer; tor; mA stabilizer; anode heat integra- designed for comp-x-ray tube overload x-ray tube overload tor; integrated uted tomography.protection; standard protection; standard high-speed starter; Meets requirementsuniversal interface; universal interface; standard universal for Canada and U.S.single cabinet and single cabinet and interface. Complies (CSA, UL); CEconsole; optional console. Complies with most standards. directive 93/42/EECintegrated high- with most standards. Class II B.speed starter.Complies with moststandards.






EPS 45R : EPS 45RF : EPS 65R : EPS 65RF :EPS 50R EPS 50RF EPS 80R EPS 80RF


Yes Yes Yes Yes


CE MARK (MDD)



POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 45 : 50 45 : 50 65 : 80 65 : 80mA @ kVp 500 @ 90 : 500 @ 90 : 800 @ 80 : 800 @ 80 :

630 @ 80 630 @ 80 1,000 @ 80 1,000 @ 80


mA rangeSmall focus 10-500 : 10-630 10-500 : 10-630 10-800 : 10-1,000 10-800 : 10-1,000Large focus 10-500 : 10-630 10-500 : 10-630 10-800 : 10-1,000 10-800 : 10-1,000

mAs range 0.4-1,000 0.4-1,000 0.4-1,000 0.4-1,000

Timer range, sec 0.001-10 0.001-10 0.001-10 0.001-10

Switching IGBT IGBT IGBT IGBT

AEC Optional Optional Optional OptionalDetector type Ion chamber, solid- Ion chamber, solid- Ion chamber, solid- Ion chamber, solid-

state state, PMT, photo- state state, PMT, photo-diode diode

Anatomicprogramming Up to 1,536 programs Up to 1,536 programs Up to 1,536 programs Up to 1,536 programs

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE No Yes No YeskV range NA 50-125 NA 50-125

mA range NA 0.1-10 continuous, NA 0.1-10 continuous;2.5-75 pulsed 2.5-75 pulsed

Maximum number ofexposures/sec NA Up to 90 (optional) NA Up to 90 (optional)


patient entrance NA 5 : 10 with ABS, 20 NA 5 : 10 with ABS, 20high-level fluoro high-level fluoro

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec NA 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 30 NA 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 30

Automaticbrightness control NA Yes NA Yes


X-ray Generators




EPS 45R : EPS 45RF : EPS 65R : EPS 65RF :EPS 50R EPS 50RF EPS 80R EPS 80RF


X-RAY TUBES, MAXIMUM 1; 2 optional 1; 2 optional 1; 2 optional 1; 2 optional



POWER REQUIREMENTS 400/480 VAC, 400/480 VAC, 400/480 VAC, 400-480 VAC,50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 3-phase



Weight, kg (lb) 2.6 (5.7) 2.6 (5.7) 2.6 (5.7) 2.6 (5.7)

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) 57.5 x 43.7 x 47.4 57.5 x 43.7 x 47.4 57.5 x 43.7 x 47.4 57.5 x 43.7 x 47.4

(22.6 x 17.2 x 18.7) (22.6 x 17.2 x 18.7) (22.6 x 17.2 x 18.7) (22.6 x 17.2 x 18.7)

Weight, kg (lb) 45 (99.2) : 45 (99.2) : 55 (121.3) : 55 (121.3) :50 (110.3) 50 (110.3) 60 (132.3) 60 (132.3)



Warranty 18 months 18 months 18 months 18 months

Year first sold 2003 2003 2003 2003Fiscal year June to May June to May June to May June to May

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Integrated low speed Integrated low speed Integrated low speed Integrated low speedor high speed anode or high speed anode or high speed anode or high speed anodedrive; automatic drive; automatic drive; automatic drive; automatictube calibration; tube calibration; tube calibration; tube calibration;flexible interface flexible interface flexible interface flexible interfaceincluding support including support including support including supportfor flat-panel, for flat-panel, for flat-panel, for flat-panel,canbus, RS-232. Full canbus, RS-232. Full canbus, RS-232. Full canbus, RS-232. FullQA CSA 22.2.114/601, QA CSA 22.2.114/601, QA CSA 22.2.114/601, QA CSA 22.2.114/601,UL 2601; CE UL 2601; CE UL 2601; CE UL 2601; CEdirective 93/42/EEC directive 93/42/EEC directive 93/42/EEC directive 93/42/EECClass II B. Class II B. Class II B. Class II B.





MODEL FURRER GE MEDICAL GE MEDICAL GE MEDICAL

Raypower RP-50 MPH Proteus XR/a Silhouette VR50 : 65 : 80

WHERE MARKETED Internationally Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide

FDA CLEARANCE No Yes Yes Yes


TYPE High frequency High frequency, Not specified Not specified100 kHz


POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 50 50 : 65 : 80 32, 50, 65, 80 32; 50 optionalmA @ kVp 500 @ 100 See footnote * Not specified Not specified

RADIOGRAPHIC MODEkV range 40-125 40-150 40-150 kVp 40-150 kVp

mA rangeSmall focus 1-300 Not specified 10-400 @ 32 kW ** 10-400; 630 @ 50 kWLarge focus 1-500 Not specified 10-400 @ 32 kW ** 10-400; 630 @ 50 kW

mAs range 0.5-600 0.5-640 Not specified Not specified

Timer range, sec 0.003-5 0.001-6.4 0.0001-6.3 0.00125-6.3;0.001 (50 kW)

Switching IGBT IGBT Not specified Not specified

AEC Optional Yes Yes YesDetector type Ion chamber Ion chamber Ion chamber Ion chamber

Anatomicprogramming 75 programs 48 programmable >1,700 programs >1,700 programs

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE No Yes No NokV range NA 40-125 NA NA

mA range NA 0.4-10 NA NA

Maximum number ofexposures/sec NA 12 NA NA


patient entrance NA 95 NA NA

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec NA Not specified NA NA

Automaticbrightness control NA Yes NA NA

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* [640 : 800 : 1,000 mA] @ 80 kVp; [500 : 600 : 800 mA] @ 100 kVp; [400 : 520 : 640 mA] @ 125 kVp; [333 : 433 : 533 mA] two pages covering

@ 150 kVp. the above model(s).** 10-630 @ 50 kW, 10-800 @ 65 kW, 10-1,000 @ 80 kW. These specifications

continue onto thenext page.

X-ray Generators



MODEL FURRER GE MEDICAL GE MEDICAL GE MEDICAL

Raypower RP-50 MPH Proteus XR/a Silhouette VR50 : 65 : 80

TOMOGRAPHIC MODE No Optional Optional No


LINE-VOLTAGECOMPENSATION Automatic Yes ±10% ±10%


POWER REQUIREMENTS 360-440 VAC, 380-480 VAC, 380-480 VAC, ±10%; 380-480 VAC, ±10%;50/60 Hz, 50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, ±5%; 50/60 Hz, ±5%;3-phase 3-phase 3-phase


H x W x D, cm (in) 28 x 20 x 4 195.1 x 101.6 x 44.5 159.8 x 45 x 54.9 NA (integrated into(11 x 7.9 x 1.6) (76.8 x 40 x 17.5) (62.9 x 17.7 x 21.6) table base)

Weight, kg (lb) 0.8 (1.8) 299.3 (660) 401 (884.2) NA

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) Integral Not specified Included in control 48.3 x 40 x 49.7

cabinet (19 x 15.7 x 19.6)

Weight, kg (lb) 55 (121) Not specified Included in control 30 (66)cabinet


std configuration Not specified Not specified Not specified NA


Year first sold Not specified Not specified 1999 1998Fiscal year January to December January to December January to December January to December

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS High-power inverter None specified. None specified. Integrated intoIGBT; micro- table base to saveprocessor space.controlled; faultself-diagnostic ondisplay.





MODEL GTR LABS GTR LABS GTR LABS GTR LABS

CF-3 CR-30RF CR-50RF CR-600C



CE MARK (MDD) No No No No

TYPE High frequency High frequency High frequency High frequency,cardiac cath lab


POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 6 30 50 60mA @ kVp 50 @ 125 300 @ 100 500 @ 100 600 @ 100

RADIOGRAPHIC MODEkV range NA 40-125 40-150 NA

mA rangeSmall focus NA 25-400 25-600 NALarge focus NA 25-400 25-600 NA

mAs range NA 0.05-600 0.05-600 NA

Timer range, sec NA 0.002-6 0.002-6 NA

Switching NA Inverter Inverter NA

AEC NA Yes No NADetector type NA Ion chamber NA NA

Anatomicprogramming No No No NA


mA range 15-50 15-25 15-25 25-600



patient entrance 10 with ABS 10 with ABS 10 with ABS 10 with ABS

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec 1-60 1-60 1-60 1-60



X-ray Generators




CF-3 CR-30RF CR-50RF CR-600C

TOMOGRAPHIC MODE No Yes Yes No




POWER REQUIREMENTS 188-253 VAC, 50/60 188-253 VAC, 50/60 188-253 VAC, 50/60 188-253 VAC, 50/60Hz, single-phase Hz, single-phase Hz, 3-phase Hz, 3-phase


H x W x D, cm (in) 61 x 63.5 x 25.4 61 x 63.5 x 25.4 61 x 63.5 x 25.4 68.6 x 81.3 x 193(24 x 25 x 10) (24 x 25 x 10) (24 x 25 x 10) (27 x 32 x 76)

Weight, kg (lb) 22.9 (50) 31.7 (70) 31.7 (70) 136 (300)

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) 30.5 x 40.6 x 30.5 30.5 x 40.6 x 30.5 30.5 x 40.6 x 30.5 Included

(12 x 16 x 12) (12 x 16 x 12) (12 x 16 x 12)

Weight, kg (lb) 38.5 (85) 38.5 (85) 38.5 (85) Included


std configuration $14,600 $16,150 $17,710 $21,875


Year first sold 1996 1996 1996 1996Fiscal year Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS UL listed. UL listed. UL listed. UL listed.






V-325 V-425 V-550 V-650








mA rangeSmall focus 25-300 25-400 25-500 25-600Large focus 25-300 25-400 25-500 25-600

mAs range 0.05-600 0.05-600 0.05-600 0.05-600

Timer range, sec 0.002-6 0.002-6 0.002-6 0.002-6

Switching Inverter Inverter Inverter Inverter

AEC Optional Optional Yes YesDetector type Ion chamber Ion chamber Ion chamber Ion chamber

Anatomicprogramming No No No No









X-ray Generators




V-325 V-425 V-550 V-650





POWER REQUIREMENTS 188-253 VAC, 50/60 188-253 VAC, 50/60 188-253 VAC, 50/60 188-253 VAC, 50/60Hz, single-phase Hz, single-phase Hz, 3-phase (option- Hz, 3-phase (option-

al 380 VAC, 3-phase) al 380 VAC, 3-phase)


H x W x D, cm (in) 111.8 x 61 x 31.8 111.8 x 61 x 31.8 111.8 x 61 x 31.8 111.8 x 61 x 31.8(44 x 24 x 12.5) (44 x 24 x 12.5) (44 x 24 x 12.5) (44 x 24 x 12.5)

Weight, kg (lb) 68 (150) 68 (150) 68 (150) 68 (150)

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) Included Included Included Included

Weight, kg (lb) Included Included Included Included


std configuration $7,290 (plus $9,115 (plus $11,400 $14,230options) options)


Year first sold 2000 2000 2000 2000Fiscal year Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Meets requirements Meets requirements Meets requirements Meets requirementsof UL 2601. of UL 2601. of UL 2601. of UL 2601.





MODEL LISTEM LISTEM LISTEM LISTEM

DXG-325R DXG-525R MC 120 NCG600

WHERE MARKETED Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

FDA CLEARANCE No No No No

CE MARK (MDD) No No No No

TYPE Single-phase, Single-phase, Single-phase, Single-phase,full wave full wave full wave full wave


POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 22 37 7.5 Not specifiedmA @ kVp 300 @ 100, 500 @ 100, 300 @ 125 100 @ 120 kV 57 @ 120 kVp,

200 @ 125 600 @ 90 kVp

RADIOGRAPHIC MODEkV range 40-125 40-125 120 55, 73, 90, 120

mA rangeSmall focus 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mmLarge focus 2.0 mm 2.0 mm 2.0 mm 2.0 mm

mAs range 0.4-600 mAs 0.01-500 1.5-100 Not specified

Timer range, sec 0.008-6 0.008-6 Not specified Not specified

Switching Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

AEC Optional Optional Optional OptionalDetector type Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

Anatomicprogramming No No Yes Yes









X-ray Generators



MODEL LISTEM LISTEM LISTEM LISTEM

DXG-325R DXG-525R MC 120 NCG600

TOMOGRAPHIC MODE Not specified Not specified No No

X-RAY TUBES, MAXIMUM 125 kVp 125 kVp 125 kVp 125 kVp

LINE-VOLTAGECOMPENSATION Yes Yes Manual Manual

SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Yes Yes Not specified Not specified

POWER REQUIREMENTS 220 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 220 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 220 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 220/380/415 VAC,single-phase single-phase single-phase 60 Hz, single-

phase


H x W x D, cm (in) 95 x 30 x 62 Not specified 24 x 42 x 33 53 x 31 x 75(37.4 x 11.8 x 24.4) (9.4 x 16.5 x 13) (20.9 x 12.2 x 29.5)

Weight, kg (lb) 120 (264.6) Not specified 20 (44.1) 60 (132.3)

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) 76 x 43 x 53 Not specified 37 x 44 x 33 36 x 41 x 60

(29.9 x 16.9 x 20.9) (14.6 x 17.3 x 13) (14.2 x 16.1 x 23.6)

Weight, kg (lb) 220 (485.1) 105 (231.5) 60 (132.3) 80 (176.4)



Warranty 18 months 18 months 18 months 18 months


OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Meets requirements Meets requirements Meets requirements Meets requirementsof ISO 9001. of ISO 9001. of ISO 9001. of ISO 9001.





MODEL LISTEM MEDITECH MEDSTONE MEDSTONE

X ENT BBX-50 (30/80) xhf 315 mammography xhf 330

WHERE MARKETED Not specified Germany Worldwide Worldwide

FDA CLEARANCE No No Yes Yes

CE MARK (MDD) No Yes Yes Yes

TYPE Single-phase, 3-phase (6- or 12- 100 kHz resonance 100 kHz resonancefull wave pulse)

MICROPROCESSORCONTROLLED Yes Software controlled Yes Yes

POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 2.5 50 (30-80) 15 kW @ 69 kVp 30mA @ kVp 200 @ 85 kVp 500 @ 100; 300-800 @ 217 mA @ 69 kVp 300

not specified

RADIOGRAPHIC MODEkV range 75, 85 40-125, optional 150 20-69 40-135 kVp

mA rangeSmall focus 2.0 mm 50-200 Tube dependent Tube dependentLarge focus 2.0 mm 50-500 Tube dependent Tube dependent

mAs range 0.29-200 mAs 1-600 maximum 1,000 500programmable

Timer range, sec Not specified 0.004-3.6 0.003-32 0.003-6

Switching Not specified Thyristor 200 kHz 200 kHz

AEC Optional Yes Yes YesDetector type Not specified Ion chamber Ion chamber, solid- Ion chamber, solid-

state state

Anatomicprogramming Yes 80 programs Yes Yes

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE No Yes No OptionalkV range NA 125 max * NA 40-125

mA range NA See footnote * NA 25, 32, 40

Maximum number ofexposures/sec NA Not specified NA 30


patient entrance NA Not specified NA Selectable

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec NA Not specified NA 7.5-30

Automaticbrightness control NA Not specified NA Yes

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Range is dose rate controlled. two pages covering


X-ray Generators



MODEL LISTEM MEDITECH MEDSTONE MEDSTONE

X ENT BBX-50 (30/80) xhf 315 mammography xhf 330

TOMOGRAPHIC MODE No Yes Yes Yes

X-RAY TUBES, MAXIMUM 125 kVp 2 with 2 focal spots 1 (mammographic 1single port)

LINE-VOLTAGECOMPENSATION Manual Automatic Automatic Automatic

SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Not specified Text message on Yes Yesscreen

POWER REQUIREMENTS 220 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 400 VAC ±10%, 208/380/425 VAC, 220-240 VAC, single-single-phase 50/60 Hz, 140 A, 3-phase phase; 208/380/425

3-phase VAC, 3-phase;battery supportedfrom wall outlet


H x W x D, cm (in) 30 x 7 x 19 190 x 60 x 410 4.5 x 30.5 x 34 4.5 x 30.5 x 34(11.8 x 2.8 x 7.5) (74.8 x 23.6 x (1.8 x 12 x 13.4) (1.8 x 12 x 13.4)

161.4); 35 x 40 x 40(13.8 x 15.7 x 15.7)touchscreen monitor

Weight, kg (lb) Not specified 120 (265); 8 (17.6) 3 (6.6) 3 (6.6)touchscreen monitor

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) 19 x 26 x 26 100 x 50 x 50 35.6 x 50.8 x 37.5 35.6 x 50.8 x 37.5

(7.5 x 10.2 x 10.2) (39.4 x 19.7 x 19.7) (14 x 20 x 14.8) (14 x 20 x 14.8)

Weight, kg (lb) Not specified 300 (661) 110 (242.6) 110 (242.6)


std configuration Not specified DM 35,000-40,000 Not specified Not specified(US$15,259-17,438)

Warranty 18 months 1 year 2 years 2 years

Year first sold Not specified 1992 2002 1999Fiscal year Not specified January to December Not specified Not specified

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Meets requirements Touchscreen virtual None specified. None specified.of ISO 9001. keyboard; integrated

software-generatedconstancy check;printer documenta-tion of patientexamination parame-ters; can be usedwith available oldsystem HV trans-formers (Siemens,Picker, Europa, TUR,GEMS, Hofmann,Italray, etc.).





MODEL MEDSTONE MEDSTONE METALTRONICA PACIONI

xhf 340 xhf 350 : xhf 355 TORIX 90 CLINIX-HF 650


FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes No Not specified


TYPE 100 kHz resonance 100 kHz resonance High frequency, High frequency,25 kHz (50 kHz 100 kHz, 3-phaseripple)


POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 40 50 14 50 or 80mA @ kVp 400 500 140 @ 100, 600 @ 80, 500 @ 100,

200 @ 60, 400 @ 125, 320 @ 125130 @ 84, or 800 @ 100, 640 @100 @ 120 125, 530 @ 150

RADIOGRAPHIC MODEkV range 40-135 kVp 40-135 : 40-150 40-120 40-150 (111 steps)

mA rangeSmall focus Tube dependent Tube dependent 100-200 35-600 (10 steps) *Large focus Tube dependent Tube dependent NA 35-600 (10 steps) *

mAs range 500 (optional up to 500 (optional up to 0.3-200 Not specified2,300) 2,300)

Timer range, sec 0.003-13 0.003-13 0.0015-2 0.002-9 (35 steps)

Switching 200 kHz 200 kHz Mosfet inverter FET

AEC Yes Yes Optional YesDetector type Ion chamber, solid- Ion chamber, solid- Not specified Ion chamber, solid-

state state state

Anatomicprogramming Yes Yes 16 programs 840 programmable

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Optional Optional No YeskV range 40-125 40-125 NA 40-120 (81 steps)

mA range 25-400 25-400 NA 0.5-5 (10 steps)



patient entrance Selectable Selectable NA Not specified

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec 7.5-30 7.5-30 NA Not specified

Automaticbrightness control Yes Yes NA Yes

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Or 20-1,000 (10 steps). two pages covering


X-ray Generators



MODEL MEDSTONE MEDSTONE METALTRONICA PACIONI

xhf 340 xhf 350 : xhf 355 TORIX 90 CLINIX-HF 650

TOMOGRAPHIC MODE Yes Yes No Yes

X-RAY TUBES, MAXIMUM 1 1 1 2; 4 accessories


SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Yes Yes Display of Error messagesdefective block

POWER REQUIREMENTS 208/380/425 VAC, 208/380/425 VAC, 220/230/240 VAC, 380/440/480 VAC,3-phase 3-phase 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz, 3-phase


H x W x D, cm (in) 4.5 x 30.5 x 34 4.5 x 30.5 x 34 105 x 70 x 50 87 x 43 x 19(1.8 x 12 x 13.4) (1.8 x 12 x 13.4) (41.3 x 27.5 x 19.7) (34.3 x 16.9 x 7.5)

Weight, kg (lb) 3 (6.6) 3 (6.6) 155 (342) 36 (79.4)

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) 35.6 x 50.8 x 37.5 35.6 x 50.8 x 37.5 Included in cabinet Included in cabinet

(14 x 20 x 14.8) (14 x 20 x 14.8)

Weight, kg (lb) 110 (242.6) 110 (242.6) Included in cabinet Included in cabinet


std configuration Not specified Not specified $17,000-30,500 €15,000 (US$15,937),€17,000 (US$18,062)

Warranty 2 years 2 years 1 year Not specified

Year first sold 1999 2002 Not specified 1994Fiscal year Not specified Not specified January to December January to December

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. None specified. Low-voltage LED and LCD dis-capacitor discharge; plays; anatomic andLCD; tube overload free techniques; de-microprocessor signed to supplycontrolled; power to 1 or 2automatic line separate diagnosticcompensation. radiology rooms

without having toinstall the controlunit in the middle(a small console ineach room permitsoperator to programautomatic anatomictechniques); IQ Net.Meets requirementsof EN 46001 andISO 9001.





MODEL PHILIPS PHILIPS PHILIPS PHILIPS

OPTIMUS 50 OPTIMUS 65 OPTIMUS 80 SUPER 50 CP




TYPE Direct-current Direct-current Direct-current High frequency,equivalent, high equivalent, high equivalent, high multipulse (12-pulsevoltage generated by voltage generated by voltage generated by equivalent)converters converters converters


POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 50 65 80 50mA @ kVp 650 @ 70, 900 @ 70, 1,100 @ 70, 630 @ 80,

500 @ 100, 650 @ 100, 800 @ 100, 500 @ 100,400 @ 125, 520 @ 125, 640 @ 125, 400 @ 125,333 @ 150 433 @ 150 533 @ 150 320 2 150


mA rangeSmall focus 1-650 1-900 1-1,100 10-630Large focus 1-650 (depends on 1-900 (depends on 1-1,100 (depends on 10-630 (depends on

tube type) tube type) tube type) tube type)mAs range 0.5-850 0.5-800 0.5-800 0.5-850

Timer range, sec 0.001-6 0.001-6 0.01-6 0.001-6

Switching Transistor Transistor Transistor Thyristor

AEC Yes Yes Yes YesDetector type Ion chamber (4), Ion chamber (4), Ion chamber (4), Ion chamber (6)

photodiode (1) photodiode (1) photodiode (1)

Anatomicprogramming Yes Yes Yes Yes


mA range 0.1-3, 0.1-6 0.1-3, 0.1-6 0.1-3, 0.1-6 0.1-3, 0.1-6,30 max

Maximum number ofexposures/sec 6 6 6 8 *


patient entrance Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec No No Not specified 0.5-15


Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Up to 100 (cine operation). two pages covering


X-ray Generators



MODEL PHILIPS PHILIPS PHILIPS PHILIPS

OPTIMUS 50 OPTIMUS 65 OPTIMUS 80 SUPER 50 CP


X-RAY TUBES, MAXIMUM 2 (3 with EXT) 2 (3 with EXT) 2 (3 with EXT) 3


SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Displays error codes Displays error codes Displays error codes Displays error codes

POWER REQUIREMENTS 400 VAC ±10%, 400 VAC ±10%, 400 VAC ±10%, 400 VAC +6/-10% with50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 3-phase neutral and ground

conductors,3-phase


H x W x D, cm (in) 195 x 55 x 52 195 x 55 x 52 195 x 55 x 52 195 x 55 x 52(76.8 x 21.6 x 20.5) (76.8 x 21.6 x 20.5) (76.8 x 21.6 x 20.5) (76.8 x 21.6 x 20.5)

Weight, kg (lb) 220 (485) 220 (485) 220 (485) 250 (552)

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) Included in cabinet Included in cabinet Included in cabinet 105 x 53 x 52

(41.3 x 20.9 x 20.5)

Weight, kg (lb) Included in cabinet Included in cabinet Included in cabinet 126 (277.8)





OTHER SPECIFICATIONS 1,000+ APRs; Vario 1,000+ APRs; Vario 1,000+ APRS; Vario DSI compatible;Focus; x-ray tube Focus; x-ray tube Focus; x-ray tube control desk; grid-overload protection; overload protection; overload protection; controlled (pulsed)6 x 43 x 33.5 cm 6 x 43 x 33.5 cm 6 x 43 x 33.5 cm fluoroscopy; comp-(2.4 x 17 x 13.2 in) (2.4 x 17 x 13.2 in) (2.4 x 17 x 13.2 in) uter-correctedoperator control operator control operator control exposure parameterspanel; tomographic panel; tomographic panel; tomographic based on fluoro-density control. density control. density control. scopic data; single-

plane cine imaging;interface foruniversal andperipheral angio;optional patientdata printout.





MODEL PHILIPS PHILIPS RENDIX RENDIX

SUPER 80 CP SUPER 100 CP Harmonix 350HF : Harmonix 850HF :Harmonix 650HF Harmonix 1050HF

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Israel Israel


CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes Not specified Not specified

TYPE High frequency, High frequency, High frequency, High frequency,multipulse (12-pulse multipulse (12-pulse single-phase : 3-phaseequivalent) equivalent) High frequency,

3-phase


POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 80 100 30 : 50 65 : 80mA @ kVp 1,000 @ 80, 1,000 @ 100, 300 @ 100, 800 @ 80,

800 @ 100, 800 @ 125, 200 @ 150 : 400 @ 150 :630 @ 125, 630 @ 150 600 @ 80, 1,000 @ 80,500 @ 150 300 @ 150 500 @ 150


mA rangeSmall focus 10-1,000 10-1,000 10-300 : 10-600 10-800 : 10-1,000Large focus 10-1,000 (depends on 10-1,000 (depends on 10-300 : 10-600 10-800 : 10-1,000

tube type) tube type)mAs range 0.5-850 0.5-850 0.5-600 0.5-600

Timer range, sec 0.001-6 0.001-6 0.006-6 : 0.002-6 0.002-6

Switching Thyristor Thyristor SCR SCR

AEC Yes Yes Yes YesDetector type Ion chamber (6) Ion chamber (6) Ion chamber Ion chamber

Anatomicprogramming Yes Yes 216 programmable 216 programmable


mA range 0.1-3, 0.1-6, 0.1-3, 0.1-6, 0.5-5 0.5-530 max 30 max

Maximum number ofexposures/sec 8 * 8 * Not specified 25 : 50


patient entrance Not specified Not specified 5 and 10, adjusted 5 and 10, adjusted

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec 0.5-15 0.5-15 Not specified : In development :

In development Up to 60Automatic

brightness control Yes Yes Yes Yes

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Up to 100 (cine operation). two pages covering


X-ray Generators



MODEL PHILIPS PHILIPS RENDIX RENDIX

SUPER 80 CP SUPER 100 CP Harmonix 350HF : Harmonix 850HF :Harmonix 650HF Harmonix 1050HF




SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Displays error codes Displays error codes Yes Yes

POWER REQUIREMENTS 400 VAC +6/-10% with 400 VAC +6/-10% with 220 or 380 VAC : 380 or 480 VACneutral and ground neutral and ground 380 or 480 VACconductors, conductors,3-phase 3-phase


H x W x D, cm (in) 195 x 55 x 52 195 x 55 x 52 180 x 60 x 55 180 x 60 x 55(76.8 x 21.6 x 20.5) (76.8 x 21.6 x 20.5) (71 x 24 x 22) (71 x 24 x 22)

Weight, kg (lb) 250 (552) 250 (552) 150 (330) 150 (330)

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) 105 x 53 x 52 105 x 53 x 52 Included in cabinet Included in cabinet

(41.3 x 20.9 x 20.5) (41.3 x 20.9 x 20.5)

Weight, kg (lb) 126 (277.8) 126 (277.8) Included in cabinet Included in cabinet


std configuration Not specified Not specified $25,000 : $44,000 $53,000 : $65,000



OTHER SPECIFICATIONS DSI compatible; DSI compatible; Touchscreen; 2- or Touchscreen; 2- orcontrol desk; grid- control desk; grid- 3-point; heat dis- 3-point; heat dis-controlled (pulsed) controlled (pulsed) play; automatic play; automaticfluoroscopy; comp- fluoroscopy; comp- calibration; calibration;uter-corrected uter-corrected 8 devices; interface 8 devices; interfaceexposure parameters exposure parameters board; service board; servicebased on fluoro- based on fluoro- panel; tube panel; tubescopic data; single- scopic data; single- selection. Meets selection. Meetsplane cine imaging; plane cine imaging; requirements of requirements ofinterface for interface for IEC 601-1. IEC 601-1.universal and universal andperipheral angio; peripheral angio;optional patient optional patientdata printout. data printout.





MODEL SHIMADZU SHIMADZU SHIMADZU SHIMADZU

AUD150G UD150B-30 UD150L-30 UD150L-30E :UD150L-30EX




TYPE High-frequency High-frequency High-frequency High-frequencyinverter, 3-phase inverter, 3-phase inverter, single- inverter, 3-phase

or 3-phase


POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 100 80 50 50 *mA @ kVp 1,000 @ 100 800 @ 100 500 @ 100 500 @ 100


mA rangeSmall focus 10-160 10-160 10-160 10-160Large focus 10-1,250 10-1,000 10-630 10-630

mAs range 0.5-800 0.5-800 0.5-800 0.5-800

Timer range, sec 0.001-10 0.001-10 0.001-10 0.001-10

Switching IGBT IGBT IGBT IGBT

AEC Yes Yes Yes YesDetector type PMT Solid-state, PMT Solid-state, PMT Solid-state, PMT

Anatomicprogramming 90 stations 400 stations 400 stations 224 stations :

384 stations


mA range 0.2-9 0.2-4 0.2-4 0.3-2.5



patient entrance 10 10 10 10

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30


Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* 50 kW for 3-phase, 32 kW for single-phase. two pages covering


X-ray Generators



MODEL SHIMADZU SHIMADZU SHIMADZU SHIMADZU

AUD150G UD150B-30 UD150L-30 UD150L-30E :UD150L-30EX

TOMOGRAPHIC MODE No Yes Yes Yes

X-RAY TUBES, MAXIMUM 2; optional 3 2; optional 3 2; optional 3 1



POWER REQUIREMENTS 380, 400, 415, 380, 400, 415, 440, 380, 400, 415, 440, 380, 400, 415, 440,480 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 480 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 480 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 480 VAC, 50/60 Hz,3-phase or 210 VAC, 3-phase 3-phase 3-phase50/60 Hz, 3-phase


H x W x D, cm (in) 182 x 73 x 60 175 x 80 x 40 175 x 80 x 40 71 x 90 x 40(71.7 x 26.7 x 23.5) (68.9 x 31.5 x 15.8) (68.9 x 31.5 x 15.8) (28 x 35.4 x 15.7) :

91.5 x 97 x 45(36 x 38.2 x 17.7)

Weight, kg (lb) 270 (595) 250 (551.3) 240 (529.2) 180 (396.9) :230 (507.2)

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) Included in cabinet Included in cabinet Included in cabinet Included in cabinet

Weight, kg (lb) Included in cabinet Included in cabinet Included in cabinet Included in cabinet




Year first sold 1994 1998 1998 1999Fiscal year January to December January to December January to December January to December

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Plasma touchscreen; EL display; exposure EL display; exposure Digital LED display;pulsed fluoroscopy; time and mAs setting time and mAs setting exposure time andDSA capable. Meets 12.5%; optional 12.5%; optional mAs setting 12.5%.requirements of ETL. touch-sensitive touch-sensitive Meets requirements

panel. Meets panel. Meets of ETL.requirements of ETL. requirements of ETL.





MODEL SHIMADZU SHIMADZU SMAM STADLER

UD150L-30F UD150L-30FX TOP 28 SE8040(40 kW)

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Africa, Asia, WorldwideEurope, SouthAmerica

FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes Not specified Submitted


TYPE High-frequency High-frequency High frequency High frequencyinverter, single- inverter, 3-phaseor 3-phase


POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp See footnote * 50 32 40mA @ kVp 500 @ 100 500 @ 100 320 @ 100 400 @ 102


mA rangeSmall focus 10-160 10-160 50, 63, 80 25-400Large focus 10-630 10-630 100, 125, 160, 200, 25-400

250, 320mAs range 0.5-500 0.5-800 0.2-320 0.1-500

Timer range, sec 0.001-10 0.001-10 0.008-6.3 0.001-5

Switching IGBT IGBT By “on” button IGBT

AEC Yes Yes Optional YesDetector type Solid-state, PMT Solid-state, PMT Telamat Comet Ion chamber or

solid-state

Anatomicprogramming 224 stations 224 stations 24 programs ** Up to 250 in 2

tables

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Yes Yes No YeskV range 50-125 50-125 NA 40-110

mA range 0.3-2.5 0.3-2.5 NA 0.3-5 continuous,10-50 pulsed



patient entrance 10 10 NA 5/10

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30 NA 30/15/7.5/5.3/3.75

Automaticbrightness control Yes : NA Yes NA See footnote ***

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* 50 kW for 3-phase, 32 kW for single-phase. two pages covering** 4 thickness-compensation levels. the above model(s).*** Editable kV/mA tracking curve. These specifications

continue onto thenext page.

X-ray Generators



MODEL SHIMADZU SHIMADZU SMAM STADLER

UD150L-30F UD150L-30FX TOP 28 SE8040(40 kW)


X-RAY TUBES, MAXIMUM 2; optional 3 2 1 2

LINE-VOLTAGECOMPENSATION Automatic Automatic ±10% Automatic

SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Yes Yes Through LCD Error messages,self-test program

POWER REQUIREMENTS 380, 400, 415, 440, 380, 400, 415, 440, 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 3 x 400 VAC, ±10%,480 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 480 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 16 A, single-phase 50 Hz, 3-phase3-phase 3-phase


H x W x D, cm (in) 71 x 90 x 40 91.5 x 97 x 45 95.1 x 57.3 x 41 7 x 38 x 31(28 x 35.4 x 15.7) (36 x 38.2 x 17.7) (37 x 22.6 x 16.1); (2.8 x 15 x 12.2)

90.8 x 50 x 25(35.7 x 20 x 9.8)console

Weight, kg (lb) 180 (396.9) 230 (507.2) Not specified 3.5 (7.7)

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) Included in cabinet Included in cabinet Included in cabinet 69.2 x 58.3 x 35.7

(27.2 x 23 x 14.1)

Weight, kg (lb) Included in cabinet Included in cabinet Included in cabinet 50 (110.3)



Warranty 1 year 1 year 1 year 2 years

Year first sold 1999 1999 1993 2003Fiscal year January to December January to December Not specified January to December

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Digital LED display; Digital LED display; 93/42/EEC directive Modular construc-exposure time and exposure time and CEO459. tion; PC interface;mAs setting 12.5%. mAs setting 12.5%. PC control panelMeets requirements Meets requirements with touchscreen;of ETL. of ETL. plug-and-play

installation programsoftware interfaceHL7; interface fordose product; easyediting organtables; maintenancevia notebook;optional high speedstarter.





MODEL STADLER STADLER STEPHANIX STEPHANIX

SE8050 SE8060 N32 HF N32 HFR(50 kW) (65 kW)


FDA CLEARANCE Submitted Submitted Not specified Not specified


TYPE High frequency High frequency High frequency, High frequencysingle- or 3-phase



RADIOGRAPHIC MODEkV range 40-150 40-150 40-125, 40-150 40-125 or 40-150


mAs range 0.1-500 0.1-800 0.1-500 0.1-500

Timer range, sec 0.001-5 0.001-5 0.001-10 0.001-10

Switching IGBT IGBT By button (on), by Not specifiedsoftkey (off)

AEC Yes Yes Optional OptionalDetector type Ion chamber or Ion chamber or Not specified Not specified

solid-state solid-state

Anatomicprogramming Up to 250 in 2 Up to 250 in 2 Up to 864 programs Up to 864 programs

tables tables (touchscreen model) (touchscreen model)

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Yes Yes Yes NokV range 40-110 40-110 40-120 NA

mA range 0.3-5 continuous, 0.3-5 continuous, 0.5-5 NA10-50 pulsed 10-50 pulsed

Maximum number ofexposures/sec Not specified Not specified Not specified NA


patient entrance 5/10 5/10 Not specified NA

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec 30/15/7.5/5.3/3.75 30/15/7.5/5.3/3.75 1-30 NA

Automaticbrightness control See footnote * See footnote * Optional NA

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Editable kV/mA tracking curve. two pages covering


X-ray Generators



MODEL STADLER STADLER STEPHANIX STEPHANIX

SE8050 SE8060 N32 HF N32 HFR(50 kW) (65 kW)




SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Error messages, Error messages, Yes Yesself-test program self-test program

POWER REQUIREMENTS 3 x 400 VAC ±10%, 3 x 400 VAC ±10%, 220/480 VAC, 220/240 VAC,50 Hz, 3-phase 50 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 50/60 Hz,

single- or 3-phase single-phase


H x W x D, cm (in) 7 x 38 x 31 7 x 38 x 31 54.5 x 36 x 64.2 Not specified(2.8 x 15 x 12.2) (2.8 x 15 x 12.2) (21.5 x 14.2 x 25.3)

Weight, kg (lb) 3.5 (7.7) 3.5 (7.7) 95 (209.5) Not specified

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) 69.2 x 58.3 x 35.7 69.2 x 58.3 x 35.7 Not specified Not specified

(27.2 x 23 x 14.1) (27.2 x 23 x 14.1)

Weight, kg (lb) 50 (110.3) 50 (110.3) Not specified Not specified



Warranty 2 years 2 years 1 year 1 year

Year first sold 2003 2003 Not specified Not specifiedFiscal year January to December January to December January to December January to December

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Modular construc- Modular construc- None specified. Load capacity 52,500tion; PC interface; tion; PC interface; mAs @ 100 kV; UPSPC control panel PC control panel option.with touchscreen; with touch-screen;plug-and-play plug-and-playinstallation program installation programsoftware interface software interfaceHL7; interface for HL7; interface fordose product; easy dose product; easyediting organ editing organtables; maintenance tables; maintenancevia notebook; via notebook;optional high-speed optional high-speedstarter. starter.





MODEL STEPHANIX STEPHANIX STEPHANIX STEPHANIX

N40 HF N40 HFR N50 HF N50 HFR


FDA CLEARANCE Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified


TYPE High frequency, High frequency High frequency, High frequencysingle- or 3-phase single- or 3-phase



RADIOGRAPHIC MODEkV range 40-125 or 40-150 40-125 or 40-150 40-125 or 40-150 40-125 or 40-150


mAs range 0.1-500 0.1-500 0.1-500 0.1-500

Timer range, sec 0.001-10 0.001-10 0.001-10 0.001-10

Switching Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

AEC Optional Optional Optional OptionalDetector type Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

Anatomicprogramming Up to 864 programs Up to 864 programs Up to 864 programs Up to 864 programs

(touchscreen model) (touchscreen model) (touchscreen model) (touchscreen model)

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Yes No Yes NokV range 40-120 NA 40-120 NA

mA range 0.5-5 NA 0.5-5 NA

Maximum number ofexposures/sec Not specified NA Not specified NA


patient entrance Not specified NA Not specified NA

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec 1-30 Na 1-30 NA

Automaticbrightness control Optional NA Optional NA


X-ray Generators



MODEL STEPHANIX STEPHANIX STEPHANIX STEPHANIX

N40 HF N40 HFR N50 HF N50 HFR





POWER REQUIREMENTS 220/480 VAC, 220/240 VAC, 220/480 VAC, 220/240 VAC,50/60 Hz, 50/60 Hz, 50/60 Hz, 50/60 Hz,single- or 3-phase single-phase single- or 3-phase single-phase


H x W x D, cm (in) 54.5 x 36 x 64.2 Not specified 54.5 x 36 x 64.2 Not specified(21.5 x 14.2 x 25.3) (21.5 x 14.2 x 25.3)

Weight, kg (lb) 95 (209.5) Not specified 9.5 (209.5) Not specified

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified





Year first sold Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specifiedFiscal year January to December January to December January to December January to December

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. Load capacity 52,500 None specified. Load capacitymAs @ 100 kV; UPS 127,500 mAs @ 100option. kV; UPS option.





MODEL STEPHANIX STEPHANIX TOSHIBA TOSHIBA

N65 HF N80 HF KXO-80G KXO-100G


FDA CLEARANCE Not specified Not specified Yes Yes


TYPE High frequency, High frequency, High frequency High-frequency3-phase 3-phase inverter

MICROPROCESSORCONTROLLED Yes Yes Yes No

POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 65 80 80 100mA @ kVp 650 @ 100 800 @ 100 1,000 @ 80, 1,250 @ 80,

800 @ 100, 1,000 @ 100,630 @ 125, 800 @ 125,500 @ 150 630 @ 150

RADIOGRAPHIC MODEkV range 40-125 or 40-150 40-150 40-150, 1 kV steps 50-125

mA rangeSmall focus 10-650 10-800 10-320, 6 steps Not specifiedLarge focus 10-650 10-800 10-1,000 Not specified

mAs range 0.1-500 0.1-500 0.5-800 100-1,250

Timer range, sec 0.001-10 0.001-10 0.001-0.9, 1-10 0.001-1

Switching Not specified Not specified IGBT Not specified

AEC Optional Optional Yes Not specifiedDetector type Not specified Not specified SOLIDET Not specified

Anatomicprogramming Up to 864 programs Up to 864 programs Yes Not specified

(touchscreen model) (touchscreen model)

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Yes Yes Yes YeskV range 40-120 40-120 50-125, 1 kV steps 50-125 continuous,

50-110 pulsedmA range 0.5-5 0.5-5 0.5-4, 0.1 mA steps 0.5-4 continuous

Maximum number ofexposures/sec 30 Not specified 6 1


patient entrance Not specified Not specified 10 (federal limit) 10 (federal limit)

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec 1-30 1-30 Optional 10-1,000

Automaticbrightness control Optional Optional Yes Yes


X-ray Generators



MODEL STEPHANIX STEPHANIX TOSHIBA TOSHIBA

N65 HF N80 HF KXO-80G KXO-100G

TOMOGRAPHIC MODE Yes Yes Yes No


LINE-VOLTAGECOMPENSATION Automatic Automatic Yes Yes


POWER REQUIREMENTS 400/480 VAC, 400/480 VAC, 200/220/240 VAC, 380/400/415/440/48050/60 Hz, 50/60 Hz, 3 phase; VAC, 3-phase3-phase 3-phase 380-480 VAC, 3-phase


H x W x D, cm (in) 54.5 x 36 x 64.2 54.5 x 36 x 64.2 175 x 40 x 111 231.2 x 57.2 x 46.1(21.5 x 14.2 x 25.3) (21.5 x 14.2 x 25.3) (68.9 x 15.7 x 43.7) (91 x 22.5 x 18.1)

Weight, kg (lb) 9.5 (20.9) 9.5 (20.9) 420 (924) 110 (242)

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) Not specified Not specified Included in cabinet Included in cabinet

Weight, kg (lb) Not specified Not specified Included in cabinet Included in cabinet




Year first sold Not specified Not specified 1994 1999Fiscal year January to December January to December April to March April to March

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. None specified. APR programming None specified.standard; 1-touchoperation.





MODEL VILLA VILLA VILLA VILLA

G100C G100 R/F G100RAD Genius 500 :Genius 750


FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes Yes Not specified

CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes Yes Not specified

TYPE High frequency High frequency High frequency Single phase,2 pulse : 3-phase,6 pulse

MICROPROCESSORCONTROLLED Yes Yes Yes No

POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 32 50 50 55 : 70mA @ kVp 320 mA @ 100 kVp 500 mA @ 100 kV 500 mA @ 100 kV 600 @ 100, 500 @

120, 300 @ 150 :750 @ 95, 700 @ 100,500 @ 125

RADIOGRAPHIC MODEkV range 40-125 kV, 1 kV step 40-150 kV, 1 kV step 40-150 kV, 1 kV step 40-125

mA rangeSmall focus 10-400, 17 kV steps 10-630, 19 steps 10-630, 19 steps 25-200Large focus Not specified Not specified Not specified 200-600 : 200-750

mAs range 0.5-500, 31 steps 0.25-1,000, 35 steps 0.25-1,000, 35 steps Not specified

Timer range, sec 0.001-6.3 sec, 39 0.001-6.3 sec, 39 0.001-6.3 sec, 39 0.01-8 : 0.01-6steps steps steps

Switching IGBT IGBT IGBT SCR

AEC Optional Optional Optional OptionalDetector type Solid-state Solid-state Solid-state Not specified

Anatomicprogramming Yes Yes Yes No

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE No Yes No YeskV range NA 40-125 kV, 1 kV step NA 40-120

mA range NA 0.5-6 mA NA 0-5

Maximum number ofexposures/sec NA 25 fps NA 8


patient entrance NA Not specified NA Not specified

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec NA 30 NA Not specified

Automaticbrightness control NA Yes NA Yes


X-ray Generators



MODEL VILLA VILLA VILLA VILLA

G100C G100 R/F G100RAD Genius 500 :Genius 750

TOMOGRAPHIC MODE No Yes Yes Not specified


LINE-VOLTAGECOMPENSATION Yes Yes Yes Optional

SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Yes Yes Yes Not specified

POWER REQUIREMENTS 400 VAC ±10%, 400 VAC ±10%, 400 VAC ±10%, 220/380/415 VAC,50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, single-

phase : 220/380/415VAC, 50/60 Hz,3-phase


H x W x D, cm (in) 62 x 50 x 35 124 x 46 x 41 124 x 46 x 41 97 x 79 x 39(24.4 x 19.7 x 13.8) (48.8 x 18.1 x 16.1) (48.8 x 18.1 x 16.1) (38 x 31 x 15.4) :

97 x 93 x 39(38 x 36.6 x 15.4)

Weight, kg (lb) 55 (121.3) 107 (235.9) 107 (235.9) 139 (306) :168 (370)

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) Integrated in the Integrated in the Integrated in the 51 x 38 x 38

cabinet cabinet cabinet (20 x 15 x 15) :98 x 35 x 50(38.5 x 14 x 19.7)

Weight, kg (lb) Not specified Not specified Not specified 184 (406) :248 (547)





OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. None specified. None specified. None specified.





MODEL VILLA VILLA VILLA VMI

Genius 1000 Genius HF 65 Genius HF 80 COMPACTO Plus 500(40 kW) : (50 kW)


FDA CLEARANCE Not specified Not specified Not specified No

CE MARK (MDD) Not specified Yes Yes No

TYPE 3-phase, 12 pulse High frequency High frequency High frequency

MICROPROCESSORCONTROLLED No Yes Yes Yes

POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 100 65 80 40 : 50mA @ kVp 1,000 @ 100, 800 @ 81, 1,000 @ 80, 500 @ 80 :

800 @ 120, 630 @ 103, 800 @ 100, 400 @ 125600 @ 150 500 @ 130, 630 @ 127,

400 @ 150 500 @ 150

RADIOGRAPHIC MODEkV range 40-150 40-150, 1 kV steps 40-150, 1 kV steps 40-125 : 40-150

mA rangeSmall focus 50-200 10-320 10-320 25-150Large focus 300-1,000 32-800 32-1,000 200-500

mAs range Not specified 0.4-630 0.4-630 Not specified

Timer range, sec 0.003-6 0.001-16 0.001-16 0.005-5

Switching SCR IGBT IGBT IGBT inverter

AEC Optional Optional Optional OptionalDetector type Not specified Solid-state Solid-state Solid-state

Anatomicprogramming No Yes Yes Yes

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Yes Yes Yes YeskV range 40-120 40-120 40-120 NA

mA range 0-5 0.5-5 0.5-5 NA

Maximum number ofexposures/sec 8 50 50 NA


patient entrance Not specified Not specified Not specified NA

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec Not specified Yes Yes NA



X-ray Generators



MODEL VILLA VILLA VILLA VMI

Genius 1000 Genius HF 65 Genius HF 80 COMPACTO Plus 500(40 kW) : (50 kW)



LINE-VOLTAGECOMPENSATION Optional Yes Yes Automatic

SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Not specified Yes Yes Yes

POWER REQUIREMENTS 220/380/415 VAC, 220-400 VAC, 220-400 VAC, 220/380 VAC ±10%,50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 50/60 Hz, 50/60 Hz, 3-phase

3-phase 3-phase


H x W x D, cm (in) 97 x 79 x 39 195 x 55 x 52 195 x 55 x 52 98 x 62 x 35(38 x 31 x 15.4) (76 x 21.7 x 20.5); (76 x 21.7 x 20.5); (38.6 x 24.4 x 13.8)

90 x 47 x 43 90 x 47 x 43(35.4 x 18.5 x 16.9) (35.4 x 18.5 x 16.9)operator console operator console

Weight, kg (lb) 177 (390) 200 (441); 25 (55.1) 200 (441); 25 (55.1) 8 (17.6)operator console operator console

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) 124 x 79 x 39 Included in cabinet Included in cabinet 85 x 50 x 39

(49 x 31 x 15.4) (33.4 x 19.7 x 15.4)

Weight, kg (lb) 380 (838) Included in cabinet Included in cabinet 80 (176) : 60 (132)


std configuration Not specified Not specified Not specified $14,000 : $15,000

Warranty Not specified Not specified Not specified 1 year

Year first sold Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specifiedFiscal year Not specified Not specified Not specified January to December

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. None specified. None specified. Tube overload,tube filament, andanode-circuitfailure protectionsystems. Meetsrequirements ofHealth Ministry'sSanitary Vigilancecertificate andIEC 601.





MODEL VMI VMI XMA XMA

PULSAR Plus 500 PULSAR Plus 800 Infinity 325 Infinity HF30(40 kW) : (50 kW)

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Canada, USA Canada, USA

FDA CLEARANCE No No Not specified Not specified

CE MARK (MDD) No No Not specified Not specified

TYPE High frequency High frequency Single-phase Single-phase,high frequency


POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 40 : 50 64 30 30mA @ kVp 500 @ 80 : 800 @ 80 300 @ 125 500 mAs @ 125

400 @ 125

RADIOGRAPHIC MODEkV range 40-125 : 40-150, 40-150, 30-125 40-125

1 kV increments 1 kV incrementsmA range

Small focus 25-150 25-150 50-100 24-120Large focus 200-500 200-800 150-300 240-360

mAs range Not specified Not specified Not specified 1-500

Timer range, sec 0.005-5 0.005-5 0.008-6 0.0083-3

Switching IGBT inverter IGBT inverter SCR SCR

AEC Optional Optional Optional OptionalDetector type Solid-state Solid-state Ion chamber Ion chamber

Anatomicprogramming Yes Yes No No

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Yes Yes No NokV range 50-110 50-110 NA NA

mA range 0.5-5 0.5-5 NA NA

Maximum number ofexposures/sec Not specified Not specified NA NA


patient entrance 10 with ABS 10 with ABS NA NA

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec 1-30 1-30 NA NA

Automaticbrightness control Yes Yes NA NA


X-ray Generators



MODEL VMI VMI XMA XMA

PULSAR Plus 500 PULSAR Plus 800 Infinity 325 Infinity HF30(40 kW) : (50 kW)

TOMOGRAPHIC MODE Yes Yes No No


LINE-VOLTAGECOMPENSATION Automatic Automatic 12-step manual Manual

SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Yes Yes Not specified No

POWER REQUIREMENTS 220/380 VAC ±10%, 220/380 VAC ±10%, 240 VAC, 60 Hz, 240 VAC, 60 Hz,50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 3-phase 100 A, single-phase 100 A, single-phase


H x W x D, cm (in) 98 x 62 x 35 98 x 62 x 35 106.7 x 56.5 x 27.9 91.4 x 26.7 x 22.9(38.6 x 24.4 x 13.8) (38.6 x 24.4 x 13.8) (42 x 22.3 x 11) (36 x 10.5 x 9)

Weight, kg (lb) 8 (17.6) 8 (17.6) Not specified Not specified

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) 85 x 50 x 39 85 x 50 x 39 54.6 H x 38.1 diam 43.2 x 38.1 x 27.9

(33.4 x 19.7 x 15.4) (33.4 x 19.7 x 15.4) (21.5 H x 15 diam) (17 x 15 x 11)

Weight, kg (lb) 60 (132) 80 (176) Not specified Not specified


std configuration $18,000 : $20,000 $24,000 Not specified Not specified

Warranty 1 year 1 year Not specified Not specified

Year first sold Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specifiedFiscal year January to December January to December Not specified Not specified

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Tube overload, Tube overload, Meets requirements None specified.tube filament, and tube filament, and of UL.anode-circuit anode-circuitfailure protection failure protectionsystems. Meets systems. Meetsrequirements of requirements ofHealth Ministry's Health Ministry'sSanitary Vigilance Sanitary Vigilancecertificate and certificate andIEC 601. IEC 601.





MODEL XMA

Infinity HF50SE

WHERE MARKETED Canada, USA

FDA CLEARANCE Not specified

CE MARK (MDD) Not specified

TYPE Single-phase,high frequency

MICROPROCESSORCONTROLLED Yes

POWER RATINGkW rating @ 100 kVp 30mA @ kVp 500 mAs @ 125

RADIOGRAPHIC MODEkV range 40-125

mA rangeSmall focus 300 maximumLarge focus 300 maximum

mAs range 1-500

Timer range, sec Not specified

Switching Not specified

AEC OptionalDetector type Ion chamber

Anatomicprogramming No

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE NokV range NA

mA range NA

Maximum number ofexposures/sec NA


patient entrance NA

Pulsed fluoroscopy,pulses/sec NA

Automaticbrightness control NA


X-ray Generators



MODEL XMA

Infinity HF50SE

TOMOGRAPHIC MODE No

X-RAY TUBES, MAXIMUM 1

LINE-VOLTAGECOMPENSATION Automatic

SELF-DIAGNOSTICS 6-field errorindicator

POWER REQUIREMENTS 260 VAC, 50/60 Hz,100 A, single-phase;120 VAC, 50/60 Hz,3 A minimum forconsole/logic system


H x W x D, cm (in) 7.6 x 40.9 x 18.5(3 x 16.1 x 7.3)

Weight, kg (lb) Not specified

HV transformerH x W x D, cm (in) 81.3 x 38.7 x 38.7

(32 x 15.3 x 15.3)with power module

Weight, kg (lb) Not specified


std configuration Not specified

Warranty Not specified

Year first sold Not specifiedFiscal year Not specified

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS 3 stations (up to300 mA) selectedat installation.




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x Ray Generator