ɑ ɭ Ʌ ƐɌ Ȳ ǃ Ɍ Ɇ ɑ ɽƙ Ɇ Dž Ʌ ƙ Ȳ ɭ Ɋ Ƹ Ɂ ɽƳ Ɍ

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� ɳ Ƿ ɵ ɂ Ƃɳ ȃ Ɍ ɿ-Ǖ Ƀ ɩɁ Ƙ ៦-៧ɳ Ȳ ˊɁ � ɴ ȳ Nj ȵ � ƹ ƒ ɸɳ Ǎ ȶ ȷ ǂ ƛ ɑ ʂȲ Ɉ .ស.២៥៥៦ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ Ʌ ɫȶ

� � � � � � � � � � � � ɵ ɂ ƂɃ ɪ១៦-១៧ ɴ ȳ Ȳ ɭ Ɋ Ɩɺ គ.ស.២០១៣ � ɳ Ƿ Ƀ ɪƙ Ȳ ȩȶ ƴ ɸȼ ɩɅ ៃនɌ ȼ ƊɅ ɪɎ ɳ ȹ ˊɑ ɭ ɪ� ɑ ɒ Ɍ ȼ ƊǕ ɳ Ɋ Ɍ ɩȲ ។

ɑ ɮ Ɋ Ʌ Ɋ ɑ ƞ Ƴ Ɍ ȼ ɍ ɽ ƙ Ɉ ɹ Ɍ Ɂ Ʌ ƙ Ɂ ʂɋ � ɑ ɮ Ɋ ǃ ƛ ɋ Ɇ ȶ ƀ ɸƙ Ɉ ɹ ȴ ɭ ɀ ƙ ȴ Ɇ ɽɔ ȶ ƀ� � � ɑ ɮ Ɋ ȹ ɸǍ Ɇ ȼ ɍ ɽ � � ɳ ǎ Ȳ ǂ

ɳ ǎ Ȳ nj ɋ � � ɳ ǎ Ȳ Nj � ɔ ƒȲ Ɋ ɪȶ � Ʌ ɩȶ Ɇ ȶ Ɇ ơɮ Ʌ ƙ Ɇ ȩɑ ƙ ɑ ɪ� ƙ ȴ Ɇ ɽɔ ȶ ƀɅ ɩȶ Ɍ ɮ Ɇ � ƺ Ƀ ɪɳ Ƶ Ɍ Ɉ � ƙ ɑ ǔ Ȼ ɽ !

Ȳ ƒɭ ȶ dž Ɋ ƺ ƙ Ɇ Dž Ʌ ƙ Ȳ ȩɊ Ƹ Ɂ ɽƳ Ɍ Ɉ ɩɄ ɪɆ ɭ ɀ Ƙ Ƀ Ȳ ſ ɩǁ Ʌ ɭ Ɇ Ɠ DŽ Ʌ � ឬរឭȲ Ɏ ɩȦ ƈ ɀ Ȳ ſɅ Ƒȼ ɍ ɽ Ɇ ɭ Ɉ ƛ Ƴ Ɍ ɪȹ Ʌ ɴ ȳ ƗɌ

Ȳ Ɋ ƕɭ ƺ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ � ȳ Ƈɭ ɸƙ Ɉ ɹ Ȳ Ɍ ɭ ǁ � � ȳ Ƈɭ ɸLJ Ƀ � ɑ ɮ Ɋ ɴ ɂ ƚȶ Ʌ ɮ Ɏ ɔ ɸɀ Ɍ ƙ Ɉ ɹ ȴ ɭ ɀ � ɔ Ɍ ȴ ɭ ɀ ƺ ɔ Ɂ ɩɆ Ɍ Nj ȼ ɍ ɽ ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɳ Ɂ ȹ ȴ ɭ ɀ

� ɔ ɑ ɽ ɳ ǎ Ȳ � ɳ ǎ Ȳ ƙ ɑ ɪ� ɳ ǎ Ȳ ǂ � � ɳ ǎ Ȳ nj ɋ � � ɳ ǎ Ȳ Nj � � ɔ ƒȲ Ɋ ɪȶ � Ʌ ɩȶ Ɇ ȶ Ɇ ơɮ Ʌ ƙ Ɇ ȩɑ ƙ ɑ ɪ� � � � ƙ ȴ Ɇ ɽɔ ȶ ƀɅ ɩȶ Ɍ ɮ Ɇ �

ɴ ȼ ɍ LJ Ʌ Ʌ ɩɊ Ʌ ƎɅ ɩȶ ɔ ɳ ȥ ƅ ˊ Ȼ � Ɋ Ȳ ȷ ɮ ɍ Ɍ ɯ Ɋ ƺ Ȳ ɩɁ Ǝ ɩɋ ɑ ɳ Ƿ Ȳ ƒɭ ȶ ɣ Ƴ ɑ ɳ Ʌ ɹ ។

� � � � � � Ɋ ɮ ɍ ɳ ɒ Ɂ ɭ ɴ ȼ ɍ dž ɸɣ ɋ ɳ Ȳ ˊɁ ɳ ɓ ˊȶ Ʌ ɮ Ɏ Ɉ ɩɄ ɪɆ ɭ ɀ Ƙ ɳ Ʌ ɹ � ȴ ɬɳ ȼ ˊɊ Ɠ ɪɆ ɸɳ Ɉ Ȼ Ʌ ɮ Ɏ Ȳ Ɂ ȥ ƈɮȲ Ɂ ɳ Ɏ Ƀ ɪ � ȷ ɸɳ lj ɹ Ɇ ɭ Ɉ ƛ Ɍ ɪȹ Ʌ

ɳ ɋ ˊȶ DŽ ɸȶ ɔ ɑ ɽ � � � � ɴ ȼ ɍ LJ Ʌ Ɇ ɮ ƺ Ƴ ɋ � � ǃ ƛ ɋ ȹ ɪɎ ɩɁ � � ɳ ȼ ˊɊ Ɠ ɪƳ Ɍ lj Ɍ Ʌ ɮ Ɏ � ƺ Ɂ ɩ� ǒ ɑ dž � Nj ǂ � Ɇ ɩɁ ɭ ɉ ɮ Ɋ ɩ � Ȳ Ɋ ƕɭ ƺ

ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ ʆ � � ȼ ɮ ȷ ƺ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ Ǎ ɍ ɽ Ƶ ƒ LJ Ʌ ɳ ȵ ˊȻ Lj Ɛ ɍ ɽ Ʌ ɫȶ ɴ ɉ ƒȲ � � ǂ Ɋ Ƀ ɮ Ɍ Ƀ ɑ ƞ Ʌ ɿ� � ǂ Ɋ Ƴ ɴ ɑ Ɂ � � Ƀ ɩdž Ʌ ɭ Ɇ Ɠ Ɏ Ɂ Ǝ ɩ� � � ǂ Ɋ

Ƀ ɑ ƞ dž Ɏ ȼ Ǝ ɪdž dž � � ƺ Ɉ ɩɳ ɑ ɑ ǂ Ɋ Ɇ ǁ Ǝ Ȼ ɔ ɩɅ Ʉ ɬɴ ɀ Ɂ � � Ɉ ɯ Ȳ ȹ Ʌ Ɇ Ɍ ɳ Ƀ ɑ ɳ ȴ LJ Ʌ ƙ LJ Ɍ Ɉ Ƒ Ɉ ɩɄ ɪɳ Ʌ ɹ � � ȼ ɍ ɽ Ɇ ɭ Ɉ ƛ

Ƴ Ɍ ɪȹ Ʌ Ɍ Ɇ ɑ ɽ ɳ ȴ � ɴ ȼ ɍ LJ Ʌ Ɉ ɍ ɪȲ Ɋ Ɨȹ ɪɎ ɩɁ ɳ Ƿ ɑ Ɋ Ɍ ɉ ɮ Ɋ ɩ� � ɳ ȼ ˊɊ Ɠ ɪƺ Ɂ ɩ� Nj Ɂ ɭ ɉ ɮ Ɋ ɩ� Ʌ ɩȶ ɑ Ʌ ƎɩNJ Ɉ � ƺ ɳ Ɍ Ȣ ȶ Ǎ ɍ ɽ ƹ ƒ ɸ�

Nj Ʌ Ǖ ɳ Ɋ Ɍ ɩƳ ɸȶ � LJ Ǎ ɸង � Ǖ ɍ ƚɪɊ ɻȶ ɽ� ɔ ȶ ɽɳ ȴ ƚɑ � Ƴ ǁ ƽ � � � ɔ ɮ Ȝ ǒ Ǝ ɍ ɪʆ ɍ ʆ ȴ ɬɳ ȴ LJ Ʌ ɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊɈ ɩɄ ɪɳ Ʌ ɹ nj ɻ ȶ Ɋ ɳ Ǔ

ǔ Ɍ ɩȲ ɵ ɂ ƚɂ ƒɮ Ɍ � ɳ Ƿ ƙ ȴ Ɇ ɽɃ ɪƙ Ȳ ȩȶ Ʌ ɩȶ ƙ ȹ ȩȶ ɳ ƙ ƺ ɋ ɵ Ʌ ƙ Ɇ ɳ Ƀ ɑ Ʌ ɩɊ ɯ ɋ ʉ � � � ɳ ƙ lj ɹ ɳ ȴ ɋ ɍ ɽ ǃ � ƙ Ɇ ɳ Ƀ ɑ ɳ ȴ Ƀ Ƀ ɯ ɍ LJ Ʌ

ɑ ɭ ȳ ɑ Ʌ ƎɩNJ Ɉ Ɋ Ȳ ȼ ɍ ɽ ɑ Ɉ ƛ ɵ ɂ Ƃɳ Ʌ ɹ � Ȳ ʁɳ ƽ ɋ ǒ Ɍ Ƴ Ɍ Ɇ Ǝɮ Ɍ ȹɪɎ ɩɁ Ɍ Ɇ ɑ ɽ Ɇ ɭ Ɉ ƛ Ƴ Ɍ ɪȹ Ʌ Ɍ Ɇ ɑ ɽ ɳ ȴ ʆ

� � � � � � ȷ ɭ ɹ ȼ ɮ Ʌ ǂ ɴ ȳ ƗɌ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ � � � � � � ɴ ȼ ɍ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ Ȳ ɸɈ ɭ ȶ ɴ Ɂ Ɍ ɸɟ Ȳ ȴ ɭ ɀ ɳ Ƿ ɳ Ɉ ɍ ɳ Ʌ ɹ � � � � � ɳ Ɂ ˊɆ ɭ Ɉ ƛ Ƴ Ɍ ɪȹ Ʌ DŽ ɸȶ ɳ dž ɹ � LJ Ʌ

Ɉ ɍ ɪȲ Ɋ Ɨɳ Ƿ Ȳ ƒɭ ȶ ɑ Ɋ Ɍ ɉ ɮ Ɋ ɩɵ Ʌ ɑ Ȝ Ʒ ƀ Ɋ ǁ ɴ ȼ Ɍ ? - ɑ ɮ Ɋ ƙ Ɇ ɳ ȴ Ʌ Ʌ ɩȶ ȹ ɸǍ Ɇ ɽǃ � ȼ ɮ Ʌ ǂ ɴ ȳ ƗɌ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ � LJ Ʌ Ɇ ɮ ƺ

ȹ ɪɎ ɩɁ Ǎ Ɇ ɽɴ ɑ Ʌ � ǎ Ʌ ɔ ȶ ƀɅ ɩȶ Ɍ ɮ Ɇ � ǂ ɸȶ Ɉ ɪɳ Ɉ ɍ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ LJ Ɂ ɽɆ ȶ ɽɃ ɫȲ ȼ ɪ� � � Ɍ ɒ ɮ Ɂ Ɋ Ȳ Ƀ ɍ ɽ ɑ Ɉ ƛ ɵ ɂ Ƃɳ Ʌ ɹ � ȴ ɬɳ Ƿ ƙ ȴ Ɇ ɽ

ɳ Ɉ ɍ ɳ Ɏ ǎ � ƙ ȴ Ɇ ɽƙ ȹ ȩȶ ɳ ƙ ƺ ɋ ɵ Ʌ Ƀ ɫȲ ȼ ɪȼ ɮ Ʌ ǂ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ � ɴ ȼ ɍ Ɋ ɩɅ Ǖ ȷ ɳ Ɍ Ȣ Ɇ Ǎ Ɇ ɽɣ ɋ ɔ ɑ ɽ LJ Ʌ ɳ dž ɹ ɳ ɓ ˊɋ ʆ

ទពរ២

� � � � � ɳ ɋ ˊȶ Ƶ Ɨ Ʌ ɑ ɩɃ Ƒɩɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊƙ Ƴ ɸȶ Nj ɑ � ɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊɡ Ȳ ǒ Ɍ � � ɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊɌ ɮ Ɇ Ɇ ȼ ɩNj Ɂ ɸȲ ɍ ɽ Ƀ ɭ Ȳ ƺ Ƀ ɪɳ Ƶ Ɍ Ɉ Ɇ ɮ ƺ � ɳ ɋ ˊȶ Ƶ Ɨ Ʌ ɑ ɩɃ ƑɩɌ ɸɟ Ȳ

ɂ ƛ ɪɵ ȼ � ɝ ɭɳ Ɍ Ȣ Ɇ Ǎ Ɇ ɽɅ ɮ Ɏ Ɏ ɪɌ NJ Ɉ Ɍ Ɇ ɑ ɽ ȼ ɮ Ʌ ǂ ȳ ƚɯ Ʌ � � ɑ ɮ Ɋ Ɠ ɪɴ Ɂ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ LJ Ʌ ɳ Ȳ ˊɁ Ʌ ɩȶ ǒ ƚ Ɇ ɽɳ Ƿ ɳ ɍ ˊɃ ɫȲ ȼ ɪȲ ɸɳ ɀ ˊ Ɂ Ɍ Ɇ ɑ ɽ ȳ ƚɯ Ʌ

Ȳ ʁɳ ƽ ɋ ȷ ɭ ɹ !

ə DŽ ɒ Ɍ ɀ ɿ Ɇ ɮ ȹ Ʌ ɪɋ ƽ Ɗ Ʌ Ɍ Ɇ ɑ ɽ Ɏ ɪɌ Ɇ ɭ Ɍ ɑ សង គយ� � Ɉ ɭ Ƀ ƑɆ Ɍ ɩɑ ʂ Ƀ ɴ ȳ ƗɌ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ Ǎ Ɇ ɽɌ ɋ � Ǎ Ɇ ɽlj Ʌ ɽɔ ȶ ƀɅ ɩȶ Ɍ ɮ Ɇ LJ Ʌ

dž ɸƵ ƒ � ɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊɈ ɩɄ ɪɆ ȶ ƞ ɭ Ȳ ɮ ɍ ɳ Ƿ Ƀ ɪɳ dž ɹ � ɴ Ɂ Ƶ Ɨ Ʌ ɔ ȶ ƀǁ ɝ ɭɅ Ɍ ǁ Nj ƒ Ȳ ɽ� Ƴ ƚ Ǔ Ʌ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ȳ Ⱥ Ɍ េឡង េហយ ƙ Ɇ Ƴ ɑ

ƙ LJ Ɇ ɽǃ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ ɳ ȴ DŽ ɸȶ ǔ ɋ Ȳ ɸɈ ɭ ȶ ɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊɔ ɪɳ dž ɹ ɳ Ƀ ?- � ȴ ɬɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊɳ ƽ ɋ ɳ ɑ Ƃȣ Ɋ ǒ Ƃ Ɂ ɽ� ǂ Ɋ ƙ Ɇ ɵ Ɉ ɀ ɪ ɵ Ʌ Ɉ ɭ Ƀ Ƒǒ ɑ dž ɴ Ɂ

Ɇ ɻɭ ɳ ǁ ƍ ɹ .... ɒ ˧ɫ ȶ ɳ ɒ ˊ ɋ ȴ ɬɃ ɭȲ ſɴ ȳ ˟Ɍ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ ។

Ȳ ʁɆ ɻɭ ɴ Ʌ Ǝ� � ɳ DŽ ɹ ƺ Nj Ʌ Ƴ Ɍ Ƶ Ɇ ɑ ȶ žɁ ɽ� Ƴ Ɍ ɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊɃ ɭ Ȳ ſɆ ɭ Ȳ ɳ Ɋ ƒȻ � ȼ ʁƳ ȷ ɽǒ Ǔ Ɏ � ɋ ȶ ɽȵ ƒȶ ɽ� ɵ ƙ Ɉ ɵ ɇ ƞ � � Ɉ ɪɑ ɸǁ Ȳ ɽ

Ǖ ǁ Ʌ ɩȴ Ɋ ɋ ɯ Ʌ nj ɻ ȶ ǁ Ȳ ʁɳ ƽ ɋ ȷ ɭ ɹ � Ȳ ʁȲ ɮ Ʌ ɳ ǩ Ɉ ɮ ȹ ȹ ɩɅ Ɏ ȶ ƞ � ɳ Ƿ ɴ Ɂ Nj Ʌ ɔ ƒȲ ɋ Ȳ ȹ ɪɎ ɩɁ � � � � ɳ ǵ Ɇ Ǝɮ Ɍ ɋ Ȳ ɑ ɩɃ Ƒɩ�

ɳ ɑ Ɍ ɪNJ Ɉ � ɳ ȼ ˊɊ Ɠ ɪɊ ɮ ɍ ɳ ɒ Ɂ ɭ ƺ Ɂ ɩ� ǒ ɑ dž � � Nj ǂ Ɇ ɩɁ ɭ ɉ ɮ Ɋ ɩ� Ȳ Ɋ ƕɭ ƺ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ � ȼ ʁɴ ɑ Ʌ ƙ ɑ ɳ ǁ ɹ Ɍ Ɇ ɑ ɽ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ Ɉ ɭ ɸɴ ȼ ɍ

ȳ Ȳ ƴ Ʌ ɽɳ ɓ ˊɋ ʆ

� � � � � Ɇ Ɉ ɩƙ Ɂ ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɳ Ɂ ȹ ȴ ɭ ɀ � � ɔ ɑ ɽ ɳ ǎ Ȳ � ɳ ǎ Ȳ ƙ ɑ ɪɅ ɩȶ Ɇ ȶ Ɇ ơɮ Ʌ Ɍ ɯ Ɋ ƺ Ɂ ɩ� � ƺ Ƀ ɪɳ Ƶ Ɍ Ɉ � Ǎ Ɇ ɽǕ Ʌ !

� � � � ɳ ɋ ˊȶ Nj Ʌ ə Ƴ ɑ ȼ ɮ ȷ ƺ ɵ ɂ Ƃɳ Ʌ ɹ � ɳ ƽ ɋ ǒ Ɍ ɴ Ɂ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ � LJ Ʌ Ɋ Ȳ Ɍ ɑ ɽ ɳ Ƿ ƙ Ɇ ɳ Ƀ ɑ ɳ ɑ Ɍ ɪ� � � � � ɳ Nj ɻƚ ɹ ɳ ɒ ˊɋ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ

ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ɴ Ɂ ƙ LJ Ɍ Ɉ Ƒ ɳ Ʉ ƛˊɈ ɩ Ʉ ɪɳ Ʌ ɹ � ɳ ȼ ˊɊ Ɠ ɪɌ ɸɟ Ȳ Ʌ ɮ Ɏ Ɏ ɪɌ NJ Ɉ � � Ʌ ɮ Ɏ ȴ ɭ ɀ ɮ Ɇ Ƴ Ɍ ɺ ɴ ȼ ɍ ɗ Ɂ ȴ ɀ dž Ɍ Ɇ ɑ ɽ ȼ ɮ Ʌ ǂ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ ʆ �

Ɂ ɳ ǵ ɳ Ʌ ɹ � ȳ Ƈɭ ɸƙ Ɉ ɹ Ȳ Ɍ ɭ ǁ � � ȳ Ƈɭ ɸLJ Ƀ � ɑ ɮ Ɋ ɔ Ʌ ɭ Ȧ ƈ Ɂ Ɍ ɸɟ Ȳ Ʌ ɮ Ɏ Ȳ ɩɁ Ǝ ɩdž Ɋ Ɍ Ɇ ɑ ɽ ȼ ɮ Ʌ ǂ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ � ɴ ȼ ɍ ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ Ǖ ǁ Ʌ ɩȴ Ɋ

ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊDŽ Ɍ ɭ ɀ Ƌ Ȳ Ɋ ƗȲ ƒɭ ȶ ȴ ɭ Ȳ Ɍ ɒ ɮ Ɂ ȼ ɍ ɽ ɑ ɭ ȴ Ɂ ɝ ɭǒ ƚ Ɇ ɽ� � ɝ ɭȲ ʁƙ Ɂ ȪɎ LJ Ȼ ɽ ƙ Ɇ Ǔ Ɍ ʆ ɍ Ʌ ɩȶ ɍ ʆ

សមយកពបែតអង(១៨១៣-១៨២០)ȹ ɸdž Ʌ ɽɋ ɯ Ʌ nj ɻ ɓ ɭ ȶ � LJ Ʌ Ƹ Ɇ ɽȼ ɮ Ʌ ǂ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ ȹ ɪȲ ɴ ƙ Ɉ Ȳ � ȹ ɸɅ ɪȲ ɴ ƙ Ɉ Ȳ ɴ Ɂ ȶ

( ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ Ȅ Ȳ ɩɅ ɋ ɩɅ ɳ Ɂ ) � ɳ ɒ ˊ ɋ Ƹ Ɇ ɽȼ ɮ Ʌ ǂ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ Ȳ Ɇ ƙ Ɂ ɫɊ Ȳ ɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊƺ Ɋ ɭ Ɋ ȷ Ȝ Ʒ žɅ ƽ ɸɴ Ɂ ɑ ɸǍ Ɇ ɽɳ ǎ Ȳ Ʉ ɸɈ ɯ Ȳ Ǐ ɇ ɫȲ ។

ɳ Ɉ ɍ ȹ ɪȲ ɴ ƙ Ɉ Ȳ Ɍ ɯ ȷ � � Ɉ ɯ Ȳ Ǐ Ƹ Ɇ ɽȼ ɮ Ʌ ǂ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ ȷ ȶ ƺ ƶ ƒ Ɇ ៗ(Ȳ ƒɭ ȶ ១ƶ ƒ Ɇ Njៗ Ʌ Ɉ ɪ១០ ɳ ǵ ២០ dž Ȳ ɽ) ɳ Ƿ LJ Ɂ ɴ ƙ Ɉ Ȳ �

Ɍ ɯ ȷ Ɉ ɯ Ȳ Ǐ ɳ Ɇ ˊȲ Ƀ ɫȲ ɑ Ɋ ɭ ƙ Ƀ ɣ ɋ ȷ ɮ ɍ � � ȼ ɮ Ʌ ǂ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ǒ ƚ Ɇ ɽǍ Ɇ ɽlj Ʌ ɽdž Ȳ ɽʆ ȹ ɸdž Ʌ ɽɋ ɯ Ʌ Ɋ ɩȻ Nj ɻ ȶ � � ə Ȳ Ƽ ɻ សង

គយ LJ Ʌ ɋ Ȳ ɑ ɩɌ ǒ Ɇ Ǝɮ Ɍ ɋ Ȳ Ƀ ɸɳ Ʌ Ȣ Ɋ Ƀ ɸǎ Ɇ ɽƙ Ɇ ɵ Ɉ នង Ɉ ɭ Ƀ Ƒǒ ɑ dž (ƹ ƒ ɸ១៨៤១) Ƀ ɭ Ȳ ɣ ɋ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ ɳ Ƶ Ɍ Ɉ � Ɇ ɮ ƺ

Ɍ ɒ ɮ Ɂ Ɋ Ȳ ɑ Ɉ ƛ ɵ ɂ Ƃɳ Ʌ ɹ ƹ ƒ ɸ២០១៣។

ទពរទ៣

ɳ Ƿ Ȳ ƒɭ ȶ ɑ Ȝ Ʒ ƀ Ɋ ɳ ǎ Ȳ ɳ ɍ ˊȲ Ƀ ɪ២(១៩៣៩-៤៥) ɋ ɭ Ƀ Ƒȹ Ʌ ȼ ɮ Ʌ ǂ Ɍ Ɇ ɑ ɽ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ � ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ LJ Ǎ ɸȶ Ƹ Ɇ ɽɋ Ȳ ɳ ǵ ȷ Ǚ ɸȶ Ʌ ɫȶ

Ǖ ɍ ƚɪɊ ɻȶ Ǎ Ɇ ɽlj Ʌ ɽdž Ȳ ɽ� ɴ Ɂ Ɋ ɩɅ ɳ ȵ ˊȻ ƙ Ɂ ɓ Ɇ ɽɊ Ȳ ƙ ɑ ȩȲ Ɏ ɩȻ ɳ Ƀ ʆ � � ɳ Ƿ ȷ ɭ ȶ ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៤៥ Ʌ ɩȶ ɳ ȼ ˊɊ ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៤៦ ɳ Ƿ

ɳ ȳ Ɂ Ǝƶ ƚ ɸȶ (ɑ ɭ Ȳ ƙ DŽ ɸȶ ) � Ɉ ɍ ǎ Ɏ ( LJ កលវ) Ʌ ɩȶ Ƀ ɫȲ ɳ ǥ Ɨ (Ƴ ɳ Ǽ ɻ ) ȼ ɮ Ʌ ǂ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ � ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ ɋ Ȣ Ȳ Ɋ ɩȻ Ƹ Ɇ ɽƽ Ȳ ɽ

Ȳ ƒɭ ȶ ȹ ƙ ȶ ȩȲ ƙ ɑ ȪɎ DŽ ɸȶ ៩Ȳ ɴ Ʌ ƚȶ � ɳ ɒ ˊ ɋ Ƹ Ȳ ɽǒ ɸȶ ȼ ɭ Ɂ DŽ ɸȶ Ɍ ɑ ɽ � ǒ ƚ Ɇ ɽɔ ɑ ɽ Ǎ Ɇ ɽlj Ʌ ɽdž Ȳ ɽʆ �

ɳ Ƿ ɳ ȳ Ɂ Ǝƙ Ɉ ɹ ƙ Ɂ lj ɸȶ ( ƙ ǂ Ɏ ɩȻ ) ȼ ɮ Ʌ ǂ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ � ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ ɋ Ȣ Ȳ Ɋ ɩȻ Ƹ Ɇ ɽȷ ȶ ǒ ƚ Ɇ ɳ ɑ Ȳ ɳ ɒ ˊ ɋ ɑ ɳ ǁ Ǝ ȶ ɂ ƗLJ ɋ

ɳ ƙ Ȳ ȣ Ɋ � Ɍ ɯ ȷ ƙ Ƹ Ʌ Ƀ Nj ƚ Ȳ ɽɴ ƙ Ɉ Ȳ Ȳ ɸɈ ȶ ɽȳ Ɛɫȶ � � ǒ ƚ Ɇ ɽɔ ɑ ɽ Ǎ Ɇ ɽlj Ʌ ɽdž Ȳ ɽ។

ɵ ɂ Ƃ៤ Ɋ ɩɂ ɭ dž ១៩៤៩ ƺ Ƀ ɩǏ Ǖ ǁ Ʌ ɩȴ Ɋ LJ Ǎ ɸȶ ɴ Ɏ Ʌ ɑ ȶ ɽɔ ɮ Ɍ ɩɳ nj ɻ ɍ ʀ (Vincent Auriol) LJ Ʌ ƙ Ɇ ȴ ɍ ɽ Ƀ ɫȲ ȼ ɪ

Ȳ ɮ ǒ ɸȶ ɑ ɭ ɪɅ ( Ȳ Ɋ ƕɭ ƺ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ )ឱយ ɋ ɯ Ʌ LJ Ɏ ƽ ɋ (Bao Đa i) ȴ ɬɳ Ƿ Ȳ ƒɭ ȶ Ɍ ȹ ƅƳ ɍ ɑ ɳ Ɋ Ǝȷ ɑ ɪɒ Ʌ ɭ(១៩៤១-១៩៦៩)

� ɑ Ɋ ʂɋ Ɍ ȼ ƊƳ ɍ ɳ Ʒ ɻ � ȼ ɩɅ ɋ ɪɊ (១៩៥៥-១៩៦៣)

� ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៦០ ƙ Ɉ ɹ េតជគណ ƙ Ɂ ɫȶ � ƶ Ʌ ɳ Ƿ Ɏ Ɂ Ǝƶ ƚ ɸȶ ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ ɑ Ɍ ɪLJ Ȼ ɽ ƙ Ɇ Ǔ Ɍ ។ ɳ ǎ Ȳ ǃ ȷ ɽ

តន ƙ Ɇ Dž Ʌ ȷ ɍ dž ɴ ȳ ƗɌ ɳ ɑ Ɍ ɪ� ɳ ȳ Ɂ Ǝƙ Ɉ ɹ ƙ Ɂ lj ɸȶ ɳ ǎ Ȳ ɓ ɫɊ � ɍ ɪɅ ɩȶ ƙ ȴ ȫǒ Ɍ ƙ Ɇ Dž Ʌ ȷ ɍ dž ɴ ȳ ƗɌ ɳ ɑ Ɍ ɪ� � � �

ɳ ȳ Ɂ ƎɈ ɍ ǎ Ɏ � � ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ ɋ Ȣ Ȳ Ȳ ɭ ȶ ɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊƶ Ɂ ។ ɳ ǎ Ȳ ǃ ȷ ɽ� ǒ Ɇ ɼɭ Ɂ � ǒ Ȝ ǒ Ǝ Ƹ Ɍ Ƙ ɔ Ʌ ɭ Ɏ ɩɃ ǚ ɍ ʂ ɋ � Ɍ ɑ Ɨɪ

ȷ Ɍ ɩnj � ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ ɑ Ɍ ɪɑ Nj ƚ ប។

� � � � � � ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៦៣ ƙ Ɉ ɹ ƙ ȴ Ȫɑ ɬȶ � Ɏ ɻȶ ɽ� � LJ ǔ Ɂ ȴ ɀ ɳ ȳ Ɂ Ǝƙ Ɉ ɹ ƙ Ɂ lj ɸȶ ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊȴ Ɂ ɽɳ Ƿ ɳ ȳ Ɂ ƎɃ ɫȲ ɳ ǥ Ɨ ʆ �

ɑ Ɋ ʂɋ ɋ ɯɅ ɳ ȶ ƛȣ ȶ � Ǐ ɻɅ ɽ� ɳ Ʉ Ɏ (១៩៦៧-១៩៧៥)

ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៦៩ ƙ Ɉ ɫɁ Ǝ ɩƳ Ɍ ɀ ɿ ១៣ Ɏ ɩȷ Ƅ ɩƳ � ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɑ ȶ Ɓ ɴ ȳ ƗɌ � ɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊLJ Ɂ ɭ Ȳ Ɋ ƗDŽ Ɋ DŽ Ɍ dž Ƀ ɪƺ ȹ Ʌ NJ ȴ Ɂ ɩȷ ។

ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɳ Ɋ ȴ ɀ ɳ ȳ Ɂ Ǝɴ ƙ Ɉ Ȳ ɝ ɑ ƞ ɪ(កងេថ) ǃ ȷ ɽ� Ǐ ɻɅ ɽɅ ɪ ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊȴ Ɂ ɽɳ Ƿ Ƀ ɍ ɽ ɴ ȼ Ʌ ɴ ȳ ƗɌ -យន។

ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៧០ ƙ Ɉ ɫɁ Ǝ ɩƳ Ɍ ណ១៨Ɋ ɩdž � ɋ ɭ Ƀ Ƒȹ Ʌ � ɋ ɭ Ƀ Ƒdž Ɍ ɪɴ ȳ ƗɌ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ Ɇ ɪɊ ɭ ɬɅ dž Ȳ ɽ LJ Ʌ Ɋ Ȳ ƙ ɑ ȩȲ ɴ ȳ ƗɌ � ȹ ɯ ɋ Ǐ ɋ

ɋ ɯ Ʌ Ǔ ɀ ɮ ɋ Ʌ ɩ ȶ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ ɋ Ȣ Ȳ Ȳ ɭ ȶ ʆ � ɳ Ƿ Ƀ ɪɆ ȥ ƃ Ɇ ɽ� Ɇ ȶ Ɇ ơɮ Ʌ ɵ Ɋ ɻɒ ƛȲ ɽ Ɍ ɯ Ɋ DŽ ɸȶ ƙ Ɇ Ɉ Ʌ ƑȲ ɮ Ʌ ɇ ȶ � LJ Ʌ Ɇ ɮ ƺ

ជɎ ɩɁ ɳ Ƿ ɑ Ɋ Ɍ ɉ ɮ Ɋ ɩȲ Ɋ ƕɭ ƺ ៥Ɋ ɭ ɬɅ dž Ȳ ɽ។ Ȳ ʁɆ ɻɭ ɴ Ʌ Ǝ� Ɋ Ȳ Ƀ ɍ ɽ ƹ ƒ ɸ២០១៣េនះ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ ȳ Ƈɭ ɸ� ƺ Ȳ ɮ Ʌ ɳ ǩ Ɋ ɩនែដល

ឭ� � ɝ ɭȲ ʁLJ Ʌ ȹ ɯ Ɇ ƙ Ɇ Ƀ ɹ � � ɴ ȳ ƗɌ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ ɳ Ƿ Ɇ Ɍ ɳ Ƀ ɑ � � Ȳ ʁ ȼ ɮ ȷ ƺ ɳ Ƿ ƙ ɑ ȩȲ ɴ ȳ ƗɌ � ɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊɆ ɭ ɀ Ƙ Ɍ ɸɟ Ȳ ȴ ɭ ɀ � Ɋ Ǝȶ ǁ

េឡយ។� ɳ ɍ ˊȲ ɴ ɍ ȶ ɴ Ɂ ɳ ȷ Ɂ ɩɋ ɴ ȳ ƗɌ ɳ ɑ Ɍ ɪ� ɴ ȼ ɍ LJ Ʌ Ȳ ǒ ȶ ɳ Ƿ Ɏ Ɂ Ǝȷ Ʌ ƐɌ ȶ ƞ ɪ ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៦៥ មយɆ ɻɭ ɳ ǁ ƍ ɹ ʆ

ទពរ ទ៤

ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៧៣ Ɋ Ǔ សȶ � ǃ Ʌ ɳ Ƿ ɳ ȳ Ɂ ƎɈ ɍ ǎ Ɏ � � ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ ɑ Ɍ ɪLJ Ȼ ɽ ƙ Ɇ Ǔ Ɍ � ɵ ɂ Ƃ៣ ɳ Ɋ ǒ � Ɍ ɯ Ɋ DŽ ɸȶ

ɳ ǎ Ȳ ល ə Ɂ ƎɊ � ƺ ɔ ƒȲ ɳ Ɇ ˊȲ Ɇ Ɍ ȹ ɮ Ʌ ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɔ ȶ ƀɇ ȶ ɴ ȼ Ɍ ʆ

ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៧៤ ȴ ɬƙ Ɉ ɫɁ Ǝ ɩƳ Ɍ ɀ ɿ ១០ Ɋ ɩɂ ɭ dž � ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɑ ȶ Ɓ ɳ Ƿ ɳ ȳ Ɂ Ǝƙ Ȳ Ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɑ Ǎ Ɇ ɽlj Ʌ ɽɔ ȶ ƀLJ Ʌ ɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊLJ Ɂ ɭ Ȳ Ɋ ƗDŽ Ɋ

DŽ Ɍ ɣ ɋ ɳ ƽ ɹ ɴ ɍ ȶ ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɑ ȶ Ɓ ɴ ȼ ɍ ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ Ƹ Ɇ ɽɇ ƞ ɫȲ ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ ɑ Ɍ ɪLJ Ȼ ɽ ƙ Ɇ Ǔ Ɍ សគតអស ៤ɔ ȶ ƀȴ ɬƙ Ɉ ɹ

ɉ ɩȲ ſɭយញ ហយ -យញ ហម -យញ តបនង-ឡម ហង។ə Ȳ Ƽ ɻឡម ឯមLJ Ʌ ɔ Ʌ ɩȷ ƃȲ Ɋ Ɨƹ ƒ ɸɳ Ʌ ɹ ɴ ȼ Ɍ ʆ

ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៧៥ ƙ Ɉ ɫɁ Ǝ ɩƳ Ɍ ɀ ɿ ២៨Ȳ ɭ Ɋ Ɩɺ � � ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɑ ȶ Ɓ ɳ Ƿ ɳ ȳ Ɂ Ǝƙ Ɉ ɹ ƙ Ɂ lj ɸȶ � � Ǎ Ɇ ɽlj Ʌ ɽɔ ȶ ƀ� � � � ɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊLJ Ɂ ɭ Ȳ Ɋ Ɨ

DŽ Ɋ DŽ Ɍ ɣ ɋ ɳ ƽ ɹ ɴ ɍ ȶ � � � � ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɑ ȶ Ɓ ɴ ȼ ɍ ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ Ƹ Ɇ ɽɇ ƞ ɫȲ � ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ ɑ Ɍ ɪLJ Ȼ ɽ ƙ Ɇ Ǔ Ɍ � សគតអស ប

ɔ ȶ ƀȴ ɬ ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɉ ɩȲ ſɭ ɳ ɋ ȟ ȶ � ɑ ɭ ȳ � -ȴ ɫɊ � ɑ ɼɭ ˗ Ʌ ɩȶ ǒ Ɋ ɳ ɀ Ɍ ȴ ɫɊ � ɑ ɸǁ ȶ ʆ

ƙ Ɉ ɫɁ Ǝ ɩƳ Ɍ ɀ ɿ ៣០ Ɋ ɩɂ ɭ dž ɳ Ƿ Ɉ ɍ ǎ Ɏ � ɴ ȳ ƗɌ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ Ɇ ɹ ɳ LJ Ɍ ƙ Ɇ ƹ ɸȶ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ ɋ Ȣ Ȳ Ȳ ɭ ȶ Ɉ ɭ ɸDŽ Ʌ ɽNj Ʌ ɔ ƒȲ

Ȳ Ɂ ɽƙ ǂ ɳ Ƿ ɳ ɓ ˊɋ ʆ � � ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɳ Ɋ ȴ ɀ � ជ មង� ɳ ȳ Ɂ ƎNj Ɂ ɽ� ƙ ȹ ȪȲ � LJ Ʌ ɑ ɭ ȴ Ɂ ɽ� ƹ ƒ ɸɳ Ʌ ɹ ɴ ȼ Ɍ ʆ

ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៧៦ � � � � ƙ Ɉ ɫɁ Ǝ ɩƳ Ɍ ១៥ə ɑ NJ ɴ ȳ ƗɌ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ ɳ Ƿ ɳ ȳ Ɂ Ǝƙ Ȳ Ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɑ Ɇ ɹ ɳ LJ Ɍ ƙ Ɇ ƹ ɸȶ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ ɋ Ȣ Ȳ Ȳ ɭ ȶ � ƙ Ɉ ɹ

ɑ ȶ Ɓ � Ʌ ɩȶ ɋ ɭ Ƀ Ƒȹ Ʌ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɑ Nj ƚ Ɇ ɽ� ȼ ɮ ȷ ɳ ǩ ɔ Ʉ ɩƳ Ɍ Ɏ Ɂ Ǝƙ ȹ ȩȶ យញ មក -Ɏ Ɂ Ǝȼ ɪɳ ɍ ˊ ɳ ǩ ƙ ǂ ȶ

-Ɏ Ɂ Ǝɴ ƙ ɑ ɳ ɑ Ȣ Ɋ ɂ Ɨ ɪ យញ យញ ɋ ɭ Ƀ Ƒȹ Ʌ យញ ដក -យញ� � ƴ Ʌ ɽ Ǖ Ƹ Ɍ Ƙ ɳ ɔ Ȣ ȶ Ʌ ɩȶ ƙ Ɉ ɹ ƙ ȴ Ȫយញ ែក

ƙ Ɉ ɫɁ Ǝ ɩƳ Ɍ ɀ ɿ ៩Ɋ ɩdž � ɳ Ƿ � ɳ ȳ Ɂ Ǝƶ ƚ ɸȶ � ɴ ȳ ƗɌ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ Ɇ ɹ ɳ LJ Ɍ ƙ Ɇ ƹ ɸȶ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ ɋ Ȣ Ȳ Ȳ ɭ ȶ ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɉ ɩȲ ſɭសង សខ

ƙ Ɉ ɹ ƙ ȴ Ȫǃ ȷ ɽ គង� ɳ ǎ Ȳ ƙ Ɂ ɫȶ ƽ ɋ ឌក� � ɳ ǎ Ȳ ƙ ǂ ɳ ɔ ȟ Ȳ � Ȳ Ȧ ƈ � ǃ ȷ ɽ� � ɑ ɭ Ʌ ɪ ʆ ɍ ʆ � � � ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ɋ ɯ Ʌ Ƹ Ɇ ɽ

ƽ Ȳ ɽȴ ɭ Ȳ Ʉ ɸȲ ɫȶ � ɳ ɂ ˊ� � � ɳ ɒ ˊ ɋ ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊDŽ Ɍ ɭ ɀ Ƌ Ȳ Ɋ Ɨnj ɻ ȶ ɳ Ɏ Ƀ dž � � ɳ ƙ Ƴ ɋ Ɋ Ȳ Ȳ ʁƙ Ɂ ȪɎ សគត នងǒ ƚ Ɇ ɽ។ រ

ɡ ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɳ Ɋ ȴ ɀ � ǃ ȷ ɽ� ɳ Ɉ ȷ ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ ɋ Ȣ Ȳ Ȳ ɭ ȶ � Ɇ ȥ ƅɮ Ʌ ɣ ɋ ɴ ȳ ƗɌ ƙ Ȳ ɒ Ɋ ɑ Nj ƚ Ɇ ɽ� � � ɳ Ƿ ȴ ɭ Ȳ Ƀ ɯ ɍ ɴ ɑ ƚȶ ʆ

ƙ Ɉ ɫɁ Ǝ ɩƳ Ɍ ɀ ɿ ១៦ Ɏ ɩȷ Ƅ ɩƳ � ɳ Ƿ ɑ Ɋ Ɍ ɉ ɮ Ɋ ɩȲ ɳ Ȧ ƃ ȶ ɳ ǎ Ȳ � ǃ ȷ ɽ� ɉ ɪ� � -Nj ɸ-Nj ɸȶ � � ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɔ Ʌ ɭ ȴ ɀ គម ភន

ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɳ ǩ ɔ Ʉ ɩƳ Ɍ ǃ ȷ ɽ ស Ʌ ɩȶ ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɔ Ʌ ɭ ȴ ɀ Ȳ ɸɈ ȶ ɽ ǒ ƕ ន យម រង។ល។ ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɑ Nj ƚ Ɇ ɽʆ ɳ Ƿ ɑ Ɋ Ɍ

ɉ ɮ Ɋ ɩɂ žɮ Ɏ Ȳ ʁƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɑ Nj ƚ Ɇ ɽ Ɋ ɩɅ Ɂ ɩȷ ɴ ȼ Ɍ ។ េមគណ ǃ ȷ ɽ Ǎ ȹ Ȳ ʁƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊDŽ Ɍ ɭ ɀ Ƌ Ȳ Ɋ Ɨរហតដលសគត។

ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៧៧ Ɇ ɀ Ƌ ɩ Ɂ សង ȶ ɻɭ Ȳ ǃ Ȼ ɽអតត� ƙ Ɇ Ɋ ɭ ȳ ȷ ɍ dž ɴ ȳ ƗɌ ɳ ɑ Ɍ ɪ� � ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ ɋ Ȣ Ȳ Ȳ ɭ ȶ ɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊDŽ Ɍ ɭ ɀ Ƌ Ȳ Ɋ Ɨ

ǒ ƚ Ɇ ɽɳ Ƿ ȴ ɭ Ȳ ȹ ɪǏ ɻ នងɳ ǎ Ȳ សង ǃ ɋ ɳ ȶ ƛȣ ȶ ɳ Ƿ Ȳ ƒɭ ȶ ȴ ɭ Ȳ ɳ ȳ Ɂ Ǝƶ ƚ ɸȶ ʆ

ទពរទ៥

ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៧៩ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɑ ȶ ǖ ធបត ǃ ȷ ɽ� ɳ Ʒ ɑ � ɳ Ȅ ɴ Ȳ Ɏ ɴ ɑ ƗɌ � ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ សគតʆ � ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៨០ ɋ ɭ Ƀ Ƒȹ Ʌ ǃ ȷ ɽ� ȴ ɩɅ

ǃ ȷ ɽ� ɳ Ⱦ Ȣ Ȳ នង គម រ � ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ � Ǖ ǁ Ʌ ɩȴ Ɋ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ ȳ Ɂ Ǝƙ ǂ ɋ ɩȻ � ɔ Ʌ ɭ Ɏ Ɂ Ǝɳ DŽ ɑ � LJ Ȼ ɽ ƙ Ɇ Ǔ Ɍ ȹ ɪɎ ɩɁ ɳ Ƿ

ƴ ȶ ɍ ɩȷ Ɏ Ɂ Ǝɳ ȵ ȟ Ʌ ȴ ɬɴ Ȳ Ɠ Ɍ Ǖ Ƴ ɑ nj Ʌ ƽ Ɗ Ʌ ɉ ɮ ɋ ɩȻ ɳ Ƿ ɵ ɂ Ƃ៣០ ɳ Ɋ ǒ ʆ

ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៨៣ ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɳ Ɋ ȴ ɀ ɳ ȳ Ɂ ƎNj Ɂ ɽ� ƙ ȹ ȪȲ � យញ បនƙ Ɂ ȪɎ � ɑ ɭ ȴ Ɂ ɽʆ

ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៨៥ȴ ɬƙ Ɉ ɫɁ Ǝ ɩƳ Ɍ ɀ ɿ ១Ȳ ɭ Ɋ Ɩɺ ɝ ɭȲ Ɍ ɀ ɪ Ƴ ɳ ɑ Ǔ ɑ ɩɆ ɳ Ƿ ɳ ȳ Ɂ Ǝƙ Ɉ ɹ ƙ Ɂ lj ɸȶ (ƙ ǂ ɋ ɩɅ )យន ɳ ɋ Ȣ Ȳ

កȶ LJ Ʌ Ɋ ɯ ɍ Ɇ Ʒ žȷ Ɉ ɭ Ƀ Ƒǒ ɑ dž ɴ ȳ ƗɌ ɳ ɋ ងƺ Ǖ ɴ ȼ ȶ ɳ Ȅ ǃ ‹Mă t Trân Đoan Kêt Giai Phong Dân Tô c

Khmer Krom› Ɍ ɀ ɑ ɩɌ ƞ ǒ Ɋ ȴ ƀ ɪɌ ɸɳ ƽ ɹ ɴ ȳ ƗɌ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ � Ɍ ɯ ȷ Ƹ Ɇ ɽƙ Ɉ ɹ ɑ ȶ Ɓ ɇ ƞ ɫȲ nj ɻ ȶ ɵ ƙ Ɉ ɵ ɇ ƞ អស១៥២ɔ ȶ ƀ

ɇ ƞ Ȳ (ƙ ȴ ɒ ɑ Ə)៤២៣របយកƽ Ȳ ɽគក។ ɳ Ƿ ɳ Ɉ ɍ ɑ ɯ Ɍ ȷ ɳ Ɋ ƚ ˊɋ Ʌ ɩȶ ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ DŽ Ɍ ɭ ɀ Ƌ Ȳ Ɋ Ɨɳ dž ɹ � ȼ ɮ Ʌ ǂ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ

LJ Ʌ ɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊɔ Ɂ Ǝƶ Ɂ ៤dž Ȳ ɽ Ʌ ɩȶ ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ǒ ƚ បអស១៤ Ɍ ɮ Ɇ ɳ Ƀ Ȣ Ɂ � ɳ Ƿ ɳ Ɉ ɍ Ɇ ȥ ƅɮ Ʌ ɳ ǵ Ɋ Ʌ ƐɪɌ ɳ Ɉ Ƀ Ƙ ɝ ɭȲ ʁ Ɋ Ȳ ɇ Ɛɹ ʆ

(ǣ < S $ dz > ៃន3]ǯ ǔ >£8Ǜ + 7$ h: ? �>8C mǶ Ǣ 7Y&< = _7 ) ]i e4�5Z១៣ $ ǽ Ǔ�១៩៩០)

ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៨៦ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɳ Ɋ ȴ ɀ � គម តកេចង ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ ɋ Ȣ Ȳ Ȳ ɭ ȶ � ɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊȴ Ɂ ɽȲ ƒɭ ȶ ȴ ɭ Ȳ ។ ƙ Ɉ ɹ dž ɋ Ȳ ȴ ɫɊ � ǒ ȶ

LJ Ʌ ɑ ɭ ȴ Ɂ ɽɳ Ƿ ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៨៧ ។ ƙ Ɉ ɹ dž ɋ Ȳ Ɍ ȶ ǃ ȷ ɽ ɳ NJ ȴ ɳ ȳ Ɂ Ǝɍ ȶ ɽɳ Ǔ � � ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ ɋ Ȣ Ȳ Ȳ ɭ ȶ � ɳ Ʉ ƛគត

Ȳ ƒɭ ȶ ȴ ɭ Ȳ ɳ Ƿ ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៨៧។ ɳ ǎ Ȳ ǃ ȷ ɽ� ɑ ɼɭ ˗ � ƙ Ɇ Dž Ʌ ɑ Nj ȴ Ɋ ɴ ȳ ƗɌ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ ɵ Ʌ Ɍ ȼ ƊƳ ɍ ɪɒ ƛɳ Ʌ Ȣ � � � LJ Ʌ Ƀ Ƀ ɯ ɍ

Ɋ Ɍ ɀ NJ Ɉ ɳ Ƿ ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៨៨។ ɳ ǎ Ȳ ǃ ȷ ɽ� � ɳ ɂ ˊɊ � ƙ Ɇ Dž Ʌ ɑ Nj ȴ Ɋ ɴ ȳ ƗɌ Ȳ Ɋ ƕɭ ƺ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ � � ɑ ɒ Ɍ ȼ ƊǕ ɳ Ɋ Ɍ ɩȲ

LJ Ʌ ɔ Ʌ ɩȷ ƃȲ Ɋ Ɨɳ Ƿ ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៩១ʆ � ɳ ǎ Ȳ ɓ ɫɊ � Nj ɻ ɋ ƙ Ɇ Dž Ʌ ɑ Nj ȴ Ɋ ɴ ȳ ƗɌ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ ɵ Ʌ Ɍ ȼ Ɗɴ Ɇ ɻɅ ɑ ɭ ɪɎ ɩɳ Ʌ Ȣ LJ Ʌ

Ƀ Ƀ ɯ ɍ Ɋ Ɍ ɀ NJ Ɉ ɳ Ƿ ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៩៦ʆ ɳ ǎ Ȳ Ƹ Ʌ ɽ សសរ ƙ Ɇ Dž Ʌ ɑ Nj ȴ Ɋ ɴ ȳ ƗɌ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ ɵ Ʌ Ɍ ȼ ƊƳ ɍ ɪɒ ƛɳ Ʌ Ȣ

� � � � � � � � � LJ Ʌ ɔ Ʌ ɩȷ ƃȲ Ɋ Ɨɳ Ƿ ƹ ƒ ɸ១៩៩៩ʆ ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɳ Ɋ ȴ ɀ � ǃ ȷ ɽ� ɑ ɩɌ ɪ ɔ Ʌ ɩȷ ƃɄ Ɋ Ɨɳ Ƿ ƹ ƒ ɸ២០០២ʆ � � � ɳ ǎ Ȳ � ɳ Ȳ Ȣ ȶ � ɑ ɮ Ȳ

ɔ Ɂ ɪɁ Ɂ ɸǁ ȶ Ǎ Ȝ ɑ Ǝɴ ȳ ƗɌ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ � Ƀ Ƀ ɯ ɍ Ɋ Ɍ ɀ NJ Ɉ ɳ Ƿ ƹ ƒ ɸ២០០៥។ ƙ Ɉ ɹ ƙ ȴ Ȫǃ ȷ ɽ� ȴ ɮ ȶ � Ɏ Ɂ Ǝɴ ƙ Ɉ Ȳ � គយ

ɳ Ɋ Ɇ ɹ ɳ LJ Ɍ Ȳ ƒɭ ȶ ƙ Ɉ ɫɁ Ǝ ɩƳ Ɍ ɀ ɿ ៩Ɋ ɩdž ១៩៧៦ɳ Ƿ ɳ ȳ Ɂ Ǝƶ ƚ ɸȶ � LJ Ʌ ɔ Ʌ ɩȷ ƃɄ Ɋ Ɨɳ Ƿ ƹ ƒ ɸ២០០៦ʆ � ƹ ƒ ɸ២០០៧

ɔ ƒȲ ƙ ɑ ɪគម ធអយ(nj ɋ ɳ Ƀ Ȣ ȶ )ƺ Nj ƃ ɑ ɽ Ɏ ɀ ƍ Ȳ Ɋ Ɨ‹ɔ ȶ ƀƳ Ɍ ƺ Ʌ Ɍ ǁ ›Ƀ Ƀ ɯ ɍ Ɋ Ɍ ɀ NJ Ɉ ɳ Ƿ ƙ ɑ ȩȲ

ƙ LJ ɸȶ ʆ ɳ ǎ Ȳ សង ទន ɔ Ɂ ɪɁ ƙ Ɇ Dž Ʌ ƙ Ɇ Ɂ ɩɆ Ɂ Ǝ ɩɵ Ʌ ɑ ɒ Ɉ ʂɅ Ƒɴ ȳ ƗɌ Ȳ Ɋ ƕɭ ƺ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ Ɉ ɩɉ Ɉ ɳ ǎ Ȳ � LJ Ʌ ɔ Ʌ ɩ ȷ ƃ

Ȳ Ɋ Ɨɳ Ƿ ƙ ɑ ȩȲ Ǖ េមរក ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɉ ɩȲ ſɭ � Ǖ ɼ ȶ � ɑ ɭ ȳ ɳ Ʉ ȟ Ʌ � ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ɋ ɯ Ʌ ɳ Ʉ ƛ ˊȴ Ɂ ɽɳ Ƿ Ɏ Ɂ Ǝƙ Ƀ Ʌ ɭ ɸƙ ȹ ɬȶ � ƙ ɑ ȩȲ ɴ ȳ ƗɌ ʆ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

ទពរទ៦

ƹ ƒ ɸ២០០៨ ƙ Ɉ ɹ ƙ ȴ Ȫǃ ȷ ɽ� ɑ ɯ Ʌ � ɔ Ɂ ɪɁ ɳ ǩ ɔ Ʉ ɩƳ Ɍ Ɏ Ɂ ƎȲ Ɋ ƕɭ ƺ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ � Ɍ ȼ ƊɎ ɪȹ ɪɳ Ʌ Ȣ � ɑ ɒ Ɍ ȼ ƊǕ ɳ Ɋ Ɍ ɩȲ Ʌ ɩȶ ƺ

អតតɑ ȶ Ɓ dž ɋ Ȳ ɵ Ʌ ɑ ɒ ȴ Ɋ Ʌ ɿƙ Ɉ ɹ ɑ ȶ Ɓ ɴ ȳ ƗɌ Ȳ Ɋ ƕɭ ƺ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ Ɉ ɩɉ Ɉ ɳ ǎ Ȳ � LJ Ʌ ɔ Ʌ ɩȷ ƃɄ Ɋ Ɨʆ � � ɳ Ƿ ƹ ƒ ɸ

២០០៩ƙ Ɉ ɹ ƙ ȴ Ȫɳ Ʒ ɻ សវɔ Ɂ ɪɁ ɳ Ɋ ȴ ɀ ɳ ȳ Ɂ Ǝƙ Ɉ ɹ ƙ Ɂ lj ɸȶ LJ Ʌ ɔ Ʌ ɩȷ ƃɄ Ɋ Ɨʆ � ƹ ƒ ɸ២០១០ ɳ ǎ Ȳ សង យយ

ɔ Ɂ ɪɁ ƙ Ɇ Dž Ʌ ǒ ƴ ɑ ɒ Ɉ ʂɅ Ƒɴ ȳ ƗɌ Ȳ Ɋ ƕɭ ƺ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ Ɉ ɩɉ Ɉ ɳ ǎ Ȳ ƙ Ɇ Ƹ ɸɌ ȼ ƊɅ ɪ Ɏ ɳ ȹ ˊɑ ɭ ɪ� Ʌ ɩȶ ƺ ɔ Ɂ ɪɁ ɑ Nj ȹ ɩȲ

ǒ Ə Ɇ Ʌ ɩȲ ɵ Ʌ Ɏ ɩɃ Ƙ ɭ ɑ ɸɳ ɓ ȶ Ȳ Ɋ ƕɭ ƺ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ � LJ Ʌ ɔ Ʌ ɩȷ ƃȲ Ɋ Ɨʆ � ƙ Ɉ ɹ Ɋ Ǔ ɳ ɋ ȟ ȶ � ɑ ɩɅ � � ɔ Ɂ ɪɁ ɳ ǩ ɔ Ʉ ɩƳ Ɍ Ɏ Ɂ Ǝ

ǒ Ɋ ȴ ƀ ɪɌ ȶ ƞ ɪɅ ɩȶ ƺ ɔ Ɂ ɪɁ ƙ Ɇ Dž Ʌ ɑ Nj ȴ Ɋ ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɑ ȶ Ɓ ɴ ȳ ƗɌ Ȳ Ɋ ƕɭ ƺ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ ƙ Ɇ Ƹ ɸǍ ƺ ǁ ȷ ƙ Ȳ Ȳ Ɋ ƕɭ ƺ LJ Ʌ

Ƀ Ƀ ɯ ɍ ɔ Ʌ ɩȷ ƃɄ Ɋ Ɨʆ ƹ ƒ ɸ២០១២ ɳ ǎ Ȳ ƙ Ɂ ɫȶ � ǒ Ǐ ɻɁ ɽ� ɔ Ɂ ɪɁ ɑ Ȳ Ɋ Ɨȹ Ʌ ɴ ȳ ƗɌ ɳ ɑ Ɍ ɪ� � � Ʌ ɩȶ ƺ ɔ Ɂ ɪɁ ɑ Nj ȹ ɩȲ

Ɋ Ǔ ɑ Ʌ ƒɩLJ Ɂ ɑ Ȳ ɍ ɳ ɍ ˊȲ Ƀ ɪ១ɵ Ʌ ɴ ȳ ƗɌ Ȳ Ɋ ƕɭ ƺ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ � � ɳ Ƿ Ɇ ɮ Ɍ ɪɅ ɪ Ɏ ɋ ɻȲ ɑ .រ. Ǖ . LJ Ʌ Ƀ Ƀ ɯ ɍ Ɋ Ɍ ɀ NJ Ɉ

ɳ Ƿ ɳ ȳ Ɂ ƎɈ ɍ ǎ Ɏ � Ȳ Ɋ ƕɭ ƺ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ ʆ (ɳ Ƿ Nj Ʌ Ɂ ɳ ǵ ɳ Ƀ Ȣ Ɂ )។

Ɇ Ɉ ɩƙ Ɂ ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɳ Ɂ ȹ ȴ ɭ ɀ � ɔ ɑ ɽ ɳ ǎ Ȳ � ɔ ƒȲ � dž ȶ DŽ ɸȶ ǔ ɋ � ƺ Ƀ ɪɳ Ƶ Ɍ Ɉ � ƙ ɑ ǔ Ȼ ɽ !

ɳ ǎ Ȳ ǃ ȷ ɽ� Ƹ Ʌ ɽ� ɔ Ɂ ɪɁ ƙ Ɇ Dž Ʌ ɑ NJ ƙ Ɉ ɫDŽ Ƒ Ƹ Ɍ Ƙ ɵ Ʌ ɑ ɒ Ɉ ʂɅ Ƒɴ ȳ ƗɌ Ȳ Ɋ ƕɭ ƺ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ Ɉ ɩɉ Ɉ ɳ ǎ Ȳ � LJ Ʌ

Nj Ʌ ƙ Ɇ ǒ ɑ Ʌ ɿǃ ‹Ȳ ƒɭ ȶ ɑ Ȝ Ʒ ƀ Ɋ ៤៩ ƹ ƒ ɸ� Ʌ ɩȶ Ȳ ƒɭ ȶ Ƴ Ɍ DŽ Ɋ DŽ Ɍ ɑ ɩɃ Ƒɩɳ ɑ Ɍ ɪNJ Ɉ � � � ɴ ȳ ƗɌ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ ƙ Ɂ ȪɎ ǒ ƚ Ɇ ɽ

nj ɻ ȶ Ɂ ɩȷ ១ǎ Ʌ Ȳ Ʌ ƚɹ � ȴ ɬȸ ơɫȶ ȴ Ɍ ɳ ɓ ˊȶ LJ Ʌ ɳ ǵ ƺ ɉ ƒɸ� ƻ Ɋ ɒ ɮ Ɍ LJ Ʌ ɳ ǵ ƺ ɑ Ɛɫȶ � ƺ Ƀ ɳ Ʌ ƚ� ɴ Ɂ Ɋ Ȳ Ƀ ɍ ɽ

ɑ Ɉ ƛ ɵ ɂ Ƃɳ Ʌ ɹ � ɳ ɋ ˊȶ Ǎ Ɇ ɽɳ ƻ Ɨ ɹ ɔ ƒȲ ǒ ƚ Ɇ ɽɊ ɩɅ LJ Ʌ ɵ Ɋ Ɩdž Ȳ ɽɇ ȶ ʆ � ɳ DŽ ɹ Ɇ ɪɴ ȳ ƗɌ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ ǒ ƚ Ɇ ɽLJ Ɂ ɽɆ ȶ ɽȹ ɪɎ ɩɁ

Ȳ ƒɭ ȶ ɍ Ȳ ſɀ ɺ ǁ Ȳ ʁɳ ƽ ɋ � Ȳ ʁǍ Ɇ ɽǃ ƺ Ɋ Ɍ ɀ NJ Ɉ ɵ Ʌ Ɇ ɭ Ɉ ƛ Ƴ Ɍ ɪȹ Ʌ � ɳ ȼ ˊɊ Ɠ ɪ ƺ Ɂ ɩ� ǒ ɑ dž ɳ ɋ ˊȶ ɴ ȼ Ɍ ›។

Ɉ ɩɄ ɪɆ ɭ ɀ Ƙ � Ƀ Ȳ ſ ɩǁ Ʌ ɭ Ɇ Ɠ DŽ Ʌ ឬរឭȲ Ɏ ɩȦ ƈ ɀ Ȳ ſɅ Ƒȼ ɍ ɽ Ɇ ɭ Ɉ ƛ Ƴ Ɍ ɪȹ Ʌ ɴ ȳ ƗɌ Ȳ Ɋ ƕɭ ƺ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ � ɵ ɂ Ƃɳ Ʌ ɹ � � Nj Ʌ ɑ NJ Ɉ

ɑ ƂɆ ɽɳ ɑ Ƃȣ Ɋ Ȳ ʁɈ ɩɁ ɴ Ɋ Ʌ � ɴ Ɂ ɳ lj Ɍ ɳ Ɉ Ȼ ɳ ǵ ɳ ƽ ɋ ɔ Ɂ ƏɅ ʂɋ ȼ ʁƙ ƺ ɍ ɳ ƙ ǫ � ȷ ɸɳ lj ɹ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ ɳ ȴ DŽ ɸȶ ǔ ɋ � ɴ ȼ ɍ ƺ Ȳ ɮ Ʌ

ɳ ǩ ȹ ɸdž Ʌ ɽɳ ƙ Ƴ ɋ � LJ Ʌ Ɇ ɸɳ Ɉ Ȼ Ʌ ɮ Ɏ ȴ ɭ ɀ ɮ Ɇ Ƴ Ɍ ɺ � ȷ ɸɳ lj ɹ ȼ ɮ Ʌ ǂ ɳ ɋ ˊȶ � ɴ ȼ ɍ LJ Ʌ Ɉ ɍ ɪȲ Ɋ Ɨȹ ɪɎ ɩɁ ɳ ȼ ˊɊ Ɠ ɪɊ ɮ ɍ ɳ ɒ Ɂ ɭ

ƺ Ɂ ɩ- ǒ ɑ dž Nj ǂ Ɇ ɩɁ ɭ ɉ ɮ Ɋ ɩȲ Ɋ ƕɭ ƺ ɳ ƙ Ƴ Ɋ ʆ ɳ ȸ ƚȣ Ɂ ə Ƴ ɑ ɳ Ʌ ɹ ɴ ȼ Ɍ ȳ Ƈɭ ɸƙ Ɉ ɹ Ȳ Ɍ ɭ ǁ � ȳ Ƈɭ ɸLJ Ƀ � Ʌ ɩȶ ƙ Ȳ ȩɊ Ƹ Ɂ ɽƳ Ɍ Ɉ ɩɄ ɪ

Ɇ ɭ ɀ Ƙ � ɑ ɮ Ɋ ə Ƀ Ɛɩɑ Ɇ ɭ ȥ ƈ Ǎ ɑ ɪ� � ɴ ȼ ɍ ɳ Ȳ ˊɁ Ɉ ɪɈ ɩɄ ɪɳ Ʌ ɹ � ƙ Ɇ ɳ ȴ Ʌ -ȹ ɮ Ʌ ȼ ɍ ɽ Ɏ ɩȦ ƈ ɀ Ȳ ſɅ ƑɆ ɭ Ɉ ƛ Ƴ Ɍ ɪȹ Ʌ � ɳ ǎ Ȳ ɔ ƒȲ Nj Ʌ

ȴ ɭ ɀ DŽ ɸȶ ɔ ɑ ɽ � Ʌ ɩȶ ƙ Ɉ ɹ ɳ Ɂ ȹ ȴ ɭ ɀ � ɔ ɑ ɽ ɳ ǎ Ȳ ɔ ƒȲ � dž ȶ ƙ ȴ Ɇ ɽɔ ȶ ƀɅ ɩȶ Ɍ ɮ Ɇ � ែដលLJ Ʌ ȷ ɮ ɍ Ɍ ɯ Ɋ ɳ Ƿ Ȳ ƒɭ ȶ Ɉ ɩɄ ɪɳ Ʌ ɹ �

ɑ ɮ Ɋ ɣ ɋ LJ Ʌ ទទលនវɳ NJ ȴ ɇ ɍ ƙ ȴ Ɇ ɽʉ Ƶ ƒ � ɳ ɒ ˊ ɋ ƙ LJ ǃ ƒ nj ɻ ȶ ǁ ʉ � Ȳ ʁɑ ɮ Ɋ ɣ ɋ LJ Ʌ ɑ ɸɳ Ɍ ȷ ȼ ɮ ȷ Ɇ ɸɀ ȶ � Ȳ ɭ ɸɆ ɪ

ȳ Ȳ ƴ នេឡយ។ ơȄŶƴƄƅŬ ȝó ȁŀ �řǯāơȄŶƴƄó ȁŀ ɇ ( Camden ,NJ.USA, Feb.16,2013)