Zarah S. Royo Socialism)

8/3/2019 Zarah S. Royo Socialism)

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SocialismPresented By:Zarah S. Royo


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Socialism refers to any one ofvarious theories of economicorganization advocating state or

cooperative ownership andadministration of the means ofproduction and distribution of goods,and a society characterized by

equal opportunities/means for allindividuals with a more egalitarianmethod of compensation.


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Karl Marx posited that socialism(the disappearance of class and the

state) would be achieved via classstruggle and a proletarian revolutionafter a transitional stage from

capitalism called the Dictatorship ofthe proletariat.


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Economically, socialism denotesan economic system of state

ownership and/or worker ownershipof the means of production anddistribution.


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It is often thought that the idea ofsocialism derives from the work ofKARL MARX. In fact, Marx wrote only afew pages about socialism, as either amoral or a practical blueprint forsociety. The true architect of a socialist

order was Lenin, who first faced thepractical difficulties of organizing aneconomic system without the drivingincentives of profit seeking or the self-

generating constraints of COMPETITION.


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Lenin began from the long-standingdelusion that economic organizationwould become less complex once theprofit drive and the market mechanismhad been dispensed withas self-evident, he wrote, as the

extraordinarily simple operations ofwatching, recording, and issuingreceipts, within the reach of anybodywho can read and write and knows the

first four rules of arithmetic.


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Henri de Saint Simon, the firstindividual to coin the term socialism,

was the original thinker whoadvocated technocracy andindustrial planning. The first

socialists predicted a worldimproved by harnessing technologyand combining it with better socialorganization, and manycontemporary socialists share this


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Early socialist thinkers tended tofavor an authentic meritocracycombined with rational social planning,while many modern socialists have amore egalitarian approach. Socialistsadvocate the creation of a society inwhich wealth and power aredistributed more evenly based on theamount of work expended inproduction, although there is

considerable disagreement amongsocialists over how and to what extent


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The English word socialism(1839) derives from the French

socialisme (1832), the mainstreamintroduction of which usage isattributed, in France, to Pierre

Leroux and to Marie Roch LouisReybaud; and in Britain to RobertOwen in 1827, father of thecooperative movement.


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"Socialism cannot exist without achange in consciousness resulting

in a new fraternal attitude towardhumanity, both at an individual level,within the societies where socialism

is being built or has been built, andon a world scale, with regard to allpeoples suffering from imperialist

oppression."-Che Guevara Marxist revolutionar


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Marxist and non-Marxist socialtheorists agree that socialism

developed in reaction to modernindustrial capitalism, but disagreeon the nature of their relationship.mile Durkheim posits that

socialism is rooted in the desire tobring the state closer to the realm ofindividual activity, in countering theanomie of a capitalist society.


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In socialism, Max Weber sawacceleration of the rationalization

started in capitalism. As a critic ofsocialism, he warned that placingthe economy entirely in the state's

bureaucratic control would result inan "iron cage of future bondage".


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Characteristics of socialism

government ownership of resources

other than labor centralized economic decision-making


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Decentralized, worker-managed economicsystems. Cooperative economy, a largely free market economy

in which workers manage the firms and democraticallydetermine remuneration levels and labor divisions.Productive resources would be legally owned by the

cooperative and rented to the workers, who wouldenjoy usufruct rights. Participatory economics, wherein the economy is

planned by decentralized councils of workers andconsumers. Workers would be remunerated solelyaccording to effort and sacrifice, so that those engaged

in dangerous, uncomfortable, and strenuous workwould receive the highest incomes and could therebywork less.

Some Marxists and anarcho-communists also proposea worker-managed economy based on workerscouncils, however in anarcho-communism, workers areremunerated according to their needs (which arelargely self-determined in an anarcho-communists stem .


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Socialismdefined as a centrallyplanned economy in which the governmentcontrols all means of productionwas thetragic failure of the twentieth century. Born

of a commitment to remedy the economicand moral defects of CAPITALISM, it has farsurpassed capitalism in both economicmalfunction and moral cruelty. Yet the idea

and the ideal of socialism linger on. Whethersocialism in some form will eventually returnas a major organizing force in human affairsis unknown, but no one can accurately

appraise its prospects who have not takeninto account the dramatic story of its rise


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SocialismPresented By:Zarah S. Royo

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Zarah S. Royo Socialism)