Yocto Project* 针对基于 Linux* 的数字标牌产品的概述和最佳实践

SFTS005

Terence Chiang, 英特尔公司高级技术推广工程师

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议程

• 什么是 Yocto Project*? • 采用演示实例深入探讨 Yocto Project* • Yocto Project 内核与 LTSI 内核

• Yocto Project 规范计划 • 数字标牌技术案例研究

• Yocto Project 发行版 1.4版本特色

• 总结

本课程演示文稿（PDF）发布在技术课程目录网站: intel.com/go/idfsessionsBJ 该网址同时打印于会议指南中专题讲座日程页的上方

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议程

• 什么是 Yocto Project*? • 采用演示实例深入探讨 Yocto Project* • Yocto Project 内核与 LTSI 内核

• Yocto Project 规范计划 • 数字标牌技术案例研究

• Yocto Project 发行版 1.4版本特色

• 总结

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测量的最小单位, 等于一个 Septillionth (10-24).

[ yoc-to ]

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嵌入式 Linux* 现状

• DIY/用户自主开发或者修改的传统发行版本：

– 长期维护困难

– 上游的变化难以追踪

– 嵌入不够友好

– 许可证发放问题 – 没有商业嵌入式支持

• 商用/社团嵌入式 Linux*: – 太多相互竞争的系统

– 彼此不兼容的分发/构建系统

• 开发人员花费大量时间移植或者构建系统

• 没有那么多时间/金钱来开发有趣的软件功能

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Yocto Project* 与现有 Linux* 发行版的比较

现有的企业或者桌面发行版 Yocto Project*

• 建立配置文件 – 有多个尺寸 • 程序包针对所选择的配置文件已经调

试过 • 为 Wind River* 和其他商用 Linux*

操作系统所使用，作为他们的上游

丢弃 需要的部件

正是您所要的

• 添加缺失的软件包 • 重建 • 测试 • 调试

Yocto Project 为嵌入式系统开发人员提供了恰好满足其需要的软件包

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Yocto Project* 提供了更好的路径

• 由Linux* 基金会主办的协作、开源项目

• 提供模板、工具和方法来帮助您创建定制的、基于Linux的嵌入式系统

• 适用于广泛的硬件架构

易于从实验室

过渡到市场

专注于

增值功能，

由一个共同的

基金会提供

支持

用户自主开发或者 基于概念证明

它不是一个嵌入式 Linux 发行版 – 它为您创建一个自定义的版本

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Yocto Project* 完美地适合于嵌入式系统

支持所有主要的体系结构 —

x86, ARM, PPC, MIPS

易于使用 — 有着活跃而

有益的社区

方便的

GPL 许可

合规

在不同

体系结构之间

易于移植

在英特尔® 架构上的广泛支持：

Xeon®, Core™, Atom™

易于过渡

到

商业上支持的

操作系统

提供特定设备的

应用软件

开发工具集

选择通用的 footprint，或者

精选确切的

软件包

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那么，谁在使用 Yocto Project* 呢？

• 在您的嵌入式解决方案中使用多个体系结构吗？

• 以相同的软件套件测试多个体系结构吗？

• 针对嵌入式市场有一个重大的新理念，需要开发一个概念验证原型吗?

M2M 电子技术 工业 能源 零售

目标设备类型 所有嵌入式设备

更多…

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是谁在管理 Yocto Project* 呢?

©2012 Linux基金会。 保留所有权利

顾问委员会和技术领导： • 由 Linux* 基金会组织

• 独立的开发人员

• 嵌入式硬件公司

• 半导体制造商

• 嵌入式操作系统供应商

• OpenEmbedded / LTSI 社区

成员组织

最新信息请参见 http://www.yoctoproject.org/ecosystem

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议程

• 什么是 Yocto Project*? • 采用演示实例深入探讨 Yocto Project* • Yocto Project 内核与 LTSI 内核

• Yocto Project 规范计划 • 数字标牌技术案例研究

• Yocto Project 发行版 1.4版本特色

• 总结

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概览

幻灯片和视频，请参见：https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/Training

*

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层

所构建的系统是由层组成的

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层是什么?

• 层是一种管理系统的扩展和定制的方式 – 层可以扩展、添加、替换或修改配方

– 层可以添加或更换 bbclass 文件

– 层可以添加或修改配置设置

– 层通过 BBLAYERS 变量来添加，该变量位于 “build/conf/bblayers.conf”

• 最佳实践：层应该按照功能分组

– 自定义工具链(编译器、调试器、分析工具)

– 分发规范 (即 meta-yocto) – BSP/机器设置(即 meta-yoct-bsps) – 功能区域 (selinux, 联网等) – 有关项目的变化

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配方是……

SUMMARY = "Free Lossless Audio Codec“ DESCRIPTION = "FLAC stands for Free Lossless Audio Codec, an audio format similar to MP3, but lossless.“ HOMEPAGE = http://flac.sourceforge.net/ LICENSE = "GFDL-1.2 & GPLv2+ & LGPLv2.1+ & BSD“ LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://COPYING.FDL;md5=ad1419ecc56e060eccf8184a87c4285f \ DEPENDS = "libogg“ PR = "r2“ SRC_URI = "${SOURCEFORGE_MIRROR}/flac/flac-${PV}.tar.gz \ file://disable-xmms-plugin.patch \ file://flac-gcc43-fixes.patch \ SRC_URI[md5sum] = "153c8b15a54da428d1f0fadc756c22c7“ SRC_URI[sha256sum] = "9635a44bceb478bbf2ee8a785cf6986fba525afb5fad1fd4bba73cf71f2d3edf“ inherit autotools gettext ……

这是样例“flac_1.2.1.bb”的配方

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什么是程序包？

• 程序包

– 根据配方中的指令创建后输出

– 名字未必(一定)采用与配方一样的名字，但是它们事实上是相关的

– 多个包可以来自同一个配方

– 包含在每个程序包中的具体文件由 FILES_*Variables 控制

• 注意：映像包括程序包，而不是配方

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Hob

图形用户界面（GUI）使得 Yocto Project* 易于使用

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Hob

图形用户界面（GUI）使得 Yocto Project* 易于使用

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Hob

图形用户界面（GUI）使得 Yocto Project* 易于使用

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Hob

图形用户界面（GUI）使得 Yocto Project* 易于使用

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集成开发环境（IDE）支持：Eclipse*

Eclipse* 插件和用户空间工具套件产品进一步提高开发人员的生产率

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演示

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议程

• 什么是 Yocto Project*? • 采用演示实例深入探讨 Yocto Project* • Yocto Project 内核与 LTSI 内核 • Yocto Project 规范计划 • 数字标牌技术案例研究

• Yocto Project 发行版 1.4版本特色

• 总结

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Yocto Project* 内核开发

• 我们试图尽可能开发上游

• Yocto Project* 的两个主要进展：

– 内核特性：补丁和配置碎片作为功能块进行管理(支持重用)

– 分支工具：可选的 Per-BSP git 分支定义特定机器的内核源。工具收集相关的内核特性生成内核源。

• 结果：

– 对于某个给定的BSP，可以打开/关闭一批功能

– 重用—更少的代码重复

– 更容易基于特性选择某个配置

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LTSI：行业管理的内核

• 长期支持计划(LTSI)，每年定义共同的内核并且保持2年

• 因此，从上游得到的缺陷/安全性补丁会自动应用于LTSI • LTSI 内核 = 长期 + 额外的补丁

• 2年期满之后，可能接管进行长期维护

• LTSI 通过邮件列表、开放研讨会和总结会议，提供了在业界分享信息和经验的场所

• 共享信息降低了开发成本

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采用 LTSI 内核的 Yocto Project*

Yocto Project* 和 LTSI 已经宣布联合路线图(2012年8月28日)

• Yocto Project 在10月25日发布 V1.3 版本 而且它包括 Linux* 3.4 内核支持

• 接下来的 V1.4 版本将支持 LTSI 3.4，以及最近发布的内核。时间初步定于 2013 年的上半年

• 后续版本的 Yocto 都将保持支持最近的主流内核和LTSI

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议程

• 什么是 Yocto Project*? • 采用演示实例深入探讨 Yocto Project* • Yocto Project 内核与 LTSI 内核

• Yocto Project 规范计划 • 数字标牌技术案例研究

• Yocto Project 发行版 1.4版本特色

• 总结

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Yocto Project* 规范计划

• 业务部门通过注册他们的产品和组件与Yocto Project*相兼容，可以说明其互操作性

• 公司通过注册为参与者，可以表示其目标和方向与Yocto Project 相一致

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议程

• 什么是 Yocto Project*? • 采用演示实例深入探讨 Yocto Project* • Yocto Project 内核与 LTSI 内核

• Yocto Project 规范计划 • 数字标牌技术案例研究

• Yocto Project 发行版 1.4版本特色

• 总结

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简化定制开发

• 面临的挑战 – 开发和定制嵌入式Linux*，实现交钥匙数字标牌解决方案，从而可以在这个

快速增长的市场上有效面对多种多样的互动需求，从容竞争

• Yocto Project*… – 将 QNAP* 从众多低级任务中解脱出来，这些低级任务均与创建定制的

Linux 操作系统和BSP 相关

– 允许 QNAP 关注核心竞争力和增值功能

– 使公司能够支持其全系列的数字标牌系统，实现一流硬件的性能和能源效率效益

• 结果 – 大幅优化上市时间和开发成本，将一个新硬件系统的上市时间从一个月减少到

只有两到三天

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参考数字标牌设计 • Meta-web-kiosk 层请参见

https://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/meta-web-kiosk/

• 根据 Yocto Project* 构建的 Poky Linux* 发行版

• 支持 HTML5 并且基于 webkit 的 Midori* 浏览器

• 在 web kiosk client 和 manager 之间安全的 ssh 连接

• kiosk manager 控制交互式视听内容以及在不同的client上播放多长时间，什么时间播放

• 欲播放的内容可以在任何地方播出

请莅临我们的展会展位，获取更多信息

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有关层的最佳实践

所构建的系统是由层组成的

英特尔提供的已验证平台BSP

数字标牌专用层 平台补丁/专用 App/UX

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议程

• 什么是 Yocto Project*? • 采用演示实例深入探讨 Yocto Project* • Yocto Project 内核与 LTSI 内核

• Yocto Project 规范计划 • 数字标牌技术案例研究 • Yocto Project 发行版 1.4版本特色

• 总结

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发行版本1.3和1.4的特性

EFI 支持 Bitbake 测试工具

Eclipse* Juno 支持

性能改进

Systemtap

普遍支持Multilib Web hob

Wayland 支持

Zypper/ smart

Hob 特性

和可用性增强

性能改进

更多 init 系统

还有更多会引入

35

介绍 Intel® System Studio

Debuggers

System Application

Analyzers

Power & Performance

Memory & Thread errors

Compiler and Libraries

C/C++ Compiler

Signal, Media, Data & Math Processing

运行Linux* 的系统与应用程序代码 JTAG Interface

嵌入式或移动系统

集成的软件工具套件,提供深度系统范围的认识来帮助: 加速上市的时间

加强系统的可靠性

提高功率效率和性能

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Minnowboard 基于英特尔® 架构的开发板

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Minnowboard – 板规格

俯视图 4 x 4 英寸

Category Feature Notes

平台 处理器 Intel® Atom™ processor E640 (1GHz, 32bit)

芯片组 Intel® Platform Controller Hub EG20T

内存 1 GB DDR2 RAM

系统内存

4 MB SPI Flash

系统固件

视频 Intel® Graphics Media Accelerator 600 with Intel® Embedded Media and Graphics Driver

SDVO to DVI (over HDMI connector)

http://www.minnowboard.org

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议程

• 什么是 Yocto Project*? • 采用演示实例深入探讨 Yocto Project* • Yocto Project 内核与 LTSI 内核

• Yocto Project 规范计划 • 数字标牌技术案例研究 • Yocto Project 发行版 1.4版本特色

• 总结

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总结 • Yocto Project* 提供了：

– 构建系统

– 内容

– 开发人员体验

• 它不是一个嵌入式 Linux 发行版 – 它为您创建一个自定义的版本

– Yocto Project 让您定制您的嵌入式 Linux 操作系统

– Yocto Project 帮助确立嵌入式应用程序开发人员 – 设备和应用软件开发模型均可以支持

• 起步很容易

– 立即下载软件

– 要使用 Yocto Project，确保您读过 Quick Start 以设置您的系统

– 在 QEMU* 或真正的硬件上进行构建、测试，开发应用程序

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加入社区

• # 在 freenode.irc.net 上的 yocto – http://www.yoctoproject.org – http://wiki.yoctoproject.org

• 通过公共邮件列表进行开发： – yocto@yoctoproject.org,

poky@yoctoproject.orghttp://lists.yoctoproject.org – openembedded-core@lists.openembedded.org

• Git 代码库

– git://git.yoctoproject.org – git://git.openembedded.org

• 错误报告和特性请求可以通过 – http://bugzilla.yoctoproject.org

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行动倡议：快速紧跟 Yocto Project*

• 参观展会展位E102，了解 QNAP*/meta-web-kiosk 演示

• 查看教程视频: http://vimeo.com/36450321 • 查看20多个 Yocto Project* BSP 的列表，这些 BSP 目前支持英特尔嵌入式架构(将会出现更多)，地址为： www.yoctoproject.org

• 试用 Yocto Project

• 加入 Yocto Project 社区，立即开始做出贡献

在一起，我们可以塑造未来的智能互联系统

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