Enjoy

Daniel

2008 5 25

ATLAS.ti

- i -

- ii -

A Study of Thought Control and School Life in Public

Elementary Schools During the Japanese Colonial Period

in Chiayi, Taiwan

Yuan-Long Tsai

Graduate Institute of Elementary and Secondary Education

National Chiayi University

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate thought control and school life in

public elementary schools during Japanese colonial period in Chiayi, Taiwan. The

study first divides the Japanese colonial period into a non-assimilative period, an

assimilative period, and the Kominka period. It then adopts the oral history of

seventeen public elementary school teachers as the primary sources of datum, assisted

by written documents of the times. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis software

ATLAS.ti is used for coding, categorization, and management of datum. The study

reports the following conclusions:

1. There were many more teachers of Japanese nationality than Taiwanese nationality

during the two periods, but female teachers of Taiwanese nationality increased

towards the end of the Second World War. Because of Japanese teachers more

advanced Japanese-language ability, typically teachers of Japanese nationality

served posts in higher grades, while teachers of Taiwanese nationality served posts

- iii -

in lower grades. Implementation of widespread use of the Japanese language

beyond school grounds was incomplete, largely because teachers of Taiwanese

nationalities and Taiwanese children spoke Taiwanese in the home.

2. With regards to curriculum and instruction, very few of the surveyed parties felt

militarism was heavily represented in the curriculum content, and these were only

during the Kominka period. Teaching methods during the assimilative period were

centered on rote learning, but became more integrated during the Kominka period.

3. Unlike other areas, Chiayi county had no statues on campuses to represent

ideologies. Only Chengwen Elementary School and Tatung Elementary School

had school anthems during the latter two periods. However, patriotism was

obvious during both periods. Toward the end of the Kominka period, teachers

and students were required to wear national uniforms and to sing military songs

in order to recognize the Japans dire situation.

4. Jin-ja rituals and ideologies were prevalent during the latter two periods until

American planes bombed Taiwan.

5. Both Japanese and Taiwanese teachers loved the Taiwanese students, but some

teachers of Taiwanese nationality resisted Japanese hegemony with armed love

through hidden protest, living on a razors edge. In contrast, teachers of Japanese

nationality searched for emotional and psychological reinforcement.

Key wordsAssimilative Period, Kominka Period, Oral History, Jin-Ja, Armed Love, Hidden Protest

- iv -

v

iii

v

ix

1

1

3

4

5

7

7

12

23

29

29

33

35

42

- v -

47

47

50

61

75

75

76

121

136

143

151

151

158

197

227

230

243

247

247

- vi -

258

262

262

265

3-1 265

3-2 266

3-3 267

3-4 268

3-5 269

3-6 273

3-7 280

3-8 281

4-1 282

4-2 282

4-3

283

4-4 284

4-5 284

4-6 285

- vii -

4-7 286

4-8 287

4-9 6 288

4-10 4 290

4-11 8 290

4-12 293

5-1 1-12 289

6-1 294

6-2 296

6-3 297

6-4 298

6-5 300

8-1 302

8-2 303

- viii -

- ix -

2-1 26

3-1 31

3-2 31

4-1 51

5-1 129

- 1 -

1927

1975 1939 1999

2005 1978 1943

1979

2002

2003 1992 1983 1993

1987 1988

1986 1990 1997a20012002a

2002b 1994 1996 1979 2008

19932006b 1996

2000 ideology

- 2 -

1986 1990 1997a

2001 2002a 2002b 1996 1979

1993 2006b 1996

oral history

2005

2007 2008

- 3 -

1919-1936

1937-1945

1919-1936

1937-1945

1919-1936 1937-1945

- 4 -

1935b 1937 1939

1898

31 10 1 7 28

- 5 -

1939 1941 2 29 3

26

4 1

1943

1978

1 2

3

4

112

1979 1946

1 1941 2 3 4

- 6 -

1980

1895-1918

external cri t icism internal cr i t icism

1919-1936 1937-1945

- 7 -

state colony

correspondence

symbolic violence

Harker, Mahar, & Wilkes, 1990

1919-1936 1937-1945

state apparatuses

- 8 -

1917 Vladimir Lenin 1870-1924

The State and Revolution

1949 7

Louis Althusser 1918-1990

1990Althusser

1990

Althusser Karl Marx 1818-1883

Althusser

repressive stateapparatuses

Marx

ideological state apparatuses Althusser

Marx

marxism

2003 Althusser

- 9 -

Althusser

Althusser

1990

2007

1937

1989

Althusser

5 6

1990

5 Al thusser

1990

6 Al thusser 1990

- 10 -

Althusser

Althusser

1990 Althusser

Antonio Gramsci 1891-1937 Gramsci

7 2004

Althusser

1990 Althusser

7 Marx Georg Hegel 1770-1831

Hegel Hegel 2005

- 11 -

2000

2006

Young, 1971 Althusser Lenin

2003

2003

2004

1898 31

Apple, 1990

- 12 -

1999

2002

hidden curriculum

2004 1914

3

1943

Apple, 1990

Bowles Gintis

- 13 -

1989 347

track

2004

1996

2002

1996

- 14 -

Dahrendorf 1969

2002

AronowitzGiroux 1987

transformative intellectuals

crit ical intellectuals accommodating

intellectuals hegemonic intellectuals

Giroux 1988

2004

2005 Freire

Pedagogy of the oppressed

Freire 1973

- 15 -

Freire

2006 .

1991 1992

1994 1996 1996

1997 1997

Freire 1998

social f ields

- 16 -

Anderson 1996

anti-intellectual orientation

2005

euphemistic

Giroux

- 17 -

2004

1988 93

Scott 1990

everyday forms of resistance

2000

- 18 -

1997 124

2002 Giroux

1995

1991

1992 1994 1996

1997 1996 1997

2005

- 19 -

1995 77

1996 84-85

- 20 -

1996 153

Gandhi

2000

1996 74

- 21 -

1996 13

1992 16-17

Kanpol Anyon

2004

- 22 -

1996

59-60

1996 11

,

- 23 -

1996 70

1927

1927

1895-1898 1898-1907

1907-1919 1919-1922

- 24 -

1922-1930 1939

1898-1919 1922-1941

1943 1941

1898-1919 1922-1937

1937-1941 Tsurumi

1895-1907

1907-1919 1919-1922 1922-1945

1999

1983

1895-1919 1919-1937

1937-1945 1983

1895-1907

1907-1919 1919-1922

1922-1941 1941-1945

1988

1895-1919 1919-1937

1937-1945 1987

1895-1919

1919-1937 1937-1945 1990

- 25 -

1895-1919 1919-1937

1937-1945 1992

(1895-1898 )

1918-1937 1937-1945

1993

1895-1919

1919-1937

1937-1945

2002

1895-1914 1914-1921

1922-1931 1931-1945

2002

1895-1919

1919-1937 1937-1945

2003 1988

1895-1919

1919-1937 1937-1945

2005

1895-1919

1919-1937 1937-1945

- 26 -

2-1

2-1

1898

1907

1919

1922

1931

1937

1941

1945

1895-1898

1898-1907

1907-1919

1919-1922

1922-1930

1930- 1937

1937-1941

1941-1945

1927

1939

1943

1977 Tsurumi

1983

1983

1988

1987

1990

1992

- 27 -

1993

2002

2002

2003

2005

1895-1919

2-1

1895-1907

1910-1919 8

2004

2005b 2006

1895-1918

8 1910 43 12 24 1

2005a 151

- 28 -

2005a

2006 2005

2003

1919-1936

1937-1945

1985 56

1895-1918 1919 8

1919-1936

1937-1945

- 29 -

2005

context

document analysis

1997

voice

1996

- 30 -

1919-1945 snowball

sampling 1919-1945

1997 Ritchi

1997

3-1 3-2

- 31 -

3-1 9

/

84

1944-1945

/

81 1945-1945

/

83 1943-1945

/

85 1943-1945

/

83 1944-1945

/

85

1943-1945

/

91

1941-1945

/

85 1943-1945

/

3-2

/

96 1921-1926

/

9

3-1

- 32 -

/

88 1929-1934

/

89 1928-1933

/

78

1940-1942 (

/

83 1935-1940

38 ( ) /

73 1943-1945

/

83 1933-1938

/

84

1932-1937

/

81 1935-1940

/

85

1931-1937

2

/

85 1932-1938 1

)

/

84 1931-1936

- 33 -

/

81 1934-1936

( )

/

73 1943-1945

/

2006

external cri t icism

internal cri t icism

Ritchie

interviewer interviewee

199734 Ritchie

- 34 -

3-2

3-3 3-4

1 0

3-5

1 0

- 35 -

3-6

1996

2003

2001

- 36 -

2001

ATLAS.ti 5.0

3-3

ATLAS.ti 5.0

- 37 -

ATLAS.ti 5.0

AB

CD

B-1

B-2

B-3

B-4

B-1-1

B-1-2

3-7

ATLAS.ti 5.0

C-1-1

- 38 -

C 1

1

C-1-1

ATLAS.ti 5.0

ATLAS.ti 5.0

1996

ATLAS.ti 5.0

- 39 -

2000

1993

1979 273

1979 Shafer 1990

1979

- 40 -

Shafer

1990

1999 39

- 41 -

1990

1997b 12

1922

11 1930-1932 4

6

- 42 -

document

2003 tr iangulation

LincolnGuba 1985 credibli ty

transferabil i ty confirmabil i ty

dependabili ty

3-8

- 43 -

Lincoln Guba 1985

reflexive journal

- 44 -

member check

C-3-1

Patton

1995

- 45 -

2000

D-4-1

- 46 -

- 47 -

1895-1918

1895 28

1999 1837-1922

1848-1913 1849-1912

1999

1896

591

315 1897 474 1896

263 1992

- 48 -

1983 1895 28 1919

8

2005

2002

1978

1857-1920

1999 1-2

- 49 -

2002

1 1

2005b

20061895

28 4

2005b

1927 2003

1 1

2000

- 50 -

1927

1943

1895-1918

1896

29 1898 31

1895-1918

- 51 -

1895 28 10 22

1939 1896 29 3 31

1938 5 21

4-1

4-1

7 8 12 12 9 7 21 3 24 9 16 35 48 83 11 21 72 58 130 8 20 40 23 63 10 1 35 35 9 10 35 40 75 9 1 23 20 43 9 11 16 13 29 9 1 21 27 48 9 1 1 1 9 1 56 9 65 9 1 9 16 25 9 10 8 19 27 9 10 33 18 51

1938 60-65

1932 1896 29 5 21

1936

- 52 -

2005a

1896 29 9

1927

1936

1896 29 3 31

1938

1 2

1896 29 6 22

1943

4-1

4-2

1939

1 2

- 53 -

4-3

2005b

1936

1896 29 9

1938

1897 30 7 21

1938 1.

2.

2005a

1897 30 10 31

1938

- 54 -

4-4

1901

1897 30 10 16

1939198

4-5 1898 31 7 28

10 1 1939

1905 38

3

2005a

1897 30 3 2

8 1939 1897

30 4 22

1897 30

- 55 -

2005a

1898 31 8 10

1927

4-6

acculturation

1901 103

1901 1989 31 10

1 1917

6 4 1

1919 8

4 2

1919 8

- 56 -

1997 108

culture capital

1898 31 11 6

1939

4-7

1900

33 8

1904

37 3 11

1927 4-8

2005

- 57 -

1905 38

1907 40 2 26

4-9 4-10 4-11 1939

1910 43 12 24

2005a

1912 1

20

11 28

4-12

1898 31

- 58 -

1979

1939 1911

44

1939

2005a

1918

7 3 31

1939

1927

1943

- 59 -

1895-1918 1914

3 4 1

1943

1896

29 9

1938

1937

1978

2006

social mobili ty

1898 31

Tsurumi 1999

- 60 -

1893-1986

1982

15-16

1895-1918

1999

1999

1895-1918

- 61 -

1895-1918

1895-1919

2004

1998

2004

- 62 -

1890 23

1919 8

1922 11

Althusser 1972

1890

23 10 30

- 63 -

1931

1

2006a

1921 10 5 5

1932

2004

2004

1916 5

11

1939 2006a

- 64 -

1919-1936

1921-1934

1928-1933

2002a 12

2007

1997 370-371

- 65 -

2005

1943

2005 2007

2004 76-77

- 66 -

1943 1911

2004

1997 108

1997 108

2004

- 67 -

1 3

1910

2001

1939

1905 38

1 3 1603-1867

1936

- 68 -

1932 37-38

1906 39

1937

1999

2001

1915 4 9 15

1.

2. 3.

1937

- 69 -

1988 11

1986

modality

discourse

2006

11 3

2007

2006

2006a 1912 11 28

- 70 -

1939 302-303

1895-1918

1895-1918

1919-1936

1937-1945

Memmi 1965

- 71 -

1930

2004

2004

1916

2006 148

1932

- 72 -

1932 270

1937 248

1938 107

2004

- 73 -

2004

1936 15

1984

2004

1915 4 10

28 1 4 1936

1 4

- 74 -

1895-1918

1919-1936

- 75 -

1919-1936

1919-1936

1919 8 1937 12

2005

1929

2004

- 76 -

1919 8

2005b

1920 9

2004

2002

1919 8

1922 11

1919-1936

- 77 -

1997 102

C-3-1

- 78 -

C-1-1

B-3-1

D-2-1

1935 12

C-3-1

C-2-1

- 79 -

Warnier

2003 25

1895-1918

D-6-1

()

- 80 -

D-1-1

C-3-1

B-3-1

- 81 -

D-4-1

1939 53

D-4-1

- 82 -

B-4-1

B-3-1

D-6-1

- 83 -

D-4-1

D-2-1

1919-1936

B-3-1

(

)()

D-4-1

1919-1936

- 84 -

D-6-1

B-3-1

D-6-1

D-1-1

- 85 -

B-3-1

B-2-1

1919 8 1 4

4 1

19271923-1936

12 - 11

1 5 1996

1 5

1996

- 86 -

1996 Tsurumi

hidden curriculum

1999

1931

major conveyor

1998

1 6 1996

1923-1937

5-1 Tsurumi

Tsurumi

1999

1956 2003a

1 7

1 6 1996

1901-1913 1913-1923 1923-1937 1937-1941 1941-1945

1 7

- 87 -

D-4-1

B-1-1

- 88 -

B-2-1

B-4-1

B-3-1

D-6-1

1997 117

- 89 -

2001

Apple, 1990Jackson, 1968 spiral

curriculum

2001 1979

2001

1 8

code

1895-1918

B-1-1

1 8

1956

- 90 -

B-4-1

D-2-1

D-1-1

C-1-1

Vygotsky

2003

- 91 -

D-6-1

2003

1922 10

1938

1922a

- 92 -

2003b

1922b

()()

D-6-1

B-3-1

- 93 -

D-2-1

1922 10

2003b

1920 9

2005

B-1-1

- 94 -

D-1-1

D-6-1

()

D-6-1

D-1-1

- 95 -

()

B-4-1

prior knowledge

1978

- 96 -

1996 32

2005

D-6-1

2005

1937-1945

- 97 -

2004

2004

1919-1936

1 9

1997

1999

1 9

1943 1945 1937-1945

- 98 -

B-3-1

B-3-1

D-6-1

1923 11 5 16

2005

1919 8

- 99 -

1978

1967

1929

2004

1930

2005b

1930

1919 8 1922 11

2005b

- 100 -

2005a

427

1939

2007

1920 9

1921 10 4

- 101 -

1919-1936

1919-1936

B-1-1

D-4-1

- 102 -

D-6-1

D-4-1

()

- 103 -

D-4-1

()

D-4-1

- 104 -

()

D-2-1

1919-1936 1937-1945

- 105 -

10

D-4-1

1919-1936

1937-1945

2007

1994

2004

2005 1919-1936

- 106 -

1999 39

2004 12

2 0

2 0

16 1941 16

- 107 -

1994 2004

2005

B-2-1

- 108 -

B-3-1

2005

() B-3-1

- 109 -

(

)

D-6-1

D-6-1

2004

- 110 -

D-6-1

1937-1945

1919-1936

B-2-1

D-6-1

- 111 -

()

B-3-1

1919 8

2005

2004 1930

3-6

1925

1933

1917

1923

1997 108

1921-1926

D-6-1

- 112 -

1994 581931-1935

D-1-1

1931-1936

B-3-1

1919 8

1933 1934

- 113 -

(

)

D-1-1

1997 82

- 114 -

D-6-1

1.

1921 10 12 23

1928

1930 5 9

1. 2.

- 115 -

3.

4.

5. 1939

D-6-1

2 1

1936 15

2 1

- 116 -

D-6-1

1936

1939

1937-1945

2.

- 117 -

1915 4 6 17

1955

1925 14 6

1929 4 3

1955

A-1-1

1932 6 9 1

1932 6 10 1 1934

8 10 16 1936

2 2 2 3

1932 1935a 1936

2 2 2 3 1933 7 10 30

1936

- 118 -

1936

B-3-1

A-1-1

B-2-1

- 119 -

B-2-1

1999

1933 8

1937-1945

1919-1936

1996

- 120 -

1925 14

1926 1926 15

1936 11

1895-1918

1919

8

- 121 -

1919-1936

1919-1936

1895-1918 1912

11 28

1819-1936

- 122 -

D-2-1

B-3-1

1943

D-6-1

2007

- 123 -

2004

2004 1937

()

C-1-1

()

D-2-1

B-1-1

- 124 -

2 4

B-3-1

1921-1926

D-6-1 1929-1934

()()

()

()

()

B-2-1

1919-1936

2 4

- 125 -

B-2-1

1919-1936

2006a

()

B-2-1

()

- 126 -

D-6-1

B-3-1

(

) ()

(

)()

( )

D-6-1

- 127 -

B-1-1

1919 1900

2006

(

)

()

- 128 -

D-6-1

2006a

2007

D-4-1

2 5

2 5

- 129 -

2005

2006

2007

B-3-1

D-1-1

D-6-1

2007

5-1

5-1

1 1

2 11

- 130 -

11 3 10 31 4 29

11 3 6 17

20 53

2007 110

()

B-4-1

D-6-1

10 11

10 11

2004

- 131 -

D-4-1

10D-4-1

2006

- 132 -

B-1-1

D-6-1

B-3-1

- 133 -

B-4-1

2004 2004

2004

D-6-1

B-3-1

- 134 -

2004

2004 1919-1936

1931 6 10 26 29 28

9

2004

B-4-1

- 135 -

1978

2004

1934 9 10 2628 1934

9 10 27 28

27 28 7

2004

D-6-1

1919 -1936

- 136 -

1919-1936

2004

B-1-1

- 137 -

B-1-1

2003

1920

1921-1926

D-6-1 1929-1934

B-2-1

- 138 -

1928 1939

1988 1940

1939-1940

2 6

1935 1939 1920

2005 7 8

GO 2 7 2006 4 14 2 8

1928 3

2004 1999

2 6 1940-1943

1936

2 7 2005 2008 2 29 ht tp : / /140.111 .34 .116/o ld /149/school .h tm

2 8 2006 2008 2 29 ht tp : / / educat ion . f tv.com. tw/conten t .php? id=98

- 139 -

D-6-1

D-4-1

1998

1928 3

2004

- 140 -

1969

A-1-1

2004

1923 3

1945 3

1919-1936

- 141 -

2004 16

1917 6

1988 6

D-2-1

- 142 -

1998 81

D-6-1

2005

- 143 -

1919-1936

1919-1936

Freire 1998

armed love

2002

- 144 -

B-2-1

culture capital

B-2-1

2001

- 145 -

1919-1936

- 146 -

non-physical rewards

B-2-1

1999 104

110

- 147 -

2005 205

1996 191

- 148 -

B-2-1

B-4-1

- 149 -

1997 117

B-2-1

1937-1945

- 150 -

- 151 -

1937-1945

1940 15 1883-1970

1993 1942 1941

16 4 2 9

2 9 1940 15

2006b

- 152 -

2005a

1944

2005

2006b

2005a

1943

1942

1937

3 0

3 0 Binns , P. & Clemmow, R. Producer, Moore , S . Direc tor. 2005. Japans war

in co lour [Mot ion p ic ture] . Uni ted Sta tes : TWI/Car l ton Product ion .

- 153 -

2005

3 1 1940 15

1940

1940

1907-2000

2005 9

Albert Bandura

1925- 2003

3 1

1940

- 154 -

1939 53

2006

1940

2004

1978

1934

9 5 1937

12 4

1997

1937

12 2

- 155 -

2002c

2 21 6 17

1942 172

11

50 1942

1997

2006b

1997 25

- 156 -

social mobili ty

1997 2006b 1983 2002c

1905 28

1926 1

3 2 1930 5

2006b

1967 2004

3 2

2006b

- 157 -

1997

1940 15 2

11 2600

1940

2005

18 194026

1940

1940

3 3 3 4

3 3 2007 10 23 ht tp : / /zh .wik ipedia .org /

wiki /%E6%9E%97%E9%87%91%E7%94%9F 3 4 2007 10 23 ht tp : / /m2.ssps

. tpc .edu . tw/~sun/1-1 .h tm

- 158 -

1997

1907-2000

1947

2005 6

1944 19 1

2006b 1944

19 9

2000

1937-1945

- 159 -

1937-1945

1919-1936

1942 17 1943 18

()

()

()D-5-1

C-5-1 1942

- 160 -

17 4 1

D-3-1

B-2-1

1943

C-7-1

D-1-1

- 161 -

C-3-1

C-6-1

1997 111

- 162 -

2000 193-194

C-2-1

D-3-1

()C-3-1

1937-1945

1937 12 1 15

B-2-1

C-1-1

1919-1936

- 163 -

A-1-1

A-1-1

()()

A-1-1

3 5

A-1-1

B-3-1

1937-1945

3 5

- 164 -

D-5-1

()

C-6-1

A-1-1

- 165 -

192033

A-1-1

Scott 1990

- 166 -

C-1-1

A-1-1

C-2-1

A-1-1

C-1-1

A-1-1

A-1-1

1937 12 7 7

1 15

- 167 -

1939388

1941 16 2 29 3 26

4 1 1943

1978

3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 0

1991

6-1 6-2

6-3 6-4 6-5

2005a

1943

3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 0

- 168 -

2003

1941 16 4 1

2006 1943 18 3 23

1943 1943 18 4 1

3 23

1943

2005b

1986

- 169 -

1943 18 3 23

1940 13

2006

1986

2001 24

- 170 -

1943

15

2006b 17

2002b 1943

1942 4

2002a

1986

EQEQB-1-1

2004 16

- 171 -

(B-1-1)

()

D-5-1

B-1-1

1996

- 172 -

2003

1996

1996

4 1

C-1-1

A-1-1

C-2-1

A-1-1

B-3-1

4 1

1996

- 173 -

C-5-2

C-6-1

1919-1936

1937-1945

2003

1943 18

- 174 -

C-7-1

()(

)()A-1-1

( )

C-2-1

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(

)

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( )

A-1-1

1937 12

- 176 -

4 2

1978

C-1-1

C-2-1

A-1-1

( )

4 2

- 177 -

A-1-1

1999 1941 16

1994

1941 16

- 178 -

1997 116

1937 12

2004

- 179 -

B-1-1

1919-1936

1919-1936

1937-1945

2004 114

- 180 -

C-1-1

C-1-1

12

C-5-1

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()

C-1-1

2006b

()

C-1-1

B-1-1

B-1-1

B-1-1

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B-1-1

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1941 16

A-1-1

- 183 -

2001 24-25

20

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- 184 -

1937-1945

C-2-1

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193914

194217

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- 185 -

2004

2005 1919-1936

2004 12

1937-1945

4 3

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D-1-1

()

C-3-1

C-1-1

C-1-1

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A-1-1

C-1-1

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1919-1936

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()

D-1-1

()

C-5-1

D-1-1

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1943

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1997108

1943

1945

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2004133

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- 190 -

()

()

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2001 24

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D-1-1

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C-3-1

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2005

2004 4 4

4 5 4 6 2005

D-1-1

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2001

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1937

12 9

1998

1. 2.

3. 4.

1938

1939 14

1940

1941 16 1

12 30

1942 2 26

1942

- 193 -

2001 57

2001

- 194 -

D-5-1

1936 1945

2001 24

C-5-2

- 195 -

2001 24

1937-1945

A-1-1

1937-1945

1942

17 1943 18

1.

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2.

1941 16

1937-1945

1937-1945

1940

15 1943

- 197 -

1937-1945

1937-1945

1937-1945

4 7

2004 1943

18

1937 1942

1937-1945

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2004

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(

)

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1941

2007

2007

1944

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2004 1919-1936

1940

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C-6-1

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()

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)

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1990

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1997

(A-1-1)

(A-1-1)

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- 206 -

C-5-1

1937-1945

C-5-1

2004

D-3-1

C-1-1

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2007 647

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C-2-1

C-1-1

2002b

2004 1942

1992

B-2-1

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B-3-1

2006b

1937 12

1937a

1937b

1997 85

1938 13 6 28

- 210 -

/ /

1997 87

1919-1936

1937 12

1997 40

1992

1936 11

1937 12 1941

16

- 211 -

1988 93

A-1-1

1937 12

C-2-1

2004

- 212 -

1940 15

D-5-1

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(B-2-1)

- 213 -

2001 1942 17 1 18

1942 17 12

24

2004

1944 19

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1 3 1 5 2 20

4 3 4 29 10 17

11 3 11 23 12 25

1942

1931

1986 1942 17

- 214 -

2004

12 27 28

2004

B-3-1 10

30C-1-1

1028

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(

- 215 -

)

( )

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4 9

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10 28

4 9

- 216 -

1997 176

()

(

)

()

C-5-1

B-2-1

- 217 -

1937 12

2004 1933 8

B-4-1

1937 12

B-3-1

2002

- 218 -

C-7-1

B-3-1

A-1-1

2002

2002

- 219 -

2002

1992

2003

1997b 25

1997

279

- 220 -

2004

1997

1997

335

1997 442

1979

1997b 20

1997 174

- 221 -

1983

2001 24

- 222 -

B-4-1

D-3-1

C-1-1

- 223 -

D-7-1

()

D-3-1

- 224 -

2007 1

B-3-1

C-6-2

- 225 -

C-7-1

2002

C-7-1

- 226 -

A-1-1

A-1-1

C-3-1

()

A-1-1

- 227 -

1937-1945

2005

1940

15 2600 2600

2600

1919-1936

2600

2006b

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A-1-1

A-1-1

C-1-1

C-6-1

B-2-1

D-1-1

2600

1937-1945

- 229 -

C-5-1

D-3-1

1937

1998

C-5-1

- 230 -

B-2-1

1998

2600

1937-1945

1937-1945

- 231 -

1943

1997

1919-1936

govermet contempt Freire,

1998

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- 232 -

C-3-1

emancipation

Anyon 1981

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- 233 -

Freire

C-3-1

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- 234 -

C-1-1

2002

- 235 -

5 0

C-3-15 1

()

()

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- 236 -

()

()

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A-1-1

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()

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(

)

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1919-1936

- 240 -

2001 23-24

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C-6-1

1997 110

- 241 -

- 242 -

2002a 19962003 1996

2006b

1941 16

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1940

- 244 -

- 245 -

- 246 -

1992

1978 27 3 1-102

2002

10 131-158

2005

1991

1992

1994

1995

1996

1999

1955

1997

2006 2008

2 29 http:/ /education.ftv.com.tw/content.php?id=98

2003 6 164-171

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249-269

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- 247 -

1980

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301-328

1983

8

2000

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258-288

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105-158

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38 1 1-24

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1998

1983

2005a

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2005b

1990

1997

1979

1982

2006

4 62-83

1978

79-92

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4 2 7-53

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2001

8 2 1-63

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1-12

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77-125

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59-77

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10 1 33-84

2007

2004 1 63-67

1996

2005

/ / /

1992 1895-1945

2003

2004

2005

29 4-9

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2006

16 109-128

2003

1999

2005 --

15 29-58

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48 2 157-198

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2007

2 3-14

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1984

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2004

1993

2005

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2002 103

88-100

2000

2001

16 225-285

1999

1996

2003

2000

1 25-58

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109-146

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27 6 111-113

2005 2008 2

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2003

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221-270

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27-45

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2001

14 141-162

2002

11 295-318

1994

1996

46 1 63-93

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2005

2002

48 4 27-52

2005

/

2002

1895-1987

1997

37-41

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2003 1920~1970

2000

2004

2005

1992

2007 57 3

69-101

2007

2005

/

2006

1987

1985 1895-1915

23 1 56

2006

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2003

1996

2002

1997

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2007 10 23

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2001

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2000

2004

2007

2003 2008

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1999

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1991

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1-19

2004

5 50-83

1996

46 3 15-67

1979 12

87-111

1997

2003

2006

71 18-30

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59 1 74-81

2008

19 17 2008 1 4

80

1994

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18 1-12

1997

1993

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2001

12 141-153

2004

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2006a 2

113-155

2006b

2005

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1988

2004

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2000 16

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2007

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1994 :

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2004

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2005

1998 27 2

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2000

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1940 24224-27

1975

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1937

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1937b 8 21 /

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1988

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2004

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1993

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1927

1922a

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1922b

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1943

1988

1987

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1997

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3-1

1898 31

1900 33

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- 265 -

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- 280 -

3-8

________________ ( )

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- 281 -

4-1 5 3

18

16

18

16

34 34

1939 172

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11

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9

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4

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1939 232-233

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1939 271-272

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- 289 -

1939 282-283

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- 292 -

1939 285-286

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3

3

3

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26

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- 293 -

36-37 40-41

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1943 460-461

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1943 463-465

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1943 467-469

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- 301 -

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1920

1935 1939 2005

7 8 GO 2006 4 14

2004

- 302 -

8-2

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