Xu Ly Nuoc Thai Det Nhuom-bo Mon Xu Ly Nuoc Thai

8/14/2019 Xu Ly Nuoc Thai Det Nhuom-bo Mon Xu Ly Nuoc Thai

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HIN TRNG X L NC THI

DT NHUMTI THNH PH H CH MINH

HIHIN TRN TRNG XNG X L L NNC TC THHII

DDT NHUT NHUMMTTI THI THNH PHNH PH HH CHCH MINHMINH


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NI DUNG BO CO

TNG QUAN V NGNH DT NHUM CNG NGH DT NHUM

THNH PHN V TNH CHT NC THI

ANH HNG MOI TRNG

HIN TRNG XLNT DT NHUM TI TP. HCM

HIN TRNG XLNT

CC CNG TRNH XLNT DT NHUM TIU BIU TRONG

V NGOI TP.HCM KT LUN KIN NGH


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TNG QUAN V NGNH DT NHUMTNG QUAN V NGNH DT NHUMTNG QUAN V NGNH DT NHUM

Mot cach tong quat, nganh cong nghiep det nhuom c chia ra lam cac loai

nh sau:*Det nhuom va vai cotton: vi cac loai vai nay thuoc nhuom hoat tnh hoachoan nguyen hoac trc tiep, c s dung hau het cac nha may det.(DetThanh Cong, nha may det Thang Li, Cong ty Det May Gianh, Cong ty det

Sai Gon JouBo, .).*Detva nhuom si tong hp (polymester): thuoc nhuom phan tan, co cac nhamay tieu bieu nh: Thanh Cong, Thang Li, Sai Gon,.*Detva nhuom vai peco: thuoc nhuom hoan nguyen hoac phan tan(Nha maySai Gon).

*m tva det lua: ay la dang chu yeu la trong nc tr mot so hoa chatac dung, o la iem khac biet oi vi cac nha may det khac la nguyen lieuchu yeu hau nh la nhap ngoai gan 100% (X Nghiep Che Bien T Tam BaoLoc, Bnh Minh, Rang ong, .).

A.TONG QUAT


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B.NGUYEN LIEU

*Nguyen lieu det:

Nguyen lieu trc tiep cho cac nha may det la cac loai si. Tuy nhiennhn chung cac loai vai c det t cac loai sau:Si cotton : c keo t si bong vai, co ac tnh hut am cao, xop.Ben trong moi trng kiem, phan huy trong moi trng axit. Mat

hang nay thch hp vi kh hau mua he nong, tuy nhien si con lannhieu tap chat nh sap, mai bong va de nhau. Do vay can x ly kytrc khi nhuom e loai bo tap chat.Si pha PECO (polester va cotton): Si polyester la si hoa hoc dangcao phan t c tao thanh t qua trnh tong hp hu c, hut am

kem, cng ben trang thai t s, tuy nhien kem ben vi ma satnen loai vai nay thng c tron chung vi cac loai s khac. Sinay ben vi axt nhng kem ben vi kiem. Si pha PECO oc phache e khac phuc cac nhc iem cua si PE va cotton .


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*Nguyen lieu nhuom va in hoa.Pham nhuom phan tan : la loai pham khong tan trong nc nhng trang thai phan tan va huyen phu trong dung dch va co the phan tantren si, mach phan t thng nho. Co the co nhieu ho khac nhau nh:antharaquinon, nitroannilamin,. .c dung e nhuom si:poliamide, polyester,axetat,Pham trc tiep : dung e nhuom vai cotton trong moi trng kiem,thng la muoi sulfonat cua cac hp chat hu c: R-SO3Na. Kem ben

vi anh sang va khi giat giu.Pham nhuom axit: a so nhng hp chatsulfo cha mot hay nhieu nhomSO3H va mot vai dan xuat cha nhom COOH dung pham nhuom trctiep cac loai t cha nhom baz nh : len, t, poliamide,..Pham nhuom hoat tnh : co cong thc tong quat : S-F=X, trong o F:phan t mang mau, S:nhom tan trong nc (SO3Na, COONa), T: gocmang phan ng (co the la nhom Clo hay vinyl), X: nhom co kha nangphan ng,Pham hoan nguyen : bao gom cac ho mau khac nhau nh: indigo, dan

xuat anthraquinon, pham sulfua,.. dung e nhuom ch, si bong,visco, si tong hp.


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Ngoai ra, e co c mat hang vai ep, ben mau va thch hp vinhu cau ngi tieu dung, ngoai pham nhuom con dung cac chat trkhac nh: chat tham, chat tai (nhuom phan tan ), chat dat, chat ien

ly(Na2SO4), chat ieu chnh pH (CH3COOH, Na2CO3, NaOH), chatho chong nc, ho mem, ho lang, chat chong loang mau.


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CONG NGHE:CCONG NGHE:ONG NGHE:

Tuy theo quy mo cua c s det nhuom, tnh chat cua si nguyen lieu, tnhchat cua si san pham, trnh o cong nghe ma cong nghe det nhuom tai moic s co s khac nhau nhieu hay t. Tuy vay, nhn chung cong nghe det

nhuom bao gom 4 cong oan chnh: ho si, det, giat tay, nhuom hoan tat, vac the hien qua s o sau:


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S o day chuyen san xuat chung cua nha may

Si Ho Det Nau Giat Trunghoa

GiatNhuomGiatVat nc

Giat

Ho hoan tat Say kho San pham

Tay


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S o day chuyen nhuom va in bong

Detvai

Chuan b nhuom: RuHo, nau, tay

LamBong

Nhuom In bong



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Chuan b si nguyen lieu : Si nguyen lieu c nhap vao, au tien ca qua cong oan anh ong nham loai bo tuyen x, can ban, chuyen sisang cac ong con.Ho si :c tien hanh trc khi det co tac dung tang cng lc cho si qua

qua trnh det, sau khi ho si xong vai se c em i det.Hoa chat ho si bao gom: tinh bot, keo ong vat (casein va zelatin), chat lammem, dan thao moc, chat beo, chat gi am CaCl2, glyxerin, chat chong moc(phenol).



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Chuan b nhuom : giai oan nay bao gom: phan truc, tay va giu ho.Phan truc: xac nh lng ppham mau va cac chat phu gia khac theo

khoi lng vai can nhuom.Nau tay: co tac dung pha huy cac tap chat xenluloza nh peptin chaNit, pentoza,. ong thi tach de dang cac axit beo khoi vai, nhieto hn 850 C sap b nong chay, nhu hoa, tach khoi be mat vai. Matkhac qua trnh nau con lam bien oi cau truc x, de hap phu thuoc

nhuom. Hoa chat trong cong oan nay bao gom: NaOH, NaHSO3,Na2SiO3, H2O2 chat hoat ong be mat tac dung vi nhu hoa sap,giam sc cang be mat, tao ieu kien cho dung dch de ngam vao vai.Tay trang: cong oan nay c s dung cho san xuat cac loai vai trang.

Do sau khi nau, thanh phan vai con cha cac chat mau thien nhien chab huy hoai, ong thi cellulose co kha nang hap thu cac chat sam mautrong nc nau.

Cac chat tay giat thng c s dung la: NaClO, HclO, H2O2. Mot so hoachat phu gia bao gom: NaOH, Na2SiO3, chat ngam,



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Giu ho : Qua trnh nay c thc hien bang cach ngam u hoa chat, sauo giat ep bang nc nong e loai sach cac tap chat, tinh bot, Thongthng cac hoa chat cho vao la axt loang, NaOH, chat oxi hoa H2O2,

men goc thc vat, ong vat, xa bong,.. Giai oan u vao khoang t 1 12gi nhiet o 300 1000 C (co hoa chat), trong qua trnh u, tinh bot nra, thuy phan va hoa tan tach khoi si vai.

Nhuom si : c tien hanh sau khi hoan tat cac cong oan chuan bnhuom. Trong giai oan nay ngi ta thng s dung cac loai hoa chatnh: NaOH, CH3COOH, chat tao ra moi trng (kiemhay axit), phamnhuom, cac chat hoat ong be mat, chat kh, H2O2, chat ien ly.oi vi cac mat hang vai khac nhau, oi hoi cac san pham nhuom va cacmoi trng khac nhau,( v du: neu nhuom si Peco, thanh phan cua chung

bao gom Polyseter va cotton, do o phai s dung ong thi hai loai thuocnhuom khac nhau: Si polyester nhuom ieu kien pH=5, moi trngaxt, nhiet o 1300, trong khoang thi gian 30 phut. Con si cotton nhuombang thuoc nhuom hoan nguyen pH=12, moi trng kiem vi nhiet o1300C va thi gian hap phu tuy thuoc vao tng loai thuoc nhuom cu the).


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Tay giat :nham lam sach vai, loai bo cac tap chat, mau thuoc nhuom tha,qui nh tay giat bao xa phong hay hoa chat giat tong hp (giat nong ) nhieto khoang 800C, sau o xa lanh vi cac chat tay giat thong dung la: xa phong1g/l, xo a g/l,.. .Cong oan hoan tat : la cong oan cuoi cung tao ra vai co chat lng tot vatheo ung yeu cau nh: chong moc, chong chay, mem, chong nhau, hoac trve trang thai t nhien sau qua trnh cang keo, co rut cac khau trc hay thang

nep ngay ngan. Qui trnh cong nghe giai oan nay tuy thuoc vao san phamvai nhuom cu the bao gom cac bc khac nhau, nhng nhn chung ao gom haicong oan sau:

X ly c hoc : cha si ngang, cang bong, chnh kho, ui,.X ly hoa hoc: a vao vai mot so hoa chat e tang chat lng vai hoantat.

Nhn chung cong nghe det nhuom tng oi a dang va con phu thuoc vaonhieu vao loa vai san pham, loai vai nuyen lieu, loai thuoc nhuom, .


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Tay giat :nham lam sach vai, loai bo cac tap chat, mau thuoc nhuom tha,qui nh tay giat bao xa phong hay hoa chat giat tong hp (giat nong ) nhieto khoang 800C, sau o xa lanh vi cac chat tay giat thong dung la: xa phong1g/l, xo a g/l,.. .Cong oan hoan tat : la cong oan cuoi cung tao ra vai co chat lng tot vatheo ung yeu cau nh: chong moc, chong chay, mem, chong nhau, hoac trve trang thai t nhien sau qua trnh cang keo, co rut cac khau trc hay thang

nep ngay ngan. Qui trnh cong nghe giai oan nay tuy thuoc vao san phamvai nhuom cu the bao gom cac bc khac nhau, nhng nhn chung ao gom haicong oan sau:

X ly c hoc : cha si ngang, cang bong, chnh kho, ui,.X ly hoa hoc: a vao vai mot so hoa chat e tang chat lng vai hoantat.

Nhn chung cong nghe det nhuom tng oi a dang va con phu thuoc vaonhieu vao loa vai san pham, loai vai nuyen lieu, loai thuoc nhuom, .


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THANH PHAN TNH CHAT NC THAI DET NHUOMTHANH PHAN TNH CHAT NC THAI DET NHUOMTHANH PHAN TNH CHAT NC THAI DET NHUOM

Cong nghe det nhuom s dung mot lng rat ln nc phuc vu cho cac cong

oan san xuat ong thi xa ra mot lng ln nc thai tng ng, bnh quankhoang 50-300m3/tan vai. Trong so o hai nguon o nhiem chnh can giai quyetla t cong oan det nhuom va nau tay.

Nc thai tay det co pH dao ong kha ln t 9 12, ham lng chat hu ccao( COD = 1000 3000 mg/l) do thanh phan cac chat tay gay nen. o maucua nc thai kha ln nhng giai oan tay ban au va co the lean en10.000Pt-Co, ham lng can l lng SS co the at en 200mg/l, nong o naygiam dan cuoi chu ky xa va giat. Thanh phan chu yeu cua nc thai bao

gom: thuoc nhuom tha, chat hoat ong be mat, cac chat oxy hoa, cellulose,xap, xut, chat ien ly, .


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THANH PHAN TNH CHAT NC THAI DET NHUOMTHANH PHAN TNH CHAT NC THAI DET NHUOMTHANH PHAN TNH CHAT NC THAI DET NHUOM

Nc thai nhuom nc thai khong on nh va a dang, thay oi ngaytrong tng nha may khi nhuom cac loai vai khac nhau, tham ch ngay

ca khi ca khi cung mot loai vai vi loai thuoc nhuom khac nhau, moitrng nhuom co the la acid hoac kiem, hoac trung tnh. Cho en nayhieu qua hap thu thuoc nhuom cua vai ch at t 60-70%, 30-40% cacpham nhuom tha con lai dang nguyen thuy hoac a so a b phan

huy dang khac, ngoai ra mot so cac chat ien ly, chat hoat ong bemat, chat tao moi trng, ..cung thng ton tai trong thanh phannc thai nhuom, o la nguyen nhan gay ra o mau rat cao cua ncthai nhuom.

Thanh phan tnh chat nc thai nhuom thng cha cac goc nh: R-SO3Na, R-SO3, N-OH, R-NH2, R-Cl, . pH nc thai thay oi t2-14, o mau rat cao oi khi len en 50.00 Pt-Co, ham lng CODthay oi t 80-18000 mg/l


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ANH HNG EN MOI TRNGANH HNG EN MOI TRNGANH HNG EN MOI TRNG

O nhiem nc thai: cong nghiep x ly hoa hoc vat lieu det s dung ratnhieu nc va nhieu hoa chat, chat tr (texteli auxiliaries) va thuoc nhuom(dyestuffs).Mc o gay o nhiem oc hai phu thuoc vao chung loai va so lng s dungchung va vao ca cong nghe ap dung.

Co the phan chia ra cac chat thong thng s dung thanh 3 nhom chnh:+ oc hai vi vinh sinh va ca+Kho phan giai sinh hoc+ t oc hai va de phan huy sinh hoc


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a/ Nhom th nhat: Cac chat oc hai vi vi sinh va ca

Xut (NaOH) va Natri cacbonat (Na2CO3) c s dung vi so lng ln co e nau(boiling) vai si bong va x ly trc vai si pha ( chu yeu la polyester/bong).Axit vo c (H2SO4) dung giat, trung hoa xut, va hien mau thuoc nhuom hoannguyen tan indigosol.Cac chat kh vo c nh natri hydrosulfit (Na2S2O4) dung trong nhuom hoan nguyen(vat dyeing).Natri sulfur (Na2S) dung kh thuoc nhuom lu hoa (sulfur dyes).Dung moi hu c Clo hoa, nh cac chat tai trong nhuom mung tuyn hoan tat.Formandehyt co trong thanh phan cac chat cam mau va cac chat x ly hoan tat.Crom VI (K2Cr2O7) trong nhuom len bang thuoc nhuomaxit Crom.Dau hoa dung e che tao ho in pigment.Cac chat ngam thau va tay ra khong ion tren c s ankyiphenol etoxylat (APEO).


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a/ Nhom th nhat: Cac chat oc hai vi vi sinh va ca(tiep theo)

Mot ham lng nhat nh kim loai nang i vao nc thai :Trong mot tan xut cong nghiep neu san xuat bang ien cc thuyphan co 4g thuy ngan (Hg).Tap chat kim loai nang co trong thuoc nhuom s dung, nh trongthuoc nhuom hoan nguyen.

Ham lng halogen hu c AOX oc hai (Organo-halogen content) avao nc thai t mot so thuoc nhuom hoan nguyen, mot so thuoc nhuomphan tan (disperse dyes), mot vai thuoc nhuom hoat tnh (reactive dyes),mot so t pigment va thuoc nhuom cation (cation dyes).Muoi an (NaCl) hay muoi glaube (Na2SO4) dung nhuom thuoc nhuomhoat tnh theo phng phap tan tch (exhast dyeing) thai ra vi nongo > 2mg/l oc oi vi vi sinh vat trong nc.


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b/ Nhom th hai: cac chat kho phan giai sinh hoc:

Cac chat giat vong thm, mach etylenoxit dai hoac co cau truc machnhanh ankyl.Cac polimer tong hp bao gom cac chat ho hoan tat, cac chat ho si

doc (si tong hp hay si pha) nh PVA, poliacrylat.Phan ln cac chat nh hoa, cac chat lam ,mem, cac chat tao phctrong x ly hoa hoc.Tap chat dau khoang, silicon t dau keo si c tach ra.

Nhieu loai thuoc nhuom va chat tang trang quang hoc.


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c/ Nhom th ba: cac chat t oc va co the phan giai sinh hoc

X si va cac tap chat thien nhien co trong s si b loai bo trong caccong oan x ly trc .

Cac chat dung ho si doc tren c s tinh bot khong bien tnh.

Cac chat giat vi ankyl mach thang cac chat tay ra mem.

Axt acetic (CH3COOH), axit formic (HCOOH) e ieu chnh pH.

Muoi trung tnh (NaCL, Na2SO4) nong o thap.


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HIEN TRANG XLNT DET NHUOM TAI TP.HCMHIEN TRANG XLNT DET NHUOM TAI TP.HCMHIEN TRANG XLNT DET NHUOM TAI TP.HCM

X ly nc thai det nhuom tai Tp. Ho Ch Minh co the chia lam 3 dangchnh nh sau:

1/ Tram x ly nc thai co quy mo nho t 50-100 m3/ngay.

2/ Tram x ly nc thai co quy mo trung bnh t 100-1000 m3/ngay.

3/ Tram x ly nc thai co quy ln > 1000 m3/ngay.


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1/ S o congnghe tram x lync thai co quy mo nho t 50-100 m3/ngay

Keo tu Tao bong

DD keo tu

San phi bun

Be ieu hoaSong chan rac

Nc ra

X LY HOA LYX LY HOA LY

Bun thai bo

Be lang

Bund

Nc tach bun


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Tram x ly nc thai co quy mo nho t 50-100 m3/ngay, ch ap dungcho nhng c s det nhuom nho, von au t con han che nen cong

nghe x ly ch la keo tu, tao bong, lang do o chat lng nc thai saux ly khong am bao, phan ln la khong at tieu chuan moi trng.


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2/ S o cong nghe tram x ly nc thai co quy mo trung bnh t 100-1000m3/ngay

Aeroten

Be lang 2

Tuan hoan bun

May thoi kh

Keo tu Tao bong

X LY SINH HOCX LY SINH HOCTIEN X LYTIEN X LY

DD keo tu

San phi bun


Nc ra


Bun thai boBe lang

Bund

Bun thai

Nc tach bun


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2/ Tram x ly nc thai co quy mo trung bnh t 100-1000 m3/ngay, phan ln lado cac doanh nghiep co von au t tng oi ln, co dien tch mat bang rong doo xay dng he thong xlnt tng oi hoan chnh bao gom cac qua trnh x ly nh :

X ly c hoc, x ly sinh hoc, x ly hoa ly.Chat lng nc thai sau x lyat tieu chuan xa ra nguon tiep nhan.


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CONG TRNH X LY NC THAI CONG TY DET NHUOM SAI GON JOUBO, QUAN 6, TP.HCMCONG TRNH X LY NC THAI CONG TY DET NHUOM SAI GON JCONG TRNH X LY NC THAI CONG TY DET NHUOM SAI GON JOUBO, QUAN 6, TP.HCMOUBO, QUAN 6, TP.HCM


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CONG TRNH X LY NC THAI CONG TY DET NHUOM SAI GON JOUBO, QUAN 6, TP.HCMCONG TRNH X LY NC THAI CONG TY DET NHUOM SAI GON JCONG TRNH X LY NC THAI CONG TY DET NHUOM SAI GON JOUBO, QUAN 6, TP.HCMOUBO, QUAN 6, TP.HCM


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3/ Tram x ly nc thai co quy mo ln > 1000m3/ngay,la nhng tram x ly cocong nghe hoan chnh. Ket hp cac qua trnh x ly c hoc, sinh hoc , va hoa ly,trang b cac thiet b x ly hien ai, cac thiet b quan sat ieu khien t ong va

kinh ph au t ln .Chat lng nc thai sau x ly am bao at tieu chuan xa ra nguon tiep nhan.

Cac n v co tram x ly nc thai co quy mo ln nh :

Cong ty det may Thanh Cong cong suat 5000 m3/ngayCong ty det may Thang li .


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CONG TRNH TIEU BIEU DO CEFINEA THC HIENCONG TRNH TIEU BIEU DO CEFINEA THC HIENCONG TRNH TIEU BIEU DO CEFINEA THC HIEN

Ncvao

Be tiep nhan Aeroten

Be lang

Tuan hoan bun

May thoi kh

Keo tu Tao bong

X LY SINH HOCX LY SINH HOCTIEN X LYTIEN X LY

DD keo tu

Ngan cha bun


Be ap suat

Be tuyen noi

Nc ra


May nen kh

Bun thai

May ep bun

Cong nghe x ly nc thaiCongCong nghenghe xx lyly ncnc thaithai


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Cong suat 1000 m3/ngayChu au t : DEAWON-KOREThi Cong : Trung Tam Cong Nghe

Moi Trng CEFINEA

CongCong suatsuat 1000 m3/ngay1000 m3/ngayChuChu auau tt: DEAWON: DEAWON--KOREKOREThiThi CongCong :: TrungTrung TamTam CongCong NgheNghe

MoiMoi TrngTrng CEFINEACEFINEA

Nc sau x lyBe tuyen noi

Be Sinh hoc


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Cong suat 1000 m3/ngayChu au t : DEAWON-KOREThi Cong : Trung Tam Cong Nghe

Moi Trng CEFINEA

CongCong suatsuat 1000 m3/ngay1000 m3/ngayChuChu auau tt: DEAWON: DEAWON--KOREKOREThiThi CongCong :: TrungTrung TamTam CongCong NgheNghe

MoiMoi TrngTrng CEFINEACEFINEACum be x ly hoa ly

Be langMay thoi kh


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KET LUANNganh det nhuom la nganh cong nghiep chiem c v tr quan trongtrong nen kinh te quoc dan, ong gop ang ke cho ngan sach nha ncva la nguon giai quyet cong an viec lam cho nhieu lao ong .

Tuy nhien e phat trien ben vng can phai quan tam en bao ve moitrng cu the oi vi nganh det nhuom la x ly nc thai.

X ly nc thai phai am bao chat lng va hieu qua, nc thai sau xly luon luon at tieu chuan xa ra nguon tiep nhan.


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Xu Ly Nuoc Thai Det Nhuom-bo Mon Xu Ly Nuoc Thai