VERB

3’e ayrılır V intransitive NESNE ALMAYAN

V + O Transitive TEK NESNE ALAN

V + O + O ÇİFT NESNE ALAN

1.NOUN PHRASE – NP

SON KELİME MUTLAKA İSİM OLMALIDIR.

• TEK BAŞINA BİR İSİM AYNI ZAMANDA NP OLABİLİR BOY , CAR • ÖNCESİNE NİTELEYEN BİR SIFAT ALABİLİR CLEVER BOY EXPENSIVE CAR • İSMİ NİTELEYEN BİR SIFATIN ÖNÜNE ONU NİTELEYEN BİR ZARF GELDİĞİNDE SON

KELİME İSİM OLDUĞU İÇİN HIGHLY CLEVER BOY, EXTREMELY EXPENSIVE CAR • BİR İSİM, ÖNCESİNDE ONU NİTELEYEN BAŞKA BİR İSİM ALARAKTA KULLANILABİLİR.

WALL PAPER, TV CHANNEL • BİR İSİM, ÖNCESİNDE ONU NİTELEYEN BİR QUANTIFIER/DETERMINER ALARAKTA

KULLANILABİLİR. MANY TOPICS, A CAR , THE PROBLEM

2.PREPOSITIONS(EDAT) PP

THE STUDENTS IN THE CLASSROOM NEXT TO OUR ROOM ARE WAITING FOR THEIR TEACHERS.

T1: BİR CÜMLENİN ÖZNESİNİN ÖNÜNDE ASLA EDAT(PP) OLMAZ.

WHERE

WHEN GİBİ EDAT TAŞIYAN YAPILAR ÖZNE EKSİKLİĞİNDE KULLANILAMAZLAR.

SUBJECT POZİSYONUNDA KULLANILABİLECEK YAPILAR

1.NP THE CAR IS EXPENSIVE. SOME AWFULLY RICH MEN

2.SUBJECT PRONOUNS (I,YOU,HE,SHE,IT,WE,YOU,THEY)

3.Ving(GERUND)-FİİLİMSİ LEARNING NEVER-ENDING PROCESS. SMOKING TOO MUCH IS DETRIMENT OF YOUR HEALTH

4.TO V0 (INFINITIVE) TO READ DAILY NEWSPAPERS KEEPS ONE KNOWLEDGEABLE ABOUT CURRENT ISSUES

T2: TO V0 ------ ÖZNE İSE -MEK

TO V0----- AMAÇ İSE -MEK İÇİN

5. İŞARET ZAMİRLERİ (THIS, THESE,THAT,THOSE)

DEVAMLARINA İSİM ALMADAN, BİR İSME GÖNDERME YAPMAK YAPMAK İÇİN DE KULLANILABİLİRLER.

THESE WILL PROVE TO BE USEFUL.

6.BAZI MİKTAR İFADELERİ (SOME, BOTH, NONE, ALL, MANY)

BOTH ARE MY FRIENDS.

7.NOUN CLAUSES

KARARLI DURUM BAĞLAÇLARI : * THAT

* THE FACT THAT

THAT/THE FACT THAT + SV(O) +VERB+ (OBJECT)---- BU DİZİLİMDE ÖZNEDİR.

THAT HE CAME LATE MADE ME ANGRY

KARARSIZ DURUM BAĞLAÇLARI: * WHETHER(OR NOT) / IF*

* WH- / HOW

WHETHER THEY WILL COME (OR NOT) IS NOT CERTAIN YET

HOW HE COOKS THESE MEALS IS STILL A MYSTERY

WHERE SHE WAS YESTERDAY ISN’T KNOWN TO ANYONE

T3: IF KARARSIZ BAĞLACI ÖZNE YERİNE KULLANILMAZ!!! ONUN YERİNE WHETHER KULLANILIR.

8. NP + ADJECTIVE CLAUSES(SIFAT CÜMLECİKLERİ)

NP + ADJECTIVE CLAUSE ŞEKLİNDE ÖZNE OLUŞTURABİLİRLER.

THE MAN WHO CAME LATE MADE ME ANGRY

THE METHOD WHICH IS USED WILL BE EFFECTIVE

9. IT

IT IS CLAIMED THAT SHE STOLE THE MONEY

VERB

V0 YALIN SHE CAN SWIM WELL

V1 PRESENT SIMPLE I GO TO SCHOOL

V2 PAST SIMPLE I WENT TO THE SCHOOL (6 ÖZEL YAPI DIŞINDA)

V3 PERFECT ASPECT....... HAVE V3

PASSIVE……………… BE V3

Ving CONTINIOUS/PROGRESSIVE….. BE Ving

GERUND………………………....... Ving

TO V0 INFINITIVE

T4. Ving FARKLI KULLANIMLARI

SIFAT YAPAR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

OLAYLARIN DEVAM ETMEKTE OLDUĞUNU GÖSTERİR.DEVELOPING

AKTİF ADJECTIVAL CL. KISALTMALARINDA KULLANILIR (NOUN+ Ving)

THE MAN WHO IS READING THE NEWSPAPER IS MY FATHER

THE MAN READING THE NEWSPAPER IS MY FATHER

AKTİF ADVERBIAL CLAUSE KISALTMALARINDA KULLANILIR (Ving….,SUBJECT….)

WHILE HE WAS WALKING DOWN THE STREET, HE SAW ME. WALKING DOWN THE STREET, HE SAW ME. V3 FARKLI KULLANIMLARI SIFAT YAPAR DEVOLOPED countries OLAYLARIN BİTTİĞİNİ GÖSTERİR: DEVOLOPED COUNTRIES PASIF ADJECTIVAL CLAUSE KISALTMALARINDA (NOUN+V3) THE METHOD WHICH WAS USED LAST YEAR PROVED TO BE EFFECTIVE THE METHOD USED LAST YEAR PROVED TO BE EFFECTIVE PASIF ADVERBIAL CLAUSE KISALTMALARINDA KULLANILIR(V3…., SUBJECT…) IF IT IS USED PROPERLY THIS COMPUTER WILL LAST AT LEAST THREE YEARS IF USED PROPERLY……

INTRANSITIVE V : NESNE ALMAZLAR/PASİF YAPILAMAZLAR(PASİF YAPILAN FİİLİN NESNESİ ÖZNE POZİSYONUNA GELMELİDİR) SHE SLEPT FOR HOURS.

TRANSITIVE V + O : TEK NESNE ALIR.PASİF YAPILABİLİR.

SHE BROKE THE WINDOW LAST NIGHT –A

THE WINDOW WAS BROKEN LAST NIGHT-P

DITRANSITIVE V : İKİ NESNE BİRDEN ALABİLİR.İKİ ŞEKİLDE PASİF YAPILABİLİR.ANCAK PASİF YAPIDA TEK BİR NESNE OLABİLİR.DİĞER NESNE NORMAL KULLANILIR.

SHE GAVE ME A PRESENT -A I WAS GIVEN A PRESENT-P

SHE GAVE A PRESENT TO ME – A A PRESET WAS GIVEN TO ME-P

OBJECT OLARAK KULLANILABİLECEK YAPILAR

FIILLERIN VE EDATLARIN NESNESI OLUR.

V + O

PP + O

1.NP : I WANT THIS BOOK

2.OBJECT PRONOUNS(ME,YOU,HIM,HER,IT,US,YOU,THEM)

NESNE ZAMİRLERİ I KNOW THEM VERY WELL.

3. Ving(GERUND)

* NESNESİ OLDUĞU FİİLE GÖRE DAHA ÖNCE OLMUŞ BİR EYLEMİ GÖSTERİR.

HE ADMITTED STEALING THE MONEY. STEAL>ADMIT ÖNCE

*GEÇMİŞTEN GELECEĞE DEĞİŞMEYEN BİR ANLAM VEREN VE GENELE GÖNDERME YAPAN FİİLLERİN NESNESİ OLUR

I LIKE PLAYING THE PIANO

*TAVSİYE ÖĞÜT ANLAMI VEREN FİİL NESNESİ

THEY SUGGESTED GOING ON A LONG VACATION.

4.TO V0 (INFINITIVE)

BİR FİİLİN NESNESİ OLDUĞUNDA, GENELDE NESNESİ OLDUĞU FİİLDEN DAHA SONRA GERÇEKLEŞECEK BİR EYLEME İŞARET EDER.

I AM PLANNING TO GO ON HOLIDAY IN JUNE.

5.İŞARET ZAMİRLERİ(THIS,THESE,THAT,THOSE)

…. I WANT TO BUY THESE

6.BAZI MİKTAR İFADELERİ(SOME,BOTH,NONE,ALL,MANY)

…. I LEARNED BOTH

7.NOUN CLAUSE THAT/THE FACT THAT== S+V+THAT/THE FACT THAT+SVO

WH-/HOW/WHETHER(OR NOT)/IF(…OR NOT)

WHETHER DAN SONRA OR NOT OLBILIR AMA IFTEN SONRA OLMAZ.

8.NP+ADJ.CLAUSE

9.IT

PREPOSITION + OBJECT (EDATIN NESNESİ OLABİLECEK YAPILAR)

1.NP

I AM VERY MUCH INTERESTED IN MY LATEST TECH.

2.OBJECT PRONOUNS(ME,HIM,HER,IT,US,YOU,THEM)

NESNE ZAMİRLERİ I AM THINKING OF HIM

3. Ving(GERUND)

HE IS REALLY GOOD AT READING

PREPOSITIONS’TAN SONRA TO VO YAPISI KULLANILMAZ. Ving KULLANILIR.

4.İŞARET ZAMİRLERİ (THİS,THESE,THAT,THOSE)

…. I AM NOT THAT FOND OF THESE

5.BAZI MİKTAR İFADELERİ(SOME,BOTH,NONE,ALL,MANY)

I DON’T KNOW ABOUT EITHER

6.NOUN CLAUSES

KARARLI DURUM BAĞLACI: (“THE FACT THAT”) KARARLI DURUM BAĞLACI OLAN THAT YAPISI BİR PPDAN SONRA KULLANILMAZ ONUN YERİNE SADECE “THE FACT THAT” KULLANILIR.

IN SPITE OF THE FACT THAT HE IS RICH, HE IS NOT HAPPY.

KARARSIZ DURUM BAĞLACI: *WH-/HOW/WHETHER(OR NOT)

IF BİR PP NESNESİ OLARAK KULLANILAMAZ.

1) PREP+VING(TO VO OLMAZ)

2) PREP+THE FACT THAT(THAT GELEMEZ)

3) PREP+WHETHER/WH-/HOW(IF GELEMEZ)

TENSE ASPECTS A.SIMPLE ASPECT: (V1 , V2) PERMANENT, REPETITION, COMPLETE SIMPLE PRESENT-V1 SIMPLE PAST-V2 B.PROGRESSIVE/CONTINUOUS ASPECT: (BE VING) IN PROGRESS/TEMPORARY TEKERRÜR İFADE EDEN YAPILARDA KULLANILMAZ. STRATEJI: BE VING İLE YAPILAN PROGRESSIVE ASPECT YAPILARI HİÇ BİR ZAMAN REPETITION IFADE ETMEK İÇİN KULLANILMAZ.SORU KÖKÜNDE EYLEMİN TEKRARLANDIĞI ANLATILIYORSA SEÇENEKLERDEN VING YAPILARI ELENİR. STRATEGY: TENSE SORU KÖKÜNDE FOR TWO DAYS, ALL DAY, THROUGHT THE YEAR ETC. ZAMAN İFADELERİ VARSA AM/IS/ARE VING, WAS/WERE VING YAPILARI DOĞRU OLAMAYACAĞI İÇİN ELENİR. C. PERFECT ASPECT( HAVE V3) :