zfèct rfmDl zft-IfƒpD zft-mflfbD New... · jvf. sp bfmfsp ydvÛ oEb rq bf, sn bfmfp sjht ˆj iajfv hAfqfm rq. sp pfjfsk idhÛkf zfsn bf, sn pfjfk sjht hAq jvf rq. sp svfpfq ydvÛ

n¤ydvÛkf W yfdvdÛj ÈBfhtD 1

zfèct rfmDl zft-IfƒpD zft-mflfbD


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zsbAv dbje ˆmb zsbj jmG ncydvÛhfsbv zfyvB rsk ifsv, dj§Â iajxkis[ ˆjub mcndtsmv ubA kf n¤ydvÛkfv dblwGb bfW rsk ifsv. spsrkc mcndtsmv n¤ydvÛkf kfv md²À°jianCk bq, kfv n¤ydvÛkf öqQ nxdójkGf sKsj zfok zfstfv …Ï¶t v™isvJf.

mcndtm uDhsbv jmGfhtDsj Hfo jvst slJf pfsh, kfsk vsqsY mrfb iadkiftsjv ƒhflk hf …ifnbf, vsqsY hAhrfdvj uDhsb k]fv zfbcokA W dbôf ˆhQ vsqsY njstv nfsK iasqfospfoA nc¦lv ydvÛ. ksh db}ns¦lsr htsk ifvf pfq sp, ƒntfsmv njt zfmt W ƒhflskv mfsUƒ dbdrk vsqsY n¤ydvÛkfv iadw[B W nlfyfdvkfv hdr}iajfw. ˆƒ ubA ˆjub dbôfhfb iajxk mcndtm rq ydvÛhfb dwð, ydvÛhfb djswfv-djswfvD, ydvÛhfb kv¢B-kv¢BD hf pchj-pchkD, ydvÛhfb öfmD-²ÃD, ydvÛhfb dikfmfkf ˆhQ ydvÛhfb n§Àfb-n§Àdk.

mcndtm rq ydvÛhfb dw[j, ydvÛhfb YfÛ, ydvÛhfb yfND, ydvÛhfb yfjcsv, ydvÛhfb hAhnfqD, ydvÛhfb FfÙÁfv, ydvÛhfb ƒdÓdbqfv, ydvÛhfb sbkf, ydvÛhfb uboB, ˆj jKfq ydvÛhfb mfbcN.

bfvD rsq ydvÛhkD rq, nkD-nfL¶D rq, nc¦lv hAhrfsvv zdLjfdvBD rq. h[mfB ic²Àsj ydvsÛv bfbf dlj dbsq zfstfybf jvf rsqsY. ƒntfmD

ydvsÛv ˆjde v™isvJf siw jvf rsqsY. mrfb zfïfrv jfsY zfwf, zfmfslv iahDB-iahDBf W bhDb-bhDbfvf ˆJfb sKsj zfstfv dUdtj ifshb.

k]fv dbje iafKGbf, dkdb spb zfmfslvsj ydvÛhfb hfbfb. zfmDb. dhbDk---

zfèct rfmDl zft-IfƒpD zft-mflfbD zft-mfumfzfr, n†lD zfvh 19/5/1437, 27/2/2016


nCdyiÛ

ydvÛ dbsq zfstfybf sjb? 1 n¤ydvÛkfv zKG 7 n¤ydvÛkfv mfrfk¹A 8 iajxdk W ydvÛ 15 mfbcsNv ydvsÛv dj idvhkGb rsk ifsv? 19 ncydvÛ rt äDsbv zfk¹f 22 ncydvÛ W „mfb 24 ydvÛ oEsb ƒhflskv HCdmjf 27 mrfbhD �-ˆv ydvÛ 32 ntIslv ncydvsÛv jdkiq bmcbf 35 n¤ydvÛkf iafKGbfv lczf 37 n¤ydvÛkfv mCtnCÛ 39 nlfyvBfhtD

1. kfj¶Wqf 41 2. dhbq 42 3. …lfvkf 51 4. ndròckf 60 5. ³LpGwDtkf 62 6. [mfwDtkf 67 7. tÏfwDtkf 74 8. lqfûGkf 79 9. bmakf 80 10. hlfbAkf 84 11. jxkÎkf 86 12. zdLjfv zflfq 95 13. zf§Àdvjkf 96 14. nmfstfyjsj …si[f 98 15. zfk¹nmfstfybf 102 16. zfmfbk zflfq jvf 104 17. …irfv dhdbmq 105 18. ivfKGivkf 106 19. zá i[ifdkk¶ huGb 108 20. Hfstf jfsu nrspfdokf 110


21. nrmdmGkf 111 22. drkfjfd£[kf 112 23. iv±iv …islw dhdbmq 114 24. zfïfrv Wqfs²À Hfstfhfnf W OxBf jvf 116 25. n{ jfsu zfslw W zn{ jfsu hfLflfb 118 26. zfïfrv dlsj lfWqfk 119 27. drjmk zhtìb 120 28. …{jxó äfvf m¦l iadkrk jvf 123 29. slfN Tfjf 128�30. nfrdnjkf W hDvk¶ 130 31. nkAhfdlkf 133 32. jKfq ncydvÛkf 135 33. nc¦lv jKf htf 138 34. ndá²¿fib 139 35. bAfqivfqBkf 141 36. nHA sifwfj idvLfb 144 37. „NGfhÙf 145 38. lxdó-nQpm 148 39. tÏf²¿fsbv drIfpk 150 40. spZb n¤ydvÛkf 153 41. zflwGhÙf 158 42. zs¬i kcdó 160 43. idhÛkf W idv¤Yâkf 162 44. iadkwa¢dk iftb 166 45. zbKGj jKf W jfu huGb 173 46. zfk¹iawQnf W skfNfml huGb 175 47. hVslvsj waÝf W sYfeslvsj snr 178�48. iakcAÙsv nlfyfv 179 49. ncLfvBf 182 50. vdnjkf 184 51. mcydj rfdn 185 52. rfdnmcsJ nf[f{ 186 53. dtïfrD ëfkxk¶ iadkôf W äDbD Hfƒsqv dpqfvk 187 54. smrmfsbv n©mfb jvf 192 55. zfk¹Dqkfv háb hufq vfJf 193 56. msbv nc²¿kf 199


57. zfïfrv isK db¦lcsjv db¦lfsj …si[f 201 58. vfo lmb 203 59. jólfsb dhvk Kfjf 205 60. zisvv iasqfub iCvB 209 61. isvfijfdvkf 211 62. lfsbv iadklfb 213 63. yfdvdÛj nfljfr 215 64. jdkiq nfLfvB n¤ydvÛkfv jmG 217 65. ydvÛhfsbv jvBDq W huGbDq zfsvf djYc jfu 224

n¤ydvÛkfv idvdL 226 1. dbsuv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf 228 2. zfïfrv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf 228 3. dikfmfkfv nfsK nlfyvB 229 4. n§Àfsbv nfsK nlfyvB 236 5. öfmDv nfsK näAhrfv 239 6. ²ÃDv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf 249 7. zfk¹Dqv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf 257 8. iadkshwDv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf 258 9. smrmfsbv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf 262 10. lfn-lfnDv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf 269 11. dw[j-dwd[jfv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf 279 12. YfÛ-YfÛDv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf 283 13. sbkf hf mAfsbufsvv nfsK nlfyvB 286 14. sbkxk¶fLDb stfsjslv nfsK nlfyvB 287 15. hxÝ-hxÝfv nfsK nlfyvB 291 16. sYfeslv nfsK nlfyvB 298 17. ovDh W lchGtslv nfsK nlfyvB 306 18. mdrtfslv nfsK nlfyvB 311 19. JdvÜfsvv nfsK hAhnfqDv nlfyvB 313 20. zfibfv mcJfsi[Dslv iadk zfibfv nlfyvB 316 21. zmcndtmslv nfsK nlfyvB 318 22. ið-i[Dv nfsK nlfyvB 325 23. ofYiftfv nfsK nlfyvB 336 24. lcÇydvsÛv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf 337 25. wÛ¢v nfsK n¤ydvÛkf 339


ydvÛ dbsq zfstfybf sjb? zfmvf ufdb ydvsÛv hAfifvef äDsbv msLAƒ wfdmt, khcW ixKjHfsh ydvÛ

dbsq stJf hf iVfv jD iasqfubDqkf W Èv¢k¶ zfsY? zfnst n¤ydvÛkfv swJf W ufbfv iasqfubDqkf W Èv¢k¶ zsbj shdw.

spsrkc zfmvf sldJ, sjfb sjfb mfbcN äDblfv, zKy ydvÛhfb bq. sjfb sjfb mfbcN ydvÛhfb, dj§Â äDblfv bq. nckvfQ ydvÛ dbsq iVfswfbfv iasqfubDqkf W Èv¢k¶ zfmvf yfvHfsh zbcHh jvsk ifdv }-

ˆj } n¤ydvÛkfsj idviCBGkf lfb jvfv ubAƒ mrfbhD �-sj ixdKhDsk ifEfsbf rsqdYt. dkdb ˆƒ mrfb …sÜwAsjƒ nIt jvfv ubA siadvk rsqdYstb. dkdb hstsYb,

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rsqdY.« (zfrmfl 8952, hcJfvDv zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 273, rfsjm 4221, hfƒrfj¶D 21301bQ)

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zfidb dj msb jsvb, …Hq hÙÁshAv mfsU iv±iv dhsvfdLkf zfsY? bf j[bƒ bf. spsrkc vrmk W jv¢Bf iadkôfv ubA n¤ydvÛkf yfƒ.

sp nmfsuv mfbcsNvf iv±iv sL]fjfhfdu jsv, zfmfbsk dJqfbk jsv, zw½Dtkf ialwGb jsv, sn nmfsu dj vrmk Kfjsk ifsv?

sp idvhfsvv nlnAslv mfsU iv±isvv iadk OxBf Kfsj, drQnf Kfsj, zwaÝf Kfsj, sn idvhfsv dj vrmk, jv¢Bf, ncJ hf wfd§À dhvfu jsv? sjfbdlbW bf.

htf hfùtA jcvzfb W rflDsnv hÙÁshAv mfsU dbÈP n©ijG vsqsY. spsrkc `nc¦lv ydvÛ' YfVf `jv¢Bf' iadkôftfH jvsk ifsv bf.

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ªzfdm du¶b W mfbcNsj sjht ˆ ubA nxdó jsvdY sp, kfvf zfmfvƒ ƒhflk jvsh.« (pfdvqfk } 56)

zfv vnCt �-sj ifEfsbf rsqsY snƒ ƒhflskv iÝdk dw[f slWqfv ubA. nckvfQ ydvsÛv yfƒsk ƒhflk shdw Èv¢k¶iCBG. ydvsÛv kctbfq bfmfp,


pfjfk, svfpf, rÏ ƒkAfdlv Èv¢k¶ shdw. zfmvf hdt, n¤ydvÛkfv Èv¢k¶ shdw. spmb ˆ jKf zbAÛ …dïdJk rsh.

spsrkc iaskAj ƒhflskv iÇyfsk mrfb …sÜwA vsqsY mfbcsNv ncydvÛ oEb jvf. sp bfmfsp ydvÛ oEb rq bf, sn bfmfp sjht ˆj iajfv hAfqfm rq. sp pfjfsk idhÛkf zfsn bf, sn pfjfk sjht hAq jvf rq. sp svfpfq ydvÛ nQswfLb rq bf, kfsk sjht …ihfn rq ˆhQ sp rsÏ rfuDv ydvÛ nc¦lv rq bf, sn rfuDv sjht slwëmB rq.

lcƒ } ydvÛ W ƒhflksj ixKjHfsh slJfv sp mfbdnjkf vsqsY kf lCv jvf. zbA jKfq äDb W lcdbqfsj dHâ lxdósk slJfv sp iahBkf vsqsY kf zinfvB jvf.

zfidb slJshb, mcndtm pJb mndusl zfsn, kJb jD nc¦lv mfbcN sn! dj§Â iv[sB mnduslv hfƒsv kfsj zbA mfbcN t[A jvshb. mndusl ƒhflsk sn spb äDblfv mcndtm. zfv kfv hfƒsv spb äDsbv nfsK kfv sjfb spfonCÛƒ sbƒ. kfv zh²¿f spb hst, `ƒhflk dEj Kfjstƒ rt. äDblfdv rt mnduslv dHksv. hfdj lcdbqflfdvsk pf ƒs¤Y kfƒ jvf pfq.' zfv ˆmb LfvBf dbÇyq mrfHct.

ƒntfm rt äDb W lcdbqf. ƒntfsm zfsY zfjDlf, ƒhflk W hAhrfv. nh dmstƒ idviCBGgƒntfm. ƒntfm rt iCBGfÌ uDhb-hAh²¿f. uDhsbv sjfb dhNqsj ƒntfm sKsj dhd¤Yâ jvf nýh bq. nckvfQ ˆmb mcndtm rWqf …dyk bq, sp hV zfshl rsh, zKy kfv ydvÛ nc¦lv rsh bf. zKhf pfv ydvÛ hV nc¦lv rsh, dj§Â ƒhflsk rsh I]fdjhfu.

nckvfQ zfidb slJshb, zsbj mcndtm zfsY, pfvf zfmfbklfv, nkAhflD, Hû W isvfijfvD, dj§Â kfvf bfmfp isV bf. ˆvƒ dhivDk zsbj bfmfpD slJshb, kfvf ydvÛokHfsh zsbj dbsy. zsbsj zfjDlfq nrDr, dj§Â zfJtfsj sofïfq. zKy zfhC ùvfƒvfr � hstb, bhD � hstsYb, ªzfïfrv jnm! sn hAdÙÁ mc'dmb bq. zfïfrv jnm! sn hAdÙÁ mc'dmb bq. zfïfrv jnm! sn hAdÙÁ mc'dmb bq.« dusÎn jvf rt, `sjfbX hAdÙÁ? sr zfïfrv vnCt!' dkdb htstb, ªsp stfsjv iadkshwD kfv zdbó sKsj dbvfisl Kfsj bf.« (hcJfvD 6016, mcndtm 181bQ)

snƒ mdrtfslv sHsh slJf …dyk, pfvf jfiV ðjfsbf dbsq iadkshwDsj jó slq. ifwfifdw zKhf …iv ktf-dbyc ktfv hfnf rWqfq idv¤Yâkf ƒkAfdl dbsq jtr hfLfq.

sHsh slJsk ifsvb snƒ bfmfpDv jKf, sp dbsuv ofdV ˆmb ufqofq ifdjGQ


j'sv mndusl sosY, spJfsb zbA ofdV-Wqftf hf hfdV-Wqftfv nmnAf rs¤Y. sn zfïfrsj n§Âó jvsk sosY, dj§Â k]fv hf¦lfsj vfofd¦hk j'sv. ƒhflsk sosY, dj§Â ydvÛ rfdvsq sIstsY.

sj shdw …Ùm? pfv bIt bfmfp-svfpf shdw, dj§Â ydvsÛ jm sn? bfdj pfv bIt bfmfp-svfpf jm, dj§Â ydvsÛ …Ùm?

ˆj hAdÙÁ htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zmcj mdrtf shwD shwD (bIt) bfmfp isV, svfpf vfsJ W lfb-Jqvfk jsv hst …sïJ jvf rq; dj§Â sn dbu duH äfvf (znHA jKf hst hf ofdt dlsq) iadkshwDsj jó slq. (kfv hAfifsv zfibfv zdHmk jD?)' dkdb htstb, ªsn slfpsJ pfsh.« stfjde zfhfv htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zmcj mdrtf z¬i (bIt) bfmfp isV, svfpf vfsJ W lfb-Jqvfk jsv hst …sïJ jvf rq; dj§Â sn dbu duH äfvf (znHA jKf hst hf ofdt dlsq) iadkshwDsj jó slq bf. (kfv hAfifsv zfibfv zdHmk jD?)' dkdb htstb, ªsn shsrsñ pfsh.« (zfrmfl 9675, ƒhsb drêfb 5764, rfsjm 7305, nrDr kfvoDh 2560bQ)

zbcv™iHfsh zfidb slJsk ifshb, mdrtf shfvjf isv, ilGf jsv, bfmfpW isV, dj§Â ydvÛrDbf, znkD, jctef W ëóf. zsbj mdrtfv Kfsj `sOfmefv dHksv sJmefv bfy!' idkv nQnfsv …iidkv siam. zbcv™i icv¢NW rsq Kfsj, dlsbv shtfq smfïfdodv, vfskv shtfq jtfƒ ycdv!

ˆJfsb …sÜwA ƒhflskv Èv¢k¶ jm jvf bq. …sÜwA rt, ydvÛsj „mfb W ƒhflk sKsj ixKj jvf pfsh bf. zKhf ydvsÛv Èv¢k¶sj sYfe j'sv slJf pfsh bf.

tÏfwDtkf ˆjde nlfyvsBv ÈB. snef „mfsbv ˆjde zQw. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

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jcvzfb ifsEv nmq zfidb hcUsk ifvshb, ƒhflk W zfJtfjsj hù ²¿st ˆjsÛ …sïJ jvf rsqsY. spmb mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

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ªzhwAƒ mc'dmboB nItjfm rsqsY. pfvf dbsuslv bfmfsp dhbq-bma. pfvf znfv dÛÁqf-jtfi rsk dhvk Kfsj. pfvf pfjfk lfsb ndÛÁq . pfvf dbsuslv spZb zÌsj nQpk vfsJ. dbsuslv ikD zKhf zdLjfvHcÙÁ lfnD hAkDk; ˆsk kfvf db¦lbDq rsh bf. nckvfQ sj… ˆslvsj YfVf zbAsj jfmbf jvst, kfvf rsh nDmftQObjfvD. ˆhQ pfvf kfslv zfmfbk W iadkwa¢dk v[f jsv. zfv pfvf dbsuslv bfmfsp pkhfb Kfsj. kfvfƒ rsh …ÙvfdLjfvD. …ÙvfdLjfvD rsh dIvlf…snv; pfsk kfvf dyv²¿fqD rsh.« (mc'dmbCb } 1-11)

zfwf jdv hcUsk sisvsYb, nItjfm mc'dmb jfvf? dIvlf…n ufâfskv zdLjfvD jfvf? pfvf mrfb zfïfrv ƒhflk jsv ˆhQ snƒ nfsK dbsuslv ydvÛsj nc¦lv jsv.

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7-8!7.7x�87א�(9نX7��7.7"�7ن�Fu��#7א�F|)�٦٥�(�7.8�9)�<W7��7א��FR7<�:#��#�FR:#7�٦٦(و�(�7%&>X�K9ذ7א�و7א�)א��'�@RFy�F$��<-�F��7 >%�7وFu7�نR7&�7:�:وא�وb9�<�:&�<-F�7@'א"�F}>�77א#��ذ'Fd)�٦٧�(7%&>XK�7>�:'ن�7و7א�&�F��7]7#�>��&R7:�@'ن�7وF�9)�7�7G4�e7.��א7Ty8!א��p>K8م�7+7א��@��א�d�y�ن)�٦٨(}$�7k�7&��#�7�Fذ�7�y7&�F}>�7>�وv7&�<%7#7>�:'ن�7و�Ke9)�?k72��>"�e7א'��

ªkfvfƒ ivm lqfmsqv lfn, pfvf ixdKhDsk bmaHfsh ytfsIvf jsv ˆhQ kfslvsj pJb zÎ hAdÙÁvf nsìfLb jsv, kJb kfvf hst, `nftfm'. ˆhQ pfvf kfslv iadkiftsjv …sÜswA dnulfhbk rsq W làfqmfb sKsj vfdÛ zdkhfdrk jsv. ˆhQ pfvf hst, `sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! zfmfslv sKsj ufrfâfsmv wfd²À dbhxÙ jv; ufrfâfsmv wfd²À skf dbdÇykHfsh L¶Qnfk¹j; dbÇyq kf zfwaq²¿t W hndk drnfsh zkDh dbjxó!' ˆhQ pfvf hAq jvst ziyq jsv bf, jfiGBAW jsv bf; hvQ kfvf ˆ lcsqv mLAhkDG i§¿f zhtìb jsv. ˆhQ pfvf zfïfrv nsÌ zbA sjfb …ifnAsj zfrhfb jsv bf, zfïfr pfsj pKfKG jfvB hAdksvsj rkAf dbsNL jsvsYb, kfsj rkAf jsv bf ˆhQ


hAdHyfv jsv bf. zfv pfvf ˆÈdt jsv, kfvf wfd²À sHfo jvsh.« (Icvj¶fb } 63-68)

…ÙÁ nCvfv hfjD zQwecjc isVW zfidb slJsk ifsvb, mrfb zfïfrv hf¦lfosBv ÈBfhtD jD? ÈBfhtDsk vsqsY zfjDlf, ƒhflk W n¤ydvÛkf.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }\�<&7'Fb�7�N�7�:��>�)�٤�(7%&>XKא��<-:f�<%7��<-9.>/�73�7ن':f�7�)�٥�(7%&>XKא��<-:f�7:ون�7א�:&)�7:�'ن�7)��٦!<��و7&7�)�٧(}א��7��:'ن7 �

ªnckvfQ idvkfi snƒ bfmfp zflfqjfvDslv ubA; pfvf kfslv bfmfsp zmsbfspfoD. pfvf stfj ialwGb (j'sv kf) jsv ˆhQ pfvf oxr²¿ftDv iasqfubDq sYfeJfe nfrfpA lfsb dhvk Kfsj.« (mf†b } 4-7)

zfidb dj t[A jsvsYb? `pfvf kfslv bfmfsp zmsbfspfoD' ˆ jKfv nfsK `pfvf oxr²¿ftDv iasqfubDq sYfeJfe nfrfpA lfsb dhvk Kfsj'---ˆ jKfv jD n©ijG zfsY?

n©ijG rt, ƒhflk W ydvÛ iv±iv ˆsj zsbAv n©iCvj. ˆjef YfVf zbAef idviCBGkf tfH jvsk ifsv bf zKhf …ijfsv zfsn bf.

dkb } zfmfslv zsbsj zfsY, pfvf mcsJ ³bdkjkfv jKf hst, dj§Â jfsu jsv bf. zivsj …islw slq, dbsu mfsb bf.

zsbsj zfsY, pfvf zsbj bDdk jKf swfsb. iafq njt wfqJslv lsnG …id²¿k rq, k]fslv zdFW-dndF dhkvB jsv, ƒntfmD hƒ nQoar jsv, isV W dhkvB jsv, kfsj lfWqfskv mqlfsb l[ zw¶fsvfrD v™si slJf pfq, dj§Â zfmstv mqlfsb kfslv dedj slJf pfq bf.

zsbsj siwf hf yfjdv dbsq lfWqfskv mqlfsb jfu jsv, lfWqfkD sOfVfv disE nWqfv rsq hV l[kfv nfsK lcdbqf dwjfv jsv, dj§Â zfmt W ydvÛ oEsbv mqlfsb kfslv if yst bf. zspfoA rsqW Ocn zKhf ncifdvswv hst spfoA ufqof sisq äDsbv lf„ rsq hsn zfsY, dj§Â kfv lfdqk¶ iftsb sjfb zfoar sbƒ. lfWqfskv zbAkm wkG rt, `zfidb zfydv LmG isvsv swJfW.' dj§Â kfvf ivsj swJfq, dbsuvf dw[f sbq bf, ivsj kvdhqk slq, dbsuv idvhfvsj slq bf hf dlsk yfq bf.

hù dw[j zflwGhfb bb, k]fvf yfjdv jsvb, dj§Â dw[flfb jsvb bf. hvQ zsbj nmq dw[fv dhivDk ydvÛrDbkfv jfsu udVsq isVb.

`v[j pdl H[j rq sj jdvsh v[f, LfdmGj pdl ycdv jsv, sj slsh kfsv dw[f?'


ˆƒ ubA ixKj j'sv n¤ydvÛkfv zfstfybf. pfsk zfmvf ixKjHfsh Èv¢k¶ dlsq W dbsq ydvÛhfb rsk ifdv, zflwG W bDdkhfb rsk sisv dbsuslvsj zfso ncdwd[k W `mfbcN' v™si osV kctsk ifdv.

zfmvf sj…ƒ Hcstv †sLG¶ bƒ. zfncb! zfmvf njstƒ ˆsj zisvv ubA zdnqk jdv, ˆsj zisvv ubA lczf jdv. ydvÛ oEsb dbsuv hAfifsv ˆJdkqfv KfjstW zsbj nmq idvhfsvv zsbsjv hAfifsv ˆJdkqfv Kfsj bf. sn s[sÛ mrfb zfïfrv jfsY iafKGbf jdv,

}�7!8"7��<�7f�7!F��<%>#��7!>xز>و7אF$��7!>/�8&?� :%��F�8�@dو7ذ:<�F$��7!�7�<x�7و7א�>R8:��>��#�7#9){� �`sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! zfmfslv ²ÃD W n§Àfb-n§Àdkslvsj zfmfslv ubA

bqbiaDdkjv jv ˆhQ zfmfslvsj nfhLfbDslv ubA zflwGöv™i jv.' yfv } …isvfÙÁ jfvsBvƒ nfvdbpGfn, zfmvf pfvf mcndtm, bfmfpD,

ivsrpofv, zfstm, lf„, ƒmfm nfsrh, mclfdvGn, dw[j, kfvf spb nfLfvB mfbcsNv dIkbfv jfvB bf rsq Kfdj. zKGf{, zfmvf nmfsuv ˆmb dhjxk bmcbf bf rƒ, pf t[A j'sv mfbcN drlfqfskv ufqofq sofmvfr rsq pfq.

zsbj nmq sjfb Hfstf mfbcsNv iawQnf jvst zKhf kfv mskf rsk …äcÝ jvst ðbsk ifWqf pfq,

`zmcsjv jKf htsYb ivsrpofv? kfskƒ dF…desk ˆsn Ocmfq.' `zmcsjv mskf rsk htsYb? Wv jifst lfo zfsY, dj§Â nCl Jfq.' `zmcj smsqv jKf htsYb? W shfvjf isv zfnf-pfWqf jsv, dj§Â iv-

icv¢sNv nfsK Wsib dHdFW-yAfe jsv.' `zmcj smsqv jKf htsYb? W lfWqfskv jfu jsv, dj§Â öfmD mfsb bf.' `zmcj nfsrshv jKf htsYb? …db hV hV hcdt zfWVfb, dj§Â Wbfv h…-

shde shilGf.' ˆƒHfsh zfsvf jk dj? zhwA kfv msLA zsbj jKf zihflW rsk ifsv.

khcW spef hf²Àh …lfrvB, zfmvf snefv jKf …sïJ j'sv htsk yfƒ, zfmvf spb nmfsuv ubA zflwG rsk ifdv. zfmvf spb zfmfslv ydvsÛv mfLAsm ƒntfsmv ndEj dyÛ mfbcsNv jfsY kcst Lvsk ifdv.

zfncb! zfmvf n¤ydvÛkf dbsq iVfv zfso snƒ nQj¬i jdv sp, zfmvf pf iVh kf mfbh. zfmvf ydvÛ oEb jvh. zivsj kf dw[f slh ˆhQ iasqfusb ³LpGwDtkf zhtìb jvh. zfïfr zfmfslvsj kWIDj dlb. zfmDb.� (zfJtfjct mc'dmb icd²Àjf sKsj nQoxrDk)


n¤ydvÛkfv zKG

n¤ydvÛkf kfƒ, pf iasqfo jvst zfsifsnv mfsU n©iaDdk W snZrflGA jfsqm rq ˆhQ zn¤ydvÛkf kfƒ, pf iasqfo jvst zfsifsnv mfsU dhsäN W OxBf nxdó rq.

ƒmfm dkvdmpD zfècïfr dhb mchfvj (vfdrmfùïfr) rsk n¤ydvÛkfv hAfJAf hBGbf jsvsYb, dkdb hstsYb, `kf rt, nhGlf rfdnmcJ Kfjf, mfbcsNv …ijfv jvf ˆhQ jf…sj jó bf slWqf.' (2005bQ)�

ˆjlf k]fsj htf rt, `n¤ydvÛkfv nfvjKf htcb.' dkdb htstb, `vfo huGb jv.'

ƒhsb mfbnCv …sïJ jsvsYb, n¤ydvÛkf rt ˆƒ sp, kcdm vfofd¦hk rsh bf ˆhQ ovm rsh bf. stfsjslv lchGAhrfsv nrbwDtkf zhtìb jvsh.

rfsIp ƒhsb rfufv …sïJ jsvsYb, n¤ydvÛkf rt nmCr n{jmG n©iflb jvf ˆhQ nmCr zijmG sKsj dhvk Kfjf.

rfnfb hfnvD hstsYb, `n¤ydvÛkfv iajxkk¶ rt mfbcsNv …ijfv jvf, jólfsb dhvk Kfjf ˆhQ syrfvfsj rfnAmq vfJf.'

zn¤ydvÛkfv hAfifsv zfrbfI dhb jfqn hstsYb, `nhsysq hV svfo rt dbjxó ydvÛ ˆhQ zw½Dt HfNf.'

djYc dhäfb hstsYb, `ydvÛhfb rt sn, sp nh dlj dlsq zfvfsm zfsY ˆhQ stfsjvfW kfv hAfifsv dbvfil zfsY.'

wf'hD hstsYb, `n¤ydvÛkf rt isvfijfv, lfbwDtkf W rfnAmcJ Kfjfv bfm.'

mcj¶fdkt hstsYb, `n¤ydvÛkf rt …lfvkf W [mfwDtkfv bfmf§Àv.' nfIfvDbD hstsYb, `n¤ydvÛkf rt mcndtmslv zdLjfv zflfq jvfv bfm.' nshGf¤y ipGfsqv n¤ydvÛkfv hAfifsv rfnfb hfnvD hstsYb, kf rt

`wdÙÁwfdtkfv nfsK bmakf, äDsbv hAfifsv jkGhAdbôf, „mfsbv hAfifsv lxP iakAq, ƒtXsmv hAfifsv zbcvfo, Jvsyv hAfifsv mLAmi§¿f, zHfhmcÙÁ Kfjfv nmq Jvy jvf, zHfshv nmq zs¬i kcó Kfjf, dhiloas²Àv iadk lqfûG rWqf, lfbwDt rsq lfb jvf ˆhQ zdhvk icBAhfb Kfjf.' (dopf…t zfthfh 283ix}) �


n¤ydvÛkfv mfrfk¹A

mfbh uDhsb nc¦lv ydvsÛv zdk Èv¢k¶ vsqsY. wfd§À W wx£Jtf v[fsKG n¤ydvÛkfv Èv¢k¶ zsbj. kfƒ wvDqk zfmfslvsj nc¦lv ydvÛ oEb jvsk zfslw W …äcÝ jsv. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))9k8/�71אK7��א��:=< 7+�7;<!@u�<]>�</F$7و�FM7~? 7�>2:.7��א�FM7!7�72�א��8/�<k>��7G7א�!8�س�7و�k@�:�>"�%7�7+.((� �ªkcdm spJfsbƒ Kfj zfïfrsj Hq jv, ifi jvst nfsK nfsK icBAW jv;

pfsk ifi smfyb rsq pfq ˆhQ mfbcsNv nfsK nc¦lv hAhrfv jv.« (zfrmfl 21354, dkvdmpD 1987, rfsjm 178, nrDùt ufsm 97bQ)

nc¦lv ydvÛ icv¢sNv ubA nhGswaô nfunÏf, mdrtfv ubA nhGswaô ztQjfv W ianfLb. n¤ydvÛkf nclwGb icv¢Nsj zfsvf shdw nclwGb j'sv skfst ˆhQ nc¦lvD-v™inDv snZ¦lpG W v™i zfsvf hxdÝ jsv. n¤ydvÛkfv mskf nc¦lv ztQjfv W ianfLb zfv djYc sbƒ ˆ lcdbqfsk. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))}�� %��kل�א��'��hو�،;� ��b�p��y'א��Xא��"��#��kא��.�=�.((� �

ªkcdm nc¦lv ydvÛ W lDOG bDvhkf zhtìb jv. snƒ nÙfv jnm p]fv rfsk zfmfv iafB zfsY, nfvf nxdó …ÙÁ lcƒ (ztQjfsvv) mk zbA djYc dlsq snZ¦lpGmdàk rsk ifsv bf.« (zfhC qAf'tf 3298, nrDùt ufsm 4048bQ)

nc¦lv ydvÛ mrfb naófv nhGswaô lfb, nhsysq mCtAhfb …irfv. mfbcN drnfsh mfbcN ˆv yfƒsk hV djYc …irfv ifqdb. …nfmfr dhb wfvDj � hstb, stfsjvf vfnCtcïfr �-sj duÎfnf jvt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! mfbcNsj slWqf lfbnmCsrv msLA nhGswaô lfb jD slWqf rsqsY?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªnc¦lv ydvÛ.« (zfrmfl 18454, ƒhsb drêfb 6061, rfsjm 416, hfƒrfj¶D 20043, n} kfvoDh 2652bQ)

nc¦lv ydvsÛv bfvD-icv¢sNv hQw rt nhfv yfƒsk …¤y. n¤ydvÛkf rt swaô sjZtDbA. ˆv yfƒsk hV jctmpGflf sjfb hQsw rsk ifsv bf. …¤y hQswv mfbcsNv pdl ydvÛƒ bf Kfsj, kfrst kfv hQw sjfb jfsu tfosh? ˆƒ ubA mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))-C#�u$��!��)).u�R/$��7�7+�-C!�+$��R@�:G-،�و$C�^b-�א �ªzfïfrv dbje nhsysq mpGflfn©iâ hAdÙÁ sn, sp nhsysq shwD ivsrpofv.

zfv nhsysq …¤y hQwDq stfj sn, pfv ydvÛ nhsysq nc¦lv.« (zft-zflfhct


mcIvfl 899bQ) zftD � rfnfb �-sj t[A j'sv hstsYb, `nhsysq hV LbhÙf rt Îfb,

nhsysq dbm mfsbv lDbkf rt mCJGkf, nhsysq hV hfkctkf rt ohG ˆhQ nhsysq hV hQw rt nc¦lv ydvÛ.'

n¤ydvÛkf W nc¦lv ydvsÛv bfvD-icv¢N mrfb iadkiftsjv dbje shdw iY¦lbDq. mrfb zfïfr snZ¦lpG Hfstfhfsnb, hf¦lfv slsr nc¦lv sifwfj Hfstfhfsnb, Hfstfhfsnb kfv yfdvdÛj snZ¦lpG. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�)).�b��y.��و&��Cא�#'��#��pو��א��ل��0 ��א��(ن(( �ªdbÇyq zfïfr nc¦lv, dkdb snZ¦lpGsj iY¦l jsvb. dkdb nc…¤y ydvÛsj

Hfstfhfsnb ˆhQ OxBf jsvb sbfQvf ydvÛsj.« (k¶fhfvfbDv zfWnfk¶ 6906, nrDùt ufsm 1743bQ)

pfv ydvÛ nc¦lv, kfsj mrfb zfïfr nhfv yfƒsk shdw Hfstfhfsnb. ˆ jKfv nf[A dlsq vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb,

))_�7+F$�>1<��<�7�دKא��F�9)�>1K7!:.:->�א��<+F$��R@�:G.(( ªzfïfrv dbje nhsysq diaqkm hf¦lf rt snƒ, pfv ydvÛ nc¦lv.« (k¶fhfvfbD

473, nrDùt ufsm 179bQ) nc¦lv ydvsÛv zdLjfvD bfvD-icv¢N njt mfbcsNv jfsYƒ hvBDq zflvBDq.

sj bf Hfstfhfsn kfslvsj? ydvÛhfbvf snvf mfbh mrfbhD �-ˆv dbjeW shdw iY¦lbDq. dkdb hstsYb,

�و7(9ن�8،�وyF�<o:&7@�'نyF�A�7&��7@'ن��7א�b�7!uF$�،��7%&>X�K��א��:'Kh7~:'نC8�7+F$�8pF�9)�<-@C:!>��7+F$��d�<GF$�،�7@->�(9ن8((<-@C7 7r<"F$�8pF�9)�7:ون�8�7��M�7<��א� >��7 >��7%א��:d?�Fy@�'ن8!��>"�،��7"��>M�8�>+Fن��7،�א�':��>�7�:��،�א7��!�7;��7<��:��7א�<��א�7�< �)).א7��

ªzfmfv dbje nhsysq diaq hAdÙÁ kfvf, skfmfslv msLA pfslv ydvÛ nhsysq nc¦lv. pfvf zmfdqj (nru-nvt), pfvf n©iaDdkv hásb nrsu zfhÝ rq. zfv skfmfslv msLA nhsysq zdiaq hAdÙÁ kfvf, pfvf ycotsJfdv jsv, hácslv mfsU dhd¤Yâkf Oefq ˆhQ dbslGfN stfsjslv mfsU slfN J]csu shVfq.« (k¶fhfvfbD 835bQ)

ydvÛhfsbvf lcdbqfsk kfslv diaq bhD �-ˆv shdw Hfstfhfnfv ifÛ, djqfmskW kfvfƒ k]fv shdw dbjehkGD ufqofq ²¿fbtfH jvsh. dkdb hstsYb,

�dF�<G$�-@C7!�>��7+$�،�>M�7#�7��،�و7(ن��8((�>R�7'>م�7א�&��>�<S7#�p?!>#�<-@C>"7�d$7�8،�وp�)�<-@C?�7+$�<%>#�8ن) >.R@'ن�7Fy7@ن�7و7א�'@d?�7�7@ون�7و7א�:� M7#�7<�،�א�=7�<�8�>R7'>م�7א�&�p?!>#�<-@u7�7�<"$7�8وpF�)�<-@C7 7r<"$.((� �


ªskfmfslv msLA zfmfv diaqkm ˆhQ djqfmskv dlb zh²¿fsb zfmfv dbjekm hAdÙÁslv djYc snƒ stfj rsh pfvf skfmfslv msLA ydvsÛ swaôkm. zfv skfmfslv msLA zfmfv dbje OxBAkm ˆhQ djqfmskv dlb zh²¿fsb zfmfv dbje sKsj lCvkm rsh kfvf; pfvf zbKGj zkAfdLj zfshft-kfshft hst W hfsu hsj ˆmb hfyft W hJfse stfj; pfvf zftnAHsv hf jfqlf jsv sesb-sesb jKf hst. zfv zbcv™i zrQjfvDvfW.« (dkvdmpD 2018bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, C7@->��و7(9نC:!>��727#��d�F�<GF$�8@->�א�p?!>#�p>b�>�7�>G��وC8�7+F$�8pF�9)�<-@C7"7�dF$7@->�(9ن8(( �7r<"F$��8p�F�9)��<-@u7��7�<"F$7و�p?!>#�p>b�>�7�>G��א�<-@C&97�7�و#��d�F�<GF$�7ون:��)).א��:d?�7�7@'ن7::::� >.R9@'ن7א��:�Fy7א�=7�<�8� �

ªdjqfmskv dlb skfmfslv msLA zfmfv diaqkm ˆhQ zh²¿fsb zfmfv dbjekm hAdÙÁ snƒ nh stfj rsh, pfvf skfmfslv msLA ydvsÛ swaôkm. zfv skfmfslv msLA zfmfv dbje OxBAkm ˆhQ zh²¿fsb zfmfv sKsj lCvkm rsh kfvf; pfvf zbKGj zkAdLj zfshft-kfshft hst W hfsu hsj ˆmb hJfse stfj; pfvf ohGHsv ˆhQ zftnAHsv hf jfqlf jsv sesb-sesb jKf hst.« (zfrmfl 17732, ƒhsb drêfb, k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv, hfƒrfjDv ðzfhct „mfb, dntdntfr nrDrfr 791bQ)

nfLfvB stfsjslv dHksv pfvf ydvsÛ nc¦lv, kfvfƒ nhGswaô mfbh. zfècïfr dhb zfmXv � hstb, ˆjlf mrfbhD �-sj duÎfnf jvf rt, `nhsysq swaô stfj sj?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb,

))_�@u�9م':�<�7#�>��FR�7�ن�73�9:وق�9א�Nא��.((� �ªnhsysq swaô stfj rt snƒ, pfv r™lq rt idv°jfv ˆhQ duH rt

nkAhflD.« duÎfnf jvf rt, ìdv°jfv r™lsqv zKG jD?' htstb,

))7':f�_p>R8א��_p>R8!א��F��7-<�9)�>1 >b��F�7�7وp<r7"��F�7�8و�>|��F�7�7�7�7و+.((� �ªsp r™lq nQpmwDt, dbmGt, pfsk sjfb ifi sbƒ, zbAfq sbƒ, „NGf W

drQnf sbƒ.« duÎfnf jvf rt, `kfviv sj?' htstb,

))�Xא��A!�&�� )).א��Gو�א�� ªsp lcdbqfsj OxBf jsv ˆhQ zfsJvfksj Hfstfhfsn.« duÎfnf jvf rt, `kfviv sj?' htstb,

))%#o#��b�k�G�%�+.((� �


ªnc¦lv ydvsÛv mcdmb.« (ƒhsb mfufr 4216, nrDùt ufsm 3291bQ) t[BDq sp, ªpfv r™lq rt idv°jfv ˆhQ duH rt nkAhflD« sn ˆjub

mrfb ydvsÛv zdLjfvD. zkˆh swaôsk¶v mpGflf kfv zhwAƒ iafiA. zfècïfr ƒhsb zfmXv ƒhsb zf'n � hstb, zfïfrv vnCt �

(iajxdkokHfsh jKf W jfsu) zw½Dt dYstb bf ˆhQ (ƒ¤YfjxkHfshW) zw½Dt dYstb bf. zfv dkdb htskb,

�))��dF�<G$�<-@C7!7�<+$�<-@u9��7 >G�<%>#�8ن).((� �ªskfmfslv msLA snƒ hAdÙÁƒ …Ùm, sp skfmfslv msLA nc¦lvkm ydvsÛv

zdLjfvD.« (hcJfvD 3559, 3759, mcndtm 6177bQ) nhGswaô mfbh dYstb nshGf¤y mfsbv ydvsÛv zdLjfvD. spsrkc k]fv ydvÛ

dYt jcvzfb. zfv mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }F}8�9)7��7و�F��k@�:G�- >z7�{)�٤�(��'��-�Rא��

ªkcdm zhwAƒ mrfb ydvsÛv zdLjfvD.« (jftfm }4) k]fv Jfslm zfbfn � hstsYb, `vfnCtcïfr � nh mfbcsNv yfƒsk shdw

nc¦lv ydvsÛv dYstb.' (hcJfvD 6203, mcndtm 5747bQ) n¤ydvÛkf mfsbƒ icBA, zfv icBAƒ rt n¤ydvÛkf. bfWqfn ƒhsb nfmzfb � hstb, zfdm vfnCtcïfr �-sj icBA W ifi n©isjG duÎfnf jvtfm, …Ùsv dkdb htstb,

��73��FJ9،�وf9�Fu>�;��7:�+:�%:�א�@�@�9k،�وא]��-:��:�א��<�_��((��p�>b�FJ��7+��7#��>1�< F�7��7]�>�Kl7&ن�$��)).א�!8�س: �

ªicBA rt n¤ydvÛkfv bfm. zfv ifi rt kfƒ, pf skfmfv z§Àsv ns¦lr nxdó jsv ˆhQ kf stfsj susb sItcj, ˆ jKf kcdm ziY¦l jv.« (mcndtm 6680bQ)

zsbsj „mfblfv hf mc'dmb rq, dj§Â idviCBG „mfblfv hf mc'dmb nhfƒ rsk ifsv bf. ydvÛhfb mfbcNƒ nhfv yfƒsk shdw iCBGfÌ „mfsbv zdLjfvD. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))�<-9.>��7�>!>��<-@u:��7 >G�<-@u:��7 >G7و�،�R@�:G�<-:.:!7�+$��7Z9)�7�>!>#o@�7:�א��u$.((� �ªmc'dmbslv msLA sn hAdÙÁ iCBG mc'dmb, sp kfslv msLA ydvsÛv dlj dlsq

nc¦lvkm. zfv skfmfslv …Ùm hAdÙÁ kfvf, pfvf kfslv ²ÃDslv dbje …Ùm.« (dkvdmpD 1162bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,


)):�7�uF$�7�>!>#<o:��،�وyF�<o:&7@�'نyF�A7&��7@'ن�7א�b�7!uF$�،�7%&>XK��א��:'Kh7~:'ن7Z9)�<-:.:!>��7+F$��d�<GF$�،�7��א�Fe7�7و�< 7G�<%7� >b�e�:�F�A7&�Fe7و�:�F�<o:&.((� �

ªnhfv sysq iCBG „mfblfv hAdÙÁ sn, pfv ydvÛ nhfv sysq nc¦lv, nru-nvt. pfvf zivsj iaDdkv h]fLsb uVfsk ifsv ˆhQ dbsuvfW zisvv iaDdkv h]fLsb udVk rq. zfv snƒ hAdÙÁv mfsU sjfb mÌt sbƒ, sp iaDdkv h]fLsb jf…sj h]fLsk ifsv bf ˆhQ dbsusjW zisvv iaDdkv h]fLsb zfsb bf.« (k¶fhfvfbD 605, dn} nrDrfr 751bQ)

nc¦lv ydvÛ sjht mc'dmsbvƒ ³hdwóA. zsbAv mfsU sjfb n¤ydvÛkf Kfjst zfQdwjHfsh Kfjsk ifsv. mcbfdIsjv mfsU n¤ydvÛkf ˆhQ äDsbv Îfb dhlAmfb Kfsj bf. vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb,

7�<�7�ن7F�<�7G�Fe�9�ن9((<S7/�p>b�k>b�7!:#�:�:%<�:+��;<�7��،�Fe71\�وR>b�p>b�9%&?א��((.� �ªlc'de öHfh sjfb mcbfdIsjv dHksv umf rsk ifsv bf; bf nc¦lv ydvÛ,

zfv bf äDbD Îfb.« (dkvdmpD 2684, nrDùt ufsm' 3229bQ) ydvÛhfb mcndtm bv-bfvD n¤ydvÛkfv mfLAsm bIt bfmfp-svfpfv nWqfh

tfH jvsk ifsv. bhD � hstsYb, �))�9->��FRא��8��<-�9א��FM7x7��R@�:G�9%<�:2>"�@J9<�1د7<�: F��7%>#<o@ن�8א�).((� �

ªzhwAƒ mc'dmb kfv nlfyfdvkfv jfvsB dlsb (bIt) svfpflfv ˆhQ vfsk (bIt) ƒhflkjfvDv mpGflf sisq Kfsj.« (zfhc lf…l 4800bQ)

djqfmskv mDpfsb hf¦lfv ifi-icBA Wub rsh. l]fdVifïfq nhsysq shdw Hfdv rsh n¤ydvÛkf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))�� M�7#�7<�#<�%>�+:��>�9%א�@�@�9k،�و7(ن�8א>R�9&�7'>م�7א�%>#<o�@7אن�9א��7<�א�v >#�p>b�:�FR<�$��<p7a�<%>#��7#8�>X7�7א��>+�Fyא��:�>r<�:&.((� �

ªdjqfmskv dlb (sbjD) Wub jvfv lf]dV-ifïfq n¤ydvÛkfv sysq sjfb h²Âƒ zdLj HfvD rsh bf. zfv zfïfr kfzftf zw½Dt W syfqfVsj ziY¦l jsvb.« (dkvdmpD 2003, ƒhsb drêfb 5664, zfhc lf†l 4799, dntdntfr nrDrfr 876bQ)

n¤ydvÛkf rt shsrwXk pfWqfv znDtf. nc¦lv zfyfv-hAhrfv ˆmb zfmt, pf ufâfsk spsk zbAfbA zfmstv kctbfq shdw jfsu slsh. zfhC ùvfƒvf � hstb, vfnCtcïfr �-sj duÎfnf jvf rt sp, `sjfbX zfmt mfbcNsj shdw ufâfsk dbsq pfsh?' dkdb htstb,


))�9k@�@و7+:�%:�א��>��))./�i7'R7א �ªzfïfrHDdk W n¤ydvÛ.« zfv kf]sj (êfW) duÎfnf jvf rt sp, `sjfbX zfmt mfbcNsj shdw

ufrfâfsm dbsq pfsh?' dkdb htstb, �))Fyج:�א�<�Fyو7א��:-.((� �

ªmcJ W spZbfÌ (zKGf{, …Hq äfvf nQOdek ifi).« (dkvdmpD 2004bQ ,ƒhsb drêfb 476bQ, hcJfvDv zflh 289 W 294bQ, ƒhsb mfufr 4246bQ, zfrmfl 2/392, rfsjm 4/234 )

ydvÛhfb bvbfvDv ubA nc…¤y shsrwXskv dbÇyqkf dlsqsYb shsrwXskv nlGfv vfnCtcïfr �. dkdb hstsYb,

��FJ7��7/�<%7א�<��7א��7و7(ن>��Fu�ن��R>2:#�7��،�و7"<�7 >�;��و��7�7<��((�>��>M8!F7"�9�7א��; 7�>"�\- $�7��ز�7<�:1@R@�:G�7%:�7+�<%7�>��>M8!Fא��F��$��;< ��FJ7�7/�<%7א�XFC<��7و7(ن>�Fu�ن�7#7�ز9+��،�و7�>"7>��>M8!Fא�.�((� �

ªzfdm snƒ hAdÙÁv ubA ufâfskv swN nDmfq ˆjde Ov slWqfv ubA ufdmb rd¤Y, sp nkAfwaqD rWqf nsÙ¶W jtr-dhhfl huGb jsv. snƒ hAdÙÁv ubA zfdm ufâfskv mLA²¿st ˆjde Osvv ufdmb rd¤Y, sp …irfnYstW dmKAf htf huGb jsv. zfv snƒ hAdÙÁv ubA zfdm ufâfskv nhsysq …]yc ufqofq ˆjde Osvv ufdmb rd¤Y, pfv ydvÛ nc¦lv.« (zfhc lf†l 4802, dkvdmpD 1993, ƒhsb mfufr 51, hfƒrfjD, nrDr kfvoDh 133bQ)

Lb-mft dlsq njt mfbcsNv mb n§Âó jvsk ifvf nýh bq, jctfskW ifvsh bf sj…. dj§Â nc¦lv ydvÛ äfvf kf ifvf pfq.

mfbcsNv dksvfLfsbv isv kfv yyGf zhdwó sKsj pfq, mfbcsNv …dyk, kfv yyGfsj Hfstf jsv osV skftf.

mxkcAv isv pfv ubA mfbcN mfbcsNv r™lsq zm½fb rsq Kfsj, kf rs¤Y kfv zmfdqj hAhrfv.

idvdyk zsbsj rsk ifsv, dj§Â�ncidvdyk rsk zdkdvÙÁ�ÈsBv lvjfv, nc¦lv ydvsÛv lvjfv.

mfbcsNv Hûkfƒ kfv hAhrfvsj nc¦lv jsv. zfv kfv nc¦lv hAhrfvƒ kfsj iajxk mfbcNv™si osV skfst. zkˆh nc¦lv ydvÛ�mfbh-uDhsbv lfmD ztËfv W zmCtA n©idÙ.

pdl sj… iaw jsv, `ƒntfsmv nhsysq nc¦lv lwGb jD?' kfrst kfv …Ùsv htf pfq sp, `n¤ydvÛkf.'

pdl ixdKhDv nhsysq hV lfwGdbjsj duÎfnf jvf rq sp, `ˆj jKfq


dhw¶mfbhkfv dydj{nf jD?' kfrst kfv …Ùsv dkdb zhwAƒ htshb sp, `n¤ydvÛkf.'

pdl ƒ…svfsiv nm²À dhäfboB nmshk rsq ƒ…svfiDq nHAkfv hAfifsv zLAqb jsvb, zk}iv kfv Itöv™i spef k]fvf sisk yfb, snef rt `n¤ydvÛkf.'

ƒntfsm n¤ydvÛkfv ³hdwóA W Èv¢k¶ ixKj W zdLj shdw. zbA LmG W ufdkv mfbcsNv mfsUW n¤ydvÛkfv Èv¢k¶ zfsY. ƒQsvdusk htf rq, `mdb tn ƒu bfdKQ tn, srtXK tn ƒu nfmdKQ tn, hfe jfsvjev tn ƒu ˆHdvdKQ tn.'

hfQtfsk htf rq, `pdl Lb bfw rq, kfq djhf zfsn pfq, pdl öf²¿A bfw rq, ksh djYc rq [q,

rƒst ydvÛ bfw nhGbfw rq.' JfWqfdvpmD hstsYb, `mfbcsNv mfsU ydvÛ Kfjst sn 1 bìv Kfsj.

zk}iv kfv msLA v™i Kfjst kfv ifsw ˆjde wCbA spfo rsq 10 rq. zk}iv kfv LbhÙf Kfjst zfsvf ˆjde wCbA spfo rsq 100 rq. zk}iv kfv sjZtDbA Kfjst zfsvf ˆjde wCbA spfo rsq 1000 rq. dj§Â 1 nQJAfde zKGf{ ydvÛ hfl iVst mfbcsNv mCtA yst pfq ˆhQ ifswv wCbAÈdt zsjsuf rsq zhdwó Kfsj.'

jdh hstsYb, `ÈBrDb dyvdlb ivfLDb vq, bfdr ncJ m½fbmcJ dyvlcJ nq. ÈBhfbX mdkmfbX LbhfbX rq,

bfdr lcJ rfnAmcJ nlf ncJmq.' zfvhD jdh hstsYb,

;�#��א��Gق�א�#-�(��وR"ن��,b�-f�;�fذ�-.d�G$א�'�fذ� �zKGf{, ufdk kk[B ipG§À nciadkdôk Kfsj, pk[B kfv ydvÛ Kfsj.

ufdkv ydvÛ sost nhfƒ L¶Qn rsq pfq.

***********


�iajxdk W ydvÛ

nxdóokHfsh mfbcsNv iajxdk dHâ dHâ Lvsbv. ³wwh sKsjƒ kfv hdr}iajfw Ose mfbcsNv zfyfv-zfyvsB W yft-ytsb. LDsv LDsv kf mfbcsNv mÏfok öHfsh idvBk rq. ydvÛ rsq pfq kfv njt jmGjfà. kfv msLA djYc rq iajxdkokHfshƒ öHfhufk. zfv djYc rq iadw[B W zbcwDtsbv mfLAsm. ˆƒ ubA mfbcsNv ydvÛsj lcƒ Hfso Hfo jvf spsk ifsv.

iajxdkok ydvÛ ˆhQ idvwDdtk ydvÛ.

1. iajxdkok ydvÛ nxdóokHfsh spmb mfbcsNv hcdÝmÙfv kfvkmA zfsY, ³ldrj zÌ oEsb

ifKGjA zfsY, skmdb iajxdkok öHfhW. hù ÈBfÈB zfsY, pf mfbcsNv iajxdksk iad[å zfsY. pf zuGb jvfv ubA sjfb zbcwDtb jvsk rq bf. spmb Efàf smufu, dmbdmsb öHfh zKhf kfv dhivDk. ˆƒ swaBDv ÈBfhtD mfbcNsj ³kdv jvsk rq bf. mrfb naófv nxdóok iajxdkskƒ kf dbdrk zfsY.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, ��M7#<%>�4د7م�7kF�7G�7و�8v7��8�7x7א��71K(9ن8(( <�Fd��7.7 7�Fd�<%>#�9] >�7x�9ض<�FA��7א�7�SFb�':!7"�74د7م��F�7��9�<�Fd��>ض9FA��7א�7�x�<-:.<!>#�:�7 <"FA��7:�א�<+FA�7د:�و7א'<�FA��7و7א%< ?�:�و7א�7��< :�ذ�F}>�7و7"7Klن:��و7א��8.>�:�و7א�<v�72�و7א�7 >%7و7"�F}>�7ذ.((� �

ªdbÇyq zfïfr zfpXpf zufï zflmsj nxdó jsvsYb ˆj mcdó mfde sKsj, pf dkdb nfvf ixdKhD sKsj oarB jsvsYb. kfƒ zflm n§Àfb mfde zbcnfsv dhjfw tfH jsvsY. kfslv sj… vdÙÁmhBG, sj… soZvhBG, sj… jxòhBG, zfhfv sj… ˆ nshv mfUfmfdU. sj… nru-nvt, sj… lclGm-jdEb, sj… sbfQvf ydvsÛv, sj… nc¦lv ydvsÛv ˆhQ sj… ˆ nshv mfUfmfdU.« (zfrmfl 19582, zfhC lf†l 4695, dkvdmpD 2955bQ)

zfhC ùvfƒvfr � hstb, ˆjlf vfnCtcïfr �-sj iaw jvf rt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! mfbcsNv msLA nhsysq n©mfdbk hAdÙÁ sj?' dkdb htstb, ªkfslv msLA sp nhsysq zfïfr-HDv¢.« zk}iv kf]vf (nfrfhDvf) htstb, `ˆ hAfifsv zfmvf zfibfsj duÎfnf jvdY bf.' dkdb htstb, ªkfrst ƒ…ncI (nhsysq n©mfdbk hAdÙÁ), dpdb öqQ zfïfrv bhD, kf]v dikf bhD, dikfmrW bhD ˆhQ iadikfmrW bhD W zfïfrv hác.« kf]vf htstb, `êfW zfmfslv iaw bq.' dkdb htstb,


�:f:->��א]�9>�م�9(9ذ7א�RFb@.:'א((�7 >G�>M8 �>f�Fא��<-:f:��7 >G؟�p�'@�FA<�7/�>�7�77%>�#7�7�د<ن�9א��Fb.((� �ªkfrst skfmvf dj zfmfsj zfvshv hQwfhtD n©isjG duÎfnf jvY?

(ksh swfsbf!) kfslv msLA pfvf ufsrtD pcso Hft, kfvf ƒntfsmW Hft; pdl äDbD Îfb vfsJ.« (hcJfvD 3353, mcndtm 6311bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, �:f:->��א]�>��Fم�9(9ذ7א��((��7 >G�>M�8 >�>f�Fא��<-:f:��7 >G�،�>M8 �>y�7<�و7א�f8X7�7�د<ن�9א��Fu�\א�!8�س:�#7�7�د<ن

7�#�7<!>.7��א�>�7�F�7،�و7#��/7��7�7/��7�Fb�،�m�7�8!7S:#�\د':!:x�:¢و7א<��)).�#<!>.7��אRFb7�Fu�7!7�F�7<G@.:'א�،�و7א� �ªsnfbf-v™ifv Jdbvfduv mk mfbh ufdkW bfbf sofsÛv Jdbvfdu. pfvf

ufsrtD pcso …Ùm dYt, kfvf ƒntfmD pcsoW …Ùm; pJb kfvf äDsbv Îfb tfH jsv. zfv zfk¹fnmCr nmshk ³nbAlstv mk. nckvfQ zfsifsn sp zfk¹flt idvdyk W zdHâ iajxdkv rq, sn zfk¹flstv mfsU dmtb W háck¶ ²¿fdik rsq Kfsj�ˆhQ sp zfk¹flt zfsifsn zidvdyk W dHâ iajxdkv rq, sn zfk¹flstv mfsU dhd¤Yâkf W zSbjA iaje rsq WsE.« (mcndtm 6877bQ)�

t[BDq sp, mfbcN ˆj iajxdkv bq. pk mfbcN, kk vjsmv mb zfsY. ksh sjfb sjfb s[sÛ msb-msb dmt Kfsj. zfv pfv iajxdk Hfstf, sn njt idvshsw Hfstf. sp ƒntfsmv iCshG ufsrtD pcso Hfstf dYt, sn ƒntfsmv isvW Hfstf. iajxdkok nlfyvB W jlfyvB mcndtm-zmcndtm njstv mfsU dhlAmfb Kfsj.

iajxdkok zfyvB ialwGb jvfv iasqfub rq bf. kf ialwGb jvsk sjfb iajfv syóf hf jsóv lvjfv rq bf. mfbcN bf yfƒstW nmsq öfHfdhjHfsh kfv hdr}iajfw Ose. vfnCtcïfr � zfwfÏX zfèct jfsqnsj hstdYstb,

�))�@��7��א:._�>�9%&:2< 7F�<�7G�F} >b�8א2�<�-:�و7א��7��@�:�(9ن.((� �ªdbÇyq skfmfv msLA ˆmb lc'de öHfh vsqsY pf zfïfr iY¦l jsvb;

nrbwDtkf W dy§Àf-Hfhbf j'sv jfu jvf.« (mcndtm 126bQ) dbsmv ˆjde rflDn sKsjW iajxdkok ydvsÛv jKf ±ió rq. zfmfbklfvD

mrfb zfïfrv i[ sKsj iad[å jvf rq. zfv mfbcsNv smZdtj ydvÛ êfƒ sp, sn zfmfbklfv rsh.

ùpfƒIfr � hstb, vfnCtcïfr � zfmfslv dbje lc'de rflDn hBGbf jsvsYb. ˆjde skf zfdm iakA[ jsvdY ˆhQ däkDqdev ubA zsi[fq vsqdY. dkdb zfmfslv jfsY hBGbf jsvsYb sp, zfmfbk mfbcsNv z§Àsvv z§À²Àst zhkDBG rsqsY. zk}iv jcvzfb zhkDBG rsqsY. kfviv kfvf jcvzfb sKsj ÎfbfuGb jsvsY. kfviv kfvf bhDv rflDn sKsjW ÎfbfuGb


jsvsY. ˆviv zfmfslvsj zfmfbk kcst sbWqf n©isjG hBGbf jsvsYb, ªmfbcN ˆj Ocm Ocmfsbfv iv kfv z§Àv sKsj zfmfbk kcst sbWqf rsh. kJb ˆjde dh¦lcv mk kfv dyrÁ zhdwó Kfjsh. icbvfq mfbcN ˆj Ocm Ocmfsh. zfhfsvf kfv z§Àv sKsj zfmfbk …dEsq sbWqf rsh. kJb u¶t§À zfÈb odVsq skfmfv ifsq iVst spmb ˆjef sIfõf isV jfstf lfo slJsk ifWqf pfq kfv mk dyrÁ Kfjsh. kcdm kfsj sIftf slJsh; dj§Â hf²Àsh kfsk djYcƒ Kfjsh bf.« zk}iv (…lfrvB öv™i) dkdb ˆjde j]fjv dbsq dbu ifsq odVsq dlstb. (kfviv htsk tfostb,) ªsn nmq stfsjvf shyf-sjbf jvsh dj§Â iafq sj…ƒ zfmfbk zflfq jvsh bf. ˆmbdj stfsj htfhdt jvsh sp, zmcj hQsw ˆjub zfmfbklfv stfj zfsY. ˆmbdj (lcdbqflfv) hAdÙÁ n©isjG m§ÀhA jvf rsh, sn jkƒ bf zlmA! sn jkƒ bf dhy[B! sn jkƒ bf hcdÝmfb! zKy kfv z§Àsv ndvNfv lfbf idvmfB „mfbW Kfjsh bf.« (ùpfƒIf hstb,) ƒdkiCshG zfmfv …iv ˆmb pco zdkhfdrk rsq sosY, pJb jfsvf nfsK shyfsjbf jvsk sjfb isvfqf jvkfm bf. jfvB sn mcndtm rst kfv äDb kfsj zfmfv (dJqfbk sKsj) dhvk vfJsh. zfv dJaófb zKhf ƒqfùlD rst kfv wfnjƒ zfmfv rj dIdvsq slsh. dj§Â hkGmfsbv zh²¿f rs¤Y ˆƒ sp, zfdm zmcj zmcj YfVf shyf-sjbf jvsk ia²Âk bƒ. (hcJfvD 6497, 7086, mcndtm 384bQ)

bhcqk iafdåv iafÄfst mrfbhD �-ˆv hù ÈB dYt iajxdkok ncydvÛ. sn jKfv nf[A dlsqsYb mf JflDuf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf). duhvDtsj slsJ drvf Èrf sKsj HDk-n§Ã²À rsq pJb mrfbhD � k]fv jfsY dIsv ˆsn hxÙf§À hBGbf jvstb, kJb dkdb k]fsj nf§À¶bf dlsq hstdYstb,

)K�Fu�<�>�<"F$�>1K7א��'Fb�Fe�F}&9v<�:&�:1K��7א�א��"F$،�>1Kو7א��F}8�9)�:�>�7F��7->+8א�72�<& �7و�7/7>�:ق:�א��:�>��و27/7>8�FC�א�:�>�C7/7�7>�:وم�7و�8 >��7و�i9�R7/7א� �.)אk72�?��7'7א�<�<��F�7و7/:�<�:�א� �

zKGf{, j[sbf bf. zfidb ncnQhfl dbb. zfïfrv jnm! zfïfr zfibfsj jJbƒ tfdÒk jvshb bf. zfïfrv jnm! zfidb skf zfk¹Dqkfv háb hufq vfsJb, nkA jKf hstb, (zisvv) shfUf hƒsq slb, db}ösj lfb jsvb, smrmfsbv Jfdkv jsvb ˆhQ dhiloa²Àsj nfrfpA jsvb. (hcJfvD 3, mcndtm 422bQ)

zfhC hfjXv dnÜDj � ƒntfsmv iCshG ufsrtD pcso ml ifb jsvbdb, êf dYt k]fv iajxdkok ydvÛ.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }�7&��7._&F$�_p>�8!9ذ7א�א�)�FJ��7x�:W�7!>#<o:�7 >~��"<��F$��K��7%u9�<�:&�>1Kن��F}7!<�>&�7�:&��F�7א�a��F�7��7و%d9�<��7&�


�F�7�7و�>�<v7&��F�7�7و%�:R7&�8%:f7د�F�<وF$��F�7�7و�>/A7&9�7&!17:�"<�:.>7�ن�y7&�7%< 7"�8%9.&>�<&F$�8%9.>�:x<�F$7و�F�7و��F}7! >��<�7&�p>b��\�א��71K(9ن�8א��F��71K.:%�8و7א�>7�Fb�<�>y<r7�&<�>.:%�8#�7>�:و'@yF|�\- >+8��{)�١٢�(��'��M!2`��א� �

ªsr bhD! dhw¶fnD bfvDvf pJb skfmfv dbje ˆsn hfqzfk jsv ˆƒ msmG sp, kfvf zfïfrv nfsK sjfb wvDj d²¿v jvsh bf, ycdv jvsh bf, hAdHyfv jvsh bf, dbsuslv n§Àfb-n§Àdkslv rkAf jvsh bf, kfvf nÎfsb sjfb zihfl vybf j'sv vefsh bf ˆhQ n{jfspG skfmfsj zmfbA jvsh bf, kJb kfslv hfqzfk oarB jv ˆhQ kfslv ubA zfïfrv dbje [mf iafKGbf jv. dbÇyq zfïfr yvm [mfwDt, ivm lqftc.« (mcmkfdrbfr } 12)

…ÙÁ dbslGswv siad[sk ˆjlt bfvDv hfqzfk oarB jfst mrfbhD � hstdYstb, ªskfmvf zfmfv jfsY ˆ msmG hfqzfk jsvf sp, skfmvf zfïfrv nfsK sjfb djYcsj dwjG jvsh bf-----hAdHyfv jvsh bf.« kJb dr¦l dhs§À …khfr hstdYstb, `öfLDb smsqW dj hAdHyfv jsv?'

zhfj rsq ˆ iaswv mfsb rt, k]fv iajxdkok ncydvsÛ dYt sp, ˆjub öfLDbf mdrtf hAdHyfv jvsk ifsv bf. snƒ sbfQvf ufsrtD pcsoW bf. hAdHyfv jvsk ifsv lfnDvf.

2. idvwDdtk ydvÛ hù dwófyfv W zfyvB ˆmb zfsY, pf idvwDtb W zbcwDtsbv mfLAsm vå

jvf pfq. dw[f W iadw[sBv mfLAsm mfbcsNv zfyvBsj idvhdkGk W dhðÝ jvf pfq. zfv snƒ msmGƒ wvDqskv iafq njt dbslGw ˆsnsY mfbcNsj `mfbcN' v™si osV skftfv ts[A.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, ))�7�8�9)�:;<=>�:"�7-?�7/@A>��7B>��73�)م��C#�(9ق�F�<GFA�א.((� �

ªzfdm mfbcsNv swaô W nc¦lv ydvsÛv idviCBGkf lfsbv ubAƒ siadvk rsqdY.« (zfrmfl 8952, hcJfvDv zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 273, rfsjm 4221, hfƒrfj¶D 21301bQ)


mfbcsNv ydvsÛv dj idvhkGb rsk ifsv?

kfv mfsb kfv zHAfn dj hltfsk ifsv? jxiB dj lfbwDt rsk ifsv? dbtGÏ dj tÏfwDt rsk ifsv?

zsbsj LfvBf jsvb, ydvÛ hltfsbf pfq bf. zHAfn idvhkGb jvf znýh. ˆmb ˆjef rflDnW zfsY, ªpdl swfb sp, sjfb ifrfV dbu ufqof rsk nsv sosY, kfrst dhw¶fn jsvf. dj§Â pdl swfb sp, jfsvf iajxdk ifs¬e sosY, kfrst dhw¶fn jsvf bf.« (zfrmfl)

iaKmk} …ÙÁ rflDn nrDr bq. däkDqk} rflDsn iajxdk htsk pfv idvhkGb nfLsb mfbcsNv sjfb ˆJdkqfv

sbƒ. spmb mdrtfv iajxdk, dwðv iajxdk zKhf sjfb icv¢sNv mfsU nxdóok bfvD-nctH hf dwðnctH iajxdk ƒkAfdl.

i[f§Àsv ydvÛ idvhkGsb mfbcsNv rfk zfsY. mfbcsNv ˆJdkqfvfLDb zHAfn idvhkGb jvfv [mkf zfsY. sjfb mfbcNsj kfv jsmG hfLA jvf rq bf. idvshswv yfsi zHAfsnv idvhkGb Ose. zbcwDtsbv jfvsB ydvÛ Hfstf sKsj ms¦l hf m¦l sKsj Hfstfsk hlst spsk ifsv. lxP nQj¬i dbsq syóf W yyGf jvst zsbj ncydvÛsj mfbcN dbu uDhsb dydÛk jvsk ifsv.

ydvÛ idvhkGb jvf nýh hstƒ mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, ))Ty7�77��و7#7��وf7.7�)��٧(�7'8א�7.�FAFb��7f7�':S@b��7f7א'R7/7�٨(و�(<�Fd�7BF�bF$�<%7#��7f�Ku7ز)�٩�(<�Fd77��7وG�<%7#��7f�8�7�١٠())د(T��א��'��

ªwiK zfk¹fv ˆhQ kfv ncEfm oEsbv. zk}iv kfsj kfv zn{jmG W n{jsmGv Îfb lfb jsvsYb. sn nItjfm rsh, sp kfsj idvðÝ jvsh ˆhQ sn hAKG rsh, sp kfsj jtcdNk jvsh. (wfmXn } 7-10)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, >�7TوF$7ن{K��97��9�ن,�>��K�9)��7#��7�7�{)�٣٩�(��'��-S!א��

ªzfv ˆƒ sp, mfbcN kfƒ ifq, pf sn syóf jsv.« (bfuXm } 39) ydvÛ hltfsbf nýh hstƒ, zfmfslv wvDqk ydvÛsj nc¦lv jvsk …äcÝ

jsv. spmb mrfbhD � hstsYb, �»�7�F$�\- 7 >;��ز�7<�>"��>b��F�<�F$�>M8!7S�%7>�א�>��7%8�7+�:1FR@�:G«�.� �

ªzfdm ufâfskv nhfv …isv ˆj oxsrv ufdmb kfv ubA, sp kfv ydvÛsj nc¦lv jsv.« (zfhc lf†l 4802, k¶fhfvfbD 7361bQ)


vfoD ydvÛ sKsj vfo lCv jvf nýh hstƒ mrfbhD � vfo jvsk dbsNL jsvsYb. ˆj hAdÙÁ bhD �-sj htt, `zfidb zfmfsj djYc zdnqk jv¢b!' dkdb � htstb, ªkcdm vfofd¦hk rsqf bf.« sn hAdÙÁ ˆ jKfde jsqjhfv htt. dkdb (iaskAj hfsvƒ ˆjƒ jKf) htstb, ªkcdm vfofdb¶k rsqf bf.« (hcJfvD 6116bQ)

zHAfn hltfsbf zhf²Àh bq hstƒ mrfbhD � hstsYb, ))�7��)).&:'1Fd:�א��9k87&�8�8و1Fl<�:&�<%7#7:،�א7�� >�%7#�i8�7277&�7>�"<��£�728-9،�א2�<�-:�و7(8�9�7��"<��£�7�8-9،�א��<�-:�(8�9 �

ªdw[f tfsHv Ist dw[f ifWqf pfq. ndròckfv zHAfn oVst ndròc rWqf pfq. sp jtAfB zbcnáfb jvsh, kfsj kf slWqf rsh ˆhQ sp m¦l sKsj h]fyfv syóf jvsh, kfsj h]fyfsbf rsh.« (k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv 1763, zfWnfk¶ 2663, hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb 10739, dn} nrDrfr 342bQ)

zfhC nf„l JclvD � rsk hdBGk, djYc zfbnfvD zfïfrv vnCt �-ˆv jfsY djYc yfƒstb. dkdb kfslvsj dlstb. icbvfq kfvf lfhD jvt. Ist dkdb (zfhfv) kfslvsj dlstb. ˆmbdj pf djYc kf]v jfsY dYt kf nh db}swN rsq sot. zk}iv pJb dkdb nm²À dudbn dbu rfsk lfb j'sv dlstb, kJb dkdb htstb,

))�7#�<%@C7&��<!>��<%>#��< 7G�<%F�Fb�:�7�>G8د$�<-@C<!7��،�<%7#7و��<�>y<�7<��7&��:1�y>�:&�@��&r7<��7>%��9و%�7#7>��،�א>1>!<r:&�@�7 >�א��Fl7��7p>l<�@$�\�7+F$و7#7��.�א�@�&:��7?�>�:�&�8�7�77>�و%7#7>�،�אG�7]7�<א��8>��#<%�7و7$و.((� �

ªzfmfv jfsY pf djYc (mft) zfsn kf zfdm skfmfslvsj bf dlsq jJbƒ umf j'sv vfJh bf. (dj§Â skfmvf ˆjde jKf msb vfJsh,) sp hAdÙÁ yfWqf sKsj idhÛ Kfjfv syóf jvsh, zfïfr kfsj idhÛ vfJshb. zfv sp hAdÙÁ (yfWqf sKsj) zmcJfsid[kf zhtìb jvsh, zfïfr kfsj zmcJfsi[D jvshb. sp hAdÙÁ SLpG LfvB jvfv syóf jvsh zfïfr, kfsj SLpG LfvsBv [mkf ialfb jvshb. zfv sjfb hAdÙÁsj ˆmb sjfb lfb slWqf rqdb, pf ³LpG zsi[f …Ùm W dh²Àv rsk ifsv.« (hcJfvD 1469, 6470, mcndtm 2471bQ)

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }<->dFAFb�F}7.<x7�9و%&?��>��y >!7+�F�7�l>b�>1Kא��p>K�7א��FlFb�77��א�!8�س.< F�7��F��7�&>�<�7/�9k�7�>��>1�Kא��F}�>�7ذ� ?-:�א��?&%:FR��8%א>CF�7�7�7و=uF$�9א�!8�س��F��7ن':�F�<�7&{)�٣٠�(�� א��وم��'

ªkcdm ˆjdbôHfsh dbsusj LsmG iadkdôk vfJ. zfïfrv snƒ iajxdkv zbcnvB jv; sp iajxdk zbcpfqD dkdb mfbcN nxdó jsvsYb. zfïfrv nxdóv sjfb idvhkGb sbƒ. ˆdeƒ nvt LmG ; dj§Â zdLjfQw mfbcN ufsb bf.« (v™m } 30)


ˆJfsb zfïfrv nxdó hf iajxdk hst ƒntfm W kWrDlsj hcUfsbf rsqsY. …sÜwA ˆƒ sp, zfïfr kfzftf mc'dmb-jfsIv iaskAj mfbcNsj ƒntfm W kWrDslv iajxdk dlsq nxdó jsvsYb. ˆƒ ubA kWrDl mfbcsNv iajxdk zKGf{ nrufk W öHfh-LmG. spmb sp nmq zfïfr kfzftf mfbcsNv zfk¹f nxdó jsvb kJb hstb, `zfdm dj skfmfslv iadkiftj bƒ?' kfv …Ùsv mfbcN hstdYt, zhwAƒ. ˆ sKsjW idv®jfv hcUf pfq sp, mfbcsNv zfnt LmG rt ˆjk¶hfl.

dj§Â idvshswv yfsiW iajxdkv idvhkGb Oesk ifsv. dhdHâ Jfvfi idvshw zKhf zbA sjfb iadkháj zsbjsj snƒ iajxdk (ƒntfsm) iadkdôk Kfjsk hfLf lfb jsv; Ist kfvf jfsIv rsqƒ Kfsj. spmb bhD � rflDsn hstsYb,

))_�@u7'>�@'د��#�:�F�':&��F�7��>�7�l>y�7'7א�:�א"FAFb�>1>و>�&:.7'?د7א�F$�>1>و>�&:!�7?�7א�F$�>1>��7�?S7�:&.((� �ªiaskAj dwð (ƒntfsmv) iajxdkv …iv u¦m sbq. dj§Â kfv dikf-mfkf

kfsj ƒqfùlD, dJaófb zKhf zdoíCuj hfdbsq slq.« (hcJfvD 1359, 4775, mcndtm 6926bQ)

ªzfïfrv nxdóv sjfb idvhkGb sbƒ.« ˆv mfsb ˆƒ bq sp, iajxdkv idvhkGb rsk ifsv bf. hvQ ˆv zKG rt, zfïfrv snƒ nxdó hf iajxdksj idvhkGb jsvf bf; ndEj kvdhqk dlsq kfv tftb-iftb jv W kfsj hV jsv skfstf. pfsk „mfb W kWrDl jdy-j]fyf dwðslv msb-iafsB hÝmCt rsq pfq. ˆJfsb hfjAde Jhv öv™i iasqfo jvf rsqsY. dj§Â hAhrfv rsqsY zfÎfv zsKG. zKGf{, sbdkhfyj hfjA dbsNLfÎfv zsKG hAhrfv rsqsY. (`zfïfrv nxdóv sjfb idvhkGb sbƒ' zKGf{, `zfïfrv nxdóv sjfb idvhkGb jsvf bf.') (û} zfrnfbct hfqfb)

ydvsÛv idvhkGb rq hstƒ skf zfïfrv jfsY iafKGbf j'sv yfWqf rq, ))��Fe��7.7~? �7��<p�?!7��<�و7אF���>�<f+>��9%7א�F��<GFق�F$�Ke9)��7.>!7��<+F��<�>��<.7&�Fe�9>�;�7،و7א9��<3

7;<�F$�Ke9)��7.7~? 7��<p?!7��:�9�<�7&.((� �ªnc¦lvkm ydvsÛv iadk zfmfsj iK slJfW, spsrkc kcdm YfVf zbA sj…

nc¦lvkm ydvsÛv iadk iK slJfsk ifsv bf. m¦l ydvÛsj zfmfv dbje rsk lCsv vfJ, spsrkc kcdm YfVf zbA sj… m¦l ydvÛsj zfmfv dbje sKsj lCv jvsk ifsv bf.« (mcndtm 1848bQ)


�ncydvÛ rt äDsbv zfk¹f

mcndtsmv n¤ydvÛkf spb sofef äDbefƒ. icsvf äDblfvD, zfbcokA W icBAhÙfƒ spb n¤ydvÛkf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

>1<�א�!8�س:�F}>�y7��p>b�FJ�7+��7#،�وf9�Fu7>;�7$ن>�&�Kl7<[7:�+:�>%:�א�@�@9k،�و7א]�9>-:�:�א��<�_�(F�7��.(� �ªicBAhÙf rt n¤ydvÛkfv bfm ˆhQ ifi rt kfƒ, pf skfmfv z§Àsv ns¦lr

nxdó jsv ˆhQ kf stfsj susb sItcj---ˆ jKf kcdm ziY¦l jv.« (mcndtm 6680-6681bQ)

zfv snƒ n¤ydvÛkfv idviCBGkf nfLsbv ts[Aƒ siadvk rsqdYstb mrfb ydvsÛv zdLjfvD mrfbhD �. dkdb hstsYb,

))�7�8�9)�:;<=>�:"�7-?�7/@A>��7B>��73�)م��C#�(9ق�F�<GFA�א.((� �ªzfdm mfbcsNv swaô W nc¦lv ydvsÛv idviCBGkf lfsbv ubAƒ siadvk

rsqdY.« (zfrmfl 8952, hcJfvDv zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 273, rfsjm 4221, hfƒrfj¶D 21301bQ) nckvfQ ƒntfmD n¤ydvÛkfq zfmvf sp njt ³hdwóA slJsk ifƒ, kfv msLA

Èv¢k¶iCBG rt jsqjde dhNq }- 1. ƒntfmD n¤ydvÛkfv …{n rt zrD, jcvzfb W nrDr ncâfr. pfv ubA

kf nhG pcsov nhG ²¿fsbv njt swaBDv mfbcsNv ubA …ispfoD. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��dF�<G$�<-@C7!7�<+$�<-@u9��7 >G�<%>#�8ن).(( ªskfmfslv msLA snƒ hAdÙÁƒ …Ùm, sp skfmfslv msLA nc¦lvkm ydvsÛv

zdLjfvD.« (hcJfvD 3559, 3759, mcndtm 6177bQ) 2. ƒntfmD n¤ydvÛkf rt hAhrfdvj W hf²Àsh iasqfospfoA. ðLc kÙ¶ƒ bq,

hvQ hf²Àsh zfmtspfoA. zfècïfr dhb zfmXv �-sj vfnCtcïfr � hstdYstb, ))\]7"<�F$�8(9ذ7א�%@u�F} >b��F�Fb�F}< F�7��7#�F}7/�Fb�<%>#��7 �و7+:��>%:��+��7<& ��و37<��>ق:��$�y>+��M�7��7#F¤@��א��_�>�MFR >�7G�mMKy>�7و�p>b��<.@h.((� �

ªskfmfv msLA yfvde dudbn rst lcdbqfv zfv djYc bf sistW skfmfv hsq pfsh bf; 1. zfmfbk v[f jvf, 2. nkA jKf htf, 3. ydvÛ nc¦lv jvf ˆhQ 4. rftft JflA JfWqf.« (zfrmfl 6652, k¶fhfvfbD, hfƒrfj¶D, dn} nrDrfr 733bQ)

3. ƒntfmD ydvsÛv …iv …äcÝjfvD mCt dudbn rt, mcndtsmv msb mrfb zfïfrv Hq, k]fv ±mvB ˆhQ k]fv n§Âdóv zbcnáfb.


zfhC ùvfƒvf � hstb, vfnCtcïfr �-sj duÎfnf jvf rt sp, `sjfbX zfmt mfbcNsj shdw ufâfsk dbsq pfsh?' dkdb htstb,

))�9k@�@و7+:�%:�א��>��))./�i7'R7א �ªzfïfr-HDdk W n¤ydvÛ.« (dkvdmpD 2004bQ ,ƒhsb drêfb 476bQ, hcJfvDv

zflh 289 W 294bQ, ƒhsb mfufr 4246bQ, zfrmfl 2/392, rfsjm 4/234 ) dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,

�)).�b��y.��و&��Cא�#'��#��pو��א��ل��0 ��א��(ن(( �ªdbÇyq zfïfr nc¦lv, dkdb snZ¦lpGsj iY¦l jsvb. dkdb nc…¤y ydvÛsj

Hfstfhfsnb ˆhQ OxBf jsvb sbfQvf ydvÛsj.« (k¶fhfvfbDv zfWnfk¶ 6906, nrDùt ufsm 1743bQ)

4. ƒntfmD ydvsÛ sjht ialwGbƒ psKó bq, hvQ kfsk zf§Àvdjkf W zfïfrv ubA dhðÝkf zfhwAj. spsrkc mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))>M8 �7�ل:�"<��!?<�FA�7��א�8�9).((� �ªpfhkDq jfpG dbqk hf nQjs¬iv …iv dbHGvwDt.« (hcJfvD 1bQ, mcndtm

1907bQ) 5. ƒntfmD ydvsÛv dhNqfhtD Jch pcdÙÁpcÙÁ W dhshjoafrA. wvDqskv

iaskAj zfslw-dbsNsLv iÇyfsk ˆjef bf ˆjef drjmk zfsY, spZdÙÁjkf zfsY. spmb,

}Fe77":'א�و�R7/��7�?vن�7(18�9:�א��Fu�M7�>+�Fb��7�7��و >�7�{)�٣٢�(��א]��א��' �ªskfmvf hAdHyfsvv dbjehkDG rsqf bf, dbÇyq kf zw½Dt W dbjxó

‚yvB.« (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 32) }�7&��7._&F$�7%&>XK7��7#4!:'א�א��8�9)�:�<�7 >�<�:�א7��#��9��7?�%>��T<x9\�و7א�Fز>Feم:�و7א�7��F��:�و7א��א��8 >Fl�ن7��9

:�':�>!7<x�Fb�<-@CK�7�F��72:'ن>�y:/)�٩٠�(�7�7 >�!F$��7]�>d':&��:-@C7ن�א��8 >Fl�ن:�&:�8�9)�:�&9"��F�7א7��7��אو��7� �<r7��و7א��p�>b�7��9�>�9א�>�< 7��א��'��)��٩١(}#_!7.:'نFb�-:�F$�7.�7>�א��F�8<�و�9%7�7א��1<�ذ<7��9�u%�وu8�:�7&7@->�و7א� �

ªsr dhÇhfdnoB! ml, ucqf, mCdkGiCufv shlD W HfoAdbBGfqj wv OxBA h²Â wqkfsbv jfu. nckvfQ skfmvf kf huGb jv, pfsk skfmvf nItjfm rsk ifv. wqkfb skf ml W ucqf äfvf skfmfslv msLA wÛ¢kf W dhsäN Oefsk yfq ˆhQ skfmfslvsj zfïfrv n¹vB W bfmfsp hfLf dlsk yfq! zkˆh skfmvf dj dbhxÙ rsh bf? (mfdqlfr } 90-91)

zbcv™i iaskAj n¤ydvÛkfv diYsbW zhwAƒ sjfb bf sjfb mÌt zfsY, drjmk zfsY. pf jfsvf nc²¿ dhshj zoafrA jsv bf. (û} mfjfdvmct zfJtfj¶ 12-13ix})�


ncydvÛ W „mfb

mcndtsmv n¤ydvÛkf sjfb mprfhD mkhfl bq, sjfb ³hqfdÙÁj ncdhLfhfl bq ˆhQ kf sjfb idvshwok zfyfv-zfyvB bq, pf kfv idvhkGsbv Ist ydvsÛvW idvhkGb Oesk Kfjsh. zfnst n¤ydvÛkf rt ndEj „mfb sKsj dhjDBG zfstf, pf mc'dmsbv slr W mbsj zfstfdjk jsv. ncydvÛ sjfb dhd¤Yâ mfrfk¹A W mrÙ¶ bq, hvQ kf ˆjde dwjstvƒ jsqjde jVf, zfjDlf, ƒhflk W hAhrfv. nckvfQ mcndtsmv zfjDlf n¤ydvÛkfv nfsK n©ixÙÁ, kfv ƒhflk n¤ydvÛkfv nfsK udVk ˆhQ kfv zfyfv-zfyvBW nc¦lv ydvsÛv nfsK dmdtk W pcÙÁ. ˆÈdtv msLA sjfbW ˆjefsk Û¢de Oest mc'dmsbv „mfsb Û¢de Ose Kfsj.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, �»Fe��>�<v7&�p>8א�v�7א��>+�p>�<v7&�7':f7و�\%>#<o:#�Fe79ق:�&�7>�9ق:�و��وo�:#�Fe7>#<%\��وf7:�'��7&��7>�9ق:��+<��7א��8�:�7�<�7&�7�<��.�»#:o>#<%\�وf7:'�7&�7>�7":.7��+<��7א7��

ªsjfb hAdHyfvD pJb hAdHyfv jsv, kJb mc'dmb Kfjf zh²¿fq sn hAdHyfv jvsk ifsv bf. sjfb syfv pJb ycdv jsv, kJb mc'dmb Kfjf zh²¿fq sn ycdv jvsk ifsv bf ˆhQ sjfb mlAifqD pJb mlAifb jsv, kJb mc'dmb Kfjf zh²¿fq sn mlAifb jvsk ifsv bf.« (hcJfvD 2475, mcndtm 211bQ, zfnrfsh ncbfb)

idviCBG mc'dmb dmKAf htsk ifsv bf. dmKAf htfv zHAfn rt jfsIv W mcbfdIsjv. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}�7�8�9)��9�7y7&�7�>XFC��7%א&>XKא��Fe�7ن':!>#<o:&�>W�7&�>"�>1א��F}>~�<و7$@و�:-:f�7ذ<":'ن�FC�א�!�2)��١٠٥(}�א ªpfvf zfïfrv zfqfsk dhÇhfn jsv bf, kfvfƒ ðLc dmKAf …ßfhb jsv ˆhQ

kfvfƒ dmKAfhflD.« (bfrXt } 105)�iCBGfÌ mc'dmb nhGlf zdHwfijfvD rsk ifsv bf. jKfq-jKfq hÜczf dlsk

ifsv bf. (dkvdmpD 2019bQ) ˆmb jvst ufbsk rsh, kfv „mfb iCBGfÌ bq.

sp hAdÙÁ dbsuv ubA pf iY¦l jsv, kf pdl zisvv ubA iY¦l bf jsv, kfrst snW idviCBG „mfsbv mc'dmb rsk ifsv bf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,�

�»i>XKو7א��>�y7��>�>�7 >"�Fe�:%>#<o:&�7�\�<��87+��8��>2:&��>�9��7S>��−�<وF$��7ل��Fd��>1� >GF��−��7#��_��>2:&�>1>�y7!>�«�.� �

ªsnƒ nÙfv wiK, p]fv rfsk zfmfv iafB zfsY! sjfb hf¦lf kk[B ipG§À


(iCBG) mcdmb rsk ifsv bf, pk[B ipG§À bf sn kfv iadkshwD zKhf (sjfb) Hfƒsqv ubA kfƒ iY¦l jsvsY, pf sn dbsuv ubA jsv.« (mcndtm 180bQ)

zbcv™i snƒ hAdÙÁv „mfbW zn©iCBG, sp sieiCBG Jfq zKy ifsw kfv iadkshwD zbfrfsv Kfsj. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�»7T< F��:%>#<o:��:�:�&�7>�7[:�א��i>XKא��7x77��<[\�وx��F�9)�>1>�<!7x«�.� �ªsn mcdmb bq, sp Hvsie Jfq zKy kfv ifsw kfv iadkshwD zbfrfsv

Kfsj.« (hcJfvDv zflfh 112, k¶fhfvfbD 12573, rfsjm, hfƒrfjD 20160, nrDùt ufsm 5382bQ)

sp iadkshwDsj jó slq, sn ydvÛhfb rsk ifsv bf, kfv „mfbW idviCBG bq. ˆjlf zfïfrv bhD � jnm j'sv htstb,

�)):%>#<o:&�Fe�>��)).و7א�<�o:&�Fe>#<%:�،�و7א�<�o:&�Fe>#<%:�،�و7א �ªzfïfrv jnm! sn hAdÙÁ mc'dmb bq. zfïfrv jnm! sn hAdÙÁ mc'dmb bq.

zfïfrv jnm! sn hAdÙÁ mc'dmb bq.« �))�:1FR>7'7א�"�:�:��7x�:%7#A7&�Fe��>XKא�.((� �

dusÎn jvf rt, `sjfbX hAdÙÁ? sr zfïfrv vnCt!' dkdb htstb, ªsp stfsjv iadkshwD kfv zdbó sKsj dbvfisl Kfsj bf.« (hcJfvD 6016, mcndtm 181bQ)

htf hfùtA, ncydvÛ mfbcsNv „mfsbv ltDt. ydvÛhfb mcndtm iCBG „mfsbv mc'dmb. sp pk shdw ydvÛhfb, sn kk hV mc'dmb ˆhQ sp pk shdw idviCBG mc'dmb, sn kk hV ncydvsÛv zdLjfvD.

„mfsbv nfsK ncydvsÛv dbÈP n©ijG zfsY hstƒ mrfb zfïfr „mfsbv jKf …sïJ j'sv mc'dmbsj nsìfLb jsvsYb ˆhQ ydvÛhfb rsk hstsYb. spmb dkdb hstsYb,

}�7&��7._&F$�7%&>XKא�7#4!:'א�א�'@R8/א�א��71א':�'@u7�7#7[�7و�>d>�١١٩(}א��8�د�(��'��M"'`א�� ªsr „mfblfvoB! skfmvf zfïfrsj Hq jv ˆhQ nkAhflDslv nÌD rW.«

(kfWhfr } 119) nckvfQ wdÙÁwftD „mfb wdÙÁwftD n¤ydvÛkf nxdó jsv. zfv yfdvdÛj

zh[q „mfsb [q W Ln zfbqb jsv. …lfrvB öv™i tÏfwDtkf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

7��7(ن8((F�ن�7א�Z9[�9��وא�@d�� 7xذא�,b�7]>b:��:f:�+$�7]>b:��:�7Gא�.((� �ªzhwAƒ tÏfwDtkf W „mfb ˆjƒ nCsÛ o]fKf. ˆjde yst sost zivdeW


yst pfq.« (rfsjm 58, dmwjfk 5094, nrDùt ufsm 1603bQ) pdl jfsvf „mfb Kfsj, kfrst sn ˆ jfu jvsh bf. zfv sp ˆ jfu jsv

kfv „mfb idviCBG rsk ifsv bf. spmb mrfbhD � hstsYb, >.7��&:�7א�:��R7&��F�7��7�>��7#:�7نF�Fb�8��אG��<��9و7א� 7'>مFu�:%>#<o:&�>1K��>"�9�ن%7#�7>((F�7��9�<��Fu�ن��7و7��>"��<%�7#7:%>#<o:&�>1K��>"�7 �F�Fb��אG��<��9و7א� 7'>مFu�:%>#<o:/�>1K��>"�9��7;>�و7#7%>�"<,9ز7א��(K�9��א72��8�مF�Fb�<�:G<�7&�7��אG��<��9'>م9و7א�<�:G<�7/�78�م��)).א72� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfr W ivjfst dhÇhfn vfsJ, sn spb zhwAƒ ˆmb (sHfusbv) l²ÀvJfsb bf hsn, pfsk mlA idvshdwk rq. sp hAdÙÁ zfïfr W ivjfst dhÇhfn vfsJ, sn spb nfLfvB sofntJfbfq dhh²Ã rsq iashw bf jsv. zfv sp mdrtf zfïfr W ivjfst dhÇhfn vfsJ, sn spb nfLfvB sofntJfbfq iashw bf jsv.« (zfrmfl 125, nrDr kfvoDh 167bQ)

�))��Fy< 7s�<9م�C: �Fb�9�>G7'م�9א� �<�و7א��"�:%>#<o:&�7ن�Fu�<%7#��9��>G�7'م�9א� �<�و7א��"�:%>#<o�:&�7ن�Fu�<%7#71:،�و�<;:�<�7 7 >�א�$Fو>��<G�<�@R7 �Fb�9�>G7'م�9א� �<�و7א��>"�:%>#<o:&�7ن�Fu�<%7#717:�،�و�>+7��<�>�7 �Fb.((� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfr W swN dlsbv iadk dhÇhfn vfsJ, sn spb kfv smsrmfsbv Jfdkv jsv. sp hAdÙÁ zfïfr W ivjfstv iadk dhÇhfn vfsJ, sn spb zfk¹Dqkfv háb z[cB vfsJ. ˆhQ sp hAdÙÁ zfïfr W ivjfstv iadk dhÇhfn vfsJ, sn spb Hft jKf hst, bsy{ yci Kfsj.« (hcJfvD 6138bQ)

�))��F�< F�7�7'>م�و&�F�7¦>��7#�:�>b�7�:/�9�>G7'م�9א� �<�و7א��>"�:%>#<o:/��F$7�<#e>�_�>27&�Fe�7[�7ذ<��#27>��7م��#�Ke9)��M��7.< F�7��.((>1< F�7��\ky`#� �

ªzfïfr W swN dlhsnv iadk sp bfvD „mfb vfsJ, kfv mfrvfsmv nÌ YfVf ˆjfdjbD ˆj dlb ˆj vfskv lCvk¶ nIv jvf ³hL bq.« (hcJfvD 1088, mcndtm 3331-3332bQ)

�<�و7א� 7'>م��9((�>"�:%>#<o:/��F$7�<#e>�_�>27&�Fe��F��Ke9)�،7�ل� F��>§F�7��7ق'Fb��;? 7#��F�7��8�>2:/�<نF$�9�>Gא��>"aF$�FM7�7>.:��و�7�7>�אF$ز7و>ج�.((� �

ªsp ²ÃDstfj zfïfr W ivjfstv iadk „mfb vfsJ, kfv is[ öfmD YfVf zbA sjfb mxk hAdÙÁv ubA dkb dlsbv shwD swfj iftb jvf ufsqp bq. zhwA kfv öfmDv ubA sn yfv mfn lw dlb swfj iftb jvsh.« (hcJfvD 1282, 5334, mcndtm 3798-3799bQ)

ˆƒHfsh iaskAj ncydvsÛv n©ijG jfsqm jvf rsqsY „mfsbv nfsK. zfv jcydvsÛv n©ijG sufVf rsqsY mcbfdIjDv nfsK. mrfbhD � hstsYb,


Fu�>1�ن7G��R>b�7!:#�7��<��،�و��7((�>b�8%@u�<%7#�\]7"<�F$��mMF�<��7G�>1 >b�7ن�Fu�8%:.<!>#�mMF�<�7G�>1 >b�<;7��Fu�<%7#7��7،�و7(9ذ7א��:�#<�7%א�!?Fy�ق��87+�9&7�7�7.��F|�7��7f�7�7�7،�و7(9ذ7א��X�Fu�7§8��7+7�ن�7،�و7(9ذ7א�G�7%>�:/< (9ذ7א�א

�7�7SFb�7-73�7G.�((� �ªyfvde öHfh pfv msLA Kfjsh sn J]fde mcbfdIj¶ oBA rsh. zfv sp hAdÙÁv

mfsU kfv mLA rsk ˆjde öHfh Kfjsh, kf kAfo bf jvf ipG§À kfv msLA mcbfdIjslv ˆjde öHfh sKsj pfsh. (sn öHfhÈdt rt,) 1. kfv jfsY zfmfbk vfJf rst dJqfbk jsv. 2. jKf htst dmKAf hst. 3. Wqflfr jvst kf HÌ jsv ˆhQ 4. UoVf-dhhfsl dtå rst zw½Dt HfNf hst.« (hcJfvD 34, 2459, mcndtm 219bQ)

ydvÛ oEsb ƒhflskv HCdmjf

mrfb zfïfr mfbcNsj k]fv ƒhflskv ubAƒ nxdó jsvsYb. dj§Â kfsk sjhtƒ ƒhflkƒ zfsY, mrfb zfïfrv ùjcsmv kfmDt zfsY, k]fv ±mvB zfsY, kf bq. hvQ kfskW zfsY mfbh-ydvsÛv nc¦lv iadw[B W zbcwDtb.

…lfrvB öv™i, bfmfp mfbcNsj nmqfbchdkGkf dw[f slq. sbkfv sbkxk¶ smsb ytfv iadw[B slq.

bfmfp mfbcNsj sbfQvf jfu W zw½Dtkf sKsj lCsv svsJ ydvÛhfb hfbfq. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}9->dF$7و�F��F�89ن�8א��)�F��F�87/�9%7!>.��7א��2>��7�Fy��9א��FC!:��F�<�7&��7#-:��و7א��7�uF$��:1�K:��א��1�K<��و�u>X�F�7:��و7א��)��٤٥(}/�7>!�7:'ن7'��W'�C!א��

ªskfmfv iadk sp oa§¿ zrD jvf rsqsY kf ifE jv ˆhQ pKfpKHfsh bfmfp iV. dbÇyq bfmfp zw½Dt W m¦l jfu sKsj dhvk vfsJ. zfv zhwAƒ zfïfrv ±mvB nhGswaô. skfmvf pf jv, zfïfr kf ufsbb.« (zfbjfhCk } 45)

bfmfp mrfb iadkiftsjv nfsK n©ijG nclxP jsv. bfmfp nmfsuv nfsK ncn©ijG hufq vfJsk zHAfnD hfbfq. ufmfzfkhÝ

uDhsbv Èv¢k¶ zfsvfi jsv. pfjfkW mfbcsNv ydvÛ nc¦lv jsv, nQswfLb W idhÛ jsv. mrfb zfïfr

hstsYb, }<X:G�<%>#�<-9.>7א�'<#F$�MFd7�73�<-:f:�?.Fl:/�79-و. Nu7v:/��7.>"{)�١٠٣�(��'��M"'`א��

ªkcdm kfslv Lb-n©il rsk n¶flj¶fr oarB jv, pfv äfvf kcdm kfslvsj idhÛ W idvswfdLk j'sv slsh.« (kfWhfr } 103)


htf hfùtA, pfjfk mfbcsNv mfsU hlfbAkf nxdó jsv, zfk¹sjd¦ûjkf rsk lCsv vfsJ, jxiBkf W hAqjcØkfv ydvÛ sKsj idhÛ jsv.

svfpfv ƒhflk skf mfbcNsj mcÙfj¶D-ivsrpofv hfbfsbfv ubAƒ Ivp jvf rsqsY. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}�7&��7._&F$�7%&>XK7#4�7!:'א�א��>@u�:-@C< F�7��:7�م �7��א��?Fu�7�>@u��F�7��7%&>XKא��%>#�<-@C>�<�Fd�<-@CK�7�F��7ن'@R87/{� �ªsr dhÇhfdnoB! skfmfslv ubA dnqfsmv (svfpfv) dhLfb slWqf rt, spmb

dhLfb skfmfslv iChGhkDGoBsj slWqf rsqdYt, pfsk skfmvf nQpmwDt rsk ifv.« (hfj¶fvfr } 183)

htf hfùtA, svfpf svfpflfsvv ydvÛ nQswfLb jsv, ³LpGwDtkf swJfq, spZb-ëókf sKsj v[f jsv. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

� 7v77و8ج>�א�7��C<!>#�F�7@-:�א�>Fl7�ع�7#9%�7א��7�8��<��7#>��7�7&7�«�Fb�:18�9,Fb�_�F|F$�9�7�7��>��:%7�<+F$7ج�9و<�Fy�>��<%�7#7و��<-�F��<]>l7<�7&�>1< F�7�Fb�918�9:�"<��8'>م,Fb�:1F��\��7x9و«�.� �

ªsr pchjlt! skfmfslv msLA sp hAdÙÁ (dhhfsrv zKGf{ ²ÃDv HvBsifNB W vdkdÛÁqfv) nfmKGA vfsJ sn spb dhhfr jsv. jfvB, dhhfr y[csj l²Âvmk nQpk jsv ˆhQ tÏf²¿fb drIfpk jsv. zfv sp hAdÙÁ ‰ nfmKGA vfsJ bf sn spb svfpf vfsJ. jfvB, kf spZsbd¦ûq lmbjfvD.« (hcJfvD 5065-5066, mcndtm 3464-3466, dmwjfk 3080bQ)

svfpflfsvv jkGhA nìsá mrfbhD � hstsYb, �))9)��،�:1�F�7/�Fd�<وF$�\��7+F$�:18"��7��<9ن,�Fb�،�<�7�<��7&�Fe7و�< �@b<�7&�F�Fb�،�<-@u>�7+F$�9ن�7&7'>م:�73'>م�Fuذ7א��<�@R7 �Fb�:�\->��73�p?�).((� �

ªpJb skfmfslv jfsvf svfpfv dlb rsh, sn spb zw½Dt HfNf iasqfo bf jsv W Sr-rÕsoft bf jsv. zfv pdl sj… oftfofdt jsv zKhf kfv nfsK tVfƒ UoVf jsv, kfrst sn spb hst sp, `zfdm svfpflfv.« (hcJfvD 1904, mcndtm 2762bQ)

�»7T< F��:7�م �$Fb��F}8"��7��\��7+F,9ن>.�و7א��Fb8 <�א��rK>'#�9<�7%א��? 7�م:�(8�9�FRFb�.�7��و7א��8>�<�א�#�9�uF<�7%א��? >{F$�7�9.7x�Fو>F�7��<�FRFb�:��?�9)�\->��73�،��?�9)�\->��73«�.� �

ªsjht ifbfrfv sKsj dhvk Kfjfv bfmƒ svfpf bq. svfpf skf znfv, hfsu W zw½Dt jKf sKsj dhvk Kfjfv bfm. pdl skfmfsj sj… ofdt slq zKhf skfmfv nfsK sj… mCJGfdm jsv ksh kfsj ht, `zfdm svfpf svsJdY. zfdm svfpf svsJdY.« (rfsjm 1570, hfƒrfj¶D 8096, ƒhsb Jcpfƒmf 1996, nrDùt ufsm' 5376bQ)

svfpfv zfnt …sÜwA nfdLk bf rst svfpf sp n©iCBG rq bf, sn hAfifsv mrfbhD � hstsYb,


�7�<�+F$�p>b�mM7x�7ن>�&7�7ع7�Fh�7�#17:�و7�7a7א"17:�((�T< F�Fb�>1>"�7�7��)).F��<%7#->�&7�7ع>�Fd'>ل�7א�v_و��9و7א��7 �ªpJb sjfb hAdÙÁ dmKAf jKf htf W kfv …iv zfmt idvrfv bf jvt,

kJb zfïfrv sjfb lvjfv sbƒ sp, sn kfv ifbfrfv kAfo jv¢j.« (hcJfvD 1903, 6057bQ)

bfmfp-svfpf mfbcsNv ydvÛ oEb jsv. zfhfv ncydvsÛv mfLAsm mfbcN bfmfp-svfpfv nWqfh tfH jvsk ifsv. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))<o@�9(ن�8א�->��FRא��8��<-�9א��FM7x7��R@�:G�9%<�:2>"�@J9<�1د7<�: F��7%>#.((� �ªzhwAƒ mc'dmb kfv nlfyfdvkfv jfvsB dlsb (bIt) svfpflfv ˆhQ vfsk

(bIt) ƒhflkjfvDv mpGflf sisq Kfsj.« (zfhc lf…l 4800bQ) zbcv™i rÏW mfbcsNv ydvÛ nQswfLb jsv ˆhQ rfuDsj ifi sKsj nlAianCk

dwðv mskf idhÛ j'sv nc¦lv mfbcNv™si Osv dIdvsq zfsb. rsÏW zfsY hlfbAkf, nrbwDtkf W ³LpGwDtkf, [mfwDtkf W …lfvkf, nQpmwDtkf W ivsrpofdv, mrfb zfïfrv iakDjnmCsrv kf'pDsmv mfLAsm k]fv kfj¶Wqf.

dkdb hstsYb,�}_ª72�א�\�:.<aF$�\W�7#'@�<�8#�%7�Fb�77ض�Fb�8%9. >b��8אª72�F�Fb�7 Fb7��Fe7ق�7و':�@b�Fe77אل�7و�>x�p>b�?ª72�א�7 >��#<%>�/�7�y7@'א�و7#7�G�:1<�F�<�7&�:17و8د:وא�א��v7/79ن�8و,Fb�7�< 7G�>8אدvא��i7'R8ن�9א�'@R8/7��و7א&�p>�<7��<�$@وFא�{��

ªncdhdlk mfsn (pKf } wWqft, dptj¶l W dptrsÏ) rÏ¶ rq. nckvfQ sp sj… ˆƒ mfnÈdtsk rÏ jvfv nQj¬i jsv, sn spb rsÏv nmq ²ÃD-nrhfn (sjfb iajfv spZbfyfv), ifi jfu ˆhQ UoVf-dhhfl bf jsv. skfmvf sp n{jfu jv, zfïfr kf ufsbb. zfv skfmvf (ivjfstv) ifsKq nQoar jv ˆhQ zfk¹nQpmƒ swaô ifsKq. sr ÎfdboB! skfmvf zfmfsjƒ Hq jv.« (hfj¶fvfr } 197)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, }F}>�7و7#7%�ذ�<-Nz7�:&�7�>��7�7a�>1K7.8�9��א��,Fb�%>#�i7'R7/�>�'@�@R��٣٢(}�א�(��'��ª��א� �

ªêfƒ (zfïfrv) dhLfb. zfv sj… zfïfrv (äDsbv) iakDjnmCsrv n©mfb jvst êf skf kfv r™lsqv nQpmwDtkfvƒ hdr}iajfw.« (rfÏ } 32)

rÏjsmGv icsvfefƒ n¤ydvÛkf. snJfsb rfuD n¤ydvÛkf ialwGsb pkhfb Kfsj. sj… jfsvf iadk vfo slJfq bf, sj… jf…sj ofdt slq bf, sj… jfsvf iadk zbAfqfyvB jsv bf. mÄfq dosq iafq 20 dlb mskf Kfjsk rq ˆhQ njt iajfv dbqmfbchdkGkfv dbslGw iftb j'sv ytsk rq. dÛw t[fdLj rfuD iaskAj hYv snJfsb umfsqk rq. snƒ iayà dHsVv mfsU dbsuv ncydvÛ,


zfk¹nQpm W zfk¹nQhvB iasqfo jvsk rq. snƒ bfvD-icv¢sNv jdEb dHsV icv¢Nsj icv¢sNv mskf ˆhQ bfvDsj bfvDv mskf nlfyvB ialwGb jvsk rq. ˆjƒ nfsK dmbf pfÛf, snJfb rsk zfvfIfk, zfvfIfk rsk mcplfdtIf ˆhQ mcplfdtIf rsk icbvfq dmbfq sIvf. ˆƒ pfkfqfk W zh²¿fsbv mfsU jkef nQpm W dbqmfbchdkGkf lvjfv? jkef nlfyvB iasqfub?

nckvfQ sp rfuD 30 t[fdLj bfvD-icv¢sNv mfsU iafq 20 dlb n¤ydvÛkfv zbcwDtb ifq, sn dIsv ˆsn dbu dikf-mfkf, ²ÃD-n§Àfb, zfk¹Dq-iadkshwD W nmfsuv nfsK snƒ nlfyvB ialwGb jvsh bf?

htf hfùtA, ˆƒHfsh njt ƒhflskv iÇyfsk zfsY ydvÛ oEsbv …ijfdvkf, nc¦lv mfbcN rWqfv kfjDl ˆhQ n¤ydvÛkfv dbslGw. (û} mfjfdvmct zfJtfj¶ 36ix})

ðLc kfƒ bq, ƒhflk zsi[f ncydvsÛv Èv¢k¶ shdw. zsbsjƒ ƒhflk jsv, dj§Â ydvsÛ nÏb rsk ifsv bf. rqskf-hf kfslv ƒhflk dEjmskf jfsu tfso bf. bsy{ jDHfsh bfmfpD rsq zShL bfvD-siasm udVk rsk ifsv? jDHfsh ˆjub kfrfÏcl isV zfhfv sbfQvf dI¬mXW slsJ? jDHfsh bfmfpD mdrtf öfmDv nfsK Hfstf hAhrfv ialwGb jsv bf? w¶ðv-wfðVDv nfsK nßfh sbƒ? bfmfpD zKy mfbcsNv nfsK hAhrfv Hfstf bq?

sn pfƒ srfj, ƒntfsm bIt bfmfp-svfpfv yfƒsk n¤ydvÛkfv shdw mfrfk¹A zfsY. ˆ hAfifsv dbdÇyk rsk dbsmv rflDnde iVcb.

zfhC ùvfƒvf � hstb, ˆj hAdÙÁ htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zmcj mdrtf shwD shwD (bIt) bfmfp isV, svfpf vfsJ W lfb-Jqvfk jsv hst …sïJ jvf rq; dj§Â sn dbu duH äfvf (znHA jKf hst hf ofdt dlsq) iadkshwDsj jó slq. (kfv hAfifsv zfibfv zdHmk jD?)' dkdb htstb,

))7p>f�p>b�9��)).�א�!8� ªsn slfpsJ pfsh.« stfjde zfhfv htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zmcj mdrtf z¬i (bIt) bfmfp

isV, svfpf vfsJ W lfb-Jqvfk jsv hst …sïJ jvf rq; dj§Â sn dbu duH äfvf (znHA jKf hst hf ofdt dlsq) iadkshwDsj jó slq bf. (kfv hAfifsv zfibfv zdHmk jD?)' dkdb htstb,

))7p>f�p>b�>M8!7S�א��.(( ªsn shsrsñ pfsh.« (zfrmfl 9675, ƒhsb drêfb 5764, rfsjm 7305, nrDr kfvoDh 2560bQ) zfsvf ˆjde rflDn iadBLfb jv¢b, êfW zfhC ùvfƒvfr � jkGxj hdBGk, ˆjlf vfnCtcïfr � htstb,


ªskfmvf dj ufb, db}ö sj?« k]fvf htstb, `zfmfslv msLA db}ö ‰ hAdÙÁ, pfv jfsY sjfb dlvrfm ˆhQ sjfb zfnhfh-iÛ sbƒ.' dkdb htstb,

��F�7�"�>M7#و37< �م�وزu7��،�و&�p/Aو7X�7f�7-7�7a�<�Fdא��((�R7'م�7א�&�p/A&�<%7#�«8#@$�<%>#�7T�y@ن�8א�)��b�،7א�X7f�7�7�7s77א�،�وX7f�7د7م�F}Fy77א�،�و�X7f�7�7#�ل�FuF$77א،�وX7f�7�7XFd7א�#<%>�+7��7!7�/<1<��،�وX7f��Fl<�:

��-:f��&�Fl7G�<%�#�7X�>G@$�،�>1� F�7��7#��^R:&�<ن$��<�Fd�1:/�!7�7+�<;7 >!Fb�<ن,b�،�>1/�!�7+�<%>#7א�X7fو�،9� h�8-:��،�>1@��7¢9א�!8�F�7��<;7+9�@lFb.((� �

ªzfmfv …©mskv msLA (zfnt) db}ö skf snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp djqfmskv dlb bfmfp, svfpf W pfjfskv (sbjD) dbsq rfdpv rsh. (dj§Â ˆv nfsK nfsK sn ˆ zh²¿fq zfnsh sp, sn jf…sj ofdt dlsqsY. jfsvf iadk dmKAf zihfl zfsvfi jsvsY, jfsvf (zShLv™si) mft H[B jsvsY. jfsvf vÙÁifk jsvsY ˆhQ jf…sj smsvsY. zk}iv ˆ (zkAfyfdvk)sj kfv sbjD slWqf rsh, ˆ (zkAfyfdvk)sj kfv sbjD slWqf rsh. idvswsN pdl kfv sbjDvfdw zbAfbAslv lfhD iCvB jvfv iCshGƒ swN rsq pfq, kfrst kfslv ifivfdw dbsq kfv …iv dbs[i jvf rsh. zk}iv kfsj ufrfâfsm dbs[i jvf rsh.« (mcndtm 6744, dkvdmpD 2818bQ)

iajxkis[ƒ sn db}ö, zfnstƒ sn ˆjub sl…dtqf. ˆ rt snƒ hAhnfqDv mskf pfv slfjfsb rqskf i]fy t[ efjfv mft zfsY, dj§Â kfv slbf zfsY lw t[ efjfv. ˆmb hAhnfqD dj zfnst tfJidk, bfdj sl…dtqf?

zfsvf ˆjde rflDn t[A jv¢b, vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb, �))��\§��9kb�!@א��@M&4�:�77�نG�7%>�:/< و7(9ن>�)).�(((9ذ7א�+�7�7XFu�7§8�7،�و7(9ذ7א�و7�F�<G$�7��7،�و7(9ذ7א�א

�))�.73�م�7و��K�737و7ز18�$�7-7�7:�#:�>�<-\� �ªmcbfdIsjv dyrÁ dkbde; (1) jKf htst dmKAf hst. (2) Wqflf jvst kf

HÌ jsv ˆhQ (3) kfv jfsY zfmfbk vfJf rst kfv dJqfbk jsv.« (hcJfvD 33, mcndtm 220bQ)

mcndtsmv zbA hBGbfq zfsY, ªpdlW sn svfpf vfsJ ˆhQ bfmfp isV W LfvBf jsv sp, sn mcndtm (khc sn mcbfdIj).« (mcndtm 222bQ)

ˆ jKf htfv zsi[f vfsJ bf sp, ƒntfsm ƒhflk zsi[f n¤ydvÛkfv Èv¢k¶ vsqsY zsbj shdw. kfƒ ˆjub mcndtmsj `zfshl' rWqfv nfsK nfsK ncydvsÛv zdLjfvD rsk rq. spsrkc ƒhflk rt icsBv jfu, zfv zn¤ydvÛkf rt ifi. icBA jvfv yfƒsk ifi bf jvfefƒ shdw …Ùm. (û} zf-zfJtfj¶c dIt ƒntfm 4ix})�


mrfbhD �-ˆv ydvÛ

mrfbhD �-ˆv ydvÛ dYt mrfb ydvÛ. dkdb bhD rWqfv iCshGW dYstb ncydvÛhfb. zfv bhD rWqfv isv skf zhwAƒ. spsrkc k]fv ydvÛ dYt jcvzfsbv hf²Àh v™i. mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)sj duÎfnf jvf rt, `k]fv ydvÛ sjmb dYt?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `k]fv ydvÛ dYt jcvzfb.' (mcndtm 1773bQ, zfrmfl, zfhC lf†l)

zKGf{, jcvzfsbv dbslGw zbcpfqD k]fv ydvÛ odEk dYt. dkdb jcvzfsbv zfslw iftb jvskb, dbsNL huGb jvskb ˆhQ kfv zÌDjfv W Lmj zbcnfsv dbsuv uDhb idvyftbf jvskb. jcvzfb jfvDsmv sp ydvsÛv db¦lf jvf rsqsY, dkdb snƒ ydvÛ sKsj lCsv sKsjsYb. zfv sp ydvsÛv iawQnf jvf rsqsY, snƒ ydvsÛ ydvÛhfb dYstb. zft-j¶cvzfbƒ dYt k]fv n¤ydvÛkfv …{n. kfv hfBDƒ dYt k]fv nc¦lv ydvsÛv ztËfv.

mrfb ydvsÛv zdLjfvD bhD � siadvk rsqdYstb nfvf dhw¶ufrfsbv ubA vrmk W jv¢Bf öv™i. zft-j¶cvzfbW rt nfvf dhw¶ufrfsbv ubA vrmk W jv¢Bf öv™i. ivm jv¢Bfmq zfïfrv i[ sKsj jv¢Bfmq bhDv …iv zhkDBG rsqdYt jv¢Bfv™i mrfoa§¿ zft-j¶cvzfb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}��@C</��7x�<�Fd�:7��א�!8�س._&F$��7&��mM�7�<+7��p�>b��7א��_�:و��9و�i��:f7و7N��Fy�>a7و�<-�@C?"8��%?#�mMFz>�<'8#�-7�>!>#<o:��N�{� �

ªsr mfbh ufdk! skfmfslv jfsY skfmfslv iadkiftsjv kvI rsk …islw W z§Àsvv svfsov dbvfmq ˆhQ dhw¶fnDslv ubA iKialwGj W vrmk (jv¢Bf) nmfok rsqsY.« (ƒ…bcn } 57)

�FRN��M7'>م�&:o>#<!:'ن7و7{<+7� 1<�و�i��:f7و7>bא�'@yF�7<Gא��>XKא��:-:.F��7%? 7�:>��Ke9)�7��7>C�א�F}< F�7��7!�7v�F$��7#{�� ªzfdm skf skfmfv iadk oa§¿ ˆ ubAƒ zhkDBG jsvdY; pfsk kfvf sp dhNsq

mksHl jsv, kfslvsj kcdm kf nc±ióHfsh hcdUsq dlsk ifv ˆhQ dhw¶fnDslv ubA iK dbslGw W vrmk öv™i.« (bfrXt } 64)

�FRN��mM7'>مd':&�9<!:'ن�7{<+7��א�� M)��٢٠(}7X7fא�"7�7��<�:��<�!8�س�9و�i��:f7و7'�� ªˆ (jcvzfb) mfbhufdkv ubA nc±ió ltDt ˆhQ dbdÇyk dhw¶fnD

n©ialfsqv ubA drlfqfk W vrmk.« (ufdNqfr } 20) dkdbW siadvk rsqdYstb nfvf dhsw¶v ubA vrmk W jv¢Bf öv™i. vrmskv

djkfshƒ vrmfb sOfNBf jsvsYb,


�>��FJ�7!�7و7#7�{F$��K�9)�M7�<+7��7�>�F��7��N��{)�١٠٧�(��'�� א�� ªzfdm skf skfmfsj dhw¶uoskv iadk ðLc jv¢Bf v™siƒ siavB jsvdY.«

(‚dìqf } 107) snƒ vrmskv djkfhƒ vrmskv bhD �-sj vrmkiCBG ydvsÛ ztQjxk

jsvdYt. kfƒ ªdkdb dYstb njt mfbcsNv yfƒsk shdw ydvÛhfb.« (hcJfvD 6203, mcndtm 5747bQ)

spsrkc dkdb dYstb idviCBG mfbh. mfbhkfv njt nlXÈB k]fv mfsU ˆjdÛk dYt. njt iawQnbDq ÈsBv zfLfv dYstb dkdb. kfƒskf mrfb zfïfrv nf[A dYt,

-و7(9{>z7��k@�:G��7�F��F}8�{)�٤�(-�Rא��'�� zKGf{, kcdm zhwAƒ mrfb ydvsÛv zdLjfvD. (jftfm }4) mcufdrl …ÙÁ mrfb ydvsÛv hAfJAfq hstsYb,`äDb.' zKGf{, icsvf äDbƒ k]fv

ydvÛ. mrfb ydvsÛv mfsUƒ vsqsY idviCBG äDsbv dhLfb. dkdbƒ dYstb äDsbv

Lfvj W hfrj. zfv n¤ydvÛkf snƒ äDsbvƒ dhLfb. snƒ äDblfdv W LfdmGjkf, pfv hqfb jcvzfsb zfsY, kfƒ rt k]fv mrfb

ydvÛ. zfsvf oHDvHfsh iadBLfb jvst slJf pfsh, …ÙÁ mrfbkfv jfvB rt

dkbde }- ˆj } k]fv msLA dYt jcvzfsbv zflh. lcƒ } k]fv msLA dYt idviCBG äDb-ˆ-ƒntfm. dkb } dkdb dYstb ncwDt iajxdkv zdLjfvD. ƒhbct jfƒsqm (vfdrmfùïfr) hstsYb, `bhD �-ˆv msLA zfïfrv

kfj¶Wqf W n¤ydvÛkf ˆjdÛk dYt. kfj¶Wqf hf¦lf W kfv iadkiftsjv mfsU n©ijG nc¦lv jsv. zfv n¤ydvÛkf hf¦lf W nxdóv mfsU n©ijG nc¦lv jsv. kfj¶Wqf zfïfrv Hfstfhfnf zhLfdvk jsv. zfv n¤ydvÛkf mfbcNsj kfv Hfstfhfnfv iadk zfrhfb jsv. (zft-IfWqfƒl 54ix})

n¤ydvÛkf yfvde ²Às©Hv …iv iadkdôk. snƒ ²À©H YfVf ncydvsÛv ƒmfvk JfVf Kfjsk ifsv bf. zfv kf rt, ³LpGwDtkf, ³bdkj idhÛkf, nfrdnjkf W bAfqivfqBkf. ncydvsÛv pfhkDq zfyvsBv …{nƒ rt ˆƒ yfvde ÈB. (mfumC IfkfWqf ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr 1/658, mflfdvucn nfdtjDb 2/308)

…ÙÁ yfvde ÈsBvƒ ÈBfLfv dYstb mcrf©mflcv vfnCtcïfr �. k]fv ˆmb dhwft ydvÛ, pfv dhwftkfq zkDsk sjfb nxdó si]ZYsk ifsvdb,


zfv HdhNAskW ifvsh bf. dkdb (iajxdkokHfsh jKf W jfsu) zw½Dt dYstb bf ˆhQ

(ƒ¤YfjxkHfshW) zw½Dt dYstb bf. dkdb dYstb sjfmt-r™lq; v™P W jsEfv-dyÙ dYstb bf. hfufsv ³r-ùsïfVjfvD dYstb bf.

dkdb dYstb lqft bhD. zfk¹Dqkfv háb hufq vfJskb, nkA jKf htskb, (zisvv) shfUf hƒsq dlskb, smrmfsbv Jfdkv jvskb ˆhQ dhiloa²Àsj nfrfpA jvskb. (hcJfvD 3, mcndtm 422bQ)

dkdb dYstb (v™si-ÈsB) nhsysq nc¦lv mfbcN, nhsysq hV lfkf ˆhQ nhsysq hV nfrnD. (n} ufsm' 4634bQ)

dkdb dYstb hfzflh mfbcN. r]fdyv nmq dbu mcsJ rfk hf jfiV svsJ dbskb ˆhQ wè rfîf jvskb. (‰ 4755bQ) rfƒ kctst mcsJ rfk vfJsk htskb. (‰ 426bQ)

dkdb iasqfusb vfoskb. zfv pJb vfoskb kJb k]fv oàslw vfMf rsq …Ek. (‰ 4758bQ)

dkdb dYstb bAfsqv jfsY dhbma, dj§Â zbAfsqv jfsY jsEfv. n¤ydvÛkf ˆjde hAfij dhNq. pfsk Kfsj njt nc¦lv zfyvB. [mfwDtkf,

nrbwDtkf, ³LpGwDtkf, o©HDvkf, bmakf, Hûkf, bAfqivfqBkf, ivfKGivkf, isvfijfdvkf, nkAhfdlkf, nclxPkf, n{wDtkf ƒkAfdl ƒkAfdl nh djYc nlXÈB k]fv mfsU dYt.

dkdb zÌDjfv W ycdÙÁ HÌ jvskb bf. dkdb nmfsuv mfbcsNv iadk nmfbcHCdk W nrfbcHCdk vfJskb. pKf iasqfusb nfrfpA-nrspfdokf jvskb.

k]fv mfsU dhNqfndÙÁ dYt bf. NVXdvic (jfm-sÛÁfL-stfH-smfr-ml-mf{npG) k]fv ydvsÛ ²¿fb ifqdb.

k]fv msLA pw dYt, iaJv hcdÝmÙf dYt, ±ICdkG dYt, …lfvkf dYt, nHAkf dYt, ivdrSkNBf dYt, dhw¶²Àkf dYt ˆhQ zf§Àdvjkf dYt.

k]fv ˆƒ n¤ydvÛkf W zmfdqj hAhrfsv mcÊ rsqƒ hù stfj ƒntfsm lDd[k rsqsY. äDsbv lf„vf pdl zbcv™i ydvsÛv zdLjfvD rsk ifsv, kfrst äDsbv iadk mfbcN öfHfdhjHfshƒ zfjxó rsh.


ntIslv ncydvsÛv jdkiq bmcbf

nfrfhfoB mfbcN dYstb, dj§Â nfLfvB mfbcN bf. k]fvf dYstb zfjfswv kfvjf, drlfqfskv ialDi, pfv äfvf nfLfvB mfbcN ytfv isK zfstf sisq Kfsj. k]fvf dYstb bhDv nrspfoDv™si nxó ˆjde n©ialfq.

k]fvf dYstb u¶t§À ialDi bhD mcrf©mfl �-ˆv iadkshwD, k]fv dwNA W nryv, HÙÁ W YfÛ. k]fvf k]fv nfsK nskAv ikfjf …ÖDb jsvsYb.

k]fvf svsJ sosYb njt n¤ydvÛkfv hAfifsv nc¦lv nc¦lv bmcbf. zf§Àdvjkfq, jsmG, nfrdnjkfq, ndl¤Yfq, hlfbAkfq, zfyvsB, hAhrfsv, nhGs[sÛ k]fslv n¤ydvÛkf znfLfvB. k]fvf mrfb iadkiftsjv dbje dbsuslv ufb-mft dhÛÁq j'sv hAhnfq iaycv tfHhfb dYstb. kfƒ skf k]fslv iK zhtìb jvfv hAfifsv mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

1:�/7�7 7#�7%8��"�7>�<�#<%�א��8:'ل�9k>d�7�:&�7و%7#7{F��i7�:.��7[>و7&�87<�א�< F|��9� >��7��7�>!>#<o�:��1�N�7':��7#<��א��K�7'7/�>1>�<�:�77.7!8-�7وx�<W��7�7�١١٥(}�7#<¦�א�و�(��א�!��' �

ªsp hAdÙÁ kfv dbje n{iK iajfw rWqfv iv vnCstv dhv¢ÝfyvB jvsh ˆhQ mc'dmb (nfrfhf)slv iK dHâ zbA iK zbcnvB jvsh, kfsj zfdm sndlsjƒ dIdvsq slh, spdlsj sn dIsv spsk yfq ˆhQ ufrfâfsm kfsj lÊ jvh. zfv kf jk m¦l zfhfn!« (dbnf } 115)

k]fslv uDhb zfmfslv zflwG, k]fslv ydvÛ zfmfslv zbcnvBDq, k]fslv jmG zfmfslv zbcjvBDq. k]fvf sp sJfl ncmrfb ydvsÛv zdLjfvD mrfbhD �-ˆv jfsY jcvzfbD kvdhqkiafå. kfƒ k]fvf dYstb, ªdbsuslv msLA iv±isvv iadk lqfûG W nrfbcHCdkwDt.« (nCvf IfkXr } 29)

ªp]fslvsj zfïfr Hfthfsnb W p]fvf kf]sj Hfthfsn, kfvf mc'dmbslv iadk sjfmt.« (mfdqlfr } 54)

ªk]fvf nh ˆmb icv¢N p]fslvsj hAhnf-hfdBuA ˆhQ ÛÁq-dhÛÁq zfïfrv ±mvB rsk ˆhQ bfmfp jfsqm W pfjfk ialfb jvf rsk dhvk vfsJ bf.« (bCv } 37)

zfhC pfvG �-sj ˆj hAdÙÁ ofdt dlt. dj§Â dkdb htstb, `zfmfv W ufâfskv mfsU hù hfLf zfsY. kf pdl zfdm zdkÛÁm jvsk ifdv, kfrst kcdm pf htY, kf zsi[f zfdm shdw …Ùm. zfv pdl zfmfsj ufrfâfsmv dlsj dbsq pfWqf rq, kfrst kcdm pf htY, kf zsi[f zfdm shdw dbjxó.' (jfwjCt 185ix})

ˆj hAdÙÁ …©mskv idàk ƒhsb zfêfnsj ofdt dlt. dkdb dwNA


ƒjvfmfsj htstb, `sr ƒjvfmf! slJ, stfjefv sjfb iasqfub zfsY dj bf, iCvB j'sv lfW!' ˆ jKf ðsb stfjde mfKf dbyc j'sv dbt ˆhQ tdÏk rt. (ƒrqf… …tCdmÜDb 3/178)

…mfv dhb pfvGsj ˆjub ofdt dlst dkdb kfsj htstb, `Wsr zmcj! zfmfslvsj ofdt slWqfv hAfifsv hfVfhfdV jsvf bf. ndá jvfv ufqof vfsJf. spsrkc sp zfmfslv hAfifsv zfïfrv zhfLAkf jsv, zfmvf kfv hAfifsv k]fv zfbcokA jvfv mskf sjfb hltf ifƒ bf!' (hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb 8464bQ)

zfrbfI dhb jfƒsnv nfsK ˆj hAdÙÁv vfofvfdo rt. sn htt, `kcdm ˆjef htst lwef ðbsh.' kfv uhfsh dkdb htstb, `zfv kcdm lwef htst ˆjefW ðbsh bf!' (dnqfv¢ zf'tfdmb bchftf' 4/93)

vhD' dhb JcNfƒsmv dhw rfufv lfsmv ˆjde sOfVf ycdv rsq sot. k]fsj htf rt, `zfidb syfsvv …iv hÜczf jv¢b. dkdb htstb, `sr zfïfr! sn pdl LbD rq, kfrst kfsj [mf j'sv lfW. zfv zHfhD rst kfsj zHfhmcÙÁ j'sv lfW!' (ƒhsb drêfsbv dnj¶fk 2624bQ, nQd[å dn¶Ifkcn n¶fIWqfr 1/197)

ˆjlf Jfstl dhb ztDl, zfècv vrmfb dhb zfWI, zfhC pfvG W dhtft � sjfb ˆj mudtsn ˆjdÛk dYstb. zk}iv sjfb ˆj dhNq dbsq k]fslv jKf jfefjfde rq. dhtft sjfb ˆj dhNsq jKf htst zfhc pfvG k]fsj `jftcbDv shef' hst …Ùv slb.

pdlW dhtft dYstb rfhwD W jxòfÌ, khcW kf hst kfsj kc¤Y jvf ƒntfsmv bDdk bq. nckvfQ dhtft vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv jfsY zdHspfo ufbfstb.

vfnCtcïfr � zdHspfo ðsb vfofd¦hk rstb ˆhQ zfhC pfvGsj sFsj htstb, `zfhC pfvG kcdm dhtftsj kfv mf kcst sJ]fef dlsqY? kcdm ˆmb ˆjef stfj, pfv msLA ufsrtD pcsov dYe zfsY!'

zfhC pfvG tdÏk W zbckå rsq sj]sl sItstb ˆhQ bhD �-sj dbsuv ubA [mf iafKGbf jvsk zbcsvfL jvstb. zk}iv dkdb k]fv oft mfdesk svsJ dhtfstv …sÜswA htstb, `sr dhtft! kcdm pk[B bf zfmfv ofst if svsJ ifv rsqY, zfdm kk[B kf mfde sKsj …Efh bf. kcdm n©mfbD, zfdmƒ zn©mfbD.'

ˆ jKf ðsb dhtftW sj]sl sItstb ˆhQ htstb, `zfhC pfvG! zfïfr zfibfsj [mf jv¢b. zfïfrv jnm! zfdm snƒ mfKfq dbu if vfJsk ifdv bf, sp mfKf zfïfr vêct zftfmDsbv ubA dnulfhbk rq.'

zk}iv mczfbfjfv mfLAsm iv±ivsj [mf j'sv dlst njstv r™lq idv°jfv rt. (wfJdn¶qAfkcv vfnCt 16ix}, j¶fsItfkcl lf„qfk 15/160)

hfjD zfsvf …lfrvB zÛ ic²Àsjv dhdHâ ²¿st idvshdwk rsqsY.


n¤ydvÛkf iafKGbfv lczf

mfbcN djYc rWqfv ƒ¤Yf jvstƒ rsk ifsv bf, pdl bf zfïfrv ƒ¤Yf Kfsj. ˆƒ ubA zfmvf hst Kfdj, `tf rf…tf ztf j¶c…Wqfkf ƒïf dhïfr.' zKGf{, zfïfrv kWIDj YfVf ifi sKsj dIvfv ˆhQ n{jfu jvfv (bVf-nvfv) wdÙÁ jfsvf sbƒ.

ˆƒ ubAƒ ydvÛhfb rWqfv iasyóf jvfv nfsK nfsK mrfb iadkiftsjv jfsY kfv kWIDj iafKGbf jvsk rsh. ncmrfb ydvsÛv zdLjfvD mrfb zfïfr jkGxj dbhGfdyk bhD mcrf©mfl � ncydvÛ jfmbf j'sv mrfb iaHcv jfsY lczf jvskb ˆhQ m¦l ydvÛ rsk zfwaq iafKGbf jvskb. ˆJfsb sn nh lczf …sïJ jvf rt, pfsk ifEjW snƒ iaqfsn lczf jvsk ifsvb.

(1) bfmfsp l]fdVsq kjhDv-ˆ-kfrvDmfv iv iVsk rq. ))��/F��73�87،�(9ن%< >u9�<��:��>ض7+�7!< >y��و�F��F$��7#8#<��7%א�Fو7א��>W7�و7א�و8x7.>;:�و�7�FlFb�<�>XK�>��7�9.<x7א��8

�7 >%��وp>C:�:�7>�و27#7>>�>�<��:� >1�F��F}<&9�7a�Fe�،7%:�وW<��>#@$�F}>�X�>"7:�وF$��7�F$7و8ل:�א�>�F��7��7?�א��>��/�7��))��7iو7#7����y7��:;�<�F�F¬�،�FJ:��<�7��7�F$7و�<p�?"7��7;�<�F$�FJ>��<�א�F$�8-:.��F>;�7א��F}7��72<�:��7;<�F$�Ke7)�71�9)�Fe�@}>�7و72>"7

��:;b7�7<7%��9و7א��<+F���>��<f�7و7א;�<�F$�Ke9)�7�<':�_Xא��:��>y<r7&�Fe�:1�8�9)��< >�7x�<p�>�<�7ذ�<p�>��<�>y|��Fb�،�<�7X>"��،7;�<�F$�Ke9)��7.7~? �7��<p?!7��:�9�<�7&�Fe��7.7~? 7��<p?!7��<�א�F�<GFق�F$�Ke9)��7.>!7�<+F��<�>�<.7&�Fe�9>;�7،و7א9�<3

8 >{�Fو�7�F��Fe�،F}�< F�9)7و�F}>"��7�F$،�7;<&7�7f�<%7#�<�>�<.7� >{�Fو7א�F�9)�7T< F��_�8و7א��F}<&7�7&�b�:1£�@u�:�< ��F}<&7�<�7و7א7��F}< F�9)�:�<':/F$�7و�FJ:�>y<r7<�F$�،7;< F��7�7/7�7و;u7��7�7/�،F}< F�9)�Ke9)�F}<!>#�FA7S�7#�Fe77��وS<!7#.

zKG- zfdm ˆjdbô rsq k]fv iadk mcJ dIdvsqdY dpdb zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhD nxdó jsvsYb, zfv zfdm mcwdvjslv z§ÀHcGÙÁ bƒ. dbÇyq zfmfv bfmfp, zfmfv jcvhfbD, zfmfv uDhb W zfmfv mvB dhw¶ ufrfsbv iadkiftj zfïfrv ubAƒ. k]fv sjfb zQwD sbƒ. zfdm ˆ nìsáƒ zfdló rsqdY ˆhQ zfdm zfk¹nmiGBjfvDslv iaKm. sr zfïfr! kcdmƒ hflwfr kcdm YfVf sj… nkA …ifnA sbƒ. zfdm skfmfv niawQn idhÛkf sOfNBf jdv. kcdm zfmfv iaHc W zfdm skfmfv lfn. zfdm dbsuv …iv zkAfyfv jsvdY ˆhQ zfdm zfmfv zivfL öDjfv jsvdY. nckvfQ kcdm zfmfv nm²À zivfL mfuGbf jsv lfW, spsrkc kcdm YfVf zbA sj… zivfL [mf jvsk ifsv bf. nc¦lvkm ydvsÛv iadk zfmfsj iK slJfW, spsrkc kcdm YfVf zbA sj… nc¦lvkm ydvsÛv iadk iK slJfsk ifsv bf. m¦l ydvÛsj zfmfv dbje rsk lCsv vfJ, spsrkc kcdm YfVf zbA sj… m¦l


ydvÛsj zfmfv dbje sKsj lCv jvsk ifsv bf. zfdm skfmfv zfbcoskA rfduv ˆhQ skfmfv zfÎf mfbsk ia²Âk. pfhkDq jtAfB skfmfv rfsk ˆhQ ms¦lv n©ijG skfmfv iadk bq. drlfqfkiafå snƒ, pfsj kcdm drlfqfk jsvY. zfdm skfmfv zbcoasr zfdY ˆhQ skfmfvƒ iadk zfmfv iakAfhkGb. kcdm hvjkmq W mdrmmq, skfmfv dbje [mf iafKGbf jdv ˆhQ skfmfv dlsjƒ iakAfhkGb jdv. (mcndtm 1848bQ)

(2) sp sjfb bfmfspv nftfm sIvfv iv (rfk bf kcst) iEbDq. 8-:.Kא��<�>y|א�p>��p>"':�:�7ذ��&�l7Gو�،�.K�@u�8-:.Kא��p>!<�>�<�$�،p>�<�:�<xوא�p�>�<f�9وאB>��>��9ل��<�Fא��

7.��&�7>�9�:�eو��<��<b�e��>�<.7&��.>2,�18:�وא�GF>�ق9،~? 7��Ke)�7;<�$.� �zfïfù©mfodIv tD pcbChD zJfk¶fqfqf jcïfrf. zfïfù©mf zfbXƒwbD

zuXhcvbD, zrdlbD dtn¶fdtdrt zf'mfdt zt-zfJtfj¶. Ifƒâfù tf qAfrlD dtn¶fdtdrrf ztf qAfn¶XdvIc nfƒdqzfrf ƒïf zfbXkX.

zKGf{, sr zfïfr! kcdm zfmfv njt ifi W Û¢denmCrsj [mf j'sv lfW. kcdm zfmfsj iafBh§À jv, nQswfLb jv. zfv …{jxó jmG W ydvsÛv iadk zfmfsj iK-ialwGb jv. spsrkc kfv …{jxókfv iadk kcdm YfVf zbA sj… iK-ialwGb jvsk ifsv bf ˆhQ kcdm YfVf zbA sj… kfv dbjxókf lCv jvsk ifsv bf. (rfsjm 5942, k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv 7909, n¶foDv 610, n} ufsm' 1266bQ)

(3) sp sjfb mcbfufskv nmq iVf pfq. R@�:G�<%?�72Fb�R�7G�7;<!8�7+��7�Fu�8-:.��Fא.

zfïf-ù©mf jfmf rfnXnf§Àf JftXjD IfrfnXdnb Jctcj¶D. zKG}- sr zfïfr! kcdm zfmfv nxdósj spmb nc¦lv jsvY, skmdb zfmfv

ydvÛsjW nc¦lv jv. (zfrmfl 3823, hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb 8543, ƒhsb drêfb 959, n} ufsm'1307bQ)

(4) m¦l ydvÛfdl sKsj zfwaq yfƒsk sp sjfb mcbfufskv nmq iVf pfq. �7�ل�9و7א�fF>'7א�<�و7א�Fد>و7א�<<�Fق�9و7א�F�<GFא��>W7א�FC<!:#�<%>#�F}>"�:ذ<':�F$�<p?�9)�8-:.��Fא.

zfïf-ù©mf ƒâD zf†pc dhjf dmb mcbjfvf-dkt zfJtf-dj¶ ztzf'mf-dt ztzfrWqf-ƒ ztzflWqf-'.

zKG}- sr zfïfr! zhwAƒ zfdm skfmfv dbje lcÇydvÛ, zn{ jmG, jciahxdÙ ˆhQ jdEb svfonmCr sKsj zfwaq yfd¤Y. (n} dkvdmpD 3/184, n} ufsm' 1298bQ)


n¤ydvÛkfv mCtnCÛ

n¤ydvÛkfv mCtnCÛ yfvde nlXÈB }

ˆj } drjmk drjmk htsk hcUfsbf rq, ˆmb ncsjZwt W dhy[Bkf iasqfo jvfv

[mkf, pfv äfvf njt sö¤YfLDb jsmG Hct sKsj ndEjsj dydrÁk jvf pfq. zKGf{ drjmk-Wqftf mfbcN Hcst idkk rq bf, kfv il±Jtb Ose bf, Hct dnÝf§À sbq bf, dIkbfq isV bf, dIkbf nxdó jsv bf. spsrkc sn tfdEv mfUJfsb Lsv nmkf hufq vfsJ, iaskAj dudbnsj kfv ö²¿fsb vfsJ.

lcƒ } bAfqivfqBkf bAfqivfqBkf ˆmb ˆjde nlXÈB, pfv zdLjfvD jfm-sÛÁfL-stfH-ml-

smfr-mf{npG NVXhsoGv zfÛÁmsBv nmq dbsusj dhuqD vfJsk ifsv. …ÙÁ dvicnmCrsj ivfduk W lmb j'sv iasqfubfbcpfqD iasqfo jvsk ifsv.

dkb } hDvk¶ W nfrdnjkf ˆ ÈBdeW vfo W sÛÁfL lmsb nrfqj rq. spsrkc zfnt hDv rt snƒ, sp

dbu sÛÁfL lmsb hDvk¶ ialwGb jsv. mrfbhD � hstsYb, �»7T< F��:�&>�8א��>M7�7�_��>"��7�17:�&7�>�<{@�א��i>XKא��8�9)�:�&>�8�y7��7�<!>��>�7 7r�א«�.� �

ªwdÙÁwftD (hf hDv) sn bq sp jcñDsk uqtfH jsv. hvQ iajxk wdÙÁwftD (hf hDv) rt snƒ hAdÙÁ sp sÛÁfsLv nmq dbsusj nfmst dbsk ifsv.« (zfrmfl, hcJfvD 6114, mcndtm 6809, dmwjfk 5105bQ)

spmb …ÙÁ ÈBde zbAfsqv iadkhfl jvsk W hfdkstv dhv¢sÝ v¢sJ l]fVfsk nrspfdokf jsv.

yfv } yfdvdÛj idhÛkf …dïdJk nlXÈBde spZb-nQÛÁf§À il±Jtb sKsj v[f jsv. dbu nc²¿ dhshj

W äDblfvD äfvf dbsusj njt iajfv spZb-sbfQvfdm sKsj idhÛ W idv¤Yâ vfJsk nrspfdokf jsv.

…sïJA sp, …ÙÁ yfvde smZdtj nlXÈB iasqfso mLAi§¿f zhtìb jvf zfhwAj. bsy{ jm-shdw rst zHDó tfsH nIt rWqf nýh rsh bf.

htf hfùtA, mLAmHfsh drjmk W hcdÝmÙf iasqfo jvsk ifvst mfbcN dhy[B rsh, nchcdÝv zdLjfvD rsh, LfvBfv ndEjkfq si]ZYsk n[m rsh, nufo W nkjG rsh ƒkAfdl. i[f§Àsv …ÙÁ hAfifsv hfVfhfdV rst m¦l ÈB


nxdó rsk ifsv. spmb jCe NVXp§Ã, jcyÛÁf§À, sL]fjfhfdu, Id¦lhfdu, yftfdj, yfkcpG, iakfvBf ƒkAfdl. zfv …ÙÁ hAfifsv ³wdKtA rst zbA djYc hlÈB nxdó rsk ifsv. spmb shfjfdm, smVfdm, zfrf©mdj, znkjGkf ƒkAfdl.

nfrdnjkfsj mLAmHfsh hAhrfv jvsk ifvst mfbcN lfbwDt rsh, mrfbcHh rsh, zisvv iafB v[f jvsk zfoarD W nfrnD rsh, öfKGivkfsj jcvhfbD dlsq ivfKGiv rsh, kAfo öDjfv jvsk zbciafdBk rsh, ³LpGwDt W nrAwDt rsh, vfolmbjfvD W oýDv rsh, LDv-d²¿v rsh ƒkAfdl.

i[f§Àsv kfsk zdkvÓb jvst lc}nfrdnj rsh, shisvfqf W …âfdnj rsh, lfdýj W zrQjfvD rsh ƒkAfdl. zfv kfsk ³wdKtA jvst tfÒbf W zimfb rusm zHA²À rsh, z¬i swfsj jfkv rsq iVsh, bDykf, rDbkf W ivfLDbkf hvB jvsk zfoarD rsh, jkGhAiftsb diYif Kfjsh ƒkAfdl.

yfdvdÛj idhÛkfsj idvdmkHfsh hAq jvst mfbcsNv mfsU lfbwDtkf, tÏfwDtkf, ³LpGwDtkf, …lfvkf, [mfwDtkf ƒkAfdl nxdó rsh. dbsuv pf zfsY kfƒ dbsq kcó Kfjsk …äcÝ rsh, zKGf{ stfHD rsh bf. rfvfsmv hAfifsv nkjG Kfjsh ƒkAfdl. zfv kfsk hfVfhfdV jvst stfHD rsh, kfv mfsU zw½Dtkf W sbfQvfdm slJf pfsh, sHVfdm W „NGfrDbkfv dwjfv rsh, ²ÃDv iadk jkGshA znsykb rsh, drQnfivfqB rsh, LbDv ify]fef softfsm idvBk rsh, ldvûsj OxBf jvsh ƒkAfdl.

smfejKf …ÙÁ smZdtj yfvde nlXÈsBv zdLjfvD rst zhdwó wfJfdqk ÈBfhtDsk mfbcN ÈBfd¦hk rsh. ksh nfLfvB mfbcN idviCBGv™si …ÙÁ yfvde nlXÈsBv zdLjfvD rsk n[m rsh bf. ˆjmfÛ kfv zdLjfvD dYstb ˆjubƒ. zfv dkdb rstb mcrf©mflcv vfnCtcïfr �. mrfb zfïfr p]fsj hstsYb,

}F}8�9)7��7و�F��k@�:G�- >z7�{)�٤�(��'��-�Rא�� ªkcdm zhwAƒ mrfb ydvsÛv zdLjfvD.« (jftfm }4, û} mfjfdvmct zfJtfj¶

28ix}) �


yfdvdÛj jmG W ÈBfhtD hf nlfyvBhftD

kfj¶Wqf kfj¶Wqf hf ivsrpofdv n¤ydvÛkfv mCt htf spsk ifsv. äDblfdv W

ivsrpofdv pfv msLA zfsY, sn sjfbdlb lcÇydvÛ rsk ifsv bf. zfïfr-HDdk pfv msLA zfsY sn zhwAƒ ydvÛhfb.

mrfb iadkiftj dbu idhÛ oas§¿ hùhfvƒ mcndtmsj kfj¶Wqf zhtìb jvsk hstsYb. kfj¶Wqfv idv¤Yl dlsq snZ¦lpG zhtìb jvsk hstsYb.

kfj¶Wqf zhtìb jvst mfbcN nc²¿ dhshj-hcdÝ ifq W rj-hfdkstv ifKGjA dbhGfyb jvsk ifsv.

kfj¶Wqfv nfsK uDhbpfib jvst mfbcN w½Dtkf-zw½Dtkfv mfsU kIf{ jvfv iaqfn tfH jsv.

kfj¶Wqfv isK ytst mfbcN lcÇydvÛkfv ëókf sKsj svrfƒ sisk ifsv. kfj¶Wqfv iK mfsbƒ n¤ydvÛkfv iK, ncsJv iK W ufâfskv iK. zfhC ùvfƒvf � hstb, vfnCtcïfr �-sj duÎfnf jvf rt sp, `sjfbX zfmt

mfbcNsj shdw ufâfsk dbsq pfsh?' dkdb htstb, ªzfïfrHDdk W n¤ydvÛ.« zfv kf]sj (êfW) duÎfnf jvf rt sp, `sjfbX zfmt mfbcNsj shdw ufrfâfsm dbsq pfsh?' dkdb htstb, ªmcJ W spZbfÌ (zKGf{, …Hq äfvf nQOdek ifi).« (dkvdmpD 2004bQ ,ƒhsb drêfb 476bQ, hcJfvDv zflh 289 W 294bQ, ƒhsb mfufr 4246bQ, zfrmfl 2/392, rfsjm 4/234 )

kfj¶Wqf bf Kfjst mfbcN lcÇydvÛ rq, dbtGÏ W Lxó rq. ififyfvD W lc°jxkD rq. ˆj ÎfbD hAdÙÁsj duÎfnf jvf rt, `zfidb jfsj nhsysq shdw Hq jsvb?' dkdb htstb, `zfïfrsj.' htf rt, `mfbcsNv msLA jfsj?' htstb, `sp zfïfrsj Hq jsv bf, kfsj.' htf rt, `kf sjb? htstb, `spsrkc sp zfïfrsj Hq jsv bf, sn nh djYc jvsk ifsv.'

kfj¶Wqf rt nQpsmv h]fLb. zfv kf dYâ rst …Üfm,�…¤Yx£Jtkf hbAfv mk iahfdrk rq. snƒ hbAfsk mfbcsNv nQõfv, dw[f, ydvÛ�nhƒ zbfqfsn sHsn pfq; ˆmbdj swsN tÏfW zfv zhdwó�Kfsj bf. kJb sn sjfb ifsiƒ Hq jsv bf, tÏf jsv bf. `tÏf bfƒ pfv, vfufW mfsb rfv.'�


dhbq

ydvÛhfsbv ˆjde ydvÛ rt dhbq. zmcndtm rstW zsbsjv mfsU ˆ ydvÛ iajxdkokHfsh Kfsj. zsbsj dwd[k rst dhbqD rq. dw[f pk hfsV, dhbq kk hxdÝ tfH jsv. dhswN j'sv ƒntfmD dw[f mfbcNsj zkA§À Hû W dhbqD j'sv skfst. spsrkc mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))��F�7��\��7+$�p>r<�7&�Fe7��7،�و+$��F�7��\�7+$�7�7�y7&�Fe��87+�7:'א�s�8$ن>�/7'7אpF�9)��7+<و$��(ن�8א��7+$.((� �

ªzfïfr kfzftf zfmfv dbje zrD ifEfstb sp, skfmvf iv±isv bma hAhrfv zhtìb jv. pfsk sj… spb jfsvf iadk ohG bf jsv ˆhQ sj… spb jfsvf iadk pctcm bf jsv.« (mcndtm 7389bQ)

dhbqD rWqf mfsb dbsy bfmf bq, sYfe rWqf bq. hvQ dhbsq mfbcsNv mpGflf hxdÝwDt rq. dhbqD mfbcsNv n©mfb ‡dÝtfH jsv. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��7sא�،�و7#7��/7'7א�v>��Ke9)�'y7�"�7>�א��@�$�7+��7\��<�(�mMFd7�73�<;7�FR7��7#��Ke9#<%>�#7�ل،�و7#7��زאد�7א]�@��17�Fb7:�א.((� �

ªlfb-Jqvfk Lb-n©il jdmsq slq bf. hf¦lf (zivsj) [mf ialwGb jvst zfïfr kfv n©mfb hLGb jsvb. zfv zfïfrv Wqfs²À sp hAdÙÁ dhbqfhbk rq, zfïfr kfsj nc…âk jsvb.« (mcndtm 6757bQ, iamcJ)

mfdev mfbcN djYcdlb iv mfdeskƒ dmsw pfsh. dbjxó ðÛÁdh¦lc sKsj nxó iafBDv zrQjfv swfHf ifq bf. ifdb sKsj u¦m dudbsnv zfÈsbv mskf ovm rWqf nmDyDb bq. sj… rst kfv ubA ivjfst zfÈbƒ rsh iajxó dEjfbf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))�>�C7<�:#��¬7'�אx��::��_�@u�9؟��)).$fA>"�<-@u:�>�<G@$�FeF>��9א�!8� �ªzfdm skfmfslvsj ufrfâfmDslv n©isjG zhdrk jvh bf dj? (kfvf rt)

iaskAj v™P öHfh, jdEb r™lq lfdýj hAdÙÁ.« (hcJfvD 4918, mcndtm 7366bQ) sp dhbqD bf rsq zrQjfvD rq, kfv dEjfbf shsrwXk rsk ifsv bf. mfbcNsj

sYfe jvf, kc¤Y-kfd¤YtA jsv dbsuv hVk¶ iajfw jvf ˆhQ rj ufbf nsÙ¶W kf oarB bf jvf, zhÎfHsv iakAfJAfb jvf, kf zmfbA W huGb jvf mfbcsNv zrQjfv YfVf zfv jD rsk ifsv?

ˆ YfVf Hfstf idvLfb jvf W nfu-nÏf jvfsk zrQjfv sbƒ. zrQjfsvv mCt `zrm' dy§ÀfLfvfƒ rt jcydvsÛv t[B. ˆjlf mrfbhD �


htstb, �))�Fu�<%7#�FM8!Fא��:�:G<�7&�Fe��<�>u�<%>#��8��)).نFR<=>#�>1>��Fd��7�ل:�ذ7 �

ªpfv z§Àsv zBc idvmfB zrËfv Kfjsh, sn ufâfsk iashw jvsk ifvsh bf.«

ˆjde stfj htt, `mfbcN skf Hfthfsn sp, kfv sifwfj nc¦lv srfj W kfv ucskf nc¦lv srfj, (kfrst)?' dkdb htstb,

))7�F2<�_�א�:&�\� >�7x�F��>�@�א�!8�س�9:��ل�7،�א�C<�>�:�(ن�8אF|7و�?kF�א�:�Fl7".((� �ªzfïfr nc¦lv, dkdb snZ¦lpGsj Hfthfsnb. (nc¦lv sifwfj W nc¦lv ucskf

hAhrfv zrQjfv bq, hvQ) zrQjfv rt, nkA iakAfJAfb jvf ˆhQ mfbcNsj kc¤YÎfb jvf.« (mcndtm 275bQ, dkvdmpD, rfsjm 1/26)

r]Af, nkA iakAfJAfb jvf ydvÛhfb dhbqD mfbcsNv jfu bq. zrQjfvianCk ˆmb ydvsÛv jKf jcvzfb jfvDsm …sïJ jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb,

>��F�<:/�>1و7(9ذ7א{F�7��7!:/�7&4��K�7א�و��>�C7<�:#ن�FAFu�<-K��7.<�7��"<�7X7א��7�Fb?�>�:�و��d7א�$@ذ:�7 >FAFu�p>b�>1ن�7&�8>- >�F${)�٧�(��'��Rن��

ªpJb Wslv dbje zfmfv hfjA zfhxdÙ jvf rq, kJb Wvf lýHsv mcJ dIdvsq sbq; spb Wvf kf ðbsk ifqdb; spb Wslv jfb lc'de hdLv. zkˆh Wslvsj mmG§Âl wfd²Àv ncnQhfl lfW.« (tcj¶mfb } 7)

-�$CN��J�KbF@�?�و7&>�\{>�F$)�٧�(:]7�<�7&�>W�7&4�>1Kא��F�<:/�>1< F�7��:�8-�_�>�:&א��>�C7<�:#ن�FAFu�<-K��7.<�7�<�7&�:�<�?�7�Fb7א��X7�>"�- >�F$�{)�٨�(��'��M �א��

ªlcsHGfo iaskAj sOfv dmKAfhflD ifiDv, sp zfïfrv zfqfskv zfhxdÙ swfsb zKy ŠÝskAv nfsK (dbu mkhfsl) zet Kfsj; spb sn kf swfsbƒdb. nckvfQ Wsj mmG§Âl wfd²Àv ncnQhfl lfW.« (ufdNqfr } 7-8)

zfv ˆj swaBDv …Ýk mfbcsNv hAfifsv mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, ��7و7(9ذ7א{>d�:1F��9k8/7/>1:�א��71אX7GF$�@�8v>��72>�:1:�"<�]�9>-�9אFb�:-8!7.7x�7T<~>�F�77�د:�و.>��א��R)��٢٠٦(}א� �

ªpJb kfsj htf rq, kcdm zfïfrsj Hq jv, kJb kfv zfk¹fdHmfb kfsj zdLjkv ififyfsv dtå jsv. nckvfQ kfv ubA ufrfâfmƒ psKó ˆhQ dbÇyqƒ kf zdk m¦l wqbfofv.« (hfj¶fvfr } 206)

ˆƒ swaBDv stfsjslvsj pJb htf rq, ìfi jvY sjb?' kJb kfvf tdÏk bf rsq uhfsh bfj dn]esj hst,

`kcdm Jch Hfstf. kcdm dbsuv Ov nfmtfW. skfmfv zmcj jD jvsY? dbsuv


yvjfq skt lfW. zfmfsj dwJfsk rsh bf.' ƒkAfdl. ydvÛhfb dhbqD bfvD-icv¢N sjfb zbAfq hf Hct j'sv sItst kf öDjfv

jvsk däLfshfL jsv bf. spsrkc Hct j'sv Ldvsq slWqfv isvW susbðsb kf öDjfv bf jvf ˆj mrfHct. iv§Â Hct öDjfsv mfbcsNv mpGflf jsm pfq bf, hvQ kfsk mrskv mrÙ¶ zfsvf hxdÝ ifq. i[f§Àsv Hct öDjfv bf jvf zrQjfvDv t[B.

nc¦lv sifwfj idvLfb jvst ˆhQ msbv dHksv zrQjfv bf Kfjst nmnAf sbƒ. ksh sifwfj-idv¤Yslv dHksvW zfsY zrQjfv. mrfbhD � hstb,

�)))�8�7x�<%7#��F�9)�>M7#�7 >R7'>م�7א�&�@��)).ز7א��Fl7"�:�7א�z<!7&�Fe@�:�א �ªzfïfr kfzftf djqfmskv dlb sn hAdÙÁv dlsj (vrmskv lxdósk)

kfdjsq slJshb bf, sp zrQjfsvv nfsK kfv tcdÌ (iAf¦eX, ifqufmf mfdesk) sY]yVfsh.« (hcJfvD 5788, mcndtm 5584bQ)

�))��@z<!7&�Fe7و�،�>M�7#�7 >R7'>م�7א�&�@��:.:-:�אN�FC:&�Fe�mM7�F�7��\- ��F$�\7א�X�7��<-�:.F�79->�و.> Nu7v�:&�Fe79->�،�و.< �F�)�:��:�))�.א�@�>�<�:�،�و7א�F!8�ن:�،�و7א�@!>�>"�:177��>��:k>y��F<�<�א�FC�ذ<�<� �

ªdjqfmskv dlb dkb hAdÙÁv nsÌ zfïfr jKf htshb bf, kfslv dlsj kfjfshb bf ˆhQ kfslvsj idhÛW jvshb bf. zfv kfslv ubA rsh mmG§Âl wfd²À. sp (ifsqv) of]sev bDsy jfiV Ucdtsq isv, lfb jsv sp iayfv jsv shVfq ˆhQ dmKAf jnm sJsq dbsuv iBAlahA dhdÛÁ jsv.« (mcndtm 306bQ)

ˆjƒ jfvsB icv¢Nsj öBG W svwm hAhrfsv zbcmdk slWqf rqdb. spsrkc kfsk dhbqDv dhbq tq rsk ifsv. htf hfùtA, ncydvÛhfb ˆmb sjfb mcndtm icv¢Nsjƒ zfidb slJsk ifshb bf, sp ösBGv sjfb dudbn hAhrfv jsv zKhf svwmh²Ã idvLfb jsv zKhf ifsqv o]fsev dbsy Ucdtsq jfiV isv.

ifbfrfsvv …ishwsbW dhbqDv dhbq idvtd[k rsk ifsv. zfmfslv dhbqD bhD � hstsYb,

))�~>C8:#�:�@u4�Fe.((� �ªzfdm srtfb dlsq hsn zfrfv jdv bf.« (hcJfvD 5398bQ) dkdb srtfb dlsq sJsk dbsNLW jsvsYb. (dntdntfr nrDrfr 3122bQ) spsrkc zbcv™i hnf dhbqDslv t[B bq ˆhQ srtfb dlsq sJst shwD JfWqf

rq. zfv shwD JfWqf k]fv hfÒbDq dYt bf. zfècïfr ƒhsb hcnXv �� hstb, bhD �-ˆv ˆjde ifÛ dYt pfsj òfvGf'

htf rk, snefsj yfvub mfbcN Lsv kctskf. ˆjlf yfsñv nmsq pJb yfsñv


bfmfp iVfv iv ‰ (dhwft) ifÛde zfbf rt---zKGf{, kfsk `nfvDl' (mfQn W Jà Jà v¢de nQdmwasB ia²Âk ncöflc JflA) vfJfv iv, kJb stfsjvf kfsk umfsqk rt. stfsjv idvmfB pJb shdw rt, kJb vfnCtcïfr � r]fecv Hsv hsn iVstb. (ˆv™i slsJ) uSbj shlc„b htt, `ˆ sjmb hnf?' zfïfrv vnCt � htstb,

�א��7!< �א�((��8�7x�p>!�7�<S7&�<-F�7و�،��Z9�Fu�7>�א��p>!F�7�7x�F��)).(ن�8א �ªdbÇyq zfïfr zfmfsj Hû (dhbqD) hf¦lf jsvsYb ˆhQ …Ýk W rEjfvD

jsvbdb.« (zfhC lf†l 3775, ƒhsb mfufr 3263bQ) dkdb htskb, ªlfn spHfsh Jfq, zfdm snƒHfsh Jfƒ. lfn spHfsh hsn,

zfdmW snƒHfsh hdn.« (n} ufsm' 7bQ) dkdb mfdesk hnskb, mfdesk hsn sJskb, Yfot h]fLskb ˆhQ ÛÁDklfn

pshv v¢de sJsk lfWqfk dlstW kf oarB jvskb. (n} ufsm' 4915bQ) dkdb ÛÁDklfsnv nfsK sJskb. dbm´mfsbv Jfhfv sJsk lfWqfk dlstW kf

oarB jvskb. icvsbf skt dlsq pshv v¢de JfWqfv lfWqfk dlstW kf sJsq zfnskb. (‰ 4939bQ)

dkdb htskb, ))�7#�7�7�C7<%7#�7>�א��FuF$�:17�7#�:1:#>7�دG�،�7�>u7��:�و7�7��.))7.7�F�72Fb��א��F��8و7א�>�F��>"�،�7�FR7>'7אق�9א2�< �

ªsn hAdÙÁ zrQjfvD bq, pfv nfsK kfv Jfslm zfrfv jsv, hfufsv ofLfq ysV ˆhQ YfoD sh]sL slfrb jsv.« (zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 550, hfƒrfjDv ðzfhct „mfb 8188, nrDùt ufsm 5527bQ)

dkdb zfsvf htskb, )<'F��:; �).�u�:;�>�FRF@�7אع\�$Fو>�ذ<�7אع\�(f@$�8pF�9>�<��7وu�:;<�7xFAF��<'F�7@�7אع�$Fو>�ذ<�7אع�(��F�9د:�< �

zKGf{, pdl zfmfsj Yfotfdlv if zKhf hfù JfWqfsbfv ubA lfWqfk slWqf rq, kfrst zfdm dbÇyq kf jhct jvh. zfv pdl zfmfsj if zKhf hfù …isTZjb slWqf rq, kfrst zfdm dbÇyq kf nflsv oarB jvh. (hcJfvD 2568bQ)

dkdb idvhfsvv jfsu nrspfdokf jvskb. dkdb dbsuv uckf idv°jfv W dntfƒ jvskb, jfiV dntfƒ jvskb, kf]v jfisV kfdt tfofskb, örs²À dbu jfiV idv®jfv jvskb, Yfostv lcL slfrfskb ˆhQ dbsuv sJlmk dbsuƒ jvskb. zbAfbA icv¢Nvf spmb dbsuslv hfdVsk nQnfsvv jfu jsv, zbcv™i dkdbW jfu jvskb. (nrDr zflfhct mcIvfl 1/215, nrDùt ufsm' 4937, 4946, 4996bQ)


dkdb mrfb sbkf W ƒmfsm zf'pm rsqW dbsuv dJlmk dbsuƒ jvskb. pdlW k]fv lfn-lfnDW dYt. dj§Â dhbqfi½ck iajxdk k]fsj ˆmb njt jfu jvsk …äcÝ jvk ˆhQ sn nhsj dbsuv mfb-n©mfsbv idvi§¿D hst msb jvskb bf.

dkdb ofLfv disE nWqfv rskb ˆhQ diYsb zbAsj nWqfv-nÌDW jsv dbskb. (n} ufsm' 4945bQ) zfv ˆ jfusj n©mfbrfdbjv Hfhskb bf. hvQ kf dYt k]fv dhbsqv iajxó dblwGb.

zfbnfvslv nfsK nf[f{ jvsk spskb, k]fslv dwðslvsj nftfm dlskb ˆhQ kfslv mfKfq rfk hctfskb. (‰ 4947bQ)

mlDbfv ÛÁDklfnDslv msLA sjfb sjfb ÛÁDklfnD bhD �-ˆv rfk Lsv dbk, kfviv sn (dbsuv iasqfusb) kfv ƒ¤Yfmk kf]sj dbsq spk. (hcJfvD 6072bQ)

htf hfùtA, mdrtf hf dwð hst dkdb kfslvsj kc¤Y jvskb bf. dwðsj dkdb nftfm dlskb. (‰ 5014bQ) kfsk k]fv dhbq iajfw sik ˆhQ dwðslv msb zfb¦l.

dkdb dwðslvsj dbsq sJtfskb. zflv jsv …s©m nftfmfv dwðjbAf pqbfhsj `pcqfƒbfh' htskb. (‰ 5025bQ)

mfrmCl dhb vfhD �-ˆv hqn kJb i]fy hYv. mrfbhD � sJtf¤Yst hftdk sKsj mcsJ ifdb dbsq k]fv mcsJ jcdï jsv dlsqdYstb. (hcJfvD 77, mcndtm 1530bQ)

sjfKfq sn ydvÛ? sjfKfq sn zflwG? mcndtm rWqf nsÙ¶W sn ydvsÛv zbcnvB sbƒ. zfstm rWqf nsÙ¶W sn ydvsÛv zfmt sbƒ. sj… skf dw[f …¤y hst dkdb ˆk …s¤y si]ZsY sosYb sp, k]fv nfsK jKf htf pfq bf, k]fv nfsK slJf jvf pfq bf. ˆj l²ÀvJfb hf ˆj mudtsn hnstW jKf hstb bf. ˆj uftnfv hÙÁf rsqW idvyq ufbsk yfb bf. jfvB dkdb sjfb iaslswv sbkf hf zfmDsv ufmfzfk!

zsbsjv mft hxdÝ sist zrQjfv hxdÝ ifq. shkb shdw rst zfv jfsvf nfsK smswb bf. jfsvf nfmfduj mpGflf W n©mfb shdw rst zbA jf…sj zfv ifÙf slb bf. zsbsj ƒtXmD sofmsV sofmVfmcJ Kfsjb. jfsvf nfsK jcwt-dhdbmq jvsk yfb bf, sIfsbW uhfh slb bf. ˆsk bfdj k]fv zmCtA nmq bó rq!

i[f§Àsv iajxkk¶ ˆƒ sp, zsbj hV mfbcN zfsYb, p]fv nfmsb sost dbsusj sYfe msb rq. dj§Â iajxk hV mfbcN rstb dkdbƒ, p]fv nfmsb sost sj… dbsusj sYfe Hfsh bf. zfv nhGswaô sbkf rstb dkdb, p]fv smufu hV


Efàf. p]fv öHfh rt dmðj. dhbsqv nfsK dpdb njtsj nflv nýfNB ufbfb. lcdbqf sisq sJfw rWqf Hfstf bq. hV yfjdv sisq zKhf hAhnfq iaycv

tfH sisq msb msb odhGk rWqf …dyk bq. sj… Lb dbsq lý jvst jfv™sbv ƒdkrfn ±mvB jvf …dyk. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

ªjfv™b dYt mCnfv n©ialfqHcÙÁ, dj§Â sn kfslv iadk pctcm jsvdYt. zfdm kfsj LbHfàfv lfb jsvdYtfm, pfv yfdhÈdt hrb jvf ˆjlt hthfb stfsjv is[W jónfLA dYt. ±mvB jv, kfv n©ialfq kfsj hstdYt, `l©H jsvf bf, zfïfr lfd©Hjslvsj iY¦l jsvb bf. zfïfr pf skfmfsj dlsqsYb kfv mfLAsm ivstfsjv jtAfB zbcnáfb jv. zfv kcdm skfmfv ƒrstfsjv zQw Hcst spsqf bf. kcdm (isvv iadk) zbcoar jv, spmb zfïfr skfmfv iadk zbcoar jsvsYb ˆhQ ixdKhDsk dhipGq nxdó jvsk sysqf bf. zfïfr zhwAƒ dhipGq nxdójfvDsj Hfthfsnb bf.' sn htt, `ˆ n©il zfdm zfmfv Îfbhst iafå rsqdY.' sn dj ufbk bf sp, zfïfr kfv iCshG hù mfbhsofôDsj L¶Qn jsvsYb, pfvf kfv sKsjW wdÙÁsk dYt iaht, n©isl dYt iafycpGwftD? zfv zivfLDslvsj kfslv zivfL n©isjG duÎfnfW jvf rsh bf. jfv™b kfv n©ialfsqv n©mcsJ u]fjumj nrjfsv shv rt. pfvf ifdKGh uDhb jfmbf jvk kfvf htt, `zfrf! jfv™bsj pf slWqf rsqsY, snv™i pdl zfmfslvW Kfjk; iajxkƒ sn mrf HfoAhfb.' zfv pfslvsj Îfb slWqf rsqdYt kfvf htt, `dLjX skfmfslv! pfvf dhw¶fn jsv W n{jfu jsv, kfslv ubA zfïfrv icvõfvƒ swaô. zfv SLpGwDt hAkDk kf zbA sj… ifq bf.' zk}iv zfdm jfv™bsj W kfv iafnflsj mfdesk Ldnsq dltfm. kfv öis[ ˆmb sjfb lt dYt bf, sp zfïfrv wfd²Àv dhv¢sÝ kfsj nfrfpA jvsk ifvk ˆhQ sn dbsuW zfk¹v[fq n[m dYt bf. iChGdlb pfvf kfv (mk) mpGflf jfmbf jsvdYt kfvf htsk tfot, `slJ, zfïfr k]fv lfnslv msLA pfv ubA ƒ¤Yf kfv v¢pD hdLGk jsvb ˆhQ pfv ubA ƒ¤Yf kf rafn jsvb. pdl zfïfr zfmfslv iadk zbcoar bf jvskb, ksh zfmfslvsjW dkdb mfdesk Ldnsq dlskb. slJ, zjxkÎvf nItjfm rq bf.' ˆ ivstfsjv zfhfn; pf zfdm dbLGfdvk jdv kfslvƒ ubA pfvf ˆ ixdKhDsk …Ýk rsk W dhipGq nxdó jvsk yfq bf. nfhLfbDslv ubA ðH idvBfm. (j¶fn¶fn¶ } 76-83)

nckvfQ ˆmb jKf htf …dyk bq, pfsk ohG rq, lý iajfw ifq, zrQjfv Icse WsE.

dbsuv pf zfsY, kfv sKsj jm htf Hfstf. dmKAf hst bq, iajfw bf j'sv. nfmsb sj… lý jvst kfv iadkäd¦äkf jvf …dyk bq. kfv nfmsb sYfe


rsk rq, kfrst sn tdÏk rq. dhbqD ydvÛhfsbv …dyk bq, ohGHsv ytfsIvf jvf hf ytsb zrQjfv

iajfw jvf. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }Fe7�9و�<�7/�p>b�9ض<�F7�7#+��א��F}8�9)�%F��7ض�7/�7>�9ق<�Fא��%F�77�ل�7/�7>�@®�7و�>S�א�e'@h{)�٣٧�(� �

ªHC-ixsô l©HHsv dhyvB jsvf bf, kcdm skf jJsbfƒ ilHfsv HC-ixô dhlDBG jvsk ifvsh bf ˆhQ …¤ykfq kcdm jJsbfƒ ihGk-iamfB rsk ifvsh bf.« (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 37)

snƒ …islw dlsqƒ stfjmfb rfjDm k]fv sYstsj hstdYstb, }�F�7�7?�>�و�:/�FJ8�7G�98�س!�>��F�7��9و��<�7/��p�>b��9ض<�FA��71(9ن7�7#�8+��א�Kא��F��_��>2:&��8��@u��7�ل<�:#��':�Fb{)�١٨�(��ن��'R��

ªmfbcsNv ubA dbsuv oft Ictfsqf bf (zrQjfsv mcJ dIdvsq dbsqf bf) ˆhQ ixdKhDsk …ÝkHfsh dhyvB jsvf bf; jfvB zfïfr sjfb …Ýk, zrQjfvDsj Hfstfhfsnb bf.« (tcj¶mfb } 18)

mrfb naóf ˆmb …Ýksj Hfstfhfsnb bf hstƒ lcdbqfskƒ ˆj hAdÙÁsj wfd²À dlsqsYb, pfsk zrQjfvDvf …islw oarB jvsk ifsv. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��K�:+�p>b�p>��7&�\�:x7��7�7!< 7`1<�،�(9ذ>��"7<��7#�p�>b�:7$�17:�،�&�7>7�ل��\�?x7�:#�،�:1:�y7��:1:�>S<�:/��M�>M7#�7 >R7'>م�9א�&��F�9)�9ض�F�7:��א�S�7S77&�7':.Fb�،�>1>"�@��)).�7�7�7Gא �

ªˆjlf (iChGhkDG …©mskv) ˆj hAdÙÁ ˆjsufVf sifwfj isv, ohGHsv, mfKf zf]ysV zrQjfsvv nfsK ytf-sIvf jvdYt. ƒkAhnsv zfïfr kfv (ifsqv bDsyv mfdesj) Ldnsq dlstb. nckvfQ sn djqfmk dlhn ipG§À mfdev oHDsv sbsm spskƒ Kfjsh.« (hcJfvD 5789, mcndtm 5586bQ)

zfv djqfmskW ˆmb …Ýk mfbcN mrfb zfïfrv sÛÁfLHfub Kfjsh. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))<%7#�7-Kz7�7/�p>b�>1>�y7��<وF$�<G7�ل7א�p>b�>1>7 <�>#�7p>RF��71K�7א��':f71<�و< F�7��:7�ن�< F|.((� �ªsp hAdÙÁ msb msb odhGk rsh zKhf ytsb zrdmjf iajfw jvsh, sn hAdÙÁ

pJb zfïfr kfzftfv nfsK nf[f{ jvsh, kJb dkdb kfv …iv sÛÁfLfdb¶k Kfjshb.« (zfrmfl 5995, hcJfvDv zft-zflfhct mcIvfl, rfsjm 1/160, nrDùt ufsm' 6157bQ)

ˆmb zrQjfvDsj dj sjfb mfbcNW iY¦l jsv? j[sbf bf. zrQjfvD dbsusj zsbj …isv Hfsh. spb sn drmftsqv …¤y dwJsv si]ZsY sosY. kfƒ


sn njt mfbcNsj sYfe slsJ. zfv zhwAƒ mfbcsNW kfsj sYfeƒ slJsh, hV bq.

zrQjfvDvf mfbcNsj sbrfkƒ [cû Hfsh hst djqfmsk kfslvsj [cû iafBD di]iVfv mskf umfsqk jvf rsh. (zfrmfl 6677, dkvdmpD 2492bQ)

htf hfùtA, ydvÛhfsbv ytb rsh vrmfsbv hf¦lfv mskf. pfv ÈB hBGbf j'sv vrmfb hstsYb,

7�>�:'ن�7א�XK<&�7%א��8+>�7%�9و�7<�7�د:{&��F�7��9ض<�FA�7'>��אf{� �ªkfvfƒ vrmfsbv hf¦lf, pfvf ixdKhDsk bmaHfsh ytfsIvf jsv. (Icvj¶fb } 63)

ydvÛhfb dhbqD yfq bf sp, kfv ubA sjfb mfbcN …sE làfqmfb srfj. zKhf stfsj kfv nfmsb kfv n©mfsb l]fdVsq Kfj. msb msb ˆmb zHAKGbf W zfiAfqb jfmbf jvst sn zrQjfvDsk idvBk rsh. zfv kfv idvBfm zhwAƒ Hfstf bq. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�»<%7#�8�7+F$�<نF$�7�:=<�7&�:1F��:7�لx?7�#��א�� >d�$8'7�77 �Fb�:�7�7�R7#�7%>#�9��.�»א�!8� �ªsp hAdÙÁ iY¦l jsv sp stfj kfv n©mfbfsKG l]fdVsq Kfjcj sn spb dbsuv

hfn²¿fb slfpsJ hfdbsq sbq.« (zfhC lf†l 5231, dkvdmpD 2755, dntdntfr nrDrfr 357bQ)

dhbqD zisvv syfsJ hV rstW dbsuv syfsJ hV rq bf. zfv dbsu hV bf rst hfi-lflfsj dbsq hV nfusk yfq bf. hfilflf hf hQw dbsq ohG jvf dhbqD mfbcsNv idvyq bq. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))�.`! 8�9�7��،�7#�/:'א�א�y&�-.��"�"�%&XK`��ون�$dF'אم��)�-f�-2Fb�-8!7.7x�،و�F$�%�'@C7 Fن��'<fF$�� C<!�7��M�8@-��$ذ��d��fא��(9ن�،�"<y<�FA<1<�א��&��fא�XK<��א��S�#%�א?��M�8 >�>f�7S�א�

�7f�<�Fb7<�و�7��،�"<��"7��8�9)�7':f�%#o:#��p>R7/و�F$��x�Fb�pRa�،]א�!8�س��[-.�u�'!7"و4د7م�،�4دم��k��G��))./:�7א��#% �

ªstfsjvf spb mxk hfi-lflfslv dbsq IJv jvf zhwAƒ kAfo jsv. kfvf skf ufrfâfsmv jqtf mfÛ. kf kAfo bf jvst kfvf snƒ sofhcsv sifjfv sysqW dbjxó rsh sp dbu bfj l¶fvf mt sEst dbsq pfq. zhwAƒ zfïfr skfmfslv dbje sKsj ufsrdtqfskv ohG W IJv lCv jsv dlsqsYb. (mcndtm) skf mcÙfjD (nQpmwDt) mcdmb zKhf ififyfvD hlmfqfw. mfbcN njstƒ zflsmv n§Àfb ˆhQ zflm mfde rsk nxó.« (dkvdmpD 3955, zfrmfl, zfhC lf†l, hfƒrfj¶D, nrDùt ufsm' 5482bQ)

hQw dbsq ohG jvf ufsrt mfbcsNv jfu, ufsrtD pcsov ufsrt stfsjslv iaKf.


mrfbhD � hstsYb, �»\]7"<�F$��>b��>8#@$�<%>#�9�<#F$�>M8 >�>f�7S�א�Fe�8%:.7�'@u:�<7&�:�<�Fy�א��>b��>��7��<+Fא��:%�<�Klو7א��>b��>��7��<�Fא��

:��FR<�><�>eم�9و7א':S_!��>"�@M7+�7 �.�»و7א�!? �ªzfmfv …©mskv mfsU yfvde jfu rt ufsrdtqfskv iaKf, pf kfvf kAfo

jvsh bf; hQw dbsq ohG jvf, (jfsvf) hQw-nCsÛ sJ]fef slWqf, kfvf (W b[sÛv) mfLAsm hxdóv zfwf jvf ˆhQ (mclGfv ubA) mfkm jvf.« (mcndtm 2203, ƒhsb mfufr 1581bQ)

i[f§Àsv ƒntfmD idvshswv zfyvB rt, mc'dmb dhbqD rsh, nru W nvt rsh. spsrkc mrfbhD � hstsYb,

7 ?!:'ن�7א�@o>#<!:'ن7((f�F�7ن':!? �9�7�F��u�>�>�F�7(9ن>�א��> Fd�7د�FR<�7و7(9ذ7א�،�א�± >�@$��F�7��7�<�73�7²�7!7<א�.((� �ªmcdmboB nvt-dhbma rq. dEj tfofm slWqf …sev mk; kfsj efbf rst

ytsk tfso ˆhQ ifKsvv …isv hnsk ƒdÌk jvst hsn pfq.« (hfƒrfjDv ðzfhct „mfb 8129, nrDùt ufsm 6669bQ)

zfv kfslv ubAƒ vsqsY …ipcÙÁ icvõfv, ufâfskv mrt. nvt msbv dhbqD stfsjvf ufrfâfsm pfsh bf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

?!��Fu�ن%7#�7>«�F��!? 7f��<.7��:17#8�7+�:1Kא��F�7��9��.�»א�!8� �ªsp hAdÙÁ dhbma W nvt-dnLf rsh, zfïfr kfsj slfpsJv ubA rfvfm jsv

slshb.« (rfsjm 435, hfƒrfjD 21327, nrDùt ufsm 6484bQ) ˆjlf vfsÛ�…mfv dhb zfèct zfpDspv dbje ˆj smrmfb dYt. dkdb djYc

dtJdYstb. ˆmb nmq skstv hfdk dbHcdbHc rt. smrmfbde htt, `hfdkef dEj jsv dlƒ.' dkdb htstb, `smrmfbsj jfsu tfofsbf hf smrmfsbv dbje sKsj dJlmk sbWqf zfdksKqkf dhsvfLD.' htt, `kfrst yfjvsj ufdosq dlƒ.' htstb, `W ˆƒ mfÛ�iaKm OcdmsqsY, Wsj ufofW bf.' zk}iv dkdb dbsu …sE dosq hfdksk skt Hsv dEj jvstb. smrmfbde htt, `zfidb dbsu jó�jvstb, sr zfmDv¢t mc'smbDb!' dkdb …Ùsv htstb, `(skt Hvsk) sotfm kJb zfdm�…mfv dhb zfèct zfpDp dYtfm, zfv�ˆtfm kJbW zfdm�…mfv dhb zfèct zfpDp. zfmfv msLA djYcƒ jsm pfqdb. iv§Â�swaô hAdÙÁ�snƒ, sp zfïfrv jfsY dhbqD.' (zft-dhlfqfr zbXdbrfqfr 9/203)


…lfvkf

…lfvkf ˆj n¤ydvÛkfv bfm. zdkvÓb, so]fVfdm W hfVfhfdVv ydvÛ iY¦lbDq bq ƒntfsm. …lfvkf W nvtkf ƒntfsm hvBDq. LfdmGjkfv hAfifsv vfnCtcïfr �-sj duÎfnf jvf rt, `sjfbX äDb zfïfrv dbje nhsysq shdw iY¦lbDq?' dkdb htstb,

))@M8 >y �)).א��8�>M72@�א72�!< �ªˆjdbô nvt.« (zfrmfl 2107, zft-zflfhct mcIvfl hcJfvD 283, dn} nrDrfr 881bQ) ˆ LsmG nQjDBGkf sbƒ. ˆ LsmGv mfbcNslv mfsU z±ixwAkf sbƒ. htiChGj

jfsvf OfsV LmG yfdisq slWqfv vDdk sbƒ ƒntfsm. zfv sp yfsi isV ƒntfm oarB jsv, kfv ƒntfm oarBspfoAW bq zfïfrv jfsY.

ydvÛhfb mcndtm zmcndtmsj kc¤Y-kfd¤YtA jsv bf. sn kfv jKfhfkGf W zfyvsB zmcndtmslv msb ƒntfsmv iadk dhjNGB W dhkxòf nxdó jsv bf.

ydvÛhfb mcndtm zmcndtsmv ifwfifdw wfd§Àv nfsK hnhfn jsv, nf©ialfdqj n©iaDdk hufq vfsJ, ifdKGh stbslsb wvDj rq ˆhQ kfslv drlfqfk jfmbf jsv. spsrkc mrfb iadkiftj hstsYb,

}�F��:-@u�7.<!7&�:1K�9%7��7%א��&>XKא��<-F��<-@u'@�>/�FR:&�p>b�9%&?א��<-F�7و�-@u':x9�<�:&�%?#��<-@u9��/��7�7_وF$��<-:fن�د<&�7� >.9->�وl>�R:/7@'אF�9)�8�71(9نK�7&:2<�_�א��>l>�R:��)��٨(}א�'��M!2`��א� �

ªäDsbv hAfifsv pfvf skfmfslv dhv¢sÝ pcÝ jsvdb ˆhQ skfmfslvsj öslw rsk hdr°jfv jsvdb, kfslv iadk mrfbcHhkf ialwGb W bAfq dhyfv jvsk zfïfr skfmfslvsj dbsNL jsvb bf. dbÇyq zfïfr bAfq-ivfqBslvsj Hfthfsnb.« (mcmkfdrbfr } 8)

dj§Â kfv mfsb ˆƒ bq sp, nh LmG nmfb mfbsk rsh. spsrkc ƒntfmƒ mrfb zfïfrv siadvk ˆjmfÛ LmG.

��אن�4ل��'��)��١٩(}א]F�<�9م:�א��1<��<!��7א��?&%�7(9ن8{�� ªdbÇyq ƒntfm zfïfrv dbje (ˆjmfÛ msbfbDk) LmG.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 19)

>��7&�7>7®�9و%7#7{F|�9مF�<�9[د<&!��א�%F�Fb�7�7�R:&�:1<!>#�7':f7و�p>b�>�7�>G�٨٥(}א7��<�9&#�7%<�7%א��(� �ªsp sj… ƒntfm YfVf zbA LmG zs¦hNB jvsh, kfv i[ rsk kf jJbW

oarB jvf rsh bf. zfv sn rsh ivstfsj [dkoa²Àslv ltHcÙÁ.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 85)

…lfvkf hf nf©ialfdqj n©iaDdk hufq vfJfv mfsb ˆƒ bq sp, mcndtm-


zmcndtm ³hhfdrj n©ijG jfsqm jvsk rsh. iv±isvv LmGDq zbcôfsb spfolfb jvsk rsh. pdl sj… zbAfq W znskAv nfsK zfsifn jvsk hst, kfrst kfsj htcb,

}<�@d��7&��7._&F$�7ون:�>b�FC��١(א�(Fe��77��/�7>�:�:ون#�:�:�<�F$)٢�(��:�:�<�F$��7#�77�"<�:ون��<-:<�F$�e7و)7��)�٣�F$�e7و�<-_/�7�7��7#�\�>"�7�)٤�(�:�:�<�F$��7#�77�"<�:ون��<-:<�F$�e7و)٥�(�7د<&%9p>�7و�<-@C:!&>د�<-@CF�{)ون�)�٦�b�Cא��

ªht, sr zöDjfvjfvDv lt! zfdm kfv ƒhflk jdv bf, pfv ƒhflk skfmvf jv ˆhQ skfmvfW kf]v ƒhflkjfvD bW, p]fv ƒhflk zfdm jdv. ˆhQ zfdm ƒhflkjfvD bƒ kfv, pfv ƒhflk skfmvf j'sv Kfj. ˆhQ skfmvf kf]v ƒhflkjfvD bW, pf]v ƒhflk zfdm jdv. skfmfslv äDb (dwjG) skfmfslv ubA ˆhQ zfmfv äDb (ƒntfm) zfmfv ubA.« (nCvf jfdIv™b)

hAhnf-hfdBsuA W zfdKGj stbslsbv s[sÛ …lfv W nvt rq ydvÛhfb mcndtm. spsrkc ˆmb mfbcN mrfbhD �-ˆv lczfsk wfdmt rq. dkdb hstsYb,

))7->+7��:1Kא��:x7��2<��7و7(9ذ7א�א�i7�7<aو7(9ذ7א�"7�ع�7(9ذ7א��7 7dא.((� �ªzfïfr snƒ hf¦lfv iadk vrm jv¢b, sp dhÛÁqjfst�…lfv,�ÛÁqjfst�

…lfv,�‡B idvswfL jfst�…lfv�ˆhQ�‡B zflfqjfstW�…lfv.«�(hcJfvD 2076,�ƒhsb mfufr 2203, nrDùt ufsm' 3495 bQ)

dbu öfmD-nQnfsv nvtf rq ydvÛhkD mcndtm bfvD. öfmD W w¶ðvhfdVv hAfifsv sjfb nQjDBGkfv dwjfv rq bf sn. pf sufse kfƒ Jfq, kfƒ isv. zdkdvÙÁ djYcv ubA yfi nxdó hf zdHmfb jsv bf. öfmDv zjxkÎkf jsv bf. nvt msb öfmDv Hfstfhfnfv zdLjfdvBD rq. kfv nfsK sjfb Ytfjtf hf yfkcpG hAhrfv j'sv kfsj sL]fjf slq bf. nQnfsvv jfsvf iadk drQnf jsv bf. kfv msb jfsvf iadk sjfb jCdetkf Kfsj bf, i]Afy Kfsj bf. jKfq rq zjie W nvt. iaskAj öfmD yfq ˆmbƒ nrLdmGBD.

`zfdm yfƒ dwð srb …tÌ ivfB,�mcsJ mfJf nvtkf, jq bf nfufsbf jKf,

ufsb bf spfofsk mb jdv bfbf Hfb. iafB sJftf, mb sJftf, zfidb zfibf sHftf,

kfv snr-iaDdk ndh r™lsqv efb. zfdm yfƒ övsov …tÌ ivfB..'�

²ÃDv ubAW ydvÛhfb öfmD rq …lfv-dyÙ. Hfstfhfnfq …ufV jvf hcj, nvt hfsjA siam W rfdn-Hvf mcJ ˆhQ [mfwDtkf iasqfo j'sv ²ÃDv Hctsj


Ict äfvf idvBk jsv. ytfv isK ˆjef slfN slsJ kfv zbA ÈBfhtDsj lxdóycAk jsv bf. mrfbhD �-ˆv dbslGw,

�))M7!>#<o:#�\%>#<o:#�J7�y7&�Fe�7�7G4��7.<!>#�7p>s7��R@�:G��7.<!>#�7�9�Fu�<ن)�.((� �ªsjfb „mfblfv icv¢N spb sjfb „mfblfv bfvD (²ÃDsj) OxBf bf jsv. pdl

sn kfv ˆjde zfyvsB zn§Âó rq, ksh zbA zfyvsB n§Âó rsh.« (mcndtm 3721bQ)

ksh nvt rWqf mfsb zf]yt-Lvf `lfƒqcn' rWqf bq. jfvB kf rst skf shsrwXkƒ dbdNÝ rsq pfsh kfv ubA.

…lfv rWqfv mfsb ˆƒ bq sp, ²ÃDsj shilGf jvsk rsh, shofbfv nfsK slJf-nf[f{ jvsk dlsk rsh, dmwa dw[f iadkôfsb iVsk ifEfsk rsh, hqsüà oarsBv ncspfo dlsk rsh, ˆjfdjbD hfufv pfWqfv hf nIv jvfv zbcmdk dlsk rsh, icv¢Nslv nfsK yfjdv jvsk dlsk rsh, ƒ¤Yfmskf Kfjfv W hfƒsv pfWqf-zfnfv öfLDbkf dlsk rsh ƒkAfdl. spsrkc öfLDbkf icBAmqD ²ÃDsjW bó j'sv sIst.

ˆ dhsw¶v zdLjfQw mfbcN zbclfv. zdLjfQw mfbcN rj ufsb bf, rj mfsb bf. rj oarsB …lfvkf ialwGb jsv bf, hvQ ŠÝkA iajfw jsv. rj mfbsk kjG-dhkjG jsv. ˆƒ swaBDv dhkjGdiaq mfbcNslv jKf mrfb zfïfr k]fv djkfshv ˆjfdLj ufqofq …sïJ jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb,

�K�9)�7%&9�?�7�:#�7%&9��א��:�>��7<��7:�>�<�:�و7#7�{>X!:#77�د<ل:�وS:&7�7و%&>XKوא�א�:�FyFu�9�>h�7��>"א��': �>+<�: >��>1�>"�8k72�وא�א:X7�8/4&7�/<�و7אp��7#7وא�و:�>X�@$و�א�:v:f{)�٥٦�(��'��.Cא��

ª‚dm ðLc ncnQhfllfkf W nkjGjfvDv™siƒ vnCtslvsj ifdEsq Kfdj, dj§Â nkA iakAfJAfbjfvDvf dmKAf zhtìsb dhkàf jsv; pfsk kfv äfvf nkAsj hAKG j'sv slq. zfv kfvf ‚mfv dblwGbfhtD W pfv äfvf kfslvsj nkjG jvf rsqsY, sn nhsj dhla™siv dhNqv™si oarB j'sv Kfsj.« (jfrI } 56)

�>�FyFu��F�Fb�FJ:وא�א�K�9)�7%&>XK��א��7S:&�p>b�>W�7&4�>1K�د<ل:�7#�{:�<r7&�<-:.:�£�FR7/�p>b�>د�F�>��٤(}א�(�b�|� �ªsjht zdhw¶fnDvfƒ zfïfrv dblwGbnmCr nìsá dhkjG jsv, nckvfQ slsw-

slsw kfslv zhfL dhyvB spb skfmfsj dhëf§À bf jsv.« (mc'dmb } 4)�}<;7"8XFu�<-:.F�<�Fd�:م<'Fd�¢':��:7א�v<+FA�و7א�%>#�<->f>�<�7"�<;8�7f7و�_�@u��M8#@$�<-9.>�':�7�>"�:و�:X:GA7 �و7x7�د�7@'א��<9�>h�7��>"א�': >+<�: >��>1>"�8k72�א�<-:.:/<X7GFAFb�7�< FCFb�7ن�Fu�>��FR>�{)�٥�(��'��b�|� �

ªsjht zdhw¶fnDvfƒ zfïfrv dblwGbnmCr nìsá dhkjG jsv, nckvfQ slsw-slsw kfslv zhfL dhyvB spb skfmfsj dhëf§À bf jsv. ˆslv iCshG bCsrv


n©ialfqW bhDoBsj dmKAfhflD hstdYt ˆhQ kfslv isv zbAfbA ltW. iaskAj n©ialfq dbu dbu vnCtsj dbv²À jvfv zdHndá jsvdYt ˆhQ Wvf nkAsj hAKG j'sv slWqfv ubA znfv pcdÙÁ-ksjG dtå rsqdYt, Ist zfdm Wslvsj ifjVfW jvtfm. nckvfQ jk jsEfv dYt zfmfv wfd²À!« (mc'dmb } 4-5)

7 >��9א��7S:&�p>b�>1K�د<ل:��%7#א�!8�س�9و#7<7%{r>"�-�>��:]>�87&7�8و�@uن��Fl< 7a��&9�8#{)�٣�(��'��ª��א� �ªmfbcsNv msLA jkj zfsY pfvf zÎfbkfhwk} zfïfr nìsá dhkàf jsv

ˆhQ zbcnvB jsv iaskAj dhsûfrD wqkfsbv.« (rfÏ } 3) 7 >��9א��7S:&�p>b�>1K�د<ل:��%7#א�!8�س�9و#7<7%{r>"�-�>��F�7و�i��:f��F�7�7��و>u��¦>!�_#)�٨�(�7p>��7��>1�>yl>��8�> : >��%7��9� >�7��>1K1:�א��F��p>b��7 M7#�7<�&7'>م�7وv>G�:1@R&>X:�7>�\�א��_�>>R�7א��7אX7��9k&9�72��٩(א�(F}>�7�7��ذ�>"�<;7#8�Fd�FJن�8&7�7אF$7و�F� >�7TאFم��K�Fz>"�>�>� >�7��{)�١٠�(��'��ª��א� �

ªmfbcsNv msLA sj… sj… Îfb, iKdbslGw W lDdåmfb djkfh YfVfƒ zfïfr nìsá dhkàf jsv. (sn dhkàf jsv) OfV h]fdjsq, stfjslvsj zfïfrv iK rsk ëó jvhfv ubA; kfv ubA ƒrstfsj vsqsY tfÒbf. zfv djqfmskv dlb zfdm kfsj zföfl jvfh u¶t§À zfÈsbv wfd²À. (sndlb kfsj htf rsh,) êf skfmfv jxkjsmGvƒ It. dbÇyqƒ zfïfr hf¦lfslv iadk zkAfyfv jsvb bf.« (rfÏ } 8-10)

}7%&>XK7�د<�@'ن�7א�S:&�p>b�>W�7&4�>1K�9א��< 7r>"ن��Fl�:��<-:f�7/F$�7�:�Fu��R7#�7�!>��>1K�7و�7<!��7א��%&>XK7#4!:�'א��א��F}>�7XFu�:]7�l7&1:א�K��F�7��?�@u�>��Fd��?�FC7:#��8�7x{)�٣٥�(��'��b�|� �

ªpfvf dbsuslv dbje zfok sjfb ltDt-iamfB YfVfƒ zfïfrv dblwGb n©isjG dhkàfq dtå rq---kfslv ˆ jfu zfïfr ˆhQ dhw¶fnDslv dbje zdkwq zns§ÀfsNv dhNq. ˆƒHfsh zfïfr iaskAj …Ýk W ³övfyfvD hAdÙÁv r™lqsj smfrv j'sv slb.« (mc'dmb } 35)

7 >��9א��7S:&�p>b�>W�7&4�>1K�د<�@'ن�7א�XK<&%�7(9ن8{r>"ن��Fl�:��<-:f�7/F$9ن�)�p>b�<->f9��K�9)��\��<�>u��8#��-�:f��3:�:و>1 >r>��7�>"�<X>�7<��Fb�>1K��>"�:18�9)�7':f�:] >��)��٥٦(}א�7��<¦:�א��8'��b�|� �

ªpfvf dbsuslv dbje zfok sjfb ltDt YfVfƒ zfïfrv dblwGbfhtD n©isjG dhksjG dtå rq, Wslv z§Àsv zfsY sjht zrQjfv, pf nIt rWqfv bq. zkˆh kcdm zfïfrv dbje zfwaq iafKGbf jv; dbÇyq dkdbƒ nhGswafkf, nhGlaóf.« (mc'dmb } 56)

i[f§Àsv dkdb ˆƒ …©mksj zfmHfsh kjG jvsk zbcmdk slbdb. dhLmGDslv nfsK kjG jvsk rst snZusbAv nfsK jvsk rsh. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,


}�F�77�د<�@'א�وS:/�7�<fF$�>��7>C�א��K�9)�p>K��>"�7p>f�:%7�<+F$��K�9)�7%&>XKא�א�':�F�F¬�<-:.<!>#א�'@�'@d74#7!8��و��>XK��>"� >!9v�@$��7ل7F�9)�79لv�@$7و�<-@C< F�9)��7!:.F�9)7و�<-@C:.F�9)71:�و27�7>%:�و7א+<�\�وF��7ن':�>�<�:#{)�٤٦�(��'��W'�C!א��

ªsnZusbAv nfsK YfVf skfmvf oa§¿LfvD (ƒqfrClD W dJa±efb)slv nsÌ kjG-dhkjG jsvf bf; ksh Wslv msLA pfvf nDmftQObjfvD, kfslv nfsK (kjG) bq. zfv ht, `zfmfslv iadk ˆhQ skfmfslv iadk pf zhkDBG jvf rsqsY, kfsk zfmvf dhw¶fn jdv ˆhQ zfmfslv …ifnA W skfmfslv …ifnA skf ˆjƒ ˆhQ zfmvf k]fvƒ iadk zfk¹nmiGBjfvD.« (zfbjfhCk } 46)

��9(�9<��אد>ع:{>�7��F}?"7��>M7�C>2��>"�>MFz>�<'7��F}�8"7(9ن�p>K��>"�7p>f��:%7��<+F$�8و7x7�د<�.:-�אM7!7�72�<�و7א��7':f�:-F�<�F$�%7�>"�8�7s�%7��>1>� >�7��7':f7و�:-F�<�F$�7%&>�7<.:��>"{)�١٢٥�(��א�!��2' �

ªkcdm mfbcNsj skfmfv iadkiftsjv isK zfrhfb jv drjmk W nlcislw äfvf ˆhQ kfslv nfsK zfstfybf jv nßfsh. dbÇyq skfmfv iadkiftj, kf]v iK sYsV sj dhiKofmD rq, sn nìsá ndhswN zhdrk ˆhQ sj n{isK zfsY kfW ndhswN zhdrk.« (bfrXt } 125)�

zfv öLmGfhtìDslv nfsK kjG jvsk zfmHfsh dbsNL jvf rsqsY. dhswN j'sv zfïfrv djkfh W kfv zKG hf hAfJAf dbsq kjG-dhkjG jvf smfseƒ ³hL bq. ˆjlf jcvzfbD sjfb dhNq dbsq djYc nfrfhfsj kjG jvsk slsJ bhD � htstb,

C>�<�Fd�<-9.>b�F�><G�>"��F�7��<-9.>��7@->�#<%>�א7X7.>"�<;FC>�<f@$�:-7#@A�א�Fd'>م�9&7��7#.>��((>�<�F$��<-9.>"<��7s7��7و��:@C�א��7.7 :9v<!7&�:�?XFC:&�:1ل>��F->�אR�@�>4ن�7(9ن�8"<��7>��"�7> <�7"�� :1:��&:��7?ق:�"�7>�"�7> �<�7"�� <�7"��7�Fb��<-:b7��7��7@'א�!>1:#<<��Fb�>1>"��7#79.7�:->�وx�:1<!>#�:د_و�:�Fb��F�9)�>1>�>��7�.((� �

ªKfsmf sr stfj njt! bhDslv hAfifsv mksHl ˆhQ djkfshv ˆjfQwsj zbA zQswv nfsK nQONG nxdó j'sv skfmfslv iCshGv hù ufdk L¶Qn rsqsY. jcvzfb ˆHfsh zhkDBG rqdb sp, kfv ˆjfQw zbA zQwsj dmKAfqb jvsh. hvQ kfv ˆjfQw zbA zQwsj nkAfqb jsv. nckvfQ pf skfmvf hcUsk ifv, kfv …iv zfmt jv ˆhQ pf hcUsk ifv bf, kf kfv ÎfbDv dlsj dIdvsq lfW.« (zfrmfl 6702bQ, wfvùt zfj¶Dlfdkk k¶frfdhqAfr 1/218)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, �.�»�y@u\�אR�@�>4نb�9<��א��<�7א�:«� �

ªjcvzfb dhNsq UoVf-dhhfl jvf jcIvD.« (zfhC lf†l 4605, ƒhsb drêfb 1464, nrDr kfvoDh 138bQ)

zfnst ydvÛhfb …lfv rq, mc'dmsbv „mfb rq zjie iakAq W nvt


dhw¶fn, mcndtsmv ƒntfm rq däLfrDb zfk¹nmiGB W dbôfv nfsK zfbcokA. kfv ksjGv iasqfub rq bf, ksjG uVfqW bf. spsrkc sn dhkjG jvsk zfdló bq, sn zfdló iayfv jvsk W si]ZsY dlsk. zfnst kjG jsv mcndtm nmfsu hnhfnjfvD mcndtm bfmLfvD djYc mcbfdIj zKhf jfsIvslv YÛYfqfq hnhfnjfvD djYc ÛÁDkmd²Às°jv mckGfl. kfvfƒ jcvzfb dbsq bfbf nd¦lrfb W dhkjG nxdó j'sv dHkv sKsj ƒntfmsj lchGt jvfv zisyóf jsv. zfv nkA jKf ˆƒ sp, kfvf ksjG nItkf tfH jsv. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))e4ن��د�'א��R��"�eא�و'"XC/��ù�� S�دل��א��o#%��(ن�א��b'א��"��"��^��1א�� 4�R��"��rنbو(ن��kb�!دل�א��S 4�R��"��rن��b.((� �

ªskfmvf jcvzfb dbsq kjG-dhkjG jsvf bf ˆhQ zfïfrv djkfshv djYc zQw äfvf djYc zQwsj dmKAfÎfb jsvf bf. zfïfrv jnm! mc'dmb jcvzfb dbsq dhkjG jvst ivfduk rsh ˆhQ mcbfdIj jcvzfb dbsq dhkjG jvst dhuqD rsh.« (k¶fhfvfbD, dntdntfr nrDrfr 3447bQ)

dpqfl dhb ùlfƒv hstb, ˆjlf zfmfsj …mfv � htstb,�`kcdm ufb dj, ƒntfmsj djsn L¶Qn jvsh?' zfdm httfm, ùD bf.' dkdb htstb,

1#�.&�Mאل�א��³ز��xو�kb�!א��`C��"�-C+و�M��.א�^��א�� `ƒntfmsj L¶Qn jvsh zfstsmv il±Jtb, jcvzfb dbsq mcbfdIsjv dhkjG

ˆhQ ëójfvD wfnjslv vfóºwfnb.' (lfsvmD 214bQ) …lfv rWqf Hfstf, kjG jvf Hfstf bq. iajxk zfstm ksjG uVfb bf. kjG

jvfv ubA ƒtXm dw[f jvfW ³hL bq. mrfbhD � hstsYb, ))��7�'�:x:�7"<�1<�و��7�9"<1<�א��_�7.Fy�F$�،�7و>�&9�<��7�7�: ��7�F$�،�7و>��<F�:��7�9"<1<�א��7S: �7�F�Fh�<%7#א��<�-��7<

7� >F$�،�>1د>1F�7G:�א�@�א�!8�F�9)�9א�!8�س((.� �ªsp hAdÙÁ …tfmfslv nfsK kjG jvfv ubA, zKhf mCJG stfsjslv nfsK hynf

jvfv ubA ˆhQ ub nfLfvsBv nmKGb (hf zKG) jcVfhfv ubA ƒtXm zsb¶NB jsv, sn hAdÙÁsj zfïfr ufrfâfm iashw jvfshb.« (dkvdmpD 2654, ƒhsb zfdhÜcbqAf, rfsjm 293, hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb 1772, nrDr kfvoDh 100 bQ)

�:��'א�א��<��-f��7�:>��7:'א�"<��1<�א��:�((K�7�7/�Fe�Fe7�7،�و�7�.Fy_وא�"<��1<�א��:��7�:>��Fe7�7،�و��7��F��>1��>"��8:وא� 7�7/�7T>��7S7��:�7א�!8��:7א��8!��Fb�،�F}>�7�7�7ذ�Fb�<%7�Fb�،((.� �

ªskfmvf …tfmfosBv nfsK kjG-hfrfn jvfv …sÜswA ƒtXm dw[f jsvf bf, ƒtXm äfvf mCJG stfsjslv nfsK hfoXdhkàf jsvf bf ˆhQ kÜ¶fvf zfnb, il hf


sbkxk¶) tfsHv zfwf jsvf bf. jfvB, sp hAdÙÁ kf jsv kfv ubA vsqsY ufrfâfm, kfv ubA vsqsY ufrfâfm.« (ƒhsb mfufr 254, ƒhsb drêfb 77, hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb 1771, nrDr kfvoDh 101bQ)

ksjG zsbj nmq rjsj hfdkt iadkiâ jvf rq. zfv sn s[sÛ ëókf YfVf zfv jD tfH rq? zfv ˆƒ ubAƒ mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))�7#�8�7s�\م<'Fd�7�<�7"�i��:fא�':��Fu�>1< F�7��K�9)7�7ل�7$@و/:'א�S�א.((�8-:��F$7�Fd�}��7#�:�':"7�7s�F}F��K�9)��7�7x�<�7"�<-:f�\م<'Fd�7ن':�>�7G{.� �

ªdrlfqfkiafdåv iv sp ufdkƒ iKëó rsqsY snƒ ufdkv msLAƒ jtr-diaqkf iad[å rsqsY.« zk}iv dkdb ˆƒ zfqfk ifE jvstb.

�:'>ن�7>�7G�\م<'Fd�<-:f�<�7"�،e7�7x�Ke9)�F}F��:�<':"7�7s��7#�� zKGf{, kfvf skfmfv nfmsb sp …lfrvB siw jsv, kf sjht dhksjGv ubAƒ

jsv. h²Âk} kfvf rt ˆj dhkjGjfvD n©ialfq. (nCvf pcJv¢I 58 zfqfk) (zfrmfl 22164, 22204, dkvdmpD 3253, ƒhsb mfufr 48, ƒhsb zfdhÜcbXqAf, nrDr kfvoDh 136bQ)

kjGdiaq mfbcN mrfb iadkiftsjv dbje iY¦lbDq bq. hvQ sn k]fv dbje nhsysq OxBA. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�.�»א�7��<-:�א��F�F_�א��F�9)�>1Kא��?7x�ل�7�7r<"F$�9(9ن8«� �ªzfïfrv dbje nhsysq dbjxó swaBDv mfbcN rt jdEb UoVfse W

ùÏkjfvD hAdÙÁ.« (hcJfvD 2457, mcndtm 6951bQ iamcJ) rji§¿D W nkAfwaqD dbdÇyk rWqf nsÙ¶W kjG jvf …dyk bq. sp kjG jsv

bf, sn ydvÛhfb. kfv ubA vsqsY shsrwXkD mrt. mrfbhD � hstsYb, �»�7�F$�\- 7 >;��ز�7<�>"��>b�9�7"7��>M8!7S�%7>�א�>��FJ7��7/��7�7א��>��وb��>��7�7<��و7"<�7 >�;��#:�Fu��R>2�ن��7و7(9ن>�א�>M8!7S�%7>�א�>��FJ7�7/�7�>XFC�ن�7و7(9ن>�א�Fu��+97�ز#��;< �%7>�אb��F�<�F$�>M8!7S�<��و7�>"7>1:�+��7%8�7FR@�:G«�.� �

ªzfdm ufâfskv ifsw¶G ˆj oxsrv ufdmb snƒ hAdÙÁv ubA sp nkAfwaqD rWqf nsÙ¶W kjG huGb jsv, ufâfskv mfsU ˆj oxsrv ufdmb kfv ubA sp …irfn YstW dmKAf kAfo jsv ˆhQ ufâfskv nhfv …isv ˆj oxsrv ufdmb kfv ubA pfv ydvÛ nc¦lv rq.« (zfhc lf†l 4802, k¶fhfvfbD 7361bQ)�

zfv hfdkti§¿D rsq susbðsb kjG jvf zhwAƒ ydvÛhfb mfbcsNv jmG bq. ˆmb stfj mrfb iadkiftsjv sÛÁfLHfub. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�:1:�و7G��>b��>h�7"�7':f7�73-�7و%7#7>�...«�F�<�7&�<-F��<7لv7&��>b�>�7�7��>1K9ع��87+�7א��v<!7&�:1<!7��....«�.� �ª--sp hAdÙÁ susbðsb sjfb hfdkt (zbAfq) dhNsq kjG jsv, sn hAdÙÁ


kk[B ipG§À zfïfrv svfsN Kfsj; pk[B ipG§À sn kf huGb bf jsv.« (zfhC lf…l 3597, rfsjm 2/27, k¶fhfvfbD, hfƒrfjD, nrDùt ufsm' 6196bQ)

kjG bf jvfv hAfifsv ÎfbDslv …islw rt }- 1. kjG jsvf bf, jfvB ksjG sukf hcdÝmfsbv jfu bq, ksjG bf uVfsbf

hcdÝmfsbv jfu. 2. sjfb ³LpGwDt hf zfrmsjv nfsK kjG jsvf bf. jfvB, ³LpGwDt

skfmfsj ivfduk jvsh ˆhQ zfrmj skfmfsj dj½ó jvsh. 3. zfrmsjv nsÌ kjG jsvf bf, jfvB stfsj skfmfslv mfsU ifKGjA dbBGq

jvsk Hct jvsk ifsv. 4. zfvhD jdh hstsYb,

��1��b�1 yא��klذא��)��*W'C�1א��`"�x)�%#�¦�b zKGf{, zfrmj pJb jKf hst, kJb kcdm kfv jKfv uhfh dlsqf bf.

spsrkc kfv jKfv uhfh slWqf zsi[f yci Kfjf …Ùm. zfv mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

7�>�:'ن�7א�XK<&�7%א��8+>�7%�9و�7<�7�د:{&��F�7��9ض<�FA�7'>��אf7.:-:�و7(9ذ7א��Fh�7G�7ن'@�>f�7S�א�א'@��Fd��#�F�7�{�� ªkfvfƒ ivm lqfmsqv lfn, pfvf ixdKhDsk bmaHfsh ytfsIvf jsv ˆhQ

kfslvsj pJb zÎ hAdÙÁvf nsìfLb jsv, kJb kfvf hst, `nftfm'.« (Icvj¶fb } 63)

7��7�<�:'א�و7(9ذ7א{'<rKא�א��':s7�<�F$�:1<!7א��'@��Fd77��و!F��7!@��7�<�F$�<-@CF�7و�<-@C@��7�<�F$�\م�F�7��<-@C< F�7��F��p�>r7<�7��7�>�>f�7S��٥٥(}א�(��'��¶�Rא��

ªWvf pJb znfv hfjA wahB jsv, kJb Wvf kf idvrfv j'sv yst ˆhQ hst, `zfmfslv jfsuv ubA zfmvf lfqD ˆhQ skfmfslv jfsuv ubA skfmvf lfqD; skfmfslv iadk nftfm. zfmvf zÎslv nÌ yfƒ bf.« (j¶fn¶fn¶ } 55)�

5. mCsJGv nfsK kjGpcÝ�hf hfjXpcÝ�jvfv mfsbƒ rt ifKsvv …iv rfk dlsq zfOfk jvf. rfkƒ [k-dh[k rsh, ifKsvv jD rsh? jfvB, kf skf dbuGDh.

6. hybhfdow zfv mCsJGv nfsK Jhvlfv kjG jsvf bf. jfvB, iaKsmfsÙÁv jfsY kcdm ivfduk rsh�ˆhQ däkDsqfsÙÁv jfsY rsh zimfdbk.

7. ÎfbD pdl mCsJGv smfjfdhtfq isV ksh kfv dbje sKsj n©mfsbv zfwf jvf dEj bq. zfv sjfb mCJG pdl ÎfbD stfsjv smfjfdhtfq dusk pfq, ksh zfÇyspGv djYc bq. jfvB, ifKsvv zfOfsk mcÙÁfv dhbfw nrsuƒ rsq Kfsj. (swJ nf'lD)


8. ˆjde mCtArDb ifKv pdl snfbfv ifÛ sHsÌ�sIst, kfrst kfsk ifKsvv sjfb iajfv mCtA hxdÝ�rq bf�ˆhQ snfbfvW sjfb iajfv mCtA rafn rq bf. (swJ nf'lD)

9. mCJGslv mudtsn sjfb ÎfbD hAdÙÁv jKf bf ytst kfsk zhfj rWqfv djYc bq. jfvB, Tfsjv wsèv jfsY khtfv wè dhtDb rWqf ˆhQ vncsbv lcoGsáv jfsY LCsiv ncoá�dhtcå�rWqfefƒ öfHfdhj. (swJ nf'lD)

10. ˆjub mCJG sjfb ÎfbD hAdÙÁsj ksjG rfdvsq dlst sn zf±Iftb jvsk Kfsj. dj§Â�kfv�ˆ�jKf ufbf sbƒ sp, Tfsjv TiTsi wsèv mfsU smfrb h]fwDv ncv dhtDb rsq pfq. (swJ nf'lD)

11. mcrf©mfl dhb ùnfƒb hstb, jfsvf nfsK ùÏk jsvf bf. jfvB, ùÏk äDb bó jsv slq ˆhQ r™lsq dhsäN nxdó jsv.

idvswsN hdt, ksjG sjfb tfH sbƒ. ksjG rjsj hfdkt iadkiâ jvf rsk ifsv. ksjG ltDt rfdvsq iadki[ oftfofdt W znHA HfNf iasqfo jsv. isv hfVfhfdV rsq kf mfvfmfdvsk si]ZsY spsk ifsv. spsrkc ksjG dbsuv sOftsj sj… ej hst bf.

`njt iDVfv ŠNsLv nfv ncvf, ncvfifqD jq sv, sp pfrfv hw ofq kfv pw ðsb mCP hw rq sv.'

kfƒ sj… rj bf mfbst zfidb kfv nfsK kjG jvshb bf. zfibfv jfu rj si]ZsY slWqf. drlfqfskv mfdtj zfïfr.

nQnfv-LsmGW zfidb kjG huGb jv¢b. jKfq-jKfq kjG jvst stfj zfibfv dbje sKsj nsv pfsh, zfibfv nfsK sj… slJf jvskW yfƒsh bf. kjGfkdjGsk Hfstfhfnf mdtb rsk Kfsj. dhswN j'sv zfidb sYfe rst hVslv nfsK kjG jvshb bf, jvst zfidb kfv jfsY zdiaq W zhfdÒk rsq pfshb. jfsvf jKf iY¦l bf rst zKhf zspZdÙÁj tfost ˆhQ smsb dbsk bf ifvstW kjG huGb jv¢b. kfsk wfd§À ifshb, öd²À ifshb. bsy{ ˆmbW rsk ifsv, kjG ˆj nmq dbsq pfsh oftfofdtsk. zk}iv swN rsh mfvfmfdvsk.


ndròckf

ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢sNv ˆjde mr{ ÈB rt ndròckf W nrbwDtkf. slJshb kfslv iadk lchGAhrfv jvf rs¤Y, lchGAhrfsvv iadkswfsL zbcv™i lchGAhrfv jvfv [mkf zKhf kfv wfd²À slWqfv [mkf Kfjf nsÙ¶W kfvf sn [mkf iasqfo jvsY bf. dbsuv iadk jxk zbAfqsj nrA jsv pfs¤Y. kfvf äDsbv hAfifsv sjfb zbAfqfyvBsj hvlf²À jsv bf, dj§Â dbsuv hAfifsv zisvv zbAfqfyvBsj hvlf²À W rum j'sv dbs¤Y.

wÛ¢v wÛ¢kfv dhv¢sÝ nQpm W ndròckfv bDdk zhtìb jvsY. dhsvfLDv dhsvfdLkfv bDdkv hAfifsv nrbwDtkf zhtìb jvsY. drQncsjv drQnfv sYfhst isVW ndròc rsq uDhb-pfib jvsY. zhfLA ²ÃD-n§Àfsbv hAfifsvW ndròckf zhtìb j'sv ystsY. zkAfyfvD öfmD-w¶fðVDv zkAfyfsvv mcsJ nrbwDtkfv zflwG ialwGb j'sv

ystsY. hfvhfv HctjfvD lfn-lfnD W HxkA-yfjsvv Hcst nrbwDtkfv nlfyfv

iasqfo j'sv ystsY. pfstm iawfnsbv d±em v¢tfsvv dbsy dió rsqW nrAwDtkfv bDdk z]fjsV

LfvB j'sv zfsY. iadkä¦äDslv jef[ W oftfofdtv dhv¢sÝW ndròc rWqf W [dqòc bf

rWqfv zfiafB iasyóf yfdtsq pfs¤Y. pfv iadk …ijfv jvf rsqsY, dj§Â sn zjxkÎ, ˆmb sbmjrfvfsmv dhv¢sÝ

ndròckfv bDdk zhtìb j'sv nQnfv jvsY. kfvf kf ifvsh bf sjb? kfslv zflwG sp ndròc bhD mcrf©mflcv vfnCtcïfr �. mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb,

��>��7��7:'ل:�א�? :G��7#��7ن��Fu�<ن,�Fb�،��·)�<%�@C7&�<-F��7#�،��7�:f7�7�<&$�7X7GF$�Ke9)�£�Fd�9%<&7�<#$�7%< 7"��7��7:'ل:�א�<��.�(·��،�Fu�ن$�7">��7�7א�!8�س#�9<!>1:��-FR7<و7#7��א��F}�7.7<!:/ن�$�Ke9)�،£�Fd��<p7a��>1>�y7!>��F��7�7/�>1K�>��7->R7<!7 Fb�،��.+:�>M7#@�א �

`vfnCtcïfr �-sj pJbƒ lc'de jfsuv msLA öfLDbkf slWqf rk, kJbƒ dkdb sn lc'dev msLA nru jfude oarB jvskb; pdl sn jfude odrGk bf rk. dj§Â kf odrGk jfu rst dkdb kf sKsj njstv sysq shdw lCsv Kfjskb. zfv vfnCtcïfr � dbsuv ubA jJbƒ sjfb dhNsq iadkswfL oarB jsvbdb.


dj§Â (sj…) zfïfrv rfvfmjxk jfu j'sv sItst dkdb sjhtmfÛ mrfb zfïfrv ubA iadkswfL dbskb.' (hcJfvD 3560, mcndtm 6190bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, `zfïfrv vf²Àfq durfl hAkDk vfnCtcïfr � jJsbf jf…sj örs²À mfsvbdb, bf sjfb ²ÃDsj bf sjfb lfn-lfnDsj. jfsvf dlj sKsj dkdb sjfb jó sist jólfkfv dbje sKsj iadkswfL sbbdb. rA]f, pdl zfïfrv rfvfmjxk sjfb dudbn tQOb jvf rk (zKGf{ sj… ycdv, hAdHyfv ƒkAfdl jfu j'sv sItk), kfrst mrfb zfïfrv ubAƒ dkdb iadkswfL dbskb (wfd²À dlskb).' (mcndtm 6195bQ)

mrfb zfïfrW hV ndròc. hf¦lfsj sJsk-ivsk slb, zfv kfvf k]fv zhfLAfyvB jsv. k]fv nfmsb zbAfqfyvB jsv, sbfQvfdm jsv. zfv dkdb nh slsJW nrA j'sv pfb; kdV{ wfd²À slb bf. dkdb ndròckfsj iY¦l jsvb. spmb k]fv bhD �W iY¦l jsvb nrbwDtkfsj.

ˆjlf dkdb zfwfÏX zfèct jfsqnsj hstsYb, �))�@��7��א:._�>�9%&:2< 7F�<�7G�F} >b�8א2�<�-:�و7א��7��@�:�(9ن.((� �

ªdbÇyq skfmfv msLA ˆmb lc'de öHfh vsqsY pf zfïfr iY¦l jsvb; nrbwDtkf W dy§Àf-Hfhbf j'sv jfu jvf.« (mcndtm 126bQ)

ndròckfv bDdkv …ijfdvkf jD? `sp nq, sn vq. zndròckf ialwGsb rsq pfq tq.' ˆjef bmcbf slJcb hdBGk rflDsn.

zfhC ùvfƒvf � hstb, ˆj hAdÙÁ htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfv djYc zfk¹Dq zfsY, zfdm kfslv nfsK zfk¹Dqkf hufq vfdJ, zfv kfvf dYâ jsv. zfdm kfslv nfsK näAhrfv jdv, zfv kfvf zfmfv nfsK lchGAhrfv jsv. kfvf jó dlst zfdm nrA jdv, zfv kfvf zfmfv nfsK mCsJGv zfyvB jsv.' dkdb htstb,

�))��7#�<-9.< �F�7��\¦9.F¬�>�8�y>�:/��7£.:->�א��8�7،�و7v7&�Fe7אل:��F}7�7##<�7%א�ACFb�،�7;�@d��7�Fu�7;<!@u�<%>~F��F}>ذ��F�7��7;<#:د.((� �

ªpdl kf-ƒ rq, kfrst kcdm spb kfslv mcsJ ovm Yfƒ dbs[i jvY (zKGf{, ˆ jfsu kfvf sofbfrofv rq.) ˆhQ skfmfv nfsK zfïfrv i[ sKsj kfslv dhv¢sÝ nfrfpAjfvD Kfjsh; pk[B ipG§À kcdm ˆv …iv zdhyt Kfjsh.« (mcndtm 6689bQ)

ˆƒ ndròc ydvsÛv mfbshv msbƒ nxdó rq [mfwDtkf. ˆƒ mfbh-mfbhDvfƒ ixdKhDsk wfd§À iadkôf jvsk ifsv.�


³LpGwDtkf

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nfLfvBk} ³LpGLfvB jvf rq dkb dhNsq } mrfb zfïfrv Ivp W zfslw iftsb ³LpG, mrfb zfïfrv dbsNL iftb W rfvfm huGsb ³LpG ˆhQ mrfb zfïfrv dhdLv dhLfsb ³LpG.

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mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }<�>�<3�Fb�9-C:2>��F}?"7��F�7و�<]>l:/�<-:.<!>#��א�$Fو>��4<'@yFu{)�٢٤�(��א]��ن��' �

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idvrfv j'sv yt.« (mcpXpfd©mt } 10) }<�>�<3�Fb��F�7��7#�7ن'@�'@R7&�<B?�7�7و�>�<�72>"�F}?"7��7�<�Fd�9ع'@�@h�9T<��)�٣٩(}אr�:�:و�<�و�Fd7>��7א��8 �

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(wÛ¢v dhis[) nlf ia²Âk Kfj; zfv zfïfrsj Hq jv, pfsk skfmvf nItjfm rsk ifv.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 200)

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HfoA W Hfso kcó Kfjf mr{ stfsjv ydvÛ.


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zfïfr ³LpGwDtslv nsÌ Kfsjb.« (hfj¶fvfr } 153) }<-@C8�7'@�<�7!F�7و��<p7�>"�7%?#�<��و7"��7?��9و7א�=8�7��7אW<��و7א��9T�@yא��7#F'7אل��9#?�%��7و�R7�7¶��و7אS�:�'ع��9א7��'

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Istv (Instv) sbfjnfb äfvf ivD[f jvh; zfv kcdm SLpGwDtslvsj ncnQhfl lfW.« (hfj¶fvfr } 155)

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LfvB jv, vfuA skf zfïfrvƒ! dkdb kf]v lfnslv msLA pfsj ƒ¤Yf kfv …ÙvfdLjfvD jsvb ˆhQ nfhLfbDslv ubAƒ skf ðH idvBfm!« (zf'vfI } 128)

nhsvv It dmEf rq. ³LspGv idvBfm ðH rq. mrfb iadkiftj ifdKGh uDhsb ³LpGwDtslv nfsKv nfKD, kfslv nfrfpAjfvD. zfv ivjfstv uDhsb kfslvsj slshb mrficvõfv.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }�7!�7�7x7و�<-:.<!>#�M8�>�F$�77�9��&7.>�:ون�<#FA>"��8�Fא��7�73:وא��':��Fu7ن�7"<�&7�/<!7��و':!>d':&{)�٢٤�(��Sא��

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ªpfvf zkAfyfdvk rhfv iv zfïfrv isK druvk (öslw kAfo) jsvsY, zfdm zhwAƒ kfslvsj lcdbqfq …Ùm zfhfn ialfb jvh. zfv ivjfstv icvõfvƒ zdLj hV; pdl kfvf ufbk! pfvf SLpG LfvB jsvsY ˆhQ dbsuslv iadkiftsjv …iv dbHGv jsv.« (bfrXt } 41-42)

}�7#�<-@u7�!>��:�Fy!7&��7#79&7%��8"�7�ق��א��1<��<!��7وv�<S7!F�7��7و%&>X�K�7��73:وא��א��-:f7��<xF$��9%7��<+FA>"��7#��א':��Fu��7@'ن7<�٩٦(}&�7�(��א�!��2' �

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}F}>~F�<�7'>ن��7$@و/<o:&��-:f7��<xF$��9%< 7/8��8#��7�:ون�7��73��7:وא��"< 7��7زf��7!d7:->��و#7<��8��א��8 ?~M7!7��72��FM7<�"<�و��7&7>��)��٥٤(}&:!R>y@'ن7'��¶�Rא��

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ˆhQ zfdm kfslvsj sp v¢pD dlsqdY kf rsk hAq jsv.« (rfÏ } 34-35) }<�@d��7&�>��7<�7�د%&>XKא�7#4!:'א�א�'@R8/א�<-@C8"7��7%&>XK�>7!:'א��<+F$�p>b��>�>X�7f��7 �>ض:�+��mM7!7��7א��_�>F$71<��و�Kא��mM7�>7��و7א��8�9)��Kb7':&�>"�8ون7א��:��-:f7�<xF$�9�< 7r>"��7�>+{)�١٠�(��'��#vא��

ªsOfNBf j'sv lfW (zfmfv ˆ jKf), sr zfmfv dhw¶fnD lfnoB! skfmvf skfmfslv iadkiftjsj Hq jv. pfvf ˆ ixdKhDsk jtAfBjv jfu jsv, kfslv ubA zfsY jtAfB. zfv zfïfrv ixdKhD iaw²À. SLpGwDtslvsj skf zidvdmk icvõfv slWqf rsh.« (pcmfv } 10)

�:'ن��9{N�FC:/�e77��و. >b7~:'א��<Gل�7א�Fd)١٠٨�(�<�>y|�Fb��8!7#4��7!8"7�(Fu�:18�9�نk&9�Fb�7\�#<%>��<�7�د<��&R7@'�@'ن�7��7�>�7 >�:�א��8א+<G�7;<�F$77��و!<�7+<��:'u<'7��F$��87+��&9�<�>��<-:f@->�ذ<��9�u)�١٠٩(�F!7��و7א:/<X7�8/�Fb��<-:�!@u7و

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zfmfv nfsK sjfb jKf hstf bf. zfmfv hf¦lfslv msLA ˆjlt dYt pfvf htk, sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! zfmvf dhw¶fn jsvdY; nckvfQ kcdm zfmfslvsj [mf jsv lfW W zfmfslv …iv lqf jv, kcdm skf lqftcslv msLA swaô lqftc. dj§Â kfslvsj dbsq skfmvf ˆskf EfÕf-dhû™i jvsk sp, kf skfmfslvsj zfmfv jKf Hcdtsq dlsqdYt; skfmvf skf kfslvsj dbsq rfdn-EfÕfƒ jvsk. zfdm zfu kfslvsj kfslv ³LspGv jfvsB ˆmbHfsh icvõxk jvtfm sp, kfvfƒ rt nItjfm.« (mc'dmbCb } 108-111)

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(Icvj¶fb } 75) }7%&>XK�7�73�7:وא�و7א�r><"א�1<��<x77"?.9->�و��8��وRFy�F$7@�'א��א��F�F�8و�FdF$7�#:'א��>#��<-:f��7!d77ز� M�7��<��א��>�F�7�7و�

:ون7 7��7BF��73وG<�7&��<%�7#7:�@'�7.7��7>ن�W�8!7x:)��٢٢(א��8א�F��7�R:��9.:->�$@و>��F}>~Fא��8 ?~M7!7�72��>"�FM7<�و�7&7><%>#�<-9.>��7"4�<-9.>xز>و7אF$78�/<.9->�و&?� >.G<�7&�<-9:�@'ن�7و7א��MFC>��7@�و7ذ:F�7��<%>#�?�@u��7")��7م\�)��٢٣��<-@C< �F�7��7�>"�<-:/<�7�73�7-<�>!Fb��7�R:��9��א��'��)��٢٤(}א��8א �

zfv pfvf kfslv iadkiftsjv mcJm×t (lwGb hf n§Âdó) tfsHv ubA ³LpG LfvB jsv, bfmfp nciadkdôk jsv, zfdm kfslvsj sp uDhsbfijvB dlsqdY, kf rsk sofisb W iajfswA hAq jsv ˆhQ pfvf Hft äfvf m¦lsj iadkrk jsv, kfslv ubA ðH idvBfm (ivjfstv oxr); ²¿fqD ufâfk, kfsk kfvf iashw jvsh ˆhQ kfslv dikf-mfkf, idkikD W n§Àfb-n§Àdkslv msLA pfvf n{jmG jsvsY kfvfW. zfv dIdvñfoB kfslv jfsY iashw jvsh iaskAj lvuf dlsq. (kfvf htsh,) `skfmvf ³LpGLfvB jsvY hst skfmfslv iadk wfd§À! jkƒ bf Hft ˆƒ idvBfm.' (vf'l } 22-24)

[mfwDtkf

sj… zbAfq jvst zKhf sjfb lchGAhrfv jvst kfsj wfd²À slWqfv [mkf Kfjf nsÙ¶W wfd²À bf dlsq hf sjfb iajfv iadkswfL oarB bf j'sv zivfLDsj [mf j'sv slWqf ncydvÛhfsbv ˆjde mrf nlXÈB. ˆ ÈB ufâfkD mfbcNslv ÈB. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

��F�9)��7�>y<r7#�%?#�<-@C?"8و7�7��9:'א{��M8!7x77��و.:s<�7��:W7�و7א��>ض:�א��8Fو7א��<W8�>�@$�7�>R8:��>�)�١٣٣�(7%&>XKن�7א�'@R>y!:&��p�>b��א��8�8א��8�8א �<��7و7א��>¬��FC�و7א��F¤< �7r��7א�>b��7��2<��_��و7א��1:��א�!�8�س�7��9%��9و7א:&�

7�>!>�<2:��אن�4ل��'��)��١٣٤(}א�� ªskfmvf iadkspfdokf (k¶vf) jv, skfmfslv iadkiftsjv dbje sKsj [mf

ˆhQ shsrsñv ubA, pfv ia²¿ zfjfw W ixdKhDv nmfb, pf LmGHDv¢slv ubA ia²Âk vfJf rsqsY. pfvf n¤Yt W zn¤Yt zh²¿fq lfb jsv, sÛÁfL nQhvB jsv ˆhQ mfbcNsj [mf j'sv Kfsj. zfv zfïfr (dhðÝdyÙ) n{jmGwDtslvsj Hfthfsnb.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 133-134)

dkdb zbAÛ hstsYb, �)��٢٠١(}#_�>�<�:ونFb�-:f�7,9ذ7א�/�Ku7X7:وא��ن9א��8 >Fh�7%?#�Fl��<�\�#8�7.:->�(9ذ7א�א/FR8'א�א�XK<&%�7(9ن8{ �

ªdbÇyqƒ pfvf nfhLfb rq, pJb wqkfb kfslvsj jcm§ÃBf slq, kJb kfvf


zfk¹nsykb rq ˆhQ k{[Bf{ kfslv y[c Jcst pfq.« (zf'vfI } 201) …ÙÁ zfqfskv ˆj zsKG htf rsqsY, ªdbÇyqƒ pfvf nfhLfb rq, pJb

wqkfb kfslvsj jcm§ÃBf slq« zKGf{, sn kfslv msb sÛÁfL nxdó jsv, ªkJb kfvf zfk¹nsykb rq ˆhQ k{[Bf{ kfslv y[c Jcst pfq.« nckvfQ kfvf zivfLDsj mfuGbf jsv.

mrfb zfïfr zbAÛ hstsYb, }7%&>XK7!<�:'ن�7و7א�<S7&�7�>��7�Fu�9-<�9,�7א+<��7א'Fy�א�#7��و7(9ذ7א�و7א':�> F|�<-:f�7ون:�>y<r7&{)�٣٧�(i��א��' �

ªpfvf mrfifi W zw½Dt jfu rsk lCsv Kfsj ˆhQ sÛÁfLfd¦hk rst [mf j'sv slq.« (wCvf } 37)

zivfLDsj [mf jvf mrfmfbhslv mr{ ÈB. zfv kfv ncItW hV nc¦lv. mrfbhD � kfsqIhfnDsj [mf jsvdYstb. bsy{ kfvf dyvksv L¶Qn rsq

spk. dkdb ncmfmf dhb …nftsj [mf jsvdYstb, Ist sn ƒntfm LmG oarB

jsvdYt. ˆjlf ˆj mv¢HCdmsk mv¢-hfhtf ofsYv …iv dbsuv kvhfdv tesj svsJ

kfv Yfqfv dbsy dhwafm dbsk dosq Ocdmsq dosqdYstb zfmfslv mrfbhD �. ƒdkmsLA ˆj shlc„b lcwmb ˆsn k]fv ‰ kvhfdvde rfsk dbsq k]fv …iv kcst Lsv htt, `Wsr mcrf©mfl! kcdm dj zfmfsj Hq ifW bf?'

mrfbhD � dbHGsq htstb, `bf.' shlc„b htt, `skfmfsj zfmfv rfk rsk sj v[f jvsh?' dkdb htstb, `zfïfr.' shlc„b zfhfv htt, `skfmfsj zfmfv rfk rsk sj v[f jvsh?' dkdb iCshGjfv mkƒ htstb, `zfïfr.' shlc„b icbvfq htt, `skfmfsj zfmfv rfk rsk sj v[f jvsh?' dkdb icbvfq htstb, `zfïfr.' ˆviv shlc„sbv slr-mb sj]si …Et. nrnf kfv rfk sKsj kstfqfvde

isV sot. mrfbhD � kf kcst dbsq kfv iadk kcst Lsv htstb, `ˆhfv skfmfsj zfmfv rfk rsk sj v[f jvsh?'

shlc„b htt, `sj… bq.' zKhf `kcdm.' lqfv bhD � kfsj mfI j'sv dlstb, Ist sn mcntmfb rsq sot. zbA

hBGbf msk sn mcntmfb rqdb; dj§Â zÌDjfvhÝ rt sp, sn k]fv dhv¢sÝ sjfbÛÁsmƒ zfv pcÝ jvsh bf. (zfrmfl, hcJfvD, mcndtm, bfnf„, hfƒrfj¶D, dmwjfk 5305bQ)


mÄf-dhusqv pcsÝ dhuq tfsHv iv dkdb ƒ¤Yf jvst hù icvfkb s[fH dmefsk ifvskb ˆhQ jfsIv mÄfhfnDsj ˆj ƒwfvfq L¶Qn j'sv dlsk ifvskb. dj§Â dkdb kf jsvbdb. jfvB k]fv skf hAdÙÁok sjfb sÛÁfL dYt bf ˆhQ dkdb skf L¶Qsnv ubA siadvk rbdb. kfƒ dkdb [mf sOfNBf j'sv hstdYstb,

)��7�>S<��7� >1<�د7א�Fb�:�7.:'4�7#<�%\�و7#�7%>�د�7��7G7א�F�7��7kF�|F$�<%7#74�7#<%\�و':.Fb�77�ن y:��>"F$�7�#7%>�د�7�7G7د7א\%>#4�7':.Fb�%#4�'.b�¢א��R�$�%#و.(� �

zKGf{, sp zfhC ncdIqfsbv Osv Tcjsh, sn dbvfil. sp dbu Osvv lvuf há jsv sbsh, sn dbvfil. sp mndusl Tcjsh, sn dbvfil. sp z²Ã huGb jvsh, sn dbvfil. (mcndtm 4724, zfhC lf†l 3023bQ)

mÄf dhusqv dlb zftD � zfhC ncdIqfbsj htstb, `zfïfrv vnCt �-ˆv n©mcsJ dosq snƒ jKf ht, sp jKf ƒ…ncsIv HfƒoB ƒ…ncIsj hstdYstb,

}8!@u7��و7(9ن�!< F�7��:1א��FJ7�7�4�<�FRF��>1��7/7�>~>h�7�F��{)�٩١�(��'&��'�� `zfïfrv wiK! zfïfr dbÇyq skfmfsj zfmfslv …iv iafLfbA dlsqsYb

ˆhQ db}ns¦lsr zfmvfƒ dYtfm zivfLD.' (ƒ…ncI } 91) dbÇyq dkdb yfƒshb bf sp, zbA sj… …Ùsv k]fv yfƒsk shdw nc¦lv srfj. nckvfQ zfhC ncdIqfb snƒ mskf jvst vfnCtcïfr � kfsj htstb,

}7�>��>+7-:�א��8א+<F$�7':f7و�<-@CF��:1א��:�>y<r7&�77'>م >C@-:�א�F�7��7�&7�<=7/�Fe{)�٩٢�(��'&��'�� `zfu skfmfslv dhv¢sÝ sjfb zdHspfo sbƒ. zfïfr skfmfslvsj [mf

jv¢b ˆhQ dkdbƒ nhGswaô lqftc. (ƒ…ncI } 92) (dIj¶Xùn nDvfr 376ix}, zfv-vfrDj¶ct mfJkCm 376ix})

mrfbhD � hù mCJG W zÎslv lchGAhrfsv [mfwDtkf ialwGb jsvdYstb. spsrkc k]fv iadkiftsjv dbslGw dYt,

}>X:G�7'y7��و#$7:�>�א�>��)��١٩٩(}אf�7S�<�<�7��7%�9و�F$7>�9ض>�"<��:�>'��א��א �ªkcdm [mfwDtkfv bDdk zhtìb jv, n{jfsuv dbslGw lfW ˆhQ

mCJGslvsj ˆdVsq yt.« (zf'vfI } 199) zfècïfr dhb mfn…l � hstb, ùbfƒb pcsÝv odbmskv mft h¦esb

vfnCtcïfr � djYc stfjsj (kfslvsj zfjxó jvfv ubA) iafLfbA dlstb (zKGf{, zbA stfsjv kctbfq kfslvsj shwD mft dlstb). nckvfQ dkdb zfj¶vf' dhb rfshnsj ˆjwk …e dlstb ˆhQ …qfƒbf dhb drnXbsjW kfvƒ mskf dlstb. zbcv™i zfvshv zfsvf djYc níf§À mfbcNsjW sndlb (mft)


h¦esb iafLfbA dlstb. (ˆ slsJ) ˆjde stfj htt, `zfïfrv jnm! ˆƒ h¦esb ƒbnfI jvf rqdb ˆhQ ˆsk zfïfrv ns§ÀfN tfsHv ƒ¤Yf vfJf rqdb!' zfdm (ƒhsb mfn…l) httfm, `zfïfrv jnm! dbÇyq zfdm ˆƒ nQhfl zfïfrv vnCt �-sj si]ZsY slh.' zkˆh zfdm kf]v jfsY ˆsn snƒ nQhfl dltfm, pf sn htt. Ist k]fv syrfvf idvhdkGk rsq ˆmbdj tfthBG rsq sot. zk}iv dkdb htstb,

):1@�':�7��7%>�&�7>�<ل:�(9ذ7א��F->�&�7>�<ل>�א��1K:�و7Fbوذ<�7؟@$�<�Fd��7�':#�:1K7+<-�7א��7�7�7�Fb7א�X7f�<%>#�7�7=uFA>"�.(� �ªpdl zfïfr W kf]v vnCt ƒbnfI bf jsvb, kfrst zfv sj ƒbnfI jvsh?

zfïfr mCnfsj vrm jv¢b, kf]sj ˆv sysq shwD jó slWqf rsqdYt. dj§Â dkdb ³LpG LfvB jsvdYstb.« (hcJfvD 3150, mcndtm 2494bQ)

zfbfn � hstb, (ˆjlf) zfdm vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv nfsK iK ytdYtfm. sn nmq kf]v …iv smfef sisV ˆjJfdb bfuvfbD yflv dYt. zk}iv isK ˆj shlc„sbv nsÌ slJf rt. sn kf]v yflv Lsv Jch sufsv efb dlt. zfdm bhD �-ˆv jf]sLv ˆj ifsw slJtfm sp, Jch sufsv efbfv jfvsB yflsvv ifsVv lfo isV sosY. icbvfq sn htt, `Wsr mcrf©mfl! skfmfv dbje zfïfrv sp mft zfsY, kf sKsj zfmfsj slWqfv zfslw jv.' dkdb kfv dlsj mcJ dIdvsq rfnstb. zk}iv kfsj (djYc mft) slWqfv dbslGw dlstb. (hcJfvD 3149, mcndtm 2476bQ)

ˆj shlc„b mnduslv dHksv ianafh j'sv dlt. nckvfQ stfsjvf kfsj Lmj dlsq htt, `ˆ jD? ˆ jD!' bhD � htstb, ªWv sinfh zfesj dlsqf bf, Wsj sYsV lfW.«

nckvfQ kfsj sYsV slWqf rt. sn ianafh jsv swN jvt. zk}iv vfnCtcïfr � k]fsj sFsj htstb,

�»��7��>1K�9א��u>X>��7�>f��7�8�9)�9�7XFR�א�Fe77א�א7��'>ل�9وX7f�<%>#��<�7�>��:B@�<�7/�Fe�7�>x�7�7��8vو��8��7x7(9نX7f�8<�<�א��.»و7א��F�8<�وd7<�7א��7<�אR�@�>4ن�9 �

zKGf{, ˆƒ mndulÈstf sjfb iajfv sinfh hf sbfQvf dudbsnv ubA bq. ˆ rt sjht zfïfr zfpXpf zufïfv dpjXv, bfmfp W jcvzfb iVfv ubA. (mcndtm 687bQ)

zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, �7?�9&%�7وF�7->�/:�>�7=:'א��د�7:'�:�وR&9�<fF$7@'א��F�7"7'>�<1<�ذ�7:'"��(:#�<-:<=>�:"��7�8�9,Fb��7#�<%>#��<S7��<وF$��7#�<%>#��

7%&9�?�7�:#.(� �


zKGf{, Wsj sYsV lfW ˆhQ Wv ianafshv …iv ˆj hftdk ifdb sTst lfW. sjbbf skfmfslvsj nru bDdk zhtìb jvfv ubA ifEfsbf rsqsY, jsEfv bDdk zhtìb jvfv ubA ifEfsbf rqdb.« (hcJfvD 220, 6128bQ)

ˆƒHfsh dkdb mcbfdIjslv zfyvsB [mfwDtkf W ndròckfv dhwft bmcbf svsJ sosYb. ydvÛhfb rsk rst, dhswN j'sv ˆjub `äDsbv lf„' rsk rst [mfwDtkf iasqfo jvf zkAfhwAj. dhsvfLDslv slWqf jsó ³LpGwDtkf W [mfwDtkfƒ rt nfIstAv nvt iK. mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw rt,

}�F�7�9و]>l:/�7%&9�>b�FC��7א�>R>b�7!:� ��"<��1K<�و��FyFu7א��F�7��>1KوF$�<�Ku7'7/7ذ7אf:->�و7د7ع>�و7א�>u7�٤٨(}و�(� �ªkcdm zdhw¶fnD W jiefyfvDslv jKf mfbA jsvf bf ; Wslv dbpGfkb …si[f

jv ˆhQ zfïfrv Wiv dbHGv jv. jmGdhLfqjv™si zfïfrƒ psKó.« (‚rXpfh } 48)

ƒ¤Yf jvst dkdb iadkswfL dbsk ifvskb, dj§Â dbstb bf, mfI j'sv dlstb. êfƒ skf mr{ stfsjv jmG.

nckvfQ mr{ W ydvÛhfb rsk sj… zfibfsj ofdt dlst, kf ofdtlfkfsj dIdvsq dlb.

sj… zfibfv ytfv isK j]fef dhdYsq jó dlsk Kfjst kfv zncsJ kfsj nf[f{ j'sv nf§À¶bf dlsk pfb.

sj… zfibfv idvyq bf susb zfibfsj oftfofdt jvst zfidb kfv shfUf hsq dlb.

sj… zfibfv drQnf hf wÛ¢kf jvst kfv ˆjef yfjdv j'sv dlb, ˆjde dHnf ifdEsq dlb, ˆjef hV …irfv ifdEsq dlb.

sj… zfibfv hlbfm j'sv shVfst, nmfstfybf jvst, jc{nf sosq shVfst zfidb kfv dhisl rfk hfdVsq dlb.

[mfwDtkf iasqfo j'sv iadkdÛÁqf slJcb. zfidb rkhfj rshb, stfsjvfW zhfj rsh!

nk¶v ncIt ifshb lcdbqfsk. zfv zfsJvfskv icvõfv skf zfsYƒ. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

7 ?~��M7و7v7x7א�{��mM7~? 7��7.@�<=?#�<%7�Fb��Fy7��7BF�<3F$7و�:�:�<xFAFb��F�7��>1K18�9:�א��)��F��_�>2:&�7�>�>��Kzא�{�� ªms¦lv iadkIt zbcv™i m¦l. zfv sp [mf j'sv slq W zfsifn-db°idÙ

jsv kfv icvõfv zfïfrv dbje zfsY, dbÇyqƒ zfïfr nDmftQObjfvDslvsj iY¦l jsvb bf.« (wCvf } 40)

sjfb lchGt dmnjDsbv iadk zbcoarwDt Kfjfv iv pdl hcUsk ifsvb, sn


zfibfv iadk zwaÝfwDt. sn zfibfv isvfqfW jsv bf, hvQ …s¬e sn zfibfv hf zfibfv sjfb zfibusbv zihfl vybf W vebf j'sv shVfq. kfrst ifvshb kfsj [mf jvsk? bf slWqfv jnm JfWqfv iv jnm sHsÌ ifvshb kfsj kfv lfb zdhvfm dlsq spsk? iadkiftsjv [mf tfsHv ubA ifvshb kfsj [mf jvsk? mrfb iadkiftsjv dbslGw ðbcb,

}�F�7�9�7و/A7&�9$@و>�@'א��< Fy�א�<-@C!>#�>M7�8ن�و7א��F$א�':/<o:&�p>�<��7$@و"<�@R��7א�>u�7�7��p�>bو7א��:.x�7<�9&%�7و7א�9� >�7��>1Kא�א��'@y<�7 �\�و7א��CF��:1K@->�א��F$�7�>y<r7&�:1Kن�/:2<�_'نF�F$�7��و7� 2Fy<�7:'א�و7�'@yF|�\- >+8�{)�٢٢�(��א�!��' �

ªskfmfslv msLA pfvf ‰ÇhpG W iafycspGv zdLjfvD kfvf spb wiK oarB bf jsv sp, kfvf zfk¹Dq-öub W zHfhoa²Àsj ˆhQ zfïfrv vf²Àfq pfvf oxrkAfo jsvsY kfslv djYcƒ slsh bf; kfvf spb Wslvsj [mf jsv ˆhQ Wslv slfN-Û¢de mfuGbf jsv. skfmvf dj iY¦l jsvf bf sp, zfïfr skfmfslvsj [mf j'sv dlb? zfv zfïfr yvm [mfwDt, ivm lqfmq.« (bCv } 22)

r]Af, mrfb iaHcv [mf tfsHv ubA [mf jvsk rsh. mfsYv j]fefv mskf zfibfv otfq stso Kfjf zfibfv h…, pf zfidb dotskW ifsvb bf, sItskW ifsvb bf. iv§Â j]fefv pfkbfq zfidb nhGlf p§ÃBfjfkv Kfsjb, kfsjW [mf jvsk rsh. sp h… zfibfv msbv mskf bq, sp h… zfibfv sbwf W siwfv nrfdqjf bq, sp h… bCr W tCk (zftfƒdrmfn nftfm)ˆv h…slv mskf, sp h… zfibfv wÛ¢, sp zfibfv wÛ¢slv nfsK rfk smtfq, zfidb pfsj Hfstfhfsnb bf, sn kfsj Hfstfhfsn, zfibfv wÛ¢slv jfsY sn zfibfv sofib vrnA iajfw j'sv slq, rqskf msb msb, sofisb sofisb sn zfibfv iafBrfdb jfmbf jsv, ifvshb kfsj [mf jvsk?

zbcv™i n§Àfb, sp zfibfv msbv dhv¢sÝ ytsk yfq, zfibfv sJsq zfibfv mfb-mpGflfv sJqft vfsJ bf, ifvshb kfsj [mf jvsk?

mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw ðbcb, }�7&��7._&F$�7%&>XK9ن7#4�8!:'א�א�)�<%>#�<-@C>xز>و7אF$�<-@u>د�F�<وF$7�7:وא�و��<-@CK��<-:fو:�7X<+�Fbو7(9ن��@y<�7/2:'א�'אFy<�7/7و��\�א��Fb�71K,9ن�8وy<r7/7<�:وא'@yF|�\- >+8�{)�١٤�(��'��%"�r`א��

ªsr dhw¶fdnoB! skfmfslv ²ÃD W n§Àfb-n§Àdkslv msLA sj… sj… skfmfslv wÛ¢, zkˆh kfslv n©isjG skfmvf nkjG sKsjf. zfv skfmvf pdl kfslvsj mfuGbf jv, kfslv slfN-Û¢de …si[f jv ˆhQ kfslvsj [mf jv, kfrst (susb svsJf sp,) dbÇyq zfïfr yvm [mfwDt, ivm lqftc.« (kfofhcb } 14)

ufdb, [mf jvf hV jdEb. dj§Â [mf jvst, mrf[mfwDstv [mf ifshb.


dkdb zbAÛ hstsYb, 7 >��א�/:�>�:وא�(9ن{G�<وF$�:�'@y<�:/�<وF$א�'@y<�7/�%7��7':��89ن,Fb�71ن�7א��Fu�'@y7א�א��&>�Fd{))��١٤٩�א�!��

ªpdl skfmvf n{jfu iajfswA jv zKhf sofisb jv zKhf zivfL [mf jv, kfrst dbÇyq zfïfrW ivm [mfwDt, mrf wdÙÁmfb.« (dbnf } 149)

zivfsLv jfvsB zfibfv wfd²À slWqfv nfmKGA W ³hLkf Kfjst, zfidb kf iasqfo jvsk ifsvb. dj§Â ³LspGv nfsK [mfwDtkfƒ swaô ˆhQ ncydvÛhfb mfbcsNv zfyvB. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

�<=>�d�7�Fb�9<�:'א��Fd�7>:->�و7(9ن>{>"��7#�-:<�>d':��>1>"�%>~F�7�7�73�7>/:->�و':.F��\�< 7G�7%&�>"�8��N�)�١٢٦�(<�>�<3و7א� >.7v<27/�<-9ن>�و�FJ:�<�73�Ke9)�>1��>"�Fe7و7#7�F�7��Fe77{@�و/�p>b�7sk< ��8��١٢٧(}�&7�>C@�:ون#�7?�(��א�!��2' �

ªpdl skfmvf iadkswfL oarB jv, kfrst dEj kkJfdb jvsh pkJfdb zbAfq skfmfslv iadk jvf rsqsY. zfv pdl skfmvf SLpGLfvB jv, kfrst zhwAƒ SLpGwDtslv ubA snefƒ …Ùm. kcdm SLpGLfvB jv; zfv skfmfv SLpG skf rsh zfïfrvƒ nfrfspA. kfslv (zdhw¶fsnv) ubA kcdm lc}J jsvf bf ˆhQ kfslv NVps§Ã kcdm mb}[cB´ rsqf bf.« (bfrXt } 126-127)

zfidb ivD[f j'sv slJsk ifsvb, iadkswfL dbsk ifvst msb hV kxdå zfsY dEjƒ, dj§Â kfv yfƒsk zdLj kxdå zfsY [mf jvfsk.

kfYfVf sp mfbcNsj [mf jvsk ifsv bf, sn ˆjdlb ˆjf rsq pfq. jfvB mfbcN mfÛƒ Hct jsv. pfsj [mf jvshb bf, kfv iadk zfidb zKhf zfibfv iadk sn dhv™i rsq pfsh. zfv kfv Ist zfibfv wfd§Àdbsjkb zwfd§Àv zftsq idvBk rsh. kfrst tfH jD?

mrfbhD �-ˆv n¤ydvÛkf W dhswN j'sv [mfwDtkfv ˆjde mCtAhfb …islw ðbcb, dkdb hstsYb,

>�1<�وF$�8%8�:�7/�Fe��F}�:.<x7+��7א،�وR<27/�Fe7<�7ن��8«�F�9)�m�>�7�<!:#�7;<�F$7و�FJ�7GF$�7-N�FC:/�<نF$7و�>�7 >~��#<�7%א��7>�:وa��7 >%�9و�FJ��8&9)7و7(�9>��7�ل��7�<�FC�א��F�9,�Fb�7;< 7"F$�<9ن,Fb�9א��8�ق�>�<�>��F�9)�FJ7�(9ن�8ذ�F}>�7#<�7%א��7>�:و�<�و7א�>Fb[>�(9ز7א

��7� �{��F��Fb�Fא]9ز7א�Fb�9,7.8�9��#<�7%א�>b�:-�F�<�7&��7�>"�FJ7�8 77��F}7و7�7a�\:�<#و7(9ن�9א�FMF� >�7� �MF<�و7(9ن�8א��Fe�71K&:2<�_�א�>��>1< F�7��F}>�77��و7"7�ل:�ذ�8�9,Fb�>1 >b�:-F�<�7/��7�>"�:�<�? 7�:/«.

ªkcdm Jhvlfv jf…sj ofdt dlsqf bf. sp sjfbW Hfstf jfusj kc¤YÎfb jsvf bf. skfmfv Hfƒsqv nfsK JcwDHvf syrfvf dbsq jKf ht, ˆdeW ˆjde Hfstf jfu. skfmfv tcdÌ ifsqv vtfv zLGfQsw …dEsq iv. kf pdl zöDjfv jv, kfrst o]fe ipG§À bfdmsq iv. zfv nfhLfb! tcdÌ o]fsev dbsy Ucdtsq isvf bf. jfvB kf


zrQjfsvv zftfmk. iv§Â zfïfr zhwAƒ zrQjfv iY¦l jsvb bf. pdl sjfb stfj skfmfsj ofdt slq ˆhQ ˆmb slfN Lsv skfmfsj tÏf slq, pf skfmfv msLA zfsY hst sn ufsb, kfrst kcdm kfsj ˆmb slfN Lsv tÏf dlsqf bf, pf kfv msLA zfsY hst kcdm ufb. kfv shfUf snƒ hrb jv¢j.« (zfhC lf†l 4086, nrDùt ufsm' 7309bQ)�

idvswsN hdt, [mfwDtkf spJfsb [DB lchGtkf hst idvodBk rq, snJfsb dbôcv rWqf hfÒbDq.

wfqJ nf'lD hstsYb, `[mf jvf mr{ ÈB. dj§Â�[mfwDtkfsj sjfb drQna ið hf mfbcsNv ubA iasqfo jvst ufbsk rsh dhil zdbhfpG.'

tÏfwDtkf

tÏfwDtkfv iajxkk¶ rt ˆmb n¤ydvÛkf, pf sbfQvf huGb jvsk mfbcNsj …äcÝ jsv ˆhQ zdLjfvDv zdLjfv zflfsq Û¢de ialwGb jvsk dhvk vfsJ.

sj… tÏfwDt ydvÛhfb rst kfv äfvf sjfb ifi, zivfL, Lxókf zKhf sbfQvfdm Oesk ifsv bf. spsrkc tÏfwDtkfv …{n rt „mfb. mrfbhD � hstsYb,�


ª„mfb nÙv hf Nfsev zdLj wfJfdhdwó; pfv …Ùm (W iaLfb) wfJf `tf ƒtf-rf ƒïfïfr' (zfïfr YfVf sjfb nkA …ifnA sbƒ) htf ˆhQ nhsysq [cla wfJf iK rsk jólfqj h²Â zinfvB jvf. zfv tÏfwDtkf „mfsbv zbAkm wfJf.« (mcndtm 162bQ)

ƒhsb …mfv � hstb, vfnCtcïfr � ˆj zfbnfv hAdÙÁv ifw dlsq zdkÛÁm jvstb, dpdb kfv Hfƒsj tÏfv hAfifsv …islw dld¤Ystb.gvfnCtcïfr � k]fsj htstb,

�)).دFb�،�:1<�7,ن�8א72� 7��#�7<�7%א]7Z�ن�9((� �ªWsj sYsV lfW. sjbbf, tÏf „mfsbv z§ÀHGcÙÁ.« (hcJfvD 24, 6118,

mcndtm 163bQ) tÏfwDtkf W „mfb ˆj nCsÛ o]fKf. ˆjde yst sost zbAdeW yst pfq.

dbtGsÏv „mfb idviCBG bq. shrfqf bfvD-icv¢N iCBGfÌ „mfsbv zdLjfvD bq. mrfbhD � hstsYb,


7��7(ن8((F�ن�7א�Z9[�9��وא�@d�� 7xذא�,b�7]>b:��:f:�+$�7]>b:��:�7Gא�.((� �ªzhwAƒ tÏfwDtkf W „mfb ˆjƒ nCsÛ o]fKf. …Hsqv ˆjde yst sost

zivdeW yst pfq.« (rfsjm 58, dmwjfk 5094, nrDùt ufsm 1603bQ) nHAkf, w½Dtkf W Hûkf „mfsbv zÌ dhswN. Hû mfbcN ufâfsk

iashwfdLjfv ifsh. i[f§Àsv znHA W zHû mfbcsNv dEjfbf rsh ufrfâfm. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

)):��7 �)).א�!8��p>b�9و7אFy7S��:�אFy7S��<�#<%>�و7א7X7��א�:�א�p>b�>M8!7S�و7א�,7Z9�ن:�א�,7Z9�ن#�9<%>�א72� �ªtÏfwDtkf „mfsbv z§ÀHGcÙÁ ˆhQ „mfb rsh ufâfsk. zfv zw½Dtkf

v™Pkfv z§ÀHGcÙÁ ˆhQ v™Pkf rsh ufrfâfsm.« (zfrmfl 10512, dkvdmpD 2009, ƒhsb drêfb, rfsjm 1/52, nrDùt ufsm' 3199bQ)

ˆmb zsbj jKf zfsY, pf zfjfsv-ƒdÌsk htsk rq, ±ió htsk tÏfshfL rq. zsbj nmq dbsuv zdLjfv yfƒskW tÏf tfso. ˆmb tÏfwDtkfW „mfsbv wfJf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

)):��7 �)).א�!?Fy�قa�<%>#�9:�>�77�ن�9و7א7�� 7�ن:�و7א7X7��א�:�א�,7Z9�نa�<%>#�9:�>�77�ن�9و7א��<p_�א72� �ªtÏfwDtkf W mcJsyfvfdm „mfsbv lc'de wfJf. zfv mcJ dJd²À jvf W

hfjXiec rWqf mcbfdIjDv lc'de wfJf.« (zfrmfl 22312, dkvdmpD 2027bQ)��7،�א72� 7��7،�(9ن8((�Fy7��8،�و7אp>��و7א��_p�>��97�ن��Nא��e��8p�>��،>��FR�7��7،��א��א]�7Z9�ن9،��#<�%��7و7א7��7��א��_�> 7�،�#<%�7وR<!:&7<�>�7%א�9v7&�9p>b�،>�7�>Gد>ن�7و7(8�9.:8%F�79د>ن�7وv7&�p>b�،>�7�>G�7:�א�=uF$��8�>#�7%<�>R<!:&�p>b�،�7 �7��א�G<��7<،�#<%�7وR<!:&7<�>�7%א��_�> 9v7&�p>b�،�7د>ن�7و7(8�9.:�8%א�!?Fy�ق9،�#<%�7و7א7X7��א��7א��_Fb�،8B,9ن�8א��_�>F�7و�7%<�>R<!:&�p>b�>�7�>G�7:�א�=uF$��8��)).א��_�> 9v7&�p>b��7د>ن#�7< �

ªdbÇyq tÏfwDtkf, spZb-idhÛkf, mcJsyfvfdm (r™lsqv z[mkf bq) W zfmt hf äDbD Îfb „mfsbv z§ÀHGcÙÁ. ˆÈdt ivjfstv nìt hxdÝ jvsh ˆhQ ƒrjfstv nìt rafn jvsh. zfv ivjfstv pf hxdÝ ifq, kf ƒrjfstv pf rafn jsv kf zsi[f zdLj. i[f§Àsv jfiGBA, zw½Dtkf W sbfQvf HfNf mcbfdIjDv z§ÀHGcÙÁ. ˆÈdt ivjfstv nìt rafn jsv ˆhQ ƒrjfstv nìt hxdÝ jsv. zfv ivjfstv pf rafn ifq, kf ƒrjfstv pf hxdÝ jsv kf zsi[f zdLj.« (k¶fhfvfbD 15407, dntdntfr nrDrfr 3381bQ)�

mc'dmb dbtGÏ, shrfqf W zw½Dt iajxdkv rsk ifsv bf. spsrkc sp ÈB mcbfdIsjv, kf sjfb mc'dmsbv rsk ifsv bf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))7T< F��%#o:��)).�אX7��<��وF�7��אFy��+<��وF�7��א��ن�و�l��"��F�7�ن�א� �


ªmcdmb sJ]feflfbjfvD, zdHwfijfvD, zw½Dt ˆhQ znHA rq bf.« (zfrmfl 3839, rfsjm 29, k¶fhfvfbD 10332, ƒhsb drêfb 192, nrDùt ufsm 5257)

zhwAƒ mrfb iadkiftj mcbfdIjsj Hfstfhfsnb bf. ˆmb jf…sj Hfstfhfsnb bf, sp kfv ydvÛ W ytsb dbtGÏ W Lxó, sp kfv htsb zw½DtHfND. vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb,

�.�»אi>X7��7א�7r<�7&�7�>+�Fy�:�א��71K(9ن8«� �ªdbÇyq zfïfr kfzftf zmfduGk zw½DtHfNDsj OxBf jsvb.« (hfƒrfjD

21319, n} ufsm' 1873bQ) mfbcNW dj znHA lcÇydvÛsj Hfstfhfsn? j[sbf bf. nHA mfbcsNvf

znHAsj iY¦l jvskƒ ifsv bf. sp icv¢N smsq slsJ rAfQtf jcjcsvv mskf HAftHAft j'sv kfv dlsj kfdjsq Kfsj, ydvÛhkD smsqvf snƒ njt icv¢Nsjƒ shwD OxBf jsv. zHhA sjfb mfbcNsj kfv mudtsn hnfsk yfq bf, kfv smrmfb hfbfsk yfq bf, kfsj hác hfbfsk yfq bf, kfsj ufmfƒ hf h… jvsk yfq bf, zfib öfmD hf ²ÃDv™si oarB jvsk yfq bf. nc²¿ iajxdkv HhA bfvD-icv¢N mfÛƒ zHhA bfvD-icv¢Nsj ˆdVsq ytsk yfq, huGb jvsk yfq. ˆmb lcÇydvÛ bfvD-icv¢N mfbcsNv jfsY OxBA, mrfb iadkiftsjv jfsYW OxBA. hvQ djqfmsk k]fv dbje kfvfƒ nhsysq shdw dbjxó. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

M7#�7<�&7'>م�7א��MF�9v<!7#�7�<!>��>1Kא�!8�س�8�7a�9(9ن8«�>R�و>�و7د17�7:�%7#>�אF$�:1Fu7�7/�:�7א�!8�س��FR?/2>�<1<�א@b«�.� �ªdjqfmskv dlb zfïfrv dbje nhGfsi[f dbjxómfsbv hAdÙÁ snƒ rsh, pfsj

mfbcN kfv zw½Dtkf sKsj h]fyfv ubA huGb j'sv Kfsj.« (hcJfvD 6054, mcndtm 6761bQ)

slr ialwGb bf jvf ˆj iajfv tÏfwDtkf. dhswN j'sv sp slrfQw sofib vfJf Wqfsuh, kf iajfw jvf dbtGÏkf W shrfqfdm. kfƒ mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�7&:2<�_��<?¦\�+7 <��¹و�8v7��8�7x7א��71K(9ن8«��7� � u:�7+F$�<�>7<�7@->�א|Fb�7�7�7,9ذ7א�و7א��8>��7א72�Fb«�.� �ªdbÇyq zfïfr zfpXpf zufïX tÏfwDt, sofibjfvD. dkdb tÏfwDtkf W

sofibDqkfsj iY¦l jsvb. nckvfQ pJb skfmfslv sj… sofnt jvsh, kJb sn spb sofibDqkf zhtìb jsv (ilGfv nfsK jsv).« (zfhC lf†l, bfnf„ 406, dmwjfk 447bQ)

ˆ skf sofnt jvf zKhf iafjxdkj jmG nfvfv nmqjfv jKf. kfrst jKf§Àsv slr zbA nmq iajfw jvf, slrsj ncndÏk j'sv ubnms[ siw jvf, ubnHfq ialwGb jvf, v™iftD ilGfq siw jvf, bfbf zÌHdÌv nfsK siw jvf,


v™ihAhnf jvf ƒkAfdl sjfb swaBDv dbtGÏkf, kf zbcsmq. tÏfwDtkf bfvDv HCNB. ztËfv spmb bfvDsj zfsvf nc¦lvD j'sv skfst,

skmdb tÏfwDtkfW nc¦lvDsj zfsvf shdw nc¦lvD j'sv skfst. icv¢sNv snZ¦lpG zfsvf hfdVsq skfst tÏfwDtkfv n¤ydvÛkf. i[f§Àsv dbtGÏkf W zw½Dtkf nc¦lv-nc¦lvDv snZ¦lpGsj m½fb j'sv slq ˆhQ znc¦lsvv jlpGkf zfsvf hxdÝ jsv. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))�7#��Fu72>�:�ن@y�א�p>b��<p7a�£�Fd��K�9)�:17��7a��F�7ن�7و�Fu�:��7 �)).ز7א�<p7a�£�Fd��K�9)�:17��p>bא72� �ªzw½Dtkf hf dbtGÏkf sp dhNsq Kfsj, sn dhNqsj kf snZ¦lpGrDb jsv sIst;

i[f§Àsv tÏfwDtkf sp dhNsq Kfsj, sn dhNqsj kf snZ¦lpGmq W msbfrv jsv skfst.« (dkvdmpD 1974, ƒhsb mfufr 4185bQ)

rj jKf htsk tÏf jvf …dyk bq, äDsbv mntf ufbsk jfsvf tÏf Kfjf …dyk bq. bsy{ tÏfwDtkf mÌtƒ-mÌt. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��< 7�>"�Ke9)�p>/A7&�Fe�:��7 7 >�\�u@�1£:�)).�((�א72�G�:��7 F�Fא�))�.((�\�< 7G�:1£�@u�:��7 �))�.א72� �ªtÏf mÌtƒ hsq zfsb.« hf ªtÏfv nhefƒ mÌt.« (hcJfvD 6117,

mcndtm 165bQ) ƒntfsmv dhLfb rt ncydvÛkf. mcndtm mfsbƒ rt ydvÛhfb-ydvÛhkD.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, �)).א72� 7��:�א]�9>�م�9وR@�:G�،�:k@�:G7��د<&%��<C@�?�(9ن8(( �

ªiaskAj LsmG n¤ydvÛkf zfsY, ƒntfsmv n¤ydvÛkf rt tÏfwDtkf.« (ƒhsb mfufr 4181-4182, nrDùt ufsm 2149bQ)

smfejKf, tÏfwDt mfbcN zivsj waÝf jsv. sp tÏfwDt rq, sn lfbwDt rq. tÏfwDt mfbcN dTse rq bf, iaotXH W yit rq bf. zw½Dt hf tÏfjv jKfsj ±ió HfNfq hAÙÁ jsv bf.

tÏfwDt mfbcN dhbqD rq, zrQjfvD rq bf. sHVf hf smVf rq bf, „NGfhfb W zfk¹mpGflfshfLn©iâ rq.

tÏfrDb mfbcN v™P W jjGwHfND rq. tÏfrDb mfbcN dbu jkGhA iftsb ³wdKtA jsv. dbu lfdqsk¶v jfu

ndEjHfsh iftb jsv bf. dbu jsmG W zfyvsB shisvfqf rq. iajfswA ififyvB jvf; mfbcsNv nfmsb Lcmifb jvf, sufv wsè svdFW hf

dedHv siafofm swfbf W slJf, sbfQvf dI¬mX slJf, jKfq jKfq kjG jvf, zw½Dt jKf htf, mf-hfsiv zhfLA rWqf, mf-hfi, Èv¢ub hf öfmDv mcsJv …iv mcJ slWqf, zkA§À mcJv rWqf, ifVf-iadkshwDv nfsK zwftDb zfyvB jvf,


zw½Dt hfsjA …irfn jvf hf stfjsj rfnfsbf, …¤yrfdn rfnf, nhGlf drdr jvf, shofbf bfvD-icv¢sNv zfsifsn vdnjkf W rfnfrfdn jvf. nfLfvsBA mt-mCÛ kAfo jvf, zfk¹iawQnf W ohG jvf, stfj nmfsu ³r-ùsïfV jvf, slWqfst zw½Dt jKf stJf, zw½Dt Ydh z]fjf.�

nfLfvBk} sp zÌ sTsj vfJf uv¢vD kf Jcst vfJf, mdrtfslv shilGf rWqf, ifktf hf efƒe-dIeX zKhf sJftfsmtf sifwfj ivf, sufv otfq jKf htf, bfvD-icv¢sNv ˆsj zsbAv idv¤Yl hf shw LfvB jvf, icv¢sNv o]fsev dbsy Ucdtsq ˆhQ mdrtfv o]fsev …iv (hvQ r]fecv …iv) kcst jfiV ivf, pchj-pchkDv ˆsj zsbAv iadk HAftHAft jsv kfdjsq slJf. ƒHdeduQ jvf, LNGB jvf. nmjfdmkf jvf, shwAfomb jvf.

zShL siam jvf ˆhQ kf iajfw j'sv dhsqv zfso siadmj-siadmjfv zhfL smtfdmwf jvf hf ˆj nfsK hnhfn jvf, hAdHyfv jvf, siam j'sv Ov sYsV shv rsq pfWqf. pJb ˆmb dbtGÏ siam-ifot-ifodtbDsj kfslv zfk¹Dqvf hst, `mfb-tÏf-Hq, dkb Kfjsk bq.' kJb kfvf hst, `diqfv djqf skf Fvbf djqf?' pJb kfslvsj `jcstv jctfÌfv' htf rq, kJb kfvf hst,

`jct HfsÌ skf sHsÌ pfj, srfj jtË pdl rq, jct HfsÌ bf sp blDv, sn blD skf blD bq.'� �

mfbcsNv pJb tÏf Kfsj bf, kJb kfv nQpsmv h]fLb dwdKt rsq pfq. kJb sn lcÇydvÛ rq. kJb sn pfs¤Y kfƒ jvsk ifsv. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�8��(9ن8((>#�FJ7��)).F��9p<27<�7/�<]7!<3�Fb��7#�7;<~>a->�(9ذ7א�א�!_�:'F�Fu�>�8�م#�9<%>�א�!8�س:�$Fد> �ªiaKm bhczskv hfBDnmCsrv pf stfsjvf sisqsY kfv msLA ˆjde hfBD ˆƒ

sp, skfmfv tÏf bf Kfjst pf mb kfƒ jv.« (zfrmfl 17090, hcJfvD 3484, zfhC lf†l 4799, ƒhsb mfufr 4183, nrDùt ufsm 2230bQ)


lqfûGkf

ydvÛhfb mfbcN lqfhfb rq. lqfhfb rq nxdóv iadk. zHfh-zbesb, dhisl-jsó sn lqf ialwGb jsv. jfvB snW kfv mrfb iadkiftsjv lqfv mcJfsi[D. zfv nxdóv iadk lqf jvst, kshƒ naófv lqf tfH rq.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, �))7&�Fe�<%7#��7>+7�>1:�א&�Fe�7�9-7א�!8�س+<�.((� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ mfbcsNv iadk lqf jvsh bf, zfïfrW kfv iadk lqf jvshb bf.« (hcJfvD 6013, 7376, mcndtm 6170-6172bQ)

%7:�&�7>+7�:.:-:�א��8א+<�:'ن7«��7�:'א�א��8+>+<��>ضfF$�9>��7אFא��<-@C<�7+<�7&�<%7#��>b�>��7��.�»א��8 �ªlqflaG mfbcNslvsj ivm lqfmq (zfïfr) lqf jsvb. skfmvf uoäfnDv

iadk lqf ialwGb jv, kfrst dkdb skfmfslv iadk lqf jvshb, dpdb zfjfsw zfsYb.« (zfhC lf†l 4943, dkvdmpD 1924bQ)

))�<-7+<�:&�Fe�<-7+<�7&�e�<%7#.((!� �ªsp lqf jsv bf, kfv iadk lqf jvf rq bf.« (hcJfvD 5997, mcndtm 6170bQ)

))�7��7��)).و7(�8�7��&�7>+7-:�א�@�#<%>��<�7�د<�<�א��_+7 �ªzfïfr kf]v hf¦lfslv msLA lqftcslv iadkƒ lqf jsvb.« (hcJfvD 1284,

mcndtm 2174bQ) dhswN j'sv mcndtm nmfu, ˆ nmfsuv mfbcN ˆjde slsrv mskf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��7�!>#<o@7#=�7:�א��\'< �:��:1�<!>#��FC7�<a�7<�(9ذ7א�א��F7#=��7:�א��،�<-.>y@h�7�7/7و�<-.>�/7'7אد?f<->�و/7�7א+:9�7.8��>"�>�7�F7��:1��<�:�א�F��77�7/�8א��)).�وא�@ �

ªmc'dmbslv zfsifsnv msLA ˆsj zisvv iadk n©iaDdk, lqf W mfqf-mmkfv …lfrvB (ˆjde) slsrv mskf. pJb slsrv sjfb zÌ iDdVk rq, kJb kfv ubA nfvf slr zdblaf W u¶sv zfÛÁf§À rq.« (hcJfvD 6011, mcndtm 6751bQ)

htf hfùtA, ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢N nmfsuv mfbcsNv iadk zdk nrsu lqf ialwGb j'sv Kfsj. kfslv ydvÛ nxdóv iadk jv¢BfdnÙÁ Kfsj. spsrkc lqf ialwGb j'sv zfb¦l W kxdå ifWqf pfq. lqf dhkvB j'sv lqf tfH jvf pfq. lqfhfsbvf nkAƒ snZHfoAhfb.

i[f§Àsv pfvf dblGq W dbôcv, pfslv msb zisvv jó slsJ lqf-mfqf rq bf,


pfslv r™lsq jv¢Bfv nÑfv rq bf, kfvf db}ns¦lsr rkHfoA. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�»Fe�:7عv<!:/�@M7��.�»�Ke9)�<%>#��>R7aא��8+> �ªlcHGfof YfVf zbA jfsvf (r™lq) sKsj lqf, dYdbsq sbWqf rq bf.«

(zfrmfl, 2/301, zfhC lf…l 4942, dkvdmpD 1923, ƒhsb drêfb, nrDùt ufsm' 7467bQ)

ivm jv¢Bfmq mrfb zfïfr dbu lqftc bhD �-sj hstsYb, }�7�>!>#<o:��>��F}7+�7!7x�<�>y<Gو7א�{�]��S�٨٨:�א[��

zKGf{, mc'dmbslv ubA kcdm skfmfv hfùsj zhbdmk vfJ. (druXv 88zfqfk) dkdb dYstb lqft bhD, vrmskv bhD. nxdóv iadk k]fv r™lq dYt lqfûG.

lchGtslv iadk k]fv z§Àv dYt lqfmq. dkdb dYstb r™lqhfb mrfb hAdÙÁ. zfv lchGtslv nfsK hAhrfsvƒ mr{ hAdÙÁv mrÙ¶ iajfw sisk Kfsj. ydvÛhfsbvfW snƒ hAdÙÁsk¶v zbcnvB jvfv zfiafB syóf j'sv Kfsj.

ydvÛhfsbvf ˆ sJqftW vfsJ sp, lqf sjht lqfv ifÛsjƒ jvf pfsh. bsy{ zifsÛ lqflfb dhidÙv jfvB rsk ifsv.

`lchGxÙslv iadk lqf ialwGb jvst�Hfstf stfsjslv iadk zkAfyfv jvf rq�ˆhQ zkAfyfvDslvsj [mf jvfv mfsbƒ rt, nfLc stfjslv iadk zkAfyfv jvf.' `hfsOv iadk lqf-ialwGsbv mfsbƒ rt, Yfsov iadk zkAfyfv jvf.' (swJ nf'lD) �

bmakf Hû W ydvÛhfb mfbcN dhbma rq. kfv jKfq W jfsu bmakf Kfsj. spsrkc

bmakf mfbcNsj zfjNGB jsv ˆhQ jsEfvkf nxdó jsv dhjNGB. mrfb zfïfr k]fv siadvk bhD �-sj dhbma hfbfsbfv jfvB …sïJ j'sv hstsYb,

}�7�>�Fb��M7�<+7� ¤u��zFb�F@!;�7وF��<'F�7.:->��<!;�7א��7%?#�>1>�F|��>��FR�א��א'_ �Fy�Fe��<%�>#��F}�>�<'7+��:�<��Fb�<-:.<!7��<�>y<r7<و7א��<-�:.F��<-:f<��&:2<��_��א��71(9ن�8א��Fb��7;�<#7v7��<��Ku7'7Fb��F�7��>1,9ذ7א��א��p�>b��9��<#Fو�7a7�و9

7�>�Nu7'7:��אن�4ل��'��)��١٥٩(}א�� ªzfïfrv lqfq kcdm kfslv iadk rsqdYst sjfmt-r™lq; pdl kcdm v™P W

jsEfv-dyÙ rsk, kfrst kfvf skfmfv zfwifw rsk nsv iVk. nckvfQ kcdm kfslvsj [mf jv ˆhQ kfslv ubA [mf iafKGbf jv. zfv jfsu-jsmG kfslv nfsK ivfmwG jv. zk}iv kcdm sjfb nQj¬i oarB jvst zfïfrv iadk


dbHGv jv. dbÇyq zfïfr (k]fv …iv) dbHGvwDtslv Hfthfsnb.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 159)

sJfl mrfb zfïfr bmakfsj iY¦l jsvb. iaskAj dhNsq bmakf iasqfo jvfsj Hfstfhfsnb. zfv bmakfv mfsUƒ mfbcN lfb jsvb nItkf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

k\�א��71K(9ن8((>b7��_�>2:&�7kb?א��p>b�9�<#FA�1<�אN�@u�))�.((��p�>l<�:&7�7،�وk�b?2<��_�א��:&�\k� >b7��F�(ن�8א�)).��F�7א��?��F�7��p>l<�:&�Fe��7#�،�9kbא��:!>�<�،�و7#��F�7��p>l<�:&�Fe��7#7��<'7א�:� �

ªdbÇyq zfïfr jxifmq. dkdb njt dhNsq bmakf W jxif iY¦l jsvb.« (hcJfvD 6927bQ)

ªdbÇyq zfïfr jxifmq. dkdb bmakf iY¦l jsvb. zfv bmakfv …iv pf ialfb jsvb kf jsEfvkfv …iv hvQ ˆ hAkDk zbA djYcv …iv ialfb jsvb bf.« (mcndtm 6766bQ)

dbÇyqƒ bmakf bfvD-icv¢N …Hsqv ubA ˆj iajfv ztQjfv. hvQ sp dudbsn bmakf iasqfo jvf rq, snƒ dudbsnv zfHvB. kfƒ sp …Ýk, kfv syrfvf nc¦lv rstW sn jc{dn{ W rkwaD. zfv sp dhbma, sn nc¦lv. pfsk bmakf iasqfo jvf rsqsY, kf zdk msbfrv. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�.�»<�7a�Ke9)�:17��7a��7v<!:&�<%>#ع:�و�Fe7ز7א�<�7a�Ke9)�:17��C7&��>b@'ن:��Feא��?�7kb(9ن8«� �ªbmakf sp dhNsq Kfsj sn dhNqsj kf snZ¦lpGmdàk (msbfrv) jsv skfst.

zfv sp dhNq sKsj kf kcst sbWqf rq, sn dhNqsj snZ¦lpGrDb (m½fb) jsv sIst.« (mcndtm 6767, zfhC lf†l 4808bQ)

sp mfbcN bmakf sKsj hdÑk, sn ydvÛhfb rsk ifsv bf. jfvB bmakfq vsqsY nmCr mÌt. zfv mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�.�»א7�� >��7&:2>�7م�9א��?�7kb&:2>�7مF$�<%7#�9و>�א7�� >��7+:�9م�7א��?�7kb+:�9م%7#�7>«� �ªsp bmakf sKsj hdÑk, sn njt mÌt sKsj hdÑk.« (mcndtm 6765, zfhC

lf†l 4809bQ) dhbma ydvÛhfb W ydvÛhkDsj mrfb zfïfr Hfstfhfsnb. kfƒ lcdbqfsk

kfslvsj nfItA W mÌt lfb jsvb. zfv zfsJvfsk lfb jsvb mrf nfItA, ufrfâfm sKsj mcdÙÁ. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))FeF$�<-@u:�>�<G@$�<%7� >�1<��2>��:م:�/�7"<�F$�<%7و>�،�א�!8��F�7��9&27>�:م:�"<F�7��:��،��F�7��?��@u��&9�Fd؟�א�!�8�%? 7f�،�<.7�((.� �

ªzfdm dj skfmfslvsj ˆmb stfsjv jKf hst slh bf, sp ufrfâfsmv ubA


zKhf ufrfâfm pfv ubA rfvfm rsh? iaskAj ubdiaq, nvt, dhbma W zjcdet stfsjv ubA ufrfâfm rfvfm.« (dkvdmpD 2488, nrDùt ufsm' 2609bQ)

sjfb il hf sbkxsk¶ Kfjst ydvÛhfb mfbcN bmakf hAhrfv jsv. ˆsk kfv n©mfb hfsV, ubdiaqkf hfsV ˆhQ sbkxk¶fLDb hAdÙÁhsoGv dbje kfv yfdrlf hfsV. zfv kfv hAfifsv mrfbhD �-ˆv lczf tfso, Ist mrfb zfïfr kfv iadk nlq rb. mrfbhD � lczf j'sv hstsYb,

�))��8-:.K��9א��<#F$�<%�>#�7p�>�71<�،�و7#�7%>�و�< F�7��<k@R<a�Fb�،�<-9.< F�7��8k7�Fb��~< 7a�p>8#@$�9�<#$�<%>#�7p>�77%>�و#�>1>"�<k@b��Fb�،�<-9.>"�7kFb7�Fb��~< 7a�p>8#@$.((� �

ªsr zfïfr! sp sj… zfmfv …©mskv sjfb jfsuv djYc lfdqk¶ dbsq kfslvsj jsó sItsh, kcdm kfsj jsó sIstf. zfv sp sj… zfmfv …©mskv sjfb jfsuv djYc lfdqk¶ dbsq kfslv nfsK bmakf jvsh, kcdm kfv nfsK bmakf jsvf.« (mcndtm 4826bQ)

i[f§Àsv pfv mfsU bmakf sbƒ, sn sbkxsk¶v spfoA bq. jsEfv hAdÙÁ sbkf rsk ifsv bf. rstW kfv sbkxk¶ de]jsk ifsv bf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�M7@�א��?��7��8�7a�>(9ن8«�Fl:2�א.((� �ªdbjxó vfJft rt snƒ, sp vfJfdtsk hV jsEfv.« (mcndtm 4836bQ) lfWqfskv jfsuW bmakf lvjfv. ovm rsq lfWqfk dlst kf iakAfJAfk

rq. bvm jKfv mfLAsm lfWqfk dlst oarBspfoAkfv zfwf Kfsj. mrfb zfïfr mCnf W rfv™b (zftfƒdrmfn nftfm)sj hstdYstb,

}�7�7f<אذ��F�9)�77'>ن�<�>b�:18�9)��7rFh)�٤٣�(�F�'@RFb�:1F��<'Fd��!? K��:1K�7�K��:�Ku7X77&�<وF$��7�<�7&{)�٤٤(� �ªskfmvf lc'ub dIvf…sbv dbje pfW, sn skf nDmftQOb jsvsY. skfmvf

kfv nfsK bma jKf htsh, rqskf sn …islw oarB jvsh, zKhf Hq jvsh.« (k¶f-rf } 43-44)

zfidb ˆjub oBAmfbA zfstm hstƒ zfidb …islsw pfv-kfv ubA jsEfv HfNf iasqfo jvsk ifsvb bf. zfibfv iaHfh KfjstW bvm HfNf W zfyvB ialwGb jvf …Ùm.

hflwf mfmCsbv dbje ˆj WqfpjfvD jsEfv HfNfq k]fsj Wqfp-bnDrk jvsk wcv¢ jvst dkdb kfv …sÜswA htstb, `sr zmcj! bmaHfsh jKf htcb. zfïfr kfzftf zfibfv sysq swaô hAdÙÁ (mCnf W rfv™b)sj zfmfv sysq dbjxó mfbcN (dIvzf†b)ˆv dbje ifdEsq k]fslvsj bmaHfsh jKf htsk zfslw dlsqdYstb.'

ufsrt W mCJG mfbcsNv nfsKW bma zfyvB ydvÛhfb lf„v jkGhA. ˆv bmcbf


vsqsY bhhD lfWqfsk. zfhC ùvfƒvf � hstb, ˆj shlc„b mnduslv dHksv ianafh j'sv dlt.

nckvfQ stfsjvf kfsj Lmj slWqfv ubA …sE lf]Vft. bhD � htstb, �))��-�F�7�7?�9&%�7و :#�<-:<=>�:"��7�8�,Fb�،��7#�<%>#��"':�7و>�ذF$�،��7#�<%>#��<S7��>1>�<'7"��F�7א��'@R&9�د�7:'�:�و$7�)).=:'א�#:��7?�9&�7%/:�>�7 �

ªWsj sYsV lfW ˆhQ ianafshv …iv ˆj hftdk ifdb sTst lfW. sjbbf skfmfslvsj nru bDdk zhtìb jvfv ubA ifEfsbf rsqsY, jsEfv bDdk zhtìb jvfv ubA ifEfsbf rqdb.« (hcJfvD 220, 6128bQ)

lfWqfskv s[sÛ dhswN dbslGw dlsq dkdb hstsYb, �))Fe7وא�&�7?�:وא�و:�Ny7!:/�Fe7�7?�:وא�،�و7"�7?�:وא�و�:/�.((� �

ªskfmvf nru jv, jdEb jsvf bf ˆhQ (stfsjslvsj) nccnQhfl lfW. kfslv msLA OxBf nxdó jsvf bf.« (hcJfvD 69, mcndtm 4626bQ)

nQnfsvW bvm rsk rq. snJfsb ˆmb djYc Ose, pf slsJW bf slJfv Hfb jvsk rq, ðsbW bf swfbfv zdHbq jvsk rq. bsy{ nQnfv ytsk ifsv bf. efsb W sEtfq ytf nQnfv-iK Hct rsq pfq. jsEfv rsk dosq rfkcdVv zfOfk isV j]fsyv …iv. idvBfsm lf©iskAv Ecbsjf dwwmrt sHsM ycvmfv rsq pfq.

ksh nQnfsv dhbma rWqfv mfsb `lfƒqcn' rWqf bq. `mfdev mfbcN' rWqf Hfstf, dj§Â iasqfusb jsEfv rWqfW n¤ydvÛhfb öfmDv zfyvB. bvm mfbcN rsq pdl idvhfsvv sbfQvfdmsk hfLf bf slq, kfrst kfv ubA ufâfsk E]fƒ sbƒ. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))mM7��F�7��<�Fd�71:�+8�7مKא��FJ7��7�7/��F��7�7/79->�و.< F�7��FM8!7S�#�9:�>#<%:�א�<��&:R<�_�א�XK<��و7א��8&_'§:�و7א7��ق_�א7��p>b�>1>�<fF$�7 <�:��א.((� �

ªdkb swaBDv stfsjv ubA zfïfr kfhfvfjf zkfzftf ufâfk rfvfm jsv dlsqsYb. zhAfrkHfsh ml ifbjfvD, dikf-mfkfv zhfLA n§Àfb ˆhQ ˆmb shrfqf, sp kfv idvhfsvv zw½Dtkfsj smsb sbq.« (zfrmfl 5372, 6113bQ)

klbcv™i bma rWqf mfsb lchGt rWqf bq, bq tfÒbfsj hvB jvf. dhbqD rWqf mfsb skfNfml jvfW bq. zfv zfïfrƒ ndEj isKv dlwfvD.

zfibfv ifw¶Gsj bvm jv¢b zfibfv ifsw làfqmfb hAdÙÁv ubA, zfibfv ifsw …idhó hAdÙÁv ubA. ksh shofbf mdrtf rst ifw¶Gsj lCsv vfJcb. kshƒ zfidb nc¦lv ydvÛhfb mcndtm.


hlfbAkf

spmb jfiGBA ˆjde m¦l ÈB, skmdb hlfbAkf ˆjde mr{ ÈB. pf nfLfvBk} zKG hAq jvfv mfLAsm rsq Kfsj. kf YfVfW 10de dudbn hAq W lfb jvfv mfLAsm hlfbAkf rsq Kfsj.

1. ndEj isK ufb jcvhfbD j'sv hlfbAkf. zfv ˆ rt nhfv yfƒsk hV hlfbAkf.

2. sbkxk¶ äfvf hlfbAkf. sbkxsk¶v iakfi W iaHfh äfvf mfbcsNv …ijfv jvf.

3. dbu ilfdLjfv äfvf hlfbAkf. ilmpGflfv mfLAsm ncifdvw zfdl j'sv mfbcsNv …ijfv jvf.

4. dbsuv zfvfm jcvhfbD j'sv hlfbAkf. dbsuv zfvfmsj rfvfm j'sv isvfijfv jvf.

5. dbu ƒtXm W dw[f äfvf hlfbAkf. zfv ˆ lfb zKGlfb jvf zsi[f zsbj …¤y.

6. jfdqj wam äfvf isvfijfv j'sv hlfbAkf. 7. dbu mfb-n©ëm äfvf hlfbAkf. sj… ofdt dlst zKhf oDhk hf ycotD

jvst kfsj mfI j'sv slWqf. 8. isvv jólfsb ³LpG LfvB jvf, isvv mCJGfdm nrA j'sv sbWqf W vfo

nQhvB jvfv mfLAsm hlfbAkf. 9. n¤ydvÛkf, rfn-mcJ W Hû hAhrfv äfvf hlfbAkf. 10. stfsjv rfsk pf zfsY, kfv iadk ë™s[i bf jsv stfH, ivwaDjfkvkf

W drQnf huGsbv mfLAsm hlfbAkf. …ÙÁ njt iajfv hlfbAkf dYt mcrf©mflcv vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv mfsU. ksh

mftLb hAq jvfv mfLAsm k]fv lfbwDtkf dYt kctbfdhrDb. dkdb hstsYb, �9%"7 >%�7&�7>�<ل:((< �<��:��د7א"��F�7��>1�>8א��x8:��7و�mMFd7�73�:�>�:&7א�<��>!7<27 Fb��7.< F�7��<وF$��:]�Fb<�7&��7.< F�7��:17��77#�mMFd7�73�@M7�>�FC�و7א�@M7�? Klא��mMFd7�73�_�@u7��7و'l:G��7f'@l<�7&��F�9)�>��F�8א��mMFd7��73��@� �>��אFA��ذ��i7و7&:<%7��9k&9�Klא��mMFd7�73.((� �

ªlc'ub mfbcsNv msLA skfmfv mDmfQnf j'sv slWqfefW nfljfr, sjfb mfbcNsj dbu nWqfvDv …iv hnfsbf zKhf kfv …iv kfv nfmfb …dEsq dbsq nfrfpA jvfW nfljfr, Hft jKf htf nfljfr, bfmfspv ubA jxk iaskAj ils[i nfljfr ˆhQ vf²Àf sKsj jólfqj dudbn lCvDHCk jvfW nfljfr.«


(hcJfvD 2989, mcndtm 2382bQ) ))_�@u��د9��y:/��<%�>#��FJ9'��7غ��7وF$7ن>�F$��FR�7/�FJ�7GF$��1<x7'>"�k�Fhن>�א��7>�:و�<�#<%>�و7(9ن�mMFd7�73�8#�7>�:وp>b�>��7�9)�F} >GF$.((� �

ªiaskAj jtAfBmCtj jmGƒ rt nljfr (jvfv nmkctA). zfv skfmfv Hfƒsqv nfsK skfmfv rfdnmcsJ nf[f{ jvf ˆhQ skfmfv hftdkv nfrfspA (jcsqf sKsj ifdb kcst) skfmfv Hfƒsqv ifÛ (jtnD ƒkAfdl) Hsv slWqfW jtAfBmCtj (n{)jsmGv ipGfqHcÙÁ.« (zfrmfl 14877, dkvdmpD 1970bQ)

lfb jvf ˆjde ncydvÛhfb mfbcsNv nc¦lv zfyvB. spsrkc kfsk vsqsY mrfb naófv zfbcokA, mrfbhD �-ˆv zbcnvB ˆhQ slWqfv ˆj iajfv ncJ W zfb¦l. dbsu Jvy jvfv yfƒsk dhkvB jvfv mfsUƒ shwD ncJ dbdrk zfsY.

zhwA ydvÛhfsbv lfb jvfsk vsqsY zdkdvÙÁ ³hdwóA. spmb }- � kfv lfsb Kfsj zf§Àdvjkf W sJftf msbv mcydj rfdn. jfvB lfsbv

nfsK pdl dmdó rfdn Kfsj, kfrst kfv icBA däÈB. � sj… djYc yfƒst, sn nk¶v lfb jsv. spsrkc djYc yfƒst sp Jch

kfVfkfdV slq, sn zfnst lcƒ hfv slq. � sn sofisb lfb jsv, spsrkc pfÍfjfvDsj tfÒbf sKsj h]fdysq lfb rt

…Ùm lfb. � sn dbsuv ubA pf iY¦l jsv, snƒ dudbn lfb jsv. zsbsj dFsmv tftf W jcncm sJsq sjht sJfnfef lfb j'sv Kfsj. ˆmb

ziasqfubDq dudbn lfb j'sv sn lfkf rsk yfq bf. zhwA sn dudbn pdl jfsvf jfsu tfso, kfrst sn jKf zftflf. spmb ziasqfubDq hAhr™k sifwfj, p§Ã hf zbA djYc sIst bf svsJ zKhf sIst dlsq bó bf j'sv kf kfslvsj lfb jvf …dyk, pfslv jfsu tfosh.

ydvÛhfb ˆmb lfb jsv bf, pfsk sn dbsuƒ zHfhD rsq pfq. dH[f slWqfv ˆjef nDmf zfsY, dH[f dlsk dlsk pdl dbsusj dHJfvD rsk rq, kfrst sn dH[f zhwAƒ slWqf pfq bf. zfv mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}Fe7�7>�و�<S7/�FJ7�7&�MF�'@�<r7#��F�9)�F}>R:!:��Fe77��و.l:�<�7/�8�@u�>�<�7��7א�:�R7Fb��#'@�7#א��':�<28#{)�٢٩(� �ªkcdm hÝmcdó rsqf bf ˆhQ ˆsjhfsv mcÙÁ r²ÀW rsqf bf; rst kcdm dkvõxk

W db}ö rsq iVsh.« (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 29)


jxkÎkf

ydvÛhfb mfbcN jxkÎ rq, ðjvÈpfv W sbmjrftft rq. …ijfvDv …ijfsv sn jxkÎkf iajfw jsv ˆhQ jxkO rq bf. pfv bcb Jfq, kfv ÈB ofq, kfv sbmjrfvfmD jsv bf. lcÇydvÛvfƒ zbcoarjfvDv zbcoarsj zöDjfv jsv. …ijfvDv …ijfvsj Hcst hsn.

ˆmdbsk hù mfbcsNv hù Lvsbv zjxkÎkf slJf pfq, dj§Â nhsysq hV zjxkÎkf nhsysq hV zbcoarjkGfv.

hù mfbcN zfib nxdójkGf W iadkiftsjv zjxkÎ. hù n§Àfb dbu u¦mlfkf W iftbjkGf dikfmfkfv zjxkÎ. hù ²ÃD dbu HvBsifNBjfvD öfmDv zjxkÎ. ˆ njt mfbcsNv ydvÛ n¤ydvÛ bq. mfbcNsj zfïfr nxdó j'sv lcdbqfsk sJsk-ivsk dlsq h]fdysq svsJsYb.

zKy mfbcN k]fv jxkÎkf öDjfv jsv bf. nhsysq hV sbmjrfvfm sn mfbcN. mrfb zfïfr mfbcNsj hstsYb,

��]١٥٢:�א��Fb�{�]��R�ذ>u@�:و�<F$�pذ>u<�@u@->�و7אC<a@�:وא��<�pوyC7/�e7@�:ون�9{ �zKGf{, skfmvf zfmfsj n¹vB jv; zfdmW skfmfslv n¹vB jvh. skfmvf

zfmfv iadk jxkÎ rW, zfv jxkO rsqf bf. (nCvf hfj¶fvf 152 zfqfk) dkdb mrflfkf, hf¦lfsj lfb jsvb nh djYc. jxkÎkf iajfw bf jvstW

dkdb lfb jsvb. ksh jxkÎkf iajfw jvst dkdb lfb zfsvf hxdÝ jsvb. bsy{ dkdb yfƒst zfpfh dlsq kf L¶Qn jvsk ifsvb. dkdb hstsYb,

}%>~F��<-:/<�FC7a�8�7�&9زF�<-@C�%>~F�7و�<-:/<�FyFu�89ن)�p>"7אX7��\�&>�7�F�{)�٧�(��'��- fא�")� �zKGf{, skfmvf jxkÎ rst skfmfslvsj zhwAƒ zdLj lfb jvh, zfv

zjxkÎ rst zhwAƒ zfmfv wfd²À rsh jsEfv. (nCvf ƒhafrDm 7 zfqfk) zfïfr n©il lfb j'sv ivD[f jsvb. (nCvf bfmXt 40 zfqfk) sp k]fv

ðjXdvqf zflfq jsv, sn tfHhfb rq. zfv sp bfðjXv rq, sn rq [dkoa²À. mrfbhD � hstsYb, ªhfbD ƒnaf„stv msLA dkb hAdÙÁ dYt. ˆjub Lht-

jcô svfofÛÁf§À, däkDqub sesjf ˆhQ kxkDqub zá dYt. zfïfr kfzftf kfslvsj ivD[f jvfv ƒ¤Yf jvstb. Ist dkdb kfslv jfsY ˆjub dIdvñf ifEfstb. dIdvñf (iaKsm) Lht-jcô svfoDv jfsY ˆsn htstb, `skfmfv dbje diaqkm h²Â jD?' sn htt, `nc¦lv vQ W nc¦lv k¶j. zfv zfmfv dbje sKsj ˆƒ svfo lCvDHCk srfj---pfv ubA mfbcN zfmfsj OxBfgjvsY.' zk}iv


dkdb kfv slsr rfk dIvfstb, pfv Ist (zfïfrv zfslsw) kfv OxdBk svfo lCv rsq sot ˆhQ kfsj nc¦lv vQ slWqf rt. zk}iv dkdb htstb, `skfmfv dbje diaqkm Lb jD?' sn htt, `…e zKhf ofHD.' (ˆde hBGbfjfvDv ns¦lr.) nckvfQ kfsj lw mfsnv ofdHb ˆjde …ebD slWqf rt. kfviv dkdb htstb, `zfïfr skfmfsj ˆsk hjGk (iafycpG) lfb jv¢b.'

zk}iv dkdb sesjfv jfsY ˆsn htstb, `skfmfv dbje diaqkm dudbn jD?' sn htt, `nc¦lv sjw ˆhQ ˆƒ svfo lCvDHCk rWqf---pfv ubA mfbcN zfmfsj OxBf jvsY.' zk}iv dkdb kfv mfKfq rfk dIvfstb, pfv Ist kfv (snƒ svfo) lCv rsq sot ˆhQ kfsj nc¦lv sjw lfb jvf rt. (zk}iv) dkdb htstb, `skfmfv dbje nhsysq iY¦lbDq Lb sjfbXef?' sn htt, òfHD.' nckvfQ kfsj ˆjde ofdHb ofƒ slWqf rt ˆhQ dkdb htstb, `zfïfr ˆsk skfmfv ubA hjGk lfb jv¢b.'

zk}iv dkdb zsáv jfsY ˆstb ˆhQ htstb, `skfmfv dbjse diaqkm h²Â jD?' sn htt, `ˆƒ sp, zfïfr kfzftf spb zfmfv lxdó dIdvsq slb pfv äfvf zfdm stfsjslvsj slJsk ifƒ.' nckvfQ dkdb kfv syfsJ rfk dIvfstb. Ist zfïfr kfsj kfv lxdó dIdvsq dlstb. dIdvñf htstb, `kcdm sjfbX Lb nhsysq iY¦l jv?' sn htt, `Yfot.' nckvfQ kfsj ˆjde ofdHb Yfot slWqf rt.

zk}iv ‰ lc'usbv (jcôsvfoD W sesjfv) ið (…ebD W ofHDv) ift hxdÝ sisk tfot ˆhQ ˆƒ zsávW YfotdeW hf¤yf ianh jvt. Ist ˆv ˆj …ikAjf Hvdk …e, ˆv ˆj …ikAjf Hvdk ov¢ ˆhQ ˆv ˆj …ikAjf Hvdk Yfot rsq sot.

icbvfq dIdvñf (ivD[fv …sÜswA kf]v iCshGv syrfvf W zfjxdksk) jcôsvfoDv jfsY ˆstb ˆhQ htstb, `zfdm dmnjDb mfbcN, nIsv zfmfv njt ifsKq swN rsq sosY. Ist öslsw si]ZYsbfv ubA zfïfr zk}iv skfmfv nfrfpA YfVf zfu zfmfv sjfb …ifq sbƒ. snubA zfdm ‰ nÙfv bfsm skfmfv jfsY ˆjde …e yfd¤Y, dpdb skfmfsj nc¦lv vQ W nc¦lv k¶j lfb jsvsYb; pfv äfvf zfdm zfmfv ˆƒ nIsvv o§ÀhA²¿st si]ZsY pfƒ.' sn …Ùv dlt sp, `(zfmfv lfdqsk¶ zfso sKsjƒ) hù zdLjfv W lfdh vsqsY.'

(ˆ jKf ðsb) dIdvñf htstb, `skfmfsj zfmfv sybf msb rs¤Y. kcdm dj jcôsvfoD dYst bf, stfsjvf skfmfsj OxBf jvk? kcdm dj ldvla dYst bf, zfïfr kfzftf skfmfsj Lb ialfb jsvsYb?' sn htt, `ˆ Lb skf zfdm dikf W dikfmr sKsj …ÙvfdLjfv nCsÛ sisqdY.' dIdvñf htstb, `pdl kcdm


dmKAfhflD rW, kfrst zfïfr skfmfsj iChGfh²¿fq dIdvsq dlb!' zk}iv dkdb kfv iCshGjfv zfjfv W zfjxdksk sesjfv jfsY ˆstb ˆhQ

kfsjW sn jKf htstb, sp jKf jcôsvfoDsj hstdYstb. zfv sesjfW snƒ uhfh dlt, sp uhfh jcôsvfoD dlsqdYt. sn ubA dIdvñf kfsjW htstb sp, `pdl kcdm dmKAfhflD rW, kfrst zfïfr skfmfsj iChGfh²¿fq dIdvsq dlb!'

icbvfq dkdb kf]v iCshGjfv zfjfv W zfjxdksk zsáv dbje ˆsn htstb sp, zfdm ˆjub dmnjDb W mcnfdIv mfbcN, nIsvv pfhkDq ifsKq swN rsq sosY. Ist öslsw si]ZYsbfv ubA zfïfr zk}iv skfmfv nfrfpA YfVf zfu zfmfv zfv sjfb …ifq sbƒ. nckvfQ zfdm skfmfv dbje snƒ nÙfv bfsm ˆjde Yfot yfd¤Y, dpdb skfmfv lxdó dIdvsq dlsqsYb; pfv äfvf zfdm zfmfv ˆƒ nIsvv o§ÀhA²¿st si]ZsY pfƒ.' sn htt, `db}ns¦lsr zfdm zá dYtfm. zk}iv zfïfr zfmfsj lxdó dIdvsq dlstb. (zfv ˆƒ YfotW k]fvƒ lfb.) zkˆh kcdm Yfostv ift sKsj pf ƒ¤Yf bfW W pf ƒ¤Yf sYsV lfW. zfïfrv jnm! zfu kcdm zfïfr zfpXpf zufïfv ubA pf sbsh, sn hAfifsv zfdm skfmfsj sjfb jó hf hfLf slh bf.' ˆ jKf ðsb dIdvñf htstb, `kcdm skfmfv mft skfmfv jfsY vfJ. db}ns¦lsr skfmfslvsj ivD[f jvf rt (pfsk kcdm jxkjfpG rst). Ist zfïfr kfzftf skfmfv iadk n§Âó ˆhQ skfmfv nÌDäsqv iadk zn§Âó rstb.« (hcJfvD 3464, mcndtm 7620bQ)

pcso pcso zjxkÎ sjfb sjfb mfbcNsj zfïfr L¶Qn jsvsYb. jfv™bsj kfv iafnfl nr HCoHG²¿ jvf rsqsY. (nCvf j¶n¶fn 76-82 zfqfk) jk hfofb-Wqftfv hfofbW L¶Qn rsqsY zfïfrv zbcoarsj zöDjfv jsv jxkO rWqfv Ist. zfv kfslv ƒdkrfn vsqsY zft-jcvzfsb. (slJcb } nCvf jfrXI 32-43, nCvf nfhf' 15-19, nCvf j¶ftfm 17-33 zfqfk)

ˆƒ ubA mfbcsNv …dyk mrfb zfïfrv zbcoasr k]fv ðjdvqf zflfq jvf ˆhQ pfv mfLAsm sn zbcoar tfH rq, kfvW jxkÎkfifsw zfhÝ rWqf.

jxkÎkf zflfq rq i]fyHfsh }- (1) lfkfv lfsbv jKf öDjfv jvsk rsh. kf zöDjfv jvst zKhf `zfdm

dbsuv spfoAkf hst tfH jsvdY' msb jvst jxkOkf rq. (2) sn jKf iajfw W iayfsvv mfLAsm lfkfv iawQnf jvsk rsh. zhwA

kfsk spb ohG dmdwak bf rq. (3) lfkfv iadk dhbqD rsk rsh. …Ýk hAdÙÁ sbmjrfvfm. (4) lfkfv iadk mrêk vfJsk rsh. sp lfkfsj Hfstfhfsn bf, sn zfnst

ˆjub zjxkÎ.


(5) lfkfv zfbcokA W n§Âdóv isK slWqf dudbn hAq jvsk rsh. bsy{ zbcoarlfkfv zhfLAfyvB jvst zKhf kfv slWqf dudbn kfv ziY¦lbDq ²¿st hAq jvst zjxkÎkf rq.

mrfb zbcoarwDt iadkiftj jxkÎkf yfb. ydvÛhfb hf¦lf k]fv jxkÎkf zflfq jsv. Ist dkdb kfv iadk n§Âó rb. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��7:�:��(9ن�8א<27 Fb�،�M7"<�87��،�و7&�7>��7:�א��.< F�7��:�:�7�<27 Fb�،�FMF�uFא��:�@uA7&�>�<�7�9%7��7א��s<¦F��7.< F�7�.((� �

ªdbÇyq zfïfr snƒ hf¦lfv iadk n§Âó rb, sp hf¦lf djYc sJst zfïfrv iawQnf jsv ˆhQ djYc ifb jvstW zfïfrv iawQnf jsv (zKGf{, zft-rfmlc dtïfr isV).« (mcndtm 7108bQ)

ydvÛhfb mc'dmb hf¦lf ðjv W nhv iasqfo j'sv uDhbLfvB jsv ˆhQ kfsk sn iaHCk jtAfB tfsH LbA rq. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��%>#<o�:��Ke)��7+F��F}�>�7ذ�T �Fو��\¦G�:1F��:1K�@u�:�7�<#$�8�9(ن%#o@#7>��9א�F��7S7��:��:1<7"��73F$�<ن)7 >�א��8�7��:1Fא�:G�7ن�CFb�7�7�73�:�7א�s�:1<7"�73$�<1:�،�و(نF7¦א��G�7ن�CFb�7�FC7a�.((� �

ªmcdmsbv hAfifvefƒ zfÇypGubj. kfv iadkde jfsu kfv ubA mÌt vsqsY. êf mc'dmb hAkDk zbA jfsvf ubA bq. nckvfQ kfv ncJ ˆst zfïfrv jxkÎkf iajfw jsv. Ist êf kfv ubA mÌtmq rq. zfv lc}J si]ZYst sn SLpG LfvB jsv. Ist êfW kfv ubA mÌtmq rq.« (mcndtm 7692bQ)

sjht ncsJƒ bq, lc}J ˆstW hf¦lf mrfb iadkiftsjv slWqf lc}sJ swfjfrk msb k]fv iawQnf jsv. ˆ rt jxkÎkfv …¤y ipGfsqv n¤ydvÛkf. jfvB hf¦lf ufsb, mrfb zfïfr pf jsvb, kf hf¦lfv mÌstv ubA jsvb ˆhQ ncJ-lc}J pfƒ zfncj, kfsk kfv mÌt zfsY. zfv ˆƒ swaBDv ðjvÈpfsvv ubA vsqsY mrficvõfv. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��>1>FC>��7�>��F��7�7/�@� R7@'�@'ن�7:�(9ذ7א��7W�7#و�F�7:�א��Fd�>�<�7�ل�7אFb�7��7>�<��؟��F�7و�<-:< 7�Fd�:��،�<-�7�7� R7@'ل:��b�:��7ن'@�'@R7 bאد<�<�؟�o@b�F�7�7�7��<-:< 7�Fd�:��:ل'�@R7 b�،�<-7�7��:��7ن'�@�'@R7 Fbل�7��7>��<��؟��Fd�7�ذ7א�#�:

7]7x<�7<و7א��FJ7�>�7+�F��7�7/�@� R7@'ل:�אb�،�:>�<�F��7א;< 7"�:�'_��)).א">!:'א��<��7>�<��"7 `��p>bא�M8!F<،�و7�7 �ªpJb sjfb hf¦lfv n§Àfb mfvf pfq, kJb mrfb zfïfr öDq dIdvñfslvsj

hstb, `skfmvf zfmfv hf¦lfv n§Àfsbv uDhb rbb jsvY dj?' k]fvf hstb, `rA]f.' dkdb hstb, `skfmvf kfv r™lsqv Itsj rbb jsvY?' k]fvf hstb,


`r]Af.' dkdb hstb, `sn nmq zfmfv hf¦lf jD hstsY?' kfvf hst, `sn zfibfv rfmXl (iawQnf) jsvsY W ƒâf dtïfdr zƒâf ƒtfƒdr vf-du†b (zKGf{, zfmvf skfmfv ˆhQ skfmfv jfsYƒ zhwAƒ dIsv pfh) ifE jsvsY.' mrfb zfïfr hstb, `zfmfv (n§Àfbrfvf) hf¦lfv ubA ufâfskv msLA ˆjde oxr dbmfGB jv, zfv kfv bfm vfJ, `hfqkct rfmXl' (iawQnfHhb).« (dkvdmpD 1021bQ)

ˆmb …¤y mfsbv ydvsÛv zdLjfvD, sp LCsiv mskf u¶tstW ncoá dhkvB jsv, swfjfrk rsqW mrfb zfïfrv iawQnf jsv, sn skf …ipcÙÁ icvõfv ifshƒ.

ˆj swaBDv mfbcN zfsY, pfvf mrfb zfïfrv zbcoar iafå rq, dj§Â nvfndv bq, jfsvf mfLAsm. sn s[sÛ …dyk rt, mrfb zfïfrv jxkÎkf Îfib jvf. kfviv ‰ mfLAm hAdÙÁv jxkÎkf jvf. dj§Â zsbj ˆmb zbcoariafå zfsY, pfvf sjht mfLAsmv iawQnf jsv ˆhQ zfnt lfkf mrfb zfïfrsj Hcst pfq. kfvf zhwAƒ zjxkÎ. zbcv™i zfsvf ˆj swaBDv mfbcN zfsY, pfvf zbcoar iafdåv iv mrfb zfïfrv ðjdvqf Îfib jsv, dj§Â ‰ mfLAsmv sjfb ðjdvqf zflfq jsv bf. iv§Â mfLAm äfvf zbcoar sKsj hdÑk rst kJb kfvƒ db¦lf jsv. ˆvf dj zfslZ ydvÛhfb htsYb? j[bƒ bf. ydvÛhfb mfbcN njstv zbcoar W …ijfv öDjfv jsv ˆhQ njstv jxkÎkf zflfq jsv. spsrkc mfbcsNv jxkÎkf zflfq bf j'sv mrfb zfïfrv jxkÎkf jvstW zfnst kf zflfq rq bf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))<%7#�-F��9�@C<�7&�7س�!�Fא�،�<-F��9�@C<�7&�>��.))א �ªsp hAdÙÁ (…ijfvD) mfbcsNv ðjXv jvt bf, sn zfïfrv ðjXv jvt bf.«

(zfrmfl 11280, dkvdmpD 1955bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,

))<%7#�7]>!:3�>1< F�9)�\�� 9v<S7<�#�7>�:وFb�،�<9ن,Fb�<-F��<�>S7&��7#��>1�&9v<S7&�،��9%<=�: �Fb��>1�< F�7��،��:1�8�9,Fb��7(9ذ7א�!<�F$�>1< F�7��<�FRFb�:�7�FC7a�،�<17:�و7(9ن�7Fu�<�FRFb�:�7�FyFu�،�77%>و#��K�727/��7�>"�<-F��F�<�:&�،��7�8�FAFCFb�7T>�F��<�7"<'7��.))ز:و �

ªsp hAdÙÁsj sjfb …irfv lfb jvf rq sn hAdÙÁv …dyk, slWqfv mk djYc sist kf dlsq kfv iadklfb (iakcAirfv) slWqf. slWqfv mk djYc bf sist lfkfv iawQnf jvf …dyk. jfvB, sp hAdÙÁ (lfkfv) iawQnf jsv sn kfv jxkÎkf (hf ðjdvqf) zflfq jsv slq, sp hAdÙÁ (…irfv) sofib jsv (iadklfb slq bf hf ðjXv zflfq jsv bf) sn jxkOkf (hf bfðjXvD) jsv. zfv sp hAdÙÁ ˆmb djYc iajfw jsv, pf kfsj slWqf rqdb sn hAdÙÁ lc'de


dmKAf sthfn idvLfbjfvDv mskf.« (dkvdmpD 2034, zfhC lf…l 4813, ƒhsb mfufr, ƒhsb drêfb, nrDr kfvoDh 954bQ)

ˆ rt zflwG W ydvÛhfbslv bDdk. dj§Â zflwGrDbslv bDdk ˆv dhivDk. kfslv zdLjfv zfsY LfvBf j'sv zdkdvÙÁ zdLjfv Itfq. Ist kfvf zdLjfv sKsj hdÑk rs¤Y LfvBf j'sv zbcoarjfvDv iadk zjxkÎ rq. pfv sbmj Jfq, kfv sbmjrfvfdm jsv. ˆ s[sÛ zfidb jxkÎkfv ²¿st jxkOkf W db¦lfv zfwf jvsk ifsvb. pfsj kDv dw[f slb, sn zfibfsjƒ kDv mfvsk ifsv. pfsj lcL dlsq sifNB jsvb, snƒ zfibfsj lQwb jvsk ifsv. pfv ubA ycdv jsvb, snƒ zfibfsj `syfv' htsk ifsv. pfv ubA hbhfnD, snƒ dlsk ifsv otfq I]fdn. pfv ubA hcj Ifse, sn zfibfsj ]sj jfse---ˆmbW rsk ifsv.

kfslv msLA ˆjub rt zhfLA n§Àfb. n§Àfsbv iadk mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw dYt, sn dikfmfkfv jxkÎkf öDjfv jvsh.�

}��p�>��<�@C�<aن�9אF$�9%< 7#�7��p>b�:1@��7�>b7و�%<f7و��F�7��!<f71:�$@#_1:�و<F�7��و7و837 >!7��א�<�>�7�ن�7"<'7א�<�7+�>1<&7��ن��[�}و�7<'7א�<�7&>{R��:١٤[��

zKGf{, zfdm skf mfbcNsj kfv dikf-mfkfv iadk nlfyvsBv dbslGw dlsqdY. ubbD jsóv iv jó hvB j'sv n§Àfbsj osHG LfvB jsv ˆhQ kfv ²ÀbAifb YfVfsk lc'hYv zdkhfdrk rq. nckvfQ kcdm zfmfv iadk W skfmfv dikf-mfkfv iadk jxkÎ rW. (nCvf tcjmfb 14 zfqfk)

dj§Â sn kf bf j'sv dikfmfkfv zhfLA rq. dikfmfkfsj sJsk-ivsk slq bf. kfslvsj bfvfu j'sv ixKj nQnfv osV. kfslvsj jsó svsJ dbsu zfb¦l jsv ƒkAfdl. dbÇyq sn n§Àfb, sYst zKhf smsq jcn§Àfb ˆhQ zflwGrDb W ydvÛrDb.

kfslv msLA zfv ˆjub rt ²ÃD. zdLjfv Idtsq öfmDv mpGflf zöDjfv jsv. kfv jxkÎkf jvf skf lCv jD hfk, …s¬e kfv db¦lf ofq. djYc ²ÃDstfsjv ˆmbƒ öHfh, rfufv dlstW pfq bf zHfh.

zdhhfdrkf bfvD ˆjde msbfmskf öfmD YfVf lcdbqfv zbA djYc yfq bf. dj§Â pJbƒ öfmD ifq, kJbƒ sn kfv dbje sKsj nhdjYc yfƒsk ðv¢ jsv. zfv hfqbf Lvfv iv ifq bf hst, zjxkÎkf jvsk ðv¢ jsv. iv§Â zfso pf sisqsY kfW Hcst hsn!

pf ifWqfv zdLjfdvBD sn, ðLc kfƒ yfq, kf bq. zbAfqHfshW sn yfq, zfmfv bfsm n©idÙ dtsJ lfW, zfmfv bfsm hfdV dtsJ lfW. kfsk sp zbA


WqfsvnDb hdÑk rsh, kfsk kfv djYc pfq-zfsn bf. ˆmb h… dj ydvÛhkD rsk ifsv? sn dj yfƒsh, kfv sYst icÛhLCv bfsm Ov-hfdV dtsJ dlj?

sbmjrfvfm dhdh pf sisqsY kfv drnfh jsv bf, pf ifqdb sjht kfvƒ drnfh jsv. zfv kfv Ist kfv jfsY öfmDv ðLc zdHspfo YfVf zbA djYc swfbf pfq bf. zsbj djYc ifWqfv isvW sn kfv ðjdvqf zflfq jsv bf. jfvB sn Hfsh, sn nh kfv iafiA dudbn. kfYfVf iv²ÃDv slsJ sn sisk yfq. dj§Â sn …isvv dlsj kfjfq ˆhQ dbsyv dlsj kfjfq bf. Ist dbsuv té nmCr dbqfmksj nfmfbA W boBA Îfb jsv.

ˆmb nrLdmGBD dbsuv shsrwXksj L¶Qn jsv, dbsuv sHfub ifsÛ dYû jsv, dbsuv hnfv ufqof jflf jsv ˆhQ dbsuv ifsq jcEfvfOfk jsv.

ˆmb ²ÃD kfv iadkiftsjv dbjseW sÛÁfLHfub rq. mrbhD � hstsYb, �»Fe�:�@z<!7&�:1Kא��F�9)��F$7�<#א�Fe�:�@C<�7/��7.>x<7وv>��7�>f7و�Fe��>!<r7<�7/�:1<!7�«�.� �

ªzfïfr snƒ mdrtfv iadk sysqW slJshb bf, sp kfv öfmDv jxkÎkf zflfq jsv bf; zKy sn kfv mcJfsid[BD.« (bfnf„ jchvf 9135, k¶fhfvfbD, hfpXpfv 2349, rfsjm 2771, hfƒrfjD 14497, dntdntfr nrDrfr 289bQ)

r]Af, öfmDƒ kfv HvB-sifNB jsv. jk jó hvB j'sv …ifuGb j'sv zfsb. zk}iv dbsuv nfLAmskf kfv idvypGf jsv. kfv dydj{nfq Û¢de jsv bf. nfQnfdvj jfsu dbsuv zKhf jfsuv stfj äfvf nrspfdokf jvsk Û¢de jsv bf.

Ycdev dlb snW Ycde dbsk yfq. zKy Ycdev dlb idvhfsvv nhfƒ Ycde dbsk yfƒst Ycdev zfb¦l Kfsj bf. khcW Ycdev hfqbf sjfb vjm dmefsk bf ifvst zjxkÎkf iajfw jsv.

öfmD Jvsy-…irfsv sjfb iajfv jfiGBA jsv bf, khcW spb dhyfvidk ²ÃDv jfsY öfmD zfnfmD. iaHfhwfdtbD ²ÃDv jfsY dhäfb öfmD spb dbshGfL dwð. jxkO ²ÃDv zHfhƒ iCvB rq bf.

ˆjlf vfnCtcïfr � (mdrtfslvsj nsìfLb jsv) htstb, ��7وuF$7=<�>ن�7%d8�7�7/�7א�!?�7��<��7#>��7�7&7�«��Fy<r><�>e�9?��א,Fb�8%@C:<&F$7��7�7=uF$�9�<fF$�9��.�»א�!8� �

ªsr mdrtf njt! skfmvf nfljfr-Jqvfk jvsk Kfj W zdLjmfÛfq ƒd²ÀoIfv jv. jfvB zfdm skfmfslvsj ufrfâfsmv zdLjfQw zdLhfnDv™si slJtfm.«

ˆjub ÎfbD mdrtf dbshlb jvt, `zfmfslv zdLjfQw ufrfâfmD rWqfv jfvB jD? sr zfïfrv vnCt!' dkdb htstb,


�F$7&>;:�و7#7��א�7��<¦�7وyC7/7@�>ن�7א��C:/�7%<�K=<�>ن7«��<%>#�>W�7�>d�7��R7��%&>�7و7د�F�|F$�i>X>��@��8%@C<!>#«�.� �ªskfmvf zdHwfi shdw jv ˆhQ dbu öfmDv zjxkÎkf jv. hcdÝ W LsmG

ziCBG rWqf nsÙ¶W dhy[B hAdÙÁv …iv skfmfslv yfƒsk zfv jf…sj shdw iaHfh Jfefsk sldJdb.« (mcndtm 250bQ, hcJfvD 204bQ)

zjxkÎkf spb ²ÃDv ufköHfh. zsbj djYc sisqW nfmfbA djYc bf sisq hst hsn, `sn djYcƒ ifqdb.' zsbj Hfstfhfnf sisqW kfvƒ sjfb slfsN nfmfbA sjfb wfnfdb hf Lmj sisqƒ hst hsn, `kcdm zfuDhb Hfstfhfnst bf.' ˆƒ zjxkÎkfv idvBfsm ²ÃD slfpJhfdnbD rsh.

ƒhsb zfêfn � jkGxj hdBGk, bhD � hstb, ªzfmfsj ufrfâfm slJfsbf rt. zfdm slJtfm, ufrfâfsmv zdLjfQw zdLhfdnbD rt mdrtf.« nfrfhfoB duÎfnf jvstb, `kf jD ubA sr zfïfrv vnCt?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªkfslv jcIvDv ubA.« k]fvf htstb, `zfïfrv nfsK jcIvD?' dkdb htstb,

�WF$7>��:-�8א��f8>��7(9+>�7אF��7;<!7�<+F$��F�9)�8%:f'>�א�,9+>�7�ن�7وyC7&7@�>ن�7אyC7&�7¦>�7��@�>ن7((��F}�<!>#��~< �7a��<;�F��Fd��7#�:;<&F$7��F}<!>#א��< 7G�£�Fd.((� �

ª(bf,) kfvf öfmDv jcIvD (zjxkÎkf) W dbmjrfvfdm jsv. kfslv jfsvf iadk pdl nfvf uDhb ˆrnfbD jv, zk}iv sn pdl skfmfv dbje nfmfbA Û¢de t[A jsv, kfrst h'st hsn, skfmfv dbje sjfb mÌt slJtfm bf zfdm!« (hcJfvD 29, mcndtm 2147bQ)

dbÇyqƒ ufâfk-ufrfâfsm dhw¶fdnbD ²ÃDv ydvÛ sbmjrfvfdm rsk ifsv bf. zjxkÎ rsk ifsv bf öfmDv. kctbf dlsq iawQnf jvsk ifsv bf öfmDv n©mcsJ zbA icv¢sNv.

ydvÛhkD ²ÃD öfmD-nQnfsv pkƒ jó ifj, khcW zjxkÎ rq bf jfsvf, bf mrfb iadkiftsjv, zfv bf kfv lfdqk¶wDt iadkiftsjv. bsy{ zjxkÎ ²ÃD mpGflfv zdLjfdvBD bq.

njstv ufbf zfsY Osvv syZjfE hltfsbfv ƒdkrfn. ƒnmf„t -ˆv dhhfsrv iv ƒhafrDm kf]v idvkAÙÁ idvubsj slJfv ubA mÄfq ˆstb. dj§Â ˆsn ƒnmf„tsj sistb bf. isv kf]v ²ÃDv dbje k]fv n©isjG ufbsk yfƒstb. ²ÃD htstb, `dkdb zfmfslv v¢pDv náfsb shdvsq sosYb. zfmfslv ubA dwjfv jvsk sosYb.' zfhfv dkdb icÛhLCv jfsY k]fslv uDhbpfÛf W zh²¿f n©isjG ufbsk yfƒstb. hLC htstb, `zfmvf zdkwq lclGwf, lcvh²¿f, efbfefdb ˆhQ HDNB jsóv msLA zfdY.' icÛhLC w¶ðv ƒhafrDm -ˆv dbje bfbf zdHspfo jvstb. dkdb kf]v icÛhLCsj htstb, `skfmfv öfmD hfdV ˆst


kf]sj zfmfv nftfm ufbfsh ˆhQ htsh, sn spb kfv Osvv lvufv syZjfE hlst sbq.' ˆƒ hst dkdb yst sostb.

ƒnmf„t pJb hfdV dIsv ˆstb, kJb dkdb ƒhafrDsmv zfomb n©isjG ˆjef djYc ƒdÌk sisq ²ÃDsj dusÎn jvstb, `skfmfslv dbje sj… dj ˆsndYstb?' ²ÃD htstb, `rA]f, ˆƒ ˆƒ zfjxdkv ˆjub hqõ stfj ˆsndYstb. zfibfv n©isjG zfmfsj dusÎn jvdYstb. zfdm k]fsj zfibfv Jhv dltfm. icbvfq zfmfsj zfmfslv uDhbpfÛf n©isjG duÎfnf jvst zfdm kfs]j ufbftfm sp, zfmvf Jchƒ lc}J-jó W zHfsh zfdY.' ƒnmf„t htstb, `dkdb skfmfsj sjfb djYc zdnqk j'sv sosYb dj?' ²ÃD ufbfstb, `rA]f, dkdb zfmfsj dbslGw dlsq sosYb, zfibfsj kfv nftfm si]ZYfsk ˆhQ zfsvf hstsYb, zfidb spb zfibfv lvufv syZjfE hlst sIstb.' ƒnmf„t htstb, `dkdb dYstb zfmfv dikf ˆhQ dkdb zfmfsj dbslGw dlsq sosYb, spb skfmfsj zfdm kftfj dlsq dlƒ. jfsuƒ kcdm skfmfv hfsiv hfdV yst pfW!'

nckvfQ ƒnmf„t k]fsj kftfj dlsq dlstb ˆhQ ùcvùm' sofsÛv zbA ˆjde smsqsj dhhfr jvstb. zk}iv pkdlb zfïfr yfƒstb ƒhafrDm kkdlb ]slv sKsj lCsv Kfjstb. isv zfhfv slJsk ˆstb. dj§Â ƒnmf„t sndlbW hfdVsk dYstb bf. dkdb icÛhLCv Osv iashw jvstb ˆhQ ƒnmf„t n©isjG duÎfnf jvstb. ²ÃD ufbfstb dkdb zfmfslv Jfhfsvv náfsb shdvsq sosYb. ƒhafrDm duÎfnf jvstb, `skfmvf sjmb zfY?' dkdb k]fv dbje k]fslv uDhbpfÛf W nfQnfdvj zh²¿f n©isjGW ufbsk yfƒstb? icÛhLC …Ùsv htstb, `zfmvf Hft zh²¿fq ˆhQ n¤Ytkfv msLA zfdY.' ˆ hst dkdb zfïfrv iawQnfW jvstb. ƒhafrDm k]fsj duÎfnf jvstb, `skfmfslv iaLfb JflA jD?' icÛhLC …Ùsv htstb, `sofñX.' htstb, `skfmfslv ifbDq jD?' hLC htstb, ìfdb.' ƒhafrDm lczf jvstb, `sr zfïfr! ˆslv sofñX W ifdbsk hvjk lfW.'

zftfi swsN ƒhafrDm icÛhLCsj htstb, `skfmfv öfmDsj zfmfv nftfm htsh ˆhQ kfsj zfmfv i[ sKsj ùjcm jvsh, sn spb kfv lvufv syZjfE hrft vfsJ.'

zk}iv ƒnmf„t pJb hfdV ˆsn ²ÃDsj duÎfnf jvstb, `skfmfslv dbje sj… ˆsndYstb dj?' ²ÃD htstb, `rAf], ˆjub nc¦lv zfjxdkv hxÝ ˆsndYstb. (zk}iv ²ÃD k]fv iawQnf jvstb W htstb,) kfviv dkdb zfibfv n©isjG ufbsk yfƒstb, zfdm kJb kf]sj zfibfv Jhv httfm.


zk}iv dkdb zfmfslv uDhbpfÛf n©isjG ufbsk yfƒstb. zfdm k]fsj Jhv dltfm sp, zfmvf Hftƒ zfdY.' öfmD htstb, `zfv dkdb skfmfsj sjfb zdnqk jsvsYb dj?' ²ÃD htstb, `dkdb zfibfsj nftfm hstsYb ˆhQ zfibfv lvufv syZjfE zidvhdkGk vfJfv dbslGw dlsq sosYb.' ƒnmf„t � kf]v ²ÃDsj htstb, `dkdb zfmfv zfêf, zfv kcdm rst syZjfE. dkdb dbslGw dlsq sosYb, zfdm spb skfmfsj ²ÃD drnfsh hrft vfdJ.' (hcJfvDv 3364-3365bQ)

iaskAj zbcoariafå hAdÙÁv …dyk, uDhsb pf sisqsY, kfv drnfh jvf ˆhQ pf ifqdb, kfv drnfh bf jvf. jfvB drnfh dbst slsJf pfq, pf sn ifqdb, kfv kctbfq pf sisqsY, kf zsbjfsbj shdw. zfv sn ubAƒ zsbj hÑbf nsÙ¶W zbcoarlfkfv jxkÎkf öDjfv jvsk rq. zs¬i kcó rsk ifvst mfbcN ðjvÈpfv rsk ifsv, kf bf rst bfðjdvv zbt-lrsb zfuDhb jó sHfo jvsk rq.

mrfbhD � zfhC ùvfƒvf �-sj zdnqk j'sv hstdYstb, ))�7&��7"F$�F�7�<&7�:f�<%@u��9��وF$7+<��8،�א�!�8�سFd��<%�@C7/��7�FC�<aF$��9!<��وu7@�%>��،�א�!�8�سC7/�7�7�<�F$��9@%>�و7��/�7x��<%�@C7�و7�x��<%�7#��FJ7<�'7א��7و�F}>�y7!>��<%�@C7/��!>#<o:#�،��<%>��7+F$7/:2<�_�#7��<�!8�س9>�<��:#�،��8��>dF$7و�F}>28 Fb�7�<=FuF��>}>28,9ن�8،�א� ;:�א�>�:/�7��FR�א((.� �

ªsr zfhC ùvfƒvf! kcdm dbsuv msLA zfïfrHDv¢kf dbsq ˆn, kfrst kcdm mfbcsNv msLA nhsysq hV zfshl rsq pfsh. zfv zs¬i idvkcó rW, kfrst kcdm mfbcsNv msLA nh sKsj shwD jxkÎ rsq pfsh. mfbcsNv ubAW kf-ƒ iY¦l jv, pf kcdm dbsuv ubA iY¦l jv, kfrst kcdm ˆjub (Jf]de) mc'dmb oBA rsh. skfmfv iadkshwDv iadk näAhrfv jv, kfrst kcdm ˆjub (Jf]de) mcndtm dhshdyk rsh. zfv rfdn jm jv, jfvB, zdLj rfdn z§Àvsj smsv slq.« (hcJfvD, zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 252, ƒhsb mfuf 4217bQ)�

zdLjfv zflfq

ydvÛhfb mcndtm bv-bfvD kfslv iadk nxdóv zdLjfv zflfq jsv. zflfq jsv dbsuv slsrv zdLjfv, dikfmfkfv zdLjfv, ²ÃDv zdLjfv, öfmDv zdLjfv, n§Àfsbv zdLjfv, Hfƒ-shfb W zfk¹Dqöusbv zdLjfv, iadkshwDv zdLjfv, ifWbflfsvv zdLjfv, ovDh-dmnjDsbv zdLjfv, wfnsjv zdLjfv ˆhQ njt mcndtsmv pfhkDq zdLjfv.

mrfbhD � hstsYb,


�))��\T�<�7G�9->�<�@א��F�7��9->�<�@א��_k7+�:��،�9v>��7!F9&��9،�و7א/?��7�ع:�א��F�7�د�7@�א� �7د_�א��F�8م9،�و�7<>� ;:�א��9T>h�7وM7"�7x9)7@�א��8>'�7<�،�و�7/7>.((� �

ªˆj mcntmfsbv zdLjfv ziv mcntmfsbv …iv i]fyde } nftfsmv uhfh slWqf, v¢oDsj slJsk pfWqf, ufbfpfv nsÌ pfWqf, lfWqfk jhct jvf ˆhQ rf]yst kfv uhfh slWqf.« (hcJfvD 1240, mcndtm 5777bQ)

nmCr zdLjfv zflfq jvfef nkAƒ jdEb hAfifv. khcW ydvÛhfb rsk rst kf jvskƒ rsh.

`hV rWqf nQnfsvsk jdEb hAfifv, nQnfsv sn hV rq, hV ÈB pfv.'

zf§Àdvjkf

iaskAj jKf W jfsu zf§Àdvj rWqf n¤ydvÛ mfbcsNv t[B. sp jKf hst, kf zf§Àdvjkfv nfsK hst ˆhQ sp jfu jsv, kf zf§Àdvjkfv nfsK jsv. äDsbv jfsu spmb sn zf§Àdvj rq, skmdb lcdbqfv jfsuW zf§Àdvj rq. jfsvf …ijfv jvst dhbf öfsKG jsv ˆhQ ifdvwadmsjv dhdbmsq jfsvf jfu jvstW zf§Àdvjkfv nfsK jsv.

isvfijfv jvst zf§Àdvjkfv nfsK jsv. kfv iÇyfsk iadklfb hf jxkÎkf tfsHv zfwf vfsJ bf. ydvÛhfsbvf dbu jsmG sjht mrfb iadkiftsjv n§Âdó jfmbf jsv. jfsvf …ijfv jvst zKhf jf…sj zâlfb jvst kfslv mb hst,

}�7�8�9)�<-@C:�>�l:��>1<x7'>��>1Kא��F��:�&9�:��<-@C!>#��7אv7x��F�7א�و��'@C:a�{)�٩�(��א]��ن��' �ªðLc zfïfrv mcJm×t (lwGb hf n§Âdó) tfsHv …sÜswA zfmvf

skfmfslvsj zâlfb jdv, zfmvf skfmfslv dbje rsk iadklfb yfƒ bf, jxkÎkfW bq. (lfrv } 9)

ydvÛhfb dbsuv jfu spmb mb dlsq jsv, skmdb isvv jfuW mb dlsq n©iflb jsv. dbsuv dudbn spmb zf§Àdvjkfv nfsK drIfpk jsv, skmdb isvv hf nvjfsvv dudbnW zf§Àdvjkfv nfsK drIfpk jsv. dbsuv ofdV yftfsbfv nmq spmb kfv drIfpskv sJqft vfsJ, skmdb mfdtj, sjf©ifdb hf nvjfvD ofdV yftfsbfv nmqW ˆjƒ sJqft vfsJ. dbsuv hfdVsk hfn jvfv nmq spmb kfv drIfpskv sJqft vfsJ, skmdb HfVf-hfdV, sjf©ifdbv slWqf hf nvjfvD hfnfq hfn j'sv kfv drIfpskv sJqft vfsJ. dbsu dht dlsk rst spmb ifdb W dhlAck hAhrfv jsv, skmdb sjf©ifdb hf nvjfv dht dmefstW


ˆjƒ mb dbsq kf hAhrfv jsv. spsrkc zf§Àdvjkf YfVf sjfb jfu `Hfstf jfu' rq bf. mrfb zfïfrv

lvhfsv kf oarBspfoA rq bf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

)>"'@�@d��F�9)�:�@z<!&�%CF�7و�،�<-u9�7':3��F�9)�Fe7و�،�<-@u>7�د�<xF$�(9)�:�@z<!&�Fe��C>��7@-(ن�8א�F$7و�<-@C.(� �ªdbÇyq zfïfr kfzftf skfmfslv slr ˆhQ skfmfslv zfjxdk slsJb bf,

hvQ dkdb skfmfslv z§Àv W zfmt slsJb.« (mcndtm 6707-6708bQ) ))� .��#��#7��:'ن\��mM7�':��7#א��_�>>b�Ke)��#�pr:<"1:�"<1<�א<x7و��)).و�8v7��8�7x7א �

ªixdKhD zdHwå ˆhQ zdHwå kfv msLA pf djYc zfsY sn njt (ifdKGh dhNq W) h²ÂW. ksh snƒ h²Â (hf jmG) bq pfv mfLAsm mrfb zfïfrv n§ÂdótfsHv zfwf jvf rq.« (k¶fhfvfbD, nrDr kfvoDh 9bQ)

sjfbW jfsu zf§Àdvj bf rWqf mcbfdIsjv t[B. ƒhsb …mfv � rsk hdBGk, djYc stfj k]fv dbje dbshlb jvt sp, `zfmvf zfmfslv wfnjslv dbje pfƒ ˆhQ kfslvsj ‰ nh jKf hdt, pfv dhivDk hdt kfslv dbje sKsj hfƒsv zfnfv iv. (sn nìsá zfibfv zdHmk jD?)' ƒhsb …mfv � …Ùv dlstb, `vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv pfmfbfq ˆv™i zfyvBsj zfmvf `mcbfdIj¶D' zfyvB hst oBA jvkfm.' (hcJfvD 7178bQ)

nckvfQ sjfb ydvÛhfb mcndtm mcbfdIsjv zfyvB oarB jvsk ifsv bf. `…isv nftfmfdî W dHksv rfvfmufldj'v hAhrfv ialwGb jvsk ifsv bf.

ydvÛhfb mcndtm sjfb lfdqk¶wDt rst dbu lfdqsk¶ zhsrtf ialwGb jsv bf. jkGhAvk sjfb jmGyfvD rst dbu jkGshA zhÎf hf zbDrf ialwGb jsv bf. spsrkc sn rq dbu lfdqk¶ W jkGhA iftsb dbôfhfb ˆhQ ³bdkjkfv bDdksk lfqhÝ.

ydvÛhfb dw[j, dbu dw[flfsb zf§Àdvj rb. ydvÛhfb dydj{nj, dbu dydj{nfq zf§Àdvj rb. ydvÛhfb jmGyfvD, dbu jsmG zf§Àdvj rb. ydvÛhfb hAhnfqD, dbu hAhnfq zf§Àdvj rb. ydvÛhfb jxNj, dbu jxdNjfspG zf§Àdvj rb. ydvÛhfb dw¬iD, dbu dw¬ijsmG zf§Àdvj rb.. ydvÛhkD ²ÃD, dbu nQnfsv zf§Àdvj rb. sp zf§Àdvj bq, kfv z§Àv sbƒ zKhf mxk. zfv z§ÀvrDb mfbcN dj

ydvÛhfb rsk ifsv?


nmfstfyjsj …si[f

ydvÛhfb bv-bfvD db¦lcsjv db¦lf W nmfstfysjv nmfstfybfsj …si[f jsv. pJb sn ufsb sp, sn rj isK iadkdôk, kJb sjfb vebfq sn jfb slq bf. zet W zdhyt sKsj dbu rj isK ytmfb Kfsj. spsrkc ˆ rt mrfb naófv dbslGw.

dkdb dbu siadvk bhD �-sj dw[f dlsqsYb, jDHfsh dhsvfLDslvsj …si[f jvshb. nmfsu dhdHâ swaBDv mfbcN hnhfn jsv. snJfsb Kfsj jfsIv, mcbfdIj, mcwdvj W zÎ-mCJG. ˆslv iaskAsjv nfsK ˆjƒ zfyvB jvsk dbslGw slWqf rsqsY; …si[f jv, ksjG spsqf bf, nQOfsk spsqf bf, mbmvf rsqf bf, jó dbsqf bf.

dkdb mcwdvjslv hAfifsv k]fsj hstsYb, >{�F$@و+<7#�7p��א/�8<[>{F�9)�%>#�F}?"8��e�71F�9)�Ke9)�7':f�<9ض�<�F$77��7%�9و�>u9�<�:��א��م)��١٠٦(}א� �

ªskfmfv iadkiftsjv dbje rsk skfmfv iadk pf iakAfslw rq, kcdm kfvƒ zbcnvB jv, dkdb hAkDk zbA sjfb …ifnA sbƒ. zfv zQwDhflDslv sKsj dhmcJ Kfj.« (‚bX‚m } 106)

�Fb��7�3>�7ع>{>"�:�7#<o:/�<9ض�<�F$77��7%�9و�>u9�<�:��)��٩٤(}א�'��S�א� �ªkcdm sp dhNsq zfdló rsqY, kf iajfswA iayfv jv ˆhQ zQwDhflDslvsj

…si[f jv.« (druXv } 94) zKGf{, kfvf pdl skfmfsj dmKAfqb jsv, skfmfv jKfq zdhw¶fn jsv,

kfrst kcdm sjfb isvfqf jsvf bf, skfmfv sjfb [dk rsh bf. kfvf pdl skfmfsj dbsq hAÌ-dhû™i jsv, kfrst kfslvsj …si[f jv, mb Jfvfi jsvf bf, lc}J dbsqf bf. spsrkc mrfb iadkiftj skfmfv nfsK zfsYb.

jfsIv, bfd²Àj W sjht ifdKGh uDhsb dhw¶fnDslv hAfifsv k]fsj nkjG j'sv mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

�#?�rF�<��7#��7%:.:-��ذ�F}�>�7)��٢٩(א��_�> 7��א72� �K�9)��F��7��&:��9د>��وF�7->�ذ<�FAFb�%7��%8#��K�7'7/�%7��7�9�u>�9ض>{��)��٣٠(}...�<�-9א�'��-S!א��

ªzkˆh kfsj …si[f j'sv yt, sp zfmfv n¹vsB dhmcJ ˆhQ sp ðLc ifdKGh uDhbƒ jfmbf jsv. kfslv Îfsbv slZV ˆƒ ipG§À.« (bfuXm } 29-30)

kfvf pk hVƒ dwd[k srfj, pk hVƒ dhÎfbD srfj, kfslv dw[f W Îfb sjht ifdKGh uDhsbv msLAƒ nDmfhÝ. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,


�:'ن7{F�<�7&א��>f�F¬�7%?#�>��7 �א��وم��'��)��٧(}�|b�F<�@'نf�7:->�אG��<��7<��7%�9وf7:->�א��_�> 7��א72� �ªWvf ifdKGh uDhsbv hfrA dlj nìsá zhok, zKy ifvstZdjj uDhb

nìsá Wvf …lfnDb.« (v™m } 7) nckvfQ kfvf kfslv jxkjsmGv wfd²À iakA[ jvsh ivjfst. zfv kfslv

zdhw¶fn skfmfv sjfb [dk jvsk ifvsh bf. mcbfdIjslv hAfifsvW nkjG j'sv dkdb k]fsj hstsYb, ªkcdm dj kfslvsj slJdb, pfvf LfvBf (W lfhD) jsv sp, skfmfv iadk pf

zhkDBG jvf rsqsY ˆhQ skfmfv iCshG pf zhkDBG jvf rsqsY, kfsk kfvf dhÇhfn jsv? zKy kfvf kfoCskv jfsY dhyfviafKDG rsk yfq; pdlW kf iakAfJAfb jvfv ubA kfslvsj dbslGw slWqf rsqsY. zfv wqkfb kfslvsj HDNBHfsh iKëó jvsk yfq. kfslvsj pJb htf rq, `zfïfr pf zhkDBG jsvsYb kfv dlsj ˆhQ vnCstv dlsj ˆn.' kJb kcdm mcbfdIj (jie)slvsj skfmfv dbje sKsj mcJ ˆsjhfsv dIdvsq dbsk slJsh. nckvfQ kfslv jxk zivfsLv idvBfsm pJb kfslv …iv sjfb dhil ˆsn iVsh, kJb kfslv jD zh²¿f rsh? zk}iv kfvf skfmfv dbje ˆsn zfïfrv wiK j'sv htsh, `zfmvf jtAfB ˆhQ n©iaDdk hAkDk zbA djYcƒ yfƒdb.«

mrfb zfïfr hstb, }F}>~F�7$@و�%&>XKא��:-F�<�7&7#��1:א��p>b�<-9.>"'@�@d�<9ض�<�FAFb�<-:.<!7��<-:.z>�7و��@d7و�<-:.K��p>b�<-9.>�@y�F$��e<'�Fd��r >�7"{)�٦٣�(��א�!��' �

ªˆvfƒ skf kfvf, pfslv z§Àsv jD zfsY, zfïfr kf ufsbb. nckvfQ kcdm kfslvsj …si[f jv, kfslvsj nlcislw lfW ˆhQ kfslvsj kfslv nìsá mmG±iwGD jKf ht.« (dbnf } 60-63)

jfvB kfvf skf nmfsuvƒ stfj. kfvf mcndtm bfm dbsq mcndtm nmfsu hnhfn jsv. mcndtmslv mndul W „lofsr ucmzfr W „l iVsk zfsn. kfslv dhv¢sÝ mcndtm nvjfvW sjfb hAh²¿f dbsk ifsv bf. nckvfQ kfslv lchGAhrfsv nrA YfVf zfv jD jvfv Kfjsk ifsv? …si[f jvf YfVf zfv jDsnv zsi[f jvf spsk ifsv?

7 �FJ>�!>��7;8#<%>�"7�7ز:وא�Fb,9ذ7א��mM7��FhوR7&7@'�@'ن7{"�mMFy>��Fh�<-:.<!?#�7�< F|��>XKل:�א�'@R7/�:1و7א��:�:C7&��7#� ��"<��1<�و��FyFu7א��F�7��>1و�FAFb�<-:.<!7��<�Ku7'7/7>�9ض>�&:�7 ?:'ن7>u7�٨١(}�و�(��א�!��' �

ªzfv kfvf hst, (zfmfslv jkGhA) zfbcokA. zk}iv pJb kfvf skfmfv dbje sKsj yst pfq, kJb vfsÛ kfslv ˆjlt kfvf pf hst (hf kcdm pf ht)


kfv dhivDk ivfmwG jsv. kfvf vfsÛ pf ivfmwG jsv zfïfr kf dtdihÝ jsv vfsJb. nckvfQ kcdm kfslv …si[f jv ˆhQ zfïfrv iadk Hvnf jv. zfv jmG-dhLfsb zfïfrƒ psKó.« (dbnf } 81)

zÎ W ufsrt stfsjvfW zsbj djYc hst Kfsj. bhD W k]fv WqfsvnoBsj kfW …si[f j'sv ytsk rq. mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw rt,


mCJGslvsj ˆdVsq yt.« (zf'vfI } 199) 7�>�:'ن�7א�XK<&�7%א��8+>�7%�9و�7<�7�د:{&��F�7��9ض<�FA�7'>��אfو7(9ذ7א��Fh�7G:-:.7��7ن'@�>f�7S�א�א'@��Fd��#�F�7�{� �

ªkfvfƒ ivm lqfmsqv lfn, pfvf ixdKhDsk bmaHfsh ytfsIvf jsv ˆhQ kfslvsj pJb zÎ hAdÙÁvf nsìfLb jsv, kJb kfvf hst, `nftfm'.« (Icvj¶fb } 63)

bDy W rDb msbv mfbcNvf hV mfbcNslv Û¢de Jc]su sisq kfv nmfstfybfq dtå rsq iaycv zfb¦l ifq. dj§Â ˆjub mCJG ˆjub ÎfbDv nmfstfybf jvst …si[f YfVf iK jD? ksjG mCsJGv jfsY sukf pfsh bf, oftfofdtsk mCJGƒ iaKm ²¿fb zdLjfv jvsh, hAhrfsv sn sYfestfjsjW rfv mfbfsh. zhwA zbA ÎfbDvfW kf zbcHh jsv ˆhQ mCsJGv mCJGfdm slsJ rfnA jsv. ˆƒ ubAƒ `bDy pdl …¤y HfsN, nchcdÝ …Vfq rfsn.'

dj§Â bDy W mCJG stfj ÎfbDv dhv¢sÝ iayfv yfdtsq dbsuv mCJGkf W shfjfdmsj zfsvf iadnÝ jsv.

`si]yf vfóº jdv slq sist sjfb Yckf, ufb bf zfmfv nfsK nCspGv wÛ¢kf?'

shfjfv nfsK ksjG uVfst dbsusj shfjf nfufsbf rq. kfƒ zfvhD jdh hstsYb,

�1��b�1 yא��klذא��)�*W'C�1א��`"�x)�%#�¦�b� �zKGf{, sjfb dbshGfL jKf htst kfv uhfh slsh bf. jfvB kfsj uhfh

slWqfv yfƒsk yci Kfjf …Ùm. kfv mfsb ˆƒ bq sp, nmfstfybfv Hsq zfdm zfmfv jkGshA diYif Kfjh,

db¦lfv Hsq zfdm jfu jvfƒ sYsV slh. zfv kfrst skf [f§À hcdVv dldl-wfwcVDv i]fy shfsbv mskf zh²¿f rsh.

ìfsY sjfb slfN Lsv db¦lcsj dbsu Kfsj kfvf stfrf-dn¦lcsj!'


zfv snef dj nýh? snef dj odkwDt uDhb? ydvÛhfb bv-bfvD ufsb, nfmfduj sjfb jfu bf jvst nmfstfybfv ifÛ

rsk rq bf. pk shdw t[A-dndÝv isK ˆsofshb, kkƒ nmfstfdyk rWqfv U]cdj hfVsh. msb rq nfItA W nmfstfybfv mfsU ˆjde spfonCÛ zfsY. nfItA pk shdw, nmfstfybfW kk shdw.

…dyk htfv ubA zfmfslv n{ nfrn Kfjf lvjfv. mfbcNsj Hq jvf zfmfslv …dyk bq. zisv zfmfslv n©isjG jD Hfsh, sn jKfW dy§Àf jvf …dyk bq. zfmfslv …sÜwA n{ rst zfïfr zfmfslv nfrfpA jvshb.

zfmfslv msb vfJf …dyk, dhwft nmcsû vfJfst ifKv mfvst nmcsûv jD pfq zfsn? …Ï¶t b[sÛ�dTt mfvst, sn dTt dj kfv ofsq tfso? ÎfbDv mfbrfdbv ubA zÎfbDv jcm§ÀhA dbkf§À znfv. kfsk ÎfbDv djYc zfsn pfq bf.

ncdIqfb nWvD hstb, `sp dbsusj dysbsY, kfv nìsá stfsjv nmfstfybf sjfb [dk jvsk ifsv bf.'

hV ncJD kfvf, pfvf stfsjslv nmfstfybf …si[f j'sv yst. Èv¢k¶ bf dlsq s[fH bf j'sv db¦lcsjv db¦lfsj kc¤YÎfb jsv.

jdh hstsYb, `pdl sjfb sYfe stfj

hV jKf jq sr, hV jKf jq, mrskv sÛÁfL jvf

jHc Hfstf bq sr, jHc Hfstf bq. mxso¦û smsOv bfsl

iadkbfl jsv sr, iadkbfl jsv, t[A bfdr jsv pdl

sIv¢ sFsj msv sr, sIv¢ sFsj msv.' ˆjde o¬i iadnÝ zfsY, ˆjlf stfjmfb rfjDm k]fv icÛ�nr�ˆjde ofLfv

disE ysV sjfKfW pfd¤Ystb. idKmsLA jkj stfj htsk tfot, `stfjef jk dbôcv! ˆjde ofLfv disE lc' lc'sef stfj.' ˆ jKf wcsb rfjDm sbsm r]fesk tfostb. djYc lCv isv zfsvf djYc stfj k]fslvsj slsJ hst …Et, `sYstde jk hV shzflh! hcsVfefsj r]fdesq dbsu nWqfv rsq pfs¤Y.' ˆ jKf wcsb sYstde sbsm ˆt ˆhQ rfjDm nWqfv rstb. zfsvf djYc lCv iv djYc stfj htsk tfot, `hcsVfdev jD zfsÄt! dbsu ofLfv disE ysV sYstdesj r]fdesq dbsq pfs¤Y.' ˆ jKf wcsb dkdbW ofLfv diE sKsj sbsm r]fesk tfostb. djYc isv zfsvf djYc stfj nmfstfybfv ncsv htt, `stfj lc'sef jD


shfjf! nsÌ�nWqfv Kfjsk ifsq sr]se iK ytsY!'�ˆ�hfsv rfjDm k]fv sYstsj htstb, `slJst hfhf! kcdm yfistW slfN, zfdm yfistW slfN, lc'usb yVstW slfN, sj… bf yVstW slfN. nckvfQ kcdm jfsvf jKfq jBGifk jsvf bf.' jfvB, stfsjv sJ]fef sKsj h]fyf jdEb. dbsuv dhshsj ndEj jfu j'sv pfWqf …dyk. `rfKD ytkf vsrof, jcÙf H]cjXkf vsrof.'

mrfb hAdÙÁsk¶v mrfbkfv zf¦lfu kJbƒ rq, pJb slJf pfq sp, dkdb k]fv nmfstfyjslvsj JcwD msb [mf j'sv dls¤Yb ˆhQ nkAƒ sjfb Hct Kfjst kf nQswfLb j'sv dbs¤Yb. mrfb dkdbƒ, dpdb k]fv nmfstfyjsj nflv nýfNB ufbfb, dpdb k]fv nmfstfyjsj …ijfvD dhshybf jsvb.

ˆjub mrfb dysÙv nmfstfdyk jdh dtsJsYb, `db¦lcsjsv hfdn zfdm nhfv sysq Hfstf, pco-ubsmv hác zfmfv zf]Lfv Osv zfstf. nhfƒ smfsv YfVsk ifsv, hác pfvf zfsY, db¦lcj sn Yfqfv mskf Kfjsh ifsY ifsY. dhw¶usb db}ö j'sv idhÛkf zfsb, nfLjusb db²Àfdvsk kfv mskf sj ufsb? dhbfmCstA mqtf Lcsq jsv idv°jfv, dhw¶ mfsU ˆmb lqft dmtsh sjfKf zfv? db¦lcj sn sh]sy Kfjcj dhw¶ drskv ksv, zfmfv zfwf iCBG rsh kfrfv jxif Hsv.'

� �zfk¹nmfstfybf

iaskAj mfbcsNv dHksv zfk¹nmfstfybf, zfk¹dhyfv W zfk¹ðdÝ Kfjf …dyk n¤ydvÛkfv zdLjfvD rWqfv ubA.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }��7�>"�\¦>�7G�71K�71(9ن�8א��Kא�א��'@R8/��7و7אr>��<;7#8�Fd��8#�\Ty7��<�@z!7�7�71وKא�א��'@R8/7#4�7%!:'א�א&>XK7��א�._&F$��7&

��א��)��١٨(}/�7>��7@'ن�7'�� ªsr dhw¶fdnoB! skfmvf zfïfrsj Hq jv. zfv iaskAsjƒ sHsh slJcj sp,

zfofmDjfstv (djqfmskv) ubA sn dj zdoam ifdEsqsY. skfmvf zfïfrsj Hq jv. dbÇyq skfmvf pf jv, zfïfr sn n©isjG zhdrk.« (rfwXv } 18)

dkdb zfk¹ðdÝv iadk …äcÝ j'sv hstsYb,


}��7f�Ku7�7#7%�زBF�bF$�<�Fd)٩�(�7f�8�77��7#7%�دG�<�Fd7و{)�١٠�(T��א��'�� ªsn nItjfm rsh, sp zfk¹fsj idvðÝ jvsh ˆhQ sn hAKG rsh, sp kfsj

jtcdNk jvsh.« (wfmXn } 9-10) …mfv dhb JfÙ¶fh � hstsYb, ª(mvsBv iv) skfmfslv drnfh sbWqfv iCshG

skfmvf dbsuslv drnfh bfW. skfmfslv zfmt Wub jvfv iCshG skfmvf dbsuvf Wub j'sv slsJ bfW. jfvB sp hAdÙÁ lcdbqfq dbsuv drnfh dbsu sbsh, kfv ubA djqfmskv drnfh rfîf rsq pfsh. spdlb skfmfslvsj siw jvf rsh ˆhQ skfmfslv djYcƒ sofib Kfjsh bf, sndlbjfv ubA skfmvf ncndÏk rW.« (dkvdmpD 2459, ƒhsb zfhD wfƒhf 34459bQ)

mfƒmCb dhb dmrvfb hstsYb, `hf¦lf ivsrpofv rsk ifsv bf, pk[B bf sn dbsuv drnfh oarB jsvsY; spmb sn kfv wvDsjv drnfh oarB j'sv Kfsj, kfv JflA sjfKf rsk zfnsY, kfv sifwfj sjfKf rsk ifs¤Y?' (dkvdmpD 2459bQ)

mfbcN zfk¹nmD[f jvst ififyfdvkf, zdk dhtfdnkf W zfk¹mcÊkf sKsj dhvk Kfjsk ifvsh. zfv kf rstƒ sn nrsu ydvÛhfb W Hû mfbcN rsq iadkôftfH jvsh nmfsu.

zfk¹dhyfv jvst mfbcN dbu msb mrfb zfïfrv kf'pDm zbcHh jvsh ˆhQ ivjft nìsá …lfnDbkf lCvDHCk rsh. zfv kf rstƒ sn zbfqfsn nlfyfvD rsq dhjfw tfH jvsh.

sp hAdÙÁ�isvv dYû zs¦hNB jvf sKsj dhvk Kfjsh, sn hAdÙÁ�dbsuv dYû nQswfLsb iaqfnD rsh. zfv sp dbsuv dYû zs¦hNB jvsh, sn isvv dYû zs¦hNB jvsk ifvsh bf. zfv snƒ rsh nc¦lv ydvsÛv zdLjfvD.

sp hAdÙÁ ivsj sYsV dbsuv slfN oBbf jvfq hAfixk rq, snƒ rq mfbcsNv mskf mfbcN.

ÎfbD mfbcN dbsusj dybsk syóf jsv. dj§Â dbsusj sybf zfnstƒ jdEb jfu.

sp mfbcN sysb, sn hV hcdÝmfb. dj§Â sp dbsusj sysb, sn nhsKsj hV hcdÝmfb.

mfbcN nhsysq shdw UoVf jsv dbsuv nfsK. ÎfbD mfbcN dbsuv mbsjƒ zdLj wfdnsq Kfsj. zfv sp mfbcN dbu msbv dhv¢sÝ tVfƒ jsv, snƒ rt …sïJspfoA mfbcN. snƒ rt nhGswaô mcufdrl.

mrfbhD � hstsYb,


)):�7 bF$�>ن�א�<.7�دF$�7�>f�7S:&�:�:x817:�א��y7��:7'7א�f7و.((� �ªöDq zfk¹f W jciahxdÙv dhv¢sÝ durfl rt mfbcsNv nhGswaô durfl.« (ƒhsb

bfÏfv, n} ufsm' 1019bQ) nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ�dbsuv nmfstfybf jvsk ifsv, snƒ nhGfsi[f shwD

hcdÝmfb. kfƒ ydvÛhfsbv …dyk, stfsj pJb kfv hfdrAj ÈBoafm slsJ iawQnf

jvsh, kJb dbsuv zfHA§ÀvDB Û¢de zs¦hNB W dhyfv jvf. pfsk sn kfv dbsuv sofib Û¢de nQswfLb j'sv dbsuv zfk¹fv jfsY dhw¶²À rsk ifsv. zfv kf stfsjv ‰ iawQnf sKsj hùÈB�…Ùm.

zfmvf susbdY, sp ²ÃDv jfsY Hfstf, sn nhfv yfƒsk Hfstf. jfvB sn kfv sofib zsbj kKA nìsá zbAfsbAv kctbfq shdw zhdrkf. zfv sp Hfstf ²ÃDv jfsY ydvÛhfb, kfv yfƒskW shdw hV ydvÛhfb snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp dbsuv nc²¿ dhshsjv dhyfsv ydvÛhfb. jfvB `msb ufsb ifi, zfv mfsq ufsb hfi.'

zfmfbk zflfq jvf

zfmfbk zflfq jvf mc'dmsbv lfdqk¶ ˆhQ zfmfbsk dJqfbk jvf mcbfdIsjv t[B. ˆƒ ubA ydvÛhfb mc'dmb zfmfbk zflfq jsv ˆhQ sn snƒ hAdÙÁvW dJqfbk jsv bf, sp kfv dJqfbk jsvsY. spsrkc mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�.�»�F}7��7G#7%>�/�7:%>�و�Fe7א�>7��F�9)�9%7#�F}7!7א�F$�FM7��7#Fد?«� �ªsp skfmfv jfsY zfmfbk svsJsY, kfv zfmfbk kfsj sIv{ lfW ˆhQ sp

skfmfv dJqfbk jsvsY, kcdm kfv dJqfbk jsvf bf.« (zfhC lf†l 3537, dkvdmpD 1264, lfsvmD, dmwjfk 2934bQ)

zfv spsrkc zfmfbk zflfq jvf n¤ydvÛkfv ˆjde mr{ ÈB, sp ÈsB ÈBfd¦hk rst zfïfr W k]fv vnCt �-ˆv Hfstfhfnf ifWqf pfq. vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb,

��3ق�:��G�ل��§��zb��2b'א��'��1و�א��C-�$ن�¼��'ن�u!��`-�(ن((�)).א�'א��+�%�و�،�א�#��Mو$دא��،�א��& �

ªpdl skfmvf iY¦l jv sp, zfïfr W k]fv vnCt skfmfslvsj Hfthfncb, kfrst dkbde ÈsBv drIfpk jv; 1. nkA jKf htf, 2. zfmfbk zflfq jvf ˆhQ 3. iadkshwDv nfsK näAhrfv jvf.« (dntdntfr nrDrfr 2998bQ)


htf hfùtA, ydvÛhfb mcndtm snƒ zfmfbsk dJqfbk jsv bf, pf kfv jfsY od¤Yk vfJf rq.

nvjfv, uboB hf sjfb iadkôfsbv zsKG sjfb iajfv dJqfbk jsv bf. yfjdv hf zdiGk sjfb lfdqk¶ iftsb zhsrtf jsv bf. vfuf rsq iaufv iadk, öfmD rsq ²ÃDv iadk, ²ÃD rsq öfmDv iadk, dikfmfkf

rsq n§Àfsbv iadk, n§Àfb rsq dikfmfkfv iadk, iaHc rsq HxskAv iadk, HxkA rsq iaHcv iadk jkGhA iftsb sjfb iajfv Û¢de jsv bf.

iaskAsjv iafiA zfmfbk iakAiGB jsv ydvÛhfb mcndtm. spsrkc kfv iadkiftsjv dbslGw,

�>�:-��و7(9ذ7א�$��F�9)��7.>�<fFא�o:/��>W��7��7#Fد_وא�$Fن�&u:�:#A7@->�א��71(9ن8{FC7+��7%< �:�'א��$Fن�א�!�8�س�7"��9@C<27/��8��א��71(9ن�8"<��7��>ل9>�>��-@C@z>�7&�>1>"�8ن�7א��71(9ن�Fu�� >��א�!��'��)��٥٨(}"�7<¦�א��7 �

ªdbÇyq zfïfr skfmfslvsj dbslGw dls¤Yb sp, zfmfbk kfv mfdtjsj iakAiGB jvsh. zfv pJb skfmvf mfbcsNv msLA dhyfv-jfpG idvyftbf jvsh, kJb bAfqivfqBkfv nfsK dhyfv jvsh. zfïfr skfmfslvsj sp …islw slb, kf jk …{jxó ! dbÇyq zfïfr nhGswafkf, nhGlaóf.« (dbnf } 58) �

…irfv dhdbmq zfsifsn …irfv-…isTZjb dhdbmq jvf ncydvsÛv ˆjde nc¦lv zfyvB.

spsrkc kfv mfLAsm ifv±idvj n©iaDdk nxdó rq. `n¹xdk dlsq h]fLf Kfsj iaDdk, iaDdk dlsq h]fLf Kfsj mb,

…irfsv h]fLf Kfsj iaDdk, kfƒ slWqf iasqfub.' mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))../727�"_'א�/7.7�د:وא((ªskfmvf …irfv dhdbmq jv, ifv±idvj n©iaDdk tfH jvsh.« (hcJfvDv

zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 594, zfhC qAf'tf 6148, nrDùt ufsm' 3004bQ) nf'h ƒhsb ufNXNfmfr � hstb, zfdm vfnCtcïfr �-sj (dwjfv jvf) ˆj

uQtD ofLf …isTZjb dltfm. dj§Â dkdb kf zfmfsj dIdvsq dlstb. kfviv dkdb zfmfv syrfvfq (dhNBkfv dyrÁ) slsJ htstb,

>{8�F�>�Ke9)�F��+:�:م\((�F�7��:�8�7:د��<-F��8�9).((� �ªzfmvf ƒrvfsmv zh²¿fq zfdY, kfƒ zfmvf ˆde skfmfsj dIdvsq dltfm.«

(hcJfvD 1825, mcndtm 2902bQ)


spsrkc ƒrvfm zh²¿fq dwjfv jvf W kfv sofñX JfWqf dbdNÝ, snsrkc mrfbhD � snƒ …isTZjb iakAfJAfb jsvdYstb. bsy{ dkdb jfsvf …isTZjb iakAfJAfb jvskb bf.

sp dudbn …irfsv slWqf rq, kfv iasqfub bf KfjstW kf dIdvsq slWqf …dyk bq. jfvB kfsk lfkfv mb sHsÌ pfq.

`skfmfq djYc slh hst yfq sp zfmfv mb, bfƒ hf skfmfv Kfjt iasqfub.'

dhdHâ …its[A …irfv dhdbmq ˆjde nc¦lv stfjfyfv. dj§Â kf stfsH idvBk rWqf hfÒbDq bq. zfsifsn iadkspfdokf W iadkäd¦äkfv mqlfb rWqf oarBDq bq. …irfsvv dhdbmsq sj… …irfv dlsk bf ifvst spb ydvÛhfsbv mb}[cB´ bf rq. …irfsvv stfsH shsY shsY sjht hVstfjslvsjƒ lfWqfk bf slWqf rq. nfmKGA zbcpfqD sp pf …irfv slsh, kf spb nflsv oarB jvf rq. bsy{ …irfv dhdbmq n©iaDdkv ufqofq dhsäN W OxBf nxdó jvsh. zfv sn jfu sjfb ydvÛhfb-yvdÛhkDv rsk ifsv bf.

� �ivfKGivkf

ivfKGivkf ˆjde nc¦lv ydvÛ, ˆjde nc¦lv zflwG. ˆsk zfsY ivm ncJ, ˆsk zfsY zfk¹kxdå. jdh hstsYb,

ìsvv jfvsB öfKG dlqf hdt- ˆ uDhb-mb njdt lfW,

kfv mk ncJ sjfKfW dj zfsY? zfibfv jKf Hcdtqf pfW.'

zhwA ˆ rt ivfKGivkfv ivfjfôf. bsy{ ƒntfm hst bf sp, kcdm dbsusj L¶Qn j'sv zivsj h]fyfW. dbsusj smfmhfdkv mskf u¶fdtsq zivsj zfstf lfW. dbsusj zfovhfdkv mskf u¶fdtsq zivsj ncodá dhkvB jv. hvQ ƒntfsmv bDdk rt, dbsu h]fsyf, zivsjW h]fyfW.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, ))Fe�7�7�7s�Fe7�7و��)).s<�7א �

ªjfsvf ubA zisvv sjfb iajfv [dk jvf ShL bq. sjfb lc'usbv ubA i»dkswfLmCtj iv±ivsj [dkoa²À jvfW ShL bq.« (zfrmfl 2865, ƒhsb mfufr 2340, 2341bQ)

ˆv ˆjef zKG rt, [dk jvh bf, [dkoa²ÀW rh bf. khcW …¤y mfsbv


ydvÛhfb mfbcN dbsuv öfKG kAfo j'sv zisvv …ijfv j'sv Kfsj. dbsuv mfsU djYc zncdhLf zfbqb j'sv zisvv ncdhLf jsv, dbsu djYc jó hvB j'sv zivsj zfvfsm vfsJ, dbsusj hnf sKsj hdÑk svsJ zivsj zfnb sYsV slq, dbsusj [cLfq svsJ zivsj idvkxå jsv.

zfhC ùvfƒvf � jkGxj hdBGk, ˆjlf ˆj hAdÙÁ zfïfrv vnCt �-ˆv smrmfb rsq ˆt. dkdb …©mct mcdmbDbslv jfsY djYc zfsY dj bf kf ufbsk yfƒstb. k]fvf htstb, k]fslv djYc ifdb YfVf Jfhfv djYc sbƒ. Ist dkdb sOfNBf j'sv htstb, ªsj ˆv smrmfb-sbWqfpD jvsh?« ˆ jKf ðsb zfbnfvslv ˆj hAdÙÁ htt, `zfdm, sr zfïfrv vnCt!' zk}iv kfsj dbsq hfdVsk dosq ²ÃDsj htt, `zfïfrv vnCt �-ˆv smrmfsbv Jfdkv jv.' ²ÃD htt, `dj§Â Osv skf hf¤yfslv Jfhfv mk Jfhfv YfVf zbA djYc sbƒ.' öfmD htt, `Jfhfv SkvD jv. hfdk u¶fdtsq lfW. zk}iv hf¤yfslvsj Ocm ifdVsq lfW!' mdrtf kfƒ jvt. zk}iv hfdk dEj jvfv Hfb jsv …sE hfdkefsj dbdHsq dlt. (dbqm rs¤Y smrmfsbv nfsK JfWqf. dj§Â Jfhfv dYt mfÛ ˆjusbv. Ist smrmfbsj sJsk zfslw jvt ˆhQ zájfsv) kfvf öfmD-²ÃDsk ˆmb Hfh iajfw jvt sp, kfvfW Jfbf Jfs¤Y! zkˆh kfvf …Hsq hf¤yfnr …ihfsn vfdÛ zdkhfdrk jvt! njft rst stfjde zfïfrv vnCt �-ˆv dJlmsk …id²¿k rst dkdb htstb, ªok vfsÛ skfmfslv …Hsqv jfà slsJ zfïfr srsnsYb.«

ˆƒ Oebfv siad[sk zhkDBG rsqdYt, }7%&>XKوא�و7א�: 8'7�7/�7� >.��7�7x��7f��<-9#�7%>��&:2<�_�'ن��Fd��7>�<.9->��#<�%��و7א�,�7Z9�ن��7א��8א�F�9)��F�7ون��7و:��>S7&��p�>b�

<->f9��8B:a�>1>�y7&:'ق�7وFu�<-9.>"�mM73�7�7G�%7#7�ن�7و��F�7��<-9.>�@y�F$�<'F�7وo:&7>�<�:ون�7$@و/:'א��3�M7x�7+�?#�8:�:وF}>~F�<و@AFb�:-:f�72:'ن>�y:��א��'��)��٩(}א� �

zKGf{, (mcrfduvslv zfomsbv iCshG) pfvf ˆ (mlDbf) bovDsk hnhfn jsvsY W „mfb ˆsbsY kfvf mcrfduvslvsj Hfthfsn ˆhQ mcrfduvslvsj pf slWqf rsqsY kfv ubA kfvf z§Àsv zfjf£[f sifNB jsv bf; zfv kfvf kfslvsj dbsuslv …iv iafLfbA slq dbsuvf zHfhoa²À rstW. pfvf jfiGBA rsk dbsuslvsj mcÙÁ jsvsY kfvfƒ nItjfm. (nCvf rfwXv 9 zfqfk, hcJfvD 3798, 4889bQ)

mrfb ydvsÛv ˆ rt nshGf¤y ipGfsqv bmcbf. sp bmcbf siw jsv mrfb zfïfrv jfsY k]fvf ns§ÀfNHfub rsqsYb ˆhQ mfbcsNv ƒdkrfsn rsqsYb iadnÝ.

mcndtmvf pJb mlDbfq ˆstb, kJb vfnCtcïfr � zfècv vrmfb dhb zfWI


W nf'l dhb vfhD'v msLA ëfkxk¶ ²¿fib j'sv dlstb. dkdb zfècv vrmfbsj htstb, `zfdm zfbnfvslv msLA nhsysq LbD. zfmfv mftLb lcƒHfso Hfo jsv zsLGj skfmfv vƒt. zfv zfmfv lcƒ ²ÃD, skfmfv spef iY¦l, zfdm snefsj kftfj dlsq slh. zk}iv kfv ƒÜk zdkhfdrk rst kcdm kfsj dhhfr jv!' (hcJfvD 3780bQ)

ˆv yfƒsk hV ivfKGivkf, öfKGkAfo kKf n¤ydvÛkf zfv djYc dj rsk ifsv?

ydvÛhfb zfk¹sjd¦ûj rq bf. sn ˆjf ncJ sisq ncJD rq bf. hvQ sn kfv ncsJ zivsj wvDj j'sv ncJD rq. zfv ˆ jKf dEj sp, dbsuv zfbs¦l zivsj zQwD jvsk ifvst zfbs¦lv mfÛf hxdÝ ifq. sp uDhb dbsuv jfsu tfso bf, sn uDhbsj isvv jfsu tfdosq zfbd¦lk rWqf pfq.

`zfk¹ncJ zs¦hNsB zfb¦l bfdrsv hfsv hfsv zfsn zhnfl,

ivfsKG sp jsv jmG dkdk OmG bDsv snƒ tsH ösoGv iafnfl.'

zá i[ifdkk¶ huGb

ydvÛhfb mcndtm sjht rj W nrDr ltDstv i[ifdkk¶ jsv. ˆ YfVf zbA sjfb dhNqsj sj¦û j'sv zá i[ifdkk¶ jsv bf.

slwok, HfNfok, ifdeG, lt hf ufmfzfkok, mprfhok, hQw, vM, hBG hf ufdkok sjfb zá i[ifdkk¶ jvf sjfb ydvÛhfsbv ydvÛ rsk ifsv bf.

mcndtmvf Hfƒ-Hfƒ. kfslv mfsU soZB dhNq dbsq sjfb sHlfsHl sbƒ. sHZodtj nDmfsvJf, ufkDqkfhfl, HfNf hf hBGsHl dbsq pfvf ³hNmA W dhsHl nxdó jsv, kfvf zfstm, lfqD hf zfsvf djYc rst rsk ifsv, dj§Â ncydvsÛv zdLjfvD rsk ifsv bf.

mrfb zfïfr sjht `kfj¶Wqf' hf ìvsrpofdv'sjƒ swaôsk¶v mfijfdE hst sOfNBf jsvsYb,

}�7&��7._&F$�:8�9��א�!8�س)�-@u�7!RF�7G�%?#��Fu7و7$@�=��7ذ�<-@u�7!�7�7x7و��"':�:a�7�>��7�Fd7א�و'@b7��$C7#7�uF@->�ن7�7>��9)8�7�!>��>1Kא��<-@u�FR</F$�8�71(9نKא��\- >�7��\¦>�7G{)�١٣�(��'��Wא�S�א� �

ªsr mfbcN! zfdm skfmfslvsj nxdó jsvdY ˆj icv¢N W ˆj bfvD rsk, isv skfmfslvsj dhHÙÁ jsvdY dhdHâ ufdk W sofsÛ, pfsk skfmvf ˆsj zisvvv nfsK idvdyk rsk ifv. skfmfslv msLA ‰ hAdÙÁƒ zfïfrv dbje zdLj


mpGflfn©iâ sp zdLj zfïfr-HDv¢. zfïfr nhdjYc ufsbb, nh djYcv Jhv vfsJb.« (ùucvfk } 13)

zfïfrv dbje mpGflf W …{jxókfv mfijfdE ˆmb hQw, sofÛ W zfdHufkA bq, pf oarB jvf sjfb mfbcsNv ˆJdkqfsvƒ sbƒ, hvQ mfijfdE rt zfïfr-HDv¢kf; pf zhtìb jvf mfbcsNv ƒ¤Yf W ˆJdkqfvHcÙÁ.

mrfbhD �-ˆv sOfNBf rt, ))�7&��7._&F$�:א�!8�س��F�F$�89ن)�<-@C8"7�>�F�F$��F��7��و7א+<�\�$u�7"F@->�و7(9ن�8و7א+<�\� Fb�p>"7�7�>��F�7��p�>�7S7��F�7و�p>�7S7�>��F�7��p>"7�7��F�7�7�7و�<+FA>��F�7��77د'<�F$��F�77د�7و'<�F$��F�7��7�7�<+F$��K�9)�i7'R8��>"((....� �

ªsr stfj njt! swfsbf, skfmfslv iadkiftj ˆj, skfmfslv dikf ˆj. swfsbf, zfvhDv …iv zbfvhDv ˆhQ zbfvhDv …iv zfvhDv, jxòjfsqv …iv sw¶kjfsqv ˆhQ sw¶kjfsqv …iv jxòjfsqv sjfb swaôk¶ W mpGflf sbƒ. swaôk¶ W mpGflf zfsY skf sjht `kfj¶Wqfv' jfvsBƒ.« (zfrmfl 23489 , ðzfhct „mfb hfƒrfj¶D 5137bQ)

äDblfv stfsjvfƒ iajxk mpGflfv zdLjfvD, yfsr kfslv hBG pfƒ srfj, slw pfƒ srfj, hQw pfƒ srfj. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

7 ><��fF$�p>��7(9ن8(("�>�e:o��7f�78.:��->�&7��7و>ن�F$��F�<وF$�،9�7א�!��8�سT< ��F�7و�،F}>�7X��Fu�8�7(9نp>��7 �#<��!>F$�:-@Cو>�<�)).א��:R8@'ن7 �

ªzfmfv idvhfsvv stfj msb jsv, Wvf zfmfv shdw Odbôkm. zKy skfmfslv msLA zfmfv shdw Odbô rt ivsrpofv stfsjvf. (k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv 241, ƒhsb drêfb 647, dptftct ufâfr 212bQ)

�)).Fu��:'א<<<<�و7+7 > :�Fu��:'א�%7#>�א��:R8@'ن�p>"�7א�!8�سF$�9و>��F(9ن8(( �ªdbÇyq zfmfv nhsysq dbjehkGD mcÙfj¶DboB; kfvf spƒ srfj, spJfsbƒ

Kfj.« (zfrmfl 22052, n} ufsm' 2012bQ) ncydvÛhfb …lfv rq, sn sjfb hAdÙÁ-dhswsNv zái[ifdkk¶ jsv bf, sjfb

lt-dhswsNv zá kvIlfdv jsv bf. spsrkc kfv dbje Kfsj ƒntfm W ƒbnfsIv jdóifKv.


Hfstf jfsu nrspfdokf

ncydvÛhfb mfbcN Hfstf jfsu zisvv nrspfdokf jsv. sjfb m¦ljfsu sjfb iajfv nrspfdokf jsv bf. spsrkc mrfb iadkiftsjv dbslGw,

��7a<&�:��א��71(9ن�8א��71و7א/R8@'א�و7א��:�>و7אن�9א]��F�7��9-<�9/7�7�و�7:'א�و�Fe7و7א��i7'R8א�½?��F�7و7�7/7�و�7:'א{>��FR>��٢(}א�(��א��' �

ªn{ jfu W zfk¹nQpsm skfmvf iv±iv nrspfdokf jv ˆhQ ifi W nDmftQOsbv jfsu ˆsj zsbAv nfrfpA jsvf bf. zfv zfïfrsj Hq jv. dbÇyq zfïfr wfd²Àlfsb zdk jsEfv.« (mfdqlfr } 2)

nckvfQ ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢Nsj slJshb, kfvf iaskAj n{jfspG nfrfpA jvfv ubA zfoarD Kfsj. äDblfvDv jfsu skf hseƒ, lcdbqflfvDv ³hL jfsuW nrspfdokf j'sv Kfsj.

zfhC pfvG � hstb, ˆjlf zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt � sjfbX zfmt nshGfÙm?' dkdb htstb, ªzfïfrv iadk dhÇhfn ²¿fib jvf W kf]v isK durfl jvf.« zfdm httfm, `sjfbX softfm (jxklfn) öfLDb jvf nshGfÙm?' dkdb htstb, ªsp kfv mfdtsjv lxdósk nhGswaô W zdLj mCtAhfb.« zfdm httfm, `pdl zfdm ˆ nh (jfu) jvsk bf ifdv.' dkdb htstb,

�))�./:�<�:�F$��>��73و>�/G77>��:]7!<�7>�7ق�7((� �ªkcdm sjfb jfdvosvv nrspfdokf jvsh zKhf zjfdvosvv jfu j'sv

slsh.« zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb htcb, pdl zfdm (ˆv) djYc jfsu

z[m rƒ (kfrst jD jvh)?' dkdb htstb, ªkcdm mfbcsNv …iv sKsj skfmfv m¦lsj dbhxÙ jv. kfrst kf rsh skfmfv i[ sKsj skfmfv dbsuv ubA nfljfröv™i.« (hcJfvD 2518, mcndtm 260bQ)

zisvv nrspfdokf jvf mc'dmsbv ydvÛ ˆƒ ubAƒ sp, sn zivsj nfrfpA jvst, mrfb zfïfr kfsj nfrfpA jsvb. zfïfrv vnCt � hstsYb,

)):1Kو7א��>b�9ن7#�7��א�7��>�<��7'>ن�Fu�:�<�7��א��>b�91<��7'>ن >GF$.((...� �ªzfïfr k]fv hf¦lfv nrfq Kfsjb pk[B hf¦lf kfv Hfƒsqv nfrfspA

Kfsj.« (zfrmfl 7427, mcndtm 7028, zfhC lf†l 4948, dkvdmpD 1425, ƒhsb mfufr 225, nrDùt ufsm' 6577 bQ)

mfbcN ˆjf öqQn©iCBG rsk ifsv bf. mrfb iadkiftsjv nfrfspAv iv


nfmfduj nfrfspAv mcJfsi[D sn. mrfbhD � hstsYb, �))��7 <�7"�:1: 7�ن�9&�7:�_�"�7><!:��Fu�9%>#<o:��:%>#<o@א�.((� �

ªˆj mc'dmb ziv mc'dmsbv ubA zÕfdtjfv bAfq, pfv ˆj zQw zbA zQwsj muhCk j'sv vfsJ.« kfviv dkdb (hcUfhfv ubA) kf]v ˆj rfskv zfÌctÈdtsj ziv rfskv zfÌctÈdtv If]sj Tcjfstb. (hcJfvD 481, mcndtm 6750bQ)

nrspfdokf jvsk rsh, ksh slsJ-ðsb, sHsh-hcsU. bsy{ zbAfq W zn{ jfsu sjfb iajfv nrspfdokf jvf pfsh bf. ifdvwadmj dbsq bf, bf dbsqW bf.

nckvfQ ydvÛhfb ˆmb yfjdv jsv bf, sp yfjdv jvfsk sjfb zShL W m¦l jfsu nrspfdokf rq.

ˆmb hAhnf jsv bf, pfv mfLAsm sjfb rfvfm JfWqfsbfsk nrspfdokf rq zKhf dbdNÝ sjfb jsmG sjfb iajfv nrspfdokf rq.

ˆmb HfVf hf mucv Jfse bf, pfsk rfvfm sjfb hAhnf hf jsmG nrspfdokf rq.

dbsuv ofdV, hfdV hf zbA djYc ˆmb jf…sj HfVf slq bf, sp kf sjfb iajfv zbAfq hf rfvfm jfu jvsk hAhrfv jvsh.

ˆmb jf…sj ‡Blfb jsv bf, sp kfv efjf sjfb rfvfm jfu hf hAhnfq hAhrfv jvsh.

nrmdmGkf

mrfb ydvsÛv zdLjfvD bv-bfvD isvv jsó jó ifq, isvv zfbs¦l zfbd¦lk rq. zfnst mcndtmvf skf ˆjde zÕfdtjfv ƒenmCsrv mskf. „mfbD dnsms¦ev sufVfq ˆsj zivsj muchk j'sv vfsJ. mc'dmbvf ˆjde slsrv njt zsÌv mskf. ˆjde dhjt rst zbAdeW [dkoa²À rq. ˆjde hAKf sist njt zÌ snƒ hAKfsk wvDj rq.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, �))��\'< �:��:1�<!>#��FC7�<a�7<�(9ذ7א�א��F7#=��7:�א��،�<-.>y@h�7�7/7و�<-.>�7#=�7:�א�@o>#<!�7/��7'7אد?f<->�و/7�7א+:

�8� ))./7�7א�7��:1F��7��<�:�א��7�F<�"<��9�7.8وא�@ªmc'dmbslv zfsifsnv msLA ˆsj zisvv iadk n©iaDdk, lqf W mfqf-

mmkfv …lfrvB (ˆjde) slsrv mskf. pJb slsrv sjfb zÌ iDdVk rq, kJb kfv ubA nfvf slr zdblaf W u¶sv zfÛÁf§À rq.« (hcJfvD 6011, mcndtm 6751bQ)�


pJbƒ swfsb, zmcj nIt rsqsY zKhf zmcj yfjdv sisqsY zKhf zmcj iaKm ²¿fb zdLjfv jsvsY, kJbƒ sn kfv JcwDsk JcwD rq.

zfv pJbƒ sn swfsb, zmcj znIt rsqsY zKhf zmcsjv yfjdv yst sosY zKhf zmcj sIt jsvsY, kJbƒ sn kfv lc}sJ lc}dJk rq.

sj… nIt rst kfsj nf[f{ jsv smfhfvjhfl W hjGskv lczf slq. sj… znc²¿ rst kfsj nf[f{ j'sv nf§À¶bf W zfsvfsoAv lczf slq. nfsLA

jctfst kfv dydj{nfv hAh²¿f jsv. sj… dhiloa²À rst kfsj slJf j'sv nmshlbf ufbfq. sj… mfvf sost kfv ufbfpfq zQwoarB jsv. i[f§Àsv zfk¹sjd¦ûj, drQncj W ivwaDjfkv stfsjv ydvÛ dEj ˆv

dhivDk. sn jfsvf ncsJ JcwD rq rq bf, iv§Â lc}sJ nmhAKD rq bf, JcwD rq. stfsj hst, `lqf-mfqf ˆhQ jv¢Bf nrsuƒ stfrfv Iej dlsq iashw jsv

bf.' ˆ jKf sjfb ncydvÛhfb mcndtsmv s[sÛ iaspfuA bq. nckvfQ mc'dmsbv nmhAKD rb, zfibfv zKG äfvf, il W mpGflf�äfvf, ³ldrj

dJlmk�äfvf, nlcislw W n{ivfmwG äfvf, nf§À¶bf W lczf äfvf. zfv Ofsqv …iv mtm tfofsk bf ifvst kfsk bcsbv dYef dlsq jfsvf p§ÃBf hxdÝ jvshb bf.

drkfjfd£[kf

mc'dmbvf Hfƒ-Hfƒ. ˆsj zisvv jtAfBjfmD rq njstƒ. ˆsj zsbAv ðHfbcLAfqD rq mcndtm …©mfr. iv±iv drkfjf£[D rq ydvÛhfb njt mfbcN. `njstv ksv njst zfmvf, iaskAsj zfmvf isvv ksv'---ˆƒ jKfv iadk sJqft svsJ iaskAj äDblfvƒ iaskAsjv mÌt zfwf jsv.

ˆjlf bhD � htstb, ªäDb rt jtAfB jfmbf jvfv bfm.« nfrfhfoB htstb, `jfv ubA?' dkdb htstb,

))>1�>��>1>"�7>C>�7و�7<��7:'�<1<�و�>M8��)).و7�7�8#<.9->�א�@�>�<�<��7و��7< �ªzfïfrv ubA, kf]v djkfshv ubA, kf]v vnCstv ubA, mcndtmslv

wfnjslv ubA ˆhQ mcndtm ubnfLfvsBv ubA. (mcndtm 205bQ) ufvDv ƒhsb zfècïfr � hstb, `zfdm vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv dbje bfmfp

jfsqm jvf, pfjfk slWqf W njt mcntmfsbv ubA drkfjf£[D rWqfv …iv hfqzfk jsvdY.' (hcJfvD 57, mcndtm 208bQ)

ydvÛhfb nhGlf isvv ubA kfƒ iY¦l jsv, pf dbsuv ubA jsv ˆhQ dbsuv


ubA pf iY¦l jsv bf, kf isvv ubAW jsv bf. spsrkc ˆmb iY¦l-ziY¦l jvfef „mfb idviCvj jmG. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))�>1>�y7!>��_�2:&��7#�>1 >GF��8�>2:&��87+�<-@u:�7+$�:%>#o:&�Fe.((� �ªkk[B ipG§À skfmfslv sj… iajxk „mfblfv rsh bf; pk[B ipG§À bf sn

kfv Hfƒsqv ubA kfƒ iY¦l jvsh, pf sn dbsuv ubA iY¦l jsv.« (hcJfvD 13, mcndtm 45, ƒhsb drêfb 235bQ)

`zfib Yfot sh]sL vfdJ, isvv Yfot rfkkfdt dl.' `zfib shtfq yfib-syfib, isvv shtfq UcvUcsv mfib.' `zfibfv sYstde Jfq ˆkde, shVfq spb Efjcvde. isvv sYstef Jfq ˆkef,

shVfq spb h]flvef.' `zfibfvef Tfjf Kfj, isvvef dhdjsq pfj.' `zfibfv shtfq z]fden]fde, isvv shtfq l]fk jifde.' `zfibfv shtfq i]fy jVfq oàf, isvv shtfq dkb jVfq oàf.' ìsvv dO sist, ialDsi slq sTst.' ìsvv sYst ivmfb¦l, pk …¤Ysâ pfq kk zfb¦l.' ìsvv stsu if iVst kcstf ifbf sEsj, dbsuv stsu if iVst j]Afj j'sv

Ffsj.' dj§Â bf. iajxk mcndtm rsk rst nc¦lv W snZubAmCtj hAhrfv ialwGb jvsk

rsh mfbcsNv nfsK. pf dbsuv jfsY diaq, ufbsk rsh, kf zisvv jfsYW diaq ˆhQ pf dbsuv jfsY zdiaq, kf zisvv jfsYW zdiaq. isvv hAfifsv Hfhsk rsh, sn pdl zfmfv ufqofq rk, kfrst zfdm dbsuv ubA jD yfƒkfm. ˆjde nc¦lv …islsw vfnCtcïfr � zfhC ùvfƒvf �-sj dbslGw dlsq hstdYstb,

))9k8/9م�7א��727��7��و7א�>ض�7א�!8�سC7/�7�7�<�F$�9@%>�א�>"��7-7��Fd��:1�Kא��F}�F��<%�@C7/��7!|F$��9א�!�8�س��<%>��<+F$7و��F�9)�FJ9��7x�<%@C7/��!>#<o:#�8�>+F$72<��_��#7��<�!8�س�9و:/��F}>��y7!>��<%�@C7/��>�<��:#��F�7و��<��>=C:/��F}>28 ��Fb��F�7��<=Fu,9ن��8א��>28 ;:�{<א�>�:/�7��FR�א((� �

ªdbdNÝ W rfvfm dudbn sKsj sh]sy Kfj, kfrst kcdm mfbcsNv msLA nh sysq hV zf'shl (ƒhflkjfvD) oBA rsh. zfïfr pf skfmfsj dlsqsYb, kfskƒ idvkcó Kfj, ksh kcdmƒ mfbcsNv msLA nh sysq hV LbD rsh. iadkshwDv iadk zbcoar jv, kfrst kcdm ˆjub (Jf]de) mc'dmb dhshdyk rsh. mfbcsNv ubAW kf-ƒ iY¦l jv, pf kcdm dbsuv ubA iY¦l jv, kfrst kcdm ˆjub (Jf]de) mcndtm oBA rsh. zfv Jch shwD rfnsh bf, jfvB, zdLj rfdn z§Àvsj smsv sIst.« (zfrmfl 8095, dkvdmpD 2305bQ, nrDùt ufsm 4580, 7833bQ)


zfdm yfƒ, stfsj zfmfsj waÝf jv¢j, kfrst zfmfv …dyk, stfjsj waÝf jvf.

zfdm yfƒ, stfsj zfmfsj zn©mfb bf jv¢j, kfrst zfmfv …dyk, stfjsj zn©mfb bf jvf.

zfdm yfƒ, stfsj zfmfsj Hfstfhfncj, kfrst zfmfv …dyk, stfjsj Hfstfhfnf.

zfdm yfƒ, stfsj zfmfsj OxBf bf jv¢j, kfrst zfmfv …dyk, stfjsj OxBf bf jvf.

zfdm yfƒ, zfmfv smsqv dhsq dhbf isB srfj, kfrst zfmfv …dyk, iB bf dbsq zfmfv sYstv dhsq slWqf.

zfdm yfƒ, zfmfv smsq w¶ðvhfdVsk ncsJ Kfj, kfrst zfmfv …dyk, zfmfv h…mfsj ncsJ vfJf.

ˆƒHfsh iaskAj jfsu isvv zncdhLf hcsU, kfsj dbsuv ufqofq svsJ dhyfv W hAhrfv ialwGb jvsk rq ydvÛhfbsj. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

...))<%7#�8�7+F$�<نF$�7¢7v<+7v:&�9%7��9� A7�Fb�:1:8/<1<�א�FM8!7S�وG<�7&7:��7א�!8�>!7#�7':f7و�:%>#<o:&��>1�K��>"��9�7'>م �و7א�9�>Gא��>WA7 >F$��7/<o:&�>1ن>�&:2<�_�א��i>XKא�!8�س��F�9)�9و7�F�9).((...� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ iY¦l jsv sp, sn slfpJ sKsj db²Àfv tfH jsv shsrsñ iashw jvsh sn hAdÙÁv ubA …dyk, spb kfv mxkcA kfv jfsY snƒ nmq zfsn, sp nmq sn zfïfrsk W ivjfst „mfb vfsJ. zfv stfsjslv nfsK snƒv™i hAhrfv jsv spv™i hAhrfv sn dbsuv ubA iY¦l jsv.« (mcndtm 4882bQ)

`dbu iadk hAhrfv zfwf jv sp iajfv, jvr isvv iadk snƒ hAhrfv.'

� �iv±iv …islw dhdbmq

mc'dmb mc'dmsbv Hfƒ. mc'dmbf mc'dmbfv shfb. kfvf ˆsj zsbAv ubA zfqbf öv™i. ˆsj zsbAv Û¢de nQswfLsb iaqfnD rq. ˆsj zisvv ncsJ ncJfbcHh jsv. ˆsj zsbAv jsó jófbcHh jsv. dhisl nf§À¶bf slq W ³LspGv kfjDl lfb jsv ˆhQ ˆsj zbAsj nskAv ivfmwG slq, rsjv zdnqk jsv, …ijfvD …islw lfb jsv.

nfvf dhsw¶v njt mfbcN [dkoa²À rstW …ÙÁ swaBDv ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢N hV tfHhfb Kfsj.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,


א�73'>א�"<��k72�?��و7א�7��>�9،�(9ن�8א]�>�7�ن�Ke9)�،�<�:G�p>yF��7א�XK<&7#4�7%!:'א�و7�7�<�@'א�א��W�72>��8<�و7/7'��7{ ]א��[�}و7/7'7א73'>א�"<��8>�9

zKGf{, mrfjfstv wiK. mfbcN zhwAƒ [dkoa²À. dj§Â kfvf bq, pfvf „mfb zfsb W n{jmG jsv ˆhQ iv±ivsj nskAv …islw slq. zfv …islw slq ³LpG LfvsBv. (nCvf zfnXv)

„mfbsyfv isjemfsvv zHfh sbƒ lcdbqfsk. pfslvsj dbsq wqkfsbv hfufv hV nvovm. ëójfvD dIkbf spb iCBGoafn nCpGoarsBv bAfq nfvf ixdKhDsj oafn j'sv svsJsY. rj-hfdkstv dhëfse isV mcndtm nvt iK ycAk rs¤Y. ncswfHbjfvD hfdkstv ymsj idKsjv iK Hct rsq pfs¤Y. ˆƒ nmq ncydvÛhfb hác rjiK ialwGb j'sv hácsj dIkbf sKsj v[f jsv. dhswN …islw dlsq kfsj ëókfv isK spsk hfLf slq.

dhil pJb Odbsq zfsn. mrfb iadkiftsjv ivD[f pJb mc'dmbsj ivD[f jvsk yfq.

zfib pJb iv rsq pfq. wpAfndÌbD ²ÃD pJb wÛ¢sk idvBk rq. uDhb-spZhsbv zdLjfvD öfmD pJb Hfstfhfnfv h]fLbrfvf rq. n§Àfb W zfibub pJb öfsKGv ksv lCsv nsv pfq. zkAfyfvDv zkAfyfsvv yfhcj pJb …¦mcÙÁ disE hfvhfv zfOfk rfsb. iafjxdkj lcspGfo rfbf dlsq pJb Lbub nrfq-nìt nh djYc sjsV sbq. hAhnfq [dkoa²À rsq pJb mfbcN sl…dtqf rsq pfq. ‡sB uuGdvk rsq pJb Jfdt Kstv mskf …sE l]fVfsk ifsv bf. wfvDdvj znc²¿kf W svfo-p§ÃBfq pJb uDhb zdkô rsq WsE. mfbdnj iDVf W iadkjCt idvshswv iDVb pJb dió jsv. vfuSbdkj sjfb NVXps§Ãv dwjfsv idvBk rsq pJb zbAfqHfsh wfd²ÀsHfo

jvsk rq. drQncsjv drQnf-dhN pJb uDhb-p§ÃBf hxdÝ jsv. uDhb-kvDv dhivDk mcsJ pJb nmcûhfqc iahfdrk rq. kJb mrfb iaHcv zfwaq YfVf zfv jD Kfjsk ifsv? zk}iv ˆjub

ydvÛhfb db}öfKG hác YfVf ˆsrb lc}sJ-swfsj zfv sj nf§À¶bf dlsk ifsv? sp hác ifsw hsn nfrn slq, lCsv sKsj iashfL lfb jsv, ˆn-ˆm-ˆn j'sv

wfd§Àv hfBD siavB jsv. sp hácv …{nfrlfsb mxkcAwpAfq wfdqk sKsjW bkcb j'sv h]fyfv ƒ¤Yf


suso WsE. tkfv mskf Hc]sq oVfodV sJsq sp hácv zhtìb sisq icbvfq …sE l]fVfsk

nfrn rq. ˆmb hác sjfb zfdKGj nfrfpA bf jvsk ifvstW, mfbdnj nrspfdokf jm

djYc bq. rsjv zdnqk, ³LspGv zdnqk. n{Hfsh h]fyfv siavBf.�

zfïfrv Wqfs²À Hfstfhfnf W OxBf jvf ncydvÛhfb mfbcsNv ˆjde mr{ ÈB rt, sn jf…sj hf sjfb djYcsj Hfstfhfsn,

kJb sjht mrfb zfïfrv Wqfs²À Hfstfhfsn, k]fv n§Âdó tfsHv zfwfq Hfstfhfsn, zfv pJb jf…sj hf sjfb djYcsj OxBf jsv, kJb sjht mrfb zfïfrsjƒ vfdu-JcwD jvfv ubAƒ OxBf jsv.

pJb jf…sj Hfstfhfsn, kJb ˆƒ ubA Hfstfhfsn sp, kfsj mrfb zfïfr Hfstfhfsnb zKhf sn mrfb zfïfrsj Hfstfhfsn. zfv pJb jf…sj OxBf jsv, kJb ˆƒ ubA OxBf jsv sp, mrfb zfïfr kfsj OxBf jsvb zKhf sn mrfb zfïfrsj OxBf jsv.

pJb sjfb dudbn hf jfusj Hfstfhfsn, kJb ˆƒ ubA Hfstfhfsn sp, kf mrfb zfïfr Hfstfhfsnb. zfv pJb sjfb dudbn hf jfusj OxBf jsv, kJb ˆƒ ubA OxBf jsv sp, mrfb zfïfr kf OxBf jsvb.

jfvB ˆ rt „mfb idviCBGkfv t[B, iCBG „mfblfv mfbcsNv jmG. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))<%7#��Fl<�F$�>1K�>��7]7!7#71<�وK�>��8�7+F$71<�وK�>��7�7r<"F$7و�K�>�>1�7BFC<�F$71<�وK�>��<�FRFb�7�7�C7<7��17:�א�Z9).((� �ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfrv n§ÂdótfsHv …sÜswA djYc lfb jsv, djYc slWqf rsk dhvk

Kfsj, jf…sj Hfstfhfsn zKhf OxBfhfsn ˆhQ kf]vƒ n§ÂdótfsHv jKf sJqft jsv dhhfr slq, kfv „mfb iCBGfÌ „mfb.« (zfrmfl 15617, 15638, dkvdmpD 2521, rfsjm, hfƒrfj¶D, n} dkvdmpD 2046 bQ)

„mfsbv háb zfk¹Dqkfv hásbv zsbj †sL¶G. zfk¹DqkfsjW dhyfv jvsk rsh „mfsbv jdóifKsv. sp zfk¹Dq zfïfrsj yfq bf, sn zfk¹Dqsj mc'dmb yfƒsk ifsv bf. kfƒ ˆmb n©iaDdk W dhsäN jfsqm jvfv jfu rt „mfsbv muhck rfkt. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

)):k7و�$�i7�:��@�e7א':��א� �و7א��:r>�:��א��p�>b��،>1�Kو7א2�:�_�א��p>b�،>1Kو7א��:�7�د7א�@�א��p>b�،>1Kא]7Z9�ن9p>b�>1Kא��((.� �


„mfsbv nhyfƒsk muhck rfkt rt, zfïfrv Wqfs²À háck¶ ²¿fib jvf, zfïfrv Wqfs²À wÛ¢kf�²¿fib jvf, zfïfrv Wqfs²À Hfthfnf vfJf ˆhQ zfïfrvƒ Wqfs²À OxBf sifNB jvf.« (k¶fhfvfbD 11372, dntdntfr nrDrfr 998, 1728bQ)

lchGtkm „mfsbv lfhD rt m¦lsj m¦l ufbf, m¦lsj OxBf jvf, ms¦lv iadkhfl jvf. m¦l lCv jvfv êfW ˆj iÝdk. kf bf j'sv pdl

`ˆj rfsk smfv sjfvfb wvDI mslv o½fn zbA rfsk,

icBA-ifsiv n{-znskv slfd²À nmfb zfmfv nfsK.'

ˆƒ vDdk rq, kfrst kfv „mfb sp hkGmfb zfsY, kfv dbÇyqkf sjfKfq? mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��>1>��FR>�Fb�<]>l7<�7&�<-F��<ن,Fb�،�>1>��7�>�>�Fb�<]>l7<�7&�<-F��<ن,Fb�،�>�>�7 >"�:�<�? 7r: �Fbא��FC<!:#�<-@C<!>#�i$7��<%7#�)).،�و7ذs$�F}>�7>��7:�א]7Z�ن�9 �

ªskfmfslv msLA sp hAdÙÁ sjfb odrGk jfu slJsh, sn spb kf dbu rfk äfvf idvhkGb j'sv slq. pdl (kfsk) [mkf bf vfsJ, kfrst dbu duH äfvf ( …islw dlsq idvhkGb jsv). pdl (kfskW) nfmKGA bf vfsJ, kfrst z§Àv äfvf (OxBf jsv). zfv ˆ rt nhsysq lchGt „mfb.« (zfrmfl 11074, mcndtm 186bQ, zfnrfsh ncbfb)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, ))�7#�<%>#��>�7��:17=7�7"�:1Kא��>b�@$�M8#��>�<�Fd�Ke9)�7ن�Fu�:1F��<%>#�>1>8#@$��79&_�'ن��&X�:GA7:ون��7و3F$7>�72��\��+7'7א�\�"FA>"�8-:��7.8�9)�:�@�<�7/�<%>#�<->f>�<�7#>��9<�و�7R7&7:ون�7"<�:!8<1<'@�:G�7ن'@�'@R7&��7#�Fe�7�7@'ن�y7&�7�7@'ن�y7&77��و#�Fe��o:&�<%7>#�7:ون7Fb�<-:f7�7f�7x�>">�>�7 �7':.Fb�\%>#<o:#�<%7#7و�<-:f7�7f�7x�>1>��7�>�>"�7':.Fb�\%>#<o:#�<%7#7و�<-:f7�7f�7x��>1�>��FR>"�7':.Fb�\%>#<o:#�7T< F�7�7و�7א��)).�7G>د7ل�+M8�7@�א]7Z9�ن�9#<%�7ذ�F}>�7و7 �

ªzfmfv iCshG zfïfr sp sjfb bhDsj sp sjfb …©mskv mfsU ifdEsqsYb kfslv msLA kf]v (djYc) nrspfoD W nryv rskf. kfvf kf]v ncâskv …iv zfmt jvk ˆhQ kf]v zfslswv zbcnvB jvk. zk}iv kfslv isv ˆmb zilfKG stfj nxdó rq sp, kfvf pf hst, kf jsv bf ˆhQ kfvf kf jsv, pfv zfslw kfslvsj slWqf rq bf. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ kfslv dhv¢sÝ dbu rfk äfvf nQoafm jvsh sn mc'dmb, sp hAdÙÁ kfslv dhv¢sÝ dbu duH äfvf nQoafm jvsh sn mc'dmb ˆhQ sp hAdÙÁ kfslv dhv¢sÝ dbu z§Àv äfvf durfl jvsh sn mc'dmb. zfv ˆv iv ndvNfv lfbf idvmfBW „mfb sbƒ.« (mcndtm 188bQ)


htf hfùtA, háck¶ jvf W hufq vfJfv s[sÛ, uDhb-nfKD ˆJdkqfv W lf©ikA háb zece vfJfv s[sÛ ˆhQ zfk¹Dqkfv háb muhck jvfv s[sÛ ydvÛhfb pdl ˆƒ bDdk zhtìb jsv, kfrst sn ncJD rq, lcdbqfsk W zfsJvfsk.

nkjGkfv dhNq sp, pdl sjfb bfvD-icv¢sNv Hfstfhfnf zfïfrv Wqfs²À rq, dj§Â kf iajfw jvf zShL rq, kfrst kf sofib vfJfƒ Wqfsuh. pfsk z§Àv Yfdisq shv rsq ˆsn zidhÛkfv blGmfq isV dkdbƒ zn§Âó rsq bf pfb, p]fv Wqfs²À snƒ Hfstfhfnfv nxdó.�

n{ jfsu zfslw W zn{ jfsu hfLflfb

ncydvÛhfb sp rsh, iajxdkokHfsh zKhf ³bdkjHfsh sn jcydvÛkfsj OxBf jvsh. sbfQvf jfu rsk slJst sn hfLf slsh, kf lCv jvfv syóf jvsh. r]Af, sn iaskAj mcndtm bv-bfvDv zdHHfhj. ösOfdNk bq, mrfb naófv sOfNBf zbcpfqD sn njstv zdHHfhj. dkdb hstsYb,

:.:->�و7א��:W�7!>#<o:�و7א��:o>#<!:'ن7{ <�7"��7 �א��:!�7��9��FC%��9و7&7!>.�7'>ن��7"<��7>�:و�<��&A�7#:�:ونF$��<�7"��7و>�<�:'ن7 >R:&7و�F�F�8ن7و�7א��':/<o:&�F��Fu8vن�7א�':� >l:&71:�א��71وF�':�7��7>+7�:.:-:�$@و>��F}>~Fو7 ��v�&9v7\��א��71(9ن�8א��7��:1\- >C7+{)�٧١�(��'��M"'`א��

ªdhw¶fnD icv¢Nvf W dhw¶fnD bfvDvf rs¤Y iv±iv ˆsj zsbAv zdHHfhj, kfvf n{ jfsuv zfslw slq ˆhQ zn{ jfsu dbsNL jsv. zfv pKfpKHfsh bfmfp zflfq jsv W pfjfk ialfb jsv, zfv zfïfr W kf]v vnCstv zfbcokA jsv. ˆnh stfsjv iadkƒ zfïfr zdk nk¶v jv¢Bf hNGB jvshb. db}ns¦lsr zfïfr zdkwq [mkfhfb, drjmkWqftf.« (kfWhfr } 71)

zfv mrfbhD � hstsYb, �))��7 >"�:�<�? 7r: �Fbא��FC<!:#�<-@C<!>#�i$7��<%7#��>1>��FR>�Fb�<]>l7<�7&�<-F��<ن,Fb�،�>1>��7�>�>�Fb�<]>l7<�7&�<-F��<ن,Fb�،�>�>�

�)).،�و7ذs$�F}>�7>��7:�א]7Z�ن�9 �ªskfmfslv msLA sp hAdÙÁ sjfb odrGk jfu slJsh, sn spb kf dbu rfk

äfvf idvhkGb j'sv slq. pdl (kfsk) [mkf bf vfsJ, kfrst dbu duH äfvf (…islw dlsq idvhkGb jsv). pdl (kfskW) nfmKGA bf vfsJ, kfrst z§Àv äfvf (OxBf jsv). zfv ˆ rt nhsysq lchGt „mfb.« (zfrmfl 11074, mcndtm 186bQ, zfnrfsh ncbfb)

zhwA drjmskv nfsK W sjZwst sn jfu jvsk rsh. bsy{ kf jvsk dosq zsi[fjxk hV dIkbf nxdó jvf ydvÛhfsbv t[B bq.


zfïfrv dlsj lfWqfk

zfïfrv isK lfWqfk slWqf n¤ydvÛkfv ˆjde t[B. jfvB sn nxdóv mÌt yfq. sn ufsb ˆj zfïfrv iadk ndEj dhw¶fn W ndEj ƒntfm zhtìb YfVf mcdÙÁv sjfb iK sbƒ. zfv snƒ zfwQjfq zmcndtm W bfmnhGö mcndtmslvsj ndEj ƒntfsmv dlsj zfrhfb jsv. kfslv iadk lqfiChGjƒ nskAv dlsj zfrhfb jsv. kfsk kfv sjfb ifdKGh öfKG Kfsj bf. zfv sn ubAƒ kfv jKf W jmG rq nhGswaô. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

�<��p>!8�9)�7%>#�7وFd7�ل73�7��<�2��و7�7�<��7א��F�9)�>1Kد7�7��#?�F$��<'Fd�%8+>�7%:�و%7#7>{>�<�:��)��٣٣(}א� �ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfrv iadk mfbcNsj zfrhfb jsv, n{jfu jsv ˆhQ hst,

`zfdm skf zfk¹nmiGBjfvD (mcndtm)' kfv zsi[f jKfq …Ùm zfv sjfbX hAdÙÁ?« (rf-mDm nfulfr } 33)

mfbcsNv iadk lqf ialwGb n¤ydvÛkfv ˆjde mr{ ÈB, mfbcsNv drkfjf£[D rWqf ydvÛhfb mfbcsNv zbAkm t[B. ˆmb mfbcN yfq, njt mfbcN zfïfrv djkfh jcvzfb iVcj, jcvzfb dwJcj. zfv kfƒ sn kf dw[f slq, dw[f slWqfv hAh²¿f jsv. sn ubAW sn rq nhGswaô mfbcN. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))�:17�K�7�74ن�7و<�@R��7א-K�7�7/�<%7#�<-@u:�< 7G.((� �ªskfmfslv msLA nhGswaô hAdÙÁ snƒ, sp dbsu jcvzfb dwsJ zivsj dw[f

slq.« (hcJfvD 5027-5028bQ) ydvÛhfb sjht dbsusjƒ h]fyfq bf, sn zivsjW h]fyfsk syófhfb rq. sn

öfKGiv bq, sn isvv idvÛfsBv ubA dbsuv wam, hcdÝ W jKfsj jfsu tfofq. dhw¶mfbhkfv wfd§À W nfIstAv ubA dbvtn iasyófq mrfb naóf W k]fv dhLfsbv iadk mfbcNsj ndbhGá zfrhfb ufbfq.

ydvÛhfb mfbcN ufsb, `zfibfsv tsq dhhak vdrsk zfsn bfƒ sjr zhbD isv, njstv ksv njst zfmvf

iaskAsj zfmvf isvv ksv.'�zfmvf spmb dhw¶wfd§Àv ubA iv±ivsj nrspfdokf jvh, skmdb dyvwfd§Àv

ubAW ˆsj zbAsj iKialwGb jvh nÎfsb W ncsjZwst. zfv zfïfrƒ kWIDjlfkf W drlfqfkjkGf.


drjmk zhtìb

`drjmk' wsèv zKG sjZwt hf iaÎf. drjmk rt ƒtsmv mfJb. drjmk zhtìb jvf mfsb } iaskAj dudbnsj kfv psKfipcÙÁ ²¿fib jvf. drjmk zhtìb jvfv zKG rt } iaskAj jfsuv ndEjkfv bfoft ifWqf. drjmk zhtìb jvfv mfsb rt } jKf W jfsu ndEjkf W zflh hufq

vfJf. sj… pdl dbsuv nfk hYsvv sYstsj bfmfspv ubA mfsv, kfrst sn

`rfjDm' (iaÎfhfb) bq. jfvB bfmfp bf iVst kfsj lw hYv hqsn mfvfv ùjcm zfsY. dbÇyq sn yfND `rfjDm' bq, sp Int ifjfv zfsoƒ sjse sIst. sn FfÙÁfv `rfjDm' bq, sp svfo dbBGq bf jsvƒ dydj{nf jsv.

drjmk mfsb ncâfr. drjmk zhtìb jvfv mfsb rt jKf W jfsu ncâfr zhtìb jvf.

drjmk zhtìb jvfv mfsb rt } iaskAj rjlfvsj kfv rj ialfb jvf. sjfb dhNsq nDmf tQOb bf jvf. iaskAj mfbcNsj kfv pKf mpGflf ialfb jvf. nmq rWqfv iCshG sjfb dudbn sisk kfVfùVf bf jvf. sjfb jfsuv IttfsH wDOakf bf jvf. sjfb jfusj pKfnmq rsk didYsq bf slWqf. nkAis[, pfv drjmk zfsY, sn zsbj jtAfsBv zdLjfvD. mrfb zfïfr

hstsYb, 7 >��א�Fu=<¦�א{G�7p>/و@$�<�FRFb�FM7�C>2��7אW<o:&�%7#7و��7%�&7�7�#�FM7�C>2�א�p>/o:&{)�٢٦٩�(��Rא��'��

zKGf{, dkdb pfsj ƒ¤Yf iaÎf lfb jsvb, zfv pfsj iaÎf ialfb jvf rq, kfsj dbÇyq iaHCk jtAfB lfb jvf rq. (hfj¶fvfr } 269)

ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢N ytfv isK drjmk zhtìb jsv. mrfb zfïfr lfWqfskv isK drjmk zhtìb jvsk hstsYb,

}:%7�<+F$�7p>f�p>K��>"�-:.�>7�دx7و�>M7!7�72�א�>MFz>�<'7��M7<�و7א�C>2��>"�F}?"7��9� �)��١٢٥(}אد>ع:�(�7��>�9< �zKGf{, kcdm mfbcNsj skfmfv iadkiftsjv isK zfrhfb jv drjmk W

nlcislw äfvf ˆhQ kfslv nfsK zfstfybf jv …Ùm iÝdksk. (bfrt } 125)


ksh dwjG slsJ yci Kfjf drjmk bq. zbAfq slsJ mcsJ jctci slWqf zKhf zbAfsqv nfsK zfsifn jvf drjmk bq. drjmskv nfsK zbAfsqv iadkhfl jvf, kfsk n[m bf rst z§Àv dlsq OxBf jvf zfhwAj.

dwð WNcL zflsvv nfsK bf sJst smsvW JfWqfsk rsh. dj§Â smsv sItst skf rsh bf. ksh drQna iafBDsj h]fdysq vfJsk rsh nfhLfsb.

`LmG jKf siasmv hfBD ufdb mrfb …¤y Jch, dj§Â�nfsiv l]fk bf sHsÌ�m§Ã�UfsV sp shjch. hAfOa nfsrh drQnf YfV, iVsh ˆsn shlf§À, jq pdl Yfo tfI dlsq hfO zmdb rsh jxkf§À. Kfjsk hfsOv l§À bJ dhIt Hfƒ ‰ siam-nhj.'�

mqtf pdl Lcst bf pfq, smsu-Osn idv°jfv jvsk rsh. kfskW bf rst zfOfk dlsq kf kctsk rsh. mqtf stfrfv uQ rst bf rq rfkcdVv zfOfk mfvshb, dj§Â j]fsyv …iv rst kf jvsk ifsvb bf.

bDdkhfb W ydvÛhfb zájfvsj ofdt slq bf. spsrkc drjmk rt, hfdk u¶fdtsq slWqf. ofdt W tfdE sjfbdlb ltDt-iamfsBv jfu jvsk ifsv bf.

lcwmb pdl lcwmdb dlsq zfibfv n©mcJDb rq, kfrst zfidb drjmk dlsq kfv smfjfdhtf jv¢b. susb vfJcb, zfsho W sufw dlsq bq, hvQ dhy[Bkf W ù]w dlsq idvd²¿dkv nfmft dlsk rsh.

ovm ovm sJsk sost mcJ icsV pfq, ˆjec Efàf rst sJsk rq. zfÈb dlsq zfÈb dbHfsbf pfq bf. kfv ubA iasqfub ifdbv. ÎfbD rt snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp kfv lcsef svfsov msLA spef shwD mfvfk¹j snefv

dydj{nf zfso jvfq. ˆjde stfsjv ndlG, ifqJfbf rWqfv iv pdl kfsj nfsi jfse, kfrst FfÙÁfv nfsi jfefv dydj{nfƒ zfso jvshb.

ˆjde stfj ifdbsk sFfhf sKsj …Ýfv ifWqfv ubA pdl zfibfv dlsj rfk hfVfq ˆhQ kfv rfsk snfbfv zfQde Kfsj, kfrst snfbfv zfQde hAhrfv rfvfm Iskfqf dlsq nmq bó bf j'sv kfsj zfso rfk Lsv sesb kcst …Ýfv jv¢b.

ufbftf dlsq rfWqf Tcsj …sV pfWqf jfouÈdt skftfv zfso ufbftfef há jv¢b.

sp hAdÙÁ lcde ifdJsj ˆj nsÌ dwjfv jvsk yfq, sn lcdesjƒ rfdvsq hsn. nfhLfbD stfj jJsbf kfv nm²À dFmÈdtsj�ˆjde Lfmfsk vfsJ bf. mfKf Lvst mfKfv hAKf jDHfsh nfvsh, sn hAh²¿f jvfefƒ hcdÝmfsbv jfu.


mfKfefsj sjse sItf hcdÝmfsbv jfu bq. zdodwJf oob-ycdì rst zdolmbjmGDvf dwJfv …isv ifdb YVfq bf. hvQ

zdov …{n²¿st ifdb YVfq. ncydvÛhfsbvf bDdkhfb rq. kfvfƒ ifsv dhsw¶ wfd§À iadkôf jvsk. mfbcNsj ydvÛhfb hfbfsk ncmrfb ydvsÛv zdLjfvDv ˆjde drjmk t[A

jv¢b. zfhC …mfmf � hstb, ˆjlf ˆj pchj zfïfrv vnCt �-ˆv dbje …id²¿k

rsq htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb zfmfsj hAdHyfv jvfv zbcmdk dlb!' ˆ jKf ðsb stfsjvf kfsj Lmj dlsq htt, `Kfsmf, Kfsmf! (ˆ jD htY

kcdm?)' dj§Â mrfbhD � kfsj htstb, ªzfmfv jfsY ˆsnf.« sn k]fv jfsY ˆsn hnst dkdb k]fsj htstb, ªkcdm dj dbu mfsqv ubA kf

iY¦l jv?« sn htt, `bf, zfïfrv jnm! zfïfr zfmfsj zfibfv ubA jcvhfb jv¢b.' dkdb htstb, ªkfrst stfsjvfW skf kfslv mfsqslv ubA kf iY¦l jsv bf.« zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªkfrst kcdm dj skfmfv smsqv ubA kf iY¦l jv?« sn htt, `bf, zfïfrv jnm! zfïfr zfmfsj zfibfv ubA jcvhfb jv¢b.' dkdb htstb, ªkfrst stfsjvfW skf kfslv smsqslv ubA kf iY¦l jsv bf.« zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªkfrst kcdm dj skfmfv shfsbv ubA kf iY¦l jv?« sn htt, `bf, zfïfrv jnm! zfïfr zfmfsj zfibfv ubA jcvhfb jv¢b.' dkdb htstb, ªkfrst stfsjvfW skf kfslv shfsbslv ubA kf iY¦l jsv bf.« zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªkfrst kcdm dj skfmfv IcIcv ubA kf iY¦l jv?« sn htt, `bf, zfïfrv jnm! zfïfr zfmfsj zfibfv ubA jcvhfb jv¢b.' dkdb htstb, ªkfrst stfsjvfW skf kfslv IcIcslv ubA kf iY¦l jsv bf.« zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªkfrst kcdm dj skfmfv Jftfv ubA kf iY¦l jv?« sn htt, `bf, zfïfrv jnm! zfïfr zfmfsj zfibfv ubA jcvhfb jv¢b.' dkdb htstb, ªkfrst stfsjvfW skf kfslv Jftfslv ubA kf iY¦l jsv bf.« zk}iv dkdb kfv hcsj rfk vfJstb ˆhQ kfv ubA lczf j'sv htstb, sr

zfïfr! kcdm Wv sofbfr mfI jsv lfW, Wv r™lqsj idhÛ jsv lfW ˆhQ Wsj hAdHyfv sKsj v[f jv.

hBGbfjfvD hstb, zk}iv snƒ pchj zfv hAdHyfsvv dlsj ë™s[iW jsvdb. (zfrmfl 22211, k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv 7679, hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb 5415, dntdntfr nrDrfr 370bQ)


…{jxó äfvf m¦l iadkrk jvf�

sj… zkAfyfdvk rst zkAfyfsvv hltf sbWqf kfv ubA ³hL. ksh n¤ydvÛkfv lfhD rt dHâ. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

7 ?~��M7و7v7x7א�{��mM7~? 7��7.@�<=?#�<%7�Fb��Fy7��7BF�<3F$7و�:�:�<xFAFb��F�7��>1K18�9:�א��)��F��_�>2:&�7�>�>��Kzא�{�� ªms¦lv iadkIt zbcv™i m¦l. zfv sp [mf j'sv slq W zfsifn-db°idÙ

jsv kfv icvõfv zfïfrv dbje zfsY, dbÇyqƒ zfïfr nDmftQObjfvDslvsj iY¦l jsvb bf.« (wCvf } 40)

�<=>�d�7�Fb�9<�:'א��Fd�7>:->�و7(9ن>{>"��7#�-:<�>d':��>1>"�%>~F�7�7�73�7>/:->�و':.F��\�< 7G�7%&�>"�8��N�{)�١٢٦�(� �ªpdl skfmvf iadkswfL oarB jv, kfrst dEj kkJfdb jvsh pkJfdb

zbAfq skfmfslv iadk jvf rsqsY. zfv pdl skfmvf SLpGLfvB jv, kfrst zhwAƒ SLpGwDtslv ubA snefƒ …Ùm.« (bfrXt } 126)

`wsE wfEAQ nmfysv{'---ˆ bDdk ƒntfsmv bq. sjfb ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢sNv ˆmb bDdk zhtìb jvf …dyk bq.

ˆj hAdÙÁ lCv nIsv sost kfv hdBj hácv jfsY ˆj hfÆ öBGsmfrv zfmfbk svsJ pfq. hdBj kfv zbcid²¿dksk kf slsJ stfH nQhvB bf jvsk sisv snÈdt shv j'sv sbq ˆhQ kfv ufqofq dikstv smfrv svsJ slq.

hác ˆsn hfÆ sIv{ dbsq slJt, kfv zfnt smfrv sbƒ. hdBjsj htstW sn zöDjfv jvt ˆhQ htt, `kcdm spHfsh pf svsJ soY, kfƒ zfdm skfmfsj sIv{ dlsqdY.'

hác slJt, tfH sbƒ. nckvfQ iadkswfsLv …ifq J]cusk háck¶ bó bf j'sv zfsvf hfdVsq dlt.

ˆj nmq hdBj kfv ˆj djswfvD smsq-nr kfv hfdV shVfsk ˆsn svsJ sjfKfW sot. sjZwst sn smsqdev sifwfj W ztQjfv Jcst dbsq zbA sifwfj idvsq dlt. zk}iv ˆj hfbvDsj djswfvDv sifwfj idvsq vfJt.

hdBj smsqsj dbsk ˆst sn hfbvDv ldV rfsk Ldvsq dlt. zhfj rsq sn htt, `ˆ jD? zfmfv smsq jƒ?' hác htt, `kcdm spHfsh pf svsJ soY, kfƒ zfdm skfmfsj sIv{ dlsqdY.'

hdBj vfofd¦hk rsq mfmtf jvt. zflftsk dhyfvsjv nfmsb hác htt, `spHfsh zfmfv snfbfv smfrv dikstv smfrsv idvBk rsqsY, snHfshƒ hdBsjv djswfvD smsq hfbvDsk idvBk rsq sosY.'


zk}iv hAfifv Jcst htst njstƒ zfnt dudbn dIsv sit. hj W dwqfst háck¶ rt. dj§Â sn hácsk¶ zf§Àdvjkf dYt bf. ˆjlf yftfj

dwqft hjsj lfWqfk dlsq Kftfq sUft idvshwb jvt. kfviv hácsj sJsk hst dbsu sJsk ðv¢ jvt. dj§Â hj kfv tìf sE]fe dbsq sn sUft sJsk n[m rt bf. zimfb shfL j'sv hfnfq dIsv ˆt.

zk}iv sn ˆjdlb dwqft hácsj lfWqfk dlt. snW sUft idvshwb jvt. dj§Â mfdev j]csu. Ist sn kfv tìf sE]fe iashw jdvsq sJsk tfot ˆhQ hácsj sJsk htt. dj§Â hácv mcJ kfsk iashw jvfsk ifvt bf ˆhQ sn kfv zimfsbv iadkswfL sit.

ˆƒ swaBDv zfyvB j'sv rqskf dhi[sj dw[f slWqf pfq. dj§Â khcW kfsk vsqsY wEkfv nmfyvB. pf ˆjub ydvÛhfsbv ubA swfHbDq bq.

i[f§Àsv zfyvB pdl sbrfkƒ sbfQvf rq, kfrst dbÇyqƒ sbfQvfdmv smfjfshtfq sbfQvfdm jvf pfq bf. iadki[ zw½Dt zfyvB jvst kfv dhdbmsq zw½Dt zfyvB jvf pfq bf.

nckvfQ ydvÛhfb ofdtv hlst ofdt slq bf, iadkswfL dbsk dosq dbsuv ydvÛ Jfvfi jsv bf.

lcÇydvÛhfb öfmD smsq slsJ shVfq hst ncydvÛhkD ²ÃD kfv iadkswfsL sYst slsJ shVfq bf.

lcÇydvÛhkD ²ÃDv hqsüà zfsY hst ncydvÛhfb öfmD kfv iadkswfsL oftGsüà oarB jsv bf.

ˆjusbv ydvÛ sbfQvf hst zivub iadkswfL dbsu dbsuv ydvÛsj sbfQvf jsv bf.

wvDdj hAhnfq wvDj ycdv hf dJqfbk jsv hst iadkswfsL ziv wvDjW dbsuv ncydvÛsj bó jsv bf.

hvQ …ÙÁ njt s[sÛ ˆhQ klbcv™i zbA s[sÛW ydvÛhfb hst, `kcdm zLm, kf hdtqf zfdm …Ùm rƒh bf sjb?'

mrfbhD �-ˆv dbslGw rt, �.�»�F}7��7G#7%>�/�7:%>�و�Fe7א�>7��F�9)�9%7#�F}7!7א�F$�FM7��7#Fد?«� �

ªsp skfmfv jfsY zfmfbk svsJsY, kfv zfmfbk kfsj sIv{ lfW ˆhQ sp skfmfv dJqfbk jsvsY, kcdm kfv dJqfbk jsvf bf.« (zfhC lf†l 3537, dkvdmpD 1264, lfsvmD, dmwjfk 2934bQ)

lcÇydvÛhfsbv iadkswfsL kfv zbcv™i sjfb zfyvBƒ ydvÛhfb jsv bf. spsrkc sn ufsb sp,


`jcjcsvv jfu jcjcsv jsvsY jfmV dlqfsY ifq, kf hst jcjcsv jfmVfsbf djsv mfbcsNv swfHf ifq?'

bf, smfseƒ bf. zhwA iadkswfsL jcjcvsj iarfv jvf pfq hf zbA wfd²À slWqf pfq.

dj§Â sp s[sÛ wfd²À dlsk dosq msbv zfÈb iawdmk rWqfv ²¿st däÈB rsq u¶st WsE, sn s[sÛ [mf ialwGbƒ …Ùm jfu. spsrkc zfÈb dlsq zfÈb dbHfsbf pfq bf. Ifqfv-dhasosFv jmGDvf zfÈb dlsq zfÈb dbHfq bf. sn s[sÛ ifdb hAhrfv jvst zfÈb dbhGfdik rq. …{jxó dlsq m¦l iadkrk jvst nmCr jtAfB tfH rq. mrfb zfïfr kfv zfslw dlsq hstsYb,

}<]Fb<אد�p>K��>"�7p>f�:%7�<+F$�FM7~? �א�o#!'ن��'��)��٩٦(}&y>�7@'ن�7"<�F�<�F$��7-:��27>%:�א��8 �ªkcdm Hfstf äfvf ms¦lv mcjfdhtf jv. kfvf pf hst, zfdm sn nìsá

ndhswN zhdrk.« (mc'dmbCb } 96) [mfwDtkf ialwGbiChGj Hfstf dlsq m¦l iadkrk jvfv bDdk zhtìb

jvst wÛÁ hácsk idvBk rq. ˆ jKf sJfl nxdójkGfv. dkdb hstsYb, }�F�7�7>7'��9و/�@M7!7�72�א��F�7و�@M7~? 1�7:��"7 >!��F}�7א�Fb��>XK,9ذ7א�$�p>K��>"�7p>f�:%7�<+Fאد>Fb[>�א��8!< ��7��7אو��m�7و7"7:18�FAFu�¹p>�7و�\- >� -�+7¤�ذ:و�(7f�KRF�:&��K�9��#7�و�7�73�7:وא�א�7f�KRF�:&��K�9)�7%&>XK��و�٣٤�(�7#7(+7>z7�{)�٣٥�(� �

ªHft W m¦l nmfb rsk ifsv bf. …{jxó äfvf m¦l iadkrk jv; kfrst pfslv nfsK skfmfv wÛ¢kf zfsY, sn rsq pfsh z§ÀvÌ hácv mk. ˆ ydvsÛv zdLjfvD sjht kfvfƒ rq pfvf SLpGwDt, ˆ ydvsÛv zdLjfvD kfvfƒ rq pfvf mrfHfoAhfb.« (rf-mDm nfulfr } 34-35)

ˆmb ydvÛhfb mrfHfoAhfb ³LpGwDtslv ubA vsqsY ðH idvBfm ˆhQ kfslv däÈB icvõxk jvf rsh. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}7%&>XK�7�73:وא�و7א��7�r><"1<�א<x77"?.9->�و��8��وRFy�F$7@�'א��א��F�F�8و�FdF$7�#:'א��>#��<-:f��7!d77ز� M�7��<��א��>�F�7�7و�:ون7 7��א��'��)��٢٢(}א��8א�F��7�R:��9.:->�$@و>��F}>~Fא��8 ?~M7!7�72��>"�FM7<�و�7&7> �

ªpfvf kfslv iadkiftsjv mcJm×t (lwGb hf n§Âdó) tfsHv ubA ³LpG LfvB jsv, bfmfp nciadkdôk jsv, zfdm kfslvsj sp uDhsbfijvB dlsqdY, kf rsk sofisb W iajfswA hAq jsv ˆhQ pfvf Hft äfvf m¦lsj iadkrk jsv, kfslv ubA ðH idvBfm (ivjfstv oxr).« (vf'l } 22)

}F}>~F�<�7'>ن��7$@و/<o:&��-:f7��<xF$��9%< 7/8��8#��7�:ون�7��73��7:وא��"< 7��7زf��7!d7:->��و#7<��8��א��8 ?~M7!7��72��>"��FM7<��و��7&7>��)��٥٤(}&:!R>y@'ن7'��¶�Rא��


ªWslvsj lc'hfv icvõxk jvf rsh, jfvB Wvf ³LpGwDt ˆhQ Hfstfv äfvf m¦lsj lCv jsv W zfdm Wslvsj sp uDhsbfijvB dlsqdY kf rsk hAq jsv.« (j¶fn¶fn¶ } 54)

ˆde ˆjde hV jdEb jfu, sj… zfibfv nfsK lchGAhrfv jvsh, zfv zfidb kfv nfsK näAhrfv jvshb! sn zfibfv Ov HfMsh, zfv zfidb kfv Ov hfdbsq slshb! sn zfibfv hlbfm sosq shVfsh, zfv zfidb kfv ncbfm ofƒshb! sn zfibfv hAKfv nmq rfnsh, zfv zfidb kfv hAKfq nmhAKD rsq sj]sl shVfshb! sn zfibfsj sYfht mfvsh, zfv zfidb kfsj lcL-jtf JfWqfshb!

sjfb ˆj nmq jdhv mskf sosq shVfshb, ªzfmfv ˆ Ov HfdMqfsY sphf, zfdm h]fdL kfv Ov, zfib jdvsk j]fdlqf shVfƒ sp smfsv jsvsY iv. sp smfsv jdvt isKv dhhfoD ; isK isK zfdm dIdv kfv tfdo ; lDOt vubD kfv ksv ufdo Ocm sp rsvsY smfv ; zfmfv ˆ Ov HfdMqfsY sphf, zfdm h]fdL kfv Ov. zfmfv ˆ jCt HfdMqfsY sphf zfdm kfv jCt h]fdL, sp sosY hcsjsk zfOfk rfdbqf kfv tfdo zfdm j]fdl ; sp smfsv dlsqsY dhN-Hvf hfB, zfdm slƒ kfsv hcjHvf ofb ; j]fef sisq kfsv Ict jdv lfb nfvfde ubm Hv, zfib jdvsk j]fdlqf shVfƒ sp smfsv jsvsY iv. smfv hcsj sphf dh]sLsY zfdm kfv hcj Hdv, vdMb Icstv snfrfo-uVfsbf Ict-mftÑ Ldv. sp mcsJ sn dbEcdvqf hfBD, zfdm tsq nJD kfdv mcJJfdb, jk E]fƒ rsk jk dj sp zfdb, nfufƒ dbv§Àv, zfib jdvsk j]fdlqf shVfƒ sp smfsv jsvsY iv.«

r]Af, zfidb ifvshb. jfvB zfidb sp ydvÛhfb, zfidb sp r™lqhfb. zfv zfibfv zflwG mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))<�>3�<%7#�F}7�FlFd�>�<�F$77%>�و#�F}7#7�7+�:�<8%>�و7א��7��F}7�F�F¬.((� �ªskfmfv nsÌ sp zfk¹Dqkf dYâ jsvsY, kcdm kfv nfsK kf hufq jv,

skfmfsj sp hdÑk jsvsY, kcdm kfsj ialfb jv ˆhQ sp skfmfv iadk


zbAfqfyvB jsvsY, kcdm kfsj [mf j'sv lfW.« (zfrmfl 17452, rfsjm 7285, k¶fhfvfbD 14258, hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb 8079, dn} nrDrfr 891bQ)

))<�>3�<%7#�F}7�FlFd�<%>�<+F$7و��F�)�<%7#�7��7�F$�F}< F�)�9�@d7�8وkF�א�<'F�7و��F�7��F}>�y7�.((� �ªkcdm kfv nfsK ncn©ijG ucsV yt sp skfmfv nfsK kf bó jvsk yfq, kfv

iadk näAhrfv jv sp skfmfv nfsK lchGAhrfv jsv ˆhQ rj jKf ht; pdlW kf dbsuv dhv¢sÝ rq.« (ƒhsb bfÏfv, nrDùt ufsm 3769bQ)

zfnst sn mfbcN ydvÛhfb bq, pfv nfsK nlfyvB jvf rst dhdbmsq sn nlfyvB jsv. kfv nfsK Hfstf hAhrfv jvf rst kshƒ sn Hfstf hAhrfv jsv. kfsj dlsk ifvst kshƒ sn nc¦lv hAhrfv ialwGb jsv. sjht lfsbv dhdbmsqƒ iadklfb slq.

hvQ zfnt ydvÛhfb sn, sp ˆv dhivDk jvsk ifsv. pfv nfsK znlfyvB jvf rstW sn kfv nfsK nlfyvB jsv. kfv nfsK lchGAhrfv jvf rstW sn Hfstf hAhrfv jsv. kfsj dlsk bf ifvstW sn nc¦lv hAhrfv ialwGb jsv. sjht lfsbv dhdbmsqƒ iadklfb slq bf, hvQ lfb bf sistW lfb dlsq Kfsj.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, �))��7.F�7371:�و:�>+7��<;7�FlFd9ذ7א�)��>XK�8%א�'7א3<��7א�>C�7و�،�¾>b�FC@��>"�:�>3�7א�'7אT< F�.((� �

ªsnƒ hAdÙÁ n©ijG hufqjfvD bq, sp n©ijG hufq jvfv dhdbmsq hufq jsv. hvQ iajxk n©ijG hufqjfvD rt snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp sj… kfv nfsK n©ijG dYâ jvst sn kf jfsqm jsv.« (hcJfvD 5991bQ)

dlst ifWqf pfsh---ˆ bDdk hV iafyDb. djYc bf sistW dlsq pfh, djYc dlst djYc ifWqfv zfwf jvh bf---ˆ bDdk hV dyv§Àb. zfv sj… zfmfsj hdÑk jvstW zfdm kfsj dlsq pfh, sj… zfmfv nfsK lchGAhrfv jvstW zfdm kfv nfsK näAhrfv jvh---ˆ bDdk zdk mr{. ˆmb bDdkv zbcnfvDv ubA vsqsY mrf iadklfb.

zfhC ùvfƒvf � hstb, ˆj hAdÙÁ htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfv djYc zfk¹Dq zfsY, zfdm kfslv nfsK zfk¹Dqkf hufq vfdJ, zfv kfvf dYâ jsv. zfdm kfslv nfsK näAhrfv jdv, zfv kfvf zfmfv nfsK lchGAhrfv jsv. kfvf jó dlst zfdm nrA jdv, zfv kfvf zfmfv nfsK mCsJGv zfyvB jsv.' dkdb htstb,


ªpdl kf-ƒ rq, kfrst kcdm spb kfslv mcsJ ovm Yfƒ dbs[i jvY


(zKGf{, ˆ jfsu kfvf sofbfrofv rq.) ˆhQ skfmfv nfsK zfïfrv i[ sKsj kfslv dhv¢sÝ nfrfpAjfvD Kfjsh; pk[B ipG§À kcdm ˆv …iv zbV Kfjsh.« (mcndtm 6689bQ)

zkˆh jdEb rstW ydvÛhfsbv ˆ zflwGsj zfibfv uDhsbv zfyvB hfdbsq dbb,

`sp skfmfsj Ffsj bf sr kfsv kcdm Ffsjf Ffsjf, skfmf rsk lCsv sp pfq kfsv kcdm vfsJf vfsJf. '�

zfidb snƒ Itlfv ofsYv mskf rb, pfsj dTt mfvst kfv dhdbmsq zfibfsj It lfb jsv. snƒ smfmhfdkv mskf rb, pfsj zfÈb dlsq iaÏ¶fdtk jvst idvBfsm zfstf lfb jsv. snƒ LCijfdEv mskf rb, pfsk zdonQspfo jvst dhdbmsq ncoá dhkvB jsv.

sj… ofsq KcKc dlst iafiA sHsh ofsq smsJ dbb. sj… zkAfyfv jvst kfv zncsJ slJf jvsk pfb. sj… drQnf jvst kfsj …irfv dlb. m¦lsj Hfstf äfvf iadkrk jv¢b. kfviv slJcb kfv zfuh iadkdÛÁqf.�

slfN Tfjf slfN-Û¢de dlsq Hvf mfbcsNv uDhb. slfN jsv bf ˆmb sj zfsY? nckvfQ sn

slfN sofib jvf ˆhQ stfj mfsU iayfv bf jvf mfbcsNv jkGhA, spsrkc kfv dbsuvW slfN zfsY. dhswN j'sv ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢N mfbcsNv slfN iayfv j'sv oDhk jsv bf.

`ncusb ncpw ofq jcpw Tfdjqf, jcusb jcvh jsv ncvh bfdwqf.'

zsbsj Hct j'sv kWhf jsvsY ˆhQ Hfstf mfbcN rsqsY zKhf hV sjfb mpGflf tfsH LbA rsqsY, dj§Â ivwaDjfkv mfbcN kfslv snƒ icvsbf Hct …sïJ j'sv kfslvsj stfj syfsJ sYfe jvsk yfq. sp Û¢de mrfb zfïfr [mf jsvsYb, sn Û¢desj ˆj swaBDv mfbcN [mf jvsk yfq bf. ˆmb mfbcN dj§Â ydvÛhfb rsk ifsv bf.

sj… slfN sofib jvst mrfb zfïfr lcdbqf W zfsJvfsk kfv slfN sofib jsvb. lcdbqfsk kfsj stfj mfsU tfdÑk jsvb bf ˆhQ djqfmsk dkdb kfv slfN-Û¢dev drnfh jsvb bf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

��7�77و%7#7>((>�<�:#�:�7�77��:1Kא��>b��7 �...)).و7א�G<��7<�א��_�> �


ªsp hAdÙÁ lcdbqfsk sjfb mcndtsmv slfNÛ¢de sofib jsv sbsh, zfïfr kfv slfNÛ¢desj lcdbqf W zfsJvfsk sofib jsv sbshb.« (zfrmfl 7427, mcndtm 7028, zfhC lf†l 4948, dkvdmpD 1425, ƒhsb mfufr 225, nrDùt ufsm' 6577 bQ)

))>M7#� >R7'م�7א�&�@��)).و%7#7>��#�7�77:�>�<��7�77:�א �ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb mcndtsmv slfN-Û¢de sofib jvsh, zfïfr djqfmsk kfv

slfN-Û¢de sofib jvshb.« (hcJfvD 2442, mcndtm 6743bQ) zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY,

�Fe>M7#�7&�7>:�:��7>�\��7>�א((>R7'>م�7א�&�@��)).��א��_�> �7�77��Ke)��7:�א �ªsp hf¦lf lcdbqfsk sjfb hf¦lfv slfN sofib vfsJ, zfïfr kfzftf

djqfmskv dlb kfv slfN sofib vfJshb.« (mcndtm 6759bQ) dYûfs¦hNB jvf nfLfvBk} ydvÛhfb mcndtsmv jfu bq, ˆ jfu ydvÛrDb

mcbfdIsjv. zfv ˆ jfsuv vsqsY zbcv™i iadkIt lcdbqfskƒ. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))�7&�7�7�<�7#�<%7#�<�Fd��7-F��<�F$��>1>��7��>�>"��<-�F�7��9و��y:&��:�7�نZ9[א��F�9)��>1�>��Fd�Feذ:وא��<o�:/��7�>�>�<��:��و�Fe7א�<-:fو:�? 7�:/�Fe77א/<.9->�/�87<�:'א�و�<'7��:18�9,Fb�<%7#�7]8�77/�F�7�<'7��>1 >GF$�9->�<�:��/�8�77[��7و%�7#7>��7'>�17/7:�א��1K:�/8�77[�7א�:1K17/7:�א��<'7��:1<27 y7&�<'F�7و��>b�>�<'7x�1>�<+7�.((� �

ªsr (mcbfdIsjv lt!) pfvf mcsJ mcntmfb rsqY ˆhQ pfslv z§Àsv ˆJbW „mfb iashw jsvdb (kfvf swfb), skfmvf mcndtmslvsj jó dlsqf bf, kfslvsj tfdÒk jsvf bf W kfslv dYlafsb¶NB jsvf bf. spsrkc sp hAdÙÁ kfv mcndtm Hfƒsqv slfN zbcnáfb jsv zfïfr kfv slfN zbcnáfb jsvb. zfv zfïfr pfv slfN zbcnáfb jsvb (zKGf{ sofib bf jsvb) dkdb kfsj zil²¿ jsvb; pdlW sn dbu oxrfHA§Àsv Kfsj.« (dkvdmpD 2032bQ)

ydvÛhfb mcndtm vrnA sofib vfJsk pk¶hfb rq. dbsuv kKf lf©ikA-ncsJv bfbf vn W ncsJv jKfW sofib vfsJ. pfvf hác mrst kf iajfw jsv, kfvf dj§Â ydvÛhfb bq. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

M7#�7<�&7'>م�MF�9v<!7#�7א��1K<��<!>��7א�!8�س�7aF$�9?�#<%>�(9ن8«�>R��7א�:x8א��> y:&��F�9)�>1>/F$7�<#א��> �y:/71<��و�< F�9)�8-:��:�:�<!7&��7f8�>�«�.� �

ªdjqfmskv dlb zfïfrv dbje mfsbv dlj sKsj nhsysq uObA mfsbv hAdÙÁ rt sn, sp öfmD ²ÃD-dmtb jsv ˆhQ sp ²ÃD öfmD-dmtb jsv, zk}iv ˆsj zsbAv dmtb-vrnA (zisvv dbje) iayfv jsv.« (mcndtm 3615, zfhC lf†l 4870bQ)


ªˆmb stfj skf snƒ wqkfsbv mk, sp sjfb bfvD-wqkfbsj vf²Àfq sisq nÌm jvsk tfso, zfv stfsjvf kfv dlsj sysq sysq slsJ.« (zfrmfl 27583, ƒhsb zfhD wfƒhfr, zfhC lf†l 2176bQ, hfƒrfjD iaHxdk, zflfhcp dpIfI 143ix})

mfbcsNv äfvf ifi Oeskƒ ifsv. n¤ydvÛhfb mfbcN rstW Oesk ifsv. dj§Â lcÇydvÛhfsbv zHAfn rt kf stfj mfsU iayfv jvf. ifi j'sv kf dbsq ohG jvf. ˆmb lcÇydvÛhfb bv-bfvD [mfrG bq. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))_�@u�p>8#@$��b�7�:#��K�9)�7%&9�>f�7S:��F$��7��7ن>�א��:�7�7f�7S<�#<%>�و7(9ن�8א�<�7&��:��:x8��9א��< K��>"��7�7��8-�:��7B>�<�:&�<�Fd7�7�77��:1:�وK1<�א��< F�7��7ل'@R7 Fb��7&�:ن�F�@b�:;�>�7��FM7+9��7W��7"��:�:�:<��7&��:1�_"7و��Fd7>��و7XFu7א�7XFuא�א7��:B>�<�:&7و�:�>�C7&�7�<>��>1K7!>1:�א��.((� �

ªzfmfv iaskAj …©mskv ifi mfI jsv slWqf rsh, ksh sp iajfswA ifi jsv (zKhf ifi jsv hst shVfq) kfv ifi mfI jvf rsh bf. zfv ifi iajfw jvfv ˆj Lvb ˆW sp, ˆjub stfj vfsÛ sjfb ifi jsv sIst, zk}iv zfïfr kf sofib jsv sbb. (zKGf{, sj… kf ufbsk ifsv bf.) dj§Â njft shtfq …sE sn stfsjv jfsY hst shVfq, `sr zmcj! ok vfsk zfdm ˆƒ ˆƒ jfu jsvdY.'

vfskv shtfq zfïfr kfv ifisj sofib j'sv sbb; dj§Â sn njft shtfq zfïfrv sn sofibDqkfsj dbsu dbsuƒ I]fn j'sv sIst.« (hcJfvD 6069bQ, mcndtm 7676bQ)

shrfqf sn mfbcN, Lxó sn mfbcN. sn dj zfhfv ydvÛhfb Kfsj?

nfrdnjkf W hDvk¶ pcsÝv mqlfsb ³LspGv nfsK zh²¿fb jsv dbHGsq wÛ¢v smfjfshtf jvf rt

hDvk¶. HDdk W Ûfn sKsj zfk¹dbq§ÃB jvf rt nfrdnjkf. hDv icv¢N rt snƒ mfbcN, sp pcsÝ Hq ifq bf. sp zfk¹v[f jvsk

wÛ¢is[v njt iaqfnsj hAKG jvsk zfiafB syóf jsv. sp h]fyfv ubA mxkcAsj Hq ifq bf.

`mxkcAsj sp ˆdVsq yst, mxkcA kfsvƒ efsb. pfvf mxkcAsj hcj sisk tq, h]fysk kfvfƒ ufsb.'

iasqfusb sp mvsk ia²Âk rq, uDhsb sh]sy Kfjfv zdLjfv kfvƒ zfsY. zfhC hfjXv dnÜDj � Jfstl dhb ztDl �-sj durfsl siavB jvfv nmq zdnqk j'sv hstdYstb, `mvfv syóf jsvf, skfmfsj uDhb lfb jvf rsh.' nQoafm jsv h]fyfƒ ndkAjfsvv h]fyf.


mfbcN kJbƒ dhi½sh U]fdisq isV, pJb sn kfv bAfpA zdLjfv sKsj hdÑk rq. zdLjfv sKsj hdÑk rst, zdLjfv zuGb jsv dbsk rq. zfv kJbƒ iasqfub isV nfrdnjkf W hDvsk¶v.

`pfvf ðLc msv dj§Â bfdr slq iafB, sjr jHc kfrfslv jsvdb n©mfb.'

Hsqv zbcHCdk bf Kfjfv bfm hDvk¶ bq. hvQ hDvk¶ rt Hq zbcHCk rWqfv ivW dbHGq Kfjfv bfm. p]fvf ˆ uosk hDv hst iadnÝ rsqsYb, k]fvfW ˆ jKfv lfhD jvsk ifsvb bf sp, k]fslvsj smfseƒ Hq tfso bf. nckvfQ hDv icv¢N Hqsj Hq jsv, dj§Â sn Hqsj uq jsv. kfƒ pcÝs[Û sKsj itfqb jvf mrf zivfL.

ìtfqb, sn sp OxBA HDv¢kf zoansvƒ mfb, iftfsh sjfKfq kjlDv rsk bfdrj idvÛfB.'

nfrn W hDvk¶ Kfjst äDb h]fyfsbf pfq, ufb h]fyfsbf pfq, mpGflf h]fyfsbf pfq, mft h]fyfsbf pfq, idvhfv h]fyfsbf pfq, slw h]fyfsbf pfq. zfv kfv Ist iafB sost `wrDl'-ˆv mpGflf tfH rq. vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb,

»<%7#�7�>@d�7�7#7��<1<�د:ون':.Fb�\� 9.7a�<%7#7�7و�>@d�71<�د:ون>�<fF$�<وF$�7و>�د7#<1<�د:ونF$�7�7د<&!<1<�د:ون':.Fb�\� 9.7a«.� �ªsp hAdÙÁ dbsuv mft v[f jvsk dosq dbrk rq sn wrDl, sp dbsuv

idvhfv v[f jvsk dosq dbrk rq sn wrDl, sp kfv dbsuv iafB v[f jvsk dosq dbrk rq snW wrDl ˆhQ sp dbsuv äDb v[f jvsk dosq dbrk rq sn wrDl.« (zfhc lf†l 4774, dkvdmpD 1421, bfnf„ 4095bQ)

²ÃDv hAfifsv sp icv¢N iadkhfl W iadksvfL jvsk ifsv bf, smsqvf skmb icv¢Nsj iY¦l jsv bf. dbs²Àu HDv¢ jficv¢Nsj sjfb ÎfbD bfvD dbu öfmD v™si sisk yfq bf.

ˆjub mc'dmb n{-nfrnD rq. mrfb iadkiftj YfVf sn jfsvf nfmsb mfKf bk jsv bf. mrfb zfïfr YfVf sn zfv sjfb djYcsj Hq jsv bf. mrfb zfïfr nfrnD mc'dmbslv hAfifsv hstsYb,

}�7�8�9)�:�:�<�7&�7�>x�7�7#�>17'>م�9"<��1<�%7#�7%7#4>�א�� &�7>��7وF�7->�א��F��Fu8vو��7/47א��F�F�8وFdF$7�م�7א�G<��9و7א�Ke9)�71��7�7א��Fb�F}>~F�<ن�$@وF$א�':�'@C7&�7%>#�>�7<.:��)��١٨(}&7%א�'��M"'`א��

ªkfvfƒ skf zfïfrv mndul v[Bfsh[B jvsh, pfvf zfïfrsk W ivjfst dhÇhfn jsv ˆhQ pKfpKHfsh bfmfp isV, pfjfk zflfq jsv ˆhQ zfïfr hAkDk zbA jf…sjW Hq jsv bf, Wslvƒ nìsá zfwf sp, Wvf n{iK iafå rsh.« (kfWhfr } 18)


}7%&>XKن�7א�':rN�7�:&��7�9�>W�F��>1Kو7&�7>�7'>�17:�א��F�7��7א�&�7>�7'>ن�7و+F$��K�9)�71Kא��FyFu71<�وK��>"�� >�7+{�� ªWvf zfïfrv hfBD iayfv jvk; Wvf k]fsj Hq jvk ˆhQ zfïfr hAkDk

zbA jfsjW Hq jvk bf. zfv drnfh oarsB zfïfrƒ psKó.« (‚rXpfh } 39) }�7&��7._&F$�7%&>XK�7>/�%7#�8�7א7#4!:'�א�&�<-@C!>#�%7��>1>!&>�7د�<'7�Fb�p>/A7&�:1م��א��<'�FR>"��<-:._��>2:&��:1�7�'_�>2:&7و��MK�>ذF$��F�7��7�>!>#<o:��<�-b��7�7&��FM�7#<'F��@'ن��7و�Fe7א��1<��7< �f�7S:&�p>b��9<�:ون�7א��8v>�F$��F�7��7%&9�>b�FC�א�F}>�7ذ�:�< Fb�>11<�א�� >/<o:&�7#%��7�7&�:1و7א�<[\�و7א��\- >�7�{)�٥٤�(��א��' �

ªsr dhÇhfdnoB! skfmfslv msLA sj… LmG rsk dIsv sost zfïfr ˆmb ˆj n©ialfq zfbqb jvshb, pfslvsj dkdb Hfthfnshb W pfvf kf]sj Hfthfnsh, kfvf rsh dhÇhfnDslv iadk sjfmt W zdhÇhfnDslv iadk jsEfv. kfvf zfïfrv isK durfl jvsh ˆhQ sjfb db¦lcsjv db¦lfq Hq jvsh bf, ˆ zfïfrv zbcoar pfsj ƒ¤Yf dkdb lfb jsvb. h²Âk} zfïfr iafycpGmq, iaÎfmq.« (mfdqlfr } 54)

hù HDv¢ mfbcN zfsY, pfvf mcndtmslvsj jfsIvslv Hq slJfq. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}�7�8�9)�:-@C>�7ن:�ذ�Fl< �:�א��8?'7�:&�F$:��7 �)�١٧٥(}#_u�7�>!>#<o@!:-�(9ن�وb�7G7@'ن�F�Fb�<-:f'@b�7�7/�9و>�< �ª‰ (ˆj swaBDv hÙÁf) skf wqkfb; sp (skfmfslvsj) kfv (jfsIv)

hácslv Hq slJfq; nckvfQ pdl skfmvf dhÇhfnD rW, kfrst skfmvf kfslvsj Hq jsvf bf, hvQ zfmfsjƒ Hq jv.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 175)

rj htfv n{ nfrn Kfjf yfƒ n¤ydvÛhfb mfbcsNv mfsU. zbAfsqv iadkhfl jvfv dr©mk Kfjf yfƒ ˆjub zflwG mfbcsNv mfsU. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��7xن��Fl�:��7�<!>�7>ل��@M7�>�Fu�>�7:�א�<.7�د b$.((� �ªzkAfyfvD hflwfrv dbje rj jKf htf nhGswaô durfl.« (zfhC lf†l

4346, dkvdmpD 2174, ƒhsb mfufr 4011bQ) t[BDq sp, `hflwfrv dbje rj jKf htf nhGswaô durfl'. zKGf{ hflwfr

hf wfnsjv iÇyfsk rj jKf htf hDvk¶ bq. Osv hsn vfufv mfsj ofdt slWqf nfrdnjkf bq, HDv¢kf. [mkfnDb wfnsjv nfmsb bf hst kfv [mkfLDb ubosBv nfmsb rj jKf hst …sÙubf W dhsûfr nxdó jvf `nhGswaô durfl' bq. `swfNB-swaBDv mcsJv …iv nkA W bAfsqv jKf htfefƒ iajxk dhi½h.' dbvfiÙfv nmq rj jKf htsk ifvfƒ hDvk¶ bq, hDvk¶ rt zdbvfiÙfv nmq rj jKf htf.

ƒmfm wfsIqD hstb, `nhsysq jdEb jfu rt 3de; zHfshv nmq lfb jvf,


dbuGsb ivsrpofv rWqf ˆhQ pfv dbje sjfb Hq hf zfwf Kfsj, kfv dbje rj jKf htf.'

oDhk jvf nfrdnjkf bq, hvQ jficv¢Nkfv idvyq. HÙÁslv mfsU iadki[sj oftfofdt jvf, zbcofmDslv mfsU dbvfisl hnhfn j'sv zKhf utnf j'sv kfslvsj iadkis[v dhv¢sÝ stdtsq slWqf, sInhcj hf zbA sjfb sbe-mfLAsm Osv hsn dhsvfLDsj ùmdj slWqf, dbsuv slsw hsn ziv slw hf kfv sjfb hAdÙÁsj jef[ jvf jficv¢Nslv jfu.

idvswsN susb vfJf Hfstf sp, rj rstƒ sp kf nh ufqofq htf pfsh hf htsk rsh, kf bq. rj jKf htfv ²¿fb W sjZwt susb htsk rsh. bsy{ drsk dhivDk rst tfsHv ufqofq [dk rsk ifsv.

sjht wÛ¢ lmsb bq, hDvsk¶v ˆ ÈBde vfo W sÛÁfL lmsbW hV nrfqj. spsrkc zfnt hDv rt snƒ, sp dbu sÛÁfL lmsb hDvk¶ ialwGb jsv. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�»�>�7 7r�17:��<!>��7א�y7��@}>�<�7&�i>XK7��א��8<&�:�א��8�9)�>M7�7�_��>"�:�&>�8�7א��T< F�«. ªwdÙÁwftD (hf hDv) sn bq sp jcñDsk uqtfH jsv. hvQ iajxk wdÙÁwftD

(hf hDv) rt snƒ hAdÙÁ sp sÛÁfsLv nmq dbsusj nfmst dbsk ifsv.« (zfrmfl, hcJfvD 6114, mcndtm 6809, dmwjfk 5105bQ)�

� �nkAhfdlkf

nkAhfdlkf ncydvÛhfb mfbcsNv zbAkm nlXÈB. zhwAƒ ˆ ÈB ˆjub mc'dmsbv. mrfb zfïfr nkAhflDslv nÌD rsk zfslw dlsq hstsYb,

}7�>d>א�7#[�7א��8�د':�'@u7و�F��]١١٩:�א�`'"F$��7&{�]�M&_.7��א�XK<&7#4�7%!:'א�א/R8@'א�א �zKGf{, sr dhw¶fdnoB! skfmvf zfïfrsj Hq jv ˆhQ nkAhflDslv nÌD rW.

(nCvf kfWhfr 119 zfqfk) i[f§Àsv dmKAfhfdlkf ydvÛrDbslv hl ÈB. ˆ ÈB mcbfdIsjv. mrfbhD �

hstsYb, ))4@M7&�9k>b�7!:��<%�7و7(9ذ7א�$�7�F�<GFو�7�7�7و7(9ذ7א��7�7XFu+8�7§�7(9ذ7א��F�7�§\�א�:/< �)).7G�ن�7א �

ªmcbfdIsjv t[B rt dkbde; jKf htst dmKAf hst, Wqflf dlst sJtfi jsv ˆhQ ycdÙÁ jvst HÌ jsv.« (hcJfvD 33, mcndtm 220bQ)

mcndtsmv ˆj hBGbfq ˆ jKf shwD zfsY, ªpdlW sn hAdÙÁ bfmfp isV svfpf vfsJ ˆhQ dbsusj mcndtm msb jsv.« (222bQ)


nkAhfdlkf W dmKAfhfdlkf …Hsqv idvBfm hBGbf j'sv vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb,

�7>�:ق:�+��87((�F��7�:x8و7(9ن�8א��،�>M8!Fא��F�9)��>�<.7&�8�>א��<�?�،�و7(9ن�8א��F�9)��>�<.7&�7ن�8א��?�>ق):&��R&?�>3�>��F�9)��>��<.7&�7א�!�8��7�7C�.��،9<!>��7א':S@y9،�و7(9ن�8א��':S@yא��F�9)��>�<.7&�7�>XFCو7(9ن�8א�

��7�7C:&��87+�:�>XC7<!>��7א�<�8XFuא"�F��7�:x8و7(9ن�8א��.((� �ªdbÇyq nkAhfdlkf icsBAv iK slJfq. zfv icBA ufâfskv dlsj iK

dbslGwbf jsv. zfv mfbcN nkA jKf htsk Kfsj, swN ipG§À zfïfrv dbje kfsj `mrfnkAhflD' v™si dtdihÝ jvf rq. zfv db}ns¦lsr dmKAfhfdlkf dbtGÏkf W ififyfsvv dlsj dbsq pfq. zfv ififyfv ufrfâfsmv dlsj dbsq pfq. zfv mfbcN dmKAf htsk Kfsj, swN ipG§À zfïfrv dbje kfsj `mrfdmKAfhflD' v™si dtdihÝ jvf rq. (hcJfvD 6094 bQ, mcndtm 2607 bQ, zfhc lf…l, dkvdmpD)�

nkAhflD nhGlf …säowCbA Kfsj, kfv msbv dHksv iawfd§À Kfsj. i[f§Àsv dmKAfhflD ˆv dhivDk; kfv r™lsq nQwq, däLf W …säo Kfsj. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))&9�7&�Fe��7#��F�9)�F}:�&9�7&��7#�<د7ع�mM7�&9��7�>XFCو7א��،�mM7! >�A7�@h�7ن�8א��?�ق,b؛��F}:�.((� �ªkcdm ‰ dudbn idvkAfo jv, sp dudbn skfmfsj ns¦lsr sIst ˆhQ kf

oarB jv pfsk skfmfv ns¦lr sbƒ. sjbbf, nkA iawfd§Àv jfvB ˆhQ dmKAf ns¦lsrv jfvB.« (dkvdmpD 2518bQ)

ydvÛhfb n{stfj nlf nkA jKf hst. spsrkc nkA jKfq hjGk zfsY. hAhnf-hfdBsuA nkA hst, jfvB kfv tfsH hjGk zfsY. i[f§Àsv sp dmKAf hst, kfv hjGk dhbfwiafå rq. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))��7�7Fu�<�7��،�و(ن�.>� "��7�:.F��FJ�'�:"��7!8 �Fb�،��Fd8�Fy77&�<-F��7#�9,ن>�d7�73��و7"�7 א��7 ?�7�ن�9"��<7"7XFu7و��9.>� 7"�@MFu�"�<;FR>2:#��.((� �

ªsÛÁkf W dhsÛÁkf …Hsqv ubA kk[B ipG§À (ycdÙÁ ifjf hf hfdkt jvfv) öfLDbkf vsqsY, pk[B ipG§À kfvf ixKj (²¿fbf§Àdvk) bf rsh. zfv pdl kfvf nkA jKf hst ˆhQ (iBAlashAv iajxkk¶) Jcst hst, (slfN-Û¢de sofib bf vfsJ,) kfrst kfslv sjbf-shyfv msLA hjGk slWqf rq. zfv kfvf pdl (slfN-Û¢de) sofib vfsJ ˆhQ dmKAf hst, kfrst kfslv lc'usbv sjbf-shyfv hjGk vdrk jvf rq.« (hcJfvD 2079, mcndtm 3937bQ)

htf hfùtA, nkAhfdlkfq mfbdnj wfd§À, zfdk¹j zfvfm tfH rq, …ifuGsb


hjGk rq, mÌst zfdkwpA zfsn, dhil sKsj mcdÙÁ�tfH rq. ncydvÛhfb nkAhflDslv r™lq idv°jfv, spsrkc kfvf nkA jKf hst.

dwðslv mb nflf, kfƒ kfslv mcsJ nkA W hf²Àh iajfw sisq pfq. nkAhflD ydvÛhfb z¬i jKf hst. i[f§Àsv sp shwD jKf hst, nfLfvBk}

sn shwD dmKAf hst. spmb sp dbsuv o¬i W hVfƒ shwD jsv, snW shwD dmKAf hst. zfv ˆƒHfsh dmKAf htf mÏfok öHfsh idvBk rsq pfq. kJb kfv jKf stfsj dhw¶fn jsv bf. `nkA jKf dmKAf jfv? dmKAf htf zHAfn pfv.'

ðLc stfsjvfƒ kfv jKfq dhw¶fn jsv bf kfƒ bq, hvQ sJfl dmKcAjW jfsvf jKfsj nkA hst dhw¶fn jsv bf.

� �jKfq ncydvÛkf

ncydvÛhfb bv-bfvD dbsuv jfsu spmb nc¦lv zfyvB ialwGb jsv, skmdb dbu jKfskW nHA zfyvB iajfw j'sv Kfsj.

nckvfQ ˆjub ydvÛhfb jf…sj oftfofdt jsv bf. jfvB mcndtmsj oftfofdt jvf IfsnjD. ofdt slq bf sjfb mxksj, ofdt slq bf sjfb jfsIvsj, ofdt slq bf iðsj, ofdt slq bf UV-hfkfn, smO-hflt hf iafjxdkj sjfb zh²¿fsj, ofdt slq bf pco-pfmfbfsj. jfvB ˆmb ofdt slWqfsk mrfb zfïfrsj ofdt slWqf rq.

sn sjfb svfo-hftf hf u¶vsj ofdt slq bf. jfvB kf kfv ubA …ijfvD. Ocsmv hAfOfk Oefq hst ofdt slq bf smfvosj.

sn isvv dikf-mfkfsj ofdt slq bf. jfvB kfsk isvf[Hfsh dbsuv dikfmfkfsj ofdt slWqf rq.

skmdb sn isvv hfisj hfi hst lfdh jsv bf, jfvB kfsk dbsuv mf-sj ëóf hfbfsbf rq.

sjfb zfs[si dbu idvhfv, n§Àfb-n§Àdk hf sjfb zfk¹Dqsj sjfb iajfv zdHwfi hf hÜczf slq bf, spmb dbu oxrifdtk sjfb iðsjW zdHwfi slq bf. jfvB kfsk kfv dbsuvƒ [dk rq.

ydvÛhfb mcndtm dbdlGó sjfb hAdÙÁsj zdHn©ifk jsv bf, dbdlGó sjfb uDdhk hAdÙÁsj ufrfâfmD hst bf, spmb sn sjfb dbdlGó mcndtmsj `jfsIv' hst bf.

sn sjfb mfbcNsj ìð' hst ofdt slq bf, jfvB kf ±ió dmKAf jKf. sn sjfb n©mfbDv mfbrfdb jsv bf, sjfb nífs§Àv ním tcse bf. jfvB kf


nhsysq hV nCslv ifi. ydvÛhfb-ydvÛhkD dmKAf jKf hst bf. dmKAf jnm Jfq bf. dmKAf nf[A slq

bf. dmKAf zÌDjfv jsv bf. dmKAf öi´ osV hst bf. jfsvf ydvsÛ dmKAf zihfl slq bf. jfsvf iadk dmKAf slfNfsvfi jsv bf. jfvB ˆÈdt ˆj-ˆjde mrfifi.

sn jfsvf vrnA iajfw jsv bf, jfsvf jfsY dbu ifi vrnA iajfw jsv bf, öfmD-²ÃDv dmtb vrnA iajfw j'sv kxdå sbq bf.

ydvÛhkD smsq iv²ÃDv snZ¦lpG dbu öfmDv dbje iajfw jsv bf. iv-icv¢sNv nfsK smfrbDq jsØ jsKfijKb jsv bf ˆhQ jKfv zfjNGB-ufst iv-icv¢Nsj zfhÝ jsv bf.

ydvÛhfb W ydvÛhkD jfsvf ycotD jsv bf, jfsvf oDhk hf ivyyGf jsv bf. lc' mcsJ jKf hst bf. jfsvf jfb HfÌfq bf, sjfb n§Àfbsj kfv dikfmfkfv dhv¢sÝ zKhf sjfb dikfmfkfsj kfv h…-shefv dhv¢sÝ, sjfb öfmDsj kfv ²ÃDv dhv¢sÝ zKhf sjfb ²ÃDsj kfv öfmDv dhv¢sÝ, sjfb lfnsj kfv iaHcv dhv¢sÝ zKhf sjfb mfdtjsj kfv yfjsvv dhv¢sÝ iasvfdyk jsv bf.

ydvÛhfb-ydvÛhkD sjfb mfbcNsj dbsq, kfv äDblfvD dbsq, ³ldrj oEb, zfjxdk-iajxdk hf yfdvdÛj ÈB dbsq hAÌ-dhû™i jsv bf. zpKf jf…sj kfv slfN Lsv tÏf slq bf. jKfq jKfq Hct Lsv mfbcNsj bfsurft jsv bf.

ncydvsÛv zdLjfvD jf…sj m¦l sJkfh dlsq Ffsj bf zKhf kfv bfsmv dhjxdk Oefq bf.

sj… jKf htst dbsu eisj isV kfv jKf jfse bf. hVslv mcsJv …iv mcJ slq bf.

ydvÛhfb-ydvÛhkD iaotXH rq bf, sTef hf sTeD rq bf. jKfq jKfq `srf}-srf}, rf}-rf}, dr}-dr}' rfnA-sjZkcj, mufj-mõvf W EfÕf-…irfn jsv bf ˆhQ sn nh jvsk dosq dmKAfW hst bf. nfLfvBk} n¤ydvÛ stfsjvf oýDv rq.

ydvÛhfb bv-bfvDv dmKAf Efe-hfe Kfsj bf. pf zfsY, kfv sKsj shdw djYc iajfw jsv bf, kf dbsq lý jsv bf. spmb hVstfdj ialwGb jsv bf, skmdb lfdvslavW Hfb jsv bf.

sjfb dhNsq rsjv nis[ sKsjW dhksjG uVfq bf. kjG jvf ncydvÛhfb stfsjv dblwGb bq. bf yfƒskW sjfb dhksjG udVsq sost sn nmq sn zw½Dt hst bf. jfvB êf mcbfdIsjv t[B.

ncydvÛhfb sbkxk¶ iafKGbf jsv bf. jfvB kf ˆmb dudbn, pfsk ydvsÛ lfo


tfosk ifsv ˆhQ kf ˆj iajfv zfmfbk. zfv kfsk dJqfbk rst djqfmskv dlb kf zimfb W zbckfsiv jfvB rsh.

sj… ivfmwG yfƒst ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢N ivfmwGlfsb zdrSkNf ialwGb jsv bf. jfvB snefW ˆj iajfv zfmfbk.

ƒntfmƒ rt nhsysq …¤y hQswv idvyq. nckvfQ ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢N …¤y hQwDq rst zisvv hQsw sJ]fef slq bf ˆhQ dbsuslv hQw dbsq ohG jsv bf. jfvB ˆ rt zÎ pcsov zÎ mfbcNslv zfyvB.

ydvÛhfb mcndtm icv¢N-mdrtf zw½Dtkf sKsj spmb wksÛÁfw lCsv Kfsj, skmdb mcsJ sbfQvf jKf htf sKsjW nkk dhvk Kfsj. zw½DtHfND ncydvsÛv zdLjfvD rsk ifsv bf.

ydvÛhfb pchj-pchkD spmb (Hfstfhfnfv bfsm) hAdHyfsvv dbjehkGD rq bf, skmdb nhGlf kfvf dur¶fv hAdHyfv sKsjW nclCsv Kfsj. spmb jfb, syfJ, rfk W ifsqv hAdHyfv sKsjW zsbj kIfsk Kfsj.

ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢N jjGwHfND rq bf, hvQ dmóHfND rq. ksh shdw dmdó dlsq bfvD icv¢Nsj zfjNGB jsv bf.

ivjDq jKfq Kfjf n¤ydvÛ mfbcsNv jmG bq. dbsuv dhNqDHCk bq, ˆmb jKf hst dbsusj dhksjG sIst bf. zhwA mc'dmb bfvD-icv¢N ˆsj zsbAv zdHHfhj. kfvf iv±ivsj n{jsmG zfslw W zn{jsmG hfLflfb j'sv Kfsj.

sjfb Èuh vefsbf ydvÛhfsbv jfu bq. sjfb vdek Èush KfjfW kfv ubA swfHbDq bq.

nd¦lÊ jKf hBGbf jvf ydvÛhfsbv …dyk bq. jfvB kfsk sn dmKcAj iamfdBk rsq tfdÒk rsk ifsv.

ncydvsÛv zdLjfvD jfsvf iadk sjfb …ijfv hf zbcoar j'sv kf zsbAv jfsY iajfw jsv bf. jfvB kfsk kfv nWqfh hfdkt rsq pfq. zhwA sjfb zjxkÎ sbmjrfvfsmv jKf iasqfusb …sïJ jvfv jKf zftflf.

ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢N jKf hst zflshv nfsK. kfslv jKfq ohG W zrQjfv iajfw ifq bf, jKfq jKfq kfvf lý iajfw jsv bf, zfk¹iawQnf jsv bf, HdÌiCBG jKf hst bf. `jfsu j]csV sJsk slsV, hysb mfsv sksV I]csV.' zKhf `hfsjAsk ihGk, dj§Â�jfspG kctfjfv.' ncydvsÛv mcjceLfvD ˆmb rsk ifsv bf.

ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢N vfofd¦hk rst, kf nQhvB jsv. sÛÁfsLv nmq jKf htf há svsJ dbsusj dbvfil jsv. spmb zsbAv sÛÁfsLv nmsqW jKf hst


kfv sÛÁfLhxdÝ jsv bf. nc¦lv ydvsÛv zdLjfvD bfvD-icv¢N …islw slq W sbq. zsbAv …islw

oarsB sjfb iajfv ŠÝkA iajfw jsv bf. n¤ydvÛ mfbcN jfsvf ubA zbAfq ncifdvw jsv bf, jf…sj zbAfsqv iK hst

bf. ydvÛhfb icv¢N mndusl dosq bfmfp zflfq jsv, snJfsb zfïfrv dpjXv

jsv ˆhQ nfQnfdvj o¬i-ocuh jsv bf. ncydvsÛv zdLjfvD bfvD-icv¢N sjfb zShL jfsu zbcmdklfb jsv bf.

jKfq jKfq jnm Jfq bf. jfvB kfsk ns¦lr hfsV ˆhQ zfïfrv bfsmv kfpDm rafn ifq.

ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢N jm jKf hst, iasqfusb hst ˆhQ znÌk jKf zfslZ hst bf. zfv jKf htst zjise hst, msb jCe vfsJ bf.

nc¦lv jKf htf

pfv ydvÛ nc¦lv, kfv jKf sjb nc¦lv rsh bf? zhwAƒ. ydvÛhfsbv jKfq sJ]fef Kfjsh bf, sJ]fyf Kfjsh bf, zrQjfv

Kfjsh bf, …ße HdÌ Kfjsh bf. kfv HfNf jjGw rsh bf, zw½Dt rsh bf, znHA rsh bf.

zfècïfr dhb zfmXv � rsk hdBGk, ˆjlf bhD � htstb, �)).¬7f9�>f�F��#<%>��و�MFb<�@|�i7�:&��7f:�>f�F¬�<%>#��7.>!>h�7"�7.:!>h�7"7א�p>b�>M8!7S�(9ن8(( �

ªufâfskv msLA ˆmb ˆjde j[ zfsY, pfv hfdrsvv zQw dHkv sKsj ˆhQ dHksvv zQw hfdrv sKsj slJf pfsh.«

kf ðsb zfhc mfstj zfwzfvD � htstb, `sn j[ jfv ubA rsh, sr zfïfrv vnCt?' dkdb htstb,

))<%7��<�7W��>1Kو7"�7א�7�Kl�م�7و�7-7�hF$7אF�FC��مF�F$�7�ن��7<>��Fd�:7�م\�و7א�!8�س >�.((� �ªsp hAdÙÁ bvm jKf hst, zâlfb jsv W stfsjvf pJb Ocdmsq Kfsj, kJb

bfmfsp vk rq; kfv ubA.« (zfrmfl 6615, k¶fhfvfbD 3388, rfsjm 270, 1200, ðzfhct „mfb hfƒrfj¶D 3090, nrDr kfvoDh 617bQ)

zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ))<%7�>��FhF$7��7م�F�FC��7-7א�hF$77�م�7و�Klد7אم�7א�F$77�م�7و >�1K�>��9<�و��K�737א��?K��>"�:7�م\�و7א�!8�س >�.((� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ nc¦lv jKf hst, zâlfb jsv, hvfhv svfpf vfsJ W stfsjvf pJb Ocdmsq Kfsj, kJb bfmfsp vk rq; kfv ubA.« (dkvdmpD 1984, 2527bQ)


zfhC k¶ftrf pfsql ƒhsb nfrXt � hstb, ˆjlf zfmvf Osvv hfƒsv zhd²¿k iafÌsb hsn jKfhfkGfq vk dYtfm. ƒkAhnsv vfnCtcïfr � (snJfsb) ˆsn zfmfslv dbje lf]dVsq htstb,

�))�>W�7א��_�:�7אT>��7S7#7!<�:'א�<x>؟�א�>W�9א��_�:�7אT��7S7��.))CF��7#@->�و�7< �ªskfmvf vf²Àfq ³hEj jvY? skfmvf vf²Àfq hnf sKsj dhvk Kfj.« zfmvf dbshlb jvtfm, `zfmvf skf ˆJfsb ˆmb …sÜswA hsndY, pfsk

(wvDqskv lxdósk) sjfb zfidÙ sbƒ. zfmvf ˆJfsb dbsuslv msLA zftfi-zfstfybf jvf W jKfhfkGf htfv ubA hsndY.' dkdb htstb,

�))��7.KR7+د_وא�FAFb�Fe��8#9)�:،�9�7�7א��_�F|�9مF�FCم9،�و7+:�>%:�א�F�87د_�א��))�.�و7 �ªpdl vf²Àfq hnf kAfo bf jv, kfrst kfv rj zflfq jv. zfv kf rt,

lxdó nQpk vfJf, nftfsmv …Ùv slWqf ˆhQ nc¦lvHfsh jKfhfkGf htf.« (mcndtm 5773bQ)

jKf nc¦lv htsk ifvst nc¦lvDv nc¦lvkfq hxdÝ tfH rq. ksh shofbf icv¢sNv nfsK jKf htsk rst snƒ snZ¦lpG ycdv pfWqfv zfwËfq kfsj mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw msb svsJ htsk rsh. dkdb mdrtfslv …sÜswA hstsYb,

>:%�8(9ن9{FR8/א��F�Fb�7%<�7 �FR��>"�7]7'>ل�7/�9>l7 Fb��>XKא��p>b�>1>��Fd�\�7#7�7ض%�@d7و��<'Fd��b�٣٢(}#�8>�:و(� �ªpdl skfmvf zfïfrsj Hq jv, ksh ivicv¢sNv nfsK sjfmt js÷

ˆmbHfsh jKf hstf bf, pfsk z§Àsv pfv hAfdL zfsY sn iatcé rq. zfv skfmvf nlftfi jv. (öfHfdhjHfsh jKf ht.) (‚rXpfh } 32)

ndá²¿fib

ydvÛhfb mfbcN wfd§À iY¦l jsv, wfd§Àv idvshw Hfstfhfsn, zwf§À nmfsu wfd§Àv hfkfhvB nxdó jvfv iasyóf jsv.

nmfsu ifwfifdw hnhfn jvfv nmq zfsifsn ä¦l-jtr shsL spskƒ ifsv. sn s[sÛ wÛ¢kf W dhsäN ipGfsq si]ZYsbfv zfso zfso ndá²¿fisbv mfLAsm dmtb nQnfLb jvf jkGhA mcndtmslv. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}�\�< 7G�:B�_[�}�و7א��١٢٨:�א�!��[�� zKGf{, h²Âk} zfsifn jvf zdk …Ùm. (‰ 128 zfqfk) dkdb zbAÛ hstsYb,

}�<-@C>!< 7"�7W3>�<2:'א�ذ7אF$7و�F��]١:�א��y�ل��[�}�R8/�Fb@'א�א �zKGf{, skfmvf zfïfrsj Hq jv ˆhQ dbsuslv msLA nßfh ²¿fib jv. (nCvf


zfbIft 1 zfqfk) dkdb zfsvf hstb,

}�<-@C<&7'7GF$�7%< 8�9�7��א��:o>#<!:'ن3FAFb�m�7'<G9)�7>�<2:'א�"7)�{�]��Wא�S�١٠:�א[�� zKGf{, njt mc'dmbvf skf iv±iv Hfƒ Hfƒ, nckvfQ skfmvf skfmfslv lcƒ

Hfƒ-ˆv msLA ndá ²¿fib jv. (nCvf ùucvfk 10 zfqfk) ndá²¿fisb djYc stfsjv zoaBD HCdmjfv iasqfub Kfsj. pfvf nfdtnD W

mLA²¿kf j'sv lcƒ dhhlmfb sofôDv mfsU dmtb nQnfLb jsv. zfv kfslv jfu dhwft mr{. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

7 >�S7��<%>#�¦>=Fu�p>b�7>'7אF$��MFd7�7�>"�7�7#F$�<%7#�Ke9)�<-:fو>�#�7>�:و��$Fو>�(39>�¢�"7 >�7%א�!8�س9{G�Fe{�� zKGf{, kfslv zdLjfQw sofib ivfmswG sjfb jtAfB sbƒ, ksh sp (kfv

ivfmswG) lfb Jqvfk, n{jfu W mfbcsNv msLA wfd§À ²¿fisbv dbslGw slq (kfsk) jtAfB zfsY. (ncvf dbnf 114 zfqfk)

mfbcsNv mfsU msbfmfdtbA lCvDHCk srfj, kfvf zfsifsn dmstdmsw hnhfn jv¢j, iv±isvv r™lq-mb sKsj drQnf-dhsäN dhtDb rsq pfj, sofôDsk sofôDsk dhhfl-dhnQhfl mcsY pfj, ˆmb n{ iasyóf pfslv, kfvf dj nWqfhiafå bf rq? mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��:T<� 1<�א��8>b�:]@�l7/�8&7'م��@u�،�mMFd7�73�>1 F�7��9#��7#<�7%א�!8�س�:��_�@u�:��9�7!<�e�7>�<ل:�"�7�7א/ >.�mMd7�73��،�mMFd7��73�:1�7��77#��7،�و/:�<�:��F�7��:1�F��:]�Fb�7/�<وF$��7.< F�7��:1�@�>�<27Fb�،�>1�>8"��7د7א�:x8א��

��9%�7��i7א�ذ�@� �� .��F�9)��7א��mMFd7��73�>��8،�و/:��7/��7'�l7G�?�C"و�،�mMFd7�73�@M7�? Flא��@M7�>�FCو7א��mMFd7�73�9k&�Klא�.((� �

ªiadkdlb pfsk nCpG …lq rq (zKGf{ iaskAj dlb) mfbcsNv iaskAj oad§¿v i[ sKsj iaslq ˆjde jsv nfljfr vsqsY. (zfv nfljfr ðLc mft Jvy jvfsjƒ hst bf; hvQ) lc'ub mfbcsNv msLA skfmfv mDmfQnf j'sv slWqfefW nfljfr, sjfb mfbcNsj dbu nWqfvDv …iv hnfsbf zKhf kfv …iv kfv nfmfb …dEsq dbsq nfrfpA jvfW nfljfr, Hft jKf htf nfljfr, bfmfspv ubA jxk iaskAj ils[i nfljfr ˆhQ vf²Àf sKsj jólfqj dudbn lCvDHCk jvfW nfljfr.« (hcJfvD 2989, mcndtm 2382bQ)

ndá²¿fib W dhhlmfb lcƒ hAdÙÁ hf sofôDv mfsU dmtb nxdó jvf ˆmb ˆjde mrfb ydvsÛv jfu, pfv ubA dmKAf htfsjW ³hL jvf rsqsY. hxrÙv jtAfB tfsHv …sÜswA wvDqk dmKAf hf zhf²Àh jKf htfv zbcmdk dlsqsY, pfsk lcƒ is[v mfsU iaDdk nxdó rq, …Hsqv r™lq sKsj dhsHl lCv rsq pfq, lCv rsk


Kfjf dhivDkofmD lcƒ mb spb ˆsj zsbAv dbje rsk Kfsj. snef zfnst dmKAf bq, sp hst, sn dmKAfhflD bq. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�»7T< F��:8א�XFC�א�i>XKא��:B>�<�:&�7%< 7 >��א�وR7&7@'ل:�א�!8�س7"�9G��>�7 >��א�و7&7!>G«�.� �ªstfsjv msLA ndá ²¿fibjfvD dmKAfhflD bq. sn rq Hft jKf si]ZYfq, bf

rq Hft jKf hst.« (hcJfvD 2692, mcndtm 6799bQ) dEj ˆvƒ dhivDk djYc zn{ iajxdkv stfj zfsY, pfvf n©iaDdkwDt

mfbcsNv mfsU dhs¤Yl Oefsk yfq ˆhQ lcƒ sofôDv mfsU UoVf hfLfsk yfq. kfslv hAfifsv mrfbhD � hstsYb,

��7(9ن8((�7 >G�p>8#@$�7%&>XKوא�(9ذ7א�א�:�:��7�>u:1:�ذK�7و7(9ن�8،�א��M7<�א��8�7��:ونa�p>8#@$�7<�7א >�8!��>"�@d?�Fy:��'ن7א�7%< 7"�>M8�>+F�7א7��|@'ن�7א��א7��!7;�7א��:�8א((.� �

ªzfmfv …©mskv nhGswaô hAdÙÁ kfvf, pfslvsj slJst zfïfr ±mvB rq. zfv zfmfv …©mskv nhGdbjxó hAdÙÁ rt kfvf, pfvf ycotsJfdv j'sv shVfq, hácslv mfsU dhd¤Yâkf Oefq ˆhQ dbslGfN stfsjslv mfsU slfN (hf jó) J]csu shVfq.« (zfrmfl, hfƒrfj¶D, dn} nrDrfr 2849bQ)

� �bAfqivfqBkf

mrfb zfïfr bAfqivfqB hflwf, dkdb bAfqivfqBsj Hfstfhfsnb. nckvfQ bAfqivfqB rt ˆjub ncydvÛhfb mfbcN. ˆmbƒ n¤ydvÛkfv zfslw dlsq mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

�و7א��9p�<r7��و7א��:!�9�FCא2Fy�>�7��7%�9و7&7!>.��7אR�@�>"��7ذ<��و7(9&7��و7א]9+>�7�ن�9"<��7��>لA7&�9#:�:�א��71(9ن8{<-@C@z>�7&�<-@CK�7�F��7ون:�Ku7X7/�{)�٩٠�(��א�!��2' �

ªdbÇyq zfïfr bAfqivfqBkf, nlfyvB W zfk¹Dq-öubsj lfsbv dbslGw slb ˆhQ dkdb zw½Dtkf, zn{jfpG W nDmftQOb jvf rsk dbsNL jsvb. dkdb skfmfslvsj …islw slb; pfsk skfmvf dw[f oarB jv.« (bfrXt } 90)

vfo W wfd§Àv nmq …dyk W bAfpA jKf htf zfhwAj. dhsvfLD rstW kfv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf kKf ƒbnfI hufq vfJf jkGhA. zfibfv iadkä¦äD rstW kfv nfsK ƒbnfI hufq vfJf n¤ydvÛkfv t[B. zfibfv HfNfHfND bq hst, zfidb kfv nfsK bAfq hAhrfv jsvb bf,

kfrst zfidb ncydvÛhfb rsk ifsvb bf. zfibfv öslwD bq hst zfidb kfv nfsK bAfqivfqBkf hufq vfJshb bf,


kfsj öslwD nmfb mpGflf slshb bf, Hfstf jfsu kfv nrspfdokf jvshb bf, kfv dhisl nfrfpA jvshb bf, kfrst zfidb n¤ydvsÛv zdLjfvD rsk ifvshb bf.

zfibfv öufdk bq hst zfidb kfv bAfpA zdLjfv slshb bf, kfrst zfidb nc¦lv ydvsÛv mfdtj rsk ifvshb bf.

zfibfv ofsqv vsMv nfsK dmst bf, kfv nfsK zfidb ƒbnfIiCBG zfyvB jvshb bf, kfrst zfidb hBG-³hNsmAv dwjfv, zfidb ydvÛhfb bb.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }�7&��7._&F$�7%&>XKא�7#4!:'א�א�':�'@u�7�>#8א'Fd�>1��>��7�7א.:a�>�<�>R��>"�Fe7و�<-@C8!7#9�<S7&�:7!�7نa��م<'�Fd��F�7��KeF$��7@'ن�7"<��7G��7<¦\�א��71(9ن�8א��71و7א/R8@'א��<�f�:�7�dF$�i7'R8:'�7א�>�<�@'א�/�7>�<�@'א<�٨(}/�7�(��א��' �

ªsr dhÇhfdnoB! skfmvf zfïfrv …sÜswA (rsjv …iv) lxP iadkdôk (ˆhQ) bAfqivfqBkfv nfsK nf[Alfkf rW. sjfb n©ialfsqv iadk dhsäN skfmfslvsj spb jJbW ncdhyfv bf jvfsk iasvfdyk bf jsv. ncdhyfv jv, êf zfk¹nQpsmv dbjekv ˆhQ zfïfrsj Hq jv. skfmvf pf jv, zfïfr kfv Jhv vfsJb.« (mfdqlfr } 8)

oEbmCtj nmfstfybfv s[sÛW ydvÛhfb n¤ydvÛkf hufq vfsJ. snJfsbW sn bAfqivfqBkfv HfvnfmA v[f j'sv jKf hst. sjfb hAdÙÁ, ufmfzfk, mprfh, lt, hƒ ƒkAfdlv nmfstfybf jvfv s[sÛ zbAfqHfsh mcJ sJftf ydvÛhfsbv …dyk bq.

dbsuv öfsKG Of tfost zn{ stfsjvf ƒbnfsIv dbdÙÁ dEj vfJsk ifsv bf. zfibusbv ifsk sUft efbfv s[sÛ bAfqivfqBkfv bDdk L¶Qn j'sv hsn.

slWqf-sbWqfv nmq, jKf htfv nmq hf m§ÀhA jvfv nmq zfib sJqft-JcwDv zbchkGD bf rsq bAfqivfqBkf hufq vfsJ iaskAj mcndtm. spsrkc kf mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw,

�}/�Ku7X7:ونCK�7�F��7@->�"<1<�وu�837@-�ذF$�<-@C>�7و>b@'א�א��1<�وd�>�<.7�>"7@�>"��7ذ7א�Fu�ن�7وFb�<'F�7��>�<�@'א�d@�:->�אو7(9ذ7{ �ªpJb skfmvf jKf htsh, kJb öusbv dhv¢sÝ rstW bAfq jKf ht ˆhQ

zfïfrsj ialÙ zÌDjfv iCBG jv. ˆHfsh zfïfr skfmfslvsj dbslGw dlsqsYb, spb skfmvf …islw oarB jv.« (‚bX‚m } 152)

}�7&��7._&F$�7%&>XKא�7#4!:'א�א�':�'@u�7�>#8א'Fd�>�<�>R��>"��7�7א.�:a��>1��>��<'�F�7و��F�7��<-@C>��@y�F$�9وF$��9%<&7��>א�'7א��7�>"7�dF9ن�و7א�)�<%@C7&�� >!F|�<وF$א��¦FRFb�:1��Fb��F�<وF$��7�9.>"�F�Fb�>�87/א':��i7'7.�ن�אF$و>�/7��':وא��و7(9ن�/�7>�<�@'א�F$��א�!��'��)��١٣٥(}�7G<¦�א�/�7>��7@'ن�7"<�Fu��7�ن�7א��Fb�71,9نs9�<�:/�8:'א �


ªsr dhÇhfdnoB! skfmvf bAfq dhyfsv lxP iadkdôk Kfj, skfmvf zfïfrv …sÜswA nf[A lfW; pdlW kf skfmfslv dbsuslv zKhf dikf-mfkf ˆhQ zfk¹Dq-öusbv dhv¢sÝ rq. sn dhÙhfb srfj zKhf dhÙrDbƒ srfj, zfïfr …Hsqvƒ spfoAkv zdHHfhj. nckvfQ skfmvf bAfq-dhyfv jvsk sJqft-JcwDv zbcofmD rsqf bf. pdl skfmvf si]yfstf jKf ht zKhf ifw sjse yt, kfrst (susb vfJ) sp, skfmvf pf jv, zfïfr kfv Jhv vfsJb.« (dbnf } 135)

zkˆh sj… zfibfv sjfb ia²Àfh iakAfJAfb jsvsY hst zfidb kfv iadk näAhrfv hf bAfqfyvB jvshb bf, kf …dyk bq.

zfibfv iBA sbq bf hst, zfibfv ofdV HfVf sbq bf hst zfidb jfsvf iadk ƒbnfI jvshb bf, kf n¤ydvÛkf bq.

zfibfv iawQnf jsvdb hst, pdlW zfibfv db¦lf jsvdb, khcW zfidb kfsj bAfpA zdLjfv sKsj hdÑk jvshb, kf ³hL bq.

zfibfsj lfWqfk slqdb hst zfidb kfsj kfv bAfqfdLjfv ialfb jvshb bf, kf rq bf.

zfibfv hf zfibfv sjfb zfk¹Dqv dhv¢sÝ dhyfv jsvsY hst, pdlW snef bAfq dhyfv dYt, khcW kfv iadk zbAfqfyvB jvshb, kfrst n¤ydvsÛv mfdtj rsk ifvshb bf.

zfibfv ncdhLf jsvdb hst, zfibfv Hct LsvsY hst, zfibfsj sjfb m¦l jfsu hfLf dlsqsY hst, zfibfv jfsY bAfpA zdLjfv lfdh jsvsY hst, zfibfv jfsY wvDj drnfsh ndEj Hfo sysqsY hst, zfibfv jfsY ‡B idvswfL sysqsY hst, sn Jfvfi rsq sot. ˆkdlb sp `Hfstf' dYt, dbsuv zdLjfv yfWqfv Ist sn `jfstf' rsq sot. ˆmb zfyvB ydvÛhfsbv rsk ifsv bf.

jKf htst, ndEj jKf htsk rsh, ±ió jKfq jó spb bf rq, rj jKf htsk spb öfKGivkfv dwjfv bf rb. kshƒ zfidb n{ stfj, ydvÛhfb stfj. bsy{ zfibfv sw½fofb pdl, `ncdhLfhfl, du¦lfhfl' rq kfrst

`öfsKGv hftfƒ ksv jdrsk …dyk jKf jcdØk pfvf kfvf n{stfj bsr,

spdlsj sisev snhf snƒ dlsj hst jKf spmskf ncdhLf slsJ snƒ mskf jsr.'

zKy mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }�7&��7._&F$�7%&>XKא�7#4!:'א�א�'@R8/�71אKא�א��'@�'@d7و��<'Fd�٧٠(}��7<&��א��(��א�+vא��' �

ªsr dhw¶fdnoB ! zfïfrsj Hq jv ˆhQ ndEj jKf ht.« (‚rXpfh } 70)


zfv mrfbhD � hstsYb, ))<�>3�<%7#�F}7�FlFd�<%>�<+F$7و��F�)�<%7#�7��7�F$�F}< F�)�9�@d7�8وkF�א�<'F�7و��F�7��F}>�y7�.((� �

ªkcdm kfv nfsK ncn©ijG ucsV yt sp skfmfv nfsK kf bó jvsk yfq, kfv iadk näAhrfv jv sp skfmfv nfsK lchGAhrfv jsv ˆhQ rj jKf ht; pdlW kf dbsuv dhv¢sÝ rq.« (ƒhsb bfÏfv, nrDùt ufsm 3769bQ)

� �nHA sifwfj idvLfb

nHA W Hfstf sifwfj idvLfb ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢sNv idvyq. mrfb naóf nc¦lv, dkdb snZ¦lpG iY¦l jsvb. nckvfQ nc¦lv Kfjf nc¦lv ydvsÛv mfbcsNv zfyvB zhwAƒ rsh.

dj§Â nHA sifwfj hst jfsj? zfmvf nfLfvBHfsh ufdb, zfmfslv dhshj spefsj nHA hf Hfstf hst,

snefƒ dj§Â nHA hf Hfstf bq. kfYfVf pk mfbcN, kk vjsmv mb, kk vjsmv dhshj. dhshsj-dhshsj W iYs¦l-iYs¦l kIf{ zfsY. kfƒ zfmfslv nxdójkGf kKf wvDqk spefsj Hfstf hst, snefsjƒ Hfstf hst smsb dbsk rq. zfv wvDqsk nHA W Hfstf sthfn-sifwfsjv djYc wkG zfsY.

mdrtfslv sifwfsj wkG rt, 1. sthfn spb (shofbfv nfmsb) slsrv nhGfÌsj sTsj vfsJ. 2. sthfn spb ˆmb ifktf bf rq, pfsk jfisVv …iv sKsjW dHksvv

yfmVf busv zfsn. 3. sifwfj spb ˆmb z]fe-n]fe (efƒeXdIe) bf rq, pfsk slsrv …]yc-dbyc

hAÙÁ�rq. 4. sthfn spb sjfb jfsIv mdrtfv zbcjxk bf rq. 5. kf spb icv¢Nslv sthfsnv zbcv™i bf rq. 6. sthfn spb u]fjumjiCBG iadndÝubj bf rq. 7. sp sthfn mdrtf idvLfb jvsh snefƒ spb (shofbf icv¢sNv nfmsb)

snZ¦lpGmq W lxdó-zfjNGD bf rq. 8. kf spb ncodák bf rq. zfv icv¢Nslv sthfsnv wkGfhtD rt, 1. sthfn spb bfdH sKsj r]fec ipG§À zQw zhwAƒ zfhxk vfsJ. 2. ˆmb ifktf bf rq, pfsk dHksvv yfmVf busv zfsn. 3. ˆmb zf]e-nfe bf rq, pfsk slsrv …]yc-dbyc hAÙÁ�rq.


4. jfsIvslv sthfsnv zbcjxk bf rq. 5. mdrtfslv sthfsnv zbcv™i bf rq. 6. u]fjumjiCBG iadndÝubj bf rq. 7. ofP rtcl hf ufIvfbD vsMv bf rq. 8. sthfn spb svwmD jfisVv bf rq. 9. idvdrk sthfn (ifqufmf, iAf¦eX, tcdÌ,�jfmDn iaHxdk) spb ifsqv

o]fsev dbsy bf pfq. …ÙÁ wkGfhtD iftb j'sv sp bfvD-icv¢N sifwfj idvLfb jvsh, kfslvsj

ydvÛhfb hst oBA jvf rsh. ksh ˆ jKfW dEj sp, sifwfj-idv¤Yl rs¤Y, mfbcsNv msbv liGB. mb sp

iajxdkv rsh, kfv Yfi Icse …Esh slsrv sifwfsj. msb ivsrpofdv bf Kfjst, sj… ivsrpofsvv sifwfj idvLfb jvsk ifsv bf. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}7&��p>!7"�74د7م�<�Fd��7!�7v�F$�<-@C< F�7��7�>��9�7 >�\�ذ�F}>�7א��7i7'R8و�7<�7�س:�و7�9&��7'>�7א/<C@->�&:'7אG{� �ªsr hbD zflm! (sr mfbhufdk) skfmfslv tÏf²¿fb Tfjfv W

shwHCNfv …sÜswA zfdm skfmfslv ubA idv¤Yl zhkDBG jsvdY. zfv nQpmwDtkfv idv¤Ylƒ nshfG{jxó. (zf'vfI } 26)

zhwA TM W nM jvfv dbdmsÙ zsbsj Hfstf nfufv Hfstf sthfn ivsk ifsv. dj§Â zfyvsB iajfw sisq pfsh kfslv zfnt idvyq.

nHA W Hû mfbcsNv idvyq ifWqf pfsh Hû W wftDb sifwfsjv dHksv. spmb znHA W zHû stfsjv idvyq ifWqf pfsh kfv znHA W zwftDb sifwfsjv dHksv.

lxdó�zfjNGB jvfv hùdhl i§¿fv msLA zwftDb sifwfj idvLfb jvf zbAkm. mrfb zfïfr kfƒ dhLfb dlsqsYb, pfsk bfvD-icv¢N ncnHA sifwfj idvLfb jsv ˆhQ …Hsqƒ dbu dbu lxdó nQpk vfsJ. bfvDv ubA dhLfb dlsqsYb ilGfv. ilGf rt idhÛkf W wftDbkfv idvyq. zhwAƒ snƒ nfsK wkG rt msbv ilGf W idhÛkf.

„NGfhÙf

ydvÛhfb icv¢N …lfv rsh dEjƒ, dj§Â ˆk …lfv bq sp, kfv Ist kfv zfk¹mpGflfW LCtftcdØk rq. mfdev mskf dhbqD rWqf Hfstf, dj§Â mfdev mfbcN rsq `sH]Vf' rWqf Hfstf bq. ncicv¢sNv t[B bq sp, sn kfv ²ÃD-jbAfsj


zw½Dtkf sKsj v[f jvsh bf zKhf zw½Dtkfv sJfwhfso kfslvsj ilfiGB jvsk slsJW „NGfd¦hk rsh bf.

ydvÛhfb lchGtkfwCbA öfmD sjfb dlb ivjDq siasm sI]sn pfWqf ²ÃDsj susbðsb [mf jvsk ifsv bf. kftfj bf dlstW z§Àk}is[ djYc wfd²Àv hAh²¿f zhwAƒ jsv. bsy{ sn ˆmb bvm rsk ifsv bf sp, ifw sKsj sj… wfnb jvst sn htsh, `djYc msb jsvf bf ufbc! Wvf hcsU bf, ˆ nh stfsjv yÛÁf§À. Wvf dhw¶fn bf jvstW zfdm skfmfsj dhw¶fn jdv snfbf!'

zhwA ˆmb öfmD dmnsvv zfpDspv mskfW bq, sp kfv zfdwak lfn ƒ…ncI W k]fvƒ siasm rfhcFchc JfWqf ²ÃD pctfƒJfsj hstdYt,

�&'��)��٢٩(}�א��7X>��>}8�9)�>;!@u�7%>#�7�>~>h�7��<{<�و7א�>7X7f��9�>y<r7א��F$�<%7>�9ض>�&:'�:�:{ �ªsr ƒ…ncI! kcdm ˆ dhNqsj …si[f jv ˆhQ sr bfvD! kcdm skfmfv

zivfsLv ubA [mf iafKGbf jv, dbÇyq kcdmƒ zivfdLbD.« (ƒ…ncI } 29)�zfpDq ²ÃDv dhv¢sÝ sjfb ils[i bf jvstW z§Àk}is[ ²ÃDv sp slfN dYt,

snef öDjfv jsvdYt ˆhQ zfïfrv jfsY [mf yfƒsk hstdYt. dj§Â …isvfÙÁ öfmD skf êf dhw¶fn hf öDjfvƒ jvsk yfq bf sp, kfv ufbcv sjfb slfN dYt! nckvfQ zfïfrv ifbfr.

²ÃD, jbAf hf shfsbv ydvÛrDbkfsj smsb sbWqf ˆj mrf zivfL. lfdqk¶iafsåv lfdqk¶ iftb bf jvf ˆj iajfv hV dJqfbk. ˆmb zivfL W dJqfbskv Ist mrfb zfïfr vfofd¦hk rb.

vnCt � hstsYb, ))mM��e�:��@z<!7&�� M��7#<�&��7'>م�7(�� >.9->�א>Rא��ق_�א��@�$<��Fوא��>M��F�?x7�7@א��@M7.?�7��7@ل�9א��x?��"�

�)).وא��8&_'§: �ªdkb hAdÙÁv iadk zfïfr djqfmskv dlb kfdjsq slJshb bf; dikf-mfkfv

zhfLA n§Àfb, icv¢NshdwbD hf icv¢sNv nflxwA zhtìbjfdvBD mdrtf ˆhQ smVf icv¢N; (sp kfv ²ÃD, jbAf W shfsbv ydvÛrDbkf W sbfQvfdmsk yci Kfsj ˆhQ hfLf slq bf.)« (zfrmfl 6180, bfnf„v jchvf 2343, rfsjm 2562, nrDùt ufsm' 3071bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, ))mM7��F�7��<�Fd�71:�+8�7مKא��FJ7��7�7/��F��7�7/79->�و.< F�7��אFM8!7S�:%>#<�:#�9�<��&:R<�_�א�XK<��و7א��8&_'§:�و7א7��ق_�א7��p>b�>1>�<fF$�7 <�:��א.((� �

ªdkb swaBDv stfsjv ubA zfïfr kfhfvfjf zkfzftf ufâfk rfvfm jsv dlsqsYb. zhAfrkHfsh ml ifbjfvD, dikf-mfkfv zhfLAub ˆhQ ˆmb


„NGfrDb, sp kfv idvhfsvv zw½Dtkfsj smsb sbq.« (zfrmfl 5372, 6113bQ) êfƒ iajxdk, êfƒ öfHfdhj sp, pfv dHksv „mfb Kfjsh sn „NGfhfb rsh.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, »�:%>#<o:��:�א��7r7&�:1K�7_�و7א��aF$א��< F|�«.� �

zKGf{, mc'dmsbv „NGf rq. zfv zfïfr nhsysq shdw jdEb „NGfhfb. (mcndtm 7175bQ)

r]Af, zfïfrv „NGf rq. mrfbhD � hstsYb, �))>1 F�7��:�،�وF|7¦�7@�א��/��F��7�7،�$ن>�&�7p>/A7א��F>�:�#7��+8�7م�7א�7r7&��F��7�7/��)).(ن�8א �

zKGf{, dbÇyq zfïfr kfzftf „NGfd¦hk rb. zfv zfïfr „NGfd¦hk rb kJb, pJb sjfb mfbcN ˆmb jfu j'sv sIst, pf dkdb kfv …iv rfvfm jsvsYb. (hcJfvD 5223, mcndtm 7171bQ)

hvQ mrfb zfïfrv „NGf nhfv yfƒsk shdw. mrfbhD � hstsYb, ))�7&�FM8#@$��8�72:#�>1K��7#<%>�#7��و7א��+F$�:�7 |F$�<%>#��>1�Kن>�א��F$��7p�>�<v7&��:�:��<�7��<وF$��7p�>�<v7/��:1�:7#F$��7&��FM�8#@$��8�72:#�>1Kو7א��<'F��7ن':�F�<�7/��7#�:-F�<�F$�<-:C>27 F�� >�Fd�<-:< FC7��7א�و�¦>=Fu.((� �

zKGf{, sr mcrf©mfslv …©mk! zfïfr zsi[f shdw „NGfhfb sj… sbƒ sp, kfv ÛÁDklfn zKhf lfnD hAdHyfv jvsh (zfv sn kf nrA j'sv sbsh). sr mcrf©mfslv …©mk! zfïfrv jnm! zfdm pf ufdb pdl skfmvf kf ufbsk, kfrst z¬i rfnsk ˆhQ shdw j]flsk. (hcJfvD 1044, mcndtm 2127bQ)

nckvfQ ˆjub zfïfrv mc'dmb hf¦lf jDHfsh kfv ²ÃD-jbAfsj hAdHyfdvBD hf siam dbshlbjfdvBD rsk slsJ „NGfd¦hk bf rsq Kfjsk ifsv?

„mfbD lchGtkf? bfdj kfv mfbdnj hf spZb nQÛÁf§À sjfb lchGtkf? djYc skf hseƒ.

i[f§Àsv ydvÛhkD bfvDv t[B êf bq sp, öfmDv ˆjf§À zbcokf Kfjsh ˆhQ kfv sbfQvfdmskW mcJ Jctsh bf, kfv ivjDq siam slsJW „NGfd¦hkf rsh bf. sn ydvÛhkD bq, sp nkDb rst kfv „NGfq sIse isV, dj§Â öfmDv oftGsüà slJst kfv ofsq u¶ftf Lsv bf.

ianÌk} …sïJA sp, ivicv¢sNv jfsY dbu ²ÃD, jbAf hf shfsbv v™i-spZhb dbsq iawQnf jvf ˆj swaBDv smVfdm. sp iawQnf zbfqfsn dhil sFsj zfbsk ifsv wfd§Àv nQnfsv.


lxdó-nQpm

zShL bfvD zKhf nclwGb hftsjv iadk icv¢sNv ˆhQ zShL icv¢sNv iadk bfvDv njfm lxdóifk zn¤ydvÛkfv zbAkm t[B. ˆƒ ubA mrfb zfïfrv mc'dmbslv iadk dbslGw dlsq öDq bhD �-sj zfslw dlstb,

}�@d�7�>!>#<o:��Nא��'_ :r7&�<%>#�<->f9��7�<"F$א�'@zFy<27&77.:->�وxو:�@b�F}>�7ذ��Fu<زF$�<-:.F��8�71(9نK�7<¦\�א��G��7�>"��:W�7!>#<o<�وd7@�)��٣٠(&�7>!�7:'ن7N��7%< : <r7&�<%>#�>f9��7�<"F$8%�7%zFy<27&77.:%�8وxو:�@b{)�٣١�(��א�!��' �

ªdhÇhfnDslvsj ht, kfvf spb kfslv lxdósj nQpk jsv ˆhQ kfslv spZb zÌsj nfhLfsb nQpk vfsJ; ˆdeƒ kfslv ubA zdLjkv idhÛ. Wvf pf jsv, dbÇyq zfïfr sn dhNsq zhdrk. dhÇhfnD bfvDslvsj ht, kfvf spb kfslv lxdósj nQpk jsv W kfslv tÏf²¿fb v[f jsv. (bCv } 30-31)

zfv mrfbhD �-ˆv dbslGw rt, �))��:��:x8א��p> �y:&�Fe7و�،�>�F$<��F�7<�א��<'�7��F�9)�@�F$<�Fא��Fe7�9،�و�:x8�7<�א��<'7��F�9)�:�:x8א��:�@z<!7&�Fe

Fא��F�9)�@�$<�Fא��p> y:/�Fe77'>��و7א+<��،�و��p>b�9�:x8א��F�9)�>�>+א�=8'>�<�א�'א�p>b�>�F$<�.�((� �ªsjfb icv¢N zbA icv¢sNv ÈåfsÌv dlsj spb bf kfjfq. sjfb bfvD zbA

bfvDv Èå²¿fsbv dlsj spb bf kfjfq. sjfb icv¢N zbA icv¢sNv nsÌ ˆjƒ jfisV spb (…tÌ) wqb bf jsv. (zbcv™iHfsh) sjfb bfvD, zbA bfvDv nfsK ˆjƒ jfisV spb (…tÌ) wqb bf jsv. (mcndtm 794bQ)

spJfsb sost hf hnst zShL lxdóifk rsk ifsv, sn ufqofq pfWqf hf hnf …dyk bq. pfsk buvfdov nfmfbA ±IcdtÌ sKsj dhwft zdojfà Ose bf hsn ˆhQ z]fdJv h]fjf Ycdv äfvf jfsvf r™lq [k-dh[k bf rsq pfq.

zfhC nf„l JclvD � rsk hdBGk, ˆjlf bhD � htstb, ªskfmvf vf²Àfq hnf sKsj dhvk Kfj.« stfsjvf htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! WJfsb zfmfslv hnf YfVf zbA sjfb …ifq sbƒ. zfmvf (WJfsb) hsn hfjAftfi jdv.' vfnCtcïfr � htstb, ªpdl skfmvf vf²Àfq hnf YfVf Kfjsk bf ifv, kfrst vf²Àfv rj zflfq jv.« kfvf dbshlb jvt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! vf²Àfv rj jD?' dkdb htstb,

�))_�F|�،9�7�7א��_�Fu7و�،i7ذF7د_�א��)).א�@!>7��9�FC%�9و7א�!�F��>"�،�:p.8>�:و�<�و7א�F#�:�،�א��F�8م�9و7 �ªlxdó zhbk vfJf, (zivsj) jó slWqf sKsj dhvk Kfjf, nftfsmv uhfh

slWqf ˆhQ Hft jfsuv zfslw slWqf W m¦l jfsu hfLf ialfb jvf.« (hcJfvD 6229, mcndtm 5685bQ)


hAdHyfv jvf lcÇydvÛ t©isev jfu. mCt hAdHyfsvv hù HCdmjf zfsY. kfv msLA kfv iafKdmj ipGfsqv HCdmjf rt njfm lxdóifk. zfv kf rt y[cv hAdHyfv. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��FMF��727#�Fe�F}>�7ذ�@J9�<�:#��7�?v1:�#<�7%א�:� ��7��א�!��Fz8:�،��א��7 >!7�ن��F�7��7�>@u�:9א">%�4د7م�7��7<:f�7�9ز��7f�7�9ز�:��<x?و7א��،�:�l7�7��א��f�7�9�7:�ز �7�ع:�،�و7א��7�N�ن:�ز7�9��:�א�F�FCم:�،�و7א�><�e7��א�:f�7�9و7א�@ذ:�7�ن�9ز

�:1:"?XFC:&�<وF$�:ج<�Fyא��F}>�77!��8،�و7&:��7?ق:�ذ��))�.א�@Fl��،�و7א��i7'<.7&�:��FRو77&7 �ªdbÇyq zfïfr kfzftf zflm n§Àfsbv ubA hAdHyfsvv zQw dtsJ

dlsqsYb; pf sn zhwAƒ ifsh. nckvfQ y[cäsqv hAdHyfv (njfm zShL) lwGb. jBGäsqv hAdHyfv (zShL spZbjKf) wahB, dusHv hAdHyfv (njfm zShL) jKb, rfskv hAdHyfv (njfm zShL) LfvB ˆhQ ifsqv hAdHyfv (njfm zShL isK) omb. zfv r™lq jfmbf W hfnbf jsv ˆhQ ubsbd¦laq kf nkA hf dmKAfq idvBk jsv.« (mcndtm 6925, hcJfvD 6243, 6612bQ)

htf hfùtA, ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢N sö¤Yfq zShL djYc kfdjsq slsJ bf. dj§Â slJfv ƒ¤Yf bf Kfjf nsÙ¶W pdl syfJ isV pfq, kfrst jD jvfv zfsY?

ufvDv dhb zfècïfr � hstb, `zfymjf lxdó n©isjG zfdm vfnCtcïfr �-sj duÎfnf jvtfm. dkdb zfmfsj zfslw jvstb, spb zfdm zfmfv lxdó dIdvsq dbƒ.' (mcndtm 5770bQ)

vfnCtcïfr � zftD �-sj hstdYstb, �»�7&�_�>�7��Fe�9]>�<:/�F�7�z8!א��F�7�z8!9ن�8א�,Fb�F}F��F7;>�א�@و��< F�7و�F}F��@�7�>Gא�«�.� �

ªsr zftD! ˆjhfv buv isV sost zfv däkDqhfv kfdjsq slsJf bf. iaKmhfsvv (zdb¤Yfjxk) buv skfmfv ubA ShL. dj§Â�däkDqhfsvv buv ShL bq. (zfrmfl, zfhC lf†l 2151, dkvdmpD 2777, rfsjm 2788, hfƒrfj¶D 13293, nrDùt ufsm' 7953 bQ)

iajfw Kfsj sp, pf slJf rfvfm, kfv Ydh slJf rfvfm. dhswN j'sv bo´ W zw½Dt Ydh lwGb sjfb ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢sNv zHAfn rsk ifsv bf. jfvB iBGoafID lwGb mfljûhA snhsbv mskf kDha sbwfq idvBk rq. mfljûhA snhb bf j'sv spmb zHAfnDv öd²À zfsn bf, wfd§À zfsn bf, dEj skmbƒ zh²¿f Ose iBGoafID lwGsb zHAfnDv.

mfljfnÙÁvf pkef zfndÙÁ mfljûshAv iadk vfsJ, kfv sKsj shdw zfndÙÁ zfsn bo´ bfvDslr W zdHbDk spZb-dmtb lwGsbv iadk. mfljûhA mfljfnÙÁslv pkef [dk jsv, kfv sKsj shdw [dk jsv bo´ bfvDslr W spZbdmtb lwGsbv mfLAsm …ò kxdå oarBjfvDslv. dj§Â sbwfv sOfsv


[dkoa²Àvf sn [dkv jKf zbcHhW jvsk ifsv bf. idvswsN nhGbfwƒ kfslv HfoA rq.

htf hfùtA, zw½Dt snÆD Ydh lwGsb zHAfnD rWqfv Ist sp njt HqËv [dk vsqsY, kfv msLA jdkiq dbmv™i }-�� snÆD dI¬mX slJfv zHAfn jvfv Ist zivfLDv ±mxdkwdÙÁ stfi sisk

Kfsj. � bo´ Ydh slJfv Ist md²Às°jv n©mcJHfo bó rsq pfq. � snÆD dI¬mX slJfv zHAfn jvfv Ist zivfLDv lf©ikA uDhb L¶Qn rsq

pfq. � snÆD dI¬mX slJfv zHAfn jvfv Ist zivfLD hAdHyfsvv mskf hV ifi

Oefq. � snÆD dI¬mX slJfv zHAfn jvfv Ist zivfLD LNGsBv mskf hV ifi

Oefq. � snÆD dI¬mX slJfv zHAfn jvfv Ist bfhftj dwðslv HdhNA{ hvhfl

rsq pfq. � snÆD dI¬mX slJfv zHAfn jvfv Ist zivfLDv bfbf svfo nxdó rsk

ifsv. nckvfQ sn zShL lwGsb zHAfnD dj sjfb ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢N rsk ifsv?

j[sbf bf.

tÏf²¿fsbv drIfpk ydvÛhfb icv¢N W ydvÛhkD bfvD dbsuslv sofibfsÌv drIfpk jsv. ˆjub icv¢N kfv nfvf slr sjht dbu ²ÃDsj slJfsk ifsv. zbAfsbAv

jfsY bfdH sKsj r]fec ipG§À zhwAƒ sTsj vfsJ. ˆjub bfvD kfv nfvf slr sjht öfmDsj slJfsk ifsv. ˆ YfVf mfKf, rfk-

if mfrvfm hf ôfbf zKhf mdrtfsj slJfsk ifsv. shofbf icv¢sNv jfsY mdrtfv nhGfÌ sofibfÌ.

mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw rt, }�@d�7�>!>#<o:��Nא��'_ :r7&�<%>#�<->f9��7�<"F$א�'@zFy<27&77.:->�وxو:�@b�F}>�7ذ��Fu<زF$�<-:.F��8�71(9نK�7<¦\�א��G��7�>"�

��:W�7!>#<o<�وd7@�)��٣٠(&�7>!�7:'ن7N��7%< : <r7&�<%>#�8%>f9��7�<"F$�7%zFy<27&77.:%�8وxو:�@b��F�7ز9&!7�7.:%��8&:�>�<&%�7و�K�9)��7#�7�7.F¬��7.<!>#�7%<"9�< 7 �:�f9<%�8و7�:�>"��F�7��8%9.>"'�: :x��F�7ز9&!7�7.:%��8&:�>��<&%��7و��K�9)��8%9.>F�'�:�:�>��<وF$�


�"F$�p>!7و>�G9)8%>'7א�<.F$�p>!7"�9و>�(G9>'7א�<.F$�8%9و>�":�:'��7!<"F$�8%9.>F��F$و>�$F$�8%9.>��7!<"Fو>�":�:'��7"4�8%9.>F��F$و>�4"7��<.8%9�F$��7#�<;FCF�7#�8%:.:��7و>��<�F$�8%9.>��7و>�$7GF'7א/<.8%9<&F$�9وF$��7�>�>"��8��9א��< F|��p�>�<و@$��>M�7"<��$Fو�9א��?�7x�ل#��9<��7%א�,99�yNl�7%א�&>XKא��<-F�7:وא��.z7&��F�7��>W7א�>�9">%��7و�F�7��א�!?��7��7'> �7&��8%9.>�:x<�FA�>"��7-F�<�: �>��7#��7��>y<�:&��%�>#� ��א��F�9)�>1Kو7/:'":'א�ز9&!7<.8%9>�7x��7._&F$�7ن':!>#<o:��)��٣١(}/:�y<2:'نCK�7�F��7@->�א�'��א�!��' �

ªdhÇhfnDslvsj ht, kfvf spb kfslv lxdósj nQpk jsv ˆhQ kfslv spZb zÌsj nfhLfsb nQpk vfsJ; ˆdeƒ kfslv ubA zdLjkv idhÛ. Wvf pf jsv, dbÇyq zfïfr sn dhNsq zhdrk. dhÇhfnD bfvDslvsj ht, kfvf spb kfslv lxdósj nQpk jsv W kfslv tÏf²¿fb v[f jsv. kfvf pf nfLfvBk} iajfw Kfsj kf hAkDk kfslv snZ¦lpG spb ialwGb bf jsv, kfvf kfslv h[}²¿t spb mfKfv jfiV äfvf zfhxk vfsJ. kfvf spb kfslv öfmD, dikf, w¶ðv, icÛ, öfmDv icÛ, ëfkf, ëfkc®icÛ, HdobD icÛ, kfslv bfvDoB, dbu zdLjfvHcÙÁ lfn, spZbjfmbf-vdrk zbcyv icv¢N zKhf bfvDslv sofib zÌ nìsá zÎ hftj hAkDk jfvW dbje kfslv snZ¦lpG iajfw bf jsv. zfv kfvf spb ˆmb nsufsv ils[i bf jsv, pfsk kfslv sofib zfHvB iajfw sisq pfq. sr dhÇhfdnoB! skfmvf njst zfïfrv dlsj iakAfhkGb jv, pfsk skfmvf nItjfm rsk ifv. (bCv } 30-31)

hfrXp dhb rfjDsmv lflf ˆjlf htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfslv sofibfÌ jD sofib jvh, zfv jD huGb jvh?' dkdb htstb, ªkcdm skfmfv ²ÃD W ÛÁDklfnD YfVf zsbAv dbjse tÏf²¿fsbv drIfpk jv.« nfrfhD htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! stfsjvf zfsifsn ˆj ufqofq Kfjst?' dkdb htstb, ªpKfnfLA syóf jvsh, sj… spb kf smfseƒ slJsk bf ifq.« nfrfhD htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! sj… pdl dbuGsb Kfsj?' dkdb htstb,

�»:1Kא��_k7+F$�<نF$��7 �.�»א�!8�س27<�:&�:1<!>#�7%>#�9> �ªmfbcN zsi[f zfïfr ˆv shwD rjlfv sp, k]fsj tÏf jvf rsh.« (zfhC

lf†l 4019, dkvdmpD 2794, ƒhsb mfufr 1920, dmwjfk 3117bQ) r]Af, ˆjfjD KfjstW bo´ Kfjf …dyk bq. ˆmbdj sofnstv nmsqW …tÌ

rWqf …dyk bq. há hfKv¢smv dHkvjfv jKf zhwA zftflf. khcW snJfsb tÏf²¿fsb jfiV svsJ sofnt jvf …dyk. spsrkc snJfsb sj… bf slJst mrfb iadkiftj slJsYb. nckvfQ k]fsj tÏf jvf …dyk. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�7&:2<�_��<?¦\�+7 <��¹و�8v7��8�7x7א��71K(9ن8«��7� � u:�7+F$�<�>7<�7@->�א|�7�7�7אFb,9ذ�7و7א��8>��7א72�Fb«�.� �


ªdbÇyq zfïfr zfpXpf zufïX tÏfwDt, sofibjfvD. dkdb tÏfwDtkf W sofibDqkfsj iY¦l jsvb. nckvfQ pJb skfmfslv sj… sofnt jvsh, kJb sn spb sofibDqkf zhtìb jsv (ilGfv nfsK jsv).« (zfhC lf†l, bfnf„ 406, dmwjfk 447bQ)

zfv mdrtf? kfv hAfifsv mrfbhD � hstsYb, ))@�F$<�Fא��m�7��)).א��8 >Fl�ن:�א�>Fb�>;7x7�7G��7.Fb7�<�7,9ذ7א��7'> �

ªsmsq mfbcN (nhefƒ) tÏf²¿fb (sofibDq). zfv sn pJb shv rq, kJb wqkfb kfsj icv¢sNv lxdósk ncswfHb jsv skfst.« (dkvdmpD 1173, dmwjfk 3109 bQ)

ªmdrtf rt sofibDq dudbn. hfƒsv shv rst wqkfb kfv dlsj oHDv lxdósk dbdbGsmN kfdjsq slJsk Kfsj.« (k¶fhfvfbD, ƒhsb drêfb, ƒhsb Jcpfƒmf, nrDr kfvoDh 339, 341, 342bQ)

ˆƒ ubA zfm sofntJfbf, icjcv, blD, ral, dUt hf nmcû Ofse hf kDsv sofnt jvf sjfb mdrtfv ubA ufsqp bq. jfvB snJfsb du¶b W mfbcN wqkfsbv lxdó kfv slsr isV. mrfbhD � hstb,

�))א72��8�م�7+�7< �F�Fb�<�>G<�:&�:17F��אG��<��9و7א� 7'>مFu�:%>#<o:&�>1K��>"�9�ن�7و%7#7>(( �ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfr W ivjfst dhÇhfn vfsJ sn spb kfv ²ÃDsj nfLfvB

sofntJfbfq iashw jvsk bf slq.« (zfrmfl 14651, nrDr kfvoDh 160bQ) …s©m lfvlf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, ˆjlf zfdm nfLfvB sofntJfbf rsk

shv rtfm. ƒkAhnsv bhD �-ˆv nfsK zfmfv nf[f{ rst dkdb zfmfsj htstb, ªsjfsÚsj, sr …s©m lfvlf?!« zfdm httfm, `sofntJfbf sKsj.' dkdb htstb,

))�>XKو7א��p>�y7��>�>�7 >"��7#�<%>#��F$7�<#7[:�א 7/��7.7"�7 >��p>b�9�< F|�7">;< ��7+F$�<%>#��7.>/�7.8#@$��K�9)�7p>f7و��mM�FC>/�7f�8�@u��<>��7.7!< 7"�7%< �)).א��8+>�7%�9و7"7 �

ªsnƒ nÙfv wiK; p]fv rfsk zfmfv iafB zfsY! sp sjfbW mdrtf kfv sjfb mfsqv Ov YfVf zbA ²¿fsb dbsuv jfiV sJfst, sn kfv W ivm lqfmq (zfïfrv) mfsU iaskAj ilGf dhlDBG jsv sIst.« (zfrmfl 27038, k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv, nrDr kfvoDh 162bQ)

bfvDv ubA ³hL bq sjfb jstu hf j½fsh wvDvyyGfv bfsm dbu sifwfj sJftf. spsrkc mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))�7�_&F$��F$7�<#7�7;>�אv7��7.7"�7 >��p>b�9�< F|��7.>< �.))�<>��א��7!>.7��א��7�7G�:1Kق7"�7 �ªsp bfvD öoxr YfVf zbA ²¿fsb dbsuv ilGf vfsJ (jfiV sJfst) zfïfr kfv


ilGf W tÏfwDtkfsj dhlDBG jsv slb. (zKhf sn dbsu jsv slq.) (zfrmfl 26611, k¶fhfvfbD 710, rfsjm 7782, ðzfhct „mfb hfƒrfj¶D 7774bQ)

))�7�_&F$��F$7�<#7�7;>�אv7��7.7"�7 >��p>b�9�< F|�>;< 7"��7.>x<ز7و�<;FC77f�7�<>��7#��7.7!< 7"�7%< �7"?.7��و7"7.((� �ªsp mdrtf dbsuv öfmDoxr YfVf zbA oxsr dbsuv jfiV sJfst, sn zfïfr

zfpXpf zufïf W kfv dbsuv mfsU ilGf dhlDBG jsv sIst.« (zfrmfl 24140, dkvdmpD 2803, ƒhsb mfufr 3750, rfsjm, n} ufsm' 2710bQ)

kfrst htcb, shilGf bfvD dj ncydvÛhkD rsk ifsv? ydvÛrDbf, znkD, ëóf hf bóf bf rstW hfƒsv jfiV sJftf smsqv n¤ydvÛkf dj idhÛ Kfjsk ifsv?

sp zfstfjiafåfslv slsr ivicv¢Nslv syfsJv nfmsb nCspGv zfstf isV, kfvf dj zfslZ ydvÛhkD Kfjsk ifsv?

pfvf shfvjfv z]fLfvW W srsvm sYsV hfƒsv ˆsn icv¢Nslv j]fsL j]fL dmtfq, kfslv ydvÛ W nkDk¶ dj dbmGt Kfjsk ifsv?

…Ùv zfibfv jfsY. v¢dy zfib zfib.

spZb n¤ydvÛkf ydvÛhfb mfbcN htsk zfmvf nfLfvBk} snƒ mfbcNsj hcdU, sp sjfb iajfv

zShL spZbfyfsv dtå rq bf zKhf kfv dbjehkGD sjfb jfsu udVk rq bf. sp mfbcN zShL siam-iDdvsk uVfq bf. sp lf©ikA uDhsb ivjDq siasm sJqfbk jsv bf. ˆmbdj hác-hác, Hfƒ-shfb, mf-shef, hfi-shde, LsmGv hfi zKhf äDbD Hfƒ-

shfsbv bfsmW sjfb zShL hf nd¦lÊ n©isjG dtå rq bf. ydvÛhfb sjfb iajfv zw½Dtkf hf bfvD W spZb nQÛÁf§À sjfb zShL

zfyvsBv dbjehkGD rq bf. bokf W shstïfibfsj nmKGb jsv bf. bsy{ ydvÛ L¶Qsnv mCt jfvB rt zShL spZbkf. zfv pchj-pchkDsj

ydvÛrDb jvfv mCt iahxdÙ rt spZhsbv …¦mflbf. spZhbjft hV …¦mÙkfv. spZhsbv iK hV di¤Yt. ˆJfsbƒ kfslv il±Jtb Ose. mb hV m¦liahB. pchj-pchkDv zfjNGB hV wdÙÁwftD. kfslv mfsU nrfqj wqkfb hV k{iv. spZbkxòf dbhfvB jvfv ³hL i§¿f zfsY, dj§Â kf zdk nru bq. ˆƒ ubA mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�8��(9ن8((>#��7�<GF$�<-@C< F�7��>W7.7'7אa�?p7r�א�p>b�<-@C>�'@l:"�<-@C>xو:�@b7و�>W�K�> �)).אy�<7%�9و#7: �ªzfdm skfmfslv ubA sp njt dudbn Hq jdv, kfv msLA zbAkm rt

skfmfslv …lv W spZb-nQÛÁf§À ëójfvD jciahxdÙ ˆhQ ëójfvD dIkbf.«


(zfrmfl 19772bQ) ydvÛrDbkfv nh yfƒsk hV zw½Dtkf rt dhhfr-hdrHCGk n©isjGv susv

spZb-dmtb hf nrhfsn dtå rsq iVf. zfv ˆmb mrfifsi sjfb mc'dmb bfvD-icv¢N dtå rsk ifsv bf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�»Fe��>�<v7&�p>8א�v�7א��>+�p>�<v7&�7':f7و�\%>#<o:#�Fe79ق:�&�7>�9ق:�و��وo�:#�Fe7>#<%\��وf7:�'��7&��7>�9ق:��+<��7א��8�:�7�<�7&�7�<��.�»#:o>#<%\�وf7:'�7&�7>�7":.7��+<��7א7��

ªsjfb hAdHyfvD pJb hAdHyfv jsv, kJb mc'dmb Kfjf zh²¿fq sn hAdHyfv jvsk ifsv bf. sjfb syfv pJb ycdv jsv, kJb mc'dmb Kfjf zh²¿fq sn ycdv jvsk ifsv bf ˆhQ sjfb mlAifqD pJb mlAifb jsv, kJb mc'dmb Kfjf zh²¿fq sn mlAifb jvsk ifsv bf.« (hcJfvD 2475, mcndtm 211bQ, zfnrfsh ncbfb)

hAdHyfv ˆmb ˆjde zivfL pf zdhhfdrk zh²¿fq jvst ˆjwk yfhcj W ˆj hYv slwf§Àsvv wfd²À Hcosk rq. zfv dhhfdrk zh²¿fq jvst ixdKhDsk sh]sy Kfjfv zdLjfv bó rsq pfq. ydvÛrDb hAdHyfvDslv ubA mLAuosk zsi[f jvsY zfÈsbv ycdï, spJfsb kfvf …tÌ zh²¿fq zfÈsbv lrb-iahfsr …Efbfmf jvsh! iv§Â kfv ²¿fb rsh ufrfâfsm. dj§Â mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))�<%7�<sF$�>1< F�<x9��7%< 7 >1<�و7"��7#7 <2F��7%< 7"��7#�p>��<%7�< 7&�<%7#�FM8!F1:�א�F�.((� �ªsp hAdÙÁ lcƒ syfqfstv mLAhkDG (zÌ duH) ˆhQ lcƒ ifsqv mLAhkGD (zÌ

ÈåfÌ) nìsá dbÇyqkf slsh, zfdm kfv ubA ufâfskv dbÇyqkf slh.« (hcJfvD 6474bQ)

mrfb zfïfr hAdHyfvsj rfvfm jsvsYb. rfvfm jsvsYb kfv dbjehkGD rsk. dkdb hstsYb,

}Fe77":'א�و�R7/��7�?vن�7(18�9:�א��Fu�M7�>+�Fb��7�7��و >�7�{)�٣٢�(��א]��א��' �ªskfmvf hAdHyfsvv dbjehkDG rsqf bf, dbÇyq kf zw½Dt W dbjxó

‚yvB.« (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 32) hAdHyfsvv hù HCdmjf zfsY. zfv kfv mfLAsmƒ hAdHyfsvv dbjehkGD rq

pchj-pchkD. spmb smsqslv shilGf rsq ytfsIvf jvf, dbuGbkf zhtìb jvf, nvfndv zKhf sjfb ps§Ãv mfLAsm spfofspfo v[f j'sv ytf, zShL n©ijG jfsqm jvf, siam-Hfstfhfnfv uft nxdó jvf, spZb-jKf htf, jfmlxdósk slJfsldJ jvf, ˆsj zsbAv Ydh dhdbmq jvf, zhfsL dmtfsmwf jvf, ëmB jvf, ˆsj zsbAv slr ±iwG jvf ƒkAfdl.

mrfbhD � hstsYb,


�))��FMF��727#�Fe�F}>�7ذ�@J9�<�:#��7�?v1:�#<�7%א�:� ��7��א�!��F�7��7�>@u�:��،�:��Fz8א">%�4د7م�7��7<:f�7�97�ن�9ز!< א��7��7f�7�9ز�:��<x?و7א��،�:�l7�7��א��f�7�9�7:�ز �7�ع:�،�و7א��7�N�ن:�ز7�9��:�א�F�FCم:�،�و7א�><�e7��א�:f�7�9و7א�@ذ:�7�ن�9ز

FRو7א��،��Fl@1:�א�:"?XFC:&�<وF$�:ج<�Fyא��F}>�77!��8،�و7&:��7?ق:�ذ��))�.��:�&�i7'<.7و77&7 �ªdbÇyq zfïfr kfzftf zflm n§Àfsbv ubA hAdHyfsvv zQw dtsJ

dlsqsYb; pf sn zhwAƒ ifsh. nckvfQ y[cäsqv hAdHyfv (njfm zShL) lwGb. jBGäsqv hAdHyfv (zShL spZbjKf) wahB, dusHv hAdHyfv (njfm zShL) jKb, rfskv hAdHyfv (njfm zShL) LfvB ˆhQ ifsqv hAdHyfv (njfm zShL isK) omb. zfv r™lq jfmbf W hfnbf jsv ˆhQ ubsbd¦laq kf nkA hf dmKAfq idvBk jsv.« (mcndtm 6925, hcJfvD 6243, 6612bQ)

hAdHyfsvv sjfb HCdmjfskƒ ydvÛhfb Kfjsk ifsv bf. sjfb ydvÛhfb zdHnfdvjfv zdHnfsv nfVf dlsk ifsv bf; pdlW kf jdEb. dhswN j'sv pchkD níf§Àf W nc¦lvD rst. zfv jdEb hstƒ ˆsrb s[sÛ dbsuv ydvÛ idhÛ vfJfv mrficvõfv vsqsY djqfmsk. mrfbhD � hstsYb,�

))��:1£�>¬�Ke)�8�>¬�Fe�71<�&7'>مN�>¬��@��\�د7�7>�1:�א#>��m�$7ذ7אW:�#7!��7و7�z:&�mM7�<�7�....�:��:x7<�£.:-:�א7�7�ل�،�FRFb�ل�7x7و�:��:�א�7G$�p?�).((� �

ªnfk hAdÙÁsj zfïfr djqfmskv dlb k]fv (zfvswv) Yfqf lfb jvshb spdlb k]fv (‰) Yfqf dHâ zbA sjfb Yfqf Kfjsh bf; k¦msLA--- ˆjub snƒ hAdÙÁ pfsj sjfb níf§Àf nc¦lvD (hAdHyfsvv …sÜswA) zfr¶fb jsv dj§Â sn hst, zfdm zfïfrsj Hq jdv.« (hcJfvD 660 bQ mcndtm 2427bQ)

ydvÛhfb pchj-pchkD sjfb ndáÊ dhhfsrv I]fsl isV nrhfnsj ³hL msb jsv bf. spmb mckf (nfmdqj ycdÙÁv) dhhfr, zdHHfhjrDb dhhfr hf md¦lsvv nfmsb dhhfsrv zbcjvsB mnduslv nfmsb dhhfr j'sv nrhfn jsv bf.

sjfbW mcndtm dhjxk spZbfyfsvW dtå rsk ifsv bf. lcsLv öfl sOfst dmefsbfv …sÜswA sjfb dhvt iajxdkv spZbfyfsv dbsuv diifnf dbhfvB jsv bf. ˆjmfÛ ydvÛrDsbvfƒ kf jvsk ifsv. zfv kfv wfd²ÀW yvm ƒntfsmv nQdhLfsb.

lcÇydvÛ iðombjfvDslv hAfifsv dbslGw rt, �»<%7#�:�':�:/<�7x7�7و]Fd7و��F�7��M7� 9.7"�:�'@�:d�Fbא�'@�:dو7א�FM7� �.�»17�7#:�א9.7��

ªsp hAdÙÁsj sjfb ið-nÌsm dtå ifsh, sn hAdÙÁ W sn iðsj skfmvf rkAf jsv sItsh.« (dkvdmpD 1455, ƒhsb mfufr 2564, rfsjm 8049, hfƒrfj¶D 17491, 17492, nrDùt ufsm' 6588bQ)


ydvÛrDb nmjfmDslv hAfifsv dbslGw rt,��»<%7#�:�':�:/<�7x7�7:�و�<�7&�7�7��.�»"<1<�و7א��y7:'ل�7אd�Fb�7�>��Fy�:�@'א��@'ط��Fd'>م7��9 �

ªskfmvf sp hAdÙÁsj tCk bhDv …©mskv mk nmjfsm dtå ifsh, sn hAdÙÁ W kfv nrjmDGsj rkAf jsv sIstf.« (zfrmfl 2732, zfhC lf…l 4464, dkvdmpD 1456, ƒhsb mfufr 2561, hfƒrfjD 17475, nrDùt ufsm' 6589bQ)

dbsuv dhsq jvf h…sqv nfsKW dhjxk v¢dyv spZbfyfv jvf pfsh bf. spsrkc mrfbhD � hstsYb,

��7�F$��:x7و�9א#>�b��F$7<��א��_":�9((/F$��:x7��F�9)�:1Kא��:�@z<!7&�Fe((.� �ªzfïfr (djqfmskv dlb) snƒ hAdÙÁv dlsj sysqW slJshb bf, sp hAdÙÁ

sjfb icv¢sNv mtäfsv zKhf sjfb ²ÃDv ifqJfbf-äfsv nÌm jsv.« (dkvdmpD 1165, bfnf„v jchvf 9001, ƒhsb drêfb 4418, nrDùt ufsm' 7801bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, �»<%7#��7/F$�� F�7א��7v�<�F$��:1�Kل#��7<�F$��!>f�Fu��:1Fd8�7��Fb��<��FRFb��7Á9��7"��8و>�د:":��p>b��7f9א#>�F$��F$7و>�+7��<��8�72:#�>1< F�7��F�8م:�א��F�8و7א��«.� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb ‡kcmkD ²ÃD (mfdnj zh²¿fq) nÌm jsv zKhf sjfb ²ÃDv ÈrAäfsv nrhfn jsv, zKhf sjfb oBsjv dbje …id²¿k rsq (sn pf hst kf) dhw¶fn jsv, sn hAdÙÁ mcrf©mfl �-ˆv zhkDBG jcvzfsbv nfsK jcIvD jsv.« (zKGf{ jcvzfbsjƒ sn zdhw¶fn W zmfbA jsv. jfvB, jcvzfsb ˆ nh jcjmGsj dbdNÝ sOfNBf jvf rsqsY.) (zfrmfl 9290, zfhC lf†l 3906, dkvdmpD 135, ƒhsb mfufr 639, hfƒrfj¶D 14504bQ)

spsrkc jcvzfsb htf rsqsY, }F}7�'@�FA<�7&77��9%�9و� >27� ��p>b�9א�!?��7��9v7<��Fb@'א�$Fذ�d�7':f�i@�>�א�>27��+f':"7�R7/��7��87:%�8و�Fe7א�

7 >�� :�#<��%>�Fl7/�8%:f':/A��Fb.��8>ن��Fb�7,9ذ7א�&l7.:��>ن7+�:-@u7��7#F$�:1و7&:2<��_�א��8'8א"<��7&:2<��_�א��71(9ن�8א��7%&9�?.Fl7:��Rא��'��)��٢٢٢(}א� �

ªstfsj skfmfsj vu}nafh n©isjG duÎfnf jsv. kcdm ht, kf zwcdy. nckvfQ skfmvf vu}nafhjfst ²ÃDnÌ huGb jv ˆhQ pkdlb bf kfvf idhÛ rq, (nrhfsnv ubA) kfslv dbjehkGD rsqf bf. zk}iv pJb kfvf idhÛ rq, kJb kfslv dbje dEj snƒHfsh omb jv, spHfsh zfïfr skfmfslvsj zfslw dlsqsYb. dbÇyq zfïfr [mfiafdKGoBsj ˆhQ pfvf idhÛ Kfsj, kfslvsj iY¦l jsvb. (hfj¶fvfr } 222)

zfv hstsYb,


}�@d��K��:-F�<�7&�%7#�p>b�>W7�و7א��>ض�9א��8FA��7و7א�< 7r�א��K�9)�:1K8�ن�7&�7>�:�:ون�7و7#7��א��&F$�77=:'ن�<�:&{� �ªht, `zfïfr hAkDk zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDsk sj…ƒ zlxwA dhNsqv Îfb

vfsJ bf ˆhQ Wvf jJb icbv¢dÚk rsh (kfW) Wvf ufsb bf.« (bfmXt } 65) ˆ YfVf ˆj iajfv dhjxk spZbfyfv rt r²ÀSmKcb jvf. ydvÛhfb pchj-pchkD

kf jsv bf ˆhQ zbAfbA njt iajfv zöfHfdhj spZbfyfsv dtå rq bf. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr mc'dmbslv ÈB hBGbfq hstsYb,

7%&>XKو7א��<-:f�<-9.>xو:�@y>��7ن'@z>b�7+�()�Ke9)��F�7��<-�9.>xز>و7אF$�<�7��$و#��<;�FCF�7#��<-:.:��7�<&F$��<-:.8�9,�Fb��:��< F|�7�>#'@�7#�()�<%7�Fb��7r7<"�7א�7א��()א7��د:ونAFb�<-:f�7@و>��F}>~Fذ�F}>�7و7 �

ªpfvf dbsuslv spZb zÌsj nQpk vfsJ. dbsuslv ikD zKhf zdLjfvHcÙÁ lfnD hAkDk; ˆsk kfvf db¦lbDq rsh bf. nckvfQ sj… ˆslvsj YfVf zbAsj jfmbf jvst, kfvf rsh nDmftQObjfvD.« (mc'dmbCb } 5-7, mfzfdvu 29-31)

ydvÛhfb zdhhfdrk pchj-pchkD zKhf lCsv Kfjf öfmD-²ÃD spZb-iDVsb iDdVk rst mrfb iadkiftjsj Hq jsv ˆhQ zdkdvÙÁ …sÙubf lmsbv …sÜswA svfpf iftb jsv. bsy{ zfmHfsh kfvf ufsb, sofisb ˆmb djYcsk dtå sKsj mfbcsNv y[csj I]fdj slWqf sostW iadkiftsjv y[csj I]fdj slWqf nýh bq. zfv ˆmbW rsk ifsv sp, wfd²À öv™i lcdbqfskƒ kfv slsr nQÛÁdmk rsk ifsv ˆmb svfo, pfv bfm sn ƒdkiCshG jJsbf swfsbdb. mrfbhD � nfrfhfoBsj nkjG j'sv hstdYstb,

))��7%&9�>x��7.:�7�>�T\�(9ذ7א�א">:�< �:->�"<.�9%�8و�F$7:�'ذ:�"<��F$�>1�Kن>�/:��>�z7/�<-�F��8%:f'@u9.��9��7&7��7#>��7�7א�G��<;7 �7#�<%@C7/�<-F��>K7�ع:�א�x<وFن:�و7א�':��Kl9-:�א�. >b��7�Fb�Ke9)��7.>"��87&:�>�<!:'א�+�£�Fdم�<'Fd��>b�@M7�>+�Fy�א

7'>א 7#�7%&>XN9-:�א�.>bF�<�F$��>b((.� �ªsr mcrfduvlt! i]fyde jmG ˆmb vsqsY pfsk skfmvf dtå rsq iVst

(…ipcÙÁ wfd²À skfmfslvsj oafn jvsh). zfdm zfïfrv dbje ifbfr yfƒ, pfsk skfmvf kf iakA[ bf jv.

(kfv msLA ˆjde rt,) pJbƒ sjfb ufdkv msLA zw½Dtkf (hAdHyfv) iajfwAHfsh hAfij rsh, kJbƒ snƒ ufdkv msLA si½o ˆhQ ˆmb mrfmfvD hAfij rsh pf kfslv iChGicv¢Nslv mfsU dYt bf.« (hfƒrfjD, ƒhsb mfufr 4019bQ, nrDr kfvoDh 764bQ)

zfwf jdv, sjfb mfbcNƒ ˆ HdhNA{-hfBDv nkAkf zöDjfv jvsk ifsv bf. ***


zflwGhÙf

ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢N rq nmfu-zfjfswv kfvjf. kfslvsj slsJ nfLfvB stfsjvf ndEj isKv dlwf ifq. kfvf zisvv ubA zflwG W bmcbf rq. kfvf ödhsvfLD rq bf. kfvf zivsj Hfstf dw[f dlsq dbsuvf m¦l jfu jsv bf zKhf zivsj m¦l sKsj lCsv Kfjsk hst dbsuvf kfv dHksv Kfsj bf.

mrfbhD � hstb, »:�7=7#��>XKא��:-N�7�:&�7�7א�!8�س�< ��7��:17��y7��،��:��7=7#��M�Fو7&7!>�א7��>Fy�א��:�p> �و7/:2>��9ق:��،��<�!�8�س��9/:��7.7�y7�«.� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ stfsjslvsj Hfstf dw[f slq ˆhQ dbsusj Hcst hsn snƒ hAdÙÁv …lfrvB ˆjde (ialDsiv) idtkfv mk; sp stfsjslvsj zfstf lfb jsv, dj§Â dbsusj u¶fdtsq L¶Qn jsv!« (hfpXpfv, nrDr kfvoDh 130bQ)

zfv mrfb zfïfrv jfsYW kf iY¦lbDq bq. dkdb hstsYb, }$A7/F#:�:ون�7א�!8�س�7"<��<�?�و7/7!�7'>نC7�@y�F$�7@->�و�F$7:->�/7>�@'ن�7אR<�7/�F�FbF$�7��7>C�<�@'ن7{

zKGf{, jD zfÇypG! skfmvf dbsuslv dh±mxk rsq mfbcNsj n{jfsuv dbslGw lfW, zKy skfmvf djkfh (oa§¿) zLAqb jv, ksh dj skfmvf hcU bf? (hfj¶fvfr } 44)�

R7#�7�:�Fu��<!��7א��F$�>1�Kن�/R7@'�@�'א��F��7#��)�٢(&F$��7&_.7��א�7#F4�7%&>XK!:'א��<-R7/�7@'�@'ن�7�y7/��F��7#�7@'ن��7{��א��)��٣(}/�7�y7@'ن7'�

zKGf{, sr dhw¶fdnoB! skfmvf pf jv bf, kf ht sjb? skfmvf pf jv bf, skfmfslv kf htf zfïfrv dbje zdkwq zns§ÀfNubj. (n¶fI } 2-3)

nckvfQ ödhsvfdLkf ˆjde mrf zivfL. zfv kfv ubAƒ ivjfst kfv dhswN wfd²À vfJf rsqsY.

zfïfrv vnCt � hstsYb, �))��7�<!7Fb�،�9� :��FR�א�!8�Fb�>M7#�7 R�9&7'>م�7א��:x8��"��7/<o:&��:��7��&��7:وFu��7.>"�:� �:وFb�>1>!l7"�:��7d$�:k>�

R7@'�@'ن��7Fb�،�9� >f$�1>�:�א�!8�F�9)�:]>�7<S7 Fb�،��7+8א��:��7�&b��7@�ن:�،��F}F��7#؟�$A7/�@}7/�<-F�F#:�:��:�א�< R@'ل:��Fb�9؟��FC<!@و7/!.�9%7��7א��>� 1<�،�و$�>.�F��>"�:�:#4�:;<!@u�،��F�7"��9%�7��7>�:و�<��:�"��>�:و>/4�e7و�

�>1 �)).א�@!>�9�FCو47/< �ªdjqfmskv dlb ˆj hAdÙÁsj zfbf rsh. zk}iv kfsj ufrfâfsm dbs[i


jvf rsh. snJfsb kfv bfdV-Hc]dV shv rsq pfsh ˆhQ sn kfv yfdvifsw ˆmbHfsh Ocvsk Kfjsh, spmb ofLf kfv yfdjv yfdvifsw Ocvsk Kfsj. kJb ufrfâfmDvf kfv jfsY ˆjdÛk rsq kfsj htsh, `Wsr zmcj! skfmfv ˆ zh²¿f sjb? kcdm bf (zfmfslvsj) n{ jfsuv zfslw, zfv zn{ jfsu hfLf lfb jvsk?' sn htsh, `zhwAƒ. zfdm (skfmfslvsj) n{jfsuv zfslw dlkfm; dj§Â zfdm kf dbsu jvkfm bf ˆhQ zn{ jfsu hfLf lfb jvkfm; zKy zfdm dbsuƒ kf jvkfm!« (hcJfvD 3267, mcndtm 7674bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, )):W<�7�7#�FMF�< F��7�9�<�@$�p>"��F�7م��<'Fd�:7ض�R:/�<-:.:f�Fy>a�7�&9��FR7�>"�<%>#��7��:;�@d��7#��>��F�:o7f��7ل��Fd�>��F�:o7f�:��7�Fl:G�F}>8#@$�<%>#�9�<fF$��7 �&7>�@�'ن��7وy<�F$��<-�:f7@��7.:->��و7&7!>�7'>ن�7"<��<�?�א�!8�سA7&�7#:�:ونFu�7��:'א�א��_�>�)).&R<�7<�@'نC��F�FbF$�7<7��7א� �

ªzfdm dm'vfsuv vfsk ˆmb ˆjlt stfsjv ifw dlsq zdkÛÁm jsvdY pfvf zfÈsbv j]fƒdy äfvf dbsuslv sE]fe jfedYt. zfdm duÎfnf jvtfm, `sr duhvDt! Wvf jfvf?' dkdb htstb, `Wvf zfibfv …©mskv hÙÁflt; pfvf dbsuslv dh±mxk rsq mfbcNsj n{jfsuv dbslGw dlk, zKy Wvf djkfh (oa§¿) zLAqb jvk, ksh dj Wvf hcUk bf.« (zfrmfl 12211, 12856 iaHxdk, ƒhsb drêfb 53, k¶fhfvfbDv zfWnfk¶ 2832, hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb 1773, zfhC qAf'tf 3992, nrDr kfvoDh 125bQ)

sjfb jfu ðv¢ jvsk dbsu ðv¢ jvf ydvÛhfsbv zftfmk. kfsk slJfsldJ zsbAvfW jfu ðv¢ jsv. zsbsj tÏfq isV nk¶v jfsu stso isV. nckvfQ iaskAj jfsu zflwGhfbslv ubA zisvv idvyftj rWqf hfÒbDq. hfdVv mcv¢êD rsh hfdVv stfsjv ubA zflwG. lflf, bfbf, w¶ðv W hfhf rsh n§Àfb hf ufmfƒsqv ubA zflwG. lflD, bfbD, wfðVD W mf rsh smsq W h…slv ubA zflwG. kf bf rst, wfðVD pdl l]fdVsq mcsk, h…vf mcksh Ocvifj dlsq---êfƒ öfHfdhj.

ydvÛhfb rsh nhG-jtAfsBv ƒmfm. sn rsh vrmfsbv snƒ hf¦lf, sp zfïfrv jfsY iafKGbf j'sv hst,

}>/�8&?�7�!7��<��:R8<��7(9#7�#��و7א�R7&�7%&>XK@'�@'ن�7�F$�<%>#��7!F��<�7f��7!8"7ز>و7אx<!7��و7ذ:�<xو7א�%: <�F$�F�8�@d��7!{�� zKGf{, pfvf (iafKGbf j'sv) hst, `sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! zfmfslv ²ÃD W

n§Àfb-n§Àdkslvsj zfmfslv ubA bqbiaDdkjv jv ˆhQ zfmfslvsj nfhLfbDslv ubA zflwGöv™i jv.' (Icvj¶fb } 74)


zs¬i kcdó

ydvÛhfb mfbcN ifdKGh hAfifsv dbsuv HfoA W Hfo dbsq kcó Kfsj. sp slsw W spmb idvhfsv kfv u¦m rsqsY, sp n©il sn tfH jsvsY, sp öfmD W w¶ðvhfdV kfv HfsoA ucsesY, kfƒ dbsq sn n§Âó Kfsj.

ydvÛhfsbv dHksv stfH-tftnf Kfsj bf. zdkdvÙÁ dhNqfndÙÁ kfsj zn{ isK bfmfq bf. sn LbD bf rstW kfv r™lq-msb Kfsj LbhÙf. zfv mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))�9Ty8!��7|<!��7א�!>r�8%א�>C�7�7<�א��7�7ض�،�و�=Fu�%7��7!>r�7א�T< F�.((� �ªdhNq n©islv zfdLjA LbhÙf bq, iajxk LbhÙf rt z§Àsvv LbhÙf.«

(hcJfvD 6446, mcndtm 2467bQ) pf sisqsY kfskƒ pdl mfbcN kcó rq, kfrst snƒ rq zfnt ncJD, zfnt

LbD W nIt mfbcN. mrfbhD � hstsYb, �))�:��7/4��7�>"�@��)).F�<�$�<%7#�7BF�b$�<�Fd-�7،�وFu7�ن�7�9ز>b�FyFu�:1@d��،�وFd7!17�8:�א �

ªsn hAdÙÁ nItjfm, sp ƒntfm oarB jsvsY, kfsj idvdmk v¢pD slWqf rsqsY ˆhQ zfïfr kfsj pf dlsqsYb kfsk kfsj kcó jsvsYb.« (mcndtm 2473bQ)

zfnt vfuf W nfvf lcdbqfv mfdtj sj ufsbb? vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb, ))<%7#�7B7�<3F$�<-@C<!>#��!>#4�p>b�>1>"<�>��b�7�:#�p>b�>�>�7�7x�:�7�<!>��:W'@d�>1>#<'7&��7�8�FAFCFb��<W7v� >+��:1�F��

�f¦bאX��7 �)).א��_�> �ªskfmfslv msLA sp hAdÙÁ kfv Osv zKhf sofôDv msLA dbvfisl W nc²¿

wvDsv njft jsvsY ˆhQ kfv jfsY iadk dlsbv Jfhfv zfsY, kfsj spb ifdKGh nm²À n©il lfb jvf rsqsY.« (dkvdmpD 2346, ƒhsb mfufr 4141bQ)

ydvÛhfb dbsuv pf djYc, kfƒ dbsqƒ [f§À rq. kfv mfsb syóf sp yftfq bf, kf bq. dj§Â syófv isvW bf sist zfIsnfn jsv bf. sp sisqsY, kfv slsJ drQnf jsv bf. pfv zfsY, kfv slsJ stfH jsv bf. jfvB kfsk mrfb zfïfrv slWqf dbqfmksj kc¤YÎfb jvf rq ˆhQ lc}J W mb}jó YfVf djYc tfH rq bf. ˆƒ ubA mrfbhD � hstsYb,

7�:�z<!7/��F�9)�<%7#�7':f�<-@CFd<'Fb�7':.Fb@�:وא�و��F�9)�<%7#�7�Fy<�F$�<-@C<!>#�Fe7א�>z@�:وא«��<xF$�<نF$�Feوא�:��v7/�FM7>د7<�>��>1�Kא��<-@C< F�7�«�.� �

ªskfmfslv …isv pfvf kfslv dlsj slsJf bf; hvQ skfmfv dbsy pfvf kfslv


dlsj slJ. pfsk skfmfslv iadk zfïfrv slWqf dbqfmksj kc¤YÎfb bf jv.« (hcJfvD 6490 dHâ wsè, mcndtm 7619bQ)

sp bfvD hf icv¢N dbsuv HfoA W Hfo dbsq kcó, snƒ zfnst nhfv yfƒsk hV LbD. snƒ zfnst nhfv yfƒsk hV jxkÎ. mrfbhD � zfhC ùvfƒvf �-sj zdnqk j'sv hstdYstb,

))9k8/9م�7א��727��7��و7א�>ض�7!8�س9א��$C7/�7�7�<�F@%>�א�>"��7-7��Fd��:1�Kא��F}�F��<%�@C7/��7!|F$��9א�!�8�س��<%>��<+F$7و��F�9)�FJ9��7x�<%@C7/��!>#<o:#�8�>+F$72<��_��#7��<�!8�س�9و:/��F}>��y7!>��<%�@C7/��>�<��:#��F�7و��<��>=C:/��F}>28 ��Fb��F�7��<=Fu,9ن��8א��>}>28 ;:�א�>�:/�7��FR�א((� �

ªdbdNÝ W rfvfm dudbn sKsj sh]sy Kfj, kfrst kcdm mfbcsNv msLA nh sysq hV zf'shl (ƒhflkjfvD) oBA rsh. zfïfr pf skfmfsj dlsqsYb, kfskƒ idvkcó Kfj, ksh kcdmƒ mfbcsNv msLA nh sysq hV LbD rsh. iadkshwDv iadk zbcoar jv, kfrst kcdm ˆjub (Jf]de) mc'dmb dhshdyk rsh. mfbcsNv ubAW kf-ƒ iY¦l jv, pf kcdm dbsuv ubA iY¦l jv, kfrst kcdm ˆjub (Jf]de) mcndtm oBA rsh. zfv Jch shwD rfnsh bf, jfvB, zdLj rfdn z§Àvsj smsv slq.« (zfrmfl 8095, dkvdmpD 2305bQ, nrDùt ufsm 4580, 7833bQ)

zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ))�7&��7"F$�F�7�<&7�:f�<%@u��9��وF$7+<��8،�א�!�8�سFd��<%�@C7/��7�FC�<aF$��9!<��وu7@�%>��،�א�!�8�سC7/�7�7�<�F$��9@%>�و7��/�7x��<%�@C7�و7�x��<%�7#��FJ7<�'7א��7و�F}>�y7!>��<%�@C7/��!>#<o:#�،��<%>��7+F$7/:2<�_�#7��<�!8�س9>�<��:#�،��8��>dF$7و�F}>28 Fb�7�<=FuF��>}>28,9ن�8،�א� ;:�א�>�:/�7��FR�א((.� �

ªsr zfhC ùvfƒvf! kcdm dbsuv msLA zfïfrHDv¢kf dbsq ˆn, kfrst kcdm mfbcsNv msLA nhsysq hV zfshl rsq pfsh. zfv zs¬i idvkcó rW, kfrst kcdm mfbcsNv msLA nh sKsj shwD jxkÎ rsq pfsh. mfbcsNv ubAW kf-ƒ iY¦l jv, pf kcdm dbsuv ubA iY¦l jv, kfrst kcdm ˆjub (Jf]de) mc'dmb oBA rsh. skfmfv iadkshwDv iadk näAhrfv jv, kfrst kcdm ˆjub (Jf]de) mcndtm dhshdyk rsh. zfv rfdn jm jv, jfvB, zdLj rfdn z§Àvsj smsv slq.« (hcJfvD, zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 252, ƒhsb mfuf 4217bQ)

pfsj z¬i kcó�jvsk ifsv bf, kfsj zdLjW n§Âó�jvsk ifvsh bf. LbD rWqfv isvW msbv stfH, zfwf W zfjf£[f kfsj ldvû hfdbsq vfJsh. zfnst Lsbv LbD LbD bq, msbv LbDƒ LbD. zs¬i kcó�r™lq ldvqf sKsjW dhwft, LbDv sKsjW hV LbD.

z¬i kcó�rWqf zfmfbskv ltDt. sp mfbcsNv dHksv zfdLsjAv stfH sbƒ,


sn sjfbdlb dJqfbk jsv bf. zfv öHfhkƒ sn ydvÛhfb rq. htf hfùtA, uDhsb jD sitfm, zfv jD sitfm bf, kfv drnfh-dbjfw bf

j'sv, pf sisqdY W ifd¤Y kfskƒ n§Âó�Kfjf hcdÝmfsbv jfu. zdkdvÙÁ ifWqfv stfsH zn{ …ifq zhtìb jsv bf ydvÛhfb. spmb pf

sbƒ, kf ifWqfv ubA dH[fhxdÙv iK zhtìb jsv bf nc¦lv ydvsÛv zdLjfvD. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

7 >�:�א��8((�G77%>�/�7:'ل:�،�و�7 >�\�#<�7%א� �7<�א��_��F�y،�و7א">��$7"<G��7 �Fu��7#�>MFd7�نF¬�<%7��7.>��9א� �7:�א��:��@��)).|<!��،�و1Ky>�:&�<�>y<�7<�7&�<%7#7:�א�@�،�وr:&�9%<r7<�7&�<%7#7>!<1<�א �

ª…isvv (lfkf) rfk dbsyv (oarDkf) rfk zsi[f swaô. pfslv HvB-sifNB skfmfv lfdqsk¶ zfsY kfslvsj zfso lfW. iasqfusbv zdkdvÙÁ n©il sKsj nfljfr jvf …Ùm. sp hAdÙÁ (rfvfm W dH[f jvf sKsj idhÛ Kfjsk yfq, zfïfr kfsj idhÛ vfsJb ˆhQ sp ivmcJfsid[kf sKsj shs]y Kfjsk yfq, zfïfr kfsj zHfhwCbA j'sv slb.« (hcJfvD 1427, mcndtm 2433bQ)

� �idhÛkf W idv¤Yâkf

ncydvÛhfb mfbcsNv ˆjde ÈB rt, msbv dlj dlsq idhÛ W idv¤Yâ sKsj slsrv dlj dlsqW idhÛ-idv¤Yâ Kfjf.

spZbfyfv jvfv iv zKhf dhswN dhswN s[sÛ idhÛ W idv¤Yâ rWqfv ubA sofnt jvf.

ianafh-ifqJfbfv iv dhswN s[sÛ WpC jvf. l]fk-mcJ idv°jfv jvf. sthfn-sifwfj idv°jfv jvf. hfdV W kfv n©mcJHfo idv°jfv vfJf. ƒkAfdl. ˆsk kfv nc¦lv ydvsÛv dhjfw Ose ˆhQ stfjmfsU sn nHA W Hû hst

idvdyk rq. mdrtfslv ‡kcnafh ˆj iajfv zðdykf. kf iftb jvfv dhLfb vsqsY

ƒntfsm. zfv snƒ nfsK dhswN dbslGw vsqsY kfslv öfmDslv iadk. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}F}7�'@�FA<�7&77��9%�9و� >27� ��p>b�9א�!?��7��9v7<��Fb@'א�$Fذ�d�7':f�i@�>�א�>27��+f':"7�R7/��7��87:%�8و�Fe7א�7 >�� :�#<��%>�Fl7/�8%:f':/A��Fb.��8>ن��Fb�7,9ذ7א�&l7.:��>ن7+�:-@u7��7#F$�:1و7&:2<��_�א��8'8א"<��7&:2<��_�א��71(9ن�8א��


7%&9�?.Fl7:��)��٢٢٢(}א�'��Rא�� ªstfsj skfmfsj vu}nafh n©isjG duÎfnf jsv. kcdm ht, kf zwcdy.

nckvfQ skfmvf vu}nafhjfst ²ÃDnÌ huGb jv ˆhQ pkdlb bf kfvf idhÛ rq, (nrhfsnv ubA) kfslv dbjehkGD rsqf bf. zk}iv pJb kfvf idhÛ rq, kJb kfslv dbje dEj snƒHfsh omb jv, spHfsh zfïfr skfmfslvsj zfslw dlsqsYb. dbÇyq zfïfr [mfiafdKGoBsj ˆhQ pfvf idhÛ Kfsj, kfslvsj iY¦l jsvb.« (hfj¶fvfr } 222)

iakAr jmsn-jm i]fyhfv mrfb zfïfrv dhswN ±mvsBv nmq idhÛkfv dhswN dhLfb dlsq dkdb hstsYb,

}�7&��7._&F$�7%&>XK9ذ7א�7#4!:'א�א�)��<-:�<�@d��F�9)��>��8א��א��'@�>��|�b��<-@C7f'�:x:و��<-@C7&>��<&F$7و��F�9)��9k�>b7�7א��א�:و�<C@->�و7א#>�27:'א :�>"�<-@CF�:x<�F$7و��F�9)�9�7�<�FC�و7(9ن�א�<-:!@u��:!:x�8:وא�.Kh�Fbو7(9ن��-:!@u��7s<�8#�<وF$��F�7��Fy7��<وF$��7x�\�7+F$�-@C!8#�7%?#�>�>��7r�و>�אF$�:-:<�7#Fe��7�?!א��<-F�Fb��وא:��>S7/��7#��א'�:�8�7 7Fbא�� >��73��? Fh�

S7>��7�7א��1:�&:�9&�:�#7��#?!>1:�وFb�<-@C>f':x:'>"�-@C&>�<&F$7�#>�27:'א>��-@C< F�7��<%?#7�7ج�+�%>CF�79&�:�و�:&�@u7�8.Fl: >�<-�8->: �177:�و�7<<�>��<-@C< F�7��<-@CK�7�F��7ون:�@C<�7/{)�٦�(��א��' �

ªsr dhÇhfdnoB! pJb skfmvf bfmfspv ubA ia²Âk rsh, kJb skfmvf skfmfslv mcJmàt W jbcƒ ipG§À rfk sLZk jv ˆhQ skfmfslv mfKf mfnfr jv ˆhQ if oad§¿ ipG§À sLZk jv. zfv pdl skfmvf zidhÛ Kfj, kfrst dhswNHfsh (sofnt j'sv) idhÛ rW. pdl skfmvf iDdVk rW zKhf nIsv Kfj zKhf skfmfslv sj… ianafh-ifqJfbf rsk zfomb jsv, zKhf skfmvf ²ÃD-nrhfn jv ˆhQ ifdb bf ifW, kfrst idhÛ mfde äfvf kfqf©mcm jv; kf dlsq skfmfslv mcJmàt W r²Àäq mfnfr jv. zfïfr skfmfslvsj sjfb iajfv jó dlsk yfb bf, hvQ dkdb skfmfslvsj idhÛ jvsk yfb W skfmfslv iadk kf]v zbcoar n©iCBG jvsk yfb, pfsk skfmvf jxkÎkf Îfib jv.« (mfdqlfr } 6)

sthfn-sifwfjsj idhÛ W idv¤Yâ vfJfv dbslGw dlsq dkdb hstsYb, }F}7"�7 �א��'��)�S<f�Fb{)�٥:�>�و7א��_�٤�(7v<x(FlFb.?�>�و�7< �

ªskfmfv idv¤Yl idhÛ vfJ ˆhQ zidhÛkf huGb jv.« (mcÜfNXdNv } 4-5) pfvf idhÛ W idv¤Yâ Kfjsk Hfstfhfsn, mrfb iadkiftj kfslvsj

Hfstfhfsnb. ˆ hAfifsv jchfhfnDv iawQnf j'sv dkdb hstsYb, }>1 >b��7x9��)��١٠٨(}א��:Kl.?�9&%�7&:2<�_�و7א��Fl77&�:1.�8:وא�$Fن�&:2<�_'ن�7ل\'��M"'`א��


ªsnJfsb ˆmb nh stfj vsqsY, pfvf …Ùmv™si idhÛ rWqfsj iY¦l jsv. zfv zfïfr …Ùmv™si idhÛkf n©iflbjfvDslvsj iY¦l jsvb.« (kfWhfr } 108)

idÛkfv dhwft Èv¢k¶fsvfi j'sv mrfbhD � hstsYb, �:��l7a:�א]7Z�ن�9((�':.£lא�.((� �

ª(hfdrAj) idhÛkf zuGb jvf rt zsLGj „mfb.« (mcndtm 556bQ) dkdb zdkdvÙÁ idhÛkf W idv¤Yâkfv dhLfb dlsq hstsYb,

�))��>�7�l>y�7>�\�#<�7%א��:��Fو7א�><!>��7�ق:�א��،�@Jو7א��?'7א�،�>M�7 <2Nא��:��Fy<�9)7�9<�،�و��<�،��Fd¶_�א��8��>��Fص:�א��FR><و7א��،�>M��7��7א��:k��7+7�9،�و7�7`��:�א]9">��<�،�و->xא��7��7א�:�<��F|7�9،�و��Fy¬Fא��_¶��Fd7و

@M7 7�^Fوא�.((� �ªlwde jfu iajxdkok zfyvB; (1) so]fI sY]se sItf. (2) lfdV hfVfsbf.

(3) lf]kb jvf. (4) bfsj ifdb dlsq bfj idv®jfv jvf. (5) bJ jfef. (6) zfÌcstv sufVnmCr sLfqf. (7) hostv stfm kcst sItf. (8) ÈåfsÌv stfm idv®jfv jvf. (9) ifdb äfvf ƒs²ÀÓf (swZyjmG) jvf. ˆhQ (10) jcdï jvf.« (mcndtm 627bQ)

t[BDq sp, ƒntfsm iajxdkok zfyvB tìf smfY W bJ vfJf bq. hvQ zfbfn � hstsYb, `smfY Y]fef, bJ jfef, bfdHv dbsyv stfm y]fYf ˆhQ shfostv stfm kcst sItfv hAfifsv zfmfslvsj nmq sh]sL slWqf rsqsY; pfsk zfmvf sn nh ydïw dlsbv shwD sYsV bf vfdJ.' (mcndtm 622bQ)

zfibfv mcsJv lcoGsáv jfvsB zfibfv dbje sKsj mfbcN mcJ dIdvsq dbsk ifsv. Ist zfidb kfv dbje znHA kKf sYfe rsq spsk ifsvb. kfƒ l]fk mfufv dhLfb vsqsY ƒntfsm. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))�?�8��m��7s<�7#�9-Fy�>��m�7�7.l7#�@Jא��?'7א.((� �ªlf]kb mcJ idhÛ vfJfv W iaHcv n§Âdó tfsHv …ijvB.« (zfrmfl 24203,

bfnf„ 5, ƒhsb Jcpfƒmfr 135, ƒhsb drêfb 1067, lfsvmD 684, hcJfvD dhbf nbsl, nrDr kfvoDh 202bQ)�

mfbcN pJb sjfb ²¿st ˆjdÛk umfsqk rq, kJb kfv idv¤Yâkfv shdw iasqfub isV. wvDsv lcoGá Kfjst, idvwamudbk jfvsB slr OmGfÙÁ Kfjst sofnstv zdk iasqfub rq. kf bf rst nHf hf nmfshsw sYfe rsk rq. ˆƒ ubA ucmzfv nmfshswv dlb sofnt jvf ˆhQ nfLAmskf ncodá hAhrfv jvf zfhwAj. mrfbhD � hstsYb,


�:�M7<�&7'>م�9|@�>�:«�:S�א��F�7��?�@u�->�7<2:#�mJو�7<'7א�_T7� �<�#<%�7و7&7Nl7#�7��א��7�Fd�>1< F�7�«�.� �ªiaskAj nfhftsjv ubA ucmzfv dlb sofnt jvf, dmnWqfj jvf ˆhQ

pKfnfLA ncodá hAhrfv jvf jkGhA.« (hcJfvD 880, mcndtm 1997bQ) hfdrAj shwHCNfskW nHA W Hû Kfjsk rq mcndtmsj. mfKfv yct idv°jfv

j'sv W z]fysV vfJf ˆhQ bkcb bf rstW idv°jfv sifwfj idvLfb jvf zfhwAj.

ufshv dhb zfècïfr � hstb, ˆjlf zfïfrv vnCt � zfmfslv dbje ˆsn ˆj hAdÙÁv mfKfq zftcKftc yct slsJ htstb,

�»�7#F$�7ن�Fu�:�>S7&7א�X7f��7#�:%NC7�:&�>1>"�:�7�<�7a«�.� �ªˆv dj�ˆmb djYcW sbƒ, pfv äfvf mfKfv�ˆstfsmstf yctÈstfsj snfuf

jsv (z]fyXsV) sbq?!«�zfv�ˆj hAdÙÁv ivsb mqtf jfiV slsJ htstb, �»�7#F$�7ن�Fu7א�X7f�:�>S7&��7#�:�>�<r7&�>1>"�:17"<'7�«�.� �

ªˆv dj�ˆmb djYcW sbƒ, pfv äfvf mqtf jfiVsj idv°jfv jsv sbq?!« (zfrmfl 14850, zfhC lf†l 4064, bfnf„, dmwjfk 4351bQ)

nfsLA jctfst nc¦lv sifwfj hAhrfv jvf hfÒbDq Hû mfbcsNv ubA. LbD rsqW jfiGBA j'sv Hfstf sthfn bf isv dbsusj ovDshv mskf ialwGb W iajfw jvf nHA mfbcsNv zfyvB bq. spsrkc mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�\�א��71K(ن�((>�7x�_�>2:&�Fل7א��i7�7&�7�7�$�>1>7$ن>�و��_�<�>��>�>��<�7��:�:r<��7&س��7و<o�:א��:س7 �)).وא��8� �

ªzhwAƒ zfïfr nc¦lv. dkdb snZ¦lpG iY¦l jsvb. hf¦lfsj dkdb sp sbqfmk lfb jsvsYb kfv dyrÁ�(kfv slsr)�slJsk iY¦l jsvb. zfv dkdb lfdvû W (stfjys[) ldvû nfufsj OxBf jsvb.« (hf ·ƒrfjDv zfhct „mfb 6201, nrDùt ufsm' 1742 bQ)

zfhct zfrWqfsnv dikf hstb, ˆjlf zfdm zfïfrv vnCt � ˆv dbje ˆtfm. zfmfv ivsb dYt sbrfkƒ dbm´mfsbv jfiV. dkdb kf slsJ zfmfsj htstb, ªskfmfv dj mft-Lb zfsY?« zfdm httfm, ùD r]Af.' htstb, ªsjfbX swaBDv mft zfsY?« zfdm httfm, `njt swaBDvƒ mft zfmfv dbje mucl. zfïfr zfmfsj …e, ov¢, Yfot, sH]Vf, sOfVf W ÛÁDklfn lfb jsvsYb.' dkdb htstb,

� :��e�7#�7א��Fb�FJ�7/F$�:1K,9ذ7א«�Fb�:�7�F$�>M7�<�>��>1Kא��F}< F�7��>1>7#7א�Fu7و«�.� �ªzfïfr pJb skfmfsj ˆk mft lfb jsvsYb, kJb zfïfrv slWqf


sbqfmk W zbcoar skfmfv shw-HCNfq iajfw ifWqf …dyk.« (zfrmfl 15887, zfhC lf†l 4065, bfnf„ 5224, dmwjfk 4352bQ)

zfmHfsh ˆjub mcndtm rsh idhÛ W idv¤Yâ, nc¦lv W nHA. spsrkc mrfbhD � hstsYb,

7�>��<v�:x��<%�>#��M7�d��\<�7�د7و7אe<�א��7B>��8و7א��8�>;�7א��7B>��8א�.�7i<�7(9ن8«�G��7%&9�<��>�7א��و��<v�:x��7%�>#��.�»א�!_�:'�8< �

ª…Ùm zflwG,�…Ùm shwHCNf�ˆhQ dmkfyfdvkf bhczskv 25 zQswv zbAkm zQw.« (zfrmfl 2698, zfhC lf†l 4778, nrDùt ufsm' 1993bQ)

nhGfÌnc¦lv äDb-ˆ-ƒntfm, nc¦lv kfv nhdjYc, nc¦lv kfv zbcnfvD njt bv W bfvD.

iadkwa¢dk iftb

mrfb zfïfrsj slWqf iadkwa¢dk iftb jvf mfbcsNv ydvÛok ˆjde mr{ ÈB, hvQ nh yfƒsk hV n¤ydvÛkf. spsrkc kf nh yfƒsk mrfb nÙ¶fv nfsK iadkwa¢dk, zÌDjfv W ycdÙÁ. jcvzfb jfvDsmv dhdHâ ufqofq kfv kfjDl ˆsnsY. spmb pfvf sn iadkwa¢dk iftb jsv, dkdb kfslv iawQnf j'sv hstsYb,

}%7�FbF$�:-F�<�7&��7�8�F$�79لv�@$�F}< F�9)�%>#�F}?"7��_k72�%7>�א�Fu��7'�:f��7�<�F$��7�8�9)��:�Ku7X�77&��7��<��$@و>�@�'אFא��)١٩�(7%&>XKن�7א�'@b':&�>�<.7�>"�>1א��Fe7ن�7و': @R!>&�77�ق= >��א��'��)��٢٠(}�א� �

ªskfmfv iadkiftj rsk skfmfv iadk pf zhkDBG jvf rsqsY, kf sp hAdÙÁ nkA hst ufsb sn zfv zá dj nmfb? sjhtmfÛ ÎfbD hAdÙÁvfƒ …islw oarB j'sv Kfsj. pfvf zfïfrsj ialÙ iadkwa¢dk v[f jsv ˆhQ ycdÙÁ HÌ jsv bf.« (vf'l } 19-20)

pfvf mrfb zfïfrv iadkwa¢dk v[f jsv bf, kfslv db¦lf j'sv dkdb hstsYb,

<�_�و7#7�{ :&�>1>"�Ke9)�7�>R>��Fy�7%)��٢٦(א&>XKن�7א�': @R!7&�7�<.7��>1K1<�"�7>�<�#<%�א��>d�7= �#�7��و�FlR7&7:�'ن#��7<7�7#F$�:1Kن�"<1<�א��F$�7�73':&�7ون:�>�y:&7و�p>b�9ض<�Fא��F}>~Fو�@$�:-:f�7�٢٧(}א7��<�:ون�(��'��Rא��

ªh²Âk} dkdb n{iK idvkAfoDslv YfVf zfv jf…sjW kfv äfvf dhëf§À jsvb bf. pfvf zfïfrv nfsK lxP zÌDjfsv zfhÝ rWqfv iv kf HÌ jsv, sp n©ijG z[câ vfJsk zfïfr zfslw jsvsYb, kf dYâ jsv ˆhQ ixdKhDsk zwfd§À nxdó jsv shVfq, kfvfƒ [dkoa²À.« (hfj¶fvfr } 27)


pfvf mrfb zfïfrv zÌDjfv iftb jsv bf, kfvf zdHwå ˆhQ kfslv ubA ivjfst vsqsY m¦l zfhfn. dkdb hstsYb,

}7%&>XKن�7و7א�': @R!7&�7�<.7��>11<�"�7>�<�#<%�א��>d�7= �و��y:&7<�:ونF$�7�73':&��7ن�"<1<�א��F$�:1#�7�7#��7و�FlR7&7:'ن#�7b�9ض<�Fא��F}>~F�<و@$�:-:.F��@M7!<�Kא��<-:.F�7:�و��9:'��א��'��)��٢٥(}א��8א �

ªpfvf zfïfrv nfsK lxP zÌDjfsv zfhÝ rWqfv iv kf HÌ jsv, sp n©ijG z[cB´ vfJsk zfïfr zfslw jsvsYb kf dYâ jsv ˆhQ ixdKhDsk zwfd§À nxdó jsv shVfq, kfslv ubA zfsY zdHn©ifk ˆhQ kfslv ubA zfsY m¦l zfhfn.« (vf'l } 25)

kc¤Y sjfb ifdKGh öfKG v[f jvsk dosq mrfb zfïfrv iadkwa¢dk HÌ jvsk dkdb dbsNL jsvsYb,

}Fe77!��א��1<�"<�7.>�<��:وא/�7>�7و�7�� >�Fd��7�7 >�\�f:'�7א��8�9)�7�!>��>1G�<-@CK9ن��)�<-:!@u�7ن':�F�<�7/{)�٩٥�(� �ªskfmvf zfïfrv nsÌ jxk zÌDjfv kc¤Y mCstA dhdÛÁ jsvf bf. zfïfrv

jfsY kf …Ùm; pdl skfmvf ufbsk.« (bfrXt } 95) ˆv™i pfvf jsv, kfslv sbrfkƒ m¦l idvBfsmv jKf …sïJ j'sv dkdb

hstsYb, �7��<.9->�א��1<�"<�7.>�<�&�7>�7:ون�7א�XK<&%�7(9ن8{<&F$77!��و�7�� >�Fd�F}>~F�<و@$�Fe�7قF�7G��<-�:.F��p�>b��>�7��>Gא��Fe7و�:-:.:�N�FC:&�:1א��Fe7و�:�@z!7&�<-9.< F�9)�77'>م&�>M7#�7 >R�א�Fe79->�و. Nu7v:&�<-:.F�77א�\��7وX�\- >�F${)אن�4ل)��٧٧��

ªpfvf zfïfrv iadkwa¢dk ˆhQ dbsuslv wiKsj ö¬i mCstA dhÛÁq jsv, ivjfst kfslv sjfb zQw sbƒ. djqfmskv dlb zfïfr kfslv nsÌ jKf htshb bf, zfv kfslv dlsj sysq slJshb bf ˆhQ kfslvsj idvðÝW jvshb bf ˆhQ kfslv ubA vsqsY jdEb wfd²À.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 77)

mrfb zfïfrsj slWqf mfbcsNv sn iadkwa¢dk hf zÌDjfv jD? nhsysq hV zÌDjfv iftb rt, k]fv iadk „mfb zfbqb jvf ˆhQ kfv

kfWrDlsj iadkôf jvf. zfv sn zÌDjfv HÌ jvf hf dhÛÁq jvfv zKG rt, k]fsj zdhw¶fn jvf

zKhf k]fv nfsK sjfb djYcsj wvDj jvf. mrfb iadkiftj pcso pcso bhD-vnCt (zftfƒdrmcn nftfm)osBv mfLAsm

mfbcsNv dbje k]fv sp dbslGw ifdEsqsYb, kf iftb jvf rt k]fv zÌDjfv iftb jvf. zfv k]fv zfslw W dbsNL tQOb jvfv mfsb rt, k]fv zÌDjfv HÌ jvf.

mfbcsNv rqskf msb sbƒ, sn dj§Â mrfb zfïfrv jfsY iadkwa¢dkhÝ. bhDoB


ˆsn sn jKf ±mvB jdvsqsYb ˆhQ hstsYb, �>�7f:'ن�9وu>�<.7�>"�7��8&9)7@->�$@و�<�"<�7.>�<��وF$7و>b@'א{�Fb{)�٤٠�(��'��Rא��

ªzfmfv nsÌ skfmfslv jxk zÌDjfv iCBG jv, zfdmW skfmfslv nsÌ zfmfv jxk zÌDjfv iCBG jvh. zfv skfmvf wcLc zfmfsjƒ Hq jv.« (hfj¶fvfr } 40)

mfbcsNv rqskf dh±mxk rsqsY sn mrf zÌDjfv. dj§Â mrfb zfïfr kf ±mvB jdvsq hstsYb,

��7X7GF$�F}_"7و7(9ذ>{�%>#�p>!7"�74د7م�%>#�<->f9�':.@¬�<-:.78&?��"<��F�7��<-9.>�@y�F$��7;<��F�F$��<-@C?"7وf7�7.<aF$7:->�ذ:8��(8�9�� M7#�7<אR�<�&7'>مR7/�7@'�@'א�$Fن�Fd��F�7"��7�<�9.7a��@'א!@u�<%77א��X7f�7�>�>b�F|{)�١٧٢�(��'��א��א �

ªn¹vB jv, pJb skfmfv iadkiftj zflm n§Àfsbv ixôslw rsk kfslv n§Àfb-n§Àdk hfdrv jsvb ˆhQ kfslv dbsuslv nìsá öDjfsvfdÙÁ oarB jsvb ˆhQ hstb, `zfdm dj skfmfslv iadkiftj bƒ?' kfvf hst, `dbÇyqƒ. zfmvf nf[D vƒtfm.' (ˆ öDjxdk oarB) ˆ ubA sp, skfmvf spb djqfmskv dlb bf ht, `zfmvf skf ˆ dhNsq ufbkfm bf.« (zf'vfI } 172)

rflDsn ˆsnsY, zfvfIfv dlsb bc'mfb bfmj ufqofq mrfb zfïfr zflm-n§Àfb rsk zÌDjfv dbsqsYb. sndlb dkdb zflm -ˆv njt n§Àfbsj kfv ixôslw rsk shv jvstb ˆhQ kfslvsj dbsuv nfmsb (di]isVv zfjfsv) YdVsq dlstb W kfslvsj duÎfnf jvstb, `zfdm dj skfmfslv vh (iadkiftj) bƒ.' njst hstdYt, ��7��9.��7a��F�7" zhwAƒ, zfmvf njstƒ zfibfv vh rWqfv nf[A dld¤Y. (mcnbfsl zfrmfl, rfsjm 2/544, dntdntfr nrDrfr 1623bQ)

mfbcN dh±mxk rstW zfïfrv vh rWqfv nf[A iaskAj mfbcsNv iajxdksk ndâdhó zfsY. ˆƒ HfhfKGsjƒ zfïfrv vnCt � ˆƒHfsh hBGbf jsvsYb, ªiadkde dwð (ƒntfmD LmGshfsLv) iajxdk dbsq u¦m sbq. isv kfv mfkf-dikf kfsj ƒqfùlD, dJa±efb hf zdoíCuj hfdbsq sbq. spmb u§Âv hf¤yf n©iCBG u¦m rq, kfv bfj W jfb jfef Kfsj bf.« (hcJfvD 1358, mcndtm 6926bQ) nrDr mcndtsmv hBGbfq vsqsY, mrfb zfïfr hstb, `zfdm zfmfv hf¦lfslvsj ˆjdbô (ˆjmfÛ ƒntfsmv iadk zbcok) v™si nxdó jsvdY. zk}iv wqkfb kfslvsj ƒntfmD iajxdk rsk iKëó j'sv slq.' (mcndtm 7386bQ) ˆƒ iajxdkƒ zfïfrv ˆjk¶hfl W kf]v zhkDBGjxk wvDqk. pf ˆJb ƒntfm bfsm nQvd[k. (zfrnfbct hfqfb)

htf hfùtA, sp ƒntfm iakAJAfb jsv, sn zfnst mrfb nxdójkGfv nfsK jxk


zÌDjfv HÌ jsv. mrfb zfïfrv zfvW ˆjde hAfij dbslGw rt,

}�7&��7._&F$�7%&>XKא�7#4!:'א�א�'@b<وF$�>د'@R:��>"{)�١�(��א��' �ªsr dhÇhfdnoB! skfmvf zÌDjfv (W ycdÙÁnmCr) iCBG jv.« (mfdqlfr } 1) pfql dhb zfntfm hstsYb, `kf Yq iajfv } (1) zfïfrv nfsK jxk

zÌDjfv, (2) ³mÛD-ycdÙÁ, (3) wvDjfbfv ycdÙÁ, (4) ÛÁq-dhÛÁsqv ycdÙÁ, (5) dhhfr-háb ˆhQ (6) zfïfrv bfsm jxk wiK hf jnsmv zÌDjfv.'

…ÙÁ 6 iajfv ycdÙÁ hf zÌDjfv iftb jvf zfhwAj. spmb mrfb zfïfrv bfsm bpv mfbfW ˆj iajfv zÌDjfv. zfv kfW iftb jvf Wqfsuh. mrfb zfïfr k]fv hf¦lfosBv ÈB hBGbfq hstsYb,

�b':&�9@'ن7{<X8!��>"�7ن'@b�7�7&7ن�7&7'>#��و�Fu�:�_�7aא��¦>l7<�:#{)�٧�(��א]��ن��' �ªkfvf mfbk iCBG jsv ˆhQ sndlsbv Hq jsv, spdlsbv dhidÙ rsh

hAfij.« (lfrv } 7) dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,

:'א�و�7f�7��Fe7/_->�(9ذ7א�א��1<�"<�7.>�<�وF$7و>b@'א{ @R!7/��7�<&F7��"�7>��7ن7א�f>� >u<'7/�<�Fd77�7�:-:�وx��71א��<-@C< �F�7�� >yFu�8א��71(9ن�:-F�<�7&��7#�7�7@'ن�y7/{)�٩١�(��א�!��2' �

ªskfmvf pJb iv±iv zÌDjfv jv kJb zfïfrv zÌDjfv iCBG jsvf ˆhQ zfïfrsj skfmfslv pfdmb j'sv wiK lxP jvhfv iv skfmvf kf HÌ jsvf bf; skfmvf pf jv, zhwAƒ zfïfr kf ufsbb.« (bfrXt } 91)

vfóºsbkfsj slWqf iadkwa¢dk iftb jvfW uv¢vD. durfl W zfbcoskAv sp hfqzfk jvf rq, kf HÌ bf jvf mcndtsmv jkGhA. ˆ hAfifsv mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

�Fb�<-9.&>�<&F$�%7'>ق�7א��1K<�&�7:�א��71K&:�7�&<�:'ن�7(8�9��F}7�':�>&�7�:&��7א�XK<&%�7(9ن8{Fb�7 FC8��7�8�9,Fb�: @C!7&��F�7��>1>�y7��<%7#7و��Fb<وF$��7�>"�7�7f�7��:1< F�7��71K1<�א�� >/<o: 7�Fbא��<xF$�� >z7�{)�١٠�(��'��B`yא��

ªdbÇyq pfvf skfmfv hfqzfk oarB jsv, kfvf skf zfïfrvƒ hfqzfk oarB jsv. zfïfrv rfk kfslv rfskv …iv. nckvfQ sp kf HÌ jsv, kf HÌ jvhfv idvBfm kfsjƒ sHfo jvsk rsh ˆhQ sp zfïfrv nfsK zÌDjfv iCBG jsv, dkdb kfsj mrf icvõfv slb.« (IfkXr } 10)

dbÇyqƒ snbfidkv mfLAsm k]fv zÌDjfv iftb bf jvst dkdb djqfmsk ‰ HÌjfvDsj iaw jvshb. dkdb hstsYb,


}<�FRF�7א�و':��Fu�7�7:وא�f��71Kא��%>#�:�<�Fd��F��7�7&:'�7£'ن��)��١٥(}o<�7#:و��א��1K<��7.>�:�وFu7�ن�7אFA�د>"7� �ªkfvf skf iCshGƒ zfïfrv nfsK zÌDjfv jsvdYt sp, kfvf ixô ialwGb

jvsh bf. kfslvsj zfïfrv nfsK jxk ˆ zÌDjfv nìsá zhwAƒ duÎfnf jvf rsh. (‚rXpfh } 15)

zfïfrv vnCt � hstsYb, ))mM7�F�7��Fe�:-:.:�N�FC:&�@� M�7#�7<،��&7'م�7א>Rא��Fe7و��:��@z<!7&��<-9.< �F�9)�،�Fe79->��و. Nu7v�:&�،��<-�:.F�77א�\��وX�7��\- �>�F$�:)-.!#�(\�:x7��7]7&�7"��#�7#9)�Fe�:1:�>&�7�:&�Ke9)��7 �.))&F��>1>l<�:&��7.<!>#�<-F��>�7->�و7(9ن>�وFb�:��Fl<�F$��7.<!>#��Fb7,9ن>��<�:�> �

ªdkb swaBDv mfbcsNv nfsK djqfmskv dlsb zfïfr jKf htshb bf, kfslv dlsj (lqfv lxdósk) kfjfshb bf, kfslvsj idhÛW jvshb bf ˆhQ kfslv ubA rsh p§ÃBflfqj wfd²À. (kfslv msLA ˆjub rt,) sp sjhtmfÛ ifdKGh öfsKG vfóºsbkfv rfsk hfqzfk jsv. nckvfQ sn pdl kfsj ifdKGh n©il ialfb jsv, kfrst sn (kfv hfqzfk) iCBG jsv. zfv pdl ialfb bf jsv, kfrst hfqzfk iCBG jsv bf.« (hcJfvD 7212, mcndtm 310bQ)

vfóºsbkfv rfsk jxk hfqzfk HÌ jvf pfsh bf. nfLAmskf kfv mpGflf v[f jvsk rsh. mrfbhD �-ˆv dbslGw rt,

� :Fd�:1<�>l��<1<�و7�7�Fl<�FAFb�FMFRy73�>�>�7&�F�7�7��:�(9#7�#��[7"7�&�7و%7#7>((Fb�9ع�7(9ن�Fl7<9ن>�א�,Fb�7��7x�:�7G4�:1:�97�ز!:&��.))�א�s�Fb�7k:!:��9�7G>�9":'א �

ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb vfóºbfqsjv rfsk hfqzfk jvt ˆhQ ˆsk kfsj dbu iadkwa¢dk W z§À²Àt sKsj zÌDjfv ialfb jvt kfv …dyk, pKfnfLA kfv (snƒ bfqsjv n{dhNsq) zfbcokA jvf. ˆviv pdl zbA ˆj (bfqj) kfv [mkf lJt jvsk yfq, kfrst ‰ däkDq bfqsjv olGfb …dVsq lfW.« (mcndtm 4882bQ iamcJ)

ydvÛhfb mcndtmsj v[f jvsk rsh mfbcNsj slWqf iadkwa¢dk. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}Fe77":'א�و�R7/�7�9#7�ل- >7 �א7��.>��7(9ن�8"<�7��.>��<��وF$7و>b@�'א��$�Ke9)�p>K��>"�7p>f�:%7�<+F$��87+�7®@�<�7&�:�8�:aFא��א]��א��'��)��٣٤(}o<�7#:وFu�e�ن7 �

ªnfhftj bf rWqf ipG§À nlcsÜswA YfVf ˆkDsmv n©idÙv dbjehkGD rsqf bf. zfv iadkwa¢dk iftb jsvf; dbÇyqƒ iadkwa¢dk n©isjG SjdIqk kth jvf rsh.« (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 34)

mrfbhD � hstsYb,


�7!:'א((<sא�p>��¸>��<%>#�<-@C>�@y<�F$�<%7�<sF$�<-@CF�� FM8!7S�א�:א'@d:�<3א��+�8�7>:->�(9ذ7א�א'�@b<وF$7و��7�7>/:->��(9ذ7א�و��<!>:->�(9ذ7א�وF$7د_وא:/< _'א�b@�:وC7x@->�و7א+>zFy@'א�א �)).$C7&>�<&F@->�وy@u7£'א�">�7��F$<-@u7و7|@ �

ªskfmvf dbsuslv kvI sKsj zfmfv ubA Yqde dudbsnv pfdmb rsq pfW, zfdm skfmfslv ubA ufâfskv pfdmb rsq pfh; jKf htst nkA jKf ht, Wqflf jvst iCvB jv, skfmfslv dbje zfmfbk vfJf rst kf zflfq jv, tÏf²¿fsbv drIfpk jv, y[c zhbk jv ˆhQ rfksj nQpk vfJ.« (zfrmfl 22757, rfsjm, nrDùt ufsm' 1898bQ)

ydvÛhfsbv jfu Wqflfv dJtfi bf jvf. zfnst jKf dlsq jKf bf vfJfv ˆ jlpG zfyvB mcbfdIsjv. sjfb mcndtsmv msLA Kfjst kf mcbfdIsjv t[B drnfsh Kfjsh. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))�\§F�7��9k>b�7!@א��@M7&4:�77�نG�7%>�:/< �)).�(9ذ7א�+�7�7XFu�7§8�7،�و7(9ذ7א�و�7�F�<G$�7�7�7،�و7(9ذ7א�א ��-��M&9و7א��))�.و(ن>�73�م�7و��K�737و7ز7�7-�7$�18:�#:�>�<-\�:�((�ز7אد��7 �

(3554) zfhC ùvfƒvf � rsk hdBGk, vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb, ªmcbfdIsjv dyrÁ rt dkbde (1) jKf htst dmKAf hst. (2) Wqflf jvst kf sJtfi jsv. ˆhQ (3) zfmfbk vfJf rst kfsk dJqfbk jsv.« (hcJfvD 33, mcndtm 220-222bQ)

mcndtsmv ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªpdlW sn svfpf vfsJ ˆhQ bfmfp isV W LfvBf jsv sp, sn mcndtm.«

zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, �))��7G��R>b�7!:#�7ن�Fu�>1 >b�8%@u�<%7#�\]7"<�F$��mMF�<��7G�>1 >b�7ن�Fu�8%:.<!>#�mMF�<�7G�>1 >b�<;7��Fu�<%7#7و�،��>��

7��7،�و7(9ذ7א��:�#<�7%א�!?Fy�ق��87+�9&7�7�7.��F|�7��7f�7�7�7،�و7(9ذ7א��X�Fu�7§8��7+7�ن�7،�و7(9ذ7א�G�7%>�:/< (9ذ7א�א�7G�7�7SFb�7-73.�((� �

ªyfvde öHfh pfv msLA Kfjsh sn J]fde mcbfdIj¶ oBA rsh. zfv sp hAdÙÁv mfsU kfv mLA rsk ˆjde öHfh Kfjsh, kf kAfo bf jvf ipG§À kfv msLA mcbfdIjslv ˆjde öHfh sKsj pfsh. (sn öHfhÈdt rt,) 1. kfv jfsY zfmfbk vfJf rst dJqfbk jsv. 2. jKf htst dmKAf hst. 3. Wqflfr jvst kf HÌ jsv ˆhQ 4. UoVf-dhhfsl dtå rst zw½Dt HfNf hst.« (hcJfvD 34, 2459, mcndtm 219bQ)

swN dhyfsvv dlb ycdÙÁ HÌjfvDv iadkhflD sJfl mrfb zfïfr. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��F��7�7/�� Fd�:��>M7#�7�ل�7א>R7'>م�7א�&�<-:.:�<�7G��7�F$�mM7�F�7��:��\�:x7�7��7،�و7�F|�8-:��p>"��Fl<�F$�\�:x7�


�:�7�<xF$�>1>l<�:&�<-F�71:�،�و<!>#��Fb<'7<��Fb�،א�¦>xF$�7�7xA7<א��\�:x7�7��7�7!17:�،�و7�FuFAFb7�ع�7+:�8א�".�((� �ªmrfb zfïfr hstsYb, dkb iajfv stfj ˆmb zfsY, djqfmskv dlb pfslv

iadkhflD öqQ zfdm; (1) sn hAdÙÁ, sp zfmfv bfsm zÌDjfvfhÝ rt, isv kf HÌ jvt. (2) sn hAdÙÁ, sp öfLDb mfbcNsj (iakfvBf dlsq) dhdÛÁ j'sv kfv mCtA H[B jvt. (3) sn hAdÙÁ, sp sjfb mucvsj Jfdesq kfv dbje sKsj icvficdv jfu dbt, dj§Â kfv mucvD dlt bf.« (hcJfvD 2227, 2270bQ)

zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, vfnCtcïfr � bfmfspv swN ShEsj nftfm dIvfv iCshG dhdHâ iafKGbf jvfv nmq ‡B sKsj zfwaq iafKGbfW jvskb. ˆj hAdÙÁ�k]fsj iaw jvt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb skf ‡B sKsj Jch shwD zfwaq iafKGbf jsv Kfsjb. (kfv jfvB jD?) iakcAÙsv mrfbhD � htstb,�

�)).�7�F�<GFAFbو7و9�F|�7§8�7+�7�7XFCFb�7�7�7م�7(9ذ7א�א��x8:��7(9ن8(( �ªjfvB, mfbcN pJb�‡Boa²À rq, kJb jKf htst dmKAf hst ˆhQ zÌDjfv

jvst kf HÌ�jsv (Wqflf-sJtfID jsv).« (hcJfvD 832, mcndtm 589bQ) htf hfùtA, ˆmb jfsuW udVk rWqf …dyk bq ydvÛhfsbv, sp jfsu sn

Wqflf dEj vfJsk ifvsh bf. jcvzfb jfvDsm bhD ƒnmf„t iadkwa¢dk iftbjfvD v™si iadnÝ

zfsYb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }<�@u<و7אذ�p>b�>��7>C��7א� >��7��7:'��وFu7�ن�7א�'�7>�<�73�د<قFu�7�ن�9)�:18�9)�7>�� >�8�{)�٥٤�(��'��-&�#� �

ªˆƒ djkfsh (…dïdJk) ƒnmf„stv jKf hBGbf jv, sn dYt ˆjub iadkwa¢dk iftbjfvD ˆhQ sn dYt vnCt, bhD.« (mfvqAfm }54)

spsrkc dkdb k]fsj pshr jvfv hAfifsv ³LpGLfvsBv sp iadkwa¢dk dikfsj dlsqdYstb, kf iftb jsvdYstb. zfsvf htf rq sp, ˆjusbv nfsK sjfb ufqofq nf[f{ jvfv Wqflf jvst sn Hcst pfq. dj§Â dkdb kfv ubA icsvf dlb zsi[f jsvdYstb.

zfv hf²Àh jKf ˆƒ sp, sL]fjfhfduv ˆƒ lcdbqfq iakfvsjv nQnsoG nQnfv jvf hV jdEb. dhswN j'sv zfibub pdl jKf dlsq jKf bf vfsJ, kfrst kfv zfOfk nrA jvfv mskf [mkf Kfsj bf mfbcsNv.

ƒmfm wfsIqD (v}) hstb, ��."�%C&�³ذא�)�� 3�k&�3وق�3�دق�א�'��#!�y�+��م\��א��

zKGf{, lcdbqfsj nftfm ufbfW (dhlfq lfW), pdl bf kKfq sjfb nkAhflD, Wqflf iftbjfvD (dhÇh²À) W bAfqivfqB hác Kfsj.


�zbKGj jKf W jfu huGb

mfbcsNv uDhsb lcƒ swaBDv jKf W jfu Kfsj }- ˆj } pf dbsuv dhNqDHCk, iasqfubDq W …ijfvD. lcƒ } pf dbsuv dhNq-hdrHGCk, ziasqfubDq W zbKGj. …ÙÁ jKf W jfu mfbcN yfvHfsh n©iflb j'sv Kfsj }- 1. pf dbsuv dhNqDHCk, iasqfubDq W …ijfvD, kf jsv ˆhQ pf dbsuv dhNq-

hdrHGCk, ziasqfubDq W zbKGj, kf huGb jsv. ˆ mfbcN nshGf¤y ipGfsqv dhy[B, ù]dwqfv W nc¦lv ydvÛhfb.

2. pf dbsuv dhNqDHCk, iasqfubDq W …ijfvD, kf jsv bf ˆhQ pf dbsuv dhNq-hdrHGCk, ziasqfubDq W zbKGj, kf huGb jsv bf. ˆ mfbcN nhGdbm ipGfsqv zjmGBA W shjfv.

3. pf dbsuv dhNqDHCk, iasqfubDq W …ijfvD, kf jsv bf, dj§Â pf dbsuv dhNq-hdrHGCk, ziasqfubDq W zbKGj, kf huGb jsv.

4. pf dbsuv dhNqDHCk, iasqfubDq W …ijfvD, kf jsv, dj§Â pf dbsuv dhNq-hdrHGCk, ziasqfubDq W zbKGj, kf huGb jsv bf. ˆ mfbcNäsqv msLA djYc rstW jtAfB zfsY. dj§Â ˆvf iCBG ydvÛhfb W nIt mfbcN bq.

ÎfbD W ydvÛhfb mfbcN sjfbdlb sn jKfq hf jfsu dbsuv nmq hAq W zfqc [q jsv bf, pfsk kfv sjfb iajfv …ijfv sbƒ; kf ƒrstZdjj, zfv bf ifvstZdjj.

iv§Â pJbƒ sjfb mfbcN zbKGj dhNsq nmq hAq jsv, kJbƒ kfv …ijfvD dhNq bó rsk hfLA. zfv pdl sj… kfv nmqsj nfKGj W …ijfvD dhNsq hAq jvfv syóf jsv, kfrst kfv zbKGj sjfb dhNsq hAq jvfv mskf nmq zhdwó Kfjsh bf.

ˆjub n¤ydvÛ mfbcsNv zfyvB hV nc¦lv. zfidb slJshb, sn nc¦lv mcndtm rq.

slJshb, sn iaskAj rfvfm dudbn sKsj lCsv KfjsY ˆhQ mfjv™r W ziasqfubDq ³hL h²ÂW huGb jvsY.

slJshb, iaskAj snƒ jKf, jfu, dy§Àf hf oshNBf, pf dbsuv dhswNk¶ bq, kf ˆdVsq ytsY.

iaskAj snƒ jKf W jfu, pf dbsuv äDb hf lcdbqfv ubA …ijfvD bq zKhf zbKGj, kf idvrfv jvsY.


iaskAj snƒ jKf W jfu, pf dbsuv äDb hf lcdbqfv ubA iasqfubDq bq, kf …si[f jvsY.

iaskAj snƒ jKf W jfu, pf dbsuv dhNqDHCk bq, dbsuv dhswNk¶ bq, kfsk jKf htf, r²Às[i jvf, m§ÀhA jvf W eisj iVf rsk lCsv KfjsY.

slJshb, sn ivjDq jKfq Kfjsk iY¦l jsv bf, nfLfvB mfbcN rsq vfubDdkv jKf hst bf, HfàfvD rsq FfÙÁfvDv jKf hst bf, jdhvfu rsq mrfvfsuv jKf hst bf, zflfv hAfifvD rsq ufrfsuv sJ]fu sbq bf.

sp shfU hdrsk bfsvf hr snƒ shfU, zflfv hAfifvD rsq ufrfsuv sJ]fu?

sn Iftkc hf hfsu jKfq nmq hAq jsv bf, sJtfv Jhv, dhw¶-nc¦lvD iadkspfdokf ƒkAfdl ziasqfubDq Jhv vfJsk nmq Jvy jsv bf.

kfsj slJshb, sn ziasqfubDq zbKGj iaw jsv bf, spmb `mCnf bhDv bfbDv bfm jD' ƒkAfdl iaw, pf lvjfvD bq, kfv …Ùv sJ]fufv ubA nmq hAq jsv bf.

jf…sj hAdÙÁok znÌk dhhakjv iaw jsv bf. spmb kfv ²ÃD-dmtb dhNqj iaw, kfv hAdHyfv, spZbfyfv, ifi ƒkAfdl sofib dhNqj iaw zKhf n§Àfb jm rWqfv jfvB susb iaw j'sv kfsj zöd²Àsk sIst bf.

nCvf Ifdkrfq jqef z[v sbƒ ˆhQ sjb sbƒ, `sjfbX nCvfq bq mDm, sjfb nCvfq bfƒ mDm', dhd¤Yâ z[vÈstfv zKG jD ƒkAfdl dhNq dbsq, mrfb zfïfrv dhdHâ ÈBfhtDv zfjfv-zfjxdk dbsq, nfrfhfslv Hct W zfsifsnv pcÝ-dhoar dbsq dhyfv-dhshj jvsk dosqW dhëfse iVsk yfq bf.

sjfbW Iftskf dhNsq uVfq bf nc¦lv ydvÛhfb W nc¦lv mcndtm. spsrkc mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))�>1 >!<�7&�Fe��7#�:1@u<�7/�>�<�F�9(�>�م�9א�%<�:+�<%>#.((� �ªmfbcsNv ƒntfsmv snZ¦lpG (zKGf{ kfv …Ùm mcntmfb rWqfv ˆjde dyrÁ)

rt zbKGj (jKf W jfu) huGb jvf.« (zfrmfl; 1737, dkvdmpD 2318, k¶fhfvfbD, hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb 4987bQ)

jf'h dhb …uvfr � jkGxj hdBGk, ˆjlf bhD � k]fsj bf slJsk sisq k]fv hAfifsv stfsjslvsj duÎfnf jvstb. stfsjvf htt, `dkdb znc²¿.' nckvfQ dkdb shv rsq ifsq sr]se k]fv jfsY ˆsn htstb, ªjf'h! kcdm ncnQhfl bfW.« k]fv mf k]fv …sÜswA hst …Estb, `sr jf'h! skfmfv ubA ufâfk smfhfvj srfj.' kf ðsb dkdb htstb, ªsj ˆ zfïfrv hAfifsv jnm sJsq (dbÇyqkf dls¤Y)? jf'h htstb, `W zfmfv mf, sr zfïfrv vnCt!' dkdb k]fv mfsqv …sÜswA htstb,


))1 !r&�e��#�]!#�1$و� !�&�e��#ل��d��u؟��uم�$��&�}&��)).و#��&� �ªsr jf'shv mf! jDHfsh ufbst kcdm (sn ufâfkD)? rqskf-hf jf'h ˆmb

jKfhfkGf hstsY, pf kfv dhNqDHCk bq ˆhQ ˆmb djYc lfsb dhvk sKsjsY, pf kfsj zHfhmcÙÁ jvk bf.« (ƒhsb zfdhl lcbXqf 110, k¶fhfvfbDv zfWnfk¶ 7157, dntdntfr nrDrfr 3103bQ)

stfjmfb rfjDmsj htf rt, `zfidb skf rfnrfn sofsÛv lfn. kfrst zfidb ˆmb rfjDm (idàk) rstb jDHfsh?' dkdb htstb, `nkA jKf hst, zfmfbklfvD v[f j'sv ˆhQ zbKGj jKf W jfu huGb j'sv.' (zft-ƒd²Àpjfv 8/276)

ƒmfm wfsIqD (vfdrmfùïfr) hstsYb, `dkbde jmG hcdÝ hxdÝ jsv } dhlAfbslv nfsK WEf-hnf, n{stfjslv nQnsoG Kfjf ˆhQ zbKGj jKf huGb jvf.'

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, `sp hAdÙÁ yfq sp, zfïfr kfv r™lqsj zfstfdjk jv¢b, kfrst sn spb zbKGj jKf huGb jsv.'

rfnfb hfnvD (vfdrmfùïfr) hstsYb, `hf¦lfv iadk zfïfrv ³hmcJ rWqfv zbAkm t[B rt, dkdb kfsj zbKGj jfsu hA²À j'sv slb.'

mfstj dhb lDbfv hstsYb, `pdl kcdm skfmfv r™lsq jsEfvkf, slsr lchGtkf ˆhQ v¢pDsk hÑbf zbcHh jv, kfrst susb dbsqf, kcdm zbKGj dhNsq jKfhfkGf hstY.'

nkjGkfv dhNq sp, zivsj n{jfspGv zfslw W m¦ljfspG hfLf lfb jvf ivjDq dhNsq zbKGj r²Às[i bq. spsrkc zfidÙjv dhNsq iadkhfl ufbfsbf Iftskf dhNq bq. zfv ˆj mc'dmb ziv mc'dmsbv zdHHfhj; ösOfdNk bq, hvQ iadkiftj-sOfdNk.�

zfk¹iawQnf W skfNfml huGb�

zfk¹w½fOf hf zfk¹iawQnf jvf sjfb ydvÛhfsbv jfu bq. dbsusj `drsvf' W zivsj `dusvf' hfbfsbf ˆhQ jKfq jKfq zfdmk¶ iajfsw zfk¹ohG Kfsj. zfv snef rt zrQjfvDv zftfmk.

iawQnfv spfoA rstW dbsuv iawQnf dbsu jvf ncwDt mfbcsNv jfu bq. zfv LfvBfhsw dbsusj iawQnfspfoA hst iajfw jvst skf, snef zfsvf Jfvfi. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}�F�Fbא�'£u7v:/�<-@C7�@y�F$�7':f�:-F�<�F$�9%7�>"��FR8/�٣٢(}א�(��'��-S!א��


ªskfmvf zfk¹iawQnf jsvf bf. dkdbƒ nmAj ufsbb zfïfrHDv¢ sj.« (bfuXm } 32)

ˆj usbv bfm hfvfGr (icBAmqD) vfJf rst dkdb hstb, �»Feא�'£u7v:/�:-@C7�@y<�F$�:1Kא��:-F�<�F$�9�<fFA>"�>��א?��<-@C<!>#�،��7f'_��.�»ز7��7�7!<&7 �

ªskfmvf zfk¹iawQnf jsvf bf. jfvB zfïfrƒ nmAjX ufsbb skfmfslv msLA iCBAmqD sj. hvQ Wv bfm pqbfh vfJ.« (mcndtm 5733, zft-zflfhct mcIvfl hcJfvD, zfhC lf†l 4953, dntdntfr nrDrfr 210 bQ)

zsbj nmq ivyyGf hf zisvv nmfstfybf j'sv dbsuv iawQnf ufdrv jvf rq. zfv rfnfb hfnvD (vfdrmfùïfr) hstsYb, ìajfswA dbsuv hlbfm jvfv mfsbƒ rt, msb msb dbsuv iawQnf jvf.'

zhwA sjfb ²¿st jf…sj zihfl dlsq zil²¿ jvf rst, sn s[sÛ dbsuv nfIfƒ siw jvf zfk¹iawQnfv ipGfqHcÙÁ bq.

…ipGcÙÁ zfqfskv zbA ˆjde hAfJAf rt, skfmvf zsbAv iawQnf jsvf bf. spmb rflDsn bfm vfJfv hAfifsv ±ió. snef dbsuv iawQnf dYt bf, iawQnf dYt dwðjbAfv. hV rsq sn dbu bfm dbsq odhGkf rsk ifvk, kfƒ kfv bfm idvhkGb jvf rsqdYt.

dhswN j'sv jfsvf dmKAf iawQnfv nfsK skfNfml W msbfvÓb jvf ˆjde OxdBk zfyvB. zfv pJb `zfÌct Icst jtf ofY rWqfv' Hq Kfsj, kJb ‰v™i iawQnf nhGbfwD. spmb sjfb mfbcsNv dHksvv Jhv bf susb hfƒsvv zh²¿f slsJ iawQnf jvstW zbcmfb ianCk jKf rsq pfq.

zfhC hfjvfr � sKsj hdBGk, bhD �-ˆv dbje ˆj hAdÙÁ zbA ˆjusbv (kfv nfmsb) Hft iawQnf jvst bhD � htstb, `rfq rfq! kcdm skfmfv nfKDv olGfb sjse sItst!' ˆv™i hfv-hfv htfv iv dkdb htstb,

�))��<�@R7 �Fb�FMF��727#�Fe��+>7�د#�<-@u:�7+F$�7ن�Fu�<9ن)�:��F}>�7X�Fu�:1�8�$�i7�7&�7ن�Fu�<7א�(9نXFu77א�وXFu�:�>�<+F$7��u7v:&�Fe7و�،�@��)).��Fא�<�$F+�7\�و�7+7< �:1:�א �

ªskfmfslv msLA pdl jf…sj ˆjf§Àƒ kfv nfKDv iaQwnf jvsk rq, kfrst sn spb hst, `zfdm Wsj ˆv™i msb jdv' ---pdl ufsb sp, sn iajxkƒ ˆv™i--- `ˆhQ zfïfr Wv drnfh oarBjfvD. zfv zfïfrv (Îfsbv) nfmsb jf…sj db®jtcN W idhÛ sOfNBf jvf pfq bf.« (hcJfvD 6061, mcndtm 7693-7694bQ)

nfmbfnfmdb jfsvf iawQnf jvst sn odhGk rsk ifsv ˆhQ kfv msb zrQjfv hfnf h]fLst kfsj L¶Qsnv dlsj sEst slWqf rsh. kfƒ mrfbhD � hstsYb,


))<-@u�8&9)�7¢:7�د��)).א�Fb�:B<"8X,18�9:�و7א�8 �ªmcsJfmcdJ iawQnf jvf W sbWqf rsk lCsv Kfj, jfvB kf phfƒ.« (zfrmfl

16837, ƒhsb mfufr 3743, k¶fhfvfbD 16172, hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb 10307, nrDùt ufsm 2674bQ)

nfLfvBk} öfKGdndÝ tfsHv …sÜswA pfvf zisvv mcsJfmcdJ iawQnf jsv, kfslv sn zfyvB Hfstf bq. skfNfmcsl mfbcsNv zHAfn, zisvv iawQnfv mfLAsm dbsuv zfsJv ÈdYsq sbWqf. kfƒ snef db¦lbDq ˆhQ ˆmb iawQnfjfvD zimfdbk rWqfv …ipcÙÁ.

ˆj hAdÙÁ …Nmfb �-ˆv nfmsbƒ kf]v iawQnf ðv¢ jvst dmj¶lfl � r]fecv …iv Hv dlsq l]fdVsq kfv mcsJ jf]jv dYefsk ðv¢ jvstb. kJb …Nmfb k]fsj htstb, `jD hAfifv skfmfv?' dkdb htstb, `vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb,

�))�.(9ذ7א��F$7&>:-:�א�8�Fא+<�Fb�،�7�+>=:'א��p>bو:f':x<.9-:�א�_�7א��7((� �ªskfmvf (mcsJfmcdJ) iawQnfjfvDslv slJst kfslv mcsJ Lcstf dYdesq

dlsqf.« (mcndtm 7698bQ) zhwA iasqfusb psKfdyk iawQnf jvf db¦lbDq bq. sjfb jsmG …{nfr W

zbcsiavBf ialfbfsKG zisvv ˆjec kfvDI jvf ShL ˆhQ ItianC. dhswN j'sv pdl iawQdnk hAdÙÁ iCBG „mfb W ƒqfjDsbv zdLjfvD rq,

zfk¹f zbcwDtbD W iCBG Îfb tfsH LbA rq, pfv Ist sn jfsvf iawQnf ðsb dIkbf W sL]fjfv dwjfv bf rq ˆhQ kfv mb kfsj iakfdvk bf jsv, kfrst ˆ Lvsbv stfsjv mcsJfmcdJ iawQnf, bf rfvfm, zfv bf mfjv™r. zbAKf pdl jfsvf s[sÛ …ÙÁ dhNqfdlv djYcv zfwQjf shfL rq, ksh kf sOfv ziY¦lbDq.

ˆjlf zfïfrv vnCt � zfhC hfjXv �-sj hstdYstb; ªzfmfv zfwf ˆƒ sp, kcdmW kfslv ˆjub rsh.« zKGf{ snƒ snZHfoAhfbslv ˆjub rsh, pfslvsj ufâfskv nm²À äfv sKsj zfrhfb ufbfsbf rsh. (hcJfvD 1897, 3666, mcndtm 2418bQ)

zbA ˆj nmq dkdb k]fsj hstdYstb; ªkcdm kfslv z§ÀHcGÙÁ bW.« zKGf{, ‰nh stfsjslv z§ÀHGcÙÁ bW pfvf zrQjfvhwk} tcÌD-ifqufmf of]sev bDsy Ucdtsq isv.

ˆjlf dkdb …mfv �-sj hstdYstb, ªwqkfb skfmfsj sp isK ytsk slsJ, sn iK kAfo j'sv sn zbA iK Lsv.« (hcJfvD 3294, 6355bQ, û} wvsr mcndtm W dvqfpcn n¶fdtrDb, ƒmfm bfWqfhD)


hVslvsj waÝf W sYfeslvsj snr

ncydvÛhfsbv ˆjde nc¦lv zfyvB, sn hVslvsj waÝf W n©mfb jsv ˆhQ sYfeslvsj snr jsv.

hV htsk hsqfsuAô, zfibfv sKsj hqsn hV, Îfsb-dhlAfq hV, n©mfsb hV ˆmb mfbcNsj n©mfb ialwGb jvf zfibfv jkGhA.

hfdVsk lflf-lflD, bfbf-bfbD, hfi-mf, yfyf-yfyD, mfmf-mfmD, IcIc-sIfIf, Jftf-Jftc, hV Hfƒ-HfhD, hV shfb-hcbfƒ, öfmD, w¶ðv-wfðVD, njt hV zfk¹Dqv iadk sYfeslv waÝf jvf ydvÛhfsbv jkGhA.

oafm hf ufmfzfskv smfVt-mfkhv, mcv¢êD, mnduslv ƒmfm, zfstm-rfsIp, dw[j-mf±efv iaHxdk hVslvsj n©mfb jvf n¤ydvÛkfv t[B.

jmG²¿st mfdtj, mAfsbufv, ncifvHfƒufv, ƒdÓdbqfv, idvyftj, nHfidk, n©iflj, nlv hf srF swaBDv mfbcNsj n©mfb ufbfsbf ydvÛhfsbv jkGhA.

jkGhA kfslvsj nftfm slWqf, (if Yc]sq nftfm hf iaBfm bq,) ôfbf rst mcnfIfrf jvf, mfKf hf rfk ycìb jvf, nwaÝ hfjAftfi jvf.

hVslv ubA zfnb sYsV slWqf, kfslv hnfv ufqof sKsj …]yc ufqofq bf hnf, kfslvsj diYb j'sv bf hnf, kfslv nfmsb shzfldh bf jvf, ³r-ùsïfV, sy]yfsmdy hf softmft bf jvf, kfslv shfUf hƒsq slWqf ƒkAfdl sYfeslv jkGhA.

zfv hVslv jkGhA sYfeslvsj snr jvf, kfslv iadk zrQjfv ialwGb bf jvf, kfslvsj kc¤YÎfb bf jvf, dwðslv mfKfq rfk hctfsbf ƒkAfdl.

ˆ zfyvB ydvÛhfsbv, ˆ jfu mcndtsmv ˆhQ mcrf©mflD …©mskv. ˆ vDdkv hfƒsv pfvf, kfvf idviCBG …©mkD hst oBA bq.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, ))7T< F��<%>#�8#@$p>�<%7#�<-F��8�>S:&��7�7¦>�Fu�<-7+<�7&77�7��و¦>r73�<��<!7��و9�<�7&7>��1:��<�7KR7+.((� �

ªsn hAdÙÁ zfmfv …©mskv ltHcÙÁ bq, sp hAdÙÁ zfmfslv hVslvsj n©mfb slq bf, sYfeslvsj snr jsv bf ˆhQ zfstsmv zdLjfv sysb bf.« (zfrmfl 22755, k¶fhfvfbD, rfsjm, nrDr kfvoDh 95 bQ)


iakcAÙsv nlfyfv

nlfyfvDv nlfyfvB rt, sj… iaw jvst kfv …Ùv slq nc¦lvHfsh. spsrkc pfv ydvÛ nc¦lv, kfv nhdjYc nc¦lv.

sj… nftfm dlst kfv nftfsmv …Ùv zdLjkv nc¦lvHfsh slWqf zfhwAj. mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw,

>:-�و7(9ذ7א{? :+��M8 72 _'א�"<27<Fb�7%7�<+FA>"��7.<!>#�<وF$��7fد_و:� ��<p7a��Fu��F�7��?�@u�ن�7א��71(9ن�8>�7+{�� ªpJb skfmfslvsj zdHhflb jvf rq (nftfm slWqf rq), kJb skfmvfW

kf zsi[f …Ùm zdHhflb jv zKhf Wvƒ zbcv™i jv. dbÇyq zfïfr nhGdhNsq drnfh oarBjfvD.« (dbnf } 86)

nckvfQ sp wsè nftfm ifWqf pfq, kfv yfƒsk shdw W nc¦lv wsè zKhf zbcv™i wsè …Ùv slWqf zfhwAj. zfv ˆ jKfW dhdlk sp, nftfm slWqf ncâk. dj§Â kfv …Ùv slWqf Wqfsuh.

kjGfkdjGsk udVsq iVf ydvÛhfsbv zfyvB bq. kfsj uVfsbf rst sn zjfeA iamfB nrjfsv …Ùm W nc¦lvkm …Ùv slq. zbcv™i jfsvf nmfstfybfv uhfh slq ˆjƒ Hsûfdyk vDdksk. kfsk jf…sj sJ]fef slWqf, sJ]fyf slWqf, …õfdb slWqf, sYfe jvf, srq W kc¤Y jvf zfslZ …dyk bq.

ˆ hAfifsv ƒntfsmv dbslGw rt, mrfb zfïfrv hfBD, ��9(�9<��אد>ع:{>�7��F}?"7��>M7�C>2��>"�>MFz>�<'7��F}�8"7(9ن�p>K��>"�7p>f��:%7��<+F$�8�.:-و7x7�د<�אM7!7�72�<�و7א��7':f�:-F�<�F$�%7�>"�8�7s�%7��>1>� >�7��7':f7و�:-F�<�F$�7%&>�7<.:��>"{)�١٢٥�(��א�!��2' �

ªkcdm mfbcNsj skfmfv iadkiftsjv isK zfrhfb jv drjmk W nlcislw äfvf ˆhQ kfslv nfsK zfstfybf jv nßfsh. dbÇyq skfmfv iadkiftj, kf]v iK sYsV sj dhiKofmD rq, sn nìsá ndhswN zhdrk ˆhQ sj n{isK zfsY kfW ndhswN zhdrk.« (bfrXt } 125)

}�@d7�7�د<��و�>�N��א'�@�'@R7&��p�>K��7א�p�>f��:%7��<+F$�8ن��7(9ن�Fl< ��Fu�ن��7א��8 >Fl�ن��7(9ن�8"7 >�!7v�!7&��<-:.7غ:��א��8 !��7:وא��<�9Ä>�7�ن9>�_#{)�٥٣(��א]��א��' �

ª‚mfv hf¦lfslvsj ht, kfvf spb snƒ jKf hst pf …Ùm. dbÇyq wqkfb kfslv msLA dhsHl nxdóv …õfdb slq; dbÇyq wqkfb mfbcsNv iajfwA wÛ¢.« (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 53)

}<]Fb<אد�p>K��>"�7p>f�:%7�<+F$�FM7~? ��)��٩٦(}&y>�7@'ن�7"<�F�<�F$��7-:��27>%:�א��8'��#oنא�'!� �ªkcdm Hfstf äfvf ms¦lv mcjfdhtf jv. kfvf pf hst, zfdm sn nìsá


ndhswN zhdrk.« (mc'dmbCb } 96) }�F�77�د<�@'א�وS:/�7�<fF$�>��7>C�א��K�9)�p>K��>"�7p>f�:%7�<+F$��K�9)�7%&>XKא�א�':�F�F¬�<-:.<!>#{)�٤٦�(� �

ªsnZusbAv nfsK YfVf skfmvf oa§¿LfvD (ƒqfrClD W dJa±efb)slv nsÌ kjG-dhkjG jsvf bf; ksh Wslv msLA pfvf nDmftQObjfvD, kfslv nfsK (kjG) bq.« (zfbjfhCk } 46)

}�F�7�7>7'��9و/�@M7!7�72�א��F�7و�@M7~? 1�7:��"7 >!��F}�7א�Fb��>XK,9ذ7א�$�p>K��>"�7p>f�:%7�<+Fאد>Fb[>�א��8!< ��7��7אو��m�7و7"7:18�FAFu�¹p>�7و�\- >� -��+7¤�ذ:و�(7f�KRF�:&�Ke9��و7#7��7�73:وא�א�7f�KRF�:&�Ke9)�7%&>XK��و٣٤�(�7#7(�+7�>z7�))��٣٥��8#9(7و�F}8!F|7v<!7&�<%>#�9ن�Fl< �<�v7��<X>�7<��Fb>غ\�א��8�>"�:�7(18�9':f�:] >��b;)�٣٦(}א�7��< -:�א��8 �

ªHft W m¦l nmfb rsk ifsv bf. …{jxó äfvf m¦l iadkrk jv; kfrst pfslv nfsK skfmfv wÛ¢kf zfsY, sn rsq pfsh z§ÀvÌ hácv mk. ˆ ydvsÛv zdLjfvD sjht kfvfƒ rq pfvf SLpGwDt, ˆ ydvsÛv zdLjfvD kfvfƒ rq pfvf mrfHfoAhfb. pdl wqkfsbv jcm§ÃBf skfmfsj iasvfdyk jsv, ksh zfïfrv jfsY zfwaq iafKGbf jv. dbÇyq dkdb nhGswafkf, nhGÎ.« (rf-mDm nfulfr } 34-36)

zfv mrfbhD � hstsYb, \�و(ن9((..... 77��F}7א#>�:a�FJ7�8 >A>"�7T#>��و�7F��7':f�F} >b��b�:�<�? 7�:/��<#A>"�7':f��>1� >b��:1�<�7ن:��ود'�@C7&� >�1و7"7��@1:F�7��:�:�<x$و�F}F��e�7א�/8�:�7%�8و+$.((

ª---zfv pdl sjfb hAdÙÁ skfmfsj ofdt slq ˆhQ sp Û¢de skfmfv msLA sbƒ kf dbsq skfmfsj tÏf slq, kfrst kcdm kfsj snƒ Û¢de dbsq Wsj tÏf dlsqf bf, pf Wv msLA zfsY. Wsj …si[f jsv yt. Wv ifi Wv …iv ˆhQ skfmfv icBA skfmfv ubA. zfv zhwAƒ jf…sj ofdt dlsqf bf.« (ƒhsb drêfb 521, k¶fqfdtnD 1208, nrDùt ufsm' 98bQ)

ˆ rt nhsysq …Ùm vDdk. ksh zbcv™i iadkswfL sbWqf zShL bq. dj§Â kfsk nDmf tQOb jvf zShL. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�)).א�@7�7�"8�ن��F�7�Fb�Fe�Fd��7#�9א��7�د<��#<!.:�7��+��87&�7>�7<��א��zF@'م:�((� �ªzfsifsn oftfofdtsk vk lc'ub hAdÙÁ sp nh jchfjA …¤yfvB jsv, sn nh

kfslv msLA nCybfjfvDv …isv hkGfq; pk[B bf zkAfyfdvk hAdÙÁ (iadkswfL oarsB) nDmf zdkÛÁm jsv.« (zfrmfl 10329, mcndtm 6756, zfhC lf…l 4894bQ, dkvdmpD)

zfv mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, �<=>�d�7�Fb�9<�:'א��Fd�7>:->�و7(9ن>{>"��7#�-:<�>d':��>1>"�%>~F�7�7�73�7>/:->�و':.F��\�< 7G�7%&�>"�8��N�{)�١٢٦�(� �


ªpdl skfmvf iadkswfL oarB jv, kfrst dEj kkJfdb jvsh, pkJfdb zbAfq skfmfslv iadk jvf rsqsY. zfv pdl skfmvf ³LpGLfvB jv, kfrst zhwAƒ ³LpGwDtslv ubA snefƒ …Ùm.« (bfrXt } 126)

ofdtv …Ùsv ofdt dlst hvfhv ofdt slWqf pfsh. ksh …ipcÙÁ bf rst zbcv™i wè iasqfo jvfq slfN rsh bf. zfidb mdrtf. sjfb icv¢N pdl zfibfsj `wftD' hst ofdt slq, kfrst zfidb kfsj `wftf' hst ofdt dlsq iadkswfL dbst rfnAjv rsh. jfvB zfibfv skf sj… wftf rsk ifsv bf. nckvfQ zbcv™i sjfb wè zhwAƒ yqb jvsk rsh. ksh kf spb zsi[fjxk shdw HfvD bf rsq pfq.

jdh hstsYb, `jcjcsvv jfu jcjcv jsvsY jfmV dlqfsY ifq,

kf hst jcjcsv jfmVfsbf dj sv mfbcsNv swfHf ifq?' kf ifq bf dEjƒ, dj§Â tfdE smsv zfOfk jvf pfq. ksh smsv slWqf pfq bf

ˆhQ zfƒbsj dbsuv rfsk kcst sbWqf pfq bf. ˆ s[sÛ n¤ydvÛkfv nhGfdLj nc¦lv zfyvB rt, ³LpG W [mfwDtkf; pdlW

kf nfLfvB mfbcsNv ubA HDNB jdEb. sj… dydE dtJst nc¦lvHfsh uhfh slWqf jkGhA. sj… sIfb jvst

nc¦lvHfsh dvdnH jvf jkGhA. zhÎf j'sv bfj dn]esj dvdnH bf jvf zrQjfvDv zftfmk. iv§Â ˆmb hAdÙÁ zdHwå. sp jt jsv, sn …Ùv bf sisq oftfofdt jsv. zhwA ndkAndkA hA²À Kfjst zftflf jKf. khcW msb vfJsk rsh, sp sedtsIfb jvsY kfv ˆjef rj zfsY. zfv sn rj kfsj nfLAmskf zflfq jvsk rsh. dmnXF-jt slsJ isv jKf htsk rsh. bsy{ idvdyk rsqW kfv jtsj Èv¢k¶ bf slWqfv Ist kfv rj bó rq.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, ))��7+�F}< F�7��FJ>�7�7S>��8ن,b��8و7(9ن�،��R7+�F}�< F�7��F}�>x<7وv>��8و7(9ن�،��R7+�F}< F�7��F} 7!< �R��،�و7(9ن7�>��8

��R7+�F}< F�7��FJ9��)).�<7vو> �ªskfmfv …iv skfmfv slsrv zdLjfv zfsY. skfmfv …iv skfmfv

y[cäsqv zdLjfv zfsY. skfmfv …iv skfmfv ²ÃDv zdLjfv zfsY ˆhQ skfmfv …iv skfmfv zdkdKv zdLjfv zfsY.«

zfv sp sIfsb nf[f{ jfmbf jsv, sn ˆj iajfv zdkdK. kfv rj zflfsq k{iv rWqf ˆhQ kfv zdHwfi sKsj lCsv Kfjf ydvÛhfsbv jkGhA.

zhwA jtjfvDvW …dyk, mcndtm Hfƒsqv iadk ncLfvBf vfJf ˆhQ sn jt


dvdnH bf jvst `kfv zrQjfv zfsY, hlmfdw zfsY, sn zfmfsj zhÎf jvsY, ƒ¤Yf j'sv kctsY bf' ƒkAfdl jcLfvBf bf jvf.

nc¦lv zfyvB W nc¦lv ydvsÛv zdLjfvD bfvD-icv¢N slJsk jc{dnk rstW, zfnst hÖ nc¦lv, hÖ nc¦lvD. msbv snZ¦lpG hfdrAj snZ¦lpGsj rfv mfbfq.�

ncLfvBf

ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢N pJb ncLfvBf W jcLfvBfv äs¦l isV, kJb sn mcndtsmv iadk ncLfvBfƒ vfsJ. zhwA dbdÇyk LfvBf rst sn jKf zftflf ˆhQ sp s[sÛ ncLfvBf jvst [dkv zfwËf zfsY, sn s[sÛ ncLfvBf j'sv dbdÇyk rWqf …dyk bq.

`bf jv LfvBf wCbA vsr iadk hb, KfdjskW ifsv hAfOa jdvqf wqb.'

²ÃD-jbAfv iadk ncLfvBf svsJ öfLDbkf dlst [dkv zfwËf zfsY, nckvfQ kfslv hAfifsv nkjGkf zhtìb jvf ÎfbD W dhy[B mfbcsNv zbAkm nlfyvB.

sj… zfibfv sIfb dvdnH jvt bf. sj… zfibfsj lfWqfk dlt bf. sj… zfibfv lfWqfsk ˆt bf. sj… zfibfv nfsK Wqflf HÌ jvt---ƒkAfdl. snƒ nmq ncydvÛhfb jcLfvBf bf j'sv ncLfvBf j'sv hst,

`jcY skf mfuhcdvq]f vrD srfÌD, ƒ]… sjfqD shzIf sbr]D srfkf.'

zKGf{, djYc dbv¢ifq zh²¿f sKsj Kfjsh, ˆmdb sj… iadkwa¢dk HÌ jsv bf. r]Af, ncLfvBf jvfsk mfbdnj wfd§À zfsY, ifi sbƒ. i[f§Àsv jcLfvBf jvfsk

msb zwfd§À zfsY, kfsk ifiW rq. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }7&��\-<�9)�?%Kz9ن�8"�7>��7א�)�?%Kzא�#<�7%א�¦>=Fu7!<�:'א�<x7#4�7%!:'א�א&>XK7��א�._&$��{��Wא�S�١٢:�א� �

zKGf{, sr dhw¶fdnoB! skfmvf hùdhL LfvBf rsk lCsv Kfj; jfvB sjfb sjfb LfvBf ifi. (nCvf ùucvfk 12 zfqfk)

jcLfvBf ˆj iajfv dmKAf jKf, dmKAf zihfl. ˆƒ ubA mfbcsNv iadk jcLfvBf jvsk rq bf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))�> &>�F��7:�אXuF$�8%Kz9ن�8א�,Fb�،�8%Kzو7א��<-@u�8&9).�((� �ªskfmvf jcLfvBf sKsj dbsuslvsj hf]dysq vfJ. jfvB jcLfvBf nhsysq hV


dmKAf jKf.« (hcJfvD 5143, mcndtm 6701bQ) sjfb ˆj ufqofq ˆj sufVf pchj-pchkD hsn zfsY. rsk ifsv kfvf öfmD-

²ÃD, rsk ifsv Hfƒ-shfb, zfhfv rsk ifsv siadmj-siadmjf. sn s[sÛ ncLfvBf j'sv pdl öfmD-²ÃD hf Hfƒ-shfb Lsv sbWqf rq, kfrst msb yfÑtA nxdó rq bf ˆhQ ifiW rq bf; pdlW kfvf kf bf rq. i[f§Àsv jcLfvBf j'sv kfslvsj siadmj-siadmjf Lsv dbst ˆhQ kfvf kf bf rst kfslv ydvsÛ zihfl zfsvfi jvf rq, pf zsbj hV sofbfsrv jfu.

ˆjlf vfdÛjfst ndIqAfr (vf}) ƒ'dkjfIvk öfmD mrfbhD �-sj mndusl slJf jvfv ubA ˆstb. djYc[B jKfhfkGf htfv iv dkdb hfnfq dIvsk sost mrfbhD � k]fsj si]ZsY dlsk k]fv nfsK shv rstb. isK zfbnfvslv lcƒ hAdÙÁv nsÌ k]fslv slJf rst kfvf wDOa ytsk tfot. mrfbhD � htstb, ªWsr! sj skfmvf? swfb. zfmfv nfsK ˆ mdrtf rt (zfmfvƒ ²ÃD) ndIqf dhs§À ùqfƒ.« kfvf htt, `zfïfrv ifbfr! nchrfbfïfr! zfibfv hAfifsvW dj zfmvf sjfb ns¦lr jvsk ifdv?' mrfbhD � htstb,

;:�و7(�9?��א��8م�i7�<S7#�9א]�9>�7�ن�i9�<S7&�7%>#�9א��8 >Fl�ن�7(9ن8«>�7G�<نF$�7�>XR7&��>b��7�@C>"'@�@d7�א�a«.� �ª(zfdm htdY bf sp, skfmvf sjfb jcLfvBf j'sv hnsh. dj§Â zfdm ufdb

sp,) wqkfb zflm n§Àfsbv vÙÁdwvfq iahfdrk rq. zfv zfmfv Hq rq sp, sn skfmfslv msb sjfb jcLfvBf iad[å j'sv slsh.« (hcJfvD 2035, mcndtm 5808bQ)

zbcv™iHfsh mrfb iadkiftsjv iadk ncLfvBf vfJf dbslGw zfsY mcndtsmv iadk. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))�>��>"�8%Kz�7&:2>�<%:�א�':f7و�Ke9)�<-@u:�7+$��%7/':�7&�Fe−�8�7x7�8وv7��.((� �ªzfïfr zfpXpf zufïfv iadk ncLfvBf bf svsJ skfmfslv sj… spb zhwAƒ

mxkcAhvB bf jsv.« (mcndtm 7412, ƒhsb mfufr 4167 bQ) jfvB zfïfr zfpXpf zufï hstb,

))p>�:�@u<X7&�: < 7+�:17�7#��7�F$7و�،�p>"��>�<�7��?%F¬�7�<!>��7�F$.((� �`zfdm snƒv™i, spv™i hf¦lf zfmfv iadk LfvBf vfsJ. zfdm kfv nfsK Kfdj,

pJb sp zfmfsj ±mvB jsv.« (hcJfvD 7805 bQ, mcndtm 7128bQ)


� �vdnjkf

rfnA-vdnjkf jvf sJfw-smufsuv t[B. nÌD-nfKDslv nfsK vrnA W mõvf jvf zfmcsl stfsjv zftfmk. sp mfbcN dbsu zfbs¦l Kfsj, sn zivsj zfb¦l dhkvB jvsk ifsv. zfv sn mfbcN dbÇyq ncydvÛhfb.

ksh rfnA-vdnjkf mfsb hjXhjfdb hf sTefdm bq. spsrkc mc'dmsbv dyÙ rq Hfhmq, v™i rq ofd©HpGiCBG.

zivsj rfnfhfv …sÜswA dmKAf hst vdnjkf jvf, dmKAf sjZkcj hf o¬i hfdbsq zivsj rfnfsbf ncydvÛhfsbv t[B bq. spsrkc vnCt � hstb,

�i>XK�>��:§?�72:&�:�>XC7و7&>�\«�Fb�F}>2< : �.�»�1F:�و1F��\�<&7:�و7&>�\�אFR�'>م1>"�7<��< �ªlcsHGfo snƒ hAdÙÁv, sp dmKAf hst stfsjslvsj rfnfq. lcsHGfo kfv ubA,

lcsHGfo kfv ubA.« (zfhc lf†l 4992bQ, dkvdmpD 2315, nrDùt ufsm' 7013bQ) htf hfùtA, vdnjkf W mõvfq dmKAf W zw½Dt jKf Kfjsh bf. vnCt �

nkA jKfv mfLAsmƒ mõvf jsvsYb. spmb, zfhc …mfƒv bfmj ˆj dwwcv sJtbf ifJD (bcofƒv) mfvf sost sn lc}dJk rq. kf slsJ dkdb kfsj sJfw jvfv ubA mõvf jsv htstb, `ˆƒ sp …mfƒv! dj jsvsY bcofƒv?« (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 4884bQ)

ˆjlf ˆj hAdÙÁ k]fv dbje nWqfvD …]e yfƒst dkdb htstb, ªskfmfsj ˆjde …ebDv hf¤yf slh.« stfjde htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! hf¤yf dbsq jD jvh?' dkdb htstb, ª…ebD YfVf dj …e zfv sj… u¦m slq?« (zKGf{ iaskAj …eƒ skf kfv mfsqv hf¤yf.) (zfhclf†l, dkvdmpD, dmwjfk 4886bQ)

ˆjlf ˆj hxÝf ˆsn htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb lczf jsv dlb pfsk zfïfr zfmfsj ufâfsk iashw jvfb.' dkdb mõvf jsv htstb, `hxÝfvf ufâfsk iashw jvsh bf.« kf wcsb hxÝf j]flsk j]flsk ia²¿fb jvt. dkdb nfrfhfslvsj htstb, ªWsj hst lfW sp, hxÝfh²¿fq sn ufâfsk pfsh bf.« (hvQ sn pchkD rsq pfsh.) (wfmfsqtck dkvdmpD, vfpDb, ofqfkct mfvfm, dmwjfk 4888bQ)


mcydj rfdn

nf[fsk mcydj rfdn ˆjde ns©mfrbD ncydvÛ. pfslv mfsU slJf-nf[f{ W rfdn dhdbmq ³hL zfsY, kfslv mfsU mcydj rfdnv dUdtj mbsj r™lsqv jfvfofsv h¦lD j'sv sIst.

i[f§Àsv nf[fsk sofmVf-mcJ rsq Kfjf z§Àsv dhsäN nxdó jsv. kfƒ öHfhk} rfnmcJ bf rstW Hfƒsqv nf[fsk mxlc rfnA jvf n¤ydvÛ mfbcsNv t[B. zfv snef ˆjef icsBAv jfu W nfljf.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, �))7GF$��FR�7/�<نF$�<'F�7و��~ 7a�>��)).�R<27/�Fek�Fh��1<x7'>"�FJ<�ن#�8<�7%א��F:و �

ªkcdm icsBAv sjfb jfusj kc¤Y msb jsvf bf. pdlW kcdm skfmfv (mcndtm) Hfƒsqv nsÌ rfdnmcsJ nf[f{ jvsk ifv.« (zKGf{ rfdnmcsJ nf[f{ jvfW icsBAv jfu). (mcndtm 6857bQ)

ncydvÛhfb spb iaskAj mfbcsNv jAfsmvfv nfmsb Kfsj ˆhQ mcydj rfdn ialwGb jsv, Ist njstv jfsY kfv Ydh nc¦lv tfso.

zShL siam uosk ˆ jKf zdhdlk bq sp, mcydj rfdn dhlcAk zsi[f Jvsy jm, dj§Â ymsj zsbj shwD. ncydvÛhfb snƒ ymj ³hL n©iaDdk ²¿fisb hAhrfv jsv.

kvhfdv äfvf uq zsi[f rfdn äfvf usqv mfb W ²¿fdqk¶ zsbj shwD. kfƒ skf rfnmcJ hAdÙÁ zdLjfQw mfbcsNv mb uq jsv.

jfsvf nfsK msbfmfdtbA rskƒ ifsv. jfsvf iadk vfo rskƒ ifsv. dj§Â rfnmcJ hAdÙÁv iadk lDOG[B vfofd¦hk Kfjf pfq bf. spsrkc kfv mxlc rfdnv hdvNB vfsov kfisj wDkt j'sv slq.

zhwA jKfq-jKfq dIjXdIjX, rf}-rf}, srf}-srf}, dr}dr} j'sv shdw rfnA jvf n¤ydvÛkfv t[B bq. iaotH hf dTse mfbcN ncydvsÛv zdLjfvD rsk ifsv bf. kfYfVf mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))�Fوא��:�>=C:/�F}>28 Fb�F�7�<=Fu�>}>28,9ن�8א� ;:�א�>�:/�7��FR�א.((� �ªskfmvf shwD shwD srsnf bf. jfvB, shwD rfnfv Ist r™lq mfvf pfq.«

(zfrmfl, ƒhsb mfufr 4193, nrDùt ufsm' 7435bQ) zfv lcÇydvsÛv t[B rt rfdnv mfsU I]fdn dlsq zShL iaBq nxdó jvf. iaKm

nf[fskv ‰ rfdn iawfnsbv zKhf zfk¹rkAfv I]fdn ipG§À si]ZYfsk ifsv.


rfdnmcsJ nf[f{

ncydvÛhfb mfbcsNv nfsK nf[f{jfst mcydj rfsn, slJf rst rfdnmcsJ öfok ufbfq, ncydvÛhkD dbu mfrvfm, öfmD hf sjfb mdrtfv nfsK nf[f{jfst mcsJ rfdn slJfq. spsrkc rfdnsk zfsY Hfstfhfnfv pflc. zfv n©iaDdk W ³hL Hfstfhfnfv ubA rfdnv dUdtj Jchƒ iadkdÛÁqfwDt.

pdlW êf Jch sYfÕ jfu. ˆ jfsu skmb djYc hAq jvsk rq bf. khcW kf ˆjde nlfyvB, ˆjde icBAjfu. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))k�Fh��1<x7'>"�FJ�7GF$��FR�7/�<نF$�<'F�7و��~ 7a�>��)).R<27/�Fe<�ن#�8<�7%א��F:و �ªkcdm icsBAv sjfb jfusj kc¤Y msb jsvf bf. pdlW kcdm skfmfv (mcndtm)

Hfƒsqv nsÌ rfdnmcsJ nf[f{ jvsk ifv.« (zKGf{ rfdnmcsJ nf[f{ jvfW icsBAv jfu). (mcndtm 6857bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, ))_�@u��د9��y:/��<%�>#��FJ9'��7غ��7وF$7ن>�F$��FR�7/�FJ�7GF$��1<x7'>"�k�Fhن>�א��7>�:و�<�#<%>�و7(9ن�mMFd7�73�8#�7>�:وp>b�>��7�9)�F} >GF$.((� �

ªiaskAj jtAfBmCtj jmGƒ rt nljfr (jvfv nmkctA). zfv skfmfv Hfƒsqv nfsK skfmfv rfdnmcsJ nf[f{ jvf ˆhQ skfmfv hftdkv nfrfspA (jcsqf sKsj ifdb kcst) skfmfv Hfƒsqv ifÛ (jtnD ƒkAfdl) Hsv slWqfW jtAfBmCtj (n{)jsmGv ipGfqHcÙÁ.« (zfrmfl 14877, dkvdmpD, rfsjm, nrDùt ufsm' 4557 bQ)

i[f§Àsv pfvf ncydvÛhfb bq, kfvf ˆ jfusj kc¤YÎfb jsv. Ist zisvv nfsK nf[fskv nmq mcJ Hfv j'sv Kfsj. hfQtf i]fsyv mskf mcJefsj h]fdjsq vfsJ. Jch iasqfub YfVf snZubAmCtj sjfb jKf hst bf. HfstfHfsh nftfsmv uhfh slq bf. HfstfHfsh mcnfIfrf jsv bf. nIv sKsj ˆst mczfbfjf jsv bf. zfnst kfslv mb hV nQjDBG W zbclfv. kfslv r™lsq zisvv nf[f{ jtAfB hsq zfsb bf. kfslv jfsY jfsvf nf[f{ W zfiAfqb HfvD msb rq. zhfdÒk stfj bf rstW kfvf mbsj iaw²À jvsk ifsv bf. dbÇyq ˆmb zfyvB n¤ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢sNv bq.

zhfdÒk zHû stfj rstW kfv nfsK snZubAmCtj zfyvB jvfv dhLfb vsqsY ƒntfsm. zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, ˆj zHû hAdÙÁ zfïfrv bhD �-ˆv nfsK nf[f{ jvsk yfƒt. bhD �-ˆv jfsY Jhv sost dkdb htstb,


�.�»א�7��<¦�7<��F$�7T<~>"�:�:x7و>��<א�7��<¦�7א">%:�1F��7T<~>�F�Fb:�א�>�7X:'א«� �ªWsj zbcmdk lfW. hfsu stfj Wef!« kfviv kfsj iashw jvfv zbcmdk dlstb. sn pJb hnt, kJb bhD �

kfv nfmsb JcwD iajfw jvstb ˆhQ bmaHfsh jKf htsk tfostb. zk}iv stfjde yst sost zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) k]fsj htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb kfv n©isjG ˆƒ ˆƒ (jcm§ÀhA) jvstb. kfviv sn pJb dHksv ˆt, kJb kfv nfmsb JcwD iajfw jvstb ˆhQ bmaHfsh jKf htsk tfostb!' zfïfrv vnCt � htstb,

�»�7&�@M7�>��7��8�8�7(9نa�9א�!8�س�MF�9v<!7#�7�<!>��>1K7'>م�7א��&�>M7#�7 >R�و>�و7د1�7�7:��%�7#>��אF$�7/�:1�Fu7��:��7א�!�8�س��FR?/א�>1>�<2@b«�.� �

ªsr zfsqwf! djqfmskv dlb zfïfrv dbje nhGfsi[f dbjxómfsbv hAdÙÁ snƒ rsh, pfsj mfbcN kfv zw½Dtkf sKsj h]fyfv ubA huGb j'sv Kfsj.« (hcJfvD 6054, 6131, mcndtm 6761bQ)

dtïfrD ëfkxk¶ iadkôf W äDbD Hfƒsqv dpqfvk ˆ ixdKhDsk zfib zfk¹Dq-öub YfVfW ˆmb djYc Hfƒ-hác Kfsj, pfslv

nfsK slJf-nf[f{ j'sv jcwt dhdbmq jvsk rq. pfslv nfsK vÙÁ, lcÊ, dhhfr, n©il, öfKG hf zbA sjfb n©isjGv háb Kfsj bf, Kfsj ðLc äDb W „mfsbv háb, mrfb zfïfrv n§Âdó tfsHv zfwfv zfjNGB. ncydvÛhfb stfsjvf ˆƒ n©ijG ²¿fib j'sv Kfsj. mrfb zfïfrv kcdó dhLfsbv …sÜswA zfsifsn n©iaDdk jfsqm jsv.

ˆƒ n©iaDdkv iadk Èv¢k¶ zfsvfi j'sv mrfbhD � hstsYb, ))��Fe7א�+�727/��87�"_'א�،�$و'�:!>#<o:/�Fe7א،�و'�:!>#<o:/��87+�FM8!Fא�א�'@�:G<�7/�Fe�،>�>�7 >"�p>�y7��>XKوא�

�-C! �:'�:�/727�"�7>:->�؟�$�b:'א�א��8م�7":�7�Fb9ذ7א�)��<p7a��F�7��<-@C£�:د$.((� �ªsnƒ nÙfv jnm pfv rfsk zfmfv iafB vsqsY! skfmvf ufâfsk iashw

jvsh bf; pk[B bf skfmvf mc'dmb rsh. ˆhQ skfmvf mc'dmb rsk ifvsh bf; sp ipG§À bf skfmvf iv±isv Hfthfnf vfJsh. zfdm dj skfmfslvsj ˆmb jfu hst slh bf, pJb skfmvf kf jvsh, kJb skfmvf ˆsj zivsj Hfthfnsk tfosh? skfmvf iv±isvv msLA nftfm iayfv jv.« (mcndtm 203bQ)

ˆƒ db}öfKG Hfstfhfnf jfsqsm vsqsY „mfsbv öfl. iajxk „mfblfvDv


zbcHCdk. „mfbD dmókfv zföflb. vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb, � :2<��8א�,7Z9�نF$�7�>S7&�7-<�Fh�9ن>��8�7:�%7#>((Fb�7�<�7��)).وF��:1_�>2:&��K�9)�>1K�>��8v7��8�7x7��א� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ�„mfsbv�öfl sisk iY¦l jsv, sn hAdÙÁ�sjht ncmrfb zfïfrv …sÜswAƒ zivsj Hfthfncj.« (zfrmfl , rfsjm 3, 7312, nrDùt ufsm' 5958 bQ)

1<�و�7�7x7"<.9%�8+�7و�F�7א]7Z�ن�7��9((�>b�8%@u�<%7#�\§�:��8�>#�>1�< F�9)�8�7+$�:1@�':�7�$ن>�&C7@'ن�7א�@�و7��<�،�وF$7ن>�&�7�7�C7$ن>�&�7:'د��7א��9�y@C"�7>��7$ن>�$�>�7XFR:�א�Ke)�:1_�>2:&�Fe�7�<�F7��،�و7$ن>�&:2<��א��:f7'7א�

C7&��7�Fu�،�:1<!>#�9�7��7א�!8�XR:&�<�7:�$ن�.((� �ªpfv msLA dkbde ÈB Kfsj, sn „mfsbv dmókf tfH j'sv Kfsj. zfïfr W

kf]v vnCt kfv jfsY zbA nh djYc sKsj zdLj diaq rsh; jf…sj Hfstfhfnst sjht zfïfr'v ubAƒ Hfthfnsh. zfv jcIXvD sKsj kfsj zfïfrv h]fyfsbfv iv icbvfq kfsk dIsv pfWqfsj ˆmb ziY¦l jvsh, spmb sn dbsusj zfÈsb dbd[å jvfsj ziY¦l jsv.« (hcJfvD 16, mcndtm 174bQ)

dtïfrD Hfstfhfnf ²¿fibjfvDvf zfnst zfïfrv zfWdtqf. kfslv ˆmb mpGflf vsqsY, pf slsJ bhD W wrDloBW „NGf jvshb! zfïfù zfjhfv! mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�7�f�7:->�7#��@�7��1<א��K<�7�د<�#<%>�(9ن8«�>�<�FA>"�Fe7�7و�7�7א.:a�:-:.@l>�<r7&�:��7 >�<�F:�א��7'>م�7و7א��_.7�7א&�>M7#�7 >R�א�<-9.>��FC7�>"�7%>#�>1Kא��F��7�7/«�.� �

ªdjYc stfj zfsY pfvf bhD bq, wrDlW bq. zKy bhD W wrDloB zfïfrv dbje kfslv mpGflf slsJ „NGf jvshb.«

stfsjvf htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt, zfmfslvsj hst dlb, kfvf jfvf?' dkdb htstb,

�»<-:f�\م<'Fd1<��"<�:و727/�9¢�"_'א��Kא��F�7��9��< F|��7�م+<�F$��<-:.7!�< 7"�Fe77אل��و'�<#F$��7.7�<'Fh�7�77&��>1�K7א��'Fb�89ن)�<-:.7f':x:و�\�':!F��<-:.8�9)7و��F�7��':��Fe�7ن'@b�7�7&�9)�7ذ7א��7G�:א�!8�س�Fe7�7:'ن�7وv<27&9ن�7(9ذ7א�v7+�:א�!8�س«�.� �

ª‰ stfj rt kfvf, pfvf zfïfrv n§Âdó�tfsHv�…sÜswA zfsifsn háck¶ jfsqm jsv; pfslv mfsU sjfb zfk¹Dqkfv háb Kfsj bf�ˆhQ Kfsj bf sjfb zsKGv stbslb. zfïfrv jnm! kfslv mcJmàt rsh suAfdkmGq. kfvf bCsvv mfsU zh²¿fb jvsh. stfsjvf pJb HDk-n§Ã²À rsh, kJb kfvf sjfb Hq ifsh bf ˆhQ stfsjvf pJb lcdÇy§Àfoa²À rsh, kJb kfslv sjfb lcdÇy§Àf Kfjsh bf.«

zk}iv dkdb ifE jvstb,


>.9->�و�7v<27&�<-:f�e7:'ن��7{F�7��\�<'7G�F��>��F.:�->��)�٦٣(�وFu7��:'א�&R87@'ن��7א�XK<&7#4�7%!:'א�)�٦٢($�eF(9نF$�8و>�< 7��7א:- >z7��ز:�א<'Fy��7א':f�F}>�7ذ�>��W�7<�א>�FC>��7�&>�<�7/�F��>�7�>Gא��p>b77��و �)�٦٤(}א��:�>��p>b�i7א72� 7��<�א��_�> �

`nkjG rW! dbÇyq pfvf zfïfrv hác, kfslv sjfb Hq sbƒ. kfvf lc}dJkW rsh bf. pfvf mcdmb ˆhQ ivsrpofv. kfslv ubA ƒrstZdjj W ifvstZdjj uDhsb vsqsY ncnQhfl. zfïfrv hfjAfhtDv sjfb idvhkGb sbƒ. êfƒ rt mrfnfItA.« (nCvf ƒ…bcn 62-64 zfqfk, zfhC lf†l 3529bQ)

kfslv mcJmàt rsh suAfdkmGq, kfvf zh²¿fb jvsh suAfdkv smìsv. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��@��&l>�<r7@.:-:�א�!�8< _�'ن�8v7��−�:��7وFd−��8�7x7�ل�7א':��<%>#�:�>"�7#!7�<-:.F��،�p>��7x��7א�@727�"_'ن�))�.و7א��_.7�7א�:� �

ªzfïfr zfpXpf zufï hstb, `zfmfv mpGflfv Wqfs²À pfvf zfsifsn Hfthfnf ²¿fib jvsh, kfslv (hnfv) ubA rsh bCsvv smìv; pf slsJ bhD W wrDloB�„NGf jvshb.« (dkvdmpD 2390, zfrmfl 22080bQ)

zfïfrv Wqfs²À háck¶ ²¿fisb vsqsY zfsvf ˆjde icvõfv djqfmskv YfqfrDb mqlfsb, mrf icvõfv. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��:1£�>¬�Ke)�8�>¬�Fe�71<�&7'>مN�>¬��@�7�z:&�mM7�<�7�)�:-.!#�(��7�7<�£.:-:�א<xא�>��F�:x7ن727/�9�"��א7�>1 F�7��Fd8�Fy7/1<�و F�((....� �

ªzfïfr nfk hAdÙÁsj snƒ dlsb k]fv (zfvswv) Yfqf lfb jvshb, spdlb k]fv Yfqf hAkDk zfv sjfb Yfqf Kfjsh bf; (kfslv msLA rt,) snƒ lcƒ hAdÙÁ pfvf zfïfrv n§ÂdótfsHv …sÜswA háck¶ W Hfthfnf ²¿fib jsv; pfvf ˆƒ Hfthfnfv …iv dmdtk rq ˆhQ ˆƒ Hfthfnfv …isvƒ dyvdhd¤Yâ (kfslv mxkcA) rq.« (hcJfvD 660bQ, mcndtm 2427bQ)

�))��>M7#�7 >Rل:�&7'>م�7א�'@R7&��F��7�7/��$&>�7%א�@727�"_'ن�p>�F�7S>"�7؟�א� 7'>م�pN�>¬�p>b�<-:.£�>¬@$�7&7'>م��7:�(ن��א�pN�>¬�Ke)�8�>¬�Fe.((� �

ªzfïfr kfzftf djqfmskv dlb htshb, `zfmfv mdrmf W swaôsk¶v ubA iv±ivsj pfvf HftshsndYt kfvf sjfKfq? zfusjv dlb zfdm kfslvsj zfmfv Yfqfq zfwaq slh, spdlb zfmfv (zfvswv) Yfqf YfVf zbA sjfb Yfqf sbƒ.« (mcndtm 6713bQ)

zfïfù zfjhfv! sjfbW ncydvÛhfb icv¢N dj ˆmb háck¶ ²¿fisb jcØfshfL jvsk ifsv, sjfbW ncydvÛhkD mdrtf dj ˆmb hfáhDv zbcnáfb bf j'sv


uDhb zdkhfdrk jvsk ifsv? ydvÛhfb mcndtm ydvÛhfb mcndtsmv nfsK dtïfrD ëfkxk¶ jfsqm jsv ˆhQ

ydvÛhkD ncwDtf ydvÛhkD ncwDtfv nfsK dtïfrD shfb drnfsh dbhGfyb j'sv Kfsj. zfv ˆƒ n©ijG hufq vfJfv ubA kfvf zfsifsn dpqfvk j'sv Kfsj.

ˆƒ dpqfvsk dosq kfvf ncJ-lc}sJv jKf hst. mrfb zfïfrv iawQnf W jxkÎkfv jKf hst. ˆsj zivsj nlcislw lfb jsv. äDsbv hAfifsv iv±iv nrspfdokfv jKf hst. iv±isvv lcvh²¿fq nfrfpA-nrspfdokf jsv. svfso-lc}sJ-swfsj iv±ivsj nf§À¶bf slq. n{isK iadkdôk Kfjfv hAfifsv zKhf nfQnfdvj sjfb ncdhLf-zncdhLfv

hAfifsv wtfivfmwG jsv. ƒkAfdl. dtïfrD ˆƒ dpqfvskv mfrfk¹A vsqsY ƒntfsm. zfhC ƒlaDn JfWtfbD (v}) hstb, zfdm dlmfwXsjv mndusl iashw j'sv ˆj

pchjsj slJsk sitfm, k]fv nfmsbv lf]kÈdt Jchƒ yjysj ˆhQ k]fv nsÌ djYc stfjW (hsn) vsqsY. pJb kfvf sjfb dhNsq mksHl jvsY, kJb (dnÝfs§Àv ubA) k]fv dlsj v¢uc jvsY ˆhQ k]fv mk oarB jvsY. nckvfQ zfdm k]fv n©isjG duÎfnf jvtfm (sp, ƒdb sj)? (zfmfsj) htf rt sp, `ƒdb mczfp dhb ufhft.' zk}iv zfofmD jft zfdm zfsoHfsoƒ mndusl sotfm. dj§Â slJtfm snƒ (pchjde) zfmfv zfsoƒ si]ZsY sosYb ˆhQ k]fsj bfmfpvk zh²¿fq sitfm. nckvfQ k]fv bfmfp swN rWqf ipG§À zfdm zsi[f jvtfm. zk}iv zfdm kf]v nfmsb ˆsn kf]sj nftfm dltfm. kfviv httfm, `zfïfrv jnm! zfdm zfibfsj zfïfrv Wqfs²À Hfthfdn.' dkdb htstb, `zfïfrv jnm?' zfdm httfm, `zfïfrv jnm.' icbvfq dkdb htstb, `zfïfrv jnm?' zfdm httfm, `zfïfrv jnm.' zk}iv dkdb zfmfv yflsvv zf]yt Lsv zfmfsj k]fv dlsj efbstb, kfviv htstb, `ncnQhfl bfW.' jfvB, zfdm vfnCtcïfr �-sj htsk ðsbdY,

�))��F��7�7/��7�8;>�8�727#»��<��:�8p>b�7�?"�727،�و7א�@b�7��>��7S7<��وFd�:7x7�ل�7אp>b�7%&9��8p،�و7א�@7v7אو9�8p>b�7�>�>و7א�@7�7�ذ.((� �

`zfïfr kfzftf hstsYb, ªzfmfv n§Âdó tfsHv ubA pfvf iv±isvv msLA mrêk vfsJ, ˆsj zisvv nsÌ hsn, ˆsj zisvv nfsK nf[f{ jsv ˆhQ ˆsj zisvv ubA Jvy jsv, kfslv ubA zfmfv mrêk W Hfthfnf Wqfsuh


rsq pfq.« (zfrmfl 22030, mczÙf 1779, k¶fhfvfbD, rfsjm, nrDùt ufsm' 4331 bQ) mrfb iadkiftsjv n§Âdó tfsHv …sÜswA jf…sj Hfstfhfnst ˆhQ sn jKf

kfsj ufbfst zfïfrv Hfstfhfnfv lczf ifWqf pfq. zfbfn � hstb, ˆj hAdÙÁ bhD �-ˆv dbje (hsn) dYt. zk}iv ˆj

hAdÙÁ k]fv ifw dlsq zdkÛÁm jvt. (sp hsndYt) sn htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! db}ns¦lsr zfdm ˆsj Hfthfdn.' (ˆ jKf ðsb) bhD � kfsj htstb, ªkcdm dj (ˆ jKf) kfsj ufdbsqY?« sn htt, `bf.' dkdb htstb, ªkfsj ufdbsq lfW.« nckvfQ sn (la¢k) kfv diYsb dosq (kfsj) htt, `zfdm zfïfrv Wqfs²À skfmfsj Hfthfdn.' sn htt, `p]fv Wqfs²À kcdm zfmfsj Hfthfsnf, dkdb skfmfsj Hfthfncb.' (zfhC lf…l 5127bQ)

r]Af, zfïfrv …sÜswA jf…sj Hfstfhfnst zfïfrv Hfstfhfnf tfH rq. jsmGv zbcv™i ˆmb ncIt tfH jsv ydvÛhfsbvf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��8�F�Fb�،��CF�7#�>1>7x7�<�7#��F�7��F��7�7/��>�7�73אAFb�،�i7�<G@$�M7&�Fd��:1F��7GF$�7�$ن�8�x7:��ز7א Fd�،�>1�ل��7F�7��7/$�:��7ل�Fd�7/:�&�:�؟�%<&$�:��>M7&�FRא��>�>Xf��p��G$�:�&� �Fd�:��>1�ل��7.�$@F�7��F}�F��<�7f��:�7/�M7� 1<�؟�Fd�ل#��7<%>��<�>F�7��7._"�:��7ل��Fd�،��F��7�7/�� >��p?�$�7$+>��7>:1:��אF|�،�e�:��:�7:�'ل��p?�,�b

�>1 >b�:17<�7�<+$��7�Fu�F}8�7+F$�<�Fd�F� >{A7"�Fن�8אF�)��)).א �ªˆj hAdÙÁ zbA sjfb oafsm kfv Hfƒsqv nfsK nf[f{ jvfv ubA shv rt.

zfïfr kfzftf kfv vf²Àfq ˆj dIdvñfsj hdnsq dlstb, dkdb kfv zsi[f jvsk Kfjstb. pJb sn kf]v jfsY si]ZYt, kJb dkdb kfsj htstb, `kcdm sjfKfq pf¤Y?' sn htt, `ˆ stfjftsq zfmfv ˆj Hfƒ zfsY, zfdm kfv jfsY pfd¤Y.' dIdvñf dusÎn jvstb, `skfmfv iadk dj kfv sjfb zbcoar vsqsY, pfv dhdbmq slWqfv ubA kcdm pf¤Y?' sn htt, `bf, zfdm kfv dbje sjhtmfÛ ˆƒ ubA pfd¤Y sp, zfdm kfsj zfïfrv Wqfs²À Hfthfdn.' dIdvñf htstb, `(kfrst swfsbf) zfdm skfmfv dbje zfïfrv lCk drnfsh (ˆ jKf ufbfhfv ubA) ˆsndY sp, zfïfr kfzftf skfmfsj Hfthfsnb; spmb kcdm kfsj zfïfrv ubA Hfthfn.« (mcndtm 6714bQ)

ˆmb Hfstfhfnfv Ist zfsifsnv dpqfvk-pfÛfq dIdvwXkfv lczf tfH rq. ˆmb hácsk¶v nf[f{ rt ncJmq, ˆmb ëfkxsk¶v idvBfsm nf[fskv …sÜswA ytfv iK rt shsrwXskv iK. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

7#�7�>��FJ�7،��:��#:!7�د��#7%>��7�دF$��^&9�7#�7و>�ز7א�1F��G$�7:��א�<�،��7�د7א�:��((��Fh7�7،�و;<�>h�<نA>"�e9v<!7#�>M8!F#�7<�7%א�W$8'7�7/7و.((� �


ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb svfoDsj nf[f{ jsv duÎfnfhfl jsv zKhf kfv sjfb dtïfrD Hfƒsj nf[f{ jsv, sn hAdÙÁsj ˆj (ofqhD) zfrhfbjfvD zfrhfb j'sv hst, `ncJD rW kcdm, ncJjv srfj skfmfv ‰ pfÛf (nf[fskv ubA pfWqf). zfv skfmfv ²¿fb srfj ufâfskv iafnfsl.« (dkvdmpD 2008bQ)

ˆvƒ dhivDk iahfsr sHsh slJsk ifsvb lcÇydvÛ pchj-pchkD siadmj-siadmjfslv jKf, pfslv Hfstfhfnf zfïfrv Wqfs²À bq. pfslv Hfstfhfnf rq dhivDkmcJD, pchj-pchkDv mfsU zShL Hfstfhfnf, spZhsbv …¦mflbf, v™imcÊkf zKhf zKGstfH kfslv Hfstfhfnfv jfvB rq. kfvf zShLHfsh smtfdmwf jsv, tcsjfycdv j'sv slJf-nf[f{ jsv zKhf dbtGÏ rsq iajfswA sjfb ifjG, hbHCdm hf nmcû-³njsk dmdtk rq. kfvf yfq kfslv ydvÛ pfj, dj§Â Hfstfhfnf zdbhGfb srfj. kfslv Hfstfhfnf rq dbsuslv msbv sJqftJcwDsj dhuqmftA lfb jvfv ubA. nckvfQ dLjX kfslvsj wk dLjX!

smrmfsbv n©mfb jvf

smrmfsbv mfb-n©mfb W Jfdkv jvf n¤ydvÛ mfbcsNv zfyvB. hvsB W zfiAfqsb jKfq W zfyvsB sp smrmfsbv n©mfb hufq vfsJ, sn dbÇyqƒ ydvÛhfb stfj. pKfnfLA Kfjf W JfWqfv nchs¦lfh²À sp jsv, sn zhwAƒ ncydvsÛv zdLjfvD.

nhsysq hV ydvÛhfb mfbcN zfk¹Dqkfv háb hufq vfJskb, nkA jKf htskb, (zisvv) shfUf hƒsq dlskb, smrmfsbv Jfdkv jvskb ˆhQ dhiloa²Àsj nfrfpA jvskb.' (hcJfvD 3, mcndtm 422bQ)

k]fv iCshG mcndtm ufdkv dikf ƒhafrDm �-ˆv smrmfsbv Jfdkv jvfv jKf jcvzfsb …sïJ rsqsY nCvf rCslv 78 ˆhQ nCvf pfdvqfskv 24-27 zfqfsk.

smrmfsbv Jfdkv jvf iaskAj mcndtsmv jfu. iaskAj mcndtsmv …dyk, ˆ jfsu zbciafdBk rsq ydvÛhfb rWqf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�<�و7א� 7'>م�9א((��>"�:%>#<o:&�7ن�Fu�<%7#�:17/7v>��7x�:1Fy< 7s�<9م�C: �Fb�9�>G�.((� �ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfr W swN dlsbv iadk „mfb vfsJ, sn spb zhwAƒ smrmfsbv

ifdvskfdNjnr kfv n©mfb jsv.« stfsjvf htt, `kfv ifdvskfdNj jD? sr zfïfrv vnCt!' dkdb htstb,

�))8&$�@M7�F�7��@MFb�7 ? >�F:1:�،�و7א�F�77�73�7&7'>#:1:�و':.Fb�F}>�7�7ذ�7א��Fu��7�ن�7و7Fb�،1<��م�< F�7��mMFd.((� �ªˆjdlb W ˆjvfk (…ÙmHfsh ifbfrfsvv hAh²¿f jvf). zfv nfLfvBk}

smrmfsbv Jfdkv dkb dlb ipG§À. (zk}iv sö¤Yfq kfv yst pfWqf …dyk).


dkbdlsbv zdkdvÙÁ rsh smphfsbv ubA nfljfr öv™i.« (hcJfvD 6019, 6135, mcndtm 4611-4612bQ)

smrmfsbv nfsK nc¦lv zfyvB ialwGb jvsk ifvst kfv mb uq jvf pfq. rfdnmcsJ hvB j'sv nfLAmskf kfv zfiAfqb jvst sn jxkÎkf ifsw zfhÝ rsq pfq. i[f§Àsv ˆv dhivDk jvst sn lCsv nsv pfq.

t[BDq sp, hkGmfsb hù nQoEb lfWqfskv mqlfsb jfu jvsY. dj§Â mfbcN snƒ nQoEsbv iadk shdw zfjxó rs¤Y, pfv nlnAoB ncydvsÛv W zmfdqj hAhrfsvv zdLjfvD. pfslv sjfb zdIsn zKhf jfsvf hfnfq sost nc¦lvHfsh zfiAfqb jsv. zKy nrDr zfjDlfv sjfb zdIn hf nlsnAv hfdVsk pfb, snJfsb skmb zfoar t[A jvshb bf---ƒïf mf wfzfïfr. iv§Â lfWqfskv mqlfsb ˆƒ swaBDv n¤ydvÛkf ialwGb Jch shdw ItianC.

pdl hstb, `jfsvf sn zfiAfqsbv nfmKGA bf Kfjst jD jvsk ifsv?' kfrst hth, `zflsvv sHfub, jD jsv hAÓb?' nfLAmskf sHfub dlsq zflv ialwGb jvstW It m¦l rq bf.

smrmfb-sbWqfpD ncydvsÛv zbAkm t[B. zbcv™i nmq W zh²¿f sJqft j'sv zisvv smrmfb rWqf ˆhQ ziasqfusb kfv shfUf bf rWqfW ncydvÛhfb mfbcsNv jkGhA.

zfk¹Dqkfv háb hufq vfJf

ydvÛhfb mfbcsNv ˆjde mr{ ÈB, sn Îfdkháb z[cB´ vfsJ. spHfsh nfLA sn háb-vÏcsj dYâ rsk slq bf. spsrkc mrfb iadkiftsjv dbslGw rt,

7 >~��و7"<��'7א�<�7&>%�9(9+>�7��وX>"7<��אR�@�>"��7و7א� 77�#��7و7א��u�7�7<��9و7א�>�:�:وא{a�>1>"א�'@u9�<�:/�e7و�F��א<-@C:��7�<&F$�<;FCF�7#��7#7�9و� ��9אS�:!:�<�و7א��7S��>"�>�>+�8!>�<�و7א">�9%א��8<�7S��7و7א"<�@R��9ذ<��א��7S�و7א{� �

zKGf{, skfmvf zfïfrv …ifnbf jv W sjfb djYcsj kf]v zQwD jsvf bf ˆhQ dikf-mfkf, zfk¹Dq-öub, dikxrDb, zHfhoa²À, zfk¹Dq W zbfk¹Dq iadkshwD, nÌD-nfKD, iKyfvD ˆhQ skfmfslv zdLjfvHcÙÁ lfn-lfnDslv iadk näAhrfv jv. (nCvf dbnf 36 zfqfk)

dkdb zfsvf hstb, }7/��>XKא��F��>+7�م��و7א/R8@'א�אF@'ن�7"<1<�و7א��[�}�7��١:�א�!��[� �zKGf{, snƒ zfïfrsj Hq jv, pfv bfsm skfmvf ˆsj zisvv dbje pfÍf

jv ˆhQ Îfdk-háb dYâ jvfsj Hq jv. (nCvf dbnf 1 zfqfk) pfvf k]fv sn dbslGw tQOb jsv, kfslv idvBfm nìsá dkdb hstsYb,


}��>�:'ن7��7.>��7א @R<!7&�7%&>XKون��7و7א�:�>��y:&7ن>�&:'�7��73وF$�>1>"�@� =d�7<1<�و�FlR7&7:'ن�7�7#F$��7#�7א>#�>�<�7"�<%>#�9��>ض�9$@و�F��F}>~F.:-:�א��M7!<�K@�وF�7.:->��:'�:�א��8אFא��p>b{�]٢٥:�א��[�

zKGf{, pfvf zfïfrv nfsK lxP zÌDjfsv zfhÝ rWqfv iv kf HÌ jsv, sp n©ijG z[cB vfJsk zfïfr zfslw jsvsYb kf dYâ jsv ˆhQ ixdKhDsk zwfd§À nxdó jsv shVfq, kfslv ubA zfsY zdHn©ifk ˆhQ kfslv ubA zfsY m¦l zfhfn. (nCvf vf'l 25 zfqfk)

sp hAdÙÁ zfk¹Dqkfv n©ijG dYâ jsv, mrfb zfïfr kfv nfsK n©ijG dYâ jsvb. ˆ jKfv dhhvB dlsq mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))�F�7X�7fא��FR7#�م:��:��/�7kF�7G��F��7�7א��7k�F+��87(9ذ7א�7�FbغFd�<-:.<!�>#�7��7#;<�א��F��FRFb�،:->+8;>��(ن�8א �Fd�،�>M�ل��7>lFR�7%א�>#�F}>"�>X>��7�7$ن>�$3<��7#�7%>�و��737:�א��%< �7s<�7/��7#$�،�<-�7�7��<%�7#�7]�Fld$7و�،�>}F�

>}7�FlFd��<;F��Fdل��7:�؟��Fd�،��F�7"�:�>}F��F}>�7XFb��:وא�(ن>�Fd�8-:��،��))�:��<-`<~�>a�ل�7��7:'ل�א 7��dא�:}��@��>+C7#�7@->�$@و��F}>~Fא��7�F��7%&>X�K!7.:-:�אF$א�':�NlFR:/7ض�9و<�Fא��p>bوא�:�>�y:/�<نF$�<-:< K�7'7/�<9ن)�<-:< 7�7��<�7.Fb73FAFb<-:f7��7�<"F$��7�<�F$78.:->�و�{�]�� :�٢٣−�٢٢�[�\kFy8:#>1 F�7��

��M&وא��.))،�و�FlFd�،�>}7�FlFd�<%7#7>:1:،�و737�:1:#7%>�وFRFb�))�:>}F�737�ل�7א��/�F��7�7:�و�� ªzfïfr njt djYcsj nxdó jvstb. zk}iv pJb dkdb nxdó jfu swN

jvstb, kJb zfk¹Dqkfv n©ijG …sE htt, `(zfmfv ˆƒ l×fqmfb rWqfef) zfibfv dbje dhd¤Yâkf sKsj zfwaqiafKDGv l×fqmfb rWqf.' dkdb (zfïfr) htstb, `rA]f kcdm dj ˆsk n§ÂÂó bW sp, skfmfv nfsK sp ncn©ijG vfJsh, zfdmW kfv nfsK ncn©ijG vfJh. zfv sp skfmfv sKsj n©ijG dYâ jvsh, zfdmW kfv nfsK n©ijG dYâ jvh.' sn (vÙÁ n©ijG) htt, `zhwAƒ.' zfïfr htstb, `kfrst ˆ mpGflf skfmfsj slWqf rt.« zk}iv vfnCtcïfr � htstb, ªskfmvf yfƒst (ˆ zfqfkde) isV bfW; `[mkfq zdLdôk rst nýhk} skfmvf ixdKhDsk dhipGq nxdó jvsh ˆhQ skfmfslv zfk¹Dqkfv háb dYâ jvsh. Wvf skf kfvf, pfslvsj zfïfr zdHwå j'sv hdLv W lxdówdÙÁrDb jsvb.« (nCvf mcrf©mfl 22-23 zfqfk) (hcJfvD 4830, 5987, 7502, mcndtm 6682bQ) hcJfvDv 5988bQ zbA hBGbfq dHâ wè hdBGk rsqsY.

�)).17�FlFd�،�p>!7�FlFd�<%7#:�א�@#7%>�و�p>!F�737،�و1F�737:�א�@�،�و�mMFRK�7�:#��:7"<��7>شR7/�9@'ل:א��8+<-:(( �ªÎfdkháb zfvsw Uct§À zfsY ˆhQ sn htsY, `sp zfmfsj zdhd¤Yâ

vfJsh, zfïfr k]fv n©ijG kfv nfsK zdhd¤Yâ vfJshb. zfv sp zfmfsj dhd¤Yâ jvsh, zfïfr k]fv n©ijG kfv nfsK dhd¤Yâ jvshb.« (hcJfvD 5989,


mcndtm 6683bQ, wèfhtD mcndtsmv) ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢N ufsb, Îfdkháb hufq vfJf zfïfrv dbje diaq jfu

ˆhQ kf dYâ jvf k]fv dbje OxBA jfu. JfNzfm sofsÛv ˆj hAdÙÁ hstb, ˆjlf zfdm bhD �-ˆv jfsY ˆtfm. kJb dkdb k]fv djYc nÌDv nfsK dYstb. zfdm httfm, `zfidbƒ dj msb jsvb, zfidb vfnCtcïfr?' dkdb htstb, ªr]Af.« zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! sjfbX zfmt zfïfrv dbje nhsysq diaq?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªzfïfrv iadk „mfb zfbf.« zfdm httfm,�`sr zfïfrv vnCt! kfviv jD?' dkdb htstb, ªkfviv zfk¹Dqkfv háb hufq vfJf.' zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! kfviv jD?' dkdb htstb, ªkfviv Hfstf jfsuv zfslw W m¦l jfsu hfLf lfb jvf.«

zfdm httfm,�`sr zfïfrv vnCt! sjfbX zfmt zfïfrv dbje nhsysq OxBA?' dkdb htstb, ªzfïfrv nsÌ dwjG jvf.« zfdm httfm,�`sr zfïfrv vnCt! kfviv jD?' dkdb htstb, ªkfviv zfk¹Dqkfv háb dYâ jvf.« zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! kfviv jD?' dkdb htstb, ªkfviv m¦l jfsuv zfslw W Hfstf jfsu hfLf lfb jvf.« (zfhC qAf'tf 4839, n} kfvoDh 2522bQ)�

ydvÛhfb mc'dmb rq, zfv „mfsbv zbAkm lfhD rt zfk¹Dqkfv háb hrft vfJf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��9��>G�7'م�9א� �<�و7א��"�:%>#<o�:&�7ن�Fu�<%7#71:،�وFy< 7s�<9م�C: �Fb�9�>G7'م�9א� �<�و7א��"�:%>#<o:&�7ن�Fu�<%7#>��>"�:%>#<o:&�7ن�Fu�<%7#717:�،�و�>+7��<�>�7 �Fb�<;:�<�7 7 >�א�$Fو>��<G�<�@R7 �Fb�9�>G7'م�9א� �)).�و7א� �


zfk¹Dq pdl zfk¹Dqkf hufq bf vfJsk yfq, sn s[sÛW ydvÛhfb zbcv™i zfyvB jsv bf. hvQ sn s[sÛW snƒ hábsj sn dYâ rsk bf dlsq dbsuv jkGhA iftb j'sv pfq. zfv kfv ˆ jdEb jfsuv ubA mrfb zfïfrv i[ sKsj nfrfpAiafå rq. zfhC ùvfƒvf � sKsj hdBGk, ˆj hAdÙÁ htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfv djYc zfk¹Dq zfsY, zfdm kfslv nfsK zfk¹Dqkf hufq vfdJ, zfv kfvf dYâ jsv. zfdm kfslv nfsK näAhrfv jdv, zfv kfvf zfmfv nfsK lchGAhrfv jsv. kfvf jó dlst zfdm nrA jdv, zfv kfvf zfmfv nfsK mCsJGv zfyvB jsv.' dkdb htstb,



ªpdl kf-ƒ rq, kfrst kcdm spb kfslv mcsJ ovm Yfƒ dbs[i jvY (zKGf{, ˆ jfsu kfvf sofbfrofv rq.) ˆhQ skfmfv nfsK zfïfrv i[ sKsj kfslv dhv¢sÝ nfrfpAjfvD Kfjsh; pk[B ipG§À kcdm ˆv …iv zbV Kfjsh.« (mcndtm 6689bQ)

zfnstƒ Hfstfv dhdbmsq Hfstf iafq njstƒ jsv. dj§Â ms¦lv dhdbmsq Hfstf jvsk njst ifsv bf. sp ifsv snƒ Hfstf stfj, snƒ mrfb ydvÛhfb. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��7.F�7371:�و:�>+7��<;7�FlFd9ذ7א�)��>XK�8%א�'7א3<��7א�>C�7و�،�¾>b�FC@��>"�:�>3�7א�'7אT< F�.((� �ªsnƒ hAdÙÁ n©ijG hufqjfvD bq, sp n©ijG hufq jvfv dhdbmsq hufq

jsv. hvQ iajxk n©ijG hufqjfvD rt snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp sj… kfv nfsK n©ijG dYâ jvst sn kf jfsqm jsv.« (hcJfvD 5991bQ)

ˆ hAifsv wvDqskv dbslGw rt, ))<�>3�<%7#�F}7�FlFd�>�<�F$77%>�و#�F}7#7�7+�:�<8%>�و7א��7��F}7�F�F¬.((� �

ªskfmfv nsÌ sp zfk¹Dqkf dYâ jsvsY, kcdm kfv nfsK kf hufq jv, skfmfsj sp hdÑk jsvsY, kcdm kfsj ialfb jv ˆhQ sp skfmfv iadk zbAfqfyvB jsvsY, kcdm kfsj [mf j'sv lfW.« (zfrmfl 17452, rfsjm 7285, k¶fhfvfbD 14258, hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb 8079, dn} nrDrfr 891bQ)

))<�>3�<%7#�F}7�FlFd�<%>�<+F$7و��F�)�<%7#�7��7�F$�F}< F�)�9�@d7�8وkF�א�<'F�7و��F�7��F}>�y7�.((� �ªkcdm kfv nfsK ncn©ijG ucsV yt sp skfmfv nfsK kf bó jvsk yfq, kfv

iadk näAhrfv jv sp skfmfv nfsK lchGAhrfv jsv ˆhQ rj jKf ht; pdlW kf dbsuv dhv¢sÝ rq.« (ƒhsb bfÏfv, nrDùt ufsm 3769bQ)

zfk¹Dqkfv háb hufq vfJfv …ijfdvkf dhwft. mrfbhD � hstsYb, )):1F��FA�<!:&1<�،�و>d<9ز��p>b�:1F��F�7�<�:&�<17:#7%�$+�8�7$ن�>+7��<�>�7 �Fb�،>�9�7�$�p>b�.((� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ yfq sp, kfv v¢pD (uDdhjf) iaw²À srfj ˆhQ zfqc hxdÝ srfj, sn spb kfv zfk¹Dqkfv n©ijG z[cB´ vfsJ.« (hcJfvD 2067, 5986, mcndtm 6687-6688bQ)

))@MF�>3�9->+8�9و7+:�>%:�א��k@�@�9و7+:�>%:�א��p>b�9و9v7&7د>ن�7&7��7א��?�&:�7�?�>ن�7אS�<'7א�7�<�Fא�.((� �ªzfk¹Dqkfv háb hufq vfJf, nc¦lv ydvÛ zhtìb jvf ˆhQ iadkshwDv nfsK

näAhrfv vfJfq slw zfhfl Kfsj ˆhQ zfqc hxdÝ ifq.« (zfrmfl 25259,


hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb 7969, nrDùt ufsm 3767bQ) ))@MFd7�73�?�?א��:��>yl:/�7�7 F|�8א��?��،�@MF�>379&�:�א��8+<-�9وv7/�p>b�9�:��&�p>R7א��F>�:و�<�وb7<�>�:�،�א��:�)).א��_'�<�7�7#��9ع7 �

ªsofisb lfb iadkiftsjv sÛÁfL lCvDHCk jsv, Îfdk-háb z[câ vfsJ, zfqc hxdÝ jsv. zfv icBAjmG nhGiajfv jcmvB sKsj v[f jsv.« (hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb 3442, nrDùt ufsm 3760 bQ)

))@MF�>3�>M7"7א�FR�א�m7#=>�7א��p>b�،97�ل��)).א��m�FA7�<!7#�p>b�9�7xFא��mM8�727#�p>b�،9�<fFא� �ªzfk¹Dqkfv ncn©ijG hufq vfJfsk n©il hxdÝ rq, idvusbv msLA

n©iaDdk Kfsj ˆhQ zfqc°jft shsV pfq.« (k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv 1721, zfWnfk¶ 7810, nrDùt ufsm 3768bQ)

jDHfsh Îfdkháb hufq vfJshb? zfnf-pfWqf hufq svsJ, dhdHâ …its[A lfWqfk dlsq, dhil-zfil W

bfbf iasqfusb nfrfpA-nrspfdokf j'sv Îfdkháb hufq vfJf pfq. kfW pdl sj… bf ifsv, kfrst mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))."��م�و�'�$�+�#C-�"�'א(( �ªskfmvf skfmfslv zfk¹Dqkfv n©ijG zfûG vfJ; pdlW kf nftfm dlsq

rq.« (hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb 7972-7973, nrDùt ufsm' 2838bQ) zfibfv lfb jvfv djYc Kfjst zfk¹Dqsj lfb jv¢b. jfvB kfsk vsqsY

Fht nWqfh. mrfbhD � hstsYb, �)).��mMFd7و73�mMF�>37:�א��F�7��@MFd7�8א�<��mMd7�73�9�C،�و��F�7ذ<��א��8+<-��9<!>7�ن�9((� �

ª---dmnjDbsj nfljfr jvst nfljfr (jvfv nWqfh) rq. zfv zfk¹Dqsj nfljfr jvst lc'de nWqfh rq } nfljfr jvfv W zfk¹Dqkfv háb hufq vfJfv.« (dkvdmpD 658bQ)

zhwA ydvÛhfb ufsb, jfv nfsK sn n©ijG vfJf pfsh ˆhQ jfv nfsK jJb kf dYâ jvsk rsh. sn ufsb zfk¹Dqkfv háb zsi[f „mfsbv háb shdw muhck. „mfsbv …iv zfk¹Dqkfv sjfb iafLfbA sbƒ. „mfbrDb zfk¹Dqkfsk zf§Àdvjkf sbƒ. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��\-�>+7��<-�:.F��<%>CF�7�7،�و�!>#<o@א��:B>��737و�@�8�9�7��و�7< ?�7pא)�،�p>��7 >�:'א�"<Aو�<Fن��F�@b�p>"F$ن4�8ل�)��7.>�F��>"��7.£�:"$.((� �

ªzmcj sofsÛv stfsjvf (pfvf zfmfv iadk „mfb zfsbdb kfvf) zfmfv hác bq. zfmfv hác skf zfïfr ˆhQ sbj mc'dmboB. dj§Â Wslv nfsK zfmfv


vsÙÁv n©ijG vsqsY, zfdm (lcdbqfsk) zhwAƒ kf zfûG vfJh.« (hcJfvD 5990, mcndtm 541, wè hcJfvDv)

zfk¹Dqv hácv nfsKW n©ijG hufq vfJf ˆj iajfv n¤ydvÛkf. `bhD � pJb hjvD phfƒ jvskb, kJb htskb, ªJflDufv hfáhDslv dbje ˆƒ mfQn ifdEsq lfW.« (hcJfvD 3818, mcndtm 6430bQ)

zfk¹Dqkfv háb sYlb jvfv wfd²À zfsJvfskv zfso lcdbqfskW ifWqf pfq. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

7�:��ذ�7>�#<%>�7#�«��<xF$�<نF$�7�?S7�:&�:1Kא��F��7�7/�>1>�>+�7�>��FM7"'@R:��א��>b��7 ��G8�7&�:1F<�:�7#��7#[�7−�א��_�>�>b�>�7�>G#�9<=>�:�−�א��<r7��א�>M7� >lFd7א��8+<-�9و«�.� �

ªpctcmhfuD W (vsÙÁv) zfk¹Dqkf dYâ jvf YfVf ˆmb …ipcÙÁ zfv sjfb ififyfv sbƒ pfv wfd²À ififyfvDv ubA lcdbqfskƒ zfïfr zdhtsì ialfb jsv Kfsjb ˆhQ snƒ nfsK zfsJvfskv ubAW umf jsv vfsJb.« (zfrmfl 20374, 20399, hcJfvDv zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 29, zfhC lf…l 4904, dkvdmpD 2511, ƒhsb mfufr 4211bQ, rfsjm 3359, ƒhsb drêfb 455, nrDùt ufsm' 5704bQ)

�»7T< F��7a\�<��7] >h@$�:1K1<�א�� >b�7�7S<�F$��"7'7א��<%>#�>MF�>3�9->+8�7א��T< F�7\��و��7>a��7��7S<�F$��"�FR>��7%�>#�9�<r7��א�>M7� >lFd7�9א��8+<-�9و�>�7 �.�»"dF�7<[�7א��?&7��7�7/�7ع:�אx�Fy�<��7<�و7א� �

ªzfïfrv zfbcokA jvf rq ˆmb zfmstv msLA nhsysq shwD kfVfkfdV sp zfmstv nWqfh ifWqf pfq, kf rt zfk¹Dqkfv háb hufq vfJf. zfv sp hl zfmstv wfd²À nk¶v slWqf rq, kf rt dhsûfr, zfk¹Dqkfv háb sYlb jvf ˆhQ dmKAf jnm JfWqf, pf slw-mfdesj mv¢mq j'sv skfst.« (hfƒrfjD 20364, nrDùt ufsm 5391bQ)

zfk¹Dqkfv háb sYlbjfvDv ²¿fb rsh ufrfâfsm. mrfbhD � hstsYb, �))�\]>h�Fd�FM8!Fא��:�:G<�7&�Fe.((� �

ªzfk¹Dqkfv dYâjfvD ufâfsk iashw jvsk ifvsh bf.« (hcJfvD 5984, mcndtm 6684-6685bQ, dkvdmpD)

zfk¹Dqkfv háb hufqjfvD ufâfk tfsH LbA rsh. zfhC zfƒqCh zfbnfvD � jkxGj hdBGk, ˆj hAdÙÁ htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb zfmfsj ˆmb zfmt hst dlb, pf zfmfsj ufâfsk dbsq pfsh ˆhQ ufrfâfm sKsj lCsv vfJsh.' bhD � htstb,

-:�א��F��8،�و/:�p>/oא��F��Fu8v،�و/�7<�:�א��8+-�7((�>R:/7و�،��~ 7a�>1>"�@J9�<�:/�Fe7و�،��))./�7>�:�:�א �ªkcdm zfïfrv ƒhflk jvsh, kfv nfsK jf…sj zQwDlfv jvsh bf, bfmfp


iadkôf jvsh, pfjfk slsh ˆhQ vÙÁ n©ijG hufq vfJsh.« (hcJfvD 1396, 5983, wèfhtD mcndtsmv 115bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, �:'א�א�7�Kl�م�7،�و37<�@'א�א��>+�7�م�7،�و£��737'א�وא�!�8�س:��((>�h$7م�7،�وF�8א�א��':�bF$�،�:7��$&_.7��א�!8�س&

8!Fא�א�'@�:G<�7/�،�\7�م �)).F�7�>"�FMم�< �ªsr stfj njt! skfmvf nftfm iayfv jv, ([cLfkGsj) zâlfb jv,

zfk¹Dqkfv háb zece vfJ ˆhQ stfsj pJb (vfsk) Ocdmsq Kfsj, kJb skfmvf bfmfp iV. kfrst skfmvf dbvfisl W dbdhGsO ufâfsk iashw jvsh.« (dkvdmpD 2485, ƒhsb mfufr 1334, 3251, rfsjm 4283, nrDr kfvoDh 610bQ)

nckvfQ ˆmb jfu dj ydvÛhfsbv bf rq?�

msbv nc²¿kf djqfmskv dhHDdNjfmq mqlfb. ufâfk-ufrfâfsmv zdbÇyqkf dbsq njt

mfbcN dyd§Àk. snJfsb nfrfpAjfvD sj… sbƒ; bf öub-hác, bf zKG-n©il. sj… jfsvf …ijfv jvsh bf. zhwA …ijfvD rsh mfbcsNv nc²¿ z§Àv.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }- >�7��FR>"�71K��7א��/F$�<%7#�Ke)�77!:'ن"�e77�ل\�و#�:]Fy<!7&�e�77'>م&{� �

ªspdlb Lb-n©il W n§Àfb-n§Àdk sjfb jfsu zfnsh bf; sndlb …ijxk rsh sjht snƒ; sp zfïfrv dbje nc²¿ z§À}jvB dbsq …id²¿k rsh.« (ðzf'vf } 88-89)

nc²¿ mb } sp mb njt iajfv ifi-idËtkf W znlfyvB; spmb drQnf, ivwaDjfkvkf, dhsäN, jcLfvBf ƒkAfdl sKsj idv¤Yâ.

nc²¿ mb } pfsk sjfb iajfv ˆmb iahxdÙ sbƒ, pf mrfb iadkiftsjv zfslw W dbsNsLv dhsvfdLkf jsv. sjfb iajfv ˆmb ns¦lr sbƒ, pf k]fv hfBDsj zdhw¶fn jsv.

nc²¿ mb } sp mb mfbcsNv mÌt jfmbf jsv. sp mb isvv ðHfjf£[D rq. ˆƒ msbv mfbcNƒ djqfmsk nrD-nftfmsk zh²¿fb jvsh. ˆ msbv mfbcNƒ

ufâfskv zdLjfvD rsh. ncdIqfb dhb lDbfv hstb, zfdm zftDv zbAkm dwNA zfhC hfwDvsj

httfm, `zfmfslv iChGhkGDslv zfmt nìsá zfmfsj djYc htcb.' dkdb htstb, `k]fvf nfmfbA zfmt jvskb, dj§Â znfmfbA nWqfh zuGb jvskb.' zfdm httfm, `kf jD jfvsB?' dkdb htstb, `k]fslv h[²¿t nc²¿


Kfjfv jfvsB?' zfhC lcufbf � znc²¿ dYstb. k]fv mcJmàt y]fslv mskf rfsnAfÏ¶t dYt.

k]fsj htf rt, `jD jfvsB zfibfv syrfvf y]fslv mskf ˆk Utmt jvsY?' dkdb htstb, `zfmfv dbje lcde zfmt zsi[f zbA djYc dbHGvspfoA sbƒ;

iaKm ˆƒ sp, zfdm sn dhNsq mcJ Jctkfm bf, sp dhNq zfmfv nfsK n©ixÙÁ bq. zfv däkDq ˆƒ sp, mcndtmslv ubA zfmfv r™lq idv°jfv dYt.'

jfsnm uCqD (vfdrmfùïfr) hstsYb, `äDsbv smZdtj dhNq rt nQpm. nhGswaô ƒhflk rt vfdÛ ufovB jvf ˆhQ shsrwXskv nhsysq nQd[å iK rt h[²¿tsj idv°jfv vfJf.'

ˆsk sjfb iajfv ns¦lr sbƒ sp, pfv mb ndkAjfsv idv°jfv, kfv ydvÛ nhfv yfƒsk swaô ˆhQ sn nh yfƒsk Hfstf stfj.

zfècïfr dhb zfmXv � hstb, ˆjlf mrfbhD �-sj duÎfnf jvf rt, `nhsysq swaô stfj sj?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb,

))_�@u�9م':�<�7#�>��FR�7�ن�9وق�739:�א�Nא��.((� �ªnhsysq swaô stfj rt snƒ, pfv r™lq rt idv°jfv ˆhQ duH rt

nkAhflD.« duÎfnf jvf rt, ìdv°jfv r™lsqv zKG jD?' htstb,

))7':f�_p>R8א��_p>R8!א��F��7-<�9)�>1 >b��F�7�7وp<r7"��F�7�8و�>|��F�7�7�7�7و+.((� �ªsp r™lq nQpmwDt, dbmGt, pfsk sjfb ifi sbƒ, zbAfq sbƒ, „NGf W

drQnf sbƒ.« duÎfnf jvf rt, `kfviv sj?' dkdb htstb, ªsp lcdbqfsj OxBf jsv ˆhQ

zfsJvfksj Hfstfhfsn.« duÎfnf jvf rt, `kfviv sj?' htstb, ªnc¦lv ydvsÛv mcdmb.« (ƒhsb

mfufr 4216, nrDùt ufsm 3291bQ) i[f§Àsv znc²¿ mb? sn mb isvv waD slsJ jfkv rq. zsbAv ‡dÝ-hxdÝ slsJ drQnf jsv. zsbAv zfq-…âdk slsJ L¶Qn-jfmbf jsv. zsbAv iadk zjfvsB dhsäN W OxBf sifNB jsv. zsbAv iawQnf ðsb kfv of-u¶ftf jsv. dbsu spmb L¶Qniafå, skmdb zbAsjW snƒ v™i rWqfv zfwf jsv. shwAf yfq, nfvf dhsw¶v mdrtfvf nhfƒ shwAf srfj. zfmfv hlbfm rsqsY,


skmdb nhfvƒ srfj. ˆmb msbv mfbcNvf dbÇyq ydvÛhfb bq, Hfstf stfj bq. pfvf ydvÛhfb, pfslv r™lq nflf W ö¤Y, pfslv msb sjfb jCe W sevfdm sbƒ,

kfvf iChGfiv sjfb mcndtsmv iadk kfslv msb sjfb iajfv zidv¤Yâkf vfsJ bf. zfv kfvf lczf j'sv hst,

�7"8!7��א|F��<�>y!7��وG9,>�7>'7א�<!7��א�7Z9,��>"��7�'@R7�7��7%&>XK�ن�9وX�K�N��>|��7!>"'@�@d�p>b�<�7�<S7/��F�7<&7#4�7%!:�'א��{: 7��F}8�9)��7!8"7�\- >+8��\��א��)��١٠(}و'��

`sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! zfmfslvsj ˆhQ dhw¶fsn zoaBD zfmfslv Hfƒslvsj [mf jv ˆhQ mcdmbslv dhv¢sÝ zfmfslv z§Àsv drQnf-dhsäN svsJf bf. sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! kcdm skf lqflaG, ivm lqftc.' (rfwXv } 10)

zfïfrv isK db¦lcsjv db¦lfsj …si[f

ydvÛhfb mcndtm bfvD-icv¢sNv ˆjde ÈB rt, kfvf zfïfrv isK sjfb db¦lcsjv db¦lfsj Hq jsv bf. k]fv äDb ufbsk, mfbsk W iayfv jvsk sjfb hfLflfbjfvDv hfLfsj isvfqf jsv bf. jfsIvslv vÙÁy[csj Hq j'sv zfïfrv äDb sKsj ³hmcJ rq bf. spsrkc mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw,

}�7&�_&F$�7.�7%&>XK�7>/7#4�%7#�8�7!:'א�א�&�<-@C!>#�%7��>1>!&>�7د�<'7�Fb�p>/A7&�:1م��א��<'�FR>"��<-:._��>2:&��:1�7�'_�>2:&7و��MK�>ذF$��F�7��7�>!>#<o:��<�-b��7�7&��FM�7#<'F��@'ن��7و�Fe7א��1<��7< �f�7S:&�p>b��9<�:ون�7א��8v>�F$��F�7��7%&9�>b�FC�א�F}>�7ذ�< Fb:��>11<�א�� >/<o:&�%7#��7�7&�:1و7א�<[\�و7א��\- >�7�{)�٥٤�(��א��' �

ªsr dhÇhfdnoB! skfmfslv msLA sj… LmG rsk dIsv sost zfïfr ˆmb ˆj n©ialfq zfbqb jvshb, pfslvsj dkdb Hfthfnshb W pfvf kf]sj Hfthfnsh, kfvf rsh dhÇhfnDslv iadk sjfmt W zdhÇhfnDslv iadk jsEfv. kfvf zfïfrv isK durfl jvsh ˆhQ sjfb db¦lcsjv db¦lfq Hq jvsh bf, ˆ zfïfrv zbcoar pfsj ƒ¤Yf dkdb lfb jsvb. h²Âk} zfïfr iafycpGmq, iaÎfmq.« (mfdqlfr } 54)

zfhC pfvG � hstsYb, `zfmfsj zfmfv hác nfkde jfsuv zdnqk jsv sosYb; (1) zfdm spb dmnjDbslvsj Hfstfhfdn ˆhQ kfslv dbjehkGD rƒ (hdn), (2) zfmfv sKsj pfvf dbm´mfsbv kfslv iadk t[A (jsv …islw hf nf§À¶bf oarB) jdv W zfmfv sKsj sp †sL¶G kfv iadk t[A bf jdv, (3) zfmfv iadk zbAfq jvf rstW zfdm zfk¹Dqkfv háb hufq vfdJ, (4) shwD shwD `tf rf…tf ztf j¶c…Wqfkf ƒïf dhïfr' hdt, (5) dkÙÁ rstW spb rj jKf


hdt, (6) zfïfrv hAfifsv sjfb db¦lcsjv db¦lf-Hq spb zfmfsj bf Lsv ˆhQ (7) stfsjslv jfsY spb djYcW bf yfƒ.' (zfrmfl 21415, k¶fhfvfbD 1626, nrDr kfvoDh 811bQ)

mfbcsNv Hsq hf tÏfq rj htf sKsj dhvk Kfjf ydvÛhfsbv jfu rsk ifsv bf. zfïfrv hAfifsv iawfnbsjW Hq sbƒ. spsrkc k]fv zhfLAfyvB j'sv sjfb iawfnsbv zfbcokA ³hL bq. sn s[sÛW rj jKf htsk sjfb db¦lcsjv db¦lfsj Hq jvf ydvÛhfb mcndtsmv jfu bq.

zfhC ztDl …hflfr ƒhsb n¶fsmk � hstb, `zfmvf vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv jfsY ˆƒ msmG hfƒqfk jvtfm sp, lc}sJ-ncsJ, zfvfsm W jsó ˆhQ zfmfslv …iv (zbAslvsj) iafLfbA slWqfv zh²¿fq zfmvf kf]v iCBGgzfbcokA jvh. vfóºsbkfv dhv¢sÝ kfv dbje sKsj [mkf sjsV sbWqfv tVfƒ jvh bf; pk[B bf skfmvf (kfv msLA) iajfwA jcIvD slJ, sp hAfifsv skfmfslv dbje zfïfrv i[ sKsj ltDt vsqsY. zfv zfmvf nhGlf nkA jKf hth ˆhQ zfïfrv hAfifsv sjfb db¦lcsjv db¦lfsj Hq jvh bf.' (hcJfvD 7200, mcndtm 4874bQ)

r]Af, rj jKf nCspGv mskf. smO dysv kf iajfw ifq. Tfjf KfjstW shdw [B hf dlb Tfjf Kfsj bf. zfv mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��7xن��Fl�:��7�<!>�7>ل��@M7�>�Fu�>�7:�א�<.7�د b$.((� �ªzkAfyfvD hflwfrv dbje rj jKf htf nhGswaô durfl.« (zfhC lf†l

4346, dkvdmpD 2174, ƒhsb mfufr 4011bQ) ksh sJqft vfJsk rsh, iawfnsbv jfsY, ˆjfs§À kfv jBGjcrsv. iajfswA

stfj mfsU bq, ubnHf W dmìsv bq. jfvB kfW ˆj iajfv dbdNÝ dhsûfr. nkA htsk Hq sbƒ. drjmskv nfsK nkA htsk slfN sbƒ. hfLf ˆst zfïfrv

…iv Hvnf svsJ hfLfsj …ïQOb jvf jkGhA ydvÛhfb lf„v. jdh hstsYb, `dhdLv dhLfb mfbsk dosq

dbsNL pdl slq zfot, dhw¶ pdl jq ifot

zfsYb nkA mfKfv 'iv shisvfqf kcƒ nkA ht, hcj Ecsj kcƒ nkA ht.

(kJb) skfv isKvƒ mwft rsq u¶tsh dhdLv v¢û syfJ, dhdLv dhLfb nkA srfj. dhdLv dhLfb nkA srfj.'


vfo lmb

Hû W ncwDt mfbcsNv ˆjde t[B rt vfo lmb jvf. sÛÁfsLv nmq dbsusj dbqd§Ãk jvf.�

rpvk …mfv � hstsYb, `jfsvf n¤ydvÛkfv hAfifsv dbdÇyk rsqf bf, pk[B bf kfsj vfsov nmq ivD[f jsv dbsqY.'

vfsov jKfq vfo rWqfef zöfHfdhj bq. ksh sp stfj vfosk ufsb bf sn mCJG, dj§Â sp vfo jsv bf sn hcdÝmfb.

ƒmfm wfsIqD hstsYb, `vfsov jKfq sp vfso bf sn zfnst ofLf, zfv vfo mfbfst sp mfsb bf sn zfnst wqkfb.' (hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb 9164bQ)

dbq§ÃBrfvf zfÈb, ifdb ƒkAfdl spmb mfbcsNv wÛ¢, skmdb zdkdvÙÁ vfo hf sÛÁfLW kfv NVXdvicv zbAkm.

sp sÛÁfL zfk¹iv mpGflf dhn¹xk jsv ˆhQ pfhkDq …ijfv nmfdL²¿�jsv. sp sÛÁfL nHA mfbcNsjW drQna u§Âsk idvBk jsv. sp sÛÁfL rt ˆmb sUfsVf rfWqfv mk, pf dbsmsN hcdÝmfb mfbcsNv hcdÝv

ialDisj dbdHsq slq. mfbcN pJb Jch svso pfq, kJb kfv dloXdhdlj Îfb Kfsj bf. msb Kfsj bf

kfv dbsuv zfk¹n©mfsbv jKf, LsmGv jKf. kfƒ sn kJb jfsvf Jfdkv vfJsk yfq bf; ˆmb dj zsbj nmq sÛÁfLhsw dbsuv [dk dbsuƒ j'sv hsn.

zfnst sÛÁfsLv iaKmef ifotfdm�ˆhQ swNef tfÒbf. vfo shfjfdm sKsj …{idÙ�rq, dj§Â�zbckfsi swN rq. sÛÁfL lCv rstƒ zbckfi zfsn.

ˆƒ ubA mrfb ydvsÛv zflwG bhD � mfbcNsj vfo bf jvsk …islw dlsqsYb. zfhC ùvfƒvf � hstb, ˆj hAdÙÁ bhD �-sj htt, `zfidb zfmfsj djYc zdnqk jv¢b!' dkdb � htstb, ªkcdm vfofd¦hk rsqf bf.« sn hAdÙÁ ˆ jKfde jsqjhfv htt. dkdb (iaskAj hfsvƒ ˆjƒ jKf) htstb, ªkcdm vfofdb¶k rsqf bf.« (hcJfvD 6116bQ)

htf hfùtA, sÛÁfL lmb jvf n¤ydvÛkfv ˆjde zÌ. mrfb nxdójkGf pfslv ubA shsrwXk ia²Âk svsJsYb, kfslv msLA ˆj swaBDv mfbcN rt kfvf, pfvf dbsuslv sÛÁfL nQhvB jsv. dkdb hstsYb,

7 >¤�Fو7א��b�7<��9%7��7א�!8�س�9{r�7א��>�>¬�FCאن��[�}�و7א��]4�:١٣٤ل�� zKGf{, (snƒ LmGHDv¢slv ubA shsrñX ia²Âk vfJf rsqsY, pfvf n¤Yt W

zn¤Yt zh²¿fq lfb jsv,) sÛÁfL nQhvB jsv ˆhQ mfbcNsj [mf j'sv Kfsj.


(nCvf zfst ƒmvfb 134 zfqfk) nhsysq lchGt hAdÙÁ�snƒ, sp kfv Èå�sHl sofib vfJsk z[m. zfv

nhsysq wdÙÁwftD hAdÙÁ�rt snƒ, sp kfv sÛÁfL lmb jvsk ifsv. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�»7T< F��:�&>�8א��>">M7�7�_��7�17:�&7�>�<{@�א��i>XKא��8�9)�:�&>�8�y7��7�<!>��>�7 7r�א«�.� �ªwdÙÁwftD (hf hDv) sn bq sp jcñDsk uqtfH jsv. hvQ iajxk wdÙÁwftD

(hf hDv) rt snƒ hAdÙÁ sp sÛÁfsLv nmq dbsusj nfmst dbsk ifsv.« (zfrmfl, hcJfvD 6114, mcndtm 6809, dmwjfk 5105bQ)

…ÙÁ dhuqD hDsvv ubA vsqsY mrficvõfv. mrfbhD � hstsYb, �»<%7#�7-FzFu��z< F|�−�7':f7و�\��9�:�:وس��F�7��9و�8v7��8�7x7א��1K:�دF$�:�7X>y<!:&�−�:��7�7ن>��Fd��F�7�د<k�>�F�7��א� M7#�7<�&7'>م7>R��7:�+��87א�? 7�:&�:1K#�9<�7%א��.�»7a��7#�7��א2�:' �

ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb iajfv sÛÁfL nQhvB jsv, pf sn iasqfo jvsk nmKG, zfïfr kfsj nxdóv mfsU zfrhfb jvshb ˆhQ kfv ƒ¤Yfmk (shsrwXskv) ncbqbf ùvD oarB jvsk ˆJdkqfv slshb.« (dkvdmpD, ƒhsb mfufr, nrDr zfhc lf†l 3997 bQ)

vfo lmb jvshb jDHfsh? vfo lmsbv ubA spmb iasqfub [mfwDtkfv, skmdb iasqfub ndròckf W

³LpGwDtkfv. ƒ…bcn bhD -ˆv dbu ufdkv hAfifsv ³LpGycAdk OsedYt. Ist dkdb kfslv iadk vfofd¦hk rsqdYstb. mrfb zfïfr k]fv mskf bf rsk zfslw jsvsYb k]fv nhGswN bhD �-sj,

}<�>�<3�Fb�9-C:2>��F}?"7��F�7و�%@C7/�>�>+�7�Fu�>W':2�9ذ>�א)�i77��7�د':f7م\�و'@zC7#{)�٤٨�(��'��-�Rא�� ªzkˆh kcdm ³LpGLfvB jv skfmfv iadkiftsjv dbslGswv zsi[fq, kcdm

dkdm-Wqftf (ƒ…bcn)ˆv mk zSLpG rsqf bf, pJb sn dhNfl zf¤Yâ zh²¿fq jfkv iafKGbf jsvdYt.« (jftfm } 48)

pfv iadk vfo jvf rq, sn vfsov zfÈbsj dbHfsk ifsv. ovm mfbcNsj bvm …Ùv dlst vfo ifdb rsq pfq.

ÎfdboB hstb, `vfsov nhsysq hV iadkjfv rt, dhtì�jvf.' `sÛÁfsLv�ˆjmfÛ�ŠNL rt bDvhkf zhtìb jvf.' jfvB vfsov isv isvƒ nk¶v sjfb jfu jvst kf Hct rsk ifsv ˆhQ sÛÁfsLv nmq jKf htst mcJ sKsj znÌk jKf shv rsk ifsv.

sÛÁfL lmsbv zfsvf ˆjde dydj{nf rt bhD �-ˆv dbslGw,


<��7(9ذ7א«� F|�<-@u:�7+F$�7':f7و�\->��Fd�<T>�<S7 �Fb�<9ن,Fb�7�7f77��:�7!>1:�ذ 7r�א�Ke9)7و�<]>SFl< 7 �Fb«�.� �ªskfmfslv msLA pJb sj… svso pfsh, kJb sn l]fdVsq Kfjst spb hsn

pfq. ˆsk kfv vfo lCvDHCk rst Hft, bsy{ sn spb ðsq pfq.« (zfrmfl 21348, zfhC lf†l 4784, ƒhsb drêfb, nrDùt ufsm 694bQ)

vfo zsbj nmq wqkfb …sûj jsv. snƒ ubA vfo lmsbv ˆjde dydj{nf rt, wqkfb sKsj zfwaq iafKGbf jvf.

nctfƒmfb dhb ncvfl hstb, ˆjlf zfdm bhD �-ˆv jfsY hsn dYtfm. ˆmb nmq lcƒ hAdÙÁ oftfofdt jvst Wslv msLA ˆjusbv vfo yvsm …sE sn tft rsq sot. dkdb htstb,

))p?�9)�:-F�<�FAF��M7�>�Fu�<'F��7.F��Fd�7�7f77��7!>1:�ذ#�:�>S7&�<'F��7ل�Fd�:ذ':�F$��>1�K��>"��<%�>#��9- >x8ن�9א��Fl< �א��87�7f77��7!>1:�ذ#�:�>S7&.((� �

ªzfdm ˆmb ˆjde m§Ã ufdb, kf ifE jvst Wv vfo lCv rsq pfsh. `zf†pc dhïfdr dmbfw wfqk¶fdbv vfuDm' iVst kfv vfo lCv rsq pfsh.«

stfjde hst …Et, `zfidb dj zfmfsj ifot msb jsvb?' kf ðsb dkdb ifE jvstb,

[\�(v7��<X>�7<��Fb�>1��>"�:18�9>غ\�א��8 >Fl�ن�F}8!F|7v!7&�7%>#�9و7(8#9�{>�7��\- >�7�{)�٢٠٠�(��'��א��א �ªpdl wqkfsbv jcm§ÃBf skfmfsj iasvfdyk jsv, kfrst zfïfrv jfsY

zfwaq iafKGbf jv, dbÇyq dkdb nhGswafkf, nhGÎ.« (zf'vfI } 200, hcJfvD 3282, mcndtm 6812, rfsjm 3649bQ)

� �jólfsb dhvk Kfjf

ƒmfm zfècïfr dhb mchfvj (vfdrmfùïfr) rsk n¤ydvÛkfv hAfJAf hdBGk rsqsY, dkdb hstsYb,

�))1x7'�7"��7א�':f)�1x7'א��@MFdF�Fh�(�i7א�ذ�_�Fu7و�،�>��)).،�وX7"7>ل:�א��F:و �`kf rt, nhGlf rfdnmcJ Kfjf, mfbcsNv …ijfv jvf ˆhQ jf…sj jó bf

slWqf.' (dkvdmpD 2005bQ) r]Af, mfbcNsj sjfbHfsh jó bf slWqf zKhf kfv slr-mb sKsj jó lCvDHCk

jvf n¤ydvÛkfv ˆjde mr{ ÈB. hvQ kf shsrwXkD mfbcsNv ˆjde nlfyvB. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�7!:'א((<sא�p>��¸>��<%>#�<-@C>�@y<�F$�<%7�<sF$��<-�@CF��FM�8!7S�א��א'@d:��<3א��+�8��7>:->��(9ذ7א�א'�@b<وF$7و��7�7>/:->��(9ذ7א�و�


�<!>:->�(9ذ7א�وF$7د_وא:/< _'א�b@�:وC7x@->�و7א+>zFy@'א�א �u7@->�و7|@�7�<"F$א�'£y@u7و�F$<-@C7&>�<&.((� �ªskfmvf skfmfslv kvI sKsj zfmfv ubA Yqde dhNsqv ufdmb rW, zfdm

skfmfslv ubA shsrsñv ufdmb rsq pfh; jKf htst nkA ht, zÌDjfv jvst kf iftb jv, skfmfslv dbjse sjfb zfmfbk vfJf rst kf zflfq jv, skfmfslv spZbfsÌv drIfpk jv, skfmfslv y[csj (zShL djYc slJf rsk) zhbk vfJ, zfv skfmfslv rfksj (jólfsb) dhvk vfJ.« (zfrmfl 22757, k¶fhfvfbD, ƒhsb Jcpfƒmfr, ƒhsb drêfb, rfsjm, dntdntfr nrDrfr 1470bQ)

ƒ¤Yfjxk jó slWqf skf ³hLƒ bq, hvQ zdb¤YfjxkHfsh jf…sj jó slWqfv hAfifsvW nfhLfbkf zhtìb jvsk rsh ydvÛhfb mcndtmsj. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��F�7��<�>��R7 �>��<{�،�$Fو>��<: �Fb�\�<�7��:17�7#77��،�و!>d7א'<�F$�<وF$�،��>�>x�7�7#�<%>#��<p7a��8�7#�<%7#��<p7�>"��7.<!>#�7�>� )).�<��1�yFC"��7.>��7؛�$ن>�&:�< �$�7+�7א�#<�7%א�@�>�<

ªsp hAdÙÁ kDv nsÌ dbsq zfmfslv sjfb mndul zKhf sjfb hfufsvv dHkv dlsq zdkÛÁm jvsh, kfv …dyk rsh, rfskv sysef äfvf kfv Itfsj Lsv sbWqf. pfsk sjfb mcndtm kfv äfvf sjfb iajfv jó bf ifq.« (hcJfvD 452, mcndtm 6831bQ)

snƒ ydvÛhfbƒ skf iajxk mc'dmb, pfv äfvf sjfb mc'dmb ³ldrj hf mfbdnjHfsh sjfb zfOfk ifq bf. pfv sjfb zfyvsB sjfb mcndtm sjfb iajfv jó ifq bf W [dkoa²À rq bf. vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb,

))eF$�<-@u:�>�<G@$9؟��%>#<o:��>"��<%�7#��:1�7!>#F$��:א�!�8�س��F�7��<-9.>7א�'�<#F$��،<-9.>��@y<�F$7و��:->�<��:��7<-��7#�7%>��و7א��:'ن7>�<�:��7��7S7f#�7%>��و7א��:.x�7<�:�א��7�7f�7x�:17�y7��p>b�>M7��Fh�،>1K#7%>�و7א��:f�7S<�:�و7&�7<�<،��<�7��<1<�#<%>�א��7&�Fl7��7א�':�_Xو7א�.((� �

ªzfdm dj skfmfslvsj `mcdmb' sj---kf hst slh bf? (iajxk mcdmb rt snƒ), pfv (zkAfyfv) sKsj stfsjvf dbsuslv ufb-mfstv hAfifsv dbvfiÙf tfH jvsk ifsv. (iajxk) mcndtm rt snƒ hAdÙÁ, pfv duh W rfk rsk stfsjvf wfd§À tfH jvsk ifsv. (iajxk) mcufdrl rt snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp zfïfrv zfbcokA jvsk dbsuv msbv dhv¢sÝ durfl jsv. zfv (iajxk) mcrfduv (druvkjfvD) rt snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp nm²À ififyvBsj druvk (huGb) jsv.« (zfrmfl 6/21, rfsjm 24, k¶fhfvfbD 15191, hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb , dntdntfr nrDrrfr 549bQ)

iajxk mcndtm sjfbdlb sjfb mcndtsmv ydvsÛW zfOfk jsv bf. kfv mfb-


n©mfsbv hAfifsv kfsj sjfb iajfv jó slq bf. zfnst ˆmb jfu skf mcbfdIjslv. mrfbhD � kfslvsjƒ nsìfLb j'sv hstsYb,

))�7&�7�7�<�7#�<%7#�<�Fd��7-F��<�F$��>1>��7��>�>"��<-�F�7��9و��y:&��:�7�نZ9[א��F�9)��>1�>��Fd�Feذ:وא��<o�:/��7�>�>�<��:��و�Fe7א�<-:fو:�? 7�:/�Fe77א/<.9->�/�87<�:'א�و�<'7��:18�9,Fb�<%7#�7]8�77/�F�7�<'7��>1 >GF$�9->�<�:��8�7[�7/�7و%�7#7>��7'>�17/7:�א��1K:�/8�77[�7א�:1K17/7:�א��<'7��:1<27 y7&�<'F�7و��>b�>�<'7x�1>�<+7�.((� �

ªsr (mcbfsIsjv lt!) pfvf mcsJ mcntmfb rsqY ˆhQ pfslv z§Àsv ˆJbW „mfb iashw jsvdb (kfvf swfb), skfmvf mcndtmslvsj jó dlsqf bf, kfslvsj tfdÒk jsvf bf W kfslv dYlafsb¶NB jsvf bf. spsrkc sp hAdÙÁ kfv mcndtm Hfƒsqv slfN zbcnáfb jsv zfïfr kfv slfN zbcnáfb jsvb. zfv zfïfr pfv slfN zbcnáfb jsvb (zKGf{ sofib bf jsvb) dkdb kfsj zil²¿ jsvb; pdlW sn dbu oxrfHA§Àsv Kfsj.« (dkvdmpD 2032bQ)

uhfb äfvf jó slWqf, ofdt-oftfu j'sv mfbcNsj zfOfk slWqf, zwftDb m§ÀhA j'sv zivsj dhhak jvf, tfofmrDb jKf hst zivsj …ÙAÙÁ jvf, jKfq jKfq iadkshwDsj jó slWqfv jfu dj shsrwkD mfbcsNv rsk ifsv? j[sbf bf.

zfhC ùvfƒvf � jkxGj hdBGk, ˆj hAdÙÁ htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zmcj mdrtf shwD shwD (bIt) bfmfp isV, svfpf vfsJ W lfb-Jqvfk jsv hst …sïJ jvf rq; dj§Â sn dbu duH äfvf (znHA jKf hst hf ofdt dlsq) iadkshwDsj jó slq. (kfv hAfifsv zfibfv zdHmk jD?)' dkdb htstb, ªsn slfpsJ pfsh.« stfjde zfhfv htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zmcj mdrtf z¬i (bIt) bfmfp isV, svfpf vfsJ W lfb-Jqvfk jsv hst …sïJ jvf rq; dj§Â sn dbu duH äfvf (znHA jKf hst hf ofdt dlsq) iadkshwDsj jó slq bf. (kfv hAfifsv zfibfv zdHmk jD?)' dkdb htstb, ªsn shsrsñ pfsh.« (zfrmfl 9675, ƒhsb drêfb 5764, rfsjm 7305, nrDr kfvoDh 2560bQ)

ydvÛhfb dbu slr, mcJ hf sthfn-sifwfsjv lcoGá äfvfW jf…sj jó slq bf. Ofsmv lcoGá, sbfQvf jfisVv lcoGá zKhf idv°jfv bf jvfv Ist zKhf sjfb oápcÙÁ Jfhfv sJsq mcsJv lcoGá äfvf ifswv mfbcNsj zdkô j'sv skfst bf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��7�7�>S<�7#�<9لv7<�7 �Fbو�F$�،�7!�9v7<�7 �Fb��7�7"�<وF$��#':��7�FuF$�<%7#�.((��M�&9و7א��p�>b71<�،�و�< F�7��k�y`#��->�<�:�>��))�:��FM�FC>�F�F9ن�8א�,�Fb�،��7�7�>S<��7#�8%7"7��R7&�F��Fb�،�7§8א�@C�7א��7�7�7،�و7א�=_'م�7،�و7א��FuF$�<%7#�

�FA77&��8ذ�i8#<!>1:�"7!:'�4د7م�7>#�i8ذFA77/.�((� �


ªsp hAdÙÁ (j]fyf) vnCb zKhf di]qfu Jfq, sn spb zfmfslv dbje rsk lCsv zh²¿fb jsv zKhf zfmfslv mndul sKsj lCsv Kfsj.« (hcJfvD 855, mcndtm 1281bQ)�

mcndtsmv ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªsp hAdÙÁ (jf]yf) di]qfu, vnCb ˆhQ tDj ifkf Jfq, sn spb zhwAƒ zfmfslv mnduslv dbjehkGD bf rq. sjbbf, dIdvñfoB snƒ dudbsn jó ifb, pfsk zflm-n§Àfb jó ifq.« (mcndtm 1282bQ)

di]qfu-vnCb skf rftft dudbn, kf j]fyf zh²¿fq sJsq mcsJ lcoGá dbsq mndusl zfsn mfbf. jfvB kfsk mndusl …id²¿k dIdvwXkf W bfmfpDoB jó ifshb kfƒ. kfrst sp dudbn rftft bq, sn dudbn JfWqf hf ifb jvf dj sjfb ydvÛhfb mcndtsmv zHAfn rsk ifsv? zfhfv kf sJsq hf ifb j'sv mcsJv lcoGá dbsq mndusl hf ufmfzfsk ˆsn dIdvwXkf W mfbcNsj jó slWqf sjfb ydvÛhfb mc'dmsbv zfyvB rsk ifsv? dbÇyqƒ bf.

mcndtmslv vf²Àfv hAfifsv jó slWqf sKsj dhvk KfjfW ydvÛhfb mcndtsmv jkGhA. isK-Ofse sinfh-ifqJfbf bf j'sv, hfdVv hfKv¢smv ifdb vf²Àfq bf sYsV, vf²Àfq sbfQvf hf sjfb jólfqj h²Â bf sIst, ofdV hf zbA sjfb nfmoaD svsJ iK zhsvfL hf nQjDBG bf j'sv mfbcNsj jólfsb dhvk Kfjf ˆhQ jó-ifWqf stfjmcsJ zdHwfi bf sbWqf ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢sNv jkGhA. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�M7�9<�א��7'7א�9د<�b<��א7�7��אز�7א�=F�8§�7א��F�7<�7%א/R8@'א«��Fd7�9وk&9�Klא��?�Nzو7א�«�.� �ªskfmvf dkbde zdHwfi zfbqbjfvD jmG sKsj h]fy; zfv kf rt, Ofse,

mfU-vf²Àfq ˆhQ Yfqfq ifqJfbf jvf.« (zfhC lf…l 26, ƒhsb mfufr 328, nrDr kfvoDh 141 bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, ))<%7#�i74�7ذ�>�>�<�:� >1<�و�p>b�<-9.>d:�@h�<;7�7x7א�F�7��<-:.:7!<�F�((.� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ vf²Àfv hAfifsv mcndtmslvsj jó slq, sn hAdÙÁv …isv kfslv zdHwfi zdbhfpG rsq pfq.« (k¶fhfvfbD jfhDv 2978, nrDr kfvoDh 143 bQ)

hvQ ydvÛhfb mcndtsmv jkGhA, vf²Àf idv°jfv vfJf, kfsk isV Kfjf jólfqj h²Â lCv j'sv idKjslv nruHfsh iK ytsk nrfqkf jvf. spsrkc mc'dmsbv „mfb kfsj ˆ jfu jvsk …äcÝ jsv. mrfbhD � hstsYb,


ª„mfb nÙv hf Nfsev zdLj wfJfdhdwó; pfv …Ùm (W iaLfb) wfJf `tf


ƒtf-rf ƒïfïfr' (zfïfr YfVf sjfb nkA …ifnA sbƒ) htf ˆhQ nhsysq [cla wfJf iK rsk jólfqj h²Â zinfvB jvf. zfv tÏfwDtkf „mfsbv zbAkm wfJf.« (mcndtm 162bQ)

„mfsbv zfstfsj zfstfdjk msbv mfbcN zisvv jó nƒsk ifsv bf. kfƒ skf sn iK sKsj jólfqj h²Â lCvDjvsB zbciafdBk rq. zfv dbÇyqƒ snef Hfstf jfu. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��? �7�ل:�$@�p>8#+7�7!:.7��و7�7<�$�8pF�7��<;7s9�:��@�7�ط�:&�i77��<.�7��א�ذ�<�$�9%>��727#��:W<�7x7'Fb��7.:~�:%Fb<�:/�Fe�>�>S<�Fن:��א�'@C7/�FM7��7�_!7��<.7��א��F$�>�i97�7�و#��:W<�7x7�9،�و7وk&�Kl�9%7א��.((� �

ªzfmfv …©mskv Hftm¦l jmG zfmfv jfsY siw jvf rt. nckvfQ zfdm kfslv Hft jfsuv msLA ‰ jólfqj dudbnW sitfm, pf vf²Àf sKsj nvfsbf rq. zfv kfslv m¦l jmGnmCsrv kfdtjfq mndusl ‰ jIW sitfm, pfv …iv mfde yfif slWqf rqdb.« (mcndtm 1261bQ)

ˆjlf zfhC hfpGfr � htstb, `sr zfïfrv bhD! zfmfsj ˆmb ˆjde zfmt hst dlb, pfv äfvf zfdm …ijxk rsk ifvh.' dkdb htstb,

�»9v<�7א��>�>�<�:��.»ل�9א�Fذ�9k&9�Fh�<%7��i7א� �ªmcndtmslv vf²Àf sKsj jólfqj h²Â lCv jv.« (mcndtm 6839bQ) r]Af, sn jfu hV …ijfvD. spsrkc sn jfsu mfbcN …ijxk rq ˆhQ kfv

Ist nshGf¤y mCstAv icvõfv tfH rq. vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb, �))��:�K�FR77&��:x7��:;<&$7��<�RF��>ذo�:/�<;�7��Fu�9k�&9�Fl�9א��<.F¬�<%�>#��7.7�FlFd��7�7S7a��>M8!Fא��

�7�>��)).א�@�>�< �ªzfdm ˆj hAdÙÁsj ufâfsk sOfvfsIvf jvsk slJtfm. sp (ixdKhDsk)

vf²Àfv mLA rsk ˆjde ofY sjse ndvsq dlsqdYt, spde mcndtmslvsj jó dld¤Yt.« (mcndtm 6835-6838bQ)

zisvv iasqfub iCvB

ydvÛhfb n{wDt mfbcsNv êf ˆjef mr{ jfu. ˆmb jfsu mfbcsNv dbjseW ncbfm ifWqf pfq, pdlW kfv zfwf jvf …dyk bq sjfb mcndtsmv. jfvB, kf jvst zfïfrv dbje sjfb dhdbmq ifWqf pfsh bf. nckvfQ ncbfm sbWqfv dbqk bf j'svƒ Hfstf jfu j'sv spsk rsh. zfv kfskƒ rsh nfItA tfH.

mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw,


�]٧٧:�א��ª[�}�و7א�7�b@'א�א7�� >��y:/�<-@CK�7�F��7<2:'ن�7{zKGf{, …Ùm jfu jv; pfsk skfmvf nItjfm rsk ifv . (rfÏ 77 zfqfk) zfv mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))��:1:�>�<�:&�Fe71:�،�و�>�z7&�e�،�->�<�@א��':GF$�:->�<�@א��.��@� ��Fu�،�1�ن�7אG$�M�7x�7+��7ن��Fu�<%7# M7#�7<،�و%�7#7>��+7>R�7<�&7'م�9א��@u�<%>#�M7"<�@u��."�:1<!7��@��7x`�1،�و8�Fb�<%7#7ج8�Fb�،�M7"<�@u�->�<�:#�<%7��7ج�7א

>M7#� >R7'م�7א�&�@��7�77:�א>�<�:#�7�77�.((� �ªmcndtm mcndtsmv Hfƒ, sn kfv …iv zkAfyfv jvsh bf ˆhQ kfsj

zkAfyfvDv rfsk sYsV slsh bf. sp hAdÙÁ kfv Hfƒsqv iasqfub iCBG jvsh, zfïfr kfv iasqfub iCBG jvshb. sp hAdÙÁ sjfb mcndtsmv sjfb ˆj dhil lCv j'sv slsh, zfïfr djqfmskv dlb kfv hù dhislv ˆjde dhil lCv j'sv slshb. zfv sp hAdÙÁ sjfb mcndtsmv slfN-Û¢de sofib jvsh, zfïfr djqfmsk kfv slfN-Û¢de sofib jvshb.« (hcJfvD 2442, mcndtm 6743bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb �))��>M7#�7 >R�7<�&7'>م�9א��@u�<%>#�M7"�@u�:1<!7��u�<%>#�M7"<�@u�%>#<o:#�<%7��7TKy7��<%7#@��7<�א��_� �7TKy7��،��7א

�� 1<��א��_�> 7��و7א�G<��7<�،�و%7#7>��#�7�7�7:��>�<��7�7�7:�אF�7��،�و��F�7��8�7&�<%7#7#:�>�<��&�7�8�7א 1<א��_�> 7��و7>G$�9ن�7א��7>�:��7'ن�Fu��7#�>�<�77'ن�9א��)).א�G<��7<�،�وא �

ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb mcntmfsbv sjfb ifdKGh lcsHGfo lCvDHCk jvsh, zfïfr kfv djqfmskv dlsbv lcsHGfonmCsrv msLA sjfb ˆjde lcsHGfo lCv jvshb. zfv sp hAdÙÁ sjfb ‡B idvswfsL z[m hAdÙÁv iadk nru jvsh, zfïfr lcdbqf W zfsJvfsk kfv iadk nru jvshb. zfv pk[B ipG§À hf¦lf kfv mcntmfb Hfƒsqv nrspfdokf jvsk Kfsj, zfïfrW sn hf¦lfv nfrfpA jvsk Kfsjb.« (zfrmfl 7427, mcndtm 7028bQ, zfhc lf†l, dkvdmpD, bfnf„, ƒhsb mfufr, ƒhsb drêfb, rfsjm)

zhwAƒ mrfb iadkiftj ˆmb ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢Nsj Hfstfhfsnb, sp mfbcsNv …ijfv jsv, mfbcsNv zHfh iCvB jsv. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

»_�7+F$�9א�!8�س��F�9)�>1Kא��F��7�7/�<-:.:�Fy<�F$�9�7_�،��<�!8�س+F$7�7�ل��9و�<�Fא��F�9)��>1�Kא��F��7�7/��\��:��:و:1@�>G<�:/��F�7��->�<�:#�،�<وF$�:�>�FC7/�:1<!7��M7"<�@u�،�<وF$�p> R7/�:1<!7��!<&7و>�،�دF$��:د:��l7/��:1�<!7��':x�،��p>!<�7&��7�>S<��7#−�א��7X7f�>�>S<�7א�F$�7�>C7<�F$�p>bن>�#<%>�(�7p>�<#F$�7#7]�9²F$�p>b��M7x�7+�_�7+F$�8pF�9وF�7ن>>M7!&>�7��8�Fu�:17�7و7a�،�7%7#7.>��א�−�א� F|�7�77��:1K17/7:�א�� >FzFu�:1Fz-�7و7��،�<%7#7'>F|�<'F�7�7و�7�a�<نF$�:17 > <�:&�


:��7 <#F$�FÆ7#�:1K17��:�א��Fd��7x7� M7#�7<�&7'>م�7>R�1<�#7[�7#��7�7و%7#7>�،�א >GF$�p>b��M7x�7+��87+��7.7>�<=:&��:1�F��7;7�<�F$�:1K17#7:�א��Fd�7ول:�&7'>م:v7/�97אم�dFو7(9ن�8[א��9:'8k@�:��א�:�>�y: F��7�7��7��א7��Fu�:�>�y:&��7��א��7�7��א[.� �

ªzfïfrv dbje nhsysq diaqkm stfj rt snƒ hAdÙÁ sp mfbcsNv ubA nhsysq shwD …ijfvD. zfïfrv dbje nhsysq diaqkm zfmt rt, ˆjub mcndtsmv r™lqsj JcwDsk idviCBG jvf zKhf kfv sjfb jó lCv jsv slWqf zKhf kfv kvI sKsj kfv ‡B zflfq jsv slWqf zKhf (jfiV lfb jsv kfv ƒÏk sTsj slWqf zKhf) kfv dbje sKsj kfv [cLf lCv jsv slWqf. mndusl ˆjmfn Lsv ƒ'dkjfI jvfv yfƒsk zfmfv mcndtm Hfƒsqv sjfb iasqfub dmefsk pfWqf zfmfv dbje zdLj iY¦lbDq. sp hAdÙÁ dbu sÛÁfL nQhvB jsv sbsh, zfïfr kfv slfN sofib jsv sbshb. sp hAdÙÁ dbu vfo nfmst sbsh; zKy sn ƒ¤Yf jvst kf iasqfo jvsk ifvk, sn hAdÙÁv r™lqsj zfïfr djqfmskv dlb n§Âó jvshb. sp hAdÙÁ kfv mcndtm Hfƒsqv iasqfub iCvB jvfv ubA pfsh ˆhQ kf iCvB jsv slsh, zfïfr sndlb kfv ilpcotsj nclxP vfJshb, spdlb ilpcot diYt jfesh. zfv m¦l ydvÛ zfmtsj bó jsv, spmb dnjGf mLcsj bó jsv sIst.« (k¶fhfvfbD 13468, ƒhsb zfdhl lcbXqf, nrDr kfvoDh 2090, dntdntfr nrDrfr 906bQ, nrDùt ufsm' 176bQ)�

zhwAƒ dbu dbu nfLAmskf. bsy{ sp zHfh iCBG jvfv [mkf kfv sbƒ zKhf sp zHfh iCBG jvf kfv ubA ³hL bq, kf jvsk sn zfdló bq.

isvfijfdvkf

isvv …ijfsv zfnh, dj§Â jvh bf. ydvÛhfb mfbcsNv ˆmb rWqf …dyk bq. zsbj nmq zsbj mfbcN äfvf sYfÕ …ijfsvv ubA hV mfbcNsj kfv sJfwfmdl jvsk rq. dj§Â sn ifÙf slq bf. mcJ kcst jKf hst bf, sIfsb uhfh slq bf zKhf hA²Àkf iajfw jsv. kJb snƒ sYfe msbv zbclfv mfbcsNv HfhJfbf dwqfstv mskf rq. `dwqfstv È jfsu tfso, dwqft dosq ihGsk rfso.' ydvÛhfb mfbcN ˆmb rq bf. hvQ sn jfsvf …ijfsv zfnst, kfsk sn zfbd¦lk rq ˆhQ nfb¦l-dysÙ snƒ …ijfv nfLb jvsk sisv msb-iafsB kxdå tfH jsv. spsrkc isvv …ijfv jvsk sisv sp zfb¦l tfH rq, kfv mskf hV zfb¦l zfv zbA djYcsk sbƒ. zfv isvv …ijfv sp jsv, kfv sysq hV Hfstf mfbcN zfv zbA sj… rsk ifsv bf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

)):�< 7G�9א�!8�س�<-:.:�Fy<�$�98�س!�>�.((� �ªnhGswaô mfbcN snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp mfbcsNv ubA nhsysq shdw …ijfvD.« (n}


ufsm' 3289, lfvfj¶ck¶bD, dn} nrDrfr 426bQ) sjfbW …its[A jf…sj ˆjef …irfv dlsq zfb¦l slWqf pfq. kf swaô

jfu. jf…sj ‡B dlsq …ijfv jvf pfq. zfv kfsk sn zfbd¦lk rq ˆhQ

‡Blfkfv slWqf efjfv zsLGj efjf nljf jvfv nmfb nWqfh tfH rq. jfsvf ‡B idvswfL j'sv dlsq kfsj öd²À slWqf pfq ˆhQ …ijxk jvf pfq. sjfb [cLfKGsj zâlfb j'sv zfbd¦lk W idvkxå jvf pfq. ˆsk kfv

zsbj lczf ifWqf pfq. zfv nWqfh skf zfsYƒ. …ÙÁ njt jfu dbÇyqƒ nhGswaô jfu. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

)) :�7 b$�9ل��<�F�7$ن>�א��>G<�:/��F} >G$��9%>#o�@א��א��<��7p$و>��:��:و �R7/��:1�!��!<&71�7:��$و>�د�>�l:/��)).v<�:Gא �

ªnhGswaô zfmt rt, (mc'dmb) mcndtsmv msb skfmfv zfb¦l Hsv slWqf, zKhf kfv ‡B idvswfL j'sv slWqf zKhf kfsj v¢de JfWqfsbf.« (hfƒrfj¶D 7678, ƒhsb zfdhl lcbXqf, dn} nrDrfr 1494bQ)

zfv ˆ jKf iCshGƒ susbdY sp, sp hAdÙÁ mfbcsNv ubA …ijfvD, sn mrfb iadkiftsjv dbje nhfv yfƒsk shdw diaq ˆhQ sjfbW Hfsh sjfb mcndtmsj sJfw jvfW k]fv dbje nhGfdLj diaq zfmt. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

��/:�>G<�@��1:��:��:و�\�و�8v��7��8��7xא��()�א��>��7�ل�9و$+�Fy<�$<-�_��7:.:��א��()�א�!��8�س$�9+��7_((->�<�:#.((.....� �

ªzfïfrv dbje nhsysq diaqkm mfbcN snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp mfbcsNv ubA nhsysq shwD …ijfvD ˆhQ zfïfrv dbje nhsysq diaqkm zfmt snƒ zfmt, pf j'sv ˆjub mcndtmsj zfb¦l slWqf pfq.« (k¶fhfvfbD 13468, ƒhsb zfdhl lcbXqf, nrDr kfvoDh 2090, dntdntfr nrDrfr 906bQ, nrDùt ufsm' 176bQ)�

zhwAƒ sn …ijfv dbu nfLAmskf jvf pfsh. bsy{ mrfb zfïfr }Fe�:�N�FC:&�:1א��y7��Ke9)��7.7�<�:�٢٨٦(}و�(��'��Rא��

ªzfïfr jf…sjW kfv nfsLAv zdkdvÙÁ lfdqk¶ ziGB jsvb bf.« (hfj¶fvfr } 286) }�F��:�N�FC:&�:1Kא��y7��K�9)��7#��7f�7/4{)�٧�(��א��lق��' �

ªzfïfr pfsj sp nfmKGA dlsqsYb, kfv sysq Èv¢kv shfUf dkdb kfv …iv yfifb bf.« (k¶ftfj¶ } 7)�

zkˆh ydvÛhfsbv …dyk, pdl sn jfsvf ncsJv o¬i stJfv sid¦nt rsk bf ifsv, kfrst spb jfsvf lc}J smfYfv vhfv rsq pfq.


stfrf dlsq snfbfv oqbf ³kvD rq bf dEjƒ, dj§Â snfbfv oqbf ³kvD jvsk stfrfv rfkcdVv lvjfv rq. nckvfQ snfbf bf rsk ifvstW stfrf rWqf …dyk.

…ijfv jvst …ijxk mfbcN …ijfvDv lfsn idvBk rq. spsrkc iadk lfbƒ iadklfb yfq. Ist sn …ijfsvv dhdbmsq zbcv™i …ijfv bf jvsk ifvst …ijfvDv zbcok rsq pfq.

mctrfh dhb zfhD nfIvfr hstb, `zfdm slsJ zhfj rƒ sp, stfsjvf dbu mft dlsq softfm ÛÁq jsv, zKy …ijfdvkf dlsq öfLDb mfbcN ÛÁq jsv bf.'

nkjGkfv dhNq sp, zsbsj …ijfv jvsk dosq zijfv j'sv hsn. hù dbshGfL hf zfshoD mfbcN äfvf ˆmb …¬ef jfu Ose spsk ifsv. spmb }

blDv sufqfsv ˆjde hV mfY hftcysv zfesj dosq tfIfsk Kfsj. djYc hfbv kfsj slsJ lqf rst kfsj ifsV kcst slq, pfsk ifdbsk isV iafB bf rfvfq!

ˆjub dhLhfv …ijfv jvsk dosq kfv ofsq jtsËv Yfi stso pfq. ˆjub kv¢BDsj äDb dwJfsk dosq sn kfv siasm isV äDblfdv bó j'sv hsn. sjfb dhhfdrkfv …ijfv jvsk dosq sn spb bkcb öi slJsk ðv¢ bf jsv.

msb vfJsk rsh mrfbhD �-ˆv nkjGhfBD, »�>�>�? 7��F�7و>��7>��א��F$��7.>x<ز7و��F�7��F$7�<#�7�8�7אG�<%7#��8!>#�7T< F��«.� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ jfsvf ²ÃD zKhf ÛÁDklfnsj kfv (öfmD hf iaHcv dhv¢sÝ) iasvfdyk jsv, sn zfmfslv ltHcÙÁ bq.« (zfrmfl 9157, zfhC lf†l 2177, rfsjm 2795, ƒhsb drêfb 5560bQ)

zsbsj zsbsjv hfskv hAKf Hfstf jvsk dosq jcôhAfdL nxdó j'sv hsn. zkˆh nfhLfb njst.��

lfsbv iadklfb iadk lfbƒ iadklfb yfq, êfƒ n¤ydvÛkfv vDdk. zdHÎvf hstb, ìxdKhDef

ytsY jmfdnGqft stb-slsbv …iv. stbslb dEj vfJst ixdKhDef siasm rfhcFchc Jfsh.'

zfv mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }<�7f��7אv7x�9א�,9+>�7�ن��K�9)�:�٦٠(}א�,9+>�7�ن�(��'��%Çא��

ª…Ùm jfsuv ubA …Ùm icvõfv hAkDk zfv jD rsk ifsv?« (vfrmfb } 60) r]Af, n¤ydvÛkfv ˆƒ vDdk Hû nmfsu iaydtk zfsY, sj… zfibfv …ijfv

jvst, dhdbmsq zfidb kfv …ijfv jvshb. zhwA kfv mfsb ˆƒ bq sp, sj… …ijfv jvst, kshƒ zfidb kfv …ijfv jvshb, bsy{ jvshb bf.


êfƒ vDdk, sj… zfibfsj sjfb …irfv dlst, zfidb dhdbmsq kfv jxkÎkf iajfw jvshb, kfv iawQnf jvshb ˆhQ kfv ubA lczf jvshb. zfv snƒ nfsK n[m rst zfidb kfsj zbcv™i …irfv slshb.

lfb dlsq mfbcNsj lfn hfbfsbf pfq, skmdb iadklfb dlsq mfbcsNv mb-uq jvf pfq.

i[f§Àsv lfb sisq iadklfb dlsk bf ifvst, lfkfv jxkÎkf iajfw bf j'sv …¬ef kfv hlbfm jvf zKhf zijfv W [dk nfLb jvf rDb mfbdnjkfv sbmjrfvfsmv zfyvB.

dj§Â n¤ydvÛkf rt, `pfv bcb JfW, kfv ÈB ofW.' wvDqk zfmfslvsj sn vDdk dw[f dlsqsY. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))<%7#�7]>!:3�>1< F�9)�\�� 9v<S7<�#�7>�:وFb�،�<9ن,Fb�<-F��<�>S7&��7#�>1&9v<S7&�،�9%<=: �Fb�>1< F�7��،��:1�8�9,Fb��7(9ذ7א�!<�F$�>1< F�7��<�FRFb�:�7�FC7a�،�<17:�و7(9ن�7Fu�<�FRFb�:�7�FyFu�،�<%7#7و��K�727/��7�>"�<-F��F�<�:&�،��7�8�FAFCFb�7T>�F��<�7"<'7��.))ز:و �

ªsp hAdÙÁsj sjfb …irfv lfb jvf rq sn hAdÙÁv …dyk, slWqfv mk djYc sist kf dlsq kfv iadklfb (iakcAirfv) slWqf. slWqfv mk djYc bf sist lfkfv iawQnf jvf …dyk. jfvB, sp hAdÙÁ (lfkfv) iawQnf jsv sn kfv jxkÎkf (hf ðjdvqf) zflfq jsv slq, sp hAdÙÁ (…irfv) sofib jsv (iadklfb slq bf hf ðjXv zflfq jsv bf) sn jxkOkf (hf bfðjXvD) jsv. zfv sp hAdÙÁ ˆmb djYc iajfw jsv pf kfsj slWqf rqdb, sn hAdÙÁ lc'de dmKAf sthfn idvLfbjfvDv mskf.« (dkvdmpD 2034, zfhC lf…l 4813, ƒhsb mfufr, ƒhsb drêfb, nrDr kfvoDh 954bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, X:و�:،��((�>�FAFb�،�>� �:'�:�،��9%7#א�>7�7�ذ�7"<�>xFA�Fb�،�<-@u��7�7و7#7%>�د�،�:�'@l<�FAb�،�>��وFA7��<%7#7ل�7"<�

��<-@C8�F$1:�+7�7/��87و>א�Fد>�:'א��Fb�>1>"�:17�':~>b�FC:/��7#وא�:�>S7/�<-F��<9ن,Fb�،�:�':~>b�FCFb��b�7>�:و#�<-@C< F�9)�7]7!73�<%7#7و�:�':�:/AFb�Fu��Fd.�((� �

ªsj… zfïfrv zfwaq iafKGbf jvst, kfsj zfwaq lfW. zfv sp zfïfrv bfsm pfÍf jvsh, kfsj lfb jv. sp skfmfslvsj dbm§ÃB slsh, skfmvf kfv dbm§ÃB oarB jv. sp skfmfslv …ijfv jvsh, skfmvf kfv (psKfdyk) iadklfb lfW. zfv pdl skfmvf kfv (pKfKG) iadklfbspfoA djYc bf ifW, kfrst kfv ubA kk[B ipG§À lczf jvsk Kfj, pk[B ipG§À skfmfslv ˆ LfvBf hÝmCt rsh sp, skfmvf kfv (ndEj) iadklfb zflfq j'sv dlsqY. (zfhC lf†l 1674, bfnfqD 2567bQ)


syóf nsÙ¶W iadklfb dlsk bf ifvst jm-sn-jm lfkfv ðjdvqf zflfq jvf jkGhA. spsrkc kf bf jvst sn mrfb iadkiftsjv dbjseW zjxkÎ sKsj pfsh. mrfbhD � hstsYb,


(zfrmfl 11280, dkvdmpD 1955bQ) pdlW zfidb ufsbb, …ijfvD hf lfkfv bfm jvst zfibfv bfm [qiafå

rsh, khcW sn lfkf. zfibfsj lfb dlsqsY, dhdbmsq kfsj iadklfb dlsk bf ifvstW kfv jxkÎkf iajfw jvsk rsh. pfv zfstf sisq zfidb zfstfdjk rsqsYb, kfv ‡B zidvswfLA rstW, kfv iadk iaHfskv y]fslv mskf hAhrfv ialwGb jvf jkGhA. mrskv mfrfk¹A öDjfv jvf …dyk. kshƒ bf zfidb ydvÛhfb. jdh hstsYb,

`kib-…lsq rsh mdrmfv [q, khc iaHfskv y]fl wf§ÀmcsJ jq,

zsi[f jdvqf zfdY z²ÀdnáckDsv iaBfm jdvqf pfh …dlk vdhsv.'

yfdvdÛj nfljfr

pfvf nfljfr jvfv mskf sjfb zKG ifq bf, kfvf yfdvdÛj hù jmG äfvf nfljfv nWqfh zuGb jvsk ifsv. spsrkc iaskAj n{jfpGƒ nfljfr. kfv mfsb sp sjfb Hfstf jfu jvstƒ nfljfr hf lfb jvfv nWqfh tfH rq. db}ö rsqW nfljfr jvfv nWqfh zuGb jvf pfq.

ˆmbdj dbu ²ÃDv HvB-sifNB jvshb, dbsuv spZb[cLf dmefsbfv ubA kfv nfsK dmtb jvshb, kfskW nfljfr. zfïfù zfjhfv!

ˆjlf djYc nfrfhf htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! LbDvfƒ skf shwD sbjDv zdLjfvD rsq sot. kfvf bfmfp iVsY spmb zfmvf bfmfp iVdY, kfvf svfpf vfJsY spmb zfmvf vfJdY ˆhQ (zfmfslv sysq kfvf zdkdvÙÁ jfu ˆƒ jvsY sp,) dbsuslv iasqfub-zdkdvÙÁ mft sKsj kfvf nfljfr jvsY.' dkdb htstb,

�))�@� �7�7�7x�<�Fd�7TאF�7وF$�>1>"�7ن'@d8�7�7/��7#�<-@CF��:��7¦��C7/�?��@u7و�،�Md7��73��M72 >�<��7/�?�@C>"�8ن)��9%�7��\p�.7�7و�،�mMFd7�73�>� ��MFd7�73��MF،�و�F��"�\�<#$7>�:و>�<.7/�?�@u7و�،�MFd7�73��7� >�27/�?�@u7و�،�MFd7�73


mMFd7�73�<-@u>�7+F$�9]< ��)).א�@!>�mMFd7�73�9�FC،�و��": �ªzfïfr dj skfmfslv ubA nfljfr jvfv mk dudbn lfb jsvbdb?

db}ns¦lsr iaskAj kfnhDr nfljfr, iaskAj kfjhDv nfljfr, iaskAj kfrtDt nfljfr, Hft jfsuv dbslGw slWqf nfljfr W m¦l jfu sKsj dbsNL jvf nfljfr ˆhQ skfmfslv ²ÃD-dmtb jvfW nfljfr.« nfrfhfoB htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfslv sj… ²ÃD-dmtb j'sv dbsuv spZb[cLf dbhfvB jsv, ksh ˆskW dj kfv icBA rsh?' dkdb htstb,

�))��:1�F��7ن��Fu�9ل��F�7.7��7��אs79ذ7א�و)�F}>�7XCb؟��\� 1<�و9زF�7��7ن�FuF$7.7�7��+�7אم�s7و�<'F��<-:&$7�$�\�<xF$.((� �

ªjD vfq skfmfslv, pdl sj… zShLHfsh spZb-dmtb jsv, kfrst dj kfv ifi rsh? (dbÇyq rsh.) zbcv™i sn pdl ShLHfsh (²ÃD-dmtb jsv) dbsuv jfm[cLf dbhfvB jsv, kfrst kfsk kfv icBA rsh.« (mcndtm 2376bQ)

dkdb hstsYb, �))��<� 1<�א��8>b�:]@�l7/�8&7'م��@u�،�mMFd7�73�>1 F�7��9#��7#<�7%א�!8�س�:��_�@u��:T�:��9�7!<�e�7>�<ل:�"�7�7א/

��،�mMFd7��73�:1�7��77#��7.< F�7��:1�F��:]�Fb�7/�<وF$��7.< F�7��:1�@�>�<27Fb�،�>1�>8"��7د7א�:x8و/:�<�:�א��،�mMd7�73��9%�7��i7א�ذ�@� �� .��F�9)��7א��mMFd7��73�>��8،�و/:��7/��7'�l7G�?�C"و�،�mMFd7�73�@M7�? Flא��@M7�>�FCو7א�

�mMFd7�73�9k&�Klא�.((� �ªiadkdlb pfsk nCpG …lq rq (zKGf{ iaskAj dlb) mfbcsNv iaskAj oad§¿v i[

sKsj iaslq ˆjde j'sv nfljfr vsqsY. (zfv nfljfr ðLc mft Jvy jvfsjƒ hst bf; hvQ) lc'ub mfbcsNv msLA skfmfv mDmfQnf j'sv slWqfefW nfljfr, sjfb mfbcNsj dbu nWqfvDv …iv hnfsbf zKhf kfv …iv kfv nfmfb …dEsq dbsq nfrfpA jvfW nfljfr, Hft jKf htf nfljfr, bfmfspv ubA jxk iaskAj ils[i nfljfr ˆhQ vf²Àf sKsj jólfqj dudbn lCvDHCk jvfW nfljfr.« (hcJfvD 2989, mcndtm 2377, 2382bQ)

zbA ˆj rflDsn zfsY, ))F}:�_�7�7/�p>b�>1<x7و�F} >GF$�F}F��mMFd7�73�FJ:�<#F$7و�>��7>�:و�>"�F}: �و7(9�>�7a�د:�mMFd7�73��FJא��:!>7��9�FC%>�و7�7.>7�:x8א��p>b�9ض<�F$�9ل�F�8 �א�7�7S72�و�F}F��mMFd7�73�F}:Fh�7#9)7א�9�7�7��א��8د<��<��<��x8:��9و�F}F��mMFd7�73�FJ:�7�7"7א�FMFu<'8�7و7א��-z7��7��9%>�و7א�Kl9א�k&�F}F��mMFd7�73�F}@|7א�b9)7و�<%>#�FJ9'�7د�p>b�9'�7د�F} >GF$�F}F��mMFd7�73.((� �

ªskfmfv Hfƒsqv n©mcsJ mcydj rfnf skfmfv ubA nfljfr. Hft jfsuv


dbslGw slWqf W m¦l jfu sKsj dbsNL jvf skfmfv ubA nfljfr. iK-sHftf mfbcNsj iK hst slWqf skfmfv ubA nfljfr. zá mfbcNsj iK slJfsbf skfmfv ubA nfljfr. iK sKsj ifKv, j]fef W rfV ndvsq sItf skfmfv ubA nfljfr. ˆhQ skfmfv hftdk äfvf skfmfv Hfƒsqv hftdk Hsv slWqf skfmfv ubA nfljf.« (dkvdmpD 1956bQ)

� �jdkiq nfLfvB n¤ydvÛkfv jmG

1. nf[f{jfst nftfm, mcnfIfrf W mczfbfjf jvf. nf[f{jfst nftfm mcnfIfrfr jvf ydvÛhfbslv zflwG. lfqnfvf nftfm bq,

zf§Àdvj nftfm W mcnfIfrfr ˆhQ nIv sKsj ˆst mczfbfjf jvfv dhLfb vsqsY ƒntfsm.

spsrkc ªmcndtsmv …iv mcndtsmv 6de rj vsqsY. kfv msLA ˆjde rt, pJb kfv nfsK slJf rsh, kJb kfsj nftfm slsh.---« (mcndtm 2162bQ)�

wvDqk mcndtmsj nftfm iayfv jvsk dbslGw slq. mrfbhD � hstb, ªsr mfbcN! skfmvf nftfm iayfv jv, zâlfb jv, Îfdk-háb z[câ vfJ ˆhQ stfsjvf pJb Ocdmsq Kfsj kJb skfmvf bfmfp iV. ˆsk skfmvf dbdhGsO ufâfsk iashw jvsk ifvsh.« (dkvdmpD, ƒhsb mfufr, rfsjm,nrDr kfvoDh 610bQ)

nftfm ˆj iajfv lczf. nftfm dlst hjGk zfsn. zfbfn � hstb, ˆjlf zfïfrv vnCt � zfmfsj htstb, ªshef! kcdm skfmfv idvhfsv iashw jvst nftfm dlW; ˆsk skfmfv W skfmfv idvhfsvv ubA hjGk rsh.« (dkvdmpD 2698bQ)

shsY shsY Jfn Jfn stfjsj W öfsKGv ksv dhswN nftfm bq. zfmHfsh nftfm slWqf ydvÛhfsbv jfu. spsrkc kf …Ùm W nc¦lv ƒntfsmv idvyfqj. ˆj hAdÙÁ zfïfrv vnCt �-sj duÎfnf jvt sp, `sjfbX ƒntfm …Ùm? (ƒntfsmv sjfbX sjfbX jfu …Ùm jfu?) …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ª(zHfhDsj) JflAlfb jvf ˆhQ idvdyk-zidvdyk nhfƒsj nftfm slWqf.« (hcJfvD 6236, mcndtm 39bQ)

nftfsm n©iaDdk jfsqm rq, zfv kfv Ist lfv¢n nftfm shsrwXk tfH rq. zfïfrv vnCt � hstb, ªskfmvf kk[B ipG§À shsrsñ iashw jvsh bf,

pk[B ipG§À bf mc'dmb rsqY; zfv kk[B ipG§À mc'dmb rskW ifvsh bf, pk[B ipG§À bf zfsifsn n©iaDdk jfsqm jsvY. zfdm dj skfmfslvsj ˆmb


ˆj jfsuv nQhfl slh bf, pf jvst skfmfslv zfsifsn n©iaDdk jfsqm rsh? skfmvf zfsifsnv msLA nftfm iayfv jv.« (mcndtm 54 bQ)

slhfv mskf sjfb dudbn dlsk jfiGBA jvf n¤ydvÛkfv zftfmk bq. sp nftfm dlsk jfiGBA jsv, sn nhsysq hV jxiB. mrfbhD � hstb, ªnhsysq hV syfv sn, sp bfmfp ycdv jsv ˆhQ nhsysq hV hJDt sn, sp nftfm dlsk hJDdt jsv.« (nrDùt ufsm' 966bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªnhsysq hV z[m sn, sp lczf jvsk z[mkf iajfw jsv ˆhQ nhsysq hV jxiB sn, sp nftfm dlsk jxiBkf jsv.« (nrDùt ufsm' 966bQ)

ydvÛhfb nftfsm ncâk sJqft vfsJ. nckvfQ sn …e, sOfVf, nfƒsjt hf ofdVv …iv nWqfv Kfjst ifsq sr]se pfWqf stfjsj, ifsq sr]se sost hsn Kfjf stfjsj, z¬i nQJAj rst shwD nQJAj stfjsj, hqsn sYfe rst zsi[fjxk hsqfsuAô mfbcNsj nftfm slq. (hcJfvD 6231-6232, mcndtm 2160bQ)

dj§Â ˆv dhivDkHfsh nftfm dlst slfsNv bq. ksh zhwAƒ kf ncâfr W zfIpstv dJtfi jfu rsh.

zfv snƒ hAdÙÁ rsh …Ùm, sp iaKsm nftfm dlsq Kfsj. (hcJfvD 6077, dntdntfr nrDrfr 1146bQ)

mdrtf sjfb mfrvfm rst zKhf ofqv mfrvfm hxÝf rst kfsj nftfm slWqf ShL. bsy{ ofqv mfrvfm sjfb pchkD mdrtfsj---dhswN jsv dIkbfv Hq Kfjst---kfsj nftfm slWqf ˆhQ kfv mcJ sJftfsbf ydvÛhfsbv ubA ³hL bq.

dwð rstW kfsj nftfm slq ydvÛhfb. zfv kf dhbsqv ˆjde dblwGb. zfmfslv mrfbhD � isK ytfjfst sYfe dwðslvsj nftfm dlskb. (hcJfvD 6247, mcndtm 2168bQ)

ÎfkhA sp, …ÙmHfsh nftfsmv …Ùv slWqf Wqfsuh. zfv nftfsmv iv W dhlfqjfst ˆj rfsk mcnfIfrfr jvf ncâk.

zfïfrv vnCt � hstb, ªpJbƒ sjfb lcƒ mcdmb hAdÙÁ nf[f{ j'sv zfsifsn mcnfIfrfr jsv, (sjht zfïfrv Wqfs²À ˆsj zsbAv rfk Lsv), kJbƒ kfslv ixKj rsq ia²¿fb jvfv iCshGƒ …Hqsjƒ [mf j'sv slWqf rq.« (dkvdmpD, nrDr zfhc lf†l 4343 bQ)

kf'pDsmv ubA bq, hvQ dbsuv ufqofq hnfsbfv ubA, nrspfdokf jvfv ubA zfo§Âsjv iadk …sE l]fVfsbf nc¦lv ydvsÛv idvyfqj.


zfv nIv sKsj dIsv nf[fskv nmq iv±ivsj mczfbfjf jvf dhsLq. zfbfn � hstb, `bhD �-ˆv nfrfhfoB pJb zfsifsn nf[f{ jvskb,

kJb mcnfIfrfr jvskb ˆhQ pJb nIv sKsj dIsv zfnskb, kJb mczfbfjf jvskb.' (k¶fhfvfbD, mfumf…p pfWqfsql 8/36)

2. zisvv hfdV iashsw zbcmdk sbWqf zisvv hfdV iashw jvsk rst kfv zbcmdk dbsk rsh. mrfb zfïfr k]fv

djkfshv nCvf bCv 27-28 zfqfsk ˆv dhLfb dlsqsYb. …dyk bq, jfsvf hfdVv lvufv snfufncdu l]fVfsbf. jfsvf hfdVv dHkv

lxdóifk jvf zKhf …]djU]cdj smsv slJf ydvÛhfsbv jfu bq. lvuf zKhf ufbftf dlsq, vf²Àf sKsj zKhf zbA hfdVv Yfl hf ufbftf sKsj, ofY hf ofdVv …iv sKsj jfsvf hfdVv dHksv buv dlst buvhfsuv syfJ Icdesq slWqf ShL jvf rsqsY.

zfïfrv vnCt � hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb n©ialfsqv oxsr kfslv zbcmdk bf dbsq …]dj smsv slsJ sn hAdÙÁv syfsJ (dTt Yc]sV) kfsj jfbf j'sv slWqf kfslv ubA ShL rsq pfq.« (hcJfvD 6888, mcndtm 2158bQ, zfhC lf…l, bfnf„)

3. vf²Àf ytfv zflh 1. pmDsb ytfsIvf jvfv nmq zrQjfv ialwGb jvf, dbsusj drsvf W

zivsj dusvf ˆhQ Èv¢sj ov¢ msb jsv zhÎfv nfsK dhyvB jvf zHû, znHA W so]fqfv stfsjv dblwGb. zfnst ˆjub mcndtm rq Hû W dhbqD. mrfb zfïfr kfv ytfv ÈB hBGbf jsv hstb,

7�>�:'ن�7א�XK<&�7%א��8+>�7%�9و�7<�7�د:{&��F�7��9ض<�FA�7'>��אf7.:-:�و7(9ذ7א��Fh�7G�7ن'@�>f�7S�א�א'@��Fd��#�F�7�{� �zKGf{, zfv kfvf vrmfsbv hf¦lf, pfvf pmDsbv hcsj bmaHfsh ytf-dIvf jsv

ˆhQ zÎ hAdÙÁvf kfslvsj nsìfLb jvst (…si[f jsv) hst, nftfm. (nCvf Icvjfb 63 zfqfk)

i[f§Àsv ydvÛwCbA zrQjfvDvf ŠÝskAv nfsK vf²Àf yst, rfdnmcsJ jKf hst bf, sofmVf mcJ ialwGb jsv, isK jf…sj nftfm dlsk yfq bf ˆhQ nftfsmv …Ùv dlskW zfoar slJfq bf.

mrfb zfïfr tcjmfb rfjDsmv …islw …sïJ j'sv hstb, }�F�7�7?�>�و�:/�FJ8�7G�98�س!�>��F�7��9و��<�7/��p�>b��9ض<�FA��71(9ن7�7#�8+��א�Kא��F��_��>2:&��8��@u��7�ل<�:#��':�Fb{)�١٨�(��ن��'R��

zKGf{, kcdm (zrQjfvhsw) mfbcNsj mcJ h]fjfsqf bf (zhÎf jsvf bf) ˆhQ


ixdKhDsk …ÝkHfsh dhyvB jsvf bf. dbÇyq zfïfr iaskAj lfd©Hj zrQjfvDsj Hfstfhfsnb bf. (nCvf tcj¶mfb 18 zfqfk)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, }Fe7�9و�<�7/�p>b�9ض<�F7�7#+��א��F}8�9)�%F��7ض�7/�7>�9ق<�Fא��%F�77�ل�7/�7>�@®�7و�>S�א�e'@h{)�٣٧�(

ªHC-ixsô l©HHsv dhyvB jsvf bf, kcdm skf jJsbfƒ ilHfsv HC-ixô dhlDBG jvsk ifvsh bf ˆhQ …¤ykfq kcdm jJsbfƒ ihGk-iamfB rsk ifvsh bf.« (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 37)

zfïfrv vnCt � hstb, ªˆjlf (iChGhkDG …©mskv) ˆj hAdÙÁ ˆjsufVf sifwfj isv, ohGHsv, mfKf zf]ysV zrQjfsvv nfsK ytf-sIvf jvdYt. ƒkAhnsv zfïfr kfv (ifsqv bDsyv mfdesj) Ldnsq dlstb. nckvfQ sn djqfmk dlhn ipG§À mfdev oHDsv sbsm spskƒ Kfjsh.« (hcJfvD 5789, mcndtm 2088bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ msb msb odhGk rsh zKhf ytsb zrdmjf iajfw jvsh, sn hAdÙÁ pJb zfïfr kfzftfv nfsK nf[f{ jvsh, kJb dkdb kfv …iv sÛÁfLfdb¶k Kfjshb.« (zfrml, hcJfvDv zft-zflfhct mcIvfl, rfsjm 1/160, nrDùt ufsm' 6157bQ)

hù mfbcN zfsY, pfvf zrQjfsvv nfsK dbu tcdÌ, ifqufmf hf iAf¦eX o]fsev dbsy Ucdtsq isv vf²Àfq sY]yXsV dbsq shVfq, kfslv hAfifsv mrfbhD � hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zrQjfsvv nfsK kfv jfiV (mfdesk) sY]yVfq kfv dlsj zfïfr kfdjsq slJshb bf.« (hcJfvD 5784bQ, mcndtm 2085bQ)

4. svfoD slJsk pfWqf zfïfrv vnCt � hstsYb, ªmcndtsmv …iv mcndtsmv 5de zdLjfv vsqsY;

(kfv msLA ˆjef rt,) svfoDsj nf[f{ j'sv nf§À¶bf slWqf.« (hcJfvD 1240, mcndtm 2162bQ)

svfoDsj nf[f{ jvsk sost mrfb zfïfrsj nf[f{ jvf rq. (mcndtm 6721bQ)

zfïfrv vnCt � hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb svfoDsj nf[f{ j'sv duÎfnfhfl jsv zKhf kfv sjfb dtïfrD (zfïfrv n§Âdó tfsHv …sÜswA ëfkxk¶²¿fib jsv snƒ) Hfƒsj nf[f{ jsv, sn hAdÙÁsj ˆj (ofqhD) zfrhfbjfvD zfrhfb jsv hst, `ncJD rW kcdm, ncJjv srfj skfmfv ‰ pfÛf (nf[fskv ubA pfWqf). zfv skfmfv ²¿fb srfj ufâfskv iafnfsl.« (dkvdmpD, ƒhsb mfufr, ƒhsb drêfb, nrDr dkvdmpD 1633 bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªpJbƒ sjfb hAdÙÁ náAfshtfq sjfb svfoDsj nf[f{


jvsk pfq, kJbƒ kfv nfsK 70 rfufv dIdvñf shv rsq njft ipG§À kfv ubA zfïfrv dbje [mf iafKGbf jvsk Kfsj. zfv sp hAdÙÁ njftshtfq svfoDsj slJf jvsk zfsn sn hAdÙÁv nfsK W 70 rfufv dIdvñf shv rsq náAf ipG§À kfv ubA zfïfrv dbje [mf iafKGbf jvsk Kfsj.« (zfrmfl, ƒhsb mfufr, hfƒrfjD, iamcJ, nrDùt ufsm' 5717 bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ svfoDsj nf[f{ jvsk pfq, sn zfnst dIsv bf zfnf ip�G§À ufâfskv It kctsk Kfsj.« (zfrmfl 21868, mcndtm 2568,

dkvdmpD 967bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ svfoDsj nf[f{ jvsk pfq, sn zfnst

vrmsk dhyvB jvsk Kfsj. zk}iv sn pJb (svfoDv dbjse) hsn pfq, kJb vrmsk ²¿fqD rsq pfq.« (zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 522bQ)

kfrst ˆmb jfu dj sjfb ydvÛhfsbv bf rq?

5. ufbfpfq zQwoarB jvf ydvÛhfb icv¢sNv ˆjde n¤ydvÛkf rt, sj… mfvf sost kfv ufbfpfq zQw

oarB jsv. spsrkc zfïfrv vnCt � hstsYb, ªmcndtsmv …iv mcndtsmv 5de zdLjfv vsqsY; (kfv msLA ˆjef rt,) ufbfpfq zQwoarB jvf.« (hcJfvD 1240, mcndtm 2162bQ)

ufbfpfq zQwoarB jvst ivjft ±mvB rq. zfv ydvÛhfsbv ˆjef zfyvB rt ivjftsj nlfnhGlf ±mvsB vfJf. iv§Â snƒ zQwoarsB vsqsY dhwft nWqfh.

zfïfrv vnCt � hstsYb, >.��K�7�:&��7+17��87:#�7وFu7�ن�7و7א+><�7x�->�<�:#��7Z9)��"�7!7�ز�F�7א/7�8[%7#�7>((F�7��7غ:�y7&7�7��#<�%>��و.>!b7د�18�9,Fb�:]>x<�7&�<%>#�9�<xFA��9%א< Fh7א¦>R>"�_�@u7אط��¦>d�:�<=>#��:+@$�<%7#7و��K��73��7.< F�7��8-�:��7]�7x7��7��<�Fd�<نF$�7%Fb<�:/�:18�9,Fb�:]>x<�7&7אط��¦>R>".((� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ „mfsbv nfsK ˆhQ sbjD tfsHv zfwfq ufbfpfv zbcomb jsv kfv bfmfp W lfIb rWqf ipG§À …id²¿k Kfsj, sn hAdÙÁ lcƒ j¶Dvfk nWqfh dbsq dIsv zfsn. iaskAj j¶Dvfk …ùl ifrfV nmkctA. zfv sp hAdÙÁ kfv bfmfp iVf ipG§À zsi[f jsv, sn hAdÙÁ ˆj j¶Dvfk nWqfh dbsq dIsv zfsn.« (hcJfvD 47bQ)

6. mudtsnv zflh ydvÛhfb nhGlf Hfstf mudtsn hsn. zfv pJb sjfb mudtsn hsn, kJb


zfïfrv dpjXv jvsk W k]fv bhD �-ˆv …iv lv™l iVsk Hct jsv bf. ydvÛhfb nhGlf Hfstf stfsjv nfKD rq. ydvÛhfb nfKDv nfsK …Ef-hnf

jsv. jfvB mfbcN pfv nfsK …Ef-hnf jvsh, sn zhwAƒ kfv äfvf djYc bf djYc iaHfhfd¦hk rsh. zfv sn ubAƒ jfsvf jfsY hnfv zfso susb sbWqf …dyk, sn Hfstf stfj dj bf?

zfïfrv vnCt � hstb, ªmfbcN kfv hácv äDsbv zbcnfvD rq. nckvfQ skfmfslv iaskAsjv slJf …dyk sp, sn jfv nfsK háck¶ jvsY.« (zfrmfl 7968, zfhC lf†l 4833, dkvdmpD 2378, dntdntfr nrDrfr, zfthfbD 927bQ)

ydvÛhfb ˆmb ufqofq hsn bf, spJfsb hnst ifi rWqfv zfwËf zfsY. mrfbhD � hstb,�ªJhvlfv! skfmvf vf²Àfv Lfsv hsnf bf. zfv ˆjf§Àƒ

pdl hnskƒ rq, kfrst kfv rj zflfq jsvf.« stfsjvf duÎfnf jvt, `vf²Àfv rj dj? sr zfïfrv vnCt!' dkdb htstb, ªlxdó�nQpk vfJf, jf…sj jó�slWqf rsk dhvk Kfjf, nftfsmv uhfh slWqf, n{jfsuv zfslw W m¦l jfsu hfLf lfb jvf (ˆhQ iKëósj iK hst slWqf).« (zfrmfl, hcJfvD, mcndtm, zfhC lf†l, nrDùt ufsm' 2675 bQ)

zbcv™i hfdVv Yfsl hf ˆmb …]yc ufqofq hnskW dbsNL jsvsYb zfmfslv zflwG bhD mcrf©mfl �. (slJcb } dntdntfr nrDrfr 6/14-15)

ydvÛhfb mudtsn ˆsn jf…sj …dEsq kfv ufqofq hsn bf, jf…sj hnfq bf. mudtsn lcde stfj (zfk¹Dq hf hác) ˆjsÛ hsn Kfjst, sn dosq kfslv mfsU hsn …Hsqv mfsU dhd¤Yâkf nxdó jsv bf.

Hû mfbcN mudtsn …id²¿k rsq spJfsb mudtn swN rsqsY, snJfsbƒ hsn pfb. OfV dFdMsq mfbcNsj jó slq bf.

ydvÛhfb ivjDq jKfq jfbfdy ifsk bf. jfvB kf jvst djqfmskv dlb kfv jfsb odtk nDnf Tftf rsh. (hcJfvD 7042bQ)

mudtsn iaotXH rsq iafq nhGlf nh jKfsk, rfdnv jKfsk ˆhQ zrfdnv jKfskW `srf-srf, rf-rf' jsv rfnf ShL bq. mrfbhD � hstb, ªskfmvf shwD shwD srsnf bf. jfvB, zdLj rfdnsk r™lq mfvf pfq.« (ƒhsb mfufr 4193bQ)

mudtsn Kfjfjfst sO… sO… jsv sTjcv skftf …dyk bq. sTjcv ˆst pKfn©Hh wè lmb jvf …dyk. spsrkc stfsjvf kf iY¦l jsv bf. sTjcsvv nfsK ˆmb oAfn shv rsk ifsv, pf stfsjslv bfsj Jfvfi tfso.

mudtsn hnfv nmq zflshv nfsK Kfjcb. pfsk stfsj zfibfsj Jfvfi Hfsh sn vjm jfu jvshb bf. spmb jfsvf dlsj if jsv hf if smst hnshb


bf. lcusbv ufqof ˆjf dbsq hnshb bf. nDe hf sedhstv …iv if kcst hnshb bf. l]fk hf bfj J]ceshb bf. rfWqf YfVshb bf. jfsvf rfWqf YfVf ðsb rfnshb bf. spsrkc mrfbhD � jfsvf rfWqf YfVf ðsb rfnsk dbsNL jsvsYb. (nrDùt ufsm' 6896bQ) dkdb hstsYb, ªskfmfslv sj… sp jfu dbsuW jsv sn jfsu rfsn sjb?« (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 3242bQ)

mudtn sKsj …sE yst pfWqfv nmq nftfm dlsq pfb.

7. rfƒ W r]fdyv zflh mrfbhD � hstb, ªdbÇyq zfïfr r]fdysj iY¦l ˆhQ rfƒsj ziY¦l

jsvb. nckvfQ skfmfslv msLA sj… pJb r]fdy smsv `zftrfmlc dtïfr' hst, kJb iaskAj snƒ mcndtsmv …dyk, sp snƒ rfmXl swfsb sn spb kfv …sÜswA `qAfvrfmcjfïfr' hst. i[f§Àsv rfƒ rt wqkfsbvƒ kvI sKsj. nckvfQ skfmfslv sp sj… pJb rfƒ skfst, kJb sn spb kf pKfnfLA lmb jsv. spsrkc skfmfslv sj… pJb rfƒ skfst, kJb wqkfb rfsn.« zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªskfmfslv sj… pJb `rf-rf' hst, kJb wqkfb rfsn.« (hcJfvD 6223, 6226, mcndtm 2994bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªskfmfslv sj… pJb rfƒ skfst, kJb sn spb dbu mcsJv …iv rfk svsJ sbq. sjbbf wqkfb kfsk iashw jsv Kfsj.« (mcndtm 2995bQ)

8. zfLcdbj uDhsbv djYc zflh 1. sedtsIfb hf smfhfƒstv dvQ nfLfvB vfJcb. zhwAƒ sjfb iajfv

dm…duj hf ofb tfdosq vfJshb bf. zfpfb W jcvzfbW tfofshb bf. jfvB kf zidhÛ ufqofq shsu …esk ifsv. ˆ YfVf mndusl hf lsnG sost dvQ há vfJcb. zfibfv smfhfƒt äfvf zivsj jó dlshb bf hf dbu kKf zisvv ƒhflskv msbfspfo W ˆjfoakf bó jvshb bf.

iv§Â ƒhflskv ufqofq pdl dvQ há jvsk Hcstƒ pfb, kfrst iaKm dvQ rWqf mfÛ nfsK nfsK há jsv sItcb. bfmfp zh²¿fq rstW kf sYsV vfJshb bf. jfvB, kfsk zfibfv nfsK iafq njt bfmfpDv msbfspfo dhd[å rsq pfsh.

2. svdFW ðbcb, dj§Â ofb-hfubf swfbf sKsj zhwAƒ lCsv Kfjcb. dedH slJcb, dj§Â ofb-hfubf ðbshb bf. zShL djYc slJshb bf. dHdFW jAfsmvf, dHdnqfv, dHdndF ƒkAfdl p§Ã Jch nfhLfsb hAhrfv jv¢b.

ˆnh p§Ãsj lfWqfdk jfsu hAhrfv jv¢b. ksh nfhLfb Kfjshb, pfsk `hfk Hfstf jvsk dosq jcôhAfdL' bf rsq hsn.


3. zfLcdbj pcso jd©i…efv ˆjde zfÇypG dudbn. ˆdesjW zfidb zfibfv …ijfsv hAhrfv jv¢b. ksh ƒ¦efvsbe hAhrfv jv¢b Jch nkjGkfv nfsK. spsrkc kfsk mLcW zfsY ˆhQ dhNW.

4. ofdV yftfst zdk nfhLfbkfv nfsK yftfb. eºfdIj zfƒb zhwAƒ smsb ytcb. ziv nfƒsF sjfb ofdV KfjX hf bf-ƒ KfjX zfibfv dwoXbAft oaDb bf rst zfidb kf zdkÛÁm jvshb bf. zhwA oaDb rstW zbA nfƒF HfstfHfsh slsJƒ ifv rb, jfvB zfƒb HÌjfvD mfbcsNv zHfh sbƒ.

mfÛfdLj ±iDsF ofdV yfdtsq dbsuv kKf zisvv uDhbsj mvsBv dlsj sEst dlshb bf.

svfsF ziv ofdV hf iKyfvDv sJqft zhwAƒ vfJshb. isKv zdLjfv njtsjƒ psKfdykHfsh ialfb jvshb. …dykHfsh nfƒF slshb. Jhvlfv svfsF jfsvf nfsK iadkspfdokfv msbfHfh dbsq zfso spsk syóf jvshb bf. zfibfv ofdVv rsbG Ocm§À, svfooa²À hf ƒhflkvk sjfb hAdÙÁv dF±efhG jvshb bf. vfsk nfmsb ofdV Kfjst srF-tfƒe u¶fdtsq vfJshb bf.

ofdV yftfsbf ˆjde sbrfkƒ sebwsbv jfu. nckvfQ zisvv Hcstv nfsK zfibfv iaycv SLspGv lvjfv.

ˆjub mcndtm rsh ˆkƒ zflwGhfb sp, kfv mfLAsm zbA stfsj sjfb iajfv jó ifsh bf.

htf hfùtA, ofdV yftfsbf Jchƒ nkjGkf W hV n¤ydvÛkfv jfu.

ydvÛhfsbv jvBDq W huGbDq zfsvf djYc jfu zfïfrv Hfo jvf HfsoA zn§Âó rWqf ydvÛhfsbv zflwG rsk ifsv bf. Ivp bfmfp kAfo jvf, nmq ifv jsv bfmfp iVf, stfj sldJsq ƒhflk

jvf, ucmzfr W ufmfzfk kAfo jvf, pfjfk bf slWqf, lfb jsv sosq shVfsbf, nfmfbA Wpsv svfpf bf vfJf, Ivp rWqf nsÙ¶W rÏ bf jvf, ƒtXm zbcpfqD zfmt bf jvf ƒkAfdl zfyvB ydvÛhfsbv bq.

ydvÛhfb ofb-hfubf swfbf, sbfQvf dI¬mX, zShL sJtf W bfej-pfÛf slJf sKsj dhvk Kfsj.

jKfq jKfq zdHwfi hf Jfvfi HfNf hAhrfv jsv bf. ydvÛhfb LDv W wf§À rq. sjfb dhNsq kfVfùVf jsv bf. sn stfHD rq bf. tftnf Kfsj bf kfv msbv dHksv. ydvÛhfb dbsusj dbsu n©mfb slq. zKGf{ dbsuv n©mfb dbsu v[f jsv.


ˆmb jfu jsv bf, pfsk kfv n©mfb v[f rq bf. jfsvf oDhk jsv bf. ycotD jsv bf. lc'mcsJ jKf hst bf. ydvÛhfb isvv jfY sKsj swfbf Jhv pfyfƒ j'sv slsJ. Hû stfsjvf vebf W Èush jfb slq bf. iaskAj dhNq HfstfHfsh hcUfv

iv m§ÀhA jsv. dhkdjGk dhNq, hAdÙÁk¶ hf ufmfzfskv hAfifsv jVf m§ÀhA jvf sKsj lCsv Kfsj.

nkjG mfbcN ˆj is[v jKf ðsb dhyfv jsv hf vfq dlsq hsn bf. rj jKf hst, ksh sjZwstv nfsK.

dbsuv Hct öDjfv jsv ˆhQ zisvv jfsY [mfiafKGD rq. spZK Hcstv hAfifsv dbsusjƒ zdLj slfNfsvfi jsv ˆhQ isvv OfsV slfN yfdisq dbsusj h]fyfsk yfq bf. jfsvf Û¢de slJst nvfndv kfsj zfOfk jsv bf.

ydvÛhfb dbsuv lfdqk¶ pKfpKHfsh iftb jsv. jkGhA iftsb sjfb iajfv zhsrtf hf I]fdjhfdu jsv bf.

ncwDt mfbcN dbsuv …iv zf²¿f vfsJ. zfk¹dbHGvwDt rq. iv-iakAfwD rq bf. pkƒ zHfh W lc}J-³lbA zfncj, sn ivmcJfsi[D rq bf. tÏfwDtkf kfsj jfsvf jfsY rfk ifksk hfLf slq.

ydvÛhfb jfiGBA jsv bf. zfshofi½ck rq bf, syfJ há j'sv jf…sj jfsIv hst bf.

n¤ydvÛhfb mfbcN zdHmfbD rq bf, jKfq jKfq mfƒà j'sv hsn bf. sn jfsvf nfsK dhw¶fnOfkjkf jsv bf. iafB rkAf jsv bf. pkƒ jó srfj

zfkrkAf jsv bf. ydvÛhfb pfstm rq bf. sn jf…sj zimfb W zil²¿ jsv bf. ydvÛhfb sjfb iajfv mfljûhA snhb jsv bf. ml, HfQ, o]fuf, zfdIm, ycv¢e,

dnofsve, dhdV, ulGf, kfmfj, Èt, sofvfjc, ³JbD ƒkAfdl hAhrfv jsv bf. Hû mfbcN nkA iakAfJfb jsv bf. jfvB kf ˆj iajfv zrQjfv. sn jf…sj EfÕf hf hAÌ-dhû™i jvf sKsj nclCsv Kfsj. ydvÛhfb ucqf (I¾fw) sJtf, tefvD sJtf, lfhf, ifwf, kfn, sjvfm, tcFc,

dHdFW som ƒkAfdl nmq bójfvD sJtf sJst bf. sn ˆkDsmv mft H[B jsv bf, ovDshv rj smsv Jfq bf. sjf©ifdb hf

nvjfvD n©idÙ zKhf mndul-mfûfnf, Hfƒ-shfb hf zbA sjfb mfbcsNv udm-ufqof zbAfqHfsh hAhrfv W sHfo jsv bf. isvv udm yfN j'sv Hfso I]fdj slq bf.

ycdv jvfv jfu dj ydvÛhfsbv rsk ifsv? isvv n©il zfk¹nf{ jvf dj


ydvÛhfsbv jfu rsk ifsv? udm-ufqof lfdhsq sbWqf, Ocn JfWqf, nCl JfWqf, iB hf spZkcj sbWqf

n¤ydvÛhfb mfbcsNv zfyvB rsk ifsv bf. Wusb sbWqfv nmq shwD ˆhQ slWqfv nmq jm slWqf, hAhnfq W sp

sjfb hAfifsv dmKAf jnm JfWqf, mfbcNsj sL]fjf slWqf, ufdtqfdk jvf, mfst sHuft slWqf, jnm j'sv mft dhdÛÁ jvf, iasqfusbv

nmq mft Èlfmufk jsv vfJf ydvÛhfsbv zfyvB bq. dmKAf zihfl slWqf, dmKAf nf[A slWqf, nf[A sofib jvf, zdnqk iftb

bf jvf ƒkAfdl sKsj lCsv Kfsj ydvÛhfb. icv¢sNv lfdV y]fYf, snfbf W svwmh²Ã hAhrfv jvf, icv¢sNv o]fsev dbsy

jfiV Ucdtsq ivf, dhufdkv zbcjvB hf nflxwA zhtìb jvf ƒkAfdl nc¦lv ydvsÛv zfyvB bq.

mdrtfv shilGf rWqf, ôfbf icv¢N YfVf kfv ˆjfdjbD nIv jvf, ë™-i½fj jvf, ivyctf hAhrfv jvf, ycstv sJ]fif h]fLf, slr slso bÆf jvf, l]fk OsN I]fj I]fj jvf, dhisl mfkm jvf ƒkAfdl nc¦lv ydvÛhkDv zfyvB rsk ifsv bf.

n¤ydvÛkfv idvdL

n¤ydvÛkf mfbcsNv ³hqfdÙÁj W nfmfduj uDhsb idvhAå. zfïfr-HDdk, iawQnbDq dhNqfbfndÙÁ, zfwfhfdlkf, nmq W dbqmfbchdkGkf ƒkAfdl ÈBfhtD mfbcsNv hAdÙÁok uDhbsj nmxÝ jsv. spmb nkAhfdlkf, nrbwDtkf, zfmfbklfdv, ³LpGwDtkf, spZb-idhÛkf, [mfwDtkf, …lfvkf, nfrdnjkf, dhbq, iadkwa¢dk iftb, zfdksKqkf, svfoDsj nf§À¶bflfb iaHxdk nlfyvBÈdt nfmfduj uDhbsj nc…âk jsv.

…Hq idvdLv jKf mrfbhD � ˆjde rflDsnƒ hAÙÁ jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb, �))��>"�:%>#<o�:&�7'�:f78:�1:�و >!7#�>1�>/A7�Fb�،�FM�8!F�7�7א�G<��:&7�9،�و��<�F$�8�7+F$�<%7#ن>�&:�9%7��7¢7v<+7vא�!8��

�>1< F�9)��7/<o:&�<نF$�_�>2:&��>XKא�!8�س�9א��F�9)�>WA7 �))�.و7א� 7'م�9א�G<��9،�و7� �ªsp hAdÙÁ iY¦l jsv sp, kfsj ufrfâfm sKsj lCsv vfJf srfj ˆhQ ufâfsk

iashw jvfsbf srfj, kfv mvB spb ˆmb zh²¿fq rq sp, sn zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv iadk „mfb vfsJ ˆhQ zsbAv iadk ˆmb hAhrfv slJfq, pf sn dbsuv ubA iY¦l jsv.« (mcndtm 4882bQ)

ƒntfmD n¤ydvÛkf mfbcsNv uDhsb sjht …dïdJk lcde idvdLskƒ nDmfhÝ


bq. hvQ snJfb rsk zfsvf lCv idvdLsk kf idvhAå. nckvfQ n¤ydvÛkf spmb mfbcsNv nfsK mfbcsNv zfyfv-hAhrfsv iasqfo jvsk rq, skmdb mfbcN W kfv iadkiftsjv mfsUW kfv iasqfo zfsY. iasqfo zfsY mfbcN YfVf zbA uDh-u§Âv s[sÛW. ˆƒ ubA iasqfo drnfsh n¤ydvÛkfsj 4 Hfso Hfo jvf pfq }-

ˆj } mfbcsNv dbsuv mfsU n¤ydvÛkfv iasqfo lcƒ } mfbcN W kfv iadkiftsjv mfsU n¤ydvÛkfv iasqfo dkb } mfbcN W zbA mfbcsNv mfsU n¤ydvÛkfv iasqfo yfv } mfbcN W zbAfbA nxdóv mfsU n¤ydvÛkfv iasqfo mrfb ydvsÛv zdLjfvD mrfbhD � ˆjde rflDsn iaKsmfÙÁ dkb iajfv

n¤ydvÛkf iasqfsov jKf hAÙÁ jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb, ))9k8/�71אK7��א��:=< 7+�7;<!@u�<]>�</F$7و�FM7~? 7�>2:.7��א�FM7!7�72�א��8/�<k>��7G7א�!8�س�7و�k@�:�>"�%7�7+.((� �

ªkcdm spJfsbƒ Kfj zfïfrsj Hq jv, ifi jvst nfsK nfsK icBAW jv; pfsk ifi smfyb rsq pfq ˆhQ mfbcsNv nfsK nc¦lv hAhrfv jv.« (zfrmfl 21354, dkvdmpD 1987, rfsjm 178, nrDùt ufsm 97bQ)

…ÙÁ rflDsn n¤ydvÛkfv dkbde mrfb bDdk …dïdJk rsqsY. iaKm bDdk } ªkcdm spJfsbƒ Kfj zfïfrsj Hq jv.« ˆƒ bDdksk mfbcNsj kfv iadkiftsjv nfsK yfdvdÛj nlfyvB iasqfo

jvsk htf rsqsY. sn nhGlf nhG jKf W jfsu sofisb W iajfswA k]fsj Hq jvsh. spsrkc dkdb nhGlf kfsj slJsYb ˆhQ kfv jmGfjmG iakA[ jvsYb W sbfe j'sv vfJsYb. ˆ s[sÛ mfbcN ifi sKsj dhvk Kfjsh ˆhQ dbu zfk¹fv …âdkv jfsu zfk¹dbsqfo jvsh. zfv kfv ydvsÛ W hAhrfsv Kfjsh bf sjfb mcbfdIjD hf jiekf, ncbfm W ncJAfdk zuGsbv stfH, iawQnf jcVfhfv ƒ¤Yf ƒkAfdl.

däkDq bDdk } ªifi jvst nfsK nfsK icBAW jv; pfsk ifi smfyb rsq pfq.«

ˆ bDdk mfbcsNv dbu uDhsb yfdvdÛj jkGshAv jKf kfjDl jsv. kfsk vsqsY zfk¹ðdÝ, ³bdkj zh[q sKsj mcdÙÁ, n{ W nHA mfbcN rWqfv lfhD. dbsusj idhÛ W idv¤Yâ vfJfv dbslGw.

kxkDq bDdk } ªmfbcsNv nfsK nc¦lv hAhrfv jv.« ˆ bDdk mfbcNsj mfbcsNv nfsK hAhrfsv yfdvdÛj jkGhA nìsá nkjG jsv.

mfbcsNv nfsK hAhrfv spb Hfstf rq, zfyvB nHA W nc¦lv rq. mrfbhD � hstsYb,


�»Fe�8%8�:�7/�،��7א+F$�Fe77ن�8و�>R<27/��~< 7a�7%>#�>� >��m�>�7�<!:#��>1وN�FC:/�FJ�7GF$�7;<�F$7-�7وF$7ن>�א��7>�:وF�9)��F}�:.<x7و�7 >;Fb�7,9ن>�א��8�ق��F�9)�>�<�>��9(9ز7א��FJ7و7א�>Fb[>�א��7>�:و�<�#<%�7ذ�F}>�7(9ن8"F$��F�9,�Fb��9%< �7�<�FC�א��FJ��8&9)7و7(�9>��7�ل��7و�9� �Fb�7%>#�>MF,7.8�9��א]9ز7א>�7� ��Fe�_�>2:&�FMFא��71Kو7(9ن�8א�>�7�77��F}7א#>�:\�و7(9ن�9א�a�FJ7�8 �7��و7�7>"��:-�F�<�7&��F}� >b��F��Fb�:�<�? 7�:/��7�>"�:-F�<�7/�>1 >b��7�8�9,Fb�:و7"7�ل�F}>�71<�ذ< F�7�«�.� �

ªkcdm Jhvlfv jf…sj ofdt dlsqf bf. sp sjfbW Hfstf jfusj kc¤YÎfb jsvf bf. skfmfv Hfƒsqv nfsK JcwDHvf syrfvf dbsq jKf ht, ˆdeW ˆjde Hfstf jfu. skfmfv tcdÌ ifsqv vtfv zLGfQsw …dEsq iv. kf pdl zöDjfv jv, kfrst o]fe ipG§À bfdmsq iv. zfv nfhLfb! tcdÌ o]fsev dbsy Ucdtsq isvf bf. jfvB kf zrQjfsvv zftfmk. iv§Â zfïfr zhwAƒ zrQjfv iY¦l jsvb bf. pdl sjfb stfj skfmfsj ofdt slq ˆhQ ˆmb slfN Lsv skfmfsj tÏf slq, pf skfmfv msLA zfsY hst sn ufsb, kfrst kcdm kfsj ˆmb slfN Lsv tÏf dlsqf bf, pf kfv msLA zfsY hst kcdm ufb. kfv shfUf snƒ hrb jv¢j.« (zfhC lf†l 4086, nrDùt ufsm' 7309bQ)

dbsuv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf

dbsuv uDhsb mfbcN ydvÛhfb rsh zfisl-dhisl ³LpGLfvB jsv. zSLpG rsq sjfb zSbdkj jfu bf j'sv, nrbwDt rsq, jsmG ³bicBA ialwGb j'sv, jfu jvsk dosq kfVfùVf bf j'sv, jfsu drjmk zhtìb j'sv ƒkAfdl. ³hqfdÙÁj uDhbsj bfbf nlfyvB äfvf iawQnf-nmxÝ j'sv osV skftf dbsuv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf iasqfo jvfv wfdmt. (mfjfdvmct zfJtfj¶ 21ix})

zbcv™i dbsuv mfb dbsu v[f jvf, dbsusj ufrfâfm sKsj v[f jvf, dbsuv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf iasqfo jvfv z§ÀHGcÙÁ.

mrfb zfïfrv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf mfbcsNv iadk n©mfb W HdÙÁ iajfw jvf ydvÛhfb mfbcsNv ÈB. kfrst

mrfb iadkiftjsj dhw¶fn jvf, k]fsj Hq jvf, k]fv bhD W djkfhsj dhw¶fn jvf mfbcsNv n¤ydvÛkfv t[B zhwAƒ.

zfïfrv nfsK n¤ydvÛkfv hdr}iajfw iaLfbk} jsqjHfsh rsq Kfsj }- 1. k]fv slWqf njt Jhsv dhw¶fn vfJf, k]fv Jhsv sjfb iajfv ns¦lr

sifNB bf jvf. spsrkc mrfb nxdójkGf zsi[f shdw nkAhflD zfv sj rsk ifsv? dkdb hstsYb,


��א��1<�#<%3�7>�7ق:$�Fو%7#7>{)��٨٧(}+�7<&=��א��3F$�7%>#�>1>�7ق:�و%7#7>{>d{)�١٢٢�(��א�!��' �ªjKfq zfïfr zsi[f zdLj nkAhflD sj zfsY?« (dbnf } 87, 122) 2. k]fv njt zfslw-dbsNLsj dbdäGLfq iftb jvf. nckvfQ sj… pdl k]fv

sjfb zfslw iakAfJAfb hf …ïQOb jsv zKhf sjfb dbsNL zhÎf hf …si[f jsv, sn ydvÛhfb rsk ifsv bf.

3. k]fv dhdLv dhLfbsj n§Âó dysÙ W ³LspGv nfsK hvB jvf. ydvÛhfsbv jfu rt, sn k]fv HfoA-dhLfsbv jfsY zfk¹nmiGB jvsh, kfsk sjfb iajfv zdHspfo zfbsh bf. kfsk ³LpGLfvB jvsh, zns§ÀfN hf s[fH iajfw jvsh bf. kfsk sjfb mÌt zfsY ufbsh, rf-ùkfw jvsh bf W dbvfw rsh bf.

dbu Hfo W HfsoAv hAfifsv k]fv yCVf§À Ifqnftfsj mfKf sisk smsb sbWqf rt k]fv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf ialwGb jvfv z§ÀHGcÙÁ.

dbÇyq sn ydvÛhfb bq, sp mrfb iadkiftsjv zhfLAfyvsB dtå Kfsj. p]fv Jfq-isv, k]fv zhfLAfyvB jvf dj ncydvÛhfsbv t[B rsk ifsv. sp zâlfkfv jxkOkf jsv, k]fv zfbcoskA zrQjfv ialwGb jsv ˆhQ dbu sJqftJcwD zbcpfqD yst sn dj ydvÛhfb rsk ifsv? zfslZ bf.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }<-@C:.F�9)�\1F�9)�\�>+�7و7א%&>XK��Fb�Fe�7ن':!>#<o:&�>�7�>G��>"�-:.:"'@�@d�m�7�>C!_#�-:f7ون�7و:�>�C7<�_#�{)�٢٢�(� �

ªskfmfslv …ifnA ˆjj …ifnA; nckvfQ pfvf zfsJvfsk dhÇhfn jsv bf, kfslv z§Àv nkA dhmcJ ˆhQ kfvf zrQjfvD.« (bfrXt } 22)

kfrst kfvf dj ydvÛhfb rsk ifsv? smfseƒ bf.�

dikfmfkfv nfsK nlfyvB ydvÛhfb bfvD-icv¢sNv ˆjde t[B rt, dikfmfkfv nfsK nlfyvB W

näAhrfv jvf. zfv ˆv dbslGw dlsqsYb sJfl mrfb iadkiftj. dkdb hstsYb, ��]٨:�א��!��W'�C[�}�و7و837 >!7��א�<�>�7�ن�7"<'7א�<�7&>1<�+:�>!��{ �

zKGf{, zfdm mfbcNsj kfv mfkf-dikfv iadk näAhrfv jvsk dbslGw dlsqdY. (nCvf zfbjfhCk 8 zfqfk)

dkdb zfsvf hstb, ��7��KeF$�F}_"7/�7>�:�:وא�(��9{ Fd7و>��وF$��7�:f:��7+F$�7��7�>C�א�FJ7�<!>��8%7r@�<�7&��8#9)��7�<+9)�9%<&7�>9&8��:�و7"<��'7א�)�Ke

�7x��7!7��7¢א�X_ل?�#<��7%:.F��<�>y<Gو7א��Z9�Fu�e<'Fd��7�:.F��<�@d77��و�:f<�7.<!7/�e7و��@$��7�:.F��<�@R7/��Fb��7�:f�>u7+<��7?�א�<�@d7و�>M7�7"8 r73�p>��7<¦א�א��8+>��7�Fu��7�:.<��]�٢٤−�٢٣:�א]��א��[�} �


zKGf{, skfmfv iadkiftj dbslGw dlsqsYb sp, skfmvf dkdb YfVf zbA jfsvf …ifnbf jvsh bf ˆhQ dikf-mfkfv iadk näAhrfv jvsh; kfslv ˆj ub zKhf …Hsqƒ skfmfv uDhÜwfq hfLGsjA …ibDk rst kfslvsj dhvdÙÁnCyj djYc hstf bf ˆhQ kfslvsj H{Gnbf jsvf bf; hvQ kfslv nfsK hstf n©mfbnCyj bma jKf. zbcj©ifq kfslv iadk dhbqfhbk sKsjf ˆhQ hstf, `sr ‚mfv iadkiftj! kfslv …Hsqv iadk lqf jv; spHfsh ³wwsh kfvf ‚mfsj iadkiftb jsvsY.' (nCvf hfbD ƒnaf„t 23-24 zfqfk)

…ÙÁ dbslGw-hfBD sKsj ±ió rq, dikfmfkfv nfsK näAhrfv jvsk rsh. kfslvsj dhvdÙÁnCyj jKf htf pfsh bf. sjfb Hct j'sv sItstW sjfb iajfv H{Gnbf jvf pfsh bf. kfslv nfsK HûHfsh W bmancsv jKf htsk rsh. kfslv mcsJv …iv mcJ slWqf pfsh bf. Hfstfhfnf, waÝf W HdÙÁsk kfslv dbje dhbqfhbk Kfjsk rsh. kfslv ubA lczf jvsk rsh. kfslv iadk jxkÎ rsk rsh. kfslv dbmjrfvfdm jvf pfsh bf. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}��p�>��<�@C�<aن�9אF$�9%< 7#�7��p>b�:1@��7�>b7و�%<f7و��F�7��!<f71:�$@#_1:�و<F�7��و7و837 >!7��א�<�>�7�ن�7"<'7א�<�7+�>1<&7��ن��[}و�7<'7א�<�7&>{R�:�١٤[� �

zKGf{, zfdm skf mfbcNsj kfv dikf-mfkfv iadk nlfyvsBv dbslGw dlsqdY. ubbD jsóv iv jó hvB j'sv n§Àfbsj osHG LfvB jsv ˆhQ kfv ²ÀbAifb YfVfsk lc'hYv zdkhfdrk rq. nckvfQ kcdm zfmfv iadk W skfmfv dikf-mfkfv iadk jxkÎ rW. (nCvf tcjmfb 14 zfqfk)

dikfmfkfv nfsK näAhrfv ydvÛhfsbv n¤ydvÛkf sjb rsh bf? kf sp mrfb zfïfrv ƒhflskv iv nhGswaô zfmt. ˆmbdj bIt durfslv yfƒskW swaô jmG.

zfècïfr ƒhsb mfn†l � hstb, zfdm bhD �-sj dusÎn jvtfm, `sjfbX zfmt zfïfrv dbje zdLj diaq?' dkdb htstb, ªpKf nmsq bfmfp zflfq jvf.« zfdm httfm, `kfviv sjfbXde?' dkdb htstb, ªdikf-mfkfv iadk näAhrfv jvf.« zfdm httfm, `kfviv sjfbXde?' dkdb htstb, ªzfïfrv isK durfl jvf.« (hcJfvD 527bQ, mcndtm 262bQ, dkvdmpD, bfnf„)

dikfmfkfv nfsK lchGAhrfv lcÇydvÛ n§Àfsbv znlfyvB sjb rsh bf? kf sp


mrfb zfïfrv ƒhflsk dwjG jvfv iv nhGdbjxó zfmt W mrfifi. ˆmbdj iafB rkAfv yfƒskW dbjxó jmG W mrf zivfL.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, �))�:�>��7�FCس:�:�א�':�7rא��:�>�7 �<�،�وR:�7@'ق:�א�'7א�<�7&>%�9،�وFd7>�:�א�!�Ty8،�و7א��>"�@J7א�<a[א.((� �

ªjfhDvfr ÈbfrnmCr rs¤Y, zfïfrv nfsK wvDj jvf, dikf-mfkfv zhfLA rWqf, iafB rkAf jvf ˆhQ dmKAf jnm JfWqf.« (hcJfvD 6675, 6870bQ)

zfv snƒ Èbfr W zivfsLv wfd²À ydvÛrDb n§Àfb djqfmskv iCshG lcdbqfskW sisk ifsv. spsrkc mrfbhD � hstsYb,

��#:��8S7ن�9"7�"7�ن9((:.:7"'@R:�� )).'ق:وא��:R@�א��p<r7:�א��_�> �ªlcde (ifi) lvuf ˆmb vsqsY, pfv wfd²À lcdbqfskƒ k¶vfd¦hk jvf rq;

dhsûfr W dikf-mfkfv zhfLAfyvB.« (rfsjm 7350, nrDùt ufsm' 2810bQ) r]Af, lcdbqfskƒ zhfLA n§Àfsbv n§Àfbvf kfv zhfLAkf jvsh. spmb jmG,

skmb IttfH jvsh sn dbsuv swN uDhsbW. ˆj hAdÙÁv hfi dYt hxÝfwasm. mxkcA-wpAfq sn swN hfsvv mskf slJfv ubA

sYstsj sFsj ifEft. sYst hfsiv swN ƒ¤Yf djYc zfsY dj bf duÎfnf jvst sn htt, `zfmfv v¢smv ˆƒ IAfbef Jfvfi rsq sosY hfhf, dEj j'sv dlsqf.' sYst htt, `kcdm skf ystƒ pfsh, ksh zfhfv IAfb dEj j'sv jD rsh?' hfi htt, `jfvB skfmfsjW ˆsn Kfjsk rsh skf, kfƒ hst yttfm!'

zfv ivjfst dikfmfkfv zhfLA n§Àfb shsrwXsk pfsh bf. spsrkc mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))mM7��7و��e�7ن'@�:G<�7&�FM8!F�7وא�@�>#<%:��<'7א�<�7&>1<�א��ق_�א��<�F8�ن:�א�!Fوא��>"��Fl<�$.((� �ªdkb hAdÙÁ shsrsñ pfsh bf; dikf-mfkfv bfIvmfb sYst, mlifsb zHAfnD

mfkft ˆhQ lfb jvfv iv sp hst W ohG jsv shVfq ˆmb sJ]feflfbjfvD hAdÙÁ.« (zfrmfl 6180, bfnf„v jchvf 2343, rfsjm 2562, nrDùt ufsm' 3071bQ)

hV rkHfof sn n§Àfb, sp ufâfk jfsY sisqW iashw jvsk ifvt bf. ufâfskv lvuf dybsk Hct jvt zKhf …Edk spZhsbv …¦mflbf zKhf zbA djYc hf sj… kfsj ufâfskv lvuf sKsj lCsv ndvsq dbsq sot. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

��$Fو>��((�:f��7+F$�،�9��7�>C7'&�1<��<!>��7א�"$�FJ7�7|<-�$�7>�:�،��:-�8�7|<-�7$�>�:�#7%>�$د>��8-:��،�:��F$�7->|7�:G<�7&�<-F�Fb��7�. �>u�FM8!F�9א��.((

ªkfv bfj LCdtLCndvk srfj, zk}iv kfv bfj LCdtLCndvk srfj, zk}iv


kfv bfj LCdtLCndvk srfj, sp hAdÙÁ kfv dikf-mfkfsj hxÝ zh²¿fq sit; ˆjubsj zKhf lc'ubsjƒ. zk}iv sn (kfslv dJlmk j'sv) ufâfk spsk ifvt bf.« (mcndtm 6674bQ)

��$�$و�وא��&�1$د��Jو#%((f�+��G�b��)).א��Ab"��א�!� �`sp hAdÙÁ kfv dikf-mfkfsj zKhf kfslv ˆjubsj uDdhkfh²¿fq sit

zKy kfsj slfpsJ spsk rsh, zfïfr kfsjW lCv jv¢b.' (ƒhsb drêfb 907, nrDr kfvoDh 996bQ)

r]Af, dikfmfkfv hfLA Kfjst kshƒ ufâfk tfH rsh n§Àfsbv. pdlW kfslv zfbcokA jvsk dosq dbsuv öfsKG Of isV, n©islv [dk rq, hácsk¶ hfLf isV, ²ÃDv ncJ-n§Âdóv [dk rq.

mczfp dhb ufhft � hstb, ˆjlf ˆj hAdÙÁ bhD � ˆv dbje ˆsn htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfsj ˆmb zfmt dwdJsq slb; pf jvst zfdm ufâfk iashw jvsk ifvh.' dkdb htstb,

))Fe�J9�<�:/�K��>">1��<و7(9ن� �~ a�7;<"?X:��7;d?�:+7و�<]>hF$7و�F}<&7�>و(ن�و7א��J�x�G$��%�#��}��#��%�#و��u��pa�'f�،}��Fe7و�>J:�<7/�F�F�8א�א��?�7�7:#�:18�9,Fb�<%7#�FJ7�7/�F�F�8א��א��?�7�7:#��<��FRFb��<;�7�9�7"��:1�<!>#�@M8#>1<�ذKא��.((� �

ªkcdm zfïfrv nfsK sjfb djYcsj wvDj (zQwD) jsvf bf; pdlW skfmfsj sn hAfifsv wfd²À slWqf rq ˆhQ icdVsq smsv sItf rq. skfmfv mfkf-dikfv zfbcokA jv; pdlW kfvf skfmfsj skfmfv Lb-n©il ˆhQ nm²À djYc sKsj lCv jvsk yfq. zfv ƒ¤Yfjxk bfmfp kAfo jsvf bf; jfvB, sp hAdÙÁ ƒ¤Yfjxk bfmfp kAfo jsv kfv …iv sKsj zfïfrv lfdqk¶ …sE pfq.« (k¶fhfvfbDv zf…nfk¶ 7956, nrDr kfvoDh 569bQ)

dikfmfkfv …isv ²ÃDsj iafLfbA slWqf pfsh bf. snƒ jdEb mcrCskGv nmq ydvÛhfb sYstsj „mfbD ivD[f dlsq dikfmfkfv nfsK nlfyvB jvsk rsh ˆhQ ²ÃDv nfsKW ƒbnfI jvsk rsh. ²ÃD rsjv iadkjCst rst kfsj iasqfusb huGbW jvsk rsh.

ˆj hAdÙÁ zfhC lfvlf �-ˆv dbje ˆsn htt, `zfmfv ˆj ²ÃD zfsY. zfmfv mf kfsj k¶ftfj slWqfv dbslGw dls¤Yb.' zfhC lflGf htstb, zfdm vfnCtcïfr �-sj htsk ðsbdY,

�))F}>ذ��<]>sAFb�،�7;<~>a�<ن,Fb�،�>M8!F1:�א�'7א�<�:�$و>��7@�$">'7א�<�א�zFy<+و�אF$�،�7��7א��.((� �ªdikf-mfkf ufâfskv lcqfvnmCsrv msLA nhGswaô lcqfv. nckvfQ kcdm pdl


yfW, kfrst ˆ lcqfvsj bó jv zKhf kfv v[Bfsh[B jv.« (dkvdmpD 1900bQ)

ksh zfbcoskAv s[sÛ mrfbhD �-ˆv ˆ dbslGw zhwAƒ msb vfJsk rsh, ))e�FM7��Fh�7>�@'ق��>��p>b�<�7#>M7 >��9k>��7��א.((� �

ªnaófv zhfLAkf jsv sjfb nxdóv zfbcokA sbƒ.« (k¶fhfvfbD 14795, zfrmfl 20653bQ)

nckvfQ ƒbnfsI dikfmfkfv slfN Kfjst zhwAƒ ²ÃDsj huGb jvf pfsh bf. zfv kJbƒ n§Àfbsj tfdE mfUJfsb Lsv vfJfv syóf yfdtsq spsk rsh. bsy{ dikfmfkf jó sist kfvf pdl n§Àfsbv …iv hÜczf jsv, kfrst susb vfJf Hfstf sp, kf zhwAƒ Itsh. spsrkc vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb,

�))��8%9. >b�K}7a�Fe�W�7"�7S7<�:#��Wد7�7'7א�:§F�7��:��@�7'�<�7�9،�و7د�>b�7��@م�9،�و7د�7>�'�7@�א�'@�zFد�7>'�7@�א��>�>�F�7و��F�7��>�>א�'7א�.((� �

ªdkb usbv lczf ns¦lrfkDkHfsh oxrDk rq } (1) dbpGfdkk hAdÙÁv lczf, (2) mcnfdIsvv lczf ˆhQ (3) sYstv ubA mfkf-dikfv (lczf hf) hÜczf.« (zfhC lf…l 1538, dkvdmpD 1905, 3448, ƒhsb mfufr 3862, dntdntfr nrDrfr 596bQ)

sjb bq? dikfmfkf n§Àfsbv iadk n§Âó Kfjst sp mrfb iadkiftjW kfv iadk n§Âó Kfsjb. zfv kfvf zn§Âó Kfjst dkdbW zn§Âó Kfsjb. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))�7s9��FJ7א��8?��7�7/��F��7�7/7و�p>b��7s9��.))א�'7א�<�<��p>b�>�7�7א��8?�و�7�7�7@�،�א�'7א�<�<� �ªdikf-mfkfv n§Âdósk vsqsY zfïfr kfhfvfjf zkfzftfv n§Âdó, zfv

kfslv zn§Âdósk vsqsY k]fv zn§Âdó.« (dkvdmpD 1899, rfsjm 7249, hfppfv 2394, k¶fhfvfbD, dntdntfr nrDrfr 516bQ)

zhwA zfêfv kctbfq zf©mfv mpGflf shdw n§Àfsbv jfsY. zf©mf sp n§Àfb iftsb shdw jó jsv. zf©mfƒ n§Àfsbv iadk shdw mfqf jsv. kfƒ zfêfv kctbfq zf©mfv vsqsY 3 ÈB shdw mpGflf.

ˆjde stfj vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv dbje ˆsn dusÎn jvt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfv jfY sKsj näAhrfv ifWqfv shwD rjlfv sj?' dkdb htstb, ªskfmfv mf.« sn htt, `kfviv sj?' dkdb htstb, ªskfmfv mf.« sn htt, `kfviv sj?' dkdb htstb, ªskfmfv mf.« sn htt, `kfviv sj?' dkdb htstb, ªskfmfv hfi.« (hcJfvD 5971, mcndtm 6664bQ)

ƒntfm v[fv ubA durfl ˆjde Èv¢k¶iCBG zfmt. dj§Â kf bIt rst kfv


kctbfq dikfmfkfv snhf rt shdw Èv¢k¶iCBG. mczfdhqf dhb ufsrmfr nctfmD hstb, ˆjlf ufsrmfr � bhD �-ˆv dbje

ˆsn htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfdm durfl jvh mb²¿ jsvdY, kfƒ zfibfv dbje ivfmwG dbsk ˆsndY.' ˆ jKf ðsb dkdb htstb, ªskfmfv mf zfsY dj?« ufsrmfr � htstb, `r]Af'. dkdb htstb,

))�7.<#7v��Fb�89ن,Fb�FM8!7S�7��/27>;�7א.< F�<x9�.((� �ªkfrst kcdm kfv dJlmsk zdhyt Kfj. jfvB, kfv ilkst skfmfv

ufâfk vsqsY.« (zfrmfl 15538, bfnf„ 3104, ƒhsb mfufr 2781, hfƒrfj¶D 18288, rfsjm 2502bQ)

mf-hfi jfsIv rst äDsbv hAfifsv kfslv zfbcokA jvf pfsh bf. dj§Â kfslv nfsK näAhrfv jvsk rsh. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

>F$�FJ9�<�:/�p>"��7#�7Tن��7�7f�7x��7א�FJو7(9ن{F��F}F��>1>"�\-�>��Fb�F��7�:.<�>l:/��7��א��_�> �p>b��7و737�+<�>.:�b�7و7א/�8<[>�#�7>�:و� >�7��<%7#�7��7�F$�8pF�9)�8-:��8pF�9)�<-@C:�>x<�7#�-@C:~?�7�@AFb��7�>"�<-:!@u�7�7@'ن��ن)��١٥(}/�7>R��

ªskfmfv dikf-mfkf pdl skfmfsj zfmfv zQwD jvsk iDVfiDdV jsv, sp dhNsq skfmfv sjfb Îfb sbƒ, kfrst kcdm kfslv jKf mfbA jsvf bf, ksh ixdKhDsk kfslv nsÌ nßfsh hnhfn jv ˆhQ sp hAdÙÁ zfmfv zdHmcJD rsqsY kfv iK zhtìb jv, zk}iv zfmfvƒ dbje skfmfslv iakAfhkGb ˆhQ skfmvf pf jvsk, zfdm sn dhNsq skfmfslvsj zhdrk jvh.« (tcj¶mfb } 15)

zfnmf dhs§À zfhC hfjXv dnÜDj (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbùmf) hstb, bhD �-ˆv pcso zfmfv zmcndtm mf zfmfv jfsY ˆt. zfdm bhD �-sj dusÎn jvtfm; httfm, `zfmfv mf (ƒntfm) ziY¦l jvf zh²¿fq (zfmfv n©islv stfH svsJ) zfmfv dbje ˆsnsY, zfdm kfv nfsK n©ijG hufq vfJh dj?' dkdb htstb, ªr]Af, kcdm skfmfv mfsqv nfsK n©ijG hufq vfJ.« (hcJfvD 2620, 3183, 5979, mcndtm 2371-2372bQ)

hfi-mfsqv mfsU sjfb dhhfsl sjfb ˆj is[v jKf ðsb kfv i[ zhtìb jvf ˆhQ ziv i[sj slfNfsvfi jvf …dyk bq n§Àfsbv. spsrkc dhhfslv jfvB ˆmb sofib rsk ifsv, pf n§Àfsbv jfsY iajfw ifWqf hfÒbDq bq. zfv snƒ s[sÛ zbA i[sj jec jKf htf zKhf kfv oDhk jvf zKhf …Hsqv mfsU ycotD jvf ³hL bq.

hkGmfsbv sYstsmsqvf nvfndv mf-hfisj ofdt slq. sn pcso dlk bf. zfècïfr ƒhsb zfmXv ƒhsb zfn (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbùmf) hstb, ˆjlf vfnCtcïfr � htstb, ªjfhDvfr ocbfrnmCsrv ˆjde rt zfib dikf-mfkfsj


ofdt slWqf.« dusÎn jvf rt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfib dikf-mfkfsj dj sjfb hAdÙÁ ofdt slq?' dkdb htstb,

�))�:18#@$�_�:�7 Fb�،�:18#@$�_�:�7&7�7:�_�$"7��،�و Fb�،�9�:x87��א��"F$�_�:�7&�،�<-7�7�.((� �ªr]Af, sn stfsjv dikfsj ofdt-oftfu jsv, kJb snW kfv dikfsj ofdt-

oftfu j'sv Kfsj ˆhQ sn zsbAv mf-sj ofdt slq, nckvfQ snW kfv mf-sj ofdt slq.« (hcJfvD 5973, mcndtm 273bQ)

nckvfQ ydvÛhfb n§Àfb dikfmfkfsj nvfndv ofdt skf slqƒ bf, iv§Â zisvv dikfmfkfsj oftfofdt j'sv kfslvsj ofdt JfWqfq bf.

zsbj nmq kvdhqk-dhsvfLD jfu jsv sYst-smsqvf. Ist stfsjvf kf slsJ kfslv dikfmfkfsj ofdt slq. sn sJqftW jvf …dyk ydvÛhfb sYst-smsqslv.

dikfmfkfv ƒd§Àjfstv iv k]fslv zfk¹Dq-hácslv nfsK ncn©ijG hufq vfJfW ydvÛhfb sbj n§Àfsbv jkGhA. ˆƒ ubA n{-mf hf n{-hfisj Hfstfhfnf ˆhQ kfslv nfsK ncn©ijG hufq vfJfW ydvÛhfsbv nc¦lv zfyvB. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))�>1 �))�.(ن��$"�8�7א�½?�$ن>�&�7<��7א��x8:�:�و:د$�8" �ªdikfv mxkcAv iv kfv hácslv nfsK n©ijG hufq vfJf nhsysq hV sbjDv

jfu.« (mcndtm 6677-6679bQ) k]fslv ok rWqfv iv k]fslv bfsm nljf jvf ydvÛhfb ncn§Àfsbv jfu.

spmb nfrfhD nf'l dhb …hflfr � k]fv dmJvfsIv hfofb dbu mfsqv bfsm nljfr jsvdYstb.' (hcJfvD 2756bQ iamcJ)

ydvÛhfb sYstv zfyvB ˆ rsk ifsv bf sp, sn kfv ²ÃD-n§Àfb dbsq Hfstf hfdVsk ncsJ hfn jvsh ˆhQ kfv hxÝ dikfmfkfsj zyt hfdVsk vfJsh zKhf hxÝ-sJ]fqfsV svsJ zfnsh.

sn ²ÃD-n§Àfb dbsq ncsJ Kfjsh ˆhQ u¦mlfkf W iftbjkGf dikfmfkf swN hqsnW v¢pDv náfsb idvwam j'sv shVfsh zKhf dH[f j'sv shVfsh.

ƒmfm ƒhsb rfpXm (vfdrmfùïfr) hstsYb, `dikfmfkfv ˆv sKsj hV bfIvmfdb zfv jD rsk ifsv sp, sYst LbD rsh, zfv kfv hfi, lflf hf bfbfsj stfsjv hfKv¢m idv°jfv jvsk zKhf ið-iftb jvsk zKhf vf²Àf UfVc dlsk zKhf jfiV Lcsk hfLA jvsh. kfv mf, lflD hf bfbDsj stfsjv Osv ife jvsk zKhf vf²Àfq ifdb (hf zbA djYc) dhdÛÁ jvsk hfLA jvsh. ˆ jfsu dbÇyq sn n§Àfb mrfb zfïfrv ˆƒ dbslGswv dhsvfLD, pfsk htf rsqsY,


ªzbcj©ifq kfslv iadk dhbqfhbk Kfjsh.« (zft-mcrfïf 10/108) mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw rt, n§Àfb mf-hfsiv hfLA W zbcok Kfjsh. zfv sn

dbslGw iftb jvst kshƒ sn ydvÛhfb n§Àfb rsh. sYstslv yfƒsk smsqvf zhwAƒ lchGt, kfƒ kfvfƒ shwD mf-hfsiv hfLA Kfsj. hfsiv zbcmdk YfVf kfslv dhhfr rq bf. dj§Â snƒ smsqslv hAfifsv jD htshb, pfvf iftbjkGf mf-hfsiv hcsj tfdK smsv ˆhQ ofst ycb-jfdt dlsq syfsvv mskf ifdtsq dosq vdnj bfosvv nfsK hAdHyfsvv Ov h]fsL?�

n§Àfsbv nfsK nlfyvB

n§Àfsbv nfsK näAhrfv jvf ydvÛhfb dikfmfkfv zbAkm mr{ jkGhA. n§Àfbsj ncn§Àfbv™si osV kctsk rsh. zfïfrv zfslwÛÁsm n§Àfb-n§Àdksj slfpsJv zfÈb sKsj v[f jvsk rsh. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

}�7&��7._&F$�7%&>XKא�7#4!:'א�א�'@d�<-@C7�@y�F$�<-@C >�<fF$7א�و��7��7f:د'@d7�7@�و7א�א�!8�س:�و��7S>2��7.< F�7��mM�FC>��F�7#�m¬�F�>|�\7אد�>a��F��7�71&�7>�:'نK7#��א��<-:f7�7#F$�7�7@'ن�y7&7�7:ون�7#7��و#<o:&{)�٦�(��א�`�2&-��' �

ªsr mcdmboB! skfmvf dbsuslvsj ˆhQ skfmfslv idvhfv-idvubsj snƒ zfÈb rsk v[f jv, pfv�ƒáb mfbcN W ifKv, pfv dbq§ÃBHfv zdiGk zfsY dbmGm-r™lq jsEfv-öHfh dIdvñfosBv�…iv, pfvf zfïfr kfslvsj pf zfslw jsvb, kf zmfbA jsv bf ˆhQ pf jvsk zfdló�rq kfƒ jsv.« (kfrvDm } 6)

kfYfVf zfmfslv iaskAsjƒ lfdqk¶wDt. zfv n§Àfsbv lfdqk¶wDtkf n©isjG djqfmsk iaw jvf rsh. kfƒ nlfyfvD rsq n§ÀfbsjW ydvÛhfb hfbfhfv Èv¢-lfdqk¶ nc¦lvHfsh iftb jvsk rsh dikfmfkfsj. zfv kfv ubA dbsmfÙÁ …islwmftf smsb ytcb }-

1. n§Àfsbv nc¦lv slsJ bfm vfJcb. znc¦lv bfm svsJ sYst-smsqsj tÏf slshb bf.

2. pKfnmsq sYstv kvI sKsj 2de W smsqv kvI sKsj 1de ið zfjDjf jv¢b.

3. pKfnmsq sYstv Jkbf jvfb. 4. †LG¶is[ iCBG 2 hYv kfsj mfsqv lcL ifb jvfb. mfsqv lcsLv sjfb

dhj¬i sbƒ. 5. nhGiaKm kfsj jfstmf dwdJsq dlb ˆhQ „mfbD hDu hib jv¢b kfv

r™lq-msb. 6. nfk hYv hqn rst kfsj bfmfspv zfslw jv¢b. lw hYsv bfmfspv


ubA iarfv jv¢b ˆhQ sYst-smsqv dhYfbf ixKj jsv dlb. 7. nc¦lv ydvÛ dw[f dlb. dwðv iajxdk hV ö¤Y W zbcjvB-diaq. sn

zfibfslv idvshw W ydvÛ zbcpfqD osV …Esh sn sJqft vfJshb. 8. njt iajfv zn¤ydvÛkf sKsj lCsv vfJshb. 6. n§Àfsbv ubA jKfq jKfq; JcwD zKhf vfsov nmq drlfqfskv lczf

jv¢b. zfv sjfb nmqƒ hÜczf jvshb bf. jfvB n§Àfsbv rsÄ mf-hfsiv lczf jhct rq. zfv kfsk zfibfslv dbsuvƒ [dk.

7. sYstslv nfmsb mfduGk jKfhfkGf htshb. jfvB, kfvf skf zfibfslv HfNf ðsbƒ jKf htsk dwJsh. sbfQvf jKf htshb bf. kfslv nfmsb öfmD-²ÃD UoVfW jvshb bf Jfvfi jKf hst. kfslv nfsK dmKAf jKf htshb bf.

8. n§Àfsbv ubA dbsu zflwG W bmcbf rb. zfv susb vfJcb, `lcL ÈsB dO, mf ÈsB dU. zfef ÈsB v¢de, mf ÈsB shde. spƒ mk sjflft rsh snƒ mk yfi, snƒ mk shef rsh spƒ mk hfi.' nfLfvBk} ˆv™iƒ rsq Kfsj.

9. sYstslv nfmsb ödhsvfdLkf sKsj lCsv Kfjcb. zfidb spef jsvb, kf jvsk n§Àfbsj dbsNL jvst ItianC rsh bf.

10. kfslv nfsK sjfb Wqflf jvst Wqflf iCvB jv¢b. jJsbf Wqflf HÌ jvshb bf.

11. Ov sKsj njt iajfv zw½Dtkf lCv jv¢b. zw½Dt Ydh, dHdFW, dedH ƒkAfdl Osv vfJshb bf. hfƒsvW slJsk slshb bf. bsy{, kfsk kfslv iVfswfbf pfsh, ydvÛW pfsh.

12. ifvst w½DtkfiCBG dndF hf jAfsne ˆsb vfJsk ifsvb. ofb-hfubf W zw½Dtkf-hduGk dndF-jAfsne rt hkGmfsb mcndtmslv dhj¬i h²Â.

13. spZb-sykbfv nfsK nfsK spZb zivfL sKsj lCsv vfJfv wkHfsh syóf jv¢b. sJqft vfJcb, pfsk kfvf ³bdkj zh[sqv dwjfv bf rsq isV.

14. kfslvsj smrbkD W jmGE rsk zHAfnD hfbfb. JfWqf-ivfsk mLAm Lvsbv uDhbpfisb zHAfn jvfb. njt iajfv dhtfdnkf sKsj lCsv vfJcb.

15. kfslv hqn zbcpfqD hAhrfv idvhkGb jv¢b. sYst hV rst kfv nfsK skmdb hAhrfv jv¢b, spmb jsvb Hfƒsqv nfsK.

16. kfslv hAfifsv …lfnDb rshb bf. kfslv sJ]fu-Jhv dbb. sjfKfq pfq-zfsn, sjfKfq vfdÛhfn jsv, kfslv hác sj ƒkAfdl kl§À j'sv slJcb. ksh r]Af, kfslv iadk dhw¶fn rfvfshb bf ˆhQ shwD dhw¶fnW j'sv hnshb bf.

17. n§Àfsbv sYfe Hctsj hV j'sv slJshb bf. pk ifsvb, [mf ialwGb jv¢b.


18. spmb Hct, dEj skmdb wfd²À iasqfo jv¢b. `tOc ifsi Èv¢ là' hAhrfv jvshb bf. mwf mfvsk jfmfb lfoshb bf. bsy{, `hua z]fecdb Injf sosvf' rsq pfsh. r]Af, spmb lcdbqfv jfsuv ubA kfslvsj mfvLv jsvb, skmdb äDsbv jfsuv ubAW nmfb sJqft vfJshb.

19. Jhvlfv wfnsbv hAfifsv kfslvsj iawaq slshb bf. ²ÃDvW …dyk bq, zfidb wfnb jvst kfv iawaq slWqf zKhf sYst-smsqv sjfb ifi sofib jvf. skmdb ²ÃD wfnb jvst zfibfvW zfwjfvf slWqf …dyk bq.

20. kfslv iVfswfbfv ubA Hfstf õct shsY dbb. Jhvlfv ˆmb õcst slshb bf, spJfsb kfslv zfjDlf shäDsbv hf dhufdkv zfjDlf rsq pfq.

21. pKfn©Hh sYstsmsqv nfsK hfn jv¢b ˆhQ kfslv sKsj lCsv Kfjshb bf. bfbf jfsuv Ufsmtf W hA²Àkfv mfsU kfslv ubAW zfibfv djYc nmq hAq jv¢b.

22. mndul, uftnf W ƒtXmD mudtsn kfslvsj nfsK dbsq …id²¿k rb. 23. dhsqv hqn rst sYst-smsqv dhsq dlb. bsy{ kfvf sjfb ifi j'sv

hnst zfibfslvW ifi rsh. 24. HvB-sifNB, snr-iaDdk, …irfv W lfsb njstv mfsU ƒbnfI hufq

vfJcb. n§Àfb ˆj ²ÃDv srfj zKhf ˆjfdLj ²ÃDv, dikfv jfsY njstƒ nmfb. 25. kfslv iadk snrwDt rb. mmkf ialwGb jv¢b. 26. jbAf n§Àfb iadkiftsb shdw pk dbb. pfsk kfv sjfb il±Jtb bf

Ose pfq ˆhQ ncifÛ kfv HfsoA sufse. ˆv ubA vsqsY dhwft mfrfk¹A. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�$Fو>��7�ل%7#�7>(( 9%< 7 >F$�9%و>�"F�7��W�7!7�§�7א">!77<G@$�<وF$�7§�F�7��W7'7אGF$��87+�7%<:�7!>.:�8%&7�:'F$�7Wو>�&7��:;<!@u��7�F$�7':f7�9و%< 7/�7.Fu�7��7aF$71<�و< 7�:�<3@A>"�>M7"�8�8א��Fl<�:'�و7א.((� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ lcde zKhf dkbde jbAf, djQhf lcde zKhf dkbde shfb kfslv mxkcA zKhf dhhfr, zKhf nfhfdtjf rWqf ipG§À, djQhf ‰ hAdÙÁv mxkcA ipG§À pKfKG iadkiftb jsv, sn hAdÙÁ zfv zfdm (ivjfst) kuGbD W mLAmf zÌcdtäsqv mk ifwfifdw zh²¿fb jvh.« (zfrmfl 12498, dntdntfr nrDrfr 296 bQ)


öfmDv nfsK näAhrfv

ydvÛhkD öfmD-snfrfdobD bfvD öfmDv nfsK näAhrfv jsv. pk nc¦lv ydvÛ-ÈB zfsY öfmDv nfsK iasqfo jsv.

1. ydvÛhkD ²ÃD öfmDv zfslw iftb jsv. kfv msbv dhsvfdLkf jsv bf. sn spmb hst, skmb yst. zhwA ³hL dhNsq, zShL dhNsq bq. öfmDv zbcokf rWqf shsrwXkD ²ÃDv idvyq.

diaq bhD � hstb, 7�>��7.7�،��א��K�73��@�F$<��7;<�(9ذ7א(G��<;7#��7377�،��وf7�<.�7a��<;7!8��7+7�7.7�،��وx<�Fb��<;�7��FhF$7�7�،��و.F�<�7"�<;F�7G7د�<%>#�?�F$�>7א�'<"F$�>M8!7S�א�<W7��7a.(� �

ªvmBD kfv i]fy WqfsÙÁv bfmfp iVst, vmpfsbv svfpf iftb jvst, ƒÏskv drIfpk jvst W öfmDv kfshlfvD jvst ufâfskv sp sjfb lvuf dlsq ƒ¤Yfmk iashw jvsk ifvsh.« (k¶fhfvfbD, ƒhsb drêfb, zfrmfl iaHxdk, dmwjfk 3254bQ)

ˆmb ÈBhkD rt nhGswaô ²ÃD. mrfbhD � hstsYb, ):�< 7G�>��?!א��p>K�7(ذא�/�7:�_�:�א��Fz7��:1�:� >l:/7��7��7(ذא�و#$�e1:��و�@y>��:/��.>��y7��eو��.>��#��>"�:�7�C7&.(� �

ªnhGswaô vmBD snƒ, pfv iadk kfv öfmD lxjifk jvst sn kfsj sJfw jsv slq, sjfb zfslw jvst kf iftb jsv ˆhQ kfv uDhb W n©isl öfmDv ziY¦lbDq dhv¢ÝfyvB jsv bf.« (zfrmfl, bfnf„, rfsjm, dn} nrDrfr 1838bQ)

ksh zfbcoskAv s[sÛ mrfbhD �-ˆv ˆ dbslGw zhwAƒ msb vfJsk rsh, ))e�FM7��Fh�7>�@'ق��>��p>b�>M7 >�<�7#�9k>��7��א.((� �

ªnaófv zhfLAkf jsv sjfb nxdóv zfbcokA sbƒ.« (k¶fhfvfbD 14795, zfrmfl 20653bQ)

2. ydvÛhkD ²ÃD öfmDsj spmb Hfstfhfsn, skmdb waÝfW jsv. spsrkc ²ÃDv dbje öfmDv mpGflf dhvfe. ˆƒ mpGflfv jKf ƒntfm dbsu sOfNBf jsvsY. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

�7��א�!?��7��Fd��F�7'8א#:'ن�7א��?7x�ل:{>"�7�8 Fb�:17.:�א�� <�7"<-��F�7��<�7"��7� }$F#>'7א�<.RFy�F$�<%>#�<-9@'א�و7"<zKGf{, icv¢N bfvDv jkGf. jfvB, zfïfr kfslv ˆjsj zisvv …iv swaôk¶

lfb jsvsYb ˆhQ ˆ ubA sp icv¢N (kfslv ubA) Lb hAq jsv. (dbnf } 34)


öfmD ðLc ²ÃDv jkGfƒ bq, hvQ sn kfv dnulfspfoA wasÝq W mfbbDq. ksh zfïfr YfVf zbA jf…sj dnulf spsrkc rfvfm, kfƒ ƒntfsm kfsj dnulf jvsk zfslw slWqf rqdb. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

)<'F��:;<!@u��7א�#4<��א�+F$�<نF$�7�:S<�7&��7+FA>��:W<�7#FAF��F�F$<�7��).�<7vو>F$�7�:S<�7/��7.>xن>�א� �ªpdl zfdm jf…sj jfsvf ubA dnulf jvsk zfslw jvkfm, kfrst

bfvDsj zfslw jvkfm, sn spb kfv öfmDsj dnulf jsv.« (dkvdmpD, dmwjfk 3255bQ)

diaq bhD � hstb, ª²ÃDv ubA öfmD kfv ufâfk zKhf ufrfâfm.« (ƒhsb zfhD wfƒhfr, bfnf„, k¶fhfvfbD, rfsjm, iaHxdk, zflfhcp dpIfI 285ix})

zKGf{, ²ÃD öfmDv zhfLA rst ivjfst kfv ²¿fb rsh ufrfâfsm. zfv hfLA rsq kfsj sJfw vfJsk ifvst kfv ²¿fb rsh ufâfsk.

²ÃDv …iv öfmDv ˆk hV mpGflf W zdLjfv vsqsY sp, pkƒ sn kf iafBiB dlsq zflfq jvfv syóf jv¢j, idviCBGv™si kf zflfq jvsk n[m bq. `zk ifdv bf' hst sp ²ÃDvf mcJ Ocvfq, bfj h]fjfq zKhf sjfb Wucrfsk hf Ythfrfbf jsv öfmDv dJlmsk I]fdj slq, kfvf ydvÛhkD ²ÃD bq.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, )>#%�7+?k�8v�7وج9א��F��77زxو�7#��د�7�ل��7�7(ن�1<<وFd��2 �W>د��FbF��727�:1`�>"��>�7�>��7.��7#��F$8&�א��73و�77+KR:1.(� �

ª²ÃDv jfsY öfmDv ˆmb zdLjfv zfsY sp, ²ÃD pdl öfmDv slsrv Of sy]seW Kfsj, khcW sn kfv pKfKG rj zflfq jvsk ifvsh bf.« (rfsjm, ƒhsb drêfb, ƒhsb zfhD wfƒhfr, n} ufsm' 3148 bQ)

zbA ˆj rflDsn dkdb hstsYb, �7v7/�M7ل>��F->�،�ز7و>F��:-F�<�7/��7#�_k7+��7.>x'>�א��Fb�F�F$<�7,9ن8(...>��Fd��7#�7�7 7+�:�: :�:�|7�Fא �).و7�7�7� �

ªmdrtf pdl dbu öfmDv rj (pKfKGv™si) ufbskf, kfrst kfv lcicv zKhf vfskv Jfhfv sJsq swN bf jvf ipG§À sn (kfv ifsw) l]fdVsq Kfjskf.« (k¶fhfvfbD, n} ufsm' 5259bQ)

siam-Hfstfhfnfv mfsUƒ ˆk hV iafiA zdLjfv öfmDv. zfLcdbjfvf kf öDjfv bf jvstW sn zdLjfv zflfq bf jvf ipG§À dbu nxdójkGfv zdLjfv zflfq jvsk ifvsh bf sjfb bfvD. sn zdLjfv tQdOk rst ˆhQ öfmD [mf bf jvst mrfb zfïfr ²ÃDsj [mf jvshb bf. ˆmb smsqslv äfvf zfib iadkiftsjv rj zflfq rq bf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

)�>XKو7א��:Ty7��8�F �>�>�7 >"�Fe��?7دo:/�@�F$<�F�8א�k7+��7.?"7��1K�@u��87+�<'F:�ز7و>o:/�8k7+��7.>xد?��87+�7


�7.F�FA7��7.7�y7��7p>f7و��F�7��7Fd�<-F��:1<�7!<�7/.(� �ªkf]v wiK pf]v rfsk mcrf©mslv iafB zfsY! bfvD kfv iadkiftsjv rj

kk[B ipG§À zflfq jvsk ifsv bf, pk[B ipG§À bf sn kfv öfmDv rj zflfq jsvsY. nWqfvDv disE KfjstW pdl öfmD kfv dmtb yfq, ksh sn hfLf dlsk ifvsh bf.« (ƒhsb mfufr, zfrmfl, ƒhsb drêfb)

3. ydvÛhkD ²ÃD öfmDsj nhGskfHfsh n§Âó vfJfv syóf jsv ˆhQ kfsj sjfb iajfv jó slq bf.

zsbj ²ÃD LbD hst Lsbv oshG öfmDsj ifÙf slq bf. nmsq dJlmk jsv bf, iasqfusb dmtb slq bf.

²ÃD zdLj dwd[kf hst zKhf yfjdv jsv hst öfmDsj yfjv hfdbsq vfsJ. öfmD däkDq dhhfr jsvsY hst ²ÃD kfsj `öfmD' bf sHsh `zfnfmD' Hfsh.

dbsuv sYstsmsq hV rsq ifsqv ktfq mfde rsqsY hst öfmDv sjfb mpGflf v[f jsv bf. kfv sjfb zdLjfv zfsY hstW msb jsv bf.

öfmD znc²¿ zKhf spZhbrfvf rst ²ÃD zfv kfsj Èv¢k¶ slq bf. zsbj ²ÃD kfsj OxBf jsv, huGb jsv ˆhQ zbA icv¢sNv dlsj zfjxóf rq.

zsbj ²ÃD dbu Hfƒ, sYst hf ufmfƒsqv nrspfdokfq dbvDr öfmDsj Ov YfVsk hfLA jsv!

ˆjƒ hfdVsk hnhfn j'sv ixKj JfWqf-swfWqfv jKfW swfbf pfq zsbj öfmD-²ÃDv hAfifsv.

ˆmb ²ÃDvf sp ydvÛhkD ²ÃD bq, kf htfƒ hfùtA. hf¦lfv rj zflfq bf jvf ipG§À zfïfrv rj zflfq jvf nýh bq. hf¦lfv

rj dhbó jvst zfïfr k]fv zflfqjxk rj oarB jsvb bf. sjfb ÛÁDklfn dbu iaHcv zhfLA rst mrfb iaHcvW zhfLAkf rq. sjfb ²ÃD dbu öfmDsj sJfw jvsk bf ifvst kfv iadk mrfb öfmDW bfsJfw Kfsjb. sjfb nkD idksj n§Âó bf jvsk ifvst dhw¶fdLidkW kfv iadk zn§Âó Kfsjb. kfv iafkAdrjD ƒhflk vl jsv Kfsjb. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�7S:/��7�و9ز:��eא�>!7�ن9(:.:/7��73��7>�\�:��:�:و�7.:��\k>"4�<%>#�>1 >.x<�7&��<-9<[7#��87+�7'7א�<�F�9)�،��m�F$7��<#و7א�<;7�7��7.7x<�7+��87ز7و]>x<�7/.(� �

ªlcƒ hAdÙÁv bfmfp kfslv mfKf zdkÛÁm jsv bf (jhct rq bf) ; snƒ ÛÁDklfn sp kfv iaHcv dbje sKsj itfqb jsvsY, sn kfv dbje dIsv bf zfnf ipG§À ˆhQ sp ²ÃD kfv öfmDv zhfLAfyvB jsvsY, sn kfv hfLA bf rWqf ipG§À (bfmfp jhct rq bf.)« (k¶fhfvfbD, rfsjm, dn} nrDrfr 288bQ)


)7�F�7�mM�Fe�:&7�R:��:.!#-�73F�m��7وFe�7/:��:��F�)��87א��7:�-.:و�:��:�:��وز:Fe�7/��7Sو�7��<��:x\��F$8م��Fd��#'��f-�F�1�Fu9:و7�:f77و�7،�'ن�:x\��73K��7�F��7x7!7و��7�زF�<-�:&7#o��،�7א#��7وF$@��77��7دf��7ز:x��7و.��%�#�K�9א�� FbFA7"<;�7�F�1 .(� �

ªdkb hAdÙÁv bfmfp jhct rq bf, zfjfswv dlsj …sE bf; mfKfv …isv pfq bf; ˆmb ƒmfm pfv ƒmfmdk (zdLjfQw) stfsj ziY¦l jsv, dhbf zfslsw sp jfsvf ufbfpf iVfq, ˆhQ vfsÛ nÌsmv …sÜswA öfmD Ffjst sp ²ÃD kfsk zn©mk rq.�(ƒhsb Jcpfƒmf 1518, dn} nrDrfr 650bQ)

4. ydvÛhkD ²ÃD öfmDv spZb-zfrhfsb nk¶v nfVf slq. spZb-hfufsv öfmD-²ÃD yfv swaBDv rsq Kfsj. kfv msLA öfmD ovm W ²ÃD Efàf

rstW pKfnfLA öfmDsj idvkxå jvf ydvÛhkD ²ÃDv zfyvB. spsrkc öfmDv dhYfbfv zdLjfv ˆjde hV zdLjfv. wpAfndÌbD bf rsq öfmDsj zn§Âó vfJst, dhw¶öfmDW zn§Âó Kfsjb. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

)�>XKو7א��p>�y7��>�>�7 >"��7#�%#��x��':�<�7&�1/F$7�<#א��F�9)��.aא�b��"A`b�>1< F�7��K�9)�7ن�Fu��>XKא��p�>b��7� >.lG��7��א��8F�7��،��87+�<�&�7s��7.<!7��7.xز7و.(� �

ªsnƒ zfïfrv jnm, p]fv rfsk zfmfv iafB zfsY! sjfb öfmD kfv ²ÃDsj dbu dhYfbfv dlsj zfrhfb jvfv iv sn zfnsk zöDjfv jvst dpdb zfjfsw zfsYb dkdb (zfïfr) kfv iadk zn§Âó Kfsjb, sp ipG§À bf öfmD kfv iadk n§Âó rsq pfq.« (mcndtm 1436bQ)�

dhhfsrv ˆjde mrfb …sÜwA spZb[cLf dbhfvB jvf. zsbj nmq öfmDv yfdrlf shwD Kfsj, dj§Â ²ÃDv Kfsj bf. rqskf öfmDv zdk nrhfsnv Ist kfv dbsuv nDdmk yfdrlf iCvB rsq pfq. zKhf sofnt ƒkAfdl zbA sjfb Wucrfk sldJsq öfmDv zdHnfsvv ƒdÌk sn ˆdVsq yst. ˆsk öfmDv zdLjfv tQOb rq. sjfb wfvDdvj zncdhLf bf Kfjst ²ÃDv kfsk zn©mk rWqf ³hL bq. jfvB sn pdl zjfvsB sn zdLjfv zflfq bf j'sv öfmDsj vfofdb¶k vfsJ, kfrst dIdvwXkfhoGW kfsj zdHwfi jsvb. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

>��نb��<;�7"FAb��7W��Fb��7<�אa<1<�()�א#>�$7/17:�א��x8:�:�د�7��(ذא( �F|��.< F��F��.<7!7��@M�FC>��F��87א�+�7B>�<�:/.(� �

ªöfmD pJb kfv ²ÃDsj dbu dhYfbfv dlsj (nÌm jvsk) zfr¶hfb jsv, kJb pdl ²ÃD zfnsk zöDjfv jsv, zk}iv sn kfv …iv vfofd¦hk zh²¿fq vfdÛ jfefq, ksh njft ipG§À dIdvñfhoG kfv …iv zdHwfi jvsk Kfsjb.«


(hcJfvD, mcndtm, zfhC lf†l, zfrmfl, iaHxdk)

�)./:�>�<��87+�7Bא�7�F��@MFC>��F!7>.��ز7و>b��.>x<�אشx�f�7<�7��א��F>$�@�"�/7;<�(ذא( �ªpJb ²ÃD dbu öfmDv dhYfbf kAfo jsv (zbAÛ) vfdÛpfib jsv, kJb

dIdvñfhoG njft ipG§À kfsj zdHwfi dlsk Kfsjb.« zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY,

)�7.<7!7�F��FC>�F�7��.)/M��87+�7]>x<�7@א� �ªpk[B ipG§À bf öfmDv dhYfbfq dIsv ˆsnsY, kk[B ipG§À dIdvñfoB

kfv …iv zdHwfi jvsk Kfsjb.« ydvÛhkD ²ÃD spmb dbu iadkiftjsj n§Âó vfsJ, skmbƒ n§Âó vfsJ dbu

iafBidksj. ksh ˆ s[sÛ iadkiftsjv bIt ƒhflskv kctbfq öfmDsj idvkxå vfJfv Èv¢k¶ shdw. kfƒ sjfb ²ÃD kfv öfmDv …id²¿dksk kfv zbcmdk hAkDk bIt svfpf vfJsk ifsv bf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))�F��_�>27&�>�F$<�7�7 ><A7/�p>b�>1ذ7ن�7وF�7��"<,9ذ>�<f�7a��K�9)�>1<�\�و7ز7و>x:.7��/�7:'مF$�7ن>��<�"��K�9)�>1>�<9ذ,>".((...� �ªmdrtfv ubA ˆ rftft bq sp, kfv öfmD (Osv) …id²¿k Kfjfjfst kfv

dhbf zbcmdksj sn (bIt) svfpf vfsJ ˆhQ kfv dhbf zbcmdksk öfmDv Osv iashw jvsk jf…sj zbcmdk slq.« (hcJfvD 5195, mcndtm 2417bQ iamcJ)

htfƒ hfùtA sp, zdLjfQw kftfj W däkDq dhhfsrv jfvB rt öfmDv zfrhfsb ²ÃDv pKfnmsq nfVf bf slWqf. …ÙÁ zdLjfv iftsbƒ öfmD-²ÃDv háb muhck W mLcv Kfsj, bsy{ lf©iskAv mLc jlcsk idvBk rq. sn s[sÛ slsrv Hfstfhfnf dlsqƒ yftfj ²ÃD öfmDv mbsj h¦lD vfsJ.

5. öfmDv zdHiafq W yfdrlfv sJqft vfJf ÈBhkD ²ÃDv jkGhA. öfmD hfƒsv sKsj ˆsn spb ziaDdkjv djYc slJsk, wcbsk, w]cjsk hf zbcHh jvsk bf ifsv. icv¢N hfƒsv jmGhA²Àkfq u¶st-icsV hfdVsk ˆsn pdl ²ÃDv rfdnmcJ W slr-nQnfsvv ifdvifeA bf sit, kfrst kfv zfv ncJ sjfKfq? nQnfsv kfv mk lcHGfof hAdÙÁ zfv sj… sbƒ, pfsj hfƒsv smrbsk u¶st ˆsn hfdVsk ²ÃDv kfsiW u¶tsk rq.

6. öfmDv äDb W ƒÏskv sJqft jvf Wqfsuh. shilGf, se]f-se]f sjf©ifbD rsq, ifVfjc]lctD rsq, lvuf, ufbftf hf Yfl rsk …]dj U]cdj smsv, öfmDv zhkGmfsb sjfb shofbfv nfsK slJf-nf[f{ jsv, zbA icv¢sNv nfsK sofib n©ijG jfsqm jsv ˆhQ kfv nfsK smfhfƒst hf sbse jKf hst, mAfsnu dlsq zKhf dHdFW-yAfe j'sv zKhf sjfKfW sosq-ˆsn dbsuv kKf öfmDv hlbfm jvf ˆhQ zfïfrsj zn§Âó jvf smfseƒ ShL bq. öfmD-oxsr drIfpskv nfsK sKsj


kfv mb mskf ytf ˆj zfmfbk. ˆƒ zfmfbskv dJqfbk öfmDv zhkGmfsb jvst dbÇyqƒ sn nfL¶D, nkD W ydvÛhkD bfvD bq. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

}:W�72>��8��Fb�\W�7>��Fd�\W�Fz>b�7+�>�< 7r�N��7�>"�F¤>y7+�:1�٣٤(}א��(��א�!��' �ªnfL¶D bfvDvf zbcokf ˆhQ icv¢sNv zbcid²¿dksk stfjy[cv z§Àvfst

dbsuslv ƒÏk v[fjfdvBD. zfïfrv drIfpsk kfvf kf drIfpk jsv.« (dbnf } 34)

öfmDv dbje öfmDv Hsq hf kfsj ialwGb j'sv ilGfdhdh hf drIfpkjfdvBD snsu kfv zhkGmfsb sofisb zfïfrsj Hq bf j'sv rfe-hfufv, jcecmhfdV, dhsqhfdV, dyÙdhsbflb sj¦û iaHxdk dosq zKhf w¶wcvhfdVsk ilGfbwDb snsu ˆhQ hfsiv hfdVsk shilGf rsq dbsuv mb W sJqft-JcwDv kfshlfvD j'sv Kfjst sn bfvD dbÇyq hV sL]fjfhfu. diaq bhD � hstb,

)mM7�F��e�:لA�7/�<-:.<!7��\�:x7��7ق�7�b�FM7��F�7(9#�#17:�و��7�7א�W�#و�� >3��mM7#$�7��7>�\�$و>�وk�"$�<%>#�>�>�� 7��7W��Fb�m�$7�<#7��!.��|��7وא.x<ز7و�<�dو��f�yFu�FM7�o7#�� /A<��7ل>��7x8�7�7Fb�:�7�<�7"��Fb;>�א��_�>:.<!7�<-.(� �

ªdkb hAdÙÁ n©isjG sjfb iawƒ jsvf bf; sp ufmfzfk kAfo jsv ƒmfsmv zhfLA rsq mfvf pfq, sp ÛÁDklfn hf lfnD iaHc sKsj itfqb jsv mfvf pfq, ˆhQ snƒ bfvD pfv öfmD zbcid²¿k Kfjst---kfv nfQnfdvj nm²À iasqfubDq dudbn hs¦lfh²À jsv slWqf nsÙ¶W---kfv zbcid²¿dksk shilGfq hfƒsv pfq.« (hcJfvDv zflfh 590, zfrmfl, ƒhsb drêfb, dn} nrDrfr 542bQ)

7. öfmDv ShqfdÙÁj W nfmfduj uDhsbv iadkW dhswN sJqft vfJf ydvÛhkD ²ÃDv jkGhA. nckvfQ kfv hAdÙÁok jfu-jfvhfv, iVfswfbf iaHxdksk dF±efhG jvf hf hfLf slWqf drkfjfd£[bD ²ÃDv zHAfn rsk ifsv bf.

8. öfmDv Ov nQnfv idv°jfv-idv¤Yâ ˆhQ nfdusq ocdYsq idvifde j'sv vfJf ÈBhkD ²ÃDv jkGhA. öfmDv pfhkDq dJlmk jvf, sYst-smsqslvsj idv°jfv W nHA jsv vfJfW kfv lfdqk¶. nhGjfu dbsuv rfsk jvfƒ …Ùm. khcW jfsuv yfi shdw rst ˆmb lfnD hAhrfv jvsk ifsv, pf kfv ubA zKhf nQnfsvv zfv jfsvf ubA nhGbfw hsq bf zfsb.

spmb ydvÛhkD ²ÃD sjht öfmDv ubA nfu-nÏf W ianfLb hAhrfv jsv. öfmDv jfsY sbdVsJdV Kfjf W kfv zbAfbA zfk¹Dsqv jfsY ianfdLjf nc¦lvD nfufv zHAfn ydvÛhkD ²ÃDv rsk ifsv bf.

9. öfmDv jxkÎkf jvf. öfmD kfv ²ÃDsj mb-iafB dlsq Hfstfshsn Kfsj. pKfnfLA …Ùm zfrfv-hnsbv hAh²¿f j'sv Kfsj. khcW Û¢de öfHfdhj. dj§Â


nfmfbA Û¢de slsJ nm²À …ijfv, …irfv W iaDdk-Hfstfhfnfsj Hcst pfWqf bfvDv nrufk iajxdk. djYc dw[f hf wfnsbv jKf htst msb jsv, öfmD kfsj sjfbdlb Hfstfhfsn bf. öfmDv zjxkÎkf iajfw jsv kfv msb dblfv¢B hAKf dlsq Kfsj. ˆde ˆmb ˆjde jmG pfv ubAW smsqvf icv¢Nslv sysq zdLj nQJAfq ufrfâfmhfdnbD rsh.

mrfbhD � hstb, ªzfdm slJtfm, ufrfâfsmv zdLjfQw zdLhfdnbD rt mdrtf.« nfrfhfoB duÎfnf jvstb, `kf jDsnv ubA sr zfïfrv vnCt?' dkdb htstb, ªkfslv jcIvDv ubA.« k]fvf htstb, `zfïfrv nfsK jcIvD?' dkdb htstb,

�WF$7>��:�-��8א��f8>��7(9+>��7אF��7;<!7�<+F$��F�9)��8%:f'>�א]9+>�7�ن�7وyC7&7@�>ن�7אyC7&�7¦>�7��@�>ن7(��F}�<!>#��~< �7a�<;F��Fd��7#�:;<&F$7��F}<!>#א��< 7G�£�Fd(.� �

ª(bf,) kfvf öfmDv jcIvD (zjxkÎkf) W dbmjrfvfdm jsv. kfslv jfsvf iadk pdl nfvf uDhb ˆrnfbD jv, zk}iv sn pdl skfmfv dbje nfmfbA Û¢de t[A jsv, kfrst h'st hsn, `skfmfv dbje sjfb mÌt slJtfm bf zfdm!« (hcJfvD, mcndtm)

hV lc}sJv dhNq sp, ²ÃD öfmDv dbje sKsj pf ifq, kf sjht dbsuv iafiA sHshƒ oarB jsv. ˆƒ ubAƒ zfLcdbj pcsov bDdk rt, `Hfstfhfnfq sbf KAfQj, sbf snfdv.' dj§Â ƒntfm hst, Hfstfhfnfv Ict pdl jxkÎkfv dwdwsv dHuf Kfsj, kfrst shdw nc¦lv slJfq. bsy{ zshtfq ðdjsq pfq. diaq bhD � hstb,

)Fe�:�@z<!7&�@��.)��Fe�p>!<r7<�7/�:1<!7و7v>��،�7p>f7و>�Fe�<�7/:�@C��7.>xא#>��F�9)��F$7א �ªzfïfr snƒ vmBDv dlsj kfdjsqW slsJb bf (slJshb bf) sp kfv öfmDv

jxkÎkf öDjfv jsv bf, zKy sn öfmDv zmcJfsid[bD bq.« (bfnf„, dn} nrDrfr 289bQ)

sp mdrtf dbu öfmDv iadk jxkO, sn ydvÛhkD bq, sn mrfb iadkiftsjv iadkW jxkÎ rsk ifsv bf. jfvB mrfbhD � hstsYb,


(zfrmfl 11280, dkvdmpD 1955bQ) öfmDv jxkÎkf zflfq jvfv ubA kfv iawQnf jsv ÈBhkD ²ÃD. ksh kfv

iadkis[ zbA sjfb icv¢sNv iawQnf kfv n©mcsJ jsv bf. spsrkc isvf[Hfsh kfsk kfsj ofdt slWqf rq. zfv kfsk It m¦l rsk ifsv.


10. ²ÃD rq nQnfsvv vfbD. öfmDv Lb-n©il nhGnQnfv rq kfv vfuk¶ ˆhQ öfmDv zfmfbkW. kfƒ kfv pKfKG drIfpk jvf ˆhQ pKf²¿fsb ndEjHfsh kf hAq jvf ÈBhkD ²ÃDv jkGhA. zbAfqHfsh sofisb hAq jvf, kfv dhbf zbcmdksk lfb jvf hf zfk¹Dq-öubsj …isTZjb slWqf zfmfbskv dJqfbk. ˆmb ²ÃD icBAmqD bq; hvQ dJqfbkjfdvBD. mrfbhD � hstb,

)Fe�9k>y<!:/�m�F$7�<#א��~< 7a�<%#�>;< 7"��.>x<ز7و�Ke)�99ذ>ن,"��.>x<ز7و.(� �ªöfmDv zbcmdk YfVf sjfb ²ÃD spb kfv Ov sKsj sjfb djYc lfb bf jsv.«

htf rt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! JfhfvW lfb jvsk ifsv bf dj?' dkdb htstb, ªJfhfv skf zfmfslv nshGfÙm mft.« (dkvdmpD, nrDr kfvoDh 943bQ)

11. öfmDv dhbf zbcmdksk hfƒsv, mfsjGe, dhsqhfdV, mVfhfdV ƒkAfdl bf pfWqf idkHdÙÁv idvyq. ˆmbdj mndusl (ƒmfsmv iÇyfsk mdrtf ufmfzfsk) bfmfp iVsk sostW öfmDv zbcmdk yfƒ. (zfrjfmcb dbnf 1/275-276) zfv ˆƒ ivfLDbkfq zfsY mcdÙÁv ivm öfl. mfkxsÛÁfV …si[f jsv UV-hxdó, wDk-oaDs®m spmb dwwc dbsusj dhisl sIst, kf-ˆv sjft sYsV dFm spmb sOftf rsq pfq, ncskf dY]sV öfLDb rsq OcdV spmb [dBj …sV L¶Qn rsq pfq, vfFfv sKsj dhd¤Yâ rsq dhmfb spmb L¶Qniafå rq, dEj skmdb bfvDW öfmDv ˆƒ snr-nDmf W hábsj …ïQOb jsv dbsuv äDb W lcdbqf hvhfl jsv.

12. sjfb dhNsq öfmD vfofd¦hk rst ydvÛhkD ²ÃD dhbDkf rsq bDvh Kfsj. bsy{ ƒsev hlst ifesjt Y]cVst zfocsb sieºt isV. sp snfrfo jsv, kfv wfnb jvfv zdLjfv zfsY. zfv ˆ wfnb ²ÃD OfV sisk smsb dbsk hfLA. Hct rst [mf yfƒsh. spsrkc öfmD hqsn W mpGflfq hV. [mf iafKGbfq zimfb bq; hvQ mfbcsNv mfb hLGmfb rq; ƒrjfst ˆhQ ivjfstW. kfYfVf zrQjfv W ŠÝskAv nfsK `shw jsvdY, zk ifdv bf' ƒkAfdl hst zbmbDqkf iajfw ÈBhkD nkD bfvDv LmG bq. nckvfQ öfmDv vfsov zfocbsj zrQjfv W ŠÝskAv sieºt äfvf bq hvQ dhbsqv ifdb äfvf dbhGfdik jvf …dyk.

diaq bhD � hstb, :��7<و7( �@u<-�>#<%�F$<f9��7אS8!>M��א��7'د:�@א�'�7ود:د:'7א:o:�7ود��F��7و>ز>x��7.��Kא��>p�9)7אذ��F|>7��7x7��<W�7+8��7/77]�7&7�7f��>bp�7&>��7و>ز>x7.��،�77و/@R:ل'�:�Fe�F$:وق:ذ�F|<��^�7+8��7/<�7s�.(� �

ªskfmfslv ²ÃDvfW ufâfkD rsh; sp ²ÃD zdLj iaBdqBD, n§ÀfblfÛD, hfv-hfv Hct jsv hfv-hfv öfmDv dbje zfk¹nmiGBjfdvBD, pfv öfmD vfo jvst sn kfv dbje ˆsn kfv rfsk rfk svsJ hst, zfidb vfdu (Efàf) bf rWqf ipG§À


zfdm Ocmfhƒ bf.« (k¶fhfvfbD, lfvfj¶ck¶bD, dn} nrDrfr 287bQ) öfmDsj n§Âó W vfuD jvhfv ubA ƒntfm ˆj iajfv dmKAf htfsjW ²ÃDv

ubA ShL jsvsY. …s©m jctncm (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, `zfdm bhD �-sj sjhtmfÛ dkb

zh²¿fq dmKAf htfv zbcmdk dlsk ðsbdY } pcsÝv hAfifsv, stfsjv msLA zfsifn-mDmfQnf jvfv nmq ˆhQ öfmD-²ÃDv iv±isvv (siam) zftfi-zfstfybfq.' (mcndtm 6799bQ)

`ttbfv Ytbf' pdlW m¦l hst iadnÝ, khcW öfmDv mbsj sHftfsbfv ubA, kfsj sJfw jvfv ubA, kfv mbsj dbsuv msbfjfvfofsv dyvh¦lD jsv vfJfv ubA Ytbf jvf ˆhQ siasmv zdHbq jvf hV ItianC. siasmv dwwmrt hV HÌcv. nckvfQ HfÌf siasmv mrt hrft vfJsk Ytbf W siasmv zdHbq pdl jfsu slq, kfrst ydvÛhkD ²ÃDsj kf jvf …dyk.

13. öfmDv nQnfsv kfv dikfmfkf W shfbslv nfsK näAhrfv jvf ÈBhkD ²ÃDv zbAkm jkGhA. öfmDv mf-hfi W shfbsj dbsuv mf-hfi W shfb LfvBf jsv nQnfsvv iaskAj jfu kfslv ivfmwG dbsq jvf, pKfnfLA kfslv dJlmk jvf ˆhQ kfslv (³hL) zfslw-dbsNL smsb ytf icBAmqD nfL¶D bfvDv jkGhA.

14. dbsuv ˆhQ zbcv™i öfmDv n§Àfb-n§Àdkv tftb-iftb, kvdhqk W dw[f slWqf ²ÃDv dwsvfLfpG jkGhA. ˆv ubA kfsj SLpG, S²¿pG, jv¢Bf W snsrv iK zhtìb jvf ˆjf§À …dyk. dhswN jsv öfmDv nfmsb n§Àfsbv …iv vfo bf UfVf, ofdtm¦l, hÜczf W mfvLv bf jvf ²ÃDv zflshv idvyq. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

)��>1>8 >�7��7אع�،�وo<�7#�<-@C£�@u7:ول\��%7>��-@C£�@u�:��،�>1�> 7"�9��<f$��F�77אع��:�:x87אع�،�وא��و7א�#<¦:�>1>8 >�7��7אع�،�وo<�7#�<-@C£�@u7:ول\��%7>��<-@C£�@CFb�،�>��F�7و7و��.x<ز7و�>;< 7"��F�7��mM �7א�<�@�$<�Fو7א�.(� �

ªiadkde mfbcNƒ lfdqk¶wDt. nckvfQ iaskAsjƒ zhwAƒ kfv zLDb²¿slv lfdqk¶wDtkfv dhNsq duÎfdnk rsh. slswv wfnj ubosBv lfdqk¶wDt. sn kfv lfdqk¶wDtkfv hAfifsv uhfhdlrD jvsh. ˆjub icv¢N kfv idvhfsvv lfdqk¶wDt. zkˆh sn kfv lfdqk¶wDtkfv dhNsq duÎfdnk rsh. ²ÃD kfv öfmD W n§Àfsbv lfdqk¶wDtf. jfsuƒ sn kfv lfdqk¶wDtkfv dhNsq duÎfdnkf rsh. skfmvf iaskAsjƒ lfdqk¶wDt. zkˆh iaskAsjƒ dbu dbu zLDbs²¿v lfdqk¶wDtkfv hAfifsv duÎfdnk rsh.« (hcJfvD W mcndtm)

15. ydvÛhkD ²ÃD öfmDv mcsJv …iv mcJ yftfq bf, Lmj dlsq jKf hst bf, ˆjef jKf ðsb ˆjw'ef jKf swfbfq bf, tÏf hf ofdt dlsq H{Gnbf jsv bf,


zisvv nfmsb jec jKf ðdbsq kfsj tfdÒk jsv bf. mrfbhD � hstsYb, ªsnZHfsoAv ²ÃD snƒ; pfsj slsJ öfmD mcÊ rq. nQnfv

sYsV hfƒsv sost ²ÃD W kfv n©islv hAfifsv dbdÇy§À Kfsj. zfv lcHGfofv ²ÃD rt snƒ; pfsj slsJ öfmDv mb dkÙÁ rq, sp öfmDv …iv duH tìf jsv (tfbkfb jsv) ˆhQ nQnfv sYsV hfƒsv sost ‰ ²ÃD W kfv n©islv hAfifsv sn dbdÇy§À rsk ifsv bf.« (rfsjm 2684, dntdntfr nrDrfr 1047bQ)

sp ²ÃD öfmDv …iv mcJ yftfq, n©il hf zfdHufskAv zrQjfvhwk} öfmDsj dbsuv zspfoA msb jsv, hcsVf rWqfv zfsoƒ kfsj `hcsVf' hfbfq, sn ²ÃD ydvÛhkD bq. snƒ swaBDv ²ÃD sKsj zfïfrv zfwaq jfmbf jvf …dyk. mrfbhD � kfƒ jvskb, dkdb htskb,

)K8-�9.:א��)?�p�F$:�:ذ'�>"F}�>#<%�7x9� ?�:�7/:�وجز�7%>#<و�7א��_'�<،��È�Fd7��7א�>�،>� �'ن:��F��7&��@Cو�7%>#<و�77�8p��،��"7��7# ��<�7G%>#<و�7א"�،�8p�7��7�7X'ن:C@&�7�ل#�7%>#<و�7>u��7�:1:! �ن>(�9؛Fd:1:��7&<��7�>��<pوp�،�7א�<��7/77�F$i�7+7�7!M�77.7د!b،��7�7ن>(9و�F$i�7�? 7~M�F$7א�7.7ذ�.(� �

zKGf{, sr zfïfr! dbÇyq zfdm skfmfv dbje zfwaq iafKGbf jvdY m¦l iadkshwD sKsj, ˆmb ²ÃD sKsj, sp hxÝ rWqfv zfsoƒ zfmfsj hxÝ hfbfsh, ˆmb n§Àfb sKsj, sp zfmfv iaHc rsk yfƒsh, ˆmb mft sKsj, pf zfmfv ubA zfpfh rsh, ˆhQ ˆmb LCkG hác sKsj, pfv syfJ zfmfsj slsJ ˆhQ kfv r™lq zfmfv iadk t[A vfsJ, zk}iv Hft djYc slJst kf ic]sk sIst ˆhQ Jfvfi djYc slJst kf iayfv jsv. (k¶fhfvfbD, dn} nrDrfr 3137bQ)

16. ydvÛhkD ²ÃD öfmDv sjfb vrnA hf sofib jKf iajfw jsv bf; bf nfQnfdvj sjfb jKf, zfv bf-ƒ spZb-dmtb nQÛÁf§À sjfb jKf. spsrkc kf ˆj zfmfbk. zfv zfmfbsk dJqfbk jvf ³hL bq. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

M7#�7<�&7'>م�MF�9v<!7#�7א��1K<��<!>��7א�!8�س�7aF$�9?�#<%>�(9ن8«�>R��7א�:x8א��> y:&��F�9)�>1>/F$7�<#א��> �y:/71<��و�< F�9)�8-:��:�:�<!7&��7f8�>�«�.� �

ªdjqfmskv dlb zfïfrv dbje mfsbv dlj sKsj nhsysq uObA mfsbv hAdÙÁ rt sn, sp öfmD ²ÃD-dmtb jsv ˆhQ sp ²ÃD öfmD-dmtb jsv, zk}iv ˆsj zsbAv dmtb-vrnA (zisvv dbje) iayfv jsv.« (mcndtm 3615, zfhC lf†l 4870bQ)

17. öfmD-nQnfsv pkƒ jó srfj, ydvÛhkD ²ÃD ³LpGLfvB jsv, öfmDv Hctsj [mf jsv ˆhQ wvDqk-n©mk jfvB YfVf jKfq jKfq kftfj hf dhhfr-dhs¤Yl yfq bf. spsrkc mrfbhD � hstsYb,


))�7�_&F$��F$7�<#א�<;F�FA7��7.7x<ق�7ز7و�F�Kl#�9<%>�א��< F|��7#س�A7"�\7�72אمFb��7.< F�7��@M72>7א��>M8!7S�א.((� �ªsp ²ÃDstfj zjfvsB kfv öfmDv dbje sKsj kftfj yfƒsh sn ²ÃDstfsjv

ubA ufâfskv ncoáW rfvfm rsq pfsh.« (zfrmfl 22379, zfhC lf†l 2226, dkvdmpD 1187, ƒhsb mfufr 2055bQ, ƒhsb drêfb, hfƒrfjD 7/316, nrDùt ufsm' 2706bQ)

)):W�7�>�7<�:��)).א��:!f�:W�FR>b�7:%�8و7א��:!>W�7�9v7:�א� �ªbhD � hstb, ªsJftf kftfj iafdKGbD ˆhQ dhhfr-háb dYâjfdvBDvf

mcbfdIj smsq.« (zfrmfl 9358, bfnf„ 3461, hfƒrfjD, dntdntfr nrDrfr 632bQ) �

²ÃDv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf ydvÛhfb öfmD ²ÃDv iadk sjfb jkGhA iftsb Û¢de jsv bf. spsrkc pf mrfb

zfïfrv dbslGw kf kfsj iftb jvskƒ rsh. snƒ nfsK djYc ˆmb jfu zfsY, pf jvst öfmD-²ÃDv nQnfv ncJmq rsq WsE. zfmvf ðv¢ jdv Ivp jfuÈdt dlsq.

1. ²ÃDv smfrv zflfq slWqf öfmDv ubA zfhwAj. spsrkc mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw,

~��<p7a�:1<!?#��y7��:�'@�@CFb��Fb�7%<�>h�<-@CF��%7,9ن��<Fd:�73�MF�<2�/<.�8%9א�!7�8��و47/:'א{>!7f��~&9�8#{�� zKGf{, skfmvf bfvDslvsj kfslv smfrv n§Âó msb dlsq lfW, isv kfvf JcwD

msb Wv (smfrsvv) djqlQw sYsV dlst, skfmvf kf ö¤Ys¦l sHfo jv. (dbnf } 4) zfv mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�.�»אy�@�:وج�7"<1<�א�>F$��Fb':&�>1>"��7#�<-:�F�<27ن>�א��8>ط<�$�8k7+F(9ن8«� �ªsp njt wkG skfmfslv ubA iftb jvf uv¢vD, k¦msLA nh yfƒsk zdLj

Èv¢k¶iCBG wkG rt kfƒ---pfv äfvf skfmvf skfmfslv�(iv±isvv) sofibfÌ rftft j'sv Kfj.« (hcJfvD 2721, 5151, mcndtm 3537, dmwjfk 3143 bQ)

bol smfrv bf dlsq kfsk I]fdj dlsk syóf jvf zKhf msb msb idvswfL jvfv dbqk bf vfJf zKhf kf mfI j'sv dlsk ²ÃDsj yfi slWqf ydvÛhfb öfmDv ubA ³hL bq. slbsmfrv ²ÃDv jfsY idvswfLA ‡B. zfv ‡B dbsq idvswfL jvfv dbqk bf Kfjst jD rq iVcb, mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))�7�_&F$��:x7��<[\�وf7:'�7د%8&7�7&��!<&7:�<S:#�<نF$�Fe�:17 Nb7':&�:��8&9)�7�>RF��d9��א�7�((.� �ªsp hAdÙÁ�‡B jvfv iv kfv msb ifjf�ˆƒ nQj¬i vfsJ sp, sn kf

idvswfL jvsh bf, sn hAdÙÁ�zfïfrv nfsK `syfv' rsq nf[f{ jvsh.« (ƒhsb


mfufr 2410 bQ) zfv slbsmfrv zflfq bf j'sv kftfj dlst dhwft ifiD rq öfmD. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�8��א#>�7v7/��F$7و8ج�7�x7:�\�א��1K<��<!>��7א�Fz<�F$�>�':�_X-�7(9ن8«�F�Fb��7 Fd�7x�7+�:1�7��7.<!>#��7.FRK�Fh��7��7f7و7ذ��7f9�<.7�>"�\�:x7��7�7�x7:��א�>�7>��7�7و7f7XFb�>1>/7�<x@A>"�:�7G47و�:�:R7&�M8"7�7=��د7א�«�.� �

ªzfïfrv dbje nh yfƒsk hV ifdiô snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp sjfb mdrtfsj dhhfr jsv, zk}iv kfv dbje sKsj muf tcse dbsq kfsj kftfj slq ˆhQ kfv smfrvW zfk¹nf{ jsv. (däkDq rt) snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp sjfb stfjsj mucv Jfefq, zk}iv kfv mucvD zfk¹nf{ jsv ˆhQ (kxkDq rt) snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp JfsmfJf ið rkAf jsv.« (rfsjm 2743, hfƒrfjD 14781, nrDùt ufsm' 1567 bQ)

ˆmb ifdiô öfmD dbÇyqƒ ydvÛhfb bq. kfrst snƒ öfmDv ubA jD htshb, sp smfrv slWqfv ufqofq dbsu oarB j'sv Kfsj? iB hf spZkcj dbsq dhsq j'sv Kfsj ˆhQ zbflfsq hLCdbpGfkb yftfq?

2. zfdKGj zh²¿fbcpfqD ²ÃDv HvB-sifNB jvf zfhwAj. öfmD dbsu pf Jfsh, kfsj JfWqfsh ˆhQ pf idvLfb jvsh, dEj snƒ nmmfsbv sthfn kfsjW idvLfb jvfsh.

mczfdhqfr ƒhsb rfƒlfr � hstb, zfdm vfnCtcïfr �-sj httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfslv jfsvf ²ÃDv zdLjfv öfmDv …iv jkecjc?' dkdb htstb,

�))��،�<B?��FR:/�e7�71،�و�<x7'�9<�א��< 7/�Fe7�7،�و;< 7�7u7��(9ذ7א�אf':�C7/7�7،�و;<�>�h7.7��(9ذ7א��>�l:/�<ن$:S<.7/�e7و�>;< �)).�>�(��Keא��7 �

ªkcdm sJst kfsj JfWqfsh ˆhQ kcdm ivst kfsj ivfsh. (kfv) syrfvfq mfvsh bf, kfsj `jc{dnk r' hst hÜczf slsh bf ˆhQ kfv sKsj ixKj Kfjst hfVDv dHksvƒ Kfjsh. (zfrmfl 20011, zfhC lf…l 2144, bfnf„ 9171bQ)

ˆƒ Jvsy öfmD nWqfhiafåW rsh. mrfbhD � hstsYb, �))�mMFd7�73�:1F��7p9.Fb��7.:�>�7<27&�MFRFy7��>1>�<fF$��F�7��:�:x8�7א��kFy<�$9ذ7א�).((� �

ªnWqfshv zfwfq sjfb mcntmfb pJb kfv idvhfv-idvusbv ubA Jvy jsv, kJb kf nfljfr drnfsh oBA rq.« (hcJfvD 55, mcndtm 2369bQ)

i[f§Àsv sp rkHfof öfmD dbu ²ÃDsj dEjmskf sJsk-ivsk slq bf, sn sofbfrofv. pfv jfsY sn iasqfusb siam dH[f jsv, kfsj sJsk-ivsk slq bf, ˆ zfhfv ifiD bf rq? mrfbhD � hstsYb,


�))�:W'@R7&�<%7#�7]? 7 �7��$ن>�&:<�)�>�<�F��>"��FyFu.((� �ªˆjde mfbcsNv ifiD rWqfv ubA êf psKó sp, sn kfslv (zdLjfv) bó

jvsh (zKGf{, kfslv HvB-sifNsB jfiGBA jvsh) pfslv uDdhjfv ubA sn lfdqk¶wDt.« (zfrmfl, zfhC lf…l 1692bQ, rfsjm, hfƒrfjD, nrDùt ufsm' 4481bQ)

�))�:17/'@d�@}>�<�7&�<%8�7��7T>��<7��$ن�<�)�>�<�F��>"��FyFu.�((� �ªmfbcsNv ifiD rWqfv ubA êfƒ psKó sp, sn pfv JfslAv mfdtj, kfv

JflA sn zfesj vfsJ.« (mcndtm 2359bQ) zfv ˆmb öfmD dj ydvÛhfb rsk ifsv? j[sbf bq. 3. ²ÃDv nfsK nßfsh hnhfn jvf jkGhA ydvÛhfb öfmDv. ²ÃDsj Hfstfhfnfv

ifÛD Îfb j'sv snr jvf W Hfstfhfnf kfv jkGhA. zfv sjfb jfvsB kfsj Hfstf bf hfnsk ifvstW kfv iadk zbAfq W zkAfyfv jvf …dyk bq. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}8%:fو:�>a�7�7و�>��:�'�Fb��8%:f,9ن��"<��7>�:و:<f9�Fu��7��7�Fbن�F$��א'�:f7�C7/��~< �7a��7��7�<S7&71<��א��1:��و� >bא��< 7G��}Fu=<¦�א �

zKGf{, ²ÃDslv nfsK n{Hfsh uDhb pfib jv; skfmvf pdl kfslvsj OxBf jv, kfrst ˆmbW rsk ifsv sp, zfïfr pfsk iaHCk jtAfB svsJsYb, skfmvf kfsj OxBf jvY. (dbnf } 19)

zfv mrfbhD � hstsYb, )7�7G4��7.<!>#�7p>s7��R@�:G��7.<!>#�7�9�Fu�<ن)�M7!>#<o:#�\%>#<o:#�J7�y7&�Fe.(� �

ªsjfb „mfblfv icv¢N spb sjfb „mfblfv bfvD (²ÃDsj) OxBf bf jsv. pdl sn kfv ˆjde zfyvsB zn§Âó rq, ksh zbA zfyvsB n§Âó rsh.« (mcndtm 1469bQ)

lf©ikA uDhsb ²ÃD rt Ecbsjf j]fsyv ³kdv ifÛ. Jch nfhLfsb hAhrfv jvsk rq kfsj. bsy{ shdw EcjfEcdj jvstƒ sHsÌ spsk ifsv.

diaq bhD � hstb, 7 >�א�"��!?��<�א�>7'>3:'א(G�8ن,b�F�$�Fא��:G<;FR>��<%�>#��]��>s��77ج��7و(ن�8$�>�'7ج'�<�$��p�7a��9]�? �א��17:�ذb�7;<�7f7,ن>�$�>��: >R:/�:17/<�7�Fu�<17:�و(نu7�7/�<-F��<7لv7&�77'>3:'א�$�>'7ج<��b�>��?!��"א��< 7G.(� �

ªskfmvf bfvDslv ubA drkfjf£[D rW. jfvB, bfvD ufdk hdËm iÓvfd²¿ rsk nxó. zfv kfv …isvv zQw shwD sevf. (nckvfQ kfslv iajxdkƒ hdËm W sevf.) zkˆh kcdm snfuf jvsk sost rqskf kf sHsÌƒ sItsh. zfv dbsuv zh²¿fq …si[f jvst h]fjf sKsjƒ pfsh. zkˆh kfslv ubA mÌtjfmD rW.« (hcJfvD,


mcndtm, dmwjfk 3238bQ) r]Af, nQnfsvv Ufsmtf jJsbf jJsbf znrbDq rsq …Esk ifsv. ksh

wvDqk-n©mk jfvB YfVf kftfj slWqf ydvÛhfb öfmDv …dyk bq. hAhrfsv nßfh iajfw j'sv ²ÃDv nfsK siammfJf ösv jKf htf ydvÛhfb

öfmDv jkGhA. Hfstf HfNf iasqfo bf jvst lf©iskA Hfstfhfnfv hns§À ³hwfJ zfsn.

4. kfv nfsK rfnA-vdnjkf jvf, nh nmq siZv¢N smufu bf svsJ sjfb sjfb nmq kfv nfsK ShL sJtf jvf, wvDvyyGf hf hAfqfmfdl jvf ƒkAfdlW öfmDv jkGhA. diaq bhD � ²ÃD zfsqwfv nfsK slZV iadkspfdokf j'sv ˆjhfv srsvdYstb W isv zfv ˆjhfsv dkdb duskdYstb. (zfrmfl 26277, zfhC lf†l 2580, bfnf„ iamcJ)

klbcv™i ²ÃDsj sjfb ShL sJtf slJsk ncspfo slWqfW lCNBDq bq. spsrkc ˆ rt nßfsh hnhfn. ksh ˆnh djYc rsh ˆjf§À dbuGsb, ilGf-nDmfv dHksv.

5. ²ÃD Hfstf Jfhfv ³kvD jvst, nfusofu jvst hf sjfb Hfstf jfu jvst kfv iawQnf jvsh öfmD. ˆmbdj ²ÃDv r™lqsj tcse sbWqfv ubA ƒntfm dmKAf htfsjW ShL jsvsY. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dn} nrDrfr 545bQ) ksh sp dmKAf kfv zdLjfv rvB jsv W kfsj sL]fjf slq, sn dmKAf bq.

…sïJA sp, ²ÃDv iadkis[ sjfb zbA mdrtfv iawQnf kfv nfmsb jvf zfnst kfsj sYfe jvf. ˆmbde jvf sjfb zflwGhfb öfmDv …dyk bq. spmb …dyk bq, ²ÃDv v™i-snZ¦lpG hf nlXÈB dbsq sjfb zbA icv¢sNv jfsY iawQnf jvf. jfvB kfsk kfsj kfslv mfbnisev Ydh dbmGfB j'sv slWqf rsh, pfv idvBfm zðH rsk ifsv.

6. öfmD dbu ²ÃDv oxr²¿fdt jsmGW nrspfdokf jvsh. ˆsk ²ÃDv mb öfmDv iadk waÝf W siasm zfsvf idviCBG rsq …Esh. diaq bhD �; dpdb lcufrfsbv nlGfv dkdbW nQnfsvv jfu jvskb. ²ÃDslv nrfqkf jvskb, zk}iv bfmfspv nmq rstƒ mnduslv dlsj vWbf rskb. (hcJfvD, dkvdmpD, zflfhcp dpIfI 290ix})

dkdb zbAfbA mfbcsNv mk ˆjub mfbcN dYstb; örs²À jfiV idv°jfv jvskb, lcL slfqfskb ˆhQ dbsuv dJlmk dbsuƒ jvskb. (dn} nrDrfr 670bQ, zflfhcp dpIfI 291ix})

7. öfmD spmb ²ÃDsj nc¦lvD slJsk iY¦l jsv, skmdb ²ÃDW öfmDsj nc¦lv W ncndÏk slJsk Hfstfhfsn. êfƒ rt mfbcsNv iajxdk. nckvfQ öfmDvW …dyk ²ÃDsj sJfw jvfv ubA nfusofu jvf. pfsk kfvW buv zbA icv¢sNv (öfmDv sjfb idv¤Yâ zfk¹Dsqv) i»dk zfjxó bf rq. ƒhsb zfêfn � hstb, `zfdm zfmfv ²ÃDv ubA nfunÏf jdv, spmb sn zfmfv ubA nfunÏf jsv.' (hfƒrfj¶D 14505, ƒhsb zfhD wfƒhf 19263bQ)


8. ²ÃDsj dhdHâ …its[ (spmb „l, jcvhfbD iaHxdksk) sYfeJfe …irfv slWqfW nßfsh hfn jvfv ipGfqHcÙÁ. ˆskW ²ÃDv r™lq dyvh¦lD rq öfmDv r™lq jfvfofsv.

9. ²ÃDsj jKfq W Jvsy jó bf slWqf öfmDv jkGhA. sjfbW slfsN mfbdnj p§ÃBf slWqf, mfvLv jvf swfHbDq bq ydvÛhfb öfmDv ubA.

²ÃDv nfsK hfn skf siadmjfv nfsK hfn. nhGskfHfsh kfsj sJfw vfJf mfbcsNv iajxdkok öHfh. siadmjfsj jó slWqf sjfb mcndtm, sjfb mfbcsNv, hvQ sjfb iwcvW jfu bq.

ydvÛhfb icv¢N kfv Hfstf ²ÃDv jfsY Hfstf rq. zfv snƒ rq iCBG „mfblfv. diaq bhD � hstb,

)<-@u:�< 7G�<-@u:�< 7G�>1>�<fF��7�F$7و�<-@u:�< 7G��>�<fF�.(� �ªskfmfslv msLA …Ùm hAdÙÁ snƒ, sp kfv ²ÃDv dbje …Ùm. zfv zfdm dbu

²ÃDv dbje skfmfslv nshGfÙm hAdÙÁ.« (dkvdmpD 3895, ƒhsb mfufr 1977, k¶fhfvfbD, ƒhsb drêfb, n} ufsm' 3314bQ)

):�7�uF$�7�>!>#<o:��:7Z9)�<-:.:!7�<+F$��R@�:G�<-@u��א��7 >G7و�<-@u:��7 >G�<-@C>��7�>!>�.(� �ªnhfv sysq iCBG „mfblfv hAdÙÁ sn, pfv ydvÛ nhfv sysq nc¦lv ˆhQ skfmfslv

msLA nhGfsi[f …Ùm hAdÙÁ snƒ, sp skfmfslv ²ÃDslv dbje …Ùm.« (zfrmfl 10106, dkvdmpD 1162, ƒhsb drêfb, nrDùt ufsm' 1232bQ)

10. kfsj nhGskfHfsh drIfpsk vfJfv syóf jvsh ydvÛhfb öfmD. dhil-zfil sKsj kfsj v[f jvsh. ²ÃDsj v[f jvsk dosq pdl öfmD wÛ¢v rfsk mfvf pfq, ksh sn wrDslv mpGflf tfH jvsh. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

)<%7#�7�>@d�7�7#7��<1<�د:ون':.Fb�\� 9.7a�،�<%7#7�7و�>@d�7�7د7#<1<�د:ون':.Fb�\� 9.7a�،�<%7#7��7و��>@d�7د<&!<�1<��د:ون�7':.Fb�\� 9.7a�،�<%7#7�7و�>@d�71<�د:ون>�<fF$�7':.Fb�7a\� 9..(� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ kfv mft-Lb v[f jvsk dosq Jcb rq, sn wrDl. sp hAdÙÁ dbu vÙÁ (iafB) v[f jvsk dosq Jcb rq, sn wrDl. sp kfv äDb v[f jvsk dosq Jcb rq, sn wrDl ˆhQ sp kfv idvhfv v[f jvsk dosq Jcb rq, snW wrDl.« (zfrmfl, dkvdmpD, zfhC lf†l, bfnf„, dmwjfk 3529bQ)

zbcv™i ²ÃDsj ufrfâfm sKsj v[f jvfW kfv ˆj hV lfdqk¶. kfsj äDb, zfj¶Dlf, idhÛkf, ƒhflk, rfvfm, rftft, zdLjfv W hAhrfv iaHxdk dw[f dlsq n{jfu jvsk zfslw W zn{jfsu hfLf dlsq zfïfrv zfpfh sKsj svrfƒ slsh öfmD.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,


}�7&��7._&F$�7%&>XKא�'א7#4!:�א�'@d�<-@C7�@y�F$�<-@C >�<fF$7א�و��7��7f:د'@d7�7@�א�!8�س:�و��7S>2�א�`�2&-)��٦(}....و7א� �ªsr „mfblfvoB! skfmvf dbsuslvsj ˆhQ dbu idvhfvsj ufrfâfm sKsj

hf]yfW; pfv ƒáb mfbcN W ifKv --.« (kfrvDm } 6) 11. ²ÃDsj ncdw[f slWqf, Hfstf jfsu …äcÝ jvf W m¦l jfsu hfLf slWqf

öfmDv jkGhA. sn zbcmdk yfƒst kfsj mndusl spsk hfLf bf slWqf …dyk ydvÛhfb icv¢sNv. spsrkc snJfsbW ncdw[f tfH jvfv ncspfo zfsY. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�»Fe�7:'א�!<�7/�7��7#9)�>1K�7א��>x�7�7#�>1Kא��<%>CF�7�7و%<x:�<�7 >��8%:f7و�\WF�>y7/«�.� �ªzfïfrv hf¦lDslvsj mndusl zfnsk hfvB jsvf bf, ksh kfvf spb

sJfwhC hAhrfv bf j'sv nflfdnLfHfsh zfsn.« (zfrmfl 9645, zfhC lf†l 565, nrDùt ufsm' 7457bQ)

12. ²ÃDv LmG, slr, spZhb W mpGflfq „NGfhfb rWqf ˆhQ ˆ nsh sjfb iajfv jtË tfosk bf slWqf öfmDv …iv kfv ˆj zdLjfv. nckvfQ ²ÃD ˆj …Ùm nQv[BDq W drIfuskv dudbn. stfsjv mcsJ-mcsJ, ivicv¢Nslv syfsJ-syfsJ W pchjslv msb- msb dhyvB jvsk bf slWqf; pfsj slJf slWqf kfv ²ÃDv is[ rfvfm, kfsj nfLfvB zbcmdk dlsq hfdV zfnsk-spsk bf slWqf ncicv¢sNv jmG.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, )mM��e�<!7&:�@z�� M7#<�&7'>م�7(� >.9->�א>Rא��ق_�א��@�$<�Fوא��>MF�?x7�7@א��@M7.?�7�7@ل�9א��x?��"�:§'_&8وא��.(� �

ªdkb hAdÙÁv dlsj zfïfr djqfmskv dlb kfdjsq slJshb bf; dikf-mfkfv zhfLA n§Àfb, icv¢sNv shwLfvD mdrtf ˆhQ smVf (²ÃD-jbAfv ilGfrDbkf W sbfQvfmDv hAfifsv „NGfrDb) icv¢N.« (zfrmfl, bfnf„ 2561 bQ)

)mM��e�7ن'@�:G<�7&�@M8!Fوא��8&_'§:��<'א�<�7&>1<�א��ق_�א��@MF�>x7��).א�!?��<�و �ªdkb hAdÙÁ ufâfsk pfsh bf; dikf-mfkfv zhfLA n§Àfb, sHVf icv¢N ˆhQ

icv¢sNv shwLfvD mdrtf.« (bfnf„ 21555, hfppfv, rfsjm 1/72, nrDùt ufsm' 3063bQ)

13. ÈBLv öfmD dbu ²ÃDv sjfb vrnA hf sofib jKf zisvv jfsY iajfw jsv bf. spmb ²ÃDv v™i-spZhb W kfv nQnsoG spZbncsJv jKfW zbA icv¢sNv jfsY …sïJ j'sv kxdå W muf sbq bf. spsrkc kf „NGfrDb icv¢Nslv zHAfn.

14. ²ÃDv spZb-zfrhfsb nk¶v nfVf slWqf …dyk ydvÛhfb öfmDv. bfvDv mb W spZhb LDv W wf§À iajxdkv. spZb hAfifsv icv¢sNv mskf k{iv bq. dj§Â HfoAÛÁsm zsbj öfmD ˆ hfufsv ovm rq, ²ÃD rq Efàf. zsbj öfmD Efàf rq, ²ÃD rq ovm. khcW ²ÃD wf§À Kfsj. icv¢N ³LpG vfJsk ifsv bf, ²ÃD


ifsv. dj§Â öfmD Efàf iajxdkv rst, idvwamD rst zKhf ³hvfoA-nfLsb nWqfh zfsY msb jvst ²ÃDv zh²¿f dhLhfv mskf rq.

ivsrpofv nfsrh zdLjfvDv zdLjfv bó jsv. sn nWqfshv dy§Àfq Kfsj, dj§Â sn ufsb bf sp, ²ÃDv ivswW nWqfh zfsY. sn mf-sj iafLfbA slq, dj§Â ufsb bf sp, ˆjusbv rj dYdbsq zivsj lfb jvst ycdvjxk efjf lfb jvf rq. zfïfr, äDb, mf-hfi, ²ÃD, n§Àfb, háchfáh, smrmfb iaHxdk iaskAsjv dbu dbu rj zfsY, zfv pKfKGHfsh iaskAsjv rj zflfq jvsk rq. ˆjusbv Hfo sjse zbAsj dlst zbAfq rq.

>{�F}?"7�>��F(9ن8(F�7��R7+�F}>�y7!>�7و�F}< F�7��R7+�F}>�<fFA>�7و�F}< F�7��R7+�>�<�FAFb�8�@u��>ذ�k7+�:1KR7+.( `dbÇyq skfmfv …iv skfmfv iaHcv zdLjfv vsqsY. skfmfv iadk skfmfv

zfk¹fvW zdLjfv zfsY ˆhQ skfmfv iadk skfmfv idvhfsvvW zdLjfv vsqsY. zkˆh kcdm iaskAj zdLjfvDsj kfv zdLjfv ialfb jv.' (hcJfvD 1968bQ)

²ÃDv v™i-spZhsbv iadk msbfspfo bf dlsq nWqfshv zfwf jsv zsbj rkHfoA icv¢N? zKy kfskW sp nWqfh zfsY, kf rqskf ufsb bf zKhf mfsb bf sn. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�7�7�7x�<�Fd�7Tא�@��d8�7�7/��7#�<-@CF@'ن�7"<1<��((�F�7وF$�:��@u7و�،�Md7��73��M72 >�<��7/�?�@C>"�8��7(ن¦��C7/�?��9%�7��\p�.7�7و�،�mMFd7��73�>� ��MFd7�73��MF،�و�F��"�\�<#$7>�:و>�<.7/�?�@u7و�،�MFd7�73��7� >�27/�?�@u7و�،MFd7�73

�mMFd7�73�<-@u>�7+F$�9]< �)).א�@!>mMFd7�73�9�FC،�و��": �ªzfïfr dj skfmfslv ubA nfljfr jvfv mk dudbn lfb jsvbdb?

db}ns¦lsr iaskAj kfnhDr nfljfr, iaskAj kfjhDv nfljfr, iaskAj kfrtDt nfljfr, Hft jfsuv dbslGw slWqf nfljfr W m¦l jfu sKsj dbsNL jvf nfljfr ˆhQ skfmfslv ²ÃD-dmtb jvfW nfljfr.«

nfrfhfoB htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfslv sj… ²ÃD-dmtb j'sv dbsuv spZb[cLf dbhfvB jsv, ksh ˆskW dj kfv icBA rsh?' dkdb htstb,

�))��:1�F��7ن��Fu�9ل��F�7.7��7��אs79ذ7א�و)�F}>�7XCb؟��\� 1<�و9زF�7��7ن�FuF$7.7�7��+�7אم�s7و�<'F��<-:&$7�$�\�<xF$.((� �

ªjD vfq skfmfslv, pdl sj… zShLHfsh spZb-dmtb jsv, kfrst dj kfv ifi rsh? (dbÇyq rsh.) zbcv™i sn pdl ShLHfsh (²ÃD-dmtb jsv) dbsuv jfm[cLf dbhfvB jsv, kfrst kfsk kfv icBA rsh.« (mcndtm 2376bQ)

²ÃDv iadk …lfnDb rst sn ivjDq siasm sI]sn spsk ifsv. zfv kfsk ifi rq


öfmDv. spmb kfv n©mdk YfVf hfdV sYsV hfƒsv hf dhslsw Kfjf zh²¿fq sn ifi jvstW öfmDv ifi rsh.

15. ˆjfdLj ²ÃD rst msbv Hfstfhfnfsj Hfo j'sv dlsk bf ifvstW slsrv ivwsj Hfo j'sv dlsk rsh. kf bf ifvst zfïfrv vnCt � hstsYb,

»7#<%�;7��Fu�:1F��97�ن/F$7�<#7�ل�7،�א�Fb��F�9)��7�f�7(9+>�7א�7�x7'>م�&�M7#�7 >R�1و�7א£R>a�7#>��«.� �ªsp hAdÙÁv lc'de ²ÃD zfsY, dj§Â sn k¦msLA ˆjdev dlsj U]csj pfq, ˆv™i hAdÙÁ

djqfmskv dlb kfv zLGslr Lnf zh²¿fq …id²¿k rsh.« (zfrmfl 2/347, zfnrfsh ncbfb, rfsjm 2/186, ƒhsb drêfb 4194bQ)

16. LbstfHD öfmDv ²ÃDLsb stfH Kfsj. Ist kfv ixKj Lb-n©idÙ Kfjst zKhf yfjdvv shkb Kfjst kf rfdksq sbWqfv syóf jsv. zsbsj sn Lb rfsk jsv znrfq ²ÃDv Jfn zdLjfv bó jsv. zKy mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}�7&��7._&F$�7%&>XK7#4!:'א�א��Feא�'@�@uA7/�<-@CF7א�'<#F$�<-@C7!< 7"��9��>h�7��>"�Ke9)ن�F$��7ن'�@C7/��7��7S>/��%�7��7��7אض/�<-@C!?#�Fe7א�و'@�:R7/�<-@C7�@y�F$�8ن�7א��71(9ن�Fu�<-@C>"�� >+7�{)�٢٩�(��א�!��' �

zKGf{, sr dhÇhfdnoB! skfmvf ˆsj zsbAv n©idÙ zbAfqHfsh oafn jsvf bf. ksh skfmfslv iv±iv n©mdkÛÁsm hAhnfv mfLAsm (oarB jvst kf ShL). zfv dbsuslvsj rkAf jsvf bf; dbÇyq zfïfr skfmfslv iadk ivm lqftc. (dbnf } 29)�

zkˆh zbcmdk YfVf kfv zKG hAq jvf zKhf nQnfsv dbsu hAq jvsk jfiGBA j'sv ²ÃDsj hAq jvsk hfLA jvf ydvÛhfb öfmDv jfu rsk ifsv bf.

17. Hct dbsqƒ mfbcsNv uDhb. dj§Â sn Hcstv nQswfLb rWqf iasqfub. Hcstv mfncstv ufqofq pdl [mf rq, kfrstƒ nQnfv ncJmq rsq WsE. nckvfQ mrfb zfïfrv ˆƒ hfBD iaskAj öfmDv msb vfJf …dyk; dkdb hstb,

}�7&��7._&F$�7%&>XK9ن7#4�8!:'א�א�)�<%>#�<-@C>xز>و7אF$��<-@u>د��F�<وF$7��7:وא��و��<-�@CK��<-:fو:�7X�<+�Fbא��و7(9ن�'�@y<�7/2:'א��Fy<��7/7و��\�א��Fb�71K,9ن�8وy<r7/7<�:وא'@yF|�\- >+8�{)�١٤�(��'��%"�r`א��

ªsr mcdmboB! dbÇyq skfmfslv ²ÃD W n§Àfb-n§Àdkv msLA sj… sj… skfmfslv (ifdKGh W ifvstZdjj dhNsqv) wÛ¢. zkˆh kfslv hAfifsv skfmvf nkjG sKsjf. zhwA (äDbD dhNsq zbAfq sKsj kWhf jvst W ifdKGh dhNqj zbAfsq) skfmvf pdl Wslvsj mfuGbf jv, Wslv slfN-Û¢de …si[f jv ˆhQ Wslvsj [mf jsv lfW kfrst susb vfJ sp, zfïfr [mfwDt, ivm lqftc.« (kfofhcb 14 zfqfk)

²ÃDv sYfeJfe Hcst ³LpGLfvB jvf ydvÛhfb zflwG öfmDv jkGhA. Hfstfhfnf jcvhfbD yfq, jcvhfbD dlsk bf ifvst Hfstfhfnf zdbhGfB Kfsj bf.

*****


zfk¹Dq-öusbv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf

zfk¹Dqslv nfsK näAhrfv jvf ˆhQ n¤ydvÛkfv zfyvB jvf ˆjde uv¢vD dhNq. spsrkc mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw kfƒ. mrfbhD �-ˆv zfslw kfƒ. „mfsbv lfhD kfƒ.

spsrkc zfk¹Dqkfv n©ijG dYâ jvst zfïfr n©ijG dYâ jsvb. spsrkc Îfdkháb hufq vfJf zfïfrv dbje diaq jfu ˆhQ Îfdkháb dYâ

jvf zfïfrv dbje OxBA jfu. zfk¹Dq pdl zfk¹Dqkf hufq bf vfJsk yfq, khcW kfv nfsK dbsuv jkGhA

drnfsh háb hufq vfJfv syóf j'sv spsk rsh. sn bf ˆstW zfibfsj spsk rsh. sn bf dlstW zfibfsj dlsk rsh. sn lfWqfk bf dlstW zfibfsj dlsk rsh. zfibfv zncsJ sn slJf jvsk bf ˆstW zfibfsj kfv zncsJ slJf jvsk spsk rsh. sn zLm rst zfibfsj …Ùm rsk rsh. kshƒ zfidb ydvÛhfb mfbcN. kshƒ zfidb Hfstf mfbcN. kfsk zfibfv zfqc hfVsh, zfibfv hqsn hjGk rsh. zfibfv v¢pD-svfpofsvW hjGk rsh.

zfk¹Dqsj dhswN …its[A lfWqfk dlb. kfv dhisl nfrfpA jv¢b. kfv zHfsh lfb jv¢b. spsrkc zfk¹Dqsj lfb jvst Fht nWqfh tfH rq. mfsU-msLA dpqfvk jv¢b. nmqfHfsh pfWqf-zfnf bf jvsk ifvstW sIfsbv mfLAsm sJ]fu-Jhv dbb.

ksh msb vfJshb, zfk¹Dqkfv háb zsi[f „mfsbv háb shdw muhck. zfwf jdv kf hcdUsq htfv lvjfv rsh bf. spsrkc zfidb ˆ jfu jvshb zfïfrv Wqfs²À. zfv zfk¹Dq pdl zfïfrv lcwmb rq, kfrst zfïfrv lcwmsbv nfsK zfibfv n©ijG jDsnv?

ifvst zfk¹Dqv hácv nfsKW n©ijG hufq vfJcb. spsrkc `slf²À jf slf²À, slf²À srfkf rAfq.'

zfv susb vfJshb, zfk¹Dqkfv háb sYlb jvfv wfd²À lcdbqfskW ifWqf pfq. zfv zfsJvfskW zfsY. snJfsb zfk¹Dqkfv háb sYlbjfvDv ²¿fb ufrfâfsm. zfv zfk¹Dqkfv háb hufqjfvD ufâfk tfsH LbA rsh.

zfïfr jv¢b, zfidb ydvÛhfb rb ˆhQ ufâfktfsH LbA rb.�


iadkshwDv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf

ydvÛhfsbv zbAkm n¤ydvÛkf rt, iadkshwDv nfsK Hfstf hAhrfv jvf. zfïfr kfzftfv dbslGw,

}��7#��77 ��7 >~��و7"<��'7א�<��7&>%�9(9+>��7��وX��>"7<��אR�@�>"��7و7א�a�>1��>"א�'@u9�<��:/�e7و�F��و7א�>�:��:وא�א��<;�FCF�7#��7#7�9و� ��9אS�:!:�<�و7א��7S��>"�>�>+�8!>�<�و7א">�9%א��8<�7S��7و7א"<�@R��9ذ<��א��7S��9و7א�>u�7�7�و7א�

F$�<-@C:��7�<&{� �zKGf{, skfmvf zfïfrv …ifnbf jv W sjfb djYcsj kf]v zQwD jsvf bf

ˆhQ dikf-mfkf, zfk¹Dq-öub, dikxrDb, zHfhoa²À, zfk¹Dq W zbfk¹Dq iadkshwD, nÌD-nfKD, iKyfvD ˆhQ skfmfslv zdLjfvHcÙÁ lfn-lfnDslv iadk näAhrfv jv. (nCvf dbnf 36 zfqfk)

sp icv¢N kfv iadkshwDv jfsY Hfstf, sn zfnstƒ Hfstf. sp smsq kfv iadkshdwbDv jfsY Hfstf, sn zfnstƒ Hfstf smsq. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))��F��7�7/��7 >�:f:->��<��7�+<�<1<�،�و�7G7¦:�א�<�¦7אن��9<!>��7אG��F��7�7/�>�7 >�:�א�3F>72��<��<!>��7אG�>�9��7S>��<-:f:�< 7G.((� �

ªzfïfrv dbje nshGfÙm nÌD sn, sp kfv nÌDv jfsY …Ùm. zfïfrv dbje snƒ iadkshwD nshGfÙm, sp kfv iadkshwDv lxdósk nhGfdLj …Ùm.« (zfrmfl 6566, dkvdmpD 1944, ƒhsb Jcpfƒmf, ƒhsb drêfb, rfsjm, dn} nrDrfr 103bQ)�

ˆj hAdÙÁ vfnCtcïfr �-sj htt, `zfdm Hfstf jfu jsvdY, bf m¦l jfu jsvdY, kf jDHfsh ufbsk ifvh?' bhD � htstb,

7�<�>;�7(9ذ7א((��F}77א�¦>x�7ن'@�'@R7&�<�Fd�7;<!7�<+F$�<�FRFb�7;<!7�<+F$7.:->�و7(9ذ7א�<�>��$R7&�<�Fd��7WA�7�F@'�@'ن7��7<�FRFb�7WA7�F$.((� �

ªpJb kcdm skfmfv iadkshwDv mcsJ htsk ðbsh sp, kcdm Hft jfu jsvY, kfrst kcdm (nkAƒ) Hft jfu jsvY. zfv pJb kcdm skfmfv iadkshwDv mcsJ htsk ðbsh sp, kcdm m¦l jfu jsvY, kfrst kcdm (nkAƒ) m¦l jfu jsvY.« (zfrmfl 3808, ƒhsb mfufr 4222-4223, k¶fhfvfbD 10280, nrDùt ufsm 610bQ)

iadkshwDv nfsK näAhrfv W zbcoar jvst iajxk mc'dmb rWqf pfq. znäAhrfv jvst iCBG mc'dmb rWqf pfq bf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))9k8/9م�7א��727��7��و7א�>ض�7א�!8�سC7/�7�7�<�F$�9@%>�א�>"��7-7��Fd��:1�Kא��F}�F��<%�@C7/��7!|F$��9א�!�8�س��<%>��<+F$7و��F�9)�


FJ9��7x�<%@C7/��!>#<o:#�8�>+F$72<��_��#7��<�!8�س�9و:/��F}>��y7!>��<%�@C7/��>�<��:#��F�7و��<��>=C:/��F}>28 ��Fb��F�7��<=Fu,9ن��8א��>}>28 ;:�א�>�:/�7��FR�א((� �

ªdbdNÝ W rfvfm dudbn sKsj sh]sy Kfj, kfrst kcdm mfbcsNv msLA nh sysq hV zfshl (ƒhflkjfvD) oBA rsh. zfïfr pf skfmfsj dlsqsYb, kfskƒ idvkcó Kfj, ksh kcdmƒ mfbcsNv msLA nh sysq hV LbD rsh. iadkshwDv iadk zbcoar jv, kfrst kcdm ˆjub (Jf]de) mc'dmb dhshdyk rsh. mfbcsNv ubAW kf-ƒ iY¦l jv, pf kcdm dbsuv ubA iY¦l jv, kfrst kcdm ˆjub (Jf]de) mcndtm oBA rsh. zfv Jch shwD rfnsh bf, jfvB, zdLj rfdn z§Àvsj smsv slq.« (zfrmfl 8095, dkvdmpD 2305bQ, nrDùt ufsm 4580, 7833bQ)

iadkshwDv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf ialwGb jvst dbsuv hqn hfVfsbf pfq. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))@MF�>3�9->+8�9و7+:�>%:�א��k@�@�9و7+:�>%:�א��7&:�7�?�>ن�7אS�<'7א��p>b�9و9v7&7د>ن�7א��?&7��7�<�Fא�.((� �ªzfk¹Dqkfv háb hufq vfJf, nc¦lv ydvÛ zhtìb jvf ˆhQ iadkshwDv nfsK

näAhrfv vfJfq slw zfhfl Kfsj ˆhQ zfqc hxdÝ ifq.« (zfrmfl 25259, hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb 7969, nrDùt ufsm 3767bQ)

iadkshwDv nfsK jDHfsh n¤ydvÛkf hufq vfJf pfsh? kfsj sjfb iajfv jó slWqf sKsj dhvk Kfjsk rsh. spsrkc snef „mfsbv

lfhD. mrfbhD � hstsYb, )):�7��7x�>ذ<o:&�F�Fb�،�9�G7'م�9א� ��و7א��"�:%>#<o:&�7ن�Fu�<%7#.((...� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfr W swN dlsbv iadk dhÇhfn vfsJ, sn spb kfv iadkshwDsj jó bf slq.---« (hcJfvD 6018, mcndtm 182bQ)

iadkshwDsj jó dlst ufâfk tfH rsh bf. hvQ ˆmb jólfkfv ²¿fb rsh ufrfâfsm. mrfbhD � hstsYb,�

))�F��:- >R7<�7&�:7�نZ9)��<�7��87+�7- >R7<�7&�:1:��Fd��F�7و��:- >R7<��7&��:1�:��Fd��87+��7- >R7<��7&��:1:��7��>��F�7و�:�:G<�7&�\�:x7��FM8!7S�א��F��:%7#A7&�:�:��7x�:1FR>7'7א�".((� �

ªsjfb hf¦lfv „mfb lcv²À rq bf; pk[B ipG§À bf kfv r™lq lcv²À rq ˆhQ kfv r™lqW lcv²À rq bf pk[B ipG§À bf kfv durf lcv²À rq. zfv sn hAdÙÁ ufâfsk iashw jvsh bf, pfv iadkshwD kfv zdbó sKsj dbvfiÙf bf ifq.« (zfrmfl 13048, k¶fhfvfbD 10401bQ)

zfhC ùvfƒvf � jkxGj hdBGk, ˆj hAdÙÁ htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zmcj mdrtf shwD shwD (bIt) bfmfp isV, svfpf vfsJ W lfb-Jqvfk jsv hst


…sïJ jvf rq; dj§Â sn dbu duH äfvf (znHA jKf hst hf ofdt dlsq) iadkshwDsj jó slq. (kfv hAfifsv zfibfv zdHmk jD?)' dkdb htstb, ªsn slfpsJ pfsh.« stfjde zfhfv htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zmcj mdrtf z¬i (bIt) bfmfp isV, svfpf vfsJ W lfb-Jqvfk jsv hst …sïJ jvf rq; dj§Â sn dbu duH äfvf (znHA jKf hst hf ofdt dlsq) iadkshwDsj jó slq bf. (kfv hAfifsv zfibfv zdHmk jD?)' dkdb htstb, ªsn shsrsñ pfsh.« (zfrmfl 9675, ƒhsb drêfb 5764, rfsjm 7305, nrDr kfvoDh 2560bQ)

kfv ubA kfƒ iY¦l jvsk rsh, pf dbsuv ubA jvf rq. spsrkc kf bf jvst iCBG mc'dmb rWqfƒ pfsh bf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�»i>XKو7א��>�y7��>�>�7 >"�Fe�:%>#<o:&�\�<�7��87+��8��>2:&��>�9��7S>��–�<وF$��7ل��Fd��>1� >GF��–��7#��_��>2:&�>1>�y7!>�«�.� �

ªsnƒ nÙfv wiK, p]fv rfsk zfmfv iafB zfsY! sjfb hf¦lf kk[B ipG§À (iCBG) mcdmb rsk ifsv bf, pk[B ipG§À bf sn kfv iadkshwD zKhf (sjfb) Hfƒsqv ubA kfƒ iY¦l jsvsY, pf sn dbsuv ubA jsv.« (mcndtm 180bQ)

zfibfv hfdVsk Hfstf djYc Jfhfv ³kdv rst iadkshwDsj djYc …irfv ifEfb. Hfstf bf rstW nfLAmskf djYc bf djYc ifdEsq nc¦lv ydvsÛv idvyq dlb.

zfhC pfvG � hstb, ˆjlf vfnCtcïfr � htstb, ªsr zfhC pfvG! pJb kcdm sUft (Wqftf kvjfdv) vfâf jvsh, kJb kfsk ifdbv idvmfB shwD jv ˆhQ skfmfv iadkshwDslv sJqft vfJ.«

zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfhC pfvG hstb, zfmfsj zfmfv hác (bhD �) zdnqk j'sv hstsYb sp,

7 >�;��$f>��7א�>�7#�،�8-:��<��@z��7�Fh��Fd7�7#�<�>=uAFb��f>;�7(9ذ7א((�"��<%�>#��F}�>7א�¦>x�،��<-:.<��>3AFb��7.<!>#��:و>".((��

ªpJb kcdm sUft (Wqftf kvjfvD) vfâf jvsh, kJb kfsk ifdbv idvmfB shwD jv. zk}iv skfmfv iadkshwDv hfdVsk vDdkmk si]ZsY lfW.« (mcndtm 6855-6856bQ)

dkdb mdrtfslv …sÜswA hstsYb, �))��7a�7%>�<�>b�<'F�77/<.7��و��7S>��m��7x�87ن�>R<27/�Fe�،�>W�7��)).&7��<�7��7א�@�>�< �

ªsr mcndtm mdrtfoB! sjfb iadkshdwbD spb kfv ziv iadkshdwbDv …isTZjbsj kc¤Y msb bf jsv; pdlW kf Yfostv ifsqv [cv srfj bf sjb.«


(hcJfvD 2566, 6017, mcndtm 2426bQ) iadkshwDv sJ]fu-Jhv dbb. i]fy ƒdÑ slWqfstv ziv ifsw hnhfnjfvD

zfibfv iadkshwDv rft-zh²¿f jD, kf ufbfv syóf jv¢b. zfibfv I½Afe hf hfdVv zfswifsw pfvf Kfsj, kfslv sJ]fu-Jhv dbb. kfvf sJsk bf sist ˆhQ zfidb sie icsv sJst zfibfv ydvÛ nc¦lv bq, zfibfv „mfbW idviCBG bq. mrfbhD � hstsYb,


Kfsj.« (hcJfvDv zflfh 112, k¶fhfvfbD 12573, rfsjm, hfƒrfjD 20160, nrDùt ufsm 5382bQ)

zfidb zfibfv hfdVv lvuf há vfJcb, dj§Â iadkshwDv iashwiK spb sJftf Kfsj. kfv zHfh-zdHspfso, ncsJ-lc}sJ, zfbs¦l-swfsj zfidb W zfibfv hfdVv stfj spb wvDj Kfsjb. bsy{ susb vfJcb, mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))<-Fu�<%>#��7x�\kN�7�7:#�>�9��7S>"�77'>م&�>M7#�7 >R�ل:�א'@R7&�:�7&�?�7��و��p�>!7�7!7#7د:و�<�7X7f��7-�>��7k�F�|F$��:1�7"�7"��pא��7>�!:1F�< Fb.((� �

ªjk iadkshwD kfv iadkshwDsj djqfmskv dlb (zfïfrv jfsY) Lsv ˆsb htsh, sr zfmfv iadkiftj! ˆsj duÎfnf jv¢b, sjb ˆ zfmfv mcsJ lvuf há svsJdYt ˆhQ iasqfubfdkdvÙÁ h²Â sKsj dhvk svsJdYt?« (zfnhfrfbD, hcJfvDv zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 111, dn} nrDrfr 2646bQ)�

iadkshwDv jólfsb ³LpGLfvB jv¢b. kfrst zfidb mrfb iadkiftsjv Hfstfhfnf tfsH LbA rshb. vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb, ªzfïfr dkb hAdÙÁsj Hfstfhfsnb. (kfslv msLA ˆj hAdÙÁ rt) snƒ hAdÙÁ, pfv iadkshwD kfsj jó slq. dj§Â sn kfv jsó ³LpGLfvB jsv. idvswsN mxkcA zKhf ²¿fbf§Àv kfslvsj ixKj jsv slq. (zfrmfl 21340, n} ufsm' 3074bQ)

idvswsN susb vfJcb sp, ªiadkshwDv bq ˆmb 10de mdrtfv nfsK hAdHyfv jvfv yfƒsk iadkshwDv 1de mdrtfv nfsK hAdHyfv zdLjkv dbjxó. iadkshwDv bq ˆmb 10de hfdVsk ycdv jvfv yfƒsk iadkshwDv 1de hfdVsk ycdv jvf zdLjkv dbjxó.« (zfrmfl 23854, hcJfvDv zflfh 103, k¶fhfvfbD 16993, nrDùt ufsm' 5043bQ)

zfv iadkshwDv nfsK jtsrv dhyfv jft djqfmsk nhfv zfso rsh. (zfrmfl 17372, k¶fhfvfbD 14252, 14268, nrDr kfvoDh 2557bQ)


smrmfsbv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf hfdrv sKsj sp stfj zfibfv nf[f{ hf nfrfpA jfmbf j'sv zfibfv jfsY

zfsn, sn hdrvfok zdkdK zfibfv smrmfb. pfsj dpqfIk zKhf lfWqfk dlsq zfidb zfiAfqb jvsk yfb, snW zfibfv smrmfb. zfv zfidb rshb smphfb; htf hfùtA, zfibfv ubA smrmfb-sbWqfpD zKGf{ smrmfsbv Jfdkv jvfv Èv¢k¶ vsqsY ƒntfsm.

�))��9��>G�7'م�9א� �<�و7א��"�:%>#<o�:&�7ن�Fu�<%7#71:،�وFy< 7s�<9م�C: �Fb�9�>G7'م�9א� �<�و7א��"�:%>#<o:&�7ن�Fu�<%7#Fb�<;:�<�7 7 >�א�$Fو>��<G�<�@R7 �Fb�9�>G7'م�9א� �<�و7א��>"�:%>#<o:&�7ن�Fu�<%7#717:�،�و�>+7��<�>�7 �.((� �


1. sj… lfWqfk dlst kf nflsv jhct jv¢b. spsrkc mrfbhD � hstsYb, �))��\T�<�7G�9->�<�@א��F�7��9->�<�@א��_k7+�:��،�9�&9��F�7�د�7@�א� �9،��7د_�א��F�8م9،�و�7<v>��7!Fو7א/?��7�ع:�א�

�9T>h�7א��:; >��)).وM7"�7x9)7@�א��8>'�7<�،�و�7/7> �ªˆjub mcndtsmv ziv mcndtsmv …iv i]fyde zdLjfv vsqsY; nftfsmv

uWqfh slWqf, svfoDsj nf[f{ jsv duÎfnfhfl jvf, ufbfpfq zQwoarB jvf, lfWqfk jhct jvf ˆhQ r]fdyv uWqfsh (zftrfmlc dtïfr htf wcbst) `qAfvrfmcjfïfr' htf.« (hcJfvD 1280bQ, mcndtm 2162bQ)

htf hfùtA, ztDmfv ubA zfmd§Ãk rst …id²¿k rWqf Wqfsuh. sp hAdÙÁ dhbf Wusv ˆmb sHfsu …id²¿k rq bf, sn hAdÙÁ zfïfr W kf]v vnCstv zhfLA. (hcJfvD, mcndtm) ˆmb dj svfpf svsJ KfjstW …id²¿k rsq kfslv ubA lczf jvsk rsh. (zfrmfl, mcndtm, bfnf„) zkˆh sJsk hfLf KfjstW …id²¿k rWqf uv¢vD.

zhwA lfWqfsk rfduv rWqf Wqfsuh iftsbv ubA wkG vsqsY. spmb}- (j) lfWqfklfkf spb ˆmb stfj bf rq, pfsj wvqD W nfmfdujHfsh huGb

jvf Wqfsuh hf mc²Àfrfh. (J) ˆv iCshG spb zbA sj… lfWqfk bf dlsq Kfsj. sn zh²¿fq sp zfso

lfWqfk dlsqsY, kfv lfWqfkƒ oarB jvf Wqfsuh. spmb ˆjƒ nsÌ lc'ub


lfWqfk dlst ˆhQ zivub zfk¹Dq rst, zfk¹Dqkfv Jfdksv kfvƒ lfWqfk iafLfbA ifsh. lcƒ iadkshwD ˆj nsÌ lfWqfk siw jvst, pfv hfdVv lvuf dbjse kfv lfWqfkƒ iafLfbA ifsh.

(o) lfWqfk zbcôfsb spb sjfb iajfv wvDqk-dhsvfLD jmG bf rq. rst lfWqfsk …id²¿k rWqf ShL bq. ksh ‰ dhsvfLD jmG há jvfv [mkf Kfjst lcde jfvsB …id²¿k rWqf Wqfsuh.

iaKmk} zfïfrv bhD � lfWqfk oarB jvsk zfslw jsvsYb. zfv däkDqk} dkdb n{ jfsu zfslw ˆhQ m¦l jfsu hfLf lfsbv dbslGw

dlsqsYb. nckvfQ ztDmf zbcôfsb zw½Dt hf zShL jmGjDdkG (ofb-hfubf, dHdFW, dndF, ml iaHxdk) yst sn ztDmfq …id²¿k rsq pdl …islswv mfLAsm kf há jvsk ifsv ksh ‰ sHfu JfWqf ShL. bsy{ bf sJsq dIsv pfWqf Wqfsuh. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

>.7��&:�א�:�#��F�Fb�T�É��F�7��א��Gو7א� 7'>م�"<��o:&�1K#%��ن�Fu7و%#7...�«F�7��.»א�� diaq bhD � hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfr W ivjfst dhÇhfn vfsJ sn spb

jJbƒ snƒ sHfu-mudtsn bf hsn, pfsk mlA idvshdwk rq.« (zfrmfl, dkvdmpD, rfsjm, zflfhcp dpIfI 163-164 ix})

ˆjlf rpvk zftD � bhD -sj dbm§ÃB jvst dkdb k]fv oxsr Ydh slsJ dIsv sostb. zftD � htstb, `jD jfvsB dIsv ˆstb, sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfv mf-hfi zfibfv ubA jcvhfb srfj.' dkdb …Ùsv htstb, ªoxsrv ˆj ilGfq (iafBDv) Ydh vsqsY. zfv dIdvñfhoG sn oxsr iashw jsvb bf sp oxsr Ydh Kfsj.« (ƒhsb mfufr iaHxdk, zflfhcp dpIfI 161ix})

ƒhsb mfn†l �-sj ˆj hAdÙÁ lfWqfk dlt. dkdb stfjdesj sFsj duÎfnf jvstb, Òsv mCdkG (hf efÌfsbf Isef) zfsY bfdj?' stfjde htt, `r]Af zfsY.'

zk}iv snƒ mCdkG (hf Isef) bó bf jvf ipG§À dkdb iashw jvstb bf. lCv jvf rst kshƒ iashw jvstb. (hfƒrfj¶D, zflfhcp dpIfI 165 ix})

ƒmfm zfWpf„ hstb, `sp ztDmfq sTft-khtf W hflAp§Ã Kfsj sn ztDmfq zfmvf …id²¿k rƒ bf.' (zflfhcp dpIfI 165-166ix})

(O) lfWqfklfkf spb mcndtm rq; zKGf{ jfsIv hf zmcndtm bf rq. bsy{ kfv lfWqfk oarB jvf Wqfsuh bq. spsrkc mrfbhD � hstb, ªˆjub mcndtsmv ziv mcndtsmv …iv i]fyde zdLjfv vsqsY---.«

(M) lfWqfklfkf sp mft sKsj lfWqfk JfWqfsh sn mft spb rfvfm bf


rq. kf rst lfWqfk oarB jvf ShL bq. (y) lfWqfk oarsBv Wqfsuh iftb jvsk dosq spb zbA Wqfsuh zKhf

kfv sKsj hV Wqfsuh bó jvf bf rq. (Y) lfWqfk oarBjfvD spb kfsk [dkoa²À bf rq. [dkv öDjfv rst

(spmb hAqhùt hf lCvifïfv nIv jvsk rst, jfsY …id²¿k Kfjf uv¢vD ˆmb öubsj huGb jvsk rst,) lfWqfsk …id²¿k rWqf Wqfsuh bq. (zft-j¶fWtct mcIDl, ƒhsb …NfƒmDb 3/111-113 û})

(u) lfWqfk spb lfWqfk oarBjfvD ubA Jfn rq. zfm rst (spmb } sjfb nHfsk hf ufmfzfsk nfLfvBHfsh lfWqfk sist) sn lfWqfk oarB jvf Wqfsuh bq.

2. smZdJj hf nvfndv lfWqfk bf rstW lCk, ˆtdy, dydE, jfFG hf sedtsIfsbv mfLAsm lfWqfk oarB jvf Wqfsuh.

zhwA lfWqfk sjht lfqnfvfv dbqsk slWqf …dyk bq. lfWqfk slWqfsk zf§Àdvjkf Kfjf zfhdwAj.

3. lfWqfskv dlsb svfpf zh²¿fq KfjstW lfWqfsk …id²¿k rWqf uv¢vD. svfpf Ivp rst JfWqf pfsh bf. bIt rst kfv ˆJdkqfv zfsY. zhwA lfWqfklfkfv mb HfÌfv Hq Kfjst bIt svfpf sHsÌ JfWqfƒ …Ùm. ˆ hAfifsv mrfbhD �-ˆv dbslGw rt, ªbIt svfpflfv dbsuv zfmDv. ƒ¤Yf rst sn svfpf Kfjsk ifsv, zfhfv ƒ¤Yf bf rst sn kf HfÌskW ifsv.« (zfrmfl 6/341, dkvdmpD, rfsjm 1/439, hfƒrfj¶D 4/276 iamcJ, nrDùt ufsm' 3854bQ)

zfhC nf„l JclvD � hstb, ˆjlf zfdm zfïfrv vnCt �-ˆv ubA Jfhfv SkvD jvtfm. dkdb k]fv zbAfbA nryv nr zfmfv hfdVsk ˆstb. zk}iv pJb Jfhfv nfmsb vfJf rt, kJb lstv msLA ˆjub htt, `zfmfv svfpf zfsY.' kf ðsb zfïfrv vnCt � htstb, ªskfmfslv Hfƒ skfmfslvsj lfWqfk dlsq Jvy (hf jó) jsvsY.« zk}iv dkdb kfv …sÜswA htstb, ªsvfpf sHsÌ lfW. zfv yfƒst kfv dhdbmsq zbA ˆjdlb svfpf vfJ.« (hfƒrfj¶D 4/279, k¶fhfvfbD, ƒvWqf…t oftDt 1952bQ)

iajfw Kfsj sp, ˆƒ HfÌf svfpf jfpf jvf uv¢vD bq. (zflfhcp dpIfI 159ix})

4. smrmfb ˆst, kfsj slsJ sJftf msb smphfsbv JcwD iajfw jvf ˆhQ kfsj ˆmb jKf hst öfok ufbfsbf …dyk, pfsk snW sJfw rq ˆhQ njt iajfv däLf W nQsjfy kfv mb sKsj lCv rsq pfq. zfnb sYsV …sE pfWqf


ncmrfb ydvsÛv idvyfqj. vnCt �-ˆv jbAf Ifskmf k]fv dbje ˆst dkdb k]fv iadk …sE dosq k]fv

rfk Lvskb (mcnfIfrfr jvskb), kfsj ycmf dlskb ˆhQ dbsuv zfnsb k]fsj hnfskb. klbcv™i dkdb Ifskmfv dbje ˆst dkdbW dikfv iadk …sE dosq k]fv rfk Lvskb (mcnfIfrfr jvskb), kfsj ycmf dlskb ˆhQ dbsuv zfnsb k]fsj hnfskb. (zfhC lf†l 5217, dkvdmpD 3872bQ)

5. smrmfsbv nfsK pdl sjfb zbfrCk stfj zpfdykHfsh ˆsn spfo slq, kfrst kfv hAfifsv smphfsbv jfsY zbcmdk sbWqf uv¢vD. ˆ s[sÛ ‰ dhbf lfWqfskv zpfdyk stfjdev Jfdkv-skfqfp jvf smphfsbv ubA Wqfsuh bq. hvQ sn yfƒst ‰ If… stfjdesj zbcmdk bfW dlsk ifsv.

ˆjlf ˆj zfbnfvD zfïfrv bhD � nr i]fy ubsj lfWqfk jvst vf²Àfq ˆjde stfj k]fv nÌ Lsv. dkdb snƒ zfbnfvD nfrfhDv jfsY si]ZsY htstb,

))F}8�9)��7!7/<'7�7�7دT>#�7G��M7�<�7G7א��X�7f7و��\��:x7��<��Fd��7!7�>�7/��<9ن,�Fb��7;<~�>a��7;�<�>ذF$��:1�F��<��7و7(9ن;<~�>a�:17u7�7/((.� �

ªkcdm zfmfsj dbsq smfe i]fy ubsj lfWqfk dlsqdYst. dj§Â idKmsLA ˆƒ stfjde zfmfslv nÌ Lsv. ˆJb kcdm Wsj zbcmdk dlst dlsk ifv. bsy{ huGb jvstW jvsk ifv.« zfbnfvD htstb, `hvQ Wsj zbcmdk dld¤Y.' (hcJfvD 5434, mcndtm 2036, dkvdmpD 1099bQ)

6. smrmfsbv Jfdksv zdkvÓb jvshb bf. smrmfsbv Jfdksv hfVfhfdV jvf smphfsbv ubA ShL bq. öfHfdhjHfsh

pkef JfWqfhfv kfv nfLA zfsY kfv sKsj shwD JfWqfhfv syóf jvf ˆhQ kfv ubA bkcb bkcb lfmD lfmD W bfbf vjsmv yhGA-syfNA-strA-siq ˆhQ ej-dmdó-Uft-thB ufkDq bfbf JflA ia²Âk zKhf ÛÁq jvf smphfbDsk zdkvÓb jvfv ipGfqHcÙÁ.

mrfbhD � hstb, ))Fe�8%FyK�FC77&�\�7+F$�>1>y< 7 >��7#�Fe�:�>�R7&�>1< F�7�.((� �

ªsj… spb kfv smrmfsbv ubA zhwAƒ nfLAfkDk jóhvB bf jsv.« (dntdntfr nrDrfr 2440bQ)

…mfv dhb JfÙfh � hstb, `zfmfslvsj ök}±ICkGHfsh hfVfhfdV jvsk dbsNL jvf rsqsY.' (hcJfvD 7293bQ)

smrmfbsj nWqfshv dbqsk JfWqfst nWqfh zfsY. dj§Â kfsk ncbfm


sbWqfv …sÜwA Kfjst nWqfh hfdkt rsq pfsh. bfm Ycefhfv …sÜswA Jvsy Ofm Ycefsbfv mfsU sjfb tfH sbƒ. nWqfhW rsh bf, …iv§Â sjfb djYcsk ˆjec Û¢de Oest hlbfm sKsj svrfƒW ifWqf pfsh bf. zfv bfm YcestW kfv lfmƒ hf jD zfsY?

lfWqfsk jmXdidewb jvfW ShL bq. spmb } zmcj Hfskv nfsK sofmfQn W mfY JfƒsqsY, zfdm Jfdnv mfQn W mfY JfWqfh. ivhkGDsk zmcj zfhfv kf slsJ Jfdnv mfQn W mfsYv nfsK mcvoDv mfQnW spfo jsv dlt. zfv ˆƒHfsh iadkspfdokfv mqlfsb zsbsjƒ yfq sp, JfWqfsbfv hAfifsv snƒ iaKm ²¿fb zdLjfv jvsh. zKy ƒhsb zfêfn � hstb, ìadkspfoDslv Jfbf sJsk dbsNL jvf rsqsY.' (zfhC lf†l 3754bQ) spsrkc kfsk vsqsY stfjialwGb W iv±iv ohG iajfw jvfv iadkspfdokf.

i[f§Àsv ƒntfm zfmfslvsj ifbfrfsv ziyq jvsk dbsNL jsv. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

��)��٣١(}א��:�>�b9�<�:/�:18�9)�Fe�_�>2:&�7�>b9@'א�و�Fe7و7אa>�7":'א�وu@�@'א{'��א��א �zKGf{, skfmvf ifbfrfv jv, dj§Â ziyq jsvf bf. dkdb ziyqjfvDslv

iY¦l jsvb bf. (nCvf zf'vfI 31 zfqfk) }Fe7و�<�?X7�:/א��&>X<�7/)�٢٦�(89ن)9&%�7�?X7�:��א�1<�<�7"?�א��8 >Fl�ن:�وFu7�ن�7א��8 G9)�9�>h�7>'7אنFu�7��:'א�א�'@yFu{��

zKGf{, zfv skfmvf djYcskƒ zihAq jsvf bf. pfvf zihAq jsv kfvf zhwAƒ wqkfsbv Hfƒ. zfv wqkfb kfv iadkiftsjv iadk zdkwq zjxkÎ.« (nCvf ƒnvf 26-27 zfqfk)�

zfv diaq bhD �-ˆv ˆj rflDsnv mmG zbcpfqD ƒhsb zfêfn � hstb, ªpf ƒ¤Yf JfW-iv, ksh spb lc'de dudbn bf Kfsj; ziyq W ohG.« (hcJfvD 5783bQ)

7. jfsvf lfWqfk sist JfWqfv Jch zfsoHfso pfWqf ˆhQ JfWqfv swsN o¬i jvsk Kfjf ShL bq. jfvB kfsk smuhfsbv zncdhLf rsk ifsv. ˆƒ nc¦lv zflh hBGbf jsv jcvzfb hst,

}�7&��7._&F$�7%&>XK7#4!:'א�א��Fא��'@�:G<�7/�7W': >��7�Fh��7�م��(o:&��<-�@CF��F�9>ذ7نF$�7ن�(p>�8!��K�9?א�":F|��7%&9�>¬��7��:��7�9)�<%>CF�79ذ7א�و)�<-: �>:->�Fb,9ذ7א�Fb�د>G:�@'א�د:�<>�Fh�7<�:وא��Fb��F�7��7و�>��>�A7<�:#�� &>��72>��89ن)��<-�@C>�7ن��7ذ��Fu� <�pא�!o:&�8p>�8>ذ<�<�7>27 Fb�<-@C!>#�:1Kو7א��F��7&p> <27<��7%>#�?k72��٥٣(}א�(��א�+vא��' �

zKGf{, sr „mfblfvoB! skfmfslvsj zbcmdk bf slWqf rst skfmvf zfrfpG ia²Âdkv ubA zsi[f bf jsv sHfusbv ubA bhD oxsr iashw jsvf bf. ksh


skfmfslvsj zfrhfb jvst skfmvf iashw jsvf ˆhQ sHfub swsN skfmvf yst spW; skfmvf (sHfub iCshG W isv) jKfhfkGfq mwoct rsq isVf bf. jfvB, (ziasqfubDq iakD[f) bhDv ubA jólfqj, sn skfmfslvsj (…sE pfWqfv ubA htsk) nQsjfy W tÏfshfL jsv. dj§Â zfïfr rj htsk nQsjfyshfL jsvb bf. (nCvf zfrpfh 53 zfqfk)�

8. mcndtm Hfƒ lfWqfk JfWqfst hf sjfb Jfhfv siw jvst kfsj ˆ iaw jvf ShL bq sp, sn Jfhfv rftft, bf rfvfm? spsrkc kfsk mcndtm Hfsqv iadk jcLfvBf rq ˆhQ kfv shƒÏdk rq. kfYfVf kf rt ˆj iajfv zdkvÓb W hfVfhfdV.

mrfbhD � hstb, u:�7+F$��F�7��،>1@->�د�7�7G7(9ذ7א((>GF$�:17�7�hFAFb�<%>#�>1>#�7�Fh�،<�@uA7 �Fb�e7ل>�وFA<�7&��،:1�<!7��<و7(9ن��:��FR�7�� 7�7a�<�7�<�7א"<1<�#<%>Fb�e7ل>�وFA<�7&�:1<!7�.((� �

ªpJb skfmfslv sj… kfv mcndtm Hfsqv dbje iashw jsv ˆhQ sn kfsj dbu Jfhfv JfWqfq, kJb sn spb kf sJsq sbq ˆhQ sn dhNsq sjfb iaw bf jsv. pdl sn dbu ifbDq ifb jvfq, kfrst sn spb kf ifb jsv sbq ˆhQ sn dhNsq sjfb iaw bf jsv.« (nrDùt ufsm' 518bQ)

zhwA pdl rfvfm rWqfv hAfifsv iCBG ns¦lr Kfsj, kfrst duÎfnf j'sv sbWqf uv¢vD. (dntdntfr nrDrfr 2/203)

9. lfWqfskv mudtsn hsqfsuAô stfjslv zbAfbAslv zfso Jfdkv rWqf lvjfv. spsrkc ƒntfsm sYfeslv kctbfq hVslv ixKj mpGflf vsqsY. mrfbhD � hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfmfslv sYfeslv iadk lqf ialwGb jsv bf ˆhQ zfmfslv hVslv zdLjfv dysb bf, sn hAdÙÁ zfmfslv ltHcÙÁ bq.« (zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 353bQ)�

JflA-ifbDq idvshwb jvfv nmq Ffb dlj sKsjƒ ðv¢ jvf …Ùm. ˆjlf zfïfrv vnCt �-ˆv dbje djYc ifbDq zfbf rst dkdb djYc ifb jvstb. (zk}iv nfrfhfoBsj slWqfv ƒ¤Yf jvstb.) k]fv Ffsb dYt ˆjde djswfv ˆhQ hfsm dYt hxÝvf. dkdb djswfvdesj htstb, ªkcdm dj zbcmdk lfW sp, ˆƒ ifbDq zfdm Wslvsj dlƒ?« djswfvde htt, `zfïfrv jnm, sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfibfv dbje sKsj ifWqf Hfo zfdm zbA jf…sj zfso dlsk yfƒ bf.' nckvfQ dkdb kf kfv rfskƒ Ldvsq dlstb. (hcJfvD 5620, mcndtm 2030bQ)

10. smphfb sp Jfhfv siw jsv, kfƒ n§ÂódysÙ JfWqf …dyk smrmfsbv. `êf Jfƒ bf, Wef Jfƒ bf, êf zfmfslv Yfost Jfq, ˆ Jfhfv zfmvf sIst


dlƒ --' ƒkAfdl hst bfj dn]ejfsbf zrQjfv ialwGsbv wfdmt. v¢dy bf rst, FfÙÁfv jkGxj dbdNÝ rst zKhf iY¦l bf rst ˆmb djYc hst uhfh slWqf …dyk, pfsk smphfsbv msb jó bf rq. spmb Jfhfsv sjfb Û¢de idvtd[k rst, smrmfsbv …dyk bq, smphfsbv hlbfm jvf.

mrfbhD � jJsbf Jfhfsvv Û¢de hBGbf jvskb bf. djYc sJsk ƒ¤Yf rst sJskb, bf rst kf huGb jvskb. (hcJfvD 5409, mcndtm 2064bQ iamcJ)

11. ifbfrfsvv iv smrmfsbv …dyk, smphfsbv jxkÎkf iajfw jvf ˆhQ kfv ubA dbdlGó lczf jvf.

12. smrmfb dosq dkbdlsbv shwD smrmfdb jvf …dyk bq. …dyk bq smphfbsj sofbfr zKhf jsó sItf. spsrkc mrfbhD � hstb, ªsmrmfsbv ifdvskfdNj rt ˆj dlb-vfk. smrmfb-sbWqfpD dkb dlb. zfv kfv shwD rt nljfr öv™i. sjfb mcndtsmv ubA kfv Hfsqv dbje ˆkef Kfjf ShL bq, pfsk sn kfsj sofbfrofv jsv sIst.« stfsjvf duÎfnf jvt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! kfsj djHfsh sofbfrofv jsv sIst?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªˆ Wv jfsY sKsj pfq, zKy Wv ˆmb djYc Kfsj bf, pfv äfvf sn smrmfsbv Jfdkv jvsk ifsv.« (hcJfvD 6135, mcndtm)

zsbj zjmGBA, shjfv W j]csV stfj zpfdyk smrmfb rsq zfk¹Dq, dhqfƒ hf hácv hfdVsk dosq smrmfbD jsv shVfsk Hfstfhfsn. dkb dlsbv shwD hsn hsn nljf sJsk zfb¦lshfL jsv. dj§Â sn ˆkecjc zbcHh jvsk ifsv bf sp, kfv ubA smphfb jó ifs¤Y. Hfstf Jfhfv W swfhfv ufqofv hAh²¿f jvsk kfsj sho sisk rs¤Y. hlbfsmv Hsq sn rqskf ‡B jsvW mfY-mcvoD-dFm spfofV jsv kfv Jfdkv jsv pfs¤Y. ˆmb Y]cyf W shrfqf smrmfb dbsq hfdVv stfj nkAƒ I]fisv isV. s±iwft vfâfv yfi isV ²ÃDv …iv. kfsk zsbj ²ÃD dhvÙÁ rq. pfv Ist öfmD-²ÃDsk jtr hfsL. hfdVsk ‰ smrmfb dbsq oDhk yst. ‰ smrmfb nìsá bfbf jcLfvBf jvf rq. msb msb smphfb W kfv hfdVv stfj kfv iadk dhvÙÁ rsq pfq. zfv ˆ nshv Ist kfv nWqfh hfdkt, hvQ …s¬e sn sofbfrv dwjfv rsq pfq. jó rq zKy kfv ItW dmst bf.

zhwA nh jcecm sp nmfb, kf bq. zsbj jcecm zfsY sp nkAƒ mb sKsj Kfjsk W shVfsk hst. sn s[sÛ dkbdlsbv shwD Kfjfq slfN sbƒ. khcW smrmfsbv …dyk, nmq Kfjsk dbsuv mfb h]fdysq sbWqf.

…isvfÙÁ rflDsnv idvsiad[sk smphfsbv …dyk, smrmfb ˆst iaKm ˆjdlb W ˆjvfk kfv Hfstfv™i Jfdkv jvf; zk}iv lcƒdlb öfHfdhj Jfdkv jvf. kfvisvW smrmfb sKsj sost kfsj nfLfvB Jfhfv slWqf ˆhQ


kfv iadk dhvÙÁ bf rWqf. jfvB, kfsk sn nljfv nWqfh zuGb jvsk Kfjsh.

13. smrmfbsj dhlfqjfst hfdVv lvuf ipG§À kfv nfsK nfsK pfWqf …dyk. ofdVsk yVfv nmq kfv nrspfdokf jvf, HfvD djYc Kfjst hsq slWqf ƒkAfdl jmG nc¦lv hAhrfv W ydvsÛv idvyfqj. spsrkc ˆsk smrmfbsj idviCBG n©mfb ialwGb jvf rq. ˆ hAfifsv ntI jkGxj ˆjfdLj hBGbf ifWqf pfq. (zft-zflfhcw wfvƒqAfr 3/227 û})

ˆ rt smrmfsbv nfsK mcndtsmv n¤ydvÛkf. n¤ydvsÛv mcndtm zhwAƒ …ÙÁ njt zflshv sJqft vfsJ.

lfn-lfnDv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf

lfn-lfnD hAhrfv bf jvfƒ …Ùm. khcW iasqfusb p]fvf lfn-lfnD hAhrfv jsvb, k]fslv …dyk, ƒntfmD zflh sJqft vfJf.

1. äDblfv W zfmfbklfv lfn-lfnD dbsqfo jv¢b.

2. Jfslm hf HxskAv HvB-sifNsBv lfdqk¶ pdl zfidb dbsq Kfsjb, kfrst zfidb sp swaBDv Jfb W isvb kfsjW snƒ swaBDv sJsk W ivsk dlb.

3. zfibfv yfjv hf h]flDsj ˆmb jfsuv Hfv dlshb bf, pf kfslv nfsLAv hfƒsv. pdl dlskƒ rq, kfrst zfidb yfjsvv nrspfdokf jv¢b ˆhQ zfibfv hfdVv sjfb mdrtf h]flDv nrspfdokf jv¢j.

mf'v™v dhb ncqfƒl hstb, ˆjlf zfhC pfvG �-sj (mlDbfv dbjehkDG ˆjde ufqof) vfhfpfq slJtfm, k]fv ofsq dYt smfef yflv. zfv k]fv softfsmv ofsqW dYt zbcv™i yflv. kf slsJ njst htt, `sr zfhC pfvG! zfidb pdl softfsmv ofsqv ‰ yflvefW dbskb ˆhQ lc'desj ˆjsÛ jvskb kfrst ˆjde sufVf rsq spk. zfv softfmsj zbA ˆjde jfiV dlsq dlskb.'

zfhC pfvG � htstb, `zfdm ˆjub (softfm)sj ofdt dlsqdYtfm. kfv mf dYt zbfvhDq. ‰ mf Lsv kfsj dhla™i jsvdYtfm. sn zfïfrv vnCt �-ˆv dbje zfmfv dhv¢sÝ bfdtw jvt. ˆv Ist dkdb zfmfsj htstb, �ªsr zfhC pfvG! dbÇyq kcdm ˆmb stfj; pfv msLA ufsrdtqfk zfsY!« zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªWvf (lfnoB) skf skfmfslv Hfƒ. (skfmfslv mkƒ mfbcN.) zfïfr Wslv …iv skfmfslvsj swaôk¶ lfb jsvsYb. zkˆh sp lfn skfmfslv msbfmskf rsh bf, kfsj dhÛÁq j'sv lfW. zfv zfïfrv nxdósj jó dlsqf bf.« (zfhC lf…l 5157bQ)


zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, zfïfrv vnCt � ‰ nmq zfhC pfvG �-sj hstdYstb, ªdbÇyq kcdm ˆmb stfj; pfv msLA ufsrdtqfk zfsY.« zfhC pfvG htstb, `zfmfv hxÝ hqsnv ˆƒ nmsqW?' dkdb htstb,

�))<-:f�<-@C:7א�'<G9)�<-@C@�7'7G7و�،�:-:.F�7�7x��C<&>�&F$�،��<%�7@->�/27>;�7אFb��7ن��Fu��:�'�:GF$��7;�<27/��>�>��7&�،��:1�<�>�l: �Fb��8�>#�:��@uA7&�،��:1<��>��: ��8��و7�>#��:T7��7&�،�Fe7و��@yN�FC:/<-:f'��7#�،<-:.:��>�<r7&��<ن,�Fb�<-:f'��:�:yK�Fu�<-:f':! >�FAFb.((��

ªrA]f. Wvf skfmfslv Hfƒ öv™i. zfïfr kfslvsj skfmfslv mfdtjfbfLDb j'sv dlsqsYb. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁv Hfƒsj zfïfr kfv mfdtjfbfLDb jsvsYb, sn hAdÙÁ spb kfsj (lfnsj) kfƒ JfWqfq; pf sn dbsu Jfq, kfƒ ivfq pf sn dbsu isv ˆhQ ˆmb jfsuv spb Hfv bf slq, pf jvsk sn n[m bq. iv§Â pdl sn ˆmb lc}nfLA jfsuv Hfv dlsqƒ sIst, ksh kfsk spb kfsj nrspfdokf jsv.« (hcJfvD 6050, mcndtm 1661bQ)

4. lfn-lfnDsj dhbf iamfsB sjfb zihfl slshb bf. Osvv `pf djYc rfvfq doâD hstb, sjó shefƒ syfv'---ˆmb zHAfn

mcndtsmv rsk ifsv bf. spsrkc mrfbhD � hstsYb, >Fd��>b�%>#<o:#��7#�7T�ل�7و%7#7>«�F��>1 >b�7T>�:+��>b�>MF|<7د��.�»Fd�ل#�7<�8��&�7>�:ج��87+�7א7�7��ل�9 �

ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb mcdmb mfbcsNv ydvsÛ ˆmb jKf hst, pf kfv msLA sbƒ, sn hAdÙÁsj zfïfr ufrfâfsmv blGmfq hfn jvsk slshb; pk[B ipG§À bf sn pf hstsY kf rsk shv rsq ˆsnsY, dj§Â kJb zfv sn shv rsk ifvsh bf.« (zfhC lf…l 3597, rfsjm 2/27, k¶fhfvfbD 13254, hfƒrfjD 11773, nrDùt ufsm' 6196bQ)

lfn-lfnDsj hAdHyfsvv zihfl dlst kfv wfd²À Hcosk rsh djqfmsk. dkdb hstsYb,

�))<%7#�7�7XFd�:1Fu'@�<�7#��7�?v��>"�:م�FR:&�>1< F�7��_�F�7'م�7א&�>M7#�7 >Rא��،�Ke9)�<نF$�7ن'@C7&��7�Fu�7ل�Fd.((�� ªsp hAdÙÁ kfv zdLjfvHcÙÁ lfnsj hAdHyfsvv zihfl slq---zKy sn pf

htsY kf rsk lfn idhÛ---sn hAdÙÁsj djqfmskv dlb sjfVf mfvf rsh. ksh sn pf hstsY kf nkA rst (ˆ wfd²À kfv rsh bf).« (hcJfvD 6858, mcndtm 1660 bQ, dkvdmpD, zfhC lf…l)

5. zfidb spmb Hct jsvb, dEj skmbƒ lfn-lfnDvW jfpGs[sÛ Hct rskƒ ifsv. nckvfQ zfidb spmb yfb, zfibfv Hct [mfrG srfj, dEj skmbƒ lfn-lfnDv HctsjW [mf j'sv dlb.


ˆj hAdÙÁ ˆsn duÎfnf jvt, sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfdm zfmfv yfjvsj jkhfv [mf jvh? …Ùsv dkdb htstb,

�.�»#�7��8�7>�<��7&7'>م�b�?�@u<��7!>1:�א�>y@'א«� �ªkfsj iakAr 70 hfv [mf jv!« (zfhC lf†l, dkvdmpD, nrDr kfvoDh

2289bQ) 6. lfn-lfnDsj zfslw W jKfq jó slshb bf. msb vfJshb, kfvW mpGflf

zfsY. zsbj ncydvÛrDb mfbcN hfdVv lfnD hf yfjvsj sYfe ufsb, kfƒskf kfsj OxBfv ösv Ffj slq.

rDb HfNfq jKf hst. smufu sldJsq zfslw jsv. kfd¤YtA nrjfsv ialfb jsv. bfsmv m¦l sJkfh shv jsv. nfmfbA slfsN tfbkfb W oftfofdt jsv. kfsj nftfm slq bf, sn nftfm dlst kfv uhfh slq bf, dlstW ndEjHfsh

slq bf. zKhf zhÎfv nfsK slq. jf…sj nftfm dlsk slJst zKhf sjfb iajfsvv snr iajfw jvsk slJst

mcydj rfsn zKhf zhfj lxdósk kfdjsq slsJ. msb jsv hfdVv lfn-lfnD nftfm hf snr ifWqfv …ipcÙÁ bq.

zfidb dbsusj hV msb jvshb bf. rqskf sn zfïfrv jfsY zfibfv sKsj zsbj hV. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))�7&��7._&F$�:א�!8�س��F�F$�89ن)�<-@C8"7�>�F�F$��F��7��و7א+<�\�$u�7"F@->�و7(9ن�8و7א+<�\� Fb�p>"7�7�>��F�7��p�>�7S7��F�7و�p>�7S7�>��F�7��p>"7�7��F�7و�<+FA>�7�7��F�7��77د'<�F$��F�77د�7و'<�F$��F�7��7�7�<+F$��K�9)�i7'R8��>"((....� �

ªsr stfj njt! swfsbf, skfmfslv iadkiftj ˆj, skfmfslv dikf ˆj. swfsbf, zfvhDv …iv zbfvhDv ˆhQ zbfvhDv …iv zfvhDv, jxòjfsqv …iv sw¶kjfsqv ˆhQ sw¶kjfsqv …iv jxòjfsqv sjfb swaôk¶ W mpGflf sbƒ. swaôk¶ W mpGflf zfsY skf sjht `kfj¶Wqfv' jfvsBƒ.« (zfrmfl 23489 , ðzfhct „mfb hfƒrfj¶D 5137bQ)

7. msb vfJshb, zfibfv lfn-lfnD dj§Â jxk hf ÛÁDklfn-lfnD hf zdLjfvHcÙÁ lfnD bq. kf rstW zfidb kfslvsj mfvLv jvsk ifvskb bf. nckvfQ hfdVv jfsuv stfjsj sjfb hAfifsv mfvLv jvsk ifsvb jDHfsh? rfk hf yfhcj äfvf iarfv j'sv, dnofsvsev Y]Afjf dlsq, ovm ifdb ofsq dlsq hf zfsvf zbAHfsh kfslvsj zfOfk jvf sjfb ydvÛhfb stfsjv jfu rsk ifsv


bf. nckvfQ zfibfv msb vfJf …dyk, bhD � hstsYb, )dא��@¬��h<'7��7�7�7s�<%7#>M7#�7 >R��8#<!>1:�&7'>م�7א¶:.(� �

zKGf{, sp hAdÙÁ zbAfqHfsh jf…sj yfhcj mfvsh, djqfmskv dlb kfv dbje sKsj iadkswfL sbWqf rsh. (hfpXpfv, k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv 403, zf…nfk¶ 1445, n} kfvoDh 2291bQ)

i[f§Àsv ÛÁDklfn hf lfnDsj mfvfv iafqdÇyÙ öv™i kfsj mcÙÁ jvsk htf rsqsY. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))�:1FR><�:&�<نF$�:17/7��KyFu�89ن,Fb�،�:17�FlF��<وF$�،�>1>/A7&�<-F1:�+��7א��F��7#F�@|�7�7�7s�<%7#.�((� �ªsp hAdÙÁ dbu softfmsj ˆmb zivfsLv nfuf slq, pf sn jsvdb zKhf

kfsj yV mfsv, kfrst kfv iafqdÇyÙ rt, sn kfsj mcÙÁ j'sv slsh.« (mcndtm 4389bQ)

zfhC zftD ncqfƒl ƒhsb mcj¶fdvGb � hstb, `zfdm t[A jsvdY sp, mcj¶fdvGsbv nfk sYstv msLA zfdm nåm dYtfm. zfmfslv ˆjde mfÛ lfnD dYt. kfsj zfmfslv sYfe Hfƒ yV smsvdYt. kJb vnCt � zfmfslvsj kfsj mcÙÁ j'sv dlsk zfslw jvstb.' (mcndtm 4392-4394bQ)

zfhC mfn†l hflvD � hstb, zfdm ˆjlf zfmfv ˆjde softfmsj yfhcj mfvdYtfm. ƒkAhnsv diYb sKsj ˆƒ wè ðbsk sitfm `susb svsJf, sr zfhC mfn†l!' dj§Â sÛÁfLfd¦hk zh²¿fq wèef hcUsk ifvtfm bf. pJb snƒ (wèjfvD) zfmfv dbjehkDG rt, kJb nrnf slJtfm sp, dkdb vfnCtcïfr �. dkdb htdYstb,

>{7X7f��F�7��F}<!>#�Fא�א�r:�م�9((�F�7��:�7�dF$�F��))�.א<�>�F$�<-F"7��#�7>�:'د��$Fن�8א �`susb svsJf zfhC mfn†l! Wv …iv skfmfv pkef [mkf zfsY, skfmfv

…iv zfïfr kfzftf zfsvf shdw [mkfhfb.' kJb zfdm httfm, `ˆviv sKsj zfdm zfv jJsbf sjfb softfmsj mfvLv jvh bf.'

ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, kf]v Hsq zfmfv rfk sKsj yfhcjde isV sot. zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfïfrv n§Âdó zuGsbv …sÜswA Wsj öfLDb j'sv dltfm.' vfnCtcïfr � htstb,

�)):��F}<8�7א�!8�F��<وF$�،�:��.))$�F}<72FyF�F��،�<�7�y7/�<-F��<'F��7#Fא�!8� �ªswfb! kcdm pdl kf bf jvsk, kfrst ufrfâfsmv zfÈb skfmfsj zhwAƒ

lÊ zKhf ±iwG jvk.« (mcndtm 4396-4399bQ) kfrst sp zfibfv ÛÁDklfn hf lfnD bq, kfsj mfvLv jvfv iafqdÇyÙ jD


rWqf …dyk zbcmfb jv¢b. öfLDb mfbcNslvsj pfvf ivfLDb ÛÁDklfn-lfnDv mskf hAhrfv zKhf mfvLv

jsv, kfslv …sÜswA …mfv dhb JfÙfh �-ˆv ˆjde iadnÝ …dÙÁ zfsY, �)�؟א��א��F�7�</:.@$�-8#7.:/�:.F$�-<+7و�Fd<�7و7�س�7א�!8-:�/:��7>��7א�>7#7( �

zKGf{, jJb mfbcNsj softfm hfdbsq dbsqY, zKy kfslv mfkxoB kfslvsj öfLDbv™si u¦m dlsqsY? (zfmDv¢t mc'dmbDb …mfv dhb JfÙ¶fh 1/124)

8. zfibfv Jfbf pdl Jfslm ia²Âk jsv, kfrst snƒ Jfhfsv JfslmsjW wvDj jv¢b. spsrkc sn ‰ Jfhfsvv diYsb smrbk jsvsY, kfv ncoá kfv sise sosY ˆhQ rqskf hf kfv mb ‰ Jfhfsvv iadk stfHfkcv rsqsY. ˆƒ ubAƒ lqfv bhDv dbslGw rt,

� :!7�وFb�<-F��:1<�>�<S:&�:17�7#�،�:1�9,9ن>�،�"<7�Fl�#<1<��د<#:F$�<-@u7�7+F$�7G:1/��7(9ذ7א((�Fb��M�7�R@��<وF$��9%< �77�R@��<وF$�MF�u@$�<وF$�9%< 7F�u@$18�9:�؛�,Fb�7p>�717:�وxF�>�.((� �

ªpJb skfmfslv sjfb hAdÙÁv Jfslm (lfn-lfnD) kfv dbje Jfhfv dbsq zfsn, kJb pdl kfsj dbu nsÌ (sJsk) bf hnfq, kfrst sn spb kfsj (jmis[ kfv rfsk) ˆj Jfht hf lc' Jfht zKhf ˆj oafn hf lc' oafn (‰ Jfhfv sKsj) kcst slq. sjbbf, sn (Jfslm) kf ifj (jvfv pfhkDq jó hvB) jsvsY.« (hcJfvD 2557bQ)

9. lfnDv hAfifsv zfidb W zfibfv hfdVv icv¢Nvf nkjG rb. susb vfJcb sp, kfv nfsK hfdVv icv¢sNv zhfL dmtfdmwf, dbuGbkf zhtìb ˆhQ shilGfq dJlmk oarB ShL bq. klbcv™i hfdVv HxkA W FºfƒHfsvv hAfifsv nkjG Kfjcb. pfsk zfibfv hfdVv sjfb mdrtfv nfsK kfv sjfb iajfv sofib n©ijG osV bf WsE.

10. dhswN …its[A kfslvsj …isTZjb dlb. kfsk kfvf zfibfv jfsu zf§Àdvjkf ialwGb jvsh. zfibfv Jfslm hf sthfvsj jfsuv kctbfq shwD shkb slWqf rs¤Y msb rst kfsk nWqfshv zfwf vfJcb. „l W dhdHâ …its[A kfslvsj …irfv dlb, shfbfn dlb. shkb jm dlstW slJshb kfsk zfibfv …ijfv W …{iflb hxdÝ ifs¤Y.

11. lfn-lfnD zfibfv iadk lchGt Kfsj. nckvfQ kfslvsj dw[f slWqf zfibfv ubA nru. ˆ hAifsv zfibfv lfdqk¶W zfsY. zkˆh äDb swJfsbfv sn lfdqk¶ zfidb iftb jv¢b.


12. Jfslm, jmGyfvD, HxkA hf lfnDsj mfsnv mfn pKfnmsq shkb dmdesq dlb. bsy{ pKfnmsq shkb bf sisq sn hf kfv idvhfv pdl zKGSbdkj jsó sHfso, kfrst kfv ubA lfqD zfidbƒ. mucv rst kfv smrbskv Ofm ðjfhfv zfso zfsoƒ kfv mucvD zflfq j'sv dlb. mrfbhD � dbslGw dlsqsYb,

�»>�<�$�7¦>xF�7:�א��<xF$�7�<�Fd�<نF$�8�>S7&�:1@d7�7�«�.� �ªmucvsj kfv Ofm ðjfhfv iCshG skfmvf kfv mucvD dlsq lfW.« (hfƒrfj¶D

11993, ƒhsb mfufr 2443, ƒhsb …mfv jkGxj, nrDùt ufsm' 1055bQ) zfècïfr dhb zfmXv �-ˆv JfufÑD k]fv dbje ˆst dkdb kfsj duÎfnf

jvstb, ªsoftfmslvsj kfslv zfrfv dlsqsY dj?' JfufÑD htt, `bf.' dkdb htstb, `pfW, kfslvsj kf dlsq lfW. zfïfrv vnCt � hstsYb,

�»FyFu��>�<�7��>"��7�F$�7T>�<27&�<%8ن>�(�9>��@}>�<�7&�:17/'@d«�.� �ªmfbcsNv ifiD rWqfv ubA ˆkecjcƒ psKó sp, sn pfv zfrfsvv lfdqk¶wDt

kfsj kf (bf dlsq) zfesj vfsJ.« (mcndtm 996bQ) efjf KfjskW pfvf kfslv jmGyfvDslv shkb dlsk efthfrfbf jsv,

rflDsnv ±ió HfNfq kfslv ˆ jfu pctm W zbAfq. vfnCtcïfr hstsYb, ªLbD hAdÙÁv (‡B zflfsqv hAfifsv) eft-hfrfbf jvf pctm.« (hcJfvD 2287, mcndtm 1564bQ)

13. Jhvlfv jfu jdvsq jfsvf shkb, idvwam jdvsq jfsvf ifdvwadmj hf nf©mfdbj, HfVf Jfdesq jfsvf HfVf zfk¹nf{ jvshb bf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,�

�8��א#>�7v7/��F$7و8ج�7�x7:�\�א��1K<��<!>��7א�Fz<�F$�>�':�_X-�7(9ن8«�F�Fb��7 Fd��:1�77x�7+��7.<!>#��7.FRK�Fh��7��7f7و7ذ��7f9�<.7�>"�\�:x7��7�7�x7:��א�>�7>��7�7و7f7XFb�>1>/7�<x@A>"�:�7G47و�:�:R7&�M8"7�7=��د7א�«�.� �

ªzfïfrv dbje nh yfƒsk hV ifdiô snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp sjfb mdrtfsj dhhfr jsv, zk}iv kfv dbje sKsj muf tcse dbsq kfsj kftfj slq ˆhQ kfv smfrvW zfk¹nf{ jsv. (däkDq rt) snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp sjfb stfjsj mucv Jfefq, zk}iv kfv mucvD zfk¹nf{ jsv ˆhQ (kxkDq rt) snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp JfsmfJf ið rkAf jsv.« (rfsjm 2743, hfƒrfjD 14781, nrDùt ufsm' 1567 bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, �))��F��7�7/�� Fd�:��>M7#�7�ل�7א>R7'>م�7א�&�<-:.:�<�7G��7�F$�mM7�F�7��:��\�:x7�7��7،�و7�F|�8-:��p>"��Fl<�F$�\�:x7�

�:1<!>#��Fb<'7<��Fb�،א�¦>xF$�7�7xA7<א��\�:x7�7��7�7!17:�،�و7�FuFAFb�7:�"7�ع�7+:�8א��<xF$�>1>l<�:&�<-F�7و�،.�((� �ªzfïfr kfzftf hstb, `djqfmskv dlb zfdm dkb hAdÙÁv iadkhflD. zfv


zfdm pfv iaadkhflD rh zhwAƒ kfsj ivfduk jvh. k¦msLA iaKm rt snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp zfmfv bfsm djYc slWqfv iadkwa¢dk jvt zk}iv kf HÌ jvt. däkDq rt snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp sjfb öfLDb hAdÙÁsj dhÛÁq j'sv kfv mCtA H[B jvt. zfv kxkDq rt snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp sjfb mucv Jfdesq kfv dbje sKsj icsvficdv jfu dbt; zKy sn kfv mucvD (iCBGv™si) zflfq jvt bf.« (zfrmfl 2/358, hcJfvD 2227 W 2270bQ, ƒhsb mfufr 2442bQ)

lfn-lfnDv nfsK mfdtjslv nlfyvsBv djYc bmcbf lfn-lfnDslv nfsK jDv™i hAhrfv jvsk rq, kfv zflwG öv™i djYc bmcbf

…sïJA.

1. mcrf©mflcv vfnCtcïfr � nhGiajfv nlfyvsBv iajxó bmcbf vsqsY k]fv ydvsÛ. lfn-lfnDv s[sÛ dkdb

dYstb ˆjub snrwDt dikfv mskf, lqfwDt Hfƒsqv mskf. k]fv dbje ÛÁDklfn, wadmj, yfjv, snhj hf sö¤Yfsnhsjv mfsU sjfb ifKGjA dYt bf. dkdb njtsj nmfb syfsJ slJskb. njstv nfsK hsn zfrfv jvskb. njstv nfsK …Efhnf jvskb, njstv nfsK nc¦lv hAhrfv ialwGb jvskb.

k]fv ˆjub ÛÁDklfsnv bfm pfql dhb rfdvNfr. dkdb dYstb jftXh sofsÛv zfvhD dwð. ufsrtD pcso pcÝh¦lD zh²¿fq mÄfq dhÛÁDk rb. rfjDm dhb drpfm k]fv IcIc JflDuf dhs§À JcWqfƒdtl (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)v ubA ÛÁq jsvb. zk}iv mrfbhD �-ˆv nfsK k]fv dhhfsrv iv dkdb öfmDsj …irfv öv™i pfqlsj ialfb jsvb. mrfbhD � ivhkGDsk pfqlsj ˆk Hfstfhfsnb sp, ˆjdlb dkdb k]fsj sifNAicÛ hfdbsq sbb.

jftXh sofsÛv stfsjvf ˆj hYv rsÏ ˆst mÄfq k]fsj slsJ dybsk ifsv. k]fv Jhv dbsq kfvf k]fv dikf rfdvNfsj ufdbsq slq. dikf W dikxhA k]fsj mcÙÁ jvfv ubA mÄfq zfsnb. zk}iv mrfbhD �-ˆv dbje zfvdu ufbfsbf rst, dkdb pfqlsj ˆJdkqfv slb, `sn yfƒst zfibfslv nfsK spsk ifsv.' dj§Â pfql dikfv nfsK spsk zöDjfv jsvb. dikf hstb, `dLjX skfmfsj! kcdm öfLDbkfv …iv ivfLDbkfsj ˆhQ dbsuv dikf W idvhfsvv …iv zivsj iafLfbA slsh?'

pfql pf htstb, kfsk dkdb hAÙÁ jvstb sp, mrfbhD �-ƒ k]fv nh djYc. nhfv sysq diaq dkdbƒ. zk}iv mrfbhD � rfvfsmv druXsvv jfsY sOfNBf jsvb, `ðbcb …id²¿dkoB! pfql zfmfv sYst. sn zfmfv Wqfsvn ˆhQ zfdm kfv Wqfsvn.'


ˆ sOfNBf ðsb pfqslv dikf W dikxhA sJfw rsq dIsv sostb. nckvfQ pfql, pfql dhb mcrf©mfl bfsm idvdydk tfH jsvb. dj§Â

ivhkGDsk sifNAicsÛv iaKf hfdkt sOfNBf jvf rq, }<-:f':�<��7<�"�7��<.9->��אد'�:f��@�7��dF$��7��!>��>1�K9ن��א��,�Fb��<-�Kא��'�:�F�<�7/��<-:f��7"4��<-@C:7א�'<G9,�Fb��p�>b��9%&?א��

<-@C �}و7#7'7א�< �zKGf{, skfmvf Wslvsj dikxidvysq Ffj; zfïfrv lxdósk ˆdeƒ bAfqnÌk,

pdl skfmvf Wslv dikxidvyq bf ufb, ksh Wslvsj skfmvf LmDGq Hfƒ ˆhQ hácv™si oBA jv. (‚rXpfh } 5)

khcW dkdb mrfbhD �-ˆv nfryspG sKsj k]fv ³bjeA tfH jsvb. mrfbhD �-ˆv zbA ˆj Jfslm zfbfn dhb mfstj �. dkdb …s©m

nctfƒsmv i[ sKsj …irfv öv™i mrfbhD �-ˆv dJlmk jvfv ivm snZHfoA tfH jsvb. kJb k]fv hqn mfÛ lw hYv. dkdb lw hYv k]fv dJlmk jsvb.

dkdb dbu mJlCsmv hAfifsv hstb, `vfnCtcïfr � nh mfbcsNv yfƒsk shdw nc¦lv ydvsÛv dYstb.' (hcJfvD W mcndtm)

dkdb hstb, vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv jvkt zsi[f zdLjkv sjfmt sjfb icv¢ hf ifktf svwm zfdm ±iwG jdvdb. zfv kf]v wvDsvv ncoá zsi[f zdLjkv ncoá sjfb h²Â zfdm jJsbf ð]djdb. zfv zfdm lw hYv ipG§À vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv dJlmk jsvdY. dkdb jJsbfW zfmfv ubA `…}' wè hstbdb. sjfb jfu j'sv hnst dkdb ˆ jKf dusÎn jsvbdb sp, `kcdm ˆ jfu sjb jvst?' ˆhQ sjfb jfu bf jvst dkdb hstbdb sp, `kf sjb jvst bf?' (hcJfvD 6038, mcndtm 6151bQ)

2. …mfv dhb JfÙ¶fh � ƒntfsmv däkDq JtDIf …mfv � ˆjub stZricv¢N dYstb. khcW

Jfslmslv jfsu dkdb nrspfdokf jvskb. kfslv mfsU dkdb dbsusj swaô msb jvskb bf. k]fv Jfn nÌD dYstb zfntfm bfmj ˆj Jfslm.

zfntfm hstb, ˆjlf vfsÛ dkdb dbsuv nIsvv …e ia²Âk jvstb ˆhQ zfmfslv nIsvv …eW ia²Âk jvstb. zfv dkdb htsk tfostb,

�<-FÊ�>"�F}< F�7��:�< Kא��>X:GA7&�Fe�*<-7<�7و7א�¶< >�FRو7(%7�7��9>��1:�א�� <-F�<�F$7و�]>b�7��F}<&9�7a�<%@u77אم�7+��87/:�>�7م>*�و'dFم�9א�:�<G9)7و� �

zKGf{, vfdÛ spb skfmfsj lcdÇy§Àfq bf sIst. kfv ubA jfmDn W ifoVD isv


bfW. bfsI W zfntfsmv wvDj rsq pfW. stfsjslv Jfslm rW, kfrst kcdm

mJlCm rsk ifvsh. (dnqfv¢ zf'tfdmb bchftf 4/99) …ÙÁ JtDIf …mfv �-ˆv pcso dIdt²ÀDb dhusqv nmq suv¢ufstm zhsvfL

jvf rt. dj§Â suv¢ufstsmv dJa±efbvf mcndtmslvsj ia²Àfh dlt sp, kfvf dhbf pcsÝ kfslv JtDIfv rfskƒ wrv nmiGB jvsh. mcndtmslv snbfidk kfƒ smsb dbstb.

dj§Â JtDIf dYstb mlDbfq. k]fv dbje ia²Àfh sost dkdb dIdt²ÀDsbv …sÜswA vWbf rstb. nsÌ sjfb ³nbA dbstb bf, nWqfvDv ubA sOfVf dbstb bf. sjht ˆjub Jfslm W nsÌ psKó JflAfdl dbsq mrfb zfïfrv …iv Hvnf svsJ ˆjef …ebDv disE ytsk tfostb.

snƒ ƒdkrfn-iadnÝ nIv, sp nIsv dkdb jósj Jfslsmv nfsK HfofHfdo j'sv dbstb. …ebDv pfsk jó bf rq zKhf j½f§À bf rsq isV snƒ mfbsn djYc nmq dkdb nWqfv Kfjstb ˆhQ Jfslm ifsq sr]se iK zdkÛÁm jvsk Kfjt, zk}iv djYc[B Jfslmsj nWqfv rsk dlsq dbsu ifsq sr]se snƒ mv¢mq j]fyf iK zdkÛÁm jvsk tfostb! Jfslsmv zfidÙ Kfjf nsÙ¶W JtDIfv jKf sn zoafrA jvsk ifsvdb.

iafq 2400 djstfdmefsvv mv¢mq lcoGm iK zdkÛÁm j'sv dIdt²ÀDsb zh²¿fbvk ƒntfmD ³nbA lstv dbje si]ZYstb. kJb k]fvf snbfidk zfhC …hfƒlfr zft-ufvGfr �-ˆv sbkxsk¶ suv¢ufstm wrvsj zhsvfL zh²¿fq zsi[f jvdYstb.

suv¢ufstsmv jfYfjfdYv isK sjfb ˆj ufqofq jflf dYt. kJb …mfv …ebDv tfofm Lsv r]fedYstb. Jfslm zbcsvfL jvt, ˆƒ jflfmq iKecjc dkdb nWqfv rsq zdkÛÁm jv¢b. dj§Â dkdb sjfb mskƒ kf smsb dbstb bf. dbsuv ifsqv uckf Jcst host svsJ dbstb, dbmfsÌv jfiV r]fec ipG§À Èdesq dbsq JtDIf dbdäGLfq jflfq sbsm iVstb!

jflfmq ifsq sr]se …ebDv tfofm Lvf zh²¿fq zfnsk slsJ snbfidk zfhC …hfƒlfr k]fsj nWqfv rsk zbcsvfL jvstb, spsrkc zmcndtmslv zsbsjƒ sn lxwA zhstfjb jvdYt ˆhQ JtDIfv dhswN zfk¹mpGflf ialwGbW iasqfub dYt. dj§Â dkdb sn zbcsvfL iakAfJAfb j'sv htstb,

��)��!uم�$ذل�'d��v�Abم��[�"��،�א.�b��l��vא��¦r"��#��v�$��.א��$ذ�!��"�1א �`zfmvf dYtfm nhfv sysq dbjxó ufdk. zfïfr zfmfslvsj ƒntfm äfvf

n©mfb lfb jsvsYb. nckvfQ zfïfr zfmfslvsj sp dudbn äfvf n©mfdbk


jsvsYb, kf YfVf zbA dudbn äfvf pJbƒ zfmvf n©mfb zbcnáfb jvh, kJbƒ zfïfr zfmfslvsj tfdÒk jvshb.' (rfsjm 207-208, 4481, dntdntfr nrDrfr 1/117)

zfïfù zfjhfv! Jfslmsj nrspfdokf jvfv jk nc¦lv W iajxó …lfrvB! zhwA ˆ nc¦lv hAhrfsvv …Ùm bmCbf dYstb mcrf©mflcv vfnCtcïfr �. zfv JtDIf skf k]fvƒ ˆjub YfÛ. zfècïfr dhb mfn†l � hstb, hlsvv isK pfWqfv nmq nWqfvD öv™i iaskAj dkb usbv ubA ˆjde j'sv …e Hfso isVdYt. vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv nWqfv-nÌD rsqdYstb zfhC tchfhfr W zftD dhb zfhD kfsth (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbùmf). vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv iftf ˆst k]fvf …Hsq k]fsj htstb, `zfmvf lc'usb zfibfv rsq r]fde.' dj§Â dkdb kf iakAfJAfb j'sv htstb,

))�7#��7�:<�F$�i7'dFA>"�p?!>#��F�77��و�F$�|FA>"�7!�<%7��9�<xFA�7��א�@C<!>#.((� �zKGf{, skfmvf zfmfv yfƒsk shdw wdÙÁwftD bW ˆhQ zfdm skfmfslv

yfƒsk nWqfshv shdw zmcJfsi[D bƒ. (zfrmfl 3901, bfnf„v jchvf 8807, rfsjm 2453, ƒhsb drêfb 4733, dn} nrDrfr 2257bQ)

3. zfhC pfv doIfvD � …isv …dïdJk mf'v™v dhb ncqfƒslv rflDn, ˆjlf zfhC pfvG �-sj

(mlDbfv dbjehkDG ˆjde ufqof) vfhfpfq slJf sot, k]fv ofsq dYt smfef yflv. zfv k]fv softfsmv ofsqW dYt zbcv™i yflv. kf slsJ njst htt, `sr zfhC pfvG! zfidb pdl softfsmv ofsqv ‰ yflvefW dbskb ˆhQ lc'desj ˆjsÛ jvskb kfrst ˆjde sufVf rsq spk. zfv softfmsj zbA ˆjde jfiV dlsq dlskb.'

dj§Â dkdb kf jsvbdb. spsrkc mfbhkf W nfsmAv bhD mcrf©mfl �-ˆv dbje sKsj dw[f sisqdYstb sp, kcdm sp jfiV ivsh, skfmfv JfslmsjW snƒ jfiV ivsk lfW. (zfhC lf…l 5157bQ)

4. …mfv dhb zfèct zfpDp ˆjlf vfsÛ …mfv dhb zfèct zfpDspv dbje ˆj smrmfb dYt. dkdb djYc

dtJdYstb. ˆmb nmq skstv hfdk dbHcdbHc rt. smrmfbde htt, `hfdkef dEj j'sv dlƒ.' dkdb htstb, `smrmfbsj jfsu tfofsbf hf smrmfsbv dbje sKsj dJlmk sbWqf zfdksKqkf dhsvfLD.' htt, `kfrst yfjvsj ufdosq dlƒ.' htstb, `W ˆƒ mfÛ iaKm OcdmsqsY, Wsj ufofW bf!' zk}iv dkdb dbsu …sE dosq hfdksk skt Hsv dEj jvstb. smrmfbde htt, `zfidb


dbsu jó jvstb, sr zfmDv¢t mc'smbDb!' dkdb …Ùsv htstb, `(skt Hvsk) sotfm kJb zfdm …mfv dhb zfèct zfpDp dYtfm, zfv ˆtfm kJbW …mfv dhb zfèct zfpDp. zfmfv msLA djYcƒ jsm pfqdb. iv§Â swaô hAdÙÁ snƒ, sp zfïfrv jfsY dhbqD.' (zft-dhlfqfr zbXdbrfqfr 9/203)

5. mfƒmCb dhb dmrvfb ˆjlf dkdb smrmfbslv nfsK hsn o¬i jvdYstb. k]fv lfnD k]fslv ubA

ˆj ifsÛ ovm sUft zfbsk dosq djYcsk if stso isV sot. ovm sUfstv djqlfQw dosq iVt k]fv …iv. ˆsk dkdb sÛÁfLfd¦hk rsq kfsj mfvsk …lAk rstb. dj§Â lfnD rst jD rsh? sn dYt jcvzfb-uf§Àf lfnD! k]fv vfo slsJ sn nHsq hst …Et, `sr zdLidk! mrfb zfïfr (ufâfkD mcÙfj¶Dslv ÈB hBGbfq) hstsYb,

}7�>�>¬�FC�و7א�F¤< 7r�א{ ªpfvf sÛÁfL nQhvB jsv.« nckvfQ dbsmsN dkdb k]fv vfosj ifdb jsv htstb, `zfdmW kfƒ jvtfm.' kfviv lfnDde htt,

}7�>b�7��א�!8�س7��9%�9و7א{ ª(pfvf) mfbcNsj mfuGbf j'sv Kfsj.« dkdb htstb, `zfdm skfmfsj mfuGbf jsv dltfm.' sn zfhfvW htt, }:12>�<!<��7&:2<�_�و7א��:��}א� �ªzfv zfïfr zbcoarwDtslvsj Hfthfsnb.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 134) dkdb htstb, `zfdm skfmfv iadk zbcoar jvtfm. nckvfQ zfïfrv Wqfs²À

skfmfsj mcÙÁ jsv dltfm.' zbcv™i jfdrbD hdBGk zfsY zfrbfI dhb j¶fƒsnv hAfifsv.

dw[j-dwd[jfv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf dw[j-dwd[jf zfmfslv dikx-mfkxkctA. k]fslv iadk YfÛ-YfÛDv nc¦lv

hAhrfv hfÒbDq. sn msmG zfmfslvsj dbsmv zflhnmCr sJqft vfJf jkGhA. 1. dw[sjv bfm Lsv Ffjf shzfldh. nckvfQ sjfb …ifdL, ilhD hf sYstv

bfm ucsV `zfhC zmcj' hst Ffjshb. 2. dw[sjv ubA zbcok rb. dkdb pf hstb, kf iftb jvf dhsLq hf ³hL

rst nk¶v iftb jv¢b. zftD � hstb, `sp hAdÙÁ zfmfsj ˆjde rvIW dwdJsqsY zfdm kfv

softfm. sn ƒ¤Yf jvst zfmfsj dhÛÁq jvsk ifsv. bsy{ ƒ¤Yf jvst


zfmfsj softfm j'sv vfJsk ifsv.' 3. k]fsj sjfb iaw jvst zKhf sjfb zhcUf ifE dIdvsq htsk htst

Hûkf hufq svsJ dhbq W zflshv nfsK jv¢b. k]fsj nQjse sItfv ubA zpKf iaw jvshb bf. spmb sjfb ziasqfubDq iawW jvshb bf.

ƒmfm bfWqfhD hstsYb, `sp iawjfvD zfejfsbfv ubA JfsmfJf iaw jsv, sn …Ùv ifWqfv spfoA bq.'

rfnfb hfnvD hstsYb, `zfïfrv nh yfƒsk dbjxó hf¦lf kfvf, pfvf ziasqfubDq mfnfsqt dbsq zfïfrv hf¦lfoBsj nQjse sIst.'

ˆj hAdÙÁ ƒmfm zfrmfl dhb rfìtsj duÎfnf jvt, `ƒqfuCu-mfuCu dj mcntmfb?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `kcdm dj zbAfbA ƒtXm dwsJ sIstY sp ˆƒ (ziasqfubDq) dhNsq iaw jvY?'

zfv ˆjub duÎfnf jvt, `nhduv ifdbsk …pC rsh dj?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `zfdm êf iY¦l jdv bf.' zk}iv dkdb stfjefsj duÎfnf jvstb, `mndul iashswv nmq jD lczf hstY?' stfjde yci Kfjt. kfviv dkdb kfsj htstb, `pfW, êf dw[f jv.' (zKGf{, pf iasqfubDq, kf zfso dw[f jv.)

ˆjlf dpqfl dhb zfècv vrmfb jcvkchDsj duÎfnf jvf rt, `djqfmskv dlb mDpfsbv ifïf-lcde snfbfv rsh, bfdj v™ifv?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, (bhD � hstsYb,)

�))�>1 >!<�7&�Fe��7#�:1@u<�7/�>�<�F�9(�>�م�9א�%<�:+�<%>#.((� �ªmfbcsNv ƒntfsmv snZ¦lpG (zKGf{ kfv Hfstf mcntmfb rWqfv ˆjde

dyrÁ) rt, zbKGj (jKf W jfu) huGb jvf.« (zfrmfl; 1737, dkvdmpD 2318, k¶fhfvfbD, hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb 4987bQ)

mDpfsbv jfsY sost ufbsk ifvsh.' 4. dw[j jKf htst kfv mfsU zfidb jKf hst hf iaw j'sv k]fv jKf

jfeshb bf. 5. iaw jvfv nmq nc¦lv …ifdL dlsq nsìfLb jvshb. …Ùv ifWqfv iv

lczf slshb. 6. k]fsj k]fv sjfb hAdÙÁok dhNq duÎfnf jvshb bf. 7. zbA YfÛ k]fsj sjfb iaw jvst zfidb zfo hfdVsq kfv …Ùv slshb

bf. dkdb zbcmdk dlst kshƒ …Ùv slshb. 8. dkdb ifE hAfJAf jvst msbfspfo nrjfsv wahB jvshb. 9. k]fv dbje …]yc otfq jKf htshb bf. k]fsj nmDr jvshb.


mcoDvfr hstb, `spmb zfmDvsj Hq jvf rq, skmdb zfmvf (zfmfslv W²Àfp) ƒhafrDm bJqDsj Hq jvkfm.'

zfƒqch hstb, `sjfb sjfb kfstsh ƒtXm rfnfsbv dbje dkb hYv Lsv (lsnG) hnk. dj§Â k]fv Ûfsn sjfb dhNsq k]fsj iaw jvsk nfrn jvk bf.'

ƒnrfj hstb, `zfdm ƒqfrqAf jfÙfbsj zfnsvv bfmfp isV mnduslv dmbfv sofVfq srtfb dlsk slJkfm. k]fv n©mcsJ zftD dhb mflfbD, wfpfjCbD, zfmXv dhb zftD, zfrml dhb rfìft, ƒqfrqAf dhb mf„b iaHxdk JfVf rsq k]fsj rflDn dhNsq iaw jvskb. k]fvf ˆjƒ zh²¿fq mfosvshv bfmfp dbjehkDG rWqf ipG§À ifsqv …iv Hv j'sv l×fqmfb Kfjskb. khcW dkdb (jfÙfb) k]fslv jf…sjW htskb bf sp, `hn.' zfv k]fvfW k]fv Ûfn W nmDrsk hnsk nfrn jvskb bf!'

ƒhbct Jfƒqfk mfstj dhb zfbfsnv iawQnfq hstb, `dkdb sjfb dhNsq …Ùv bf dlst k]fv Ûfsn däkDqhfv zfv sj… k]fsj duÎfnfhfl jvk bf. nm²À duÎfncvf dyhcj bk jsv Kfjk. k]fv …iv …ßfdnk rk iaht hAdÙÁsk¶v iaHf ˆhQ ivsrpofvDv mfrfk¹A. dkdb Hqfhr dYstb zKy dkdb sjfb wfnj dYstb bf.'

ƒmfm wfsI„ (v}) hstb, `zfdm mfstj (v}) ˆv dbje k]fv Hsq LDsv LDsv db}wsè (hƒ hf Jfkfv) ifkf …¬efkfm; pfsk dkdb …¬efsbfv wè bf wcbsk ifb.'

YfsÛv jkGhA, kfv W²Àfspv iadk n©mfb W waÝf-lxdósk kfjfsbf. njt dhNsq k]fv dhvdÙÁ W dhvfosj ˆdVsq ytf. k]fv njt zh²¿f W …id²¿dksj isvfqf jsv ytf. ntIvf ˆv™iƒ jvskb. k]fslv zsbsj msb msb lczf jvskb, `zfïfr! kcdm zfmfv lxdó rsk zfmfv W²Àfspv Û¢desj sofib jv. zfv zfmfv dbje rsk k]fv ƒtsmv hjGk kcdm dYdbsq dbsqf bf.' (kfpdjvfkcn nfsm' 88ix})

10. k]fv iadk waÝf ialwGb jvshb. wf'hD hstb, `ˆjlf pfql dhb nfshk ˆj ufbfpfv bfmfp iVstb.

zk}iv k]fv iadk ˆjde zw¶kvD siw jvf rt; pfsk dkdb nWqfv rb. k{[Bf{ ƒhsb zfêfn (vf}) ˆsn nWqfvDv if-lfsb Lvstb. (pfsk dkdb nrsu yVsk ifsvb). pfql k]fsj htstb, `YfVcb, sr vnCtcïfr � ˆv dikxhAicÛ!' ƒhsb zfêfn htstb, `Wtfmfslv nfsK ˆƒv™i hAhrfvƒ jvsk rq.' (k¶fhfvfbD,hfƒrfj¶D, rfsjm)

11. k]fv dbje dhbqD rshb. …Ýk rshb bf.


zfrml dhb rfìt JftfI zfrmfvsj hstdYstb, `zfdm zfibfv n©mcsJ YfVf hdn bf, zfmvf zfmfslv dw[sjv dbje dhbqD rsk zfdló rsqdY.'

12. k]fv nfsK sjfb dhNq dbsq kjG jvshb bf, pdlW zfidb dbdÇyk, k]fv jKfef Hct.

mfƒmcb dhb dmrvfb hstb, `skfmfv sysq sp zdLj ÎfbD kfv nfsK kjG jsvf bf. pdl kf jv, ksh sn skfmfv …iv rsk kfv ƒtXm v¢sJ sbsh ˆhQ kfv sjfb sbfjnfb rsh bf.'

pcrvD hstb, `nftfmfr ƒhsb zfêfsnv nfsK kjG jvk, pfv Ist hù ƒtm rsk sn hdÑk dYt.' (ufsm… hfqfdbt ƒtXm 171 ix})

13. k]fv diYsbW k]fsj waÝf jvshb. n©mfb W waÝfv nfsK k]fv bfm W jKf …sïJ jvshb.

14. k]fv wfd²À W jólfsb ³LpGLfvB jvshb. swJ nf'lD hstsYb, `dw[sjv shÛfOfk dikfv zflsvv yfƒsk zsbj�

…Ùm.' ncdIqfbsj htf rt, `jk stfj ixdKhDv nfvf slw rsk zfibfv dbje

zfnsY kfslv …iv zfidb sÛÁfLfdb¶k rb? n©Hk} Wvf zfibfsj kAfo jsv yst pfsh.' dkdb …Ùsv htstb, `kfvf skfmfv mskfƒ zfrf©mj kfrst; pdl kfvf zfmfv znlfyvsBv jfvsB kfslv …ijfvD h²Â sYsV yst pfq.' (kfpdjvfkcn nfsm' 90ix}, zft ufsm'223ix})

ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, `YfÛ rsq tfÒbf nrA jsvdY, kfƒ zfu dw[j rsq n©mfb tfH jvdY.'

15. k]fv nfmsb W diYsb k]fv iadk jxkÎkf öDjfv jvshb. 16. dw[j dikxkctA W dwd[jf mfkxkctA rb, kfƒ k]fv zbcoar dhn¹xk

rshb bf. 17. k]fv ubA lczf jvshb, k]fv uDhÜwfq W mvsBv iv. 18. stfjmfsU k]fv iawQnf jvshb ˆhQ sj… k]fv hlbfm jvst iadkhfl

jvshb. dw[j-dwd[jf zfmfslv waÝfv ifÛ. zkˆh k]fslv iadk zfmfslv jkGhA

zsbj. n¤ydvÛkfv nc¦lv hAhrfv ifWqfv zdLjfv k]fslvƒ shdw.


YfÛ-YfÛDv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf

YfÛ-YfÛD HdhNAskv bfodvj. kfvf dwd[k rsq ufdkv smv¢là rsh. kfvf dbu hfdV W idvmàt sYsV dhlAftsq iVsk zfsn. kfslv iadk dhlAftq jkxGi[ W dw[j-dwd[jfslv jkGhA jm bq. kfvf k]fslv mfKfq yfifsbf zfmfbk, snƒ zfmfbsk dJqfbk jvf k]fslv ubA zfslZ ³hL bq.

zfncb zfmvf sldJ, jD snƒ njt lfdqk¶ ˆhQ jD snƒ nh zfmfbk. 1. YfsÛv zfjDlf W dhw¶fn ö¤Y jv¢b. ƒntfmD iajxdk W nftfID zfjDlfq

dwð-djswfvsj dhw¶fnD j'sv kctcb. ndEj kvdhqskv mfLAsm jcdhw¶fn, zá dhw¶fn, zmCtj dhw¶fn, jcIvD, dwjGD W dhlzfkD dhw¶fn W mkhfl kfv mb sKsj mcsY sItcb.

2. YfÛsj nc¦lv ydvsÛ ydvÛhfb j'sv kctcb. sn spb zflwGhfb mcndtm W zflwGhfb nmfu-nlnA, zflwGhfb bfodvj rsq osV …Esk ifsv.

3. dw[j rsq YfsÛv ˆhQ dwd[jf rsq YfÛDv zfidb zflwG rb. spb kfvf zfibfsj bmcbf hfdbsq iaskAj zflh, n¤ydvÛkf W ƒhflsk zHA²À rsk ifsv.

ƒmfm mfstj (vfdrmfùïfr) hstb, `zfmfv zf©mf pJb zfmfsj ƒtXm zuGsbv ubA ifEfstb, kJb zdnqk j'sv htstb, ªkcdm vhDzfv jfsY pfW ˆhQ k]fv ƒtXsmv zfso k]fv zflh dw[f jv.«

dw[f rq jfsuv ubA, nckvfQ zfidb zfso jfsuv jfuD rb, kfrst YfÛvf zfibfv zbcofmD rsh. bsy{ ufsbb skf, mrfb zfïfrv hfBD,

}�7&��7._&F$�7%&>XK7#!:'א�א�F4�7->��7ن'@�'@R7/��7#��F��7�7@'ن�y7/)�٢�(7�:�Fu��R7#��7��!>��>1�Kن�א��F$א��'�@�'@R7/��7#��F��א��'��)��٣(}/�7�y7@'ن7 �

ªsr dhw¶fdnoB! skfmvf pf jv bf, kf ht sjb? skfmvf pf jv bf, skfmfslv kf htf zfïfrv dbje zdkwq zns§ÀfNubj.« (n¶fIX } 2-3)

�א��R)��٤٤(}/R<�7<�@'ن�F�FbF$�7��7אC�<7/�7>�@'ن�7وC7�@y�F$�<-:�F$7@->�و7/7!�7'>ن�7"<��<�?�א�!8�سA7/F$�7#:�:ون7{ �ªdj zfÇypG! skfmvf dbsuslv dh±mxk rsq mfbcNsj n{jfsuv dbslGw lfW,

zKy skfmvf djkfh (oa§¿) zLAqb jv, ksh dj skfmvf hcU bf?« (hfj¶fvfr } 44)

4. zfidb YfsÛv jfsY iamfdBk jv¢b sp, zfidb dw[flfsb lchGt bb. ˆ ubA zfidb HfstfHfsh zbcwDtb j'sv j½fw dbsk pfb. bsy{ YfÛslv dbje


ˆjhfv zfibfv lchGtkf Lvf iVst kfvf zfibfv iadk zf²¿f rfdvsq zfibfsj rfîf Hfhsk ðv¢ jvsh. nckvfQ zfibfv spfoAkf Kfjf W iamfB jvf ˆjf§À uv¢vD.

5. ˆmb Ûfn hf smufu dbsq Kfjshb bf, pfsk YfÛ zfibfsj sjfb lvjfdv dhNqW duÎfnf jvsk Hq ifq. nvtHfsh njt YfsÛv jKf ðbst zfibfv kvdhqskv iadk kfslv mb W mou ök}±ICkGHfsh …¦mcÙÁ rsh.

6. nlf-nhGlf YfsÛv nrspfoD rb, pfsk sn nruHfsh kfv hcdÝmÙfv dhjfw W dhlAf ianfsvv zdHhAdÙÁ Oefsk n[m rq. zfibfv mfsU W YfsÛv mfsU dw[fv bh zbcHCdk W zfoar zfdh°jfv jv¢b. pfsk YfÛ mfU isK ùmdV sJsq isV bf pfq.

7. zfidb YfsÛv iadk nlq rb, kfv drkfjf£[D W ðHfbcLAfqD rb. zfmfbklfdv iajfw j'sv kfsj dw[flfb jv¢b ˆhQ sjfb dhNq sofib j'sv zKhf idvshwsb jfiGBA j'sv kfsj iakfdvk jvshb bf.

8. zfibfv …iv sjfb iajfsvv yfi spb dw[flfsbv …iv iaHfh bf sItsk ifsv, skmb mfbdnjkf ³kdv jv¢b. shkb jm rWqfv jfvsB zKhf jkGxis[v sjfb lchGAhrfsvv jfvsB zfidb YfÛslv iadk pctcm jvshb bf.

9. YfÛslv mfsU Odek zbAfsqv iadkhfl jvsk lchGt rshb bf. pkƒ iaHfhwftDv n§Àfb srfj, ƒbnfI spb zfibfv dyvnÌD rq. zfïfrv hAfifsv sjfb db¦lcsjv db¦lfsj Hq jvshb bf.

10. YfÛslv dw[f W kvdhqklfsb sjht sjfsnGv …isv dbHGv jvshb bf ˆhQ ifEAic²Àj W ivD[f-sbfsev msLAƒ nDmfhÝ vfJshb bf. kfslvsj iK ialwGb j'sv …¦mcÙÁ bDt zfjfsw …Vsk dwJfb, hV rWqfv hV öi´ slJfb. ksh nmfsuv hf²Àhkf W kvdhqskv mfsU spfonCÛ spb zhwAƒ Kfsj.

11. YfÛ zfibfv Hct Lvst iaw²À r™lsq smsb dbb ˆhQ zfstfybf-nmfstfybf jvfv ncspfo dlb. kfv dy§ÀfwdÙÁ hLGsb nrspfdokf jv¢b. kfv Hct rst nsnsr nQswfLb j'sv dlb.

12. ˆmbHfsh …äcÝ jv¢b, pfsk sn hÙÁxkf jvsk W stJfdtdJ jvsk ifsv. nmfu nQõfsv bfbf HCdmjf oarB jvsk ifsv.

13. kvdhqsk ˆmb djYc hAhrfv jvshb bf, pfsk YfÛ-YfÛD n§ÃfnD hf so]fVf jÕvi§¿D drnfsh osV bf WsE. kfslv msb-mosu …lfvkf W mLAi§¿fv hDu hib jv¢b.

14. njtsjƒ iaKm ²¿fb zdLjfv jvfv ubA …äcÝ jv¢b. kfslv mfsU kfslv zfsifsn dw[fv hAfifsv iadkspfdokf W iadkäd¦äkfv mfbdnjkf nxdó


jv¢b. 15. lnG hf ifE slWqfv nmq zKhf j½fw sbWqfv nmq hfƒsvv njt

n©ijG dYâ jv¢b. zfibfv smfhfƒt W YfÛslv smfhfƒt dhtjct há vfJcb. 16. YfÛslv sjfb zswfHbDq zfyvsBv iadkhfsl zfidb sjfb zswfHbDq

HfNf hAhrfv jvshb bf, hAÌ-dhû™i, jef[ hf oftfofdt jvshb bf. ˆv Ist zfibfv iadk kfslv waÝf jsm pfsh zKhf wCbA rsq pfsh. zdk iasqfub YfVf mfvLv jvshb bf. kfskW nDmfhÝkf Kfjf zfhwAj.

17. lnG slWqfv nmq sjht zfibfv stjyfv hf hAfJAflfbƒ psKó bq. YfÛslv nfsK mk-dhdbmq W iaswfÙv ufvD vfJcb. kfsk dw[fq shdw IttfH rsh.

18. YfÛ sp iawƒ jsv dhbsqv nfsK …lfv msb kfv …Ùv dlb. …Ùv ufbf bf Kfjst ùfdb bf' hf `susb hth' htf slfsNv bq. hvQ mfb h]fyfsbfv ubA zKhf lfq nfvfv ubA Hct …Ùv htst ˆhQ kfvf ndEjef ufbst kfsk zfibfv shdw zimfb rsh.

19. ˆmb kvdhqk dlb, pfsk äDsbv nfsK lcdbqf ˆhQ lcdbqfv nfsK äDbW kfslv jfsY nru rq. äDb mcndtmsj dwJskƒ rsh. kf hst lcdbqfsj …si[f jvf pfsh bf. spmb sjht lcdbqf dwsJ äDbsj Èv¢k¶rDb msb jvf pfsh bf. zhwA sJqft vfJshb, pfsk `lc tfsq dlsq if, mLAJfsb Fcsh pf'---ˆmb spb bf rq.

20. dhswNHfsh sJqft vfJcb, Jch nkjGkfv nfsK t[A vfJcb, pfsk sjfb YfÛ hf YfÛD sjfb iajfv ³bdkj zL}iksbv dwjfv bf rq. kfslv zfsifsn zKhf zfibfv nfsK snƒ Lvsbv yfdvdÛj sbfQvfdm spb lfbf sh]sL bf WsE. bsy{ zflwG dw[fv ufqofq pdl zflwGrDbkfv jfu rq, ydvÛ oVfv ufqofq pdl ydvÛ L¶Qn rsq pfq, kfrst mfbcN pfsh sjfKfq? dhw¶fn jvsh jfsj? mfûfnfv mclfdvGn, mnduslv ƒmfm, õct-jstsuv dw[j-dwd[jfvfƒ pdl ydvÛrDb rq, kfrst zbA mfbcN jD rsh?

`v[j pdl H[j rq sj jdvsh v[f, LfdmGj pdl ycdv jsv, sj slsh kfsv dw[f?'


�sbkf hf mAfsbufsvv nfsK nlfyvB

sp sjfb iadkôfsb zfibfv iaLfb sp, zKhf zfidb pfv sbkxk¶fLDsb sjfbW jfu jsvb, kfv nfsK zfibfv ncn©ijG zhwAƒ uv¢vD. zfv snef skf zfibfv dbsuv Hftfƒsqv ubA.

nckvfQ zfidb kfv zfbcokA jvshb. kfv jfsY dhbqD Kfjshb ˆhQ …Ýk rshb bf. pdlW sjfbHfsh sn zfibfv

sKsj sYfe. nc¦lv nsìfLsb Ffj slshb. HûHfsh waÝfv nfsK jKfhfkGf htshb. zfibfv mAfsbufv, hn hf zdInfv zfibfv zfmDv. kfƒ sn zfibfv

zfbcokA ifWqfv zdLjfv vfsJ. zfv mcndtmslv uDhb ncwx£JtfhÝ. kfƒ kfvf ˆjƒ ufmfzfsk ufmfzfkhÝ rsq ˆjƒ vfóºsbkfv zLDsb hnhfn jsv. spJfsbƒ Kfsj, snJfsb kfslvsj umfsqkjfvD ufsm' W ufmfzfk ˆhQ kfv ƒmfm Kfsj. ˆmbdj nIsv KfjstW kfslv ˆjub zfmDv Kfsj.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, �))�+F$7#?�:وא�o: �b��Fy��mM7��77�7ج��G9ذא�)�-f((.� �

zKGf{, dkbub nIsv shv rst kfslv …dyk, ˆjubsj zfmDv dbhGfyb jvf. (zfhC lf†l 2608-2609, dn} nrDrfr 1322bQ)

zhwAƒ iaLfb hf zfmDv zfbcokA ifWqfv zdLjfvD. ksh zShL dhNsq zfbcokA ifWqfv zdLjfv sbƒ kfv. ³hL bq zbcok jfsvfv ubA sjfb zShL dhNsq zfbcokA jvf. zfmHfsh wvDqskv dbslGw rt,

Fb�،��M,9ذ7א�$@#<��7((�>�<�7�>"�7�7#<o:&�<ن$�Ke9)�،�7�9�Fu7��$+�8�7و� >b�@M7��Klوא��:]<��F�7א��F>�<�א��:�>�<-�9א��8�FM7��Fh�Fe7�7و]<�7��F�Fb��M >�<�7�>".((� �

ªmcndtsmv ubA (kfv wfnjslv) jKf swfbf W mfbf Ivp, kfsj sn jKf iY¦l tfocj zKhf ziY¦l tfocj; pk[B bf kfsj ifijfsuv dbslGw slWqf rq. zk}iv pJb kfsj ifijfsuv zfslw slWqf rsh kJb kfv jKf swfbf W mfbf Ivp bq.« (hcJfvD 7144, mcndtm 4869bQ)

))e�FM7��Fh�7>�@'ق��>��p>b�>M7 >�<�7#�9k>��7��א.((� �ªnaófv zhfLAkf j'sv sjfb nxdóv zfbcokA sbƒ.« (k¶fhfvfbD 14795,

zfrmfl 20653bQ)


zfibfv mfdtj, iaLfb hf mAfsbufsvv zfidb drkfjf£[D rshb. êf mcndtm drnfsh zfibfv jkGhA. zfv kfv shkb sHfo jvst sn lfdqk¶ däÈBHfsh zfvW hxdÝ ifq. zfïfrv vnCt � hstsYb,

»��<�7#�<-@C£�@u77אع�و��<-@C£�@u�FeF$��<%�7��\�7#��7>~:'ل':f77אع�و� F��Fb�>1>8#<¦:�א��F�7��i>XKא�!8�س�9>�7�~:'ل\��%7>��>�>�F�7�7>�<.7��و7و"�>;< 7"��F�7��mM7 �7א�<�@�F$<�7��9"7 ><1<�وf7:'�7#�7>~:'ل\��7!>.:->�و7א��<fF$��F�77אع��:�:x88<1<�و7א�� >�7�

�7אع�وC£�@u7@�->��و7��mMF�':~<�7#�7�>f7!>.:->�و7א��7��<-�@C£�@CFb�FeF$�:1�<!7��\�7#��7>~:'ل'�:f7و�>�>�? �7אع��F�7#�7�ل�7��9�:�<��>1>8 >�7��.»#�7>~:'ل\��%7>� �

ªskfmfslv iaskAsjƒ lfdqk¶wDt ˆhQ iaskAjsjƒ kfv lfdqk¶-dhNsq (djqfmsk) SjdIqk jvf rsh. ƒmfm (vfóºbfqj kfv vfsóºv) ˆjub lfdqk¶wDt, sn kfv lfdqk¶-n©isjG duÎfdnk rsh. icv¢N kfv idvhfsv lfdqk¶wDt, sn kfv lfdqk¶-dhNsq duÎfdnk rsh. mdrtf kfv öfmD-oxr W n§Àfsbv lfdqk¶wDtf, sn kfv lfdqk¶-dhNsq duÎfdnkf rsh. yfjv kfv mcdbshv zsKGv lfdqk¶wDt, sn kfv lfdqk¶-dhNsq duÎfdnk rsh. skfmfslv iaskAsjƒ ˆj ˆjub lfdqk¶wDt ˆhQ iaskAsjƒ kfv lfdqk¶-dhNsq duÎfdnk rsh.« (hcJfvD 893, 5188 iaHxdk, mcndtm 1829bQ)

sp jfu jvfv ycdÙÁhÝ zfidb, zfibfsj kf jvsk rsh ˆhQ kfsk I]fdj slWqf pfsh bf. zbAfsbAv kctbfq shkb jm hst snƒ Wusv jkGshA zhsrtf jvsk ifsvb bf. jfvB zfidb snƒ shksb n©mk rsq ycdÙÁhÝ rsqsYb. zfv ycdÙÁ iftb jvf ˆjde n¤ydvÛkf.

nkjG Kfjshb, mfdtsjv Lb-n©islv hAfifsv ˆhQ kfv idvhfsvv hAfifsv. kfsk spb zfibfv äfvf sjfb iajfv dJqfbk bf rsq hsn. spsrkc dJqfbk jvf W dhw¶fn HfÌf lcÇydvsÛv jfu. nQ²¿f hf hfdVv sjfb vrnA hfƒsv iajfw jvfW ˆj iajfv zfmfbsk dJqfbk. nckvfQ nfhLfb.

sbkxk¶fLDb stfsjslv nfsK nlfyvB

1. zfidb sbkf hf mAfsbufv rst zfibfv zLDsb sp njt stfj jfu jsv, kfslv iadk …Ýk rshb bf. sjfbW sYfeJfe hAfifsv ilsj hAhrfv j'sv mwf mfvsk jfmfb lfoshb bf. islv zbAfq hAhrfv skf ³hLƒ bq.

2. zfidb il²¿ hAdÙÁ rsq ƒntfsmv zfm …islw msb vfJcb. ƒb wfzfïfr zfidb ydvÛhfb rshb, zfibfv sbkxk¶fLDb stfsjvf zfibfsj waÝf jvsh ˆhQ zfibfv jfsu …{iflb hxdÝ ifsh.


mrfbhD � hstsYb, 8��7אع�u@�7��8��<�\�א��71K(9ن8((�7 F$��87+�،7]8م>�ذF¤>y�F}>�7א�>7��7+�،:��7�<�7s�7لFA<�7&�7�:x8%7��9>�א��<fF$�>1>< 7".((� �

ªzfïfr kfzftf iaskAj v[jsj kfv v[Bfsh[B n©isjG ˆhQ iaskAj kÙ¶fhLfqj W zdHHfhjsj kfv kÙ¶fhLfb W zdHHfhjk¶ n©isjG iaw jvshb. pKfKGƒ dj kfvf kfslv jkGhA iftb jsvsY, zKhf zhsrtf srkc kf dhbó jsvsY?« (bfnf„ 9174 , ƒhsb drêfb 4492, n} ufsm'1774bQ)

�))��@�7�:'W:�&7'>م�7&7�:'W:�وF|�7':f7�ش��¹<��7< �Ke9)�،�>1>8+8�7م�7א&�،�M8 >�7��@� 1<�א>�<7#��#<%>��7>��&�7�7�M8!F1<�א�< F�7�.((��M7&9و7א��p>b77��"<!:�>2<1<:�((�و.l:27&�<-F�Fb�M8!Fא��FM72>7א��<�>S7&�<-F��.�((� �

��->��:�>��M7&9و7א��7א�@�>�<��F��:�7.<S7&�Fe�8-:��،�7.:->�وF��:B7�<!7&7.:�->�،��:�((�و��7':#@$�p>�7&�¦#$�<%>#��7#�FM8!7S�7�7#.:-:�א�<�:G<�7&�<-F��Ke9).�((� �

ªsjfb hf¦lfsj zfïfr sjfb iaufv …iv wfnj hfbfst, spdlb sn mvsh sndlb pdl sn iaufv iadk sL]fjfhfdu j'sv msv, kfrst zfïfr kfv iadk ufâfk rfvfm j'sv slshb.« (hcJfvD 7151, mcndtm 380, 4834bQ)

zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªzk}iv sn (wfnj) kfv drkfjfd£[kfv nfsK kfslv zdLjfvnmCr v[f jvt bf, sn ufâfskv ncoáecjcW ifsh bf.« (hcJfvD 7150bQ)

mcndtsmv zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªsp sjfb zfmDv mcntmfbslv slJfðbfv lfdqk¶ dbt, zk}iv sn kfslv (nmnAf lCv jvfv) syóf jvt bf ˆhQ kfslv drkfjf£[D rt bf, sn kfslv nsÌ ufâfsk iashw jvsh bf.« (mcndtm 383, 4836bQ)

nckvfQ zfidb zfibfv sbkxk¶fLDb stfsjslv hAfifsv lfdqk¶wDt W drkfjf£[D rb. bsy{ idvBfm zfidb ufbsk ifvstb.

3. zfibfv zfslw W dbsNsL bmakf ncswfdHk srfj. ˆskW zfibfv …ijfv rsh ˆhQ mrfbhD �-ˆv sbj lczfq wfdmt rshb. bsy{ sbkxk¶fLDb hAdÙÁhsoGv hAfifsv pdl zfidb jsEfv rb, kfrst zfibfv jfsuv [dk rsh ˆhQ mrfbhD �-ˆv ˆƒ hÜczfv wfdmt rsk ifsvb. dkdb hstsYb,

�))��9��<#F$�<%�>#�7p�>�71<�،�و7#�7%>�و�< F�7��<k@R<a�Fb�،�<-9.< F�7��8k7�Fb��~< 7a�p>8#@$�9�<#$�<%>#�7p>�7�8#7%>�و-:.Kא��>1>"�<k@b��Fb�،�<-9.>"�7kFb7�Fb��~< 7a�p>8#@$.((� �

ªsr zfïfr! sp sj… zfmfv …©mskv sjfb jfsuv djYc lfdqk¶ dbsq


kfslvsj jsó sItsh, kcdm kfsj jsó sIstf. zfv sp sj… zfmfv …©mskv sjfb jfsuv djYc lfdqk¶ dbsq kfslv nfsK bmakf jvsh, kcdm kfv nfsK bmakf jsvf.« (mcndtm 4826bQ)

zfidb zfibfv zfyvB W hAhrfsv dbjxó sbkf hf mAfsbufv rshb bf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))�@M7�Fl@�<�א��8�7א��?�7�a�8ن)((.� �ªdbÇyq dbjxókm wfnj sn, sp iaufslv hAfifsv jsEfvkf zhtìb jsv.« nckvfQ zfidb kfslv ltHcÙÁ rWqf sKsj lCsv Kfjcb. (zfrmfl 20913,

mcndtm 4838bQ) 4. zfibfv sbkxk¶fLDb stfsjslv zHfh-zdHspfo slJfv lfdqk¶ zfibfv.

bf slJst kfv idvBfm yvm m¦l rsh. mrfbhD � hstsYb, �))��،�<->f9��RFb79->�و.>�K�7G77<.9->�وx��7+�7�7�7د:ونS7<+�Fb�،�7�>��9א�@�>�<':#@$�<%>#��~< 7a�@�#7%>�و�Ke7:�א

�>M7#�7 >R��9<�&7'>م�7א�RFb71<�و>K�7G77<1<�وx�7+�7د:ون�@��)).א+>�7�7S7א �ªsp hAdÙÁsj zfïfr mcntdmslv sjfb (vfu) jfspG dbpcÙÁ jvstb, zk}iv

sn kfslv zHfh-zdHspfo, iasqfub W zbeb sKsj zlxwA Kfjt, djqfmskv dlb zfïfr sn hAdÙÁv zHfh-zdHspfo, iasqfub W zbeb sKsj zlxwA Kfjshb.« (kf iCvBgjvshb bf.) (zfhC lf…l 2950, dkvdmpD 1332bQ)

5. sbkxk¶lfb hf mAfsbufv rWqf hV jdEb jfu. kfsk lcbGDdk sKsj lCsv Kfjcb. njt mfbcsNv mb²Âdó tfH jvf hV lcv™r jfu. nckvfQ mfbcsNv mb spfofsbfv hAfifsv zfidb mrfb iadkiftsjv n§Âdóv jKf LAfsb W msb vfJshb. bsy{ It m¦l rsh.

ˆjlf mczfdhqf � zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)sj ˆƒ zfshlb ufdbsq dydE dtJstb sp, `zfmfv ubA ˆjde dydE dtJcb ˆhQ kfsk zfidb zfmfsj djYc zdnqk jv¢b (m§ÃBf W …islw slb). zfv shwD Hfv slshb bf.' nckvfQ zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) rpvk mczfdhqf � sj dydEsk dtJstb sp, `nftfmcb zftfƒj. zk}iv zfdm zfibfsj ufbfƒ sp, zfdm zfïfrv vnCt �-sj htsk ðsbdY, dkdb hstsYb,

))9%7#�7T7�1<��7s9��7א7�Kא�!8�س�9"<��7�7<�א��:��Fb�u�:1Kא��FM7�<o:#�9�7و�9%7#7،�א�!8�سT7��א�!�8�س��9�7s9��7א7�>�7�7�>"�>1K1:�א��F�Fu71:�وKא��F�9)א�!8�س�((.� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ stfsjslvsj zn§Âó jsvW zfïfrv n§Âdó zsb¶NB jsv, sn hAdÙÁv ubA stfsjslv jólfsb zfïfrƒ psKó rb. zfv sp hAdÙÁ zfïfrsj


zn§Âó jsv stfsjslv n§Âdó sJ]fsu sn hAdÙÁsj zfïfr stfsjslv iadkƒ snfilG jsv slb.« znXnftfmc zftfƒjX.' (dkvdmpD 2414, dntdntfr nrDrfr 2311bQ)

zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªsp hAdÙÁ stfsjslvsj zn§Âó jsvW zfïfrv n§Âdó zsb¶NB jsv, sn hAdÙÁv iadk zfïfr n§Âó rb ˆhQ stfsjslvsjW kfv iadk n§Âó jsvb. zfv sp hAdÙÁ zfïfrsj zn§Âó jsv stfsjslv n§Âdó zsb¶NB jsv, sn hAdÙÁv iadk zfïfr zn§Âó rb ˆhQ stfsjslvsjW kfv iadk zn§Âó jsv slb.« (ƒhsb drêfb 276bQ iamcJ)

6. zfibfv zLDb²¿ hAdÙÁ pdl mdrtf rq, kfrst jkGhA zfsvf shdw zfibfv OfsV. kfv bfvDk¶, nkDk¶, ilGf, wftDbkf ˆhQ shofbf icv¢Nslv nfsK smtfdmwfv hAfifv wvDqk zbcpfqD zfibfv mfKfq vfJf zfhwAj. bsy{ kfv jcIt zfibfv nhGbfw zfbsk ifsv.

7. jmGD hf jmGyfvDslv nfsK zfidbW jsmG spfo dlb, kfslv shfUf rfîf jv¢b. kfsk zfibfv iadk kfslv waÝf shsV pfsh ˆhQ jsmG hùÈB nfItA ifshb.

ˆ hAfifsv bmcbf rstb zfmfslv mrfbhD �. ˆjlf ˆj nIsv ˆjde Yfot ifjfhfv jKf rt. ˆj nfrfhD htstb, `Wef

pshr jvfv lfdqk¶ zfmfv.' zbA ˆjub htstb, `Wv yfmVf YfVfsbfv lfdqk¶ zfmfv.' zbA ˆjub htstb, `Wef vfâf jvfv lfdqk¶ zfmfv.' k]fslv zfmDv mrfbhD � htstb, ù¶ftfdb nQoar jvfv lfdqk¶ zfmfv.' k]fvf htstb, `zfmvfƒ psKó. (zfibfv jó jvfv iasqfub sbƒ.)' dkdb htstb,

�;�$��p�'yC/�-Cو��u$�ÈC$ن��(��dن��$��%�#��C&�� b�،-C,ن�א��v Ë$ vא�"��23$�"1��).&�א��#` �

ªzfdm ufdb, skfmvfƒ psKó. dj§Â zfdm ziY¦l jdv sp, skfmfslv mfsU ixKj ³hdwóA vfdJ. spsrkc zfïfr kfv hf¦lfv ubA êf ziY¦l jsvb sp, dkdb kfsj kfv nÌDslv mfsU ixKj ³hdwóAhfb slsJb.«

nckvfQ dkdb …sE u¶ftfdb jfE nQoar jvsk tfostb. (zfvGfrDj¶ct mfJkCm 478ix})

zfècïfr dhb mfn†l � hstb, hlsvv isK pfWqfv nmq nWqfvD öv™i iaskAj dkb usbv ubA ˆjde j'sv …e Hfso isVdYt. vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv


nWqfv-nÌD rsqdYstb zfhC tchfhfr W zftD dhb zfhD kfsth (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbùmf). vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv iftf ˆst k]fvf …Hsq k]fsj htstb, `zfmvf lc'usb zfibfv rsq r]fde.' dj§Â dkdb kf iakAfJAfb j'sv htstb,

))�7#��7�:<�F$�i7'dFA>"�p?!>#��F�77��و�F$��7!|FA>"�<%7��9�<xFA�7��א�@C<!>#.((� �zKGf{, skfmvf zfmfv yfƒsk shdw wdÙÁwftD bW ˆhQ zfdm skfmfslv

yfƒsk nWqfshv shdw zmcJfsi[D bƒ. (zfrmfl 3901, bfnf„v jchvf 8807, rfsjm 2453, ƒhsb drêfb 4733, dn} nrDrfr 2257bQ)

zbcv™i …mfvW jsvdYstb Jfslsmv nfsK dIdt²ÀDsbv isK. zfibfv dbje ivD[f iafKGbDq.

hxÝ-hxÝfv nfsK nlfyvB

ƒntfm rt nrfbcHCdk, nrmdmGkf, nmmdmGkfv LmG. ƒntfm …lfvkf, jv¢Bf W mfqf-mmkfv LmG. ƒntfsm zfsY bAfqivfqBkf, zdLjfvDv zdLjfv ialfb W iaskAsjv ö-ö mpGflf ialfsbv dhLfb. ƒntfmD wvDqsk zfsY mfbhfdLjfv v[fv kfjDl.

ƒntfm zfmfslvsj hxÝslv zdLjfv iftsb zoafdLjfv lfb jvfv dbslGw slq; pdlW sn zmcndtm rq. kfrst hxÝ hf hxÝf pdl mcndtm rq, kfrst kfv zdLjfv jk?

kfv isvW sn pdl iadkshwD rq, kfrst kfv zdLjfv jk? kfv isvW sn pdl sjfb zfk¹Dq rq, kfrst kfv zdLjfv jk? kfv isvW sn pdl mf zKhf hfi rq, kfrst kfv zdLjfv jk? ˆjub hsqfhxÝ mfbcN, pfv zd²¿ lchGt rsq isVsY. wdÙÁ tDb rsq sosY,

lxdó [DB rsq sosY, sjwvfdw ðë rsq sosY, sn mfbcN dj vrmspfoA bq? sn mfbcN dj lqf W waÝfv ifÛ bq?

zfmvf zrvr slsJ Kfdj, hxÝ spb zfib idvhfsv sKsjW ˆjub zidvdyk sj…, sj… kfsj sysb bf, zsybf mcnfdIv.

hxÝ jKf htst djswfv-djswfvDvf kfsj Lmj dlsq yci Kfjsk hst! sn sjfb zfslw hf dbsNL jvst kfv iadk jBGifk jvf rq bf. spb kfv

jKfv zfv sjfbƒ mCtA sbƒ. zfu rqskf sn hfdV rsk shv rsk ifsv bf, msb zfwf ufostW kfsj

nrspfdokf jvf rq bf. dhYfbfok rst rqskf shef-h…sqv otoar rsq Kfjsk ifsv, kfslv


jfhfsh rfdÖ hf ncsJv W Icstv dhYfbfq j]fef rsk ifsv. rqskf hf kfvf kfsj hxÝfwasm ifdEsq zfvfm tfH jvsk yfq. zfv sn snJfsb dbsuv hfLGsjAv jfvsB jó ifsh, jó ifsh dbsuv zfibubsj slJsk bf ifWqfv lc}sJ.

zKhf hfdVsk ixKj dhd¤Yâ js[ kfsj vfJf rq. kJb hfdVv s±efv-v¢sm nm²À icvsbf zfnhfh-isÛv msLA kfvƒ lfm nhsysq jm rq. rqskf kfv slsr sjfb lcoGá Kfsj zKhf sn dhYfbfq sinfh-ifqJfbf jsv. zfv kfv Ist kfsj Jfhfv zKhf WNcL dlskW kfv jfsY sj… zfnsk yfq bf.

pJb oHDv vfsk hfLGsjAv jfdw hxÝ hf hxÝfsj dbiDdVk jsv, Ob Ob jfdw rq, kJb sj… lvl bf sldJsq …s¬e dhvÙÁ rsq hst, `ˆ hcsVfv vfskW jfdw! ˆv u¶ftfsk sj… öd²Àsk ˆjec OcmfskW ifsh bf!'

swN hqsn hxÝ-hxÝf hfdVv ˆjub zhfdÒk smrmfb, pJb njst zLDv zfoasr zsi[f jsv, sn jJb ˆ hfdV kAfo jvsh ˆhQ njstv ufsb hfkfn ifsh! msb msb dhvÙÁ rsq zsbsj hÜczf dlsq htsh, `JcnJcsn jfdw OcnOcsn u¶v, IcnIcsn Y]flf hcsVf kcƒ mv.'

hxÝ-hxÝf sjfb Hfstf jKf htstW zsbsjv iY¦l rq bf. zfv kJb sn dhVdhV jvst kfvf hst, Òsvv wÛ¢�hcdV, sisev wÛ¢�mcdV, zfv slsrv wÛ¢ H]cdV.' zKhf `hfdVv zfil hcdV, slsrv zfil H]cdV, zfv sisev zfil mcdV.'

hcsVf mfbcN sjfb vsnv jKf htst zKhf nfusofu jvst zKhf pchjslv sjfb dudbn hAhrfv jvsk yfƒst hst, `hcsVf hqsn lcL-skftfv svfo.' `zfb mfoDv zfb dys§À, hcsVf mfoDv Hfkfv dys§À.'

sjfb djYc dybsk Hct jvst hst, `hcsVf rsqW hj sysb bf.' sjfb lfmD dudbn sJsk hf ivsk yfƒst hst, `Hfk ifq bf eËf hcdV, Jfef

sJsk yfq.' pJb sj… hst, `dkb mfKf pfv, hcdÝ�sbsh kfv.' (dkb mfKf = lcƒ r]fec W

mfKf dmdtsq hnf hxÝ, zKGf{ zdHÎ hAdÙÁv hcdÝ W ivfmwG sbsh.) kJb zsbAvf hst, `yAfQVfv hcdÝ�otfq, hcVfv hcdÝ�ktfq.'

ifjf yct slJst stfsjvf mõvf jsv. `hcsVf rsq sostb, mcv¢êD sjmb zfsYb?' ƒkAfdl jKf swfbf pfq. iahDBslv sp dudbn mpGflf W waÝf hxdÝv, sn dudbn dbsq bhDbvf hAÌ jsv.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, )):�< �:�א��8':��9%>#<o@א��:� >�7&Fe�\�:x7��M7�< 7a�p>b�9مF�<�[א�Ke)�<;7��u��:1�F��?��@C>"��M7�< �7a��mM7!7��7+�


7]b:��)).د7��M7x7"<.7��و7 �ªðë sjw mcdmsbv bCv (suAfdk). ƒntfsm sp hAdÙÁvƒ ˆjde sjw ðë rsh,

snƒ hAdÙÁv iaskAj ðë sjswv idvhskG ˆjde jsv sbjD tfH rsh ˆhQ ˆjde jsv mpGflfq sn …âDk rsh.« (hfƒrfjDv ðzfhct „mfb 6387, dntdntfr nrDrfr 1243 bQ)

djswfv-djswfvD W pchj-pchkDvf hxÝ-hxÝf dbsq vrnA jsv. kJb kfvf ˆ jKf msbW zfsb bf sp, ìfk isV jdt rfsn, Wsv jdt skfvW ˆ dlb zfsY.' zKhf Ò]cse sifsV sofhv rfsn, Wsv sofhv skfvW ˆ dlb zfsY.'

kfslv msb hsqfhxÝslv iadk sjfb iajfv waÝf Kfsj bf. kfvf sp ƒntfm-dhsvfLD jfu jvsY, sn jKf mcndtm rsqW msb vfsJ bf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))7T< F��<%>#�p>8#@$�<%7#�<-F��8�>S:&��7�7¦>�Fu�<-7+<�7&77�7��و¦>r73�<��<!7��و9�<�7&7>��1:��<�7KR7+.((� �ªsn hAdÙÁ zfmfv …©mskv ltHcÙÁ bq, sp hAdÙÁ zfmfslv hVslvsj

n©mfb slq bf, sYfeslvsj snr jsv bf ˆhQ zfstsmv zdLjfv sysb bf.« (zfrmfl 22755, k¶fhfvfbD, rfsjm, nrDr kfvoDh 95 bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, �))��7�9¦�Fu�7�7�7a�<� >r73�<-7+<�7&�<-F��<%7#��8!>#�7T<¦�7��،�و9�<�7&7F�.((� �

ªsn hAdÙÁ zfmfslv ltHcÙÁ bq, sp hAdÙÁ zfmfslv sYfeslv iadk lqf jsv bf ˆhQ zfmfslv hVslv n©mfb ufsb bf.« (dkvdmpD 1920bQ)

zfhC lf†slv hBGbfq zfsY } ªzfmfslv hVslv zdLjfv ufsb bf.« (zfhC lf†l 4945bQ)

ydvÛhfb mfbcsNv …dyk, hVslv zfiAfqb W n©mfb jvf. jfvB kfslvsj n©mfb jvst mrfb zfïfrsj n©mfb jvf rq. vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb,

�))��F��7�7/�>� >��9א�7�u)��p>��7rאم�7ذ<��א��8 >�M7<�א�@��>�<-�9،�و7+7�#<��9:�(نx)�<%>#�8>�ل�9אF|�94ن��@Rא��>1 >b��>�R@ن�9א��Fl�_7אم�7ذ<��א��u)77!>1:�،�و��p>b�Fو7א��،.((� �

ªifjf yctWqftf hqõ mcndtsmv, jcvzfb hfrj (rfsIp W zfstm)-ˆv, sp jcvzfsbv hAfifsv zdkvÓb W zhÎfjfvD bq ˆhQ bAfqivfqB hflwfrv n©mfb jvf ˆj iajfv zfïfr kfzftfsj n©mfb jvf.« (zfhC lf†l 4843, zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 357bQ)

hVslv n©mfsb kfslv dJlmk jvf n¤ydvÛ mfbcsNv t[B. ðLc hqsn hV bq, sj… n©mfsb hV rstW kfv dJlmk jvf jkGhA. zfbfn dhb mfstj � hstb, ˆjlf zfdm ufvDv ƒhsb zfècïfr hfuftD �-ˆv nfsK nIsv shv rtfm. (zfmfv sysq hsqfsuAô rWqf nsÙ¶W) dkdb zfmfv dJlmk jvskb.


nckvfQ zfdm k]fsj httfm, `zfidb ˆmb jvshb bf.' dkdb htstb, `zfdm zfbnfvoBsj vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv nfsK (zsbj) djYc jvsk slsJdY. kfƒ zfdm wiK jsvdY sp, k]fslv msLA p]fvƒ nÌD rh, k]fvƒ dJlmk jvh.' (mcndtm 6584bQ)

nf[fsk hVsj zfso-Hfso nftfm slWqf …dyk ydvÛhfsbv. snefƒ rt ƒntfsmv vDdk. vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb,

��:��F�7א�N�7�:&��9¦>=�FC-:�א��8א��F�7��:�>uא��p>a�F،�و7א��F�7��p>a�Fא�FR��<��<�،�و7א��((��FR�.((��p�>b7و��9��7�:��>��M7&9و7א��))�:�9¦>�FCא��F�7��:¦>r8و7א��.((� �

ªzfsvfrD ifsq rf]ef hAdÙÁsj, ifsq rf]ef hAdÙÁ hsn Kfjf hAdÙÁsj ˆhQ z¬i nQJAj stfj zdLj nQJAj stfjsj nftfm slsh.« (hcJfvD 6232, mcndtm 5772bQ)

hcJfvDv zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªsYfe hVsj nftfm slsh.« nsìfLsb waÝfnCyj hfjA iasqfo jvf …dyk sYfeslv. zfv sn jKf mrfbhD �-ˆv nfsK nfrfhf �-osBv hAhrfsv ±ió. k]fvf nhGlf k]fsj `ƒqf vfnCtfïfr! ƒqf bfdhqAfïfr!' hstƒ nsìfLb jvskb. zfv mrfb zfïfrW k]fsj `ƒqf zfƒqcArfv vfnCt! ƒqf zfƒqcArfb bfhD!' hstƒ nsìfLb jsvsYb. zfmfslvW …dyk nmfsu iaydtk sjfb waÝfnCyj wè shsY dbsq hVslvsj nsìfLb jvf.

hfÌftD rstW hVsj `kcm'-ˆv ²¿st `zfi' htf …dyk ˆhQ zhfÌftD rstW hVsj `kcdm'v ²¿st `zfidb' htf jkGhA. HfNf Hfstf shfsU bf hf htsk ifsv bf slsJ kfv nfsK shqflshv HfNf iasqfo jvf nmDyDb bq.

sjfKfW jKf htfv nmq hVsj htsk slWqf …dyk. hV Kfjsk sYfev mcJ yftfsbf …dyk bq.

nfrXt ƒhsb zfhC rfNmf zfbnfvD � hstb, zfècïfr ƒhsb nfrXt ˆhQ mcrfƒdqn¶fr ƒhsb mfn†l � Jfqhfv vWqfbf rstb. sn nmq (snJfbjfv ƒqfùlD ˆhQ mcntmfsbv msLA) ndá dYt. (Jfqhfv si]ZsY ö ö iasqfusb) k]fvf iv±iv ixKj rsq sostb. zk}iv mcrfƒdqn¶fr zfècïfr ƒhsb nfrstv dbje ˆstb, pJb dkdb zfrk rsq vÙÁfÙÁ slsr kVifd¤Ystb. nckvfQ mcrfƒdqn¶fr k]fsj (k]fv mxkcAv iv) snJfsbƒ nmfdL²¿ jvstb. kfviv dkdb mlDbf ˆstb. (mxkcA nQhfl sisq mxskv Hfƒ) zfècv vrmfb ƒhsb nfrXt ˆhQ mfn…slv lcƒ sYst mcrfƒdqn¶fr W ùWqfƒdqn¶fr bhD �-ˆv dbje sostb. zfècv vrmfb jKf htsk sostb. kf slsJ bhD � htstb, ªhsqfsuAôsj jKf htsk lfW, hsqfsuAôsj jKf htsk lfW.« zfv W]slv msLA zfècv


vrmfb hqsn sYfe dYstb. Ist dkdb yci rsq sostb ˆhQ kf]vf lc'ub jKf htstb. (nh Oebf swfbfv iv) bhD � htstb, ªskfmvf dj jnm Jf¤Y ˆhQ (dbu Hfƒsqv) rkAfjfvD sKsj zdLjfv yf¤Y?« zk}iv dkdb n©iCBG rflDn hBGbf jvstb. (hcJfvD 7192, mcndtm 4435, 4441bQ)

zbcv™i hV zfstm Kfjst sYfe zfstmslv Iskfqf slWqf dEj bq. Hct rst zflshv nfsK k]fsj nkjG jvf …dyk. bsy{ hVvf Kfjsk sYfeslv jKf htsk tÏf rWqf …dyk.

zfhC nf„l nfmcvfr ƒhsb ucblch � hstb, `zfdm vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv pcso djswfv dYtfm. zfdm kf]v jKfÈdt mcJ²¿ j'sv dbkfm. dj§Â zfmfsj hBGbf jvsk ˆjefƒ dudbn hfLf nxdó jvk sp, snJfsb zfmfv sysq hsqfsuAô mfbcN …id²¿k Kfjskb.' (hcJfvD, mcndtm 2281bQ)

zfècïfr dhb …mfv � hstb, ˆjlf vfnCtcïfr � htstb, �.»��72Fb��7#�7�>f?�:'�<��א��:�>�<-�9#7=�7:�و7(7.8�9��و7�7�7S7a�Fe�@�@R<�7&��7.@d7��א��9�7S8#<%�7(9ن8«� �

ªhx[nmCsrv msLA ˆjde hx[ zfsY, pfv ifkf Usv bf. snef rt mcndtsmv …imf. skfmvf zfmfsj ht skf, jD snef?«

nckvfQ stfsjvf mv¢ zÑstv hx[nmCsrv jKf Hfhsk tfot. zfv zfmfv msb …lq rt, snef rt sJucv ofY. dj§Â kf htsk zfdm tÏf jvtfm. zk}iv njst htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb htcb, snef jD ofY?' dkdb htstb, ªsnef rt sJucv ofY.«

zk}iv zfdm zfmfv zfêfv jfsY zfmfv msb …Ùv …lq rWqf ˆhQ zfmfv tÏfq htsk bf ifvf jKf ufbfst dkdb zfmfsj htstb, `kcdm pdl …Ùvef htsk, kfrst kf zfmfv dbje zmcj zmcj (n©il) zsi[f swaô rskf.' (hcJfvD 131, mcndtm 7276bQ)�

djYc idvshwb jvfv nmq n©mfb j'sv hVsj nhfv iaKm slWqf jkGhA. bhD � hstsYb,

�))��،�9��7G��7:�#<��7%א��uF$��:f:��7+$�،�9نF��:x7��p>�7��7SFb�،��J7א'>��>"�@J8'7�7/$�97�م!Fא��p>b�p>7א��$�p>��7� >RFb�،�7�7r<3א��FJ7�و7�;:�א��?'7א!Fb�:<�?�Fu��7�:.<!>#�9�7�uא��F�9)�:1`<�Fb7�Fb�،�.((� �

ªzfdm dbsusj ösi´ lf]kb jvsk slJtfm. zk}iv lc'ub stfj ˆt, ˆjub zivusbv sysq hV dYt. zfdm sYfeubsj lf]kbde dltfm, kfviv zfmfsj htf rt, `hVubsj lfW.' nckvfQ zfdm kfslv msLA hsqfsuAô stfjdesj (lf]kb) dltfm.« (hcJfvD dhbf nbsl 246, mcndtm 6071bQ)

sYfe Ffb dlsj KfjstW kfv …dyk, idvshwsbv nmq hVsj zfso dlsk


htf hf zbcmdk slWqf. nfrt dhb nf'l nfsqlD � jkGxj hdBGk, ˆjlf zfïfrv vnCt �-ˆv dbje djYc ifbDq zfbf rst dkdb djYc ifb jvstb. (zk}iv nfrfhfoBsj slWqfv ƒ¤Yf jvstb.) k]fv Ffsb dYt ˆjde djswfv ˆhQ hfsm dYt hxÝvf. dkdb djswfvdesj htstb,

�.�»Fe:o7f�F$�7�>l<�@$�>ن>��<��$A7/Fذ7ن:«� �ªkcdm dj zbcmdk lfW sp, ˆƒ ifbDq zfdm Wslvsj dlƒ?« djswfvde

htt, `zfïfrv jnm, sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfibfv dbje sKsj ifWqf Hfo zfdm zbA jf…sj zfso dlsk yfƒ bf.' nckvfQ dkdb kf kfv rfskƒ Ldvsq dlstb. (hcJfvD 5620, mcndtm 2030bQ)

ƒmfmdkv ubA sjfbW Èv¢k¶iCBG dhNsqv hVsj iafLfbA slWqf …dyk. kfsk nmfb rst hsqfsuAôsj zfso hfVfsbf …dyk.

vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb, :C>��<-:f<7��<�א��،�Fb,ن>��((� 7�d$�7م<'FRم_�א�:o7&��<ن,�Fb�،�>M8!_��>"�<-:.:�F�<�FAb�،��7<��7'7א�א�>Rא��א�':��Fu�

��Fe77#:.:->��<!��،�و�dFAFb�،��7<��7'7א�<S>Êא��א':��Fu�<ن,Fb�،��7�<S>f�<-:.:#7�dFAFb�،��7'7א��>M8!_א��א��':��Fu<�:�R7&�Fe71<�،�و>��Fl�:��7�:x8א��:�:x8�8%�#א��:o7&�>1�<ذ,>"�Ke)�>1>7#9�C7/��F�7��>1>< 7"��.((� �

ªufmfzfskv ƒmfmdk ‰ hAdÙÁ jvsh, sp kfslv msLA nhsysq Hft jcvzfb iVsk ufsb. pdl kfvf iVfsk nmfb rq, kfrst kfslv msLA sp ncâfr (rflDn) shwD ufsb sn (ƒmfmdk jvsh). zk}iv kfvf pdl ncâfrsk nmfb rq, kfrst kfslv msLA nhGfsoa druvkjfvD. pdl druvsk nmfb rq, kfrst kfslv msLA hsqfsuAô (ƒmfmdk jvsh). zfv sjfb hAdÙÁ spb sjfb hAdÙÁv sbkxk¶²¿st ƒmfmdk bf jsv ˆhQ oxsr kfv dhswN zfnsb kfv dhbf zbcmdksk bf hsn.« (mcndtm 1561-1566bQ)

mfstj dhb ùWqfƒdvn � hstb, zfmvf iafq nmhqõ jdkiq bh pchj vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv dbje ˆsn dhw dlb zh²¿fb jvtfm. vfnCtcïfr � zkA§À lqftc W snrivhw dYstb. kfƒ dkdb LfvBf jvstb sp, zfmvf zfmfslv idvhfsvv jfsY dIsv pfhfv ubA …lXoaDh rsq …sEdY. snsrkc dkdb zfmfslvsj iaw jvstb sp, zfmvf zfmfslv idvhfsv jfsj sYsV ˆsndY? nckvfQ zfmvf k]fsj ufbftfm. zfv dkdb dYstb dhbma lqfwDt. dkdb htstb,

��F�9)�<-@Cא�>x<�:'א«�>�<fF$א�':� >dFAFb�<-9. >b�<-:f':�N�7�7و�<-:f9ذ7א�و7#:�:و,Fb��>W7�7 �7+��@�F�87ذ?ن>��א��o�: �Fb��<-�@CF��<-@u:�7+F$�8-:��<-@C8#:o7 ��<-@u:�7�uF$«�.� �


ªskfmvf skfmfslv idvhfsvv jfsY dIsv pfW ˆhQ kfslv mfsUƒ hnhfn jv. kfslvsj dw[f lfb jv ˆhQ kfslvsj (Hft jfsuv) zfslw lfW. zk}iv pJb bfmfspv nmq rsh, kJb skfmfslv msLA sj… ˆjub zfpfb slsh ˆhQ skfmfslv msLA sp hV sn ƒmfmdk jvsh.« (hcJfvD 608,7246, mcndtm 1567bQ)

iaKm jfkfsv ƒmfsmv jfYfjfdY hVslvsj ufqof slWqf …dyk. vfnCtcïfr � bfmfp ðv¢ jvfv nmq zfmfslv (hfucv …idv zQsw) j]fL Yc]sq htskb,

C<!�>#�È>�7@->�$@و�@�'א�א�+>��Fم�9و7א�!_.��7،��:�-��8((�>��،�<-@C:"'@�@d�7�>�7<�7Fb�،א�'@y>�7<�7/�Fe7א�>7':وא�و7%&>XK�7%&�7@'�7.:->�א�&>XK�7@'�7.:->�،��:-�8א�&�.((� �

ªskfmvf snfuf rsq lf]VfW ˆhQ dhdHâv™si lf]Vfsqf bf, (bkchf) skfmfslv z§ÀvnmCr dhdHâ rsq pfsh. zfv skfmfslv msLA pfvf hq}iafå W hcdÝmfb, kfvfƒ spb zfmfv dbjse (iaKm jfkfsv zfmfv iÇyfsk) Kfsj. zk}iv pfvf hqn W hcdÝsk kfslv dbjehkDG kfvf. zk}iv kfslv pfvf dbjehkDG kfvf.« (mcndtm 1000bQ)

hsqfhxsÝv lchGtkfv iadk t[A vfJf ˆhQ lqf ialwGb jvf …dyk. sjfb hAfifsv sYfeslv …dyk bq, hVslvsj dbsuv jfsY zfnsk hfLA jvf.

mÄf dhusqv dlb vfnCtcïfr � mndusl zh²¿fb jvdYstb. ˆmb nmq zfhC hfjXv � k]fv hxÝ dikfsj rfk Lsv k]fv jfsY dbsq ˆstb. k]fsj slsJ dkdb zfhC hfjsvv …sÜswA htstb,

))�K�7f�7;u7�7/�7±< uF$��7�F$�>1@'ن��87+�7"7 ><�p>b�>1א��8>/1<�4 >b.((� �zKGf{, kcdm hxÝsj Osv Kfjsk dlst bf sjb? zfdmƒ …bfv dbje si]ZsY

spkfm. dj§Â zfhC hfjXv � htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb k]fv dbje spskb,

ˆv yfƒsk k]fv ubAƒ shdw …dyk dYt, zfibfv dbje zfnf.' pfƒ srfj, bhD � k]fsj dbu nfmsb hnfstb ˆhQ k]fv hcj ±iwG j'sv

htstb, ªzfidb ƒntfm oarB jv¢b.« nckvfQ dkdb ƒntfm oarB jvstb. zfv kJbƒ dkdb zfslw jvstb, pfsk

k]fv ifjf yctÈstfsj jfstf YfVf zbA vM dlsq vdMsq slWqf rq. (zfrmfl 26956, rfsjm 4363, ƒhsb drêfb 7208bQ)

ƒmfm nfsrshv …dyk, hqõ stfsjslv sJqft j'sv bfmfp rfîf j'sv iVf. spsrkc mrfbhD � hstsYb,


�))��،�<�Ny7�: �Fb�98�س!��<-@u:�7+$��K�739ذ7א�)��K�73�7،�و7(9ذ7א�¦�FC�7و7א�- >R8�7و7א�� >�8 .9-�א�>b�8ن,Fb�7��7a��7#ل�?'Fl: �Fb�>1>�y7!>��<-@u:�7+$.((� �

ªskfmfslv sj… pJb stfjslv dbsq bfmfp isV, kJb sn spb nQs[i jsv. jfvB kfslv mfsU lchGt, znc²¿ W hxÝ stfj Kfsj. zfv pJb sj… ˆjfjD bfmfp isV, kJb sn ƒ¤Yfmk lDOGgjvsk ifsv.« (hcJfvD 703, mcndtm 1074bQ)

jhsv tfw vfJfv nmq hVsj iafLfbA slWqfv dhLfb vsqsY wvDqsk. ufshv � hstb, bhD � …ùslv wrDlosBv lc'ubsj ˆjde jhsv ˆjÛ j'sv dusÎn jvdYstb, ªˆslv msLA jcvzfb drIXp jfv shwD zfsY?« nckvfQ lc'usbv sjfb ˆjusbv dlsj ƒwfvf jvf rst iaKsm kf]sj hotD jhsv vfJdYstb. (hcJfvD 1343, 1347bQ)

ydvÛhfb bhDb-bhDbfslv …dyk, iahDB-iahDBfslv lDOG uDhsbv bfbf zdHÎkf sKsj …islw sbWqf W …ijxk rWqf ˆhQ kfslv ubA lczf jvf. spsrkc kfvf spmb waÝfv ifÛ, skmdb lczf ifWqfv spfoA. �

sYfeslv nfsK nlfyvB sYfeslv nfsK nlfyvB jvf n¤ydvÛkfv zbAkm t[B. sYfe hst kc¤Y bf

jvf ˆhQ hV hst sYfeslv nfsK sYstdm W vdnjkf jvf swfHbDq bq LfvBf jvf ndEj bq.

zfmvf nhfv sysq swaô, nhfv snvf W nhfv hV mfbcsNv dbje sKsj ˆ hAfifsv dw[f dbsk ifdv. spsrkc dkdb dYstb zflwG dikf, zflwG lflf ˆhQ sYfehV njstv dw[fÈv¢.

mrfbhD � sYfeslv iadk snrflv jvskb. sYfeslv lcócdmsk djYc msb jvskb bf, sjfb iajfv dhvdÙÁ hf zn§Âdó iajfw jvskb bf. …s©m Jfstl dhs§À Jfstl hstb, ˆjlf zfêfv nfsK zfdm zfïfrv vnCt �-ˆv dbje ˆtfm. zfmfv ofsq rtcl ufmf dYt. kf slsJ dkdb zfmfsj (rfhwD HfNfq) htstb, `nfbfr-nfbfr' (nc¦lv-nc¦lv). zk}iv zfdm k]fv disEv Wisv bhczskv smfrv dbsq sJtsk sotfm. kf slsJ zfmfv zfêf zfmfsj Lmj dlstb. dj§Â dkdb htstb, `sYsV lfW Wsj.' (hcJfvD 3071bQ)

…s©m j¶fƒn dhs§À dmrn¶fb dbu lcsLv hf¤yfsj dbsq zfïfrv vnCt �-ˆv jfsY ˆstb. sn kJb mfsqv lcL YfVf zbA Jfhfv sJsk swsJdb. vnCt � kfsj dbsuv sjfst hnfstb. iv[sBƒ sn k]fv sjfst sinfh j'sv dlt.


dkdb ifdb zfdbsq kfv …iv dYdesq dlstb ˆhQ jfiV Lcstb bf. (hcJfvD 223, mcndtm 693bQ)

mrfbhD � dwðslv nfsK rfnA-vdnjkf jvskb. jJsbf jJsbf mcsJ ifdb dbsq hf¤yfv mcsJ jcdï j'sv dlskb. mfrmCl dhb vfhD hstb, `vfnCtcïfr � zfmfslv hfdVv hftdk sKsj ifdb mcsJ dbsq zfmfv syrfvfv …iq ˆjhfv jcdï j'sv dlsqdYstb, zfdm kf msb svsJdY. kJb zfmfv hqn dYt i]fy hYv.' (hcJfvD 77, mcndtm 1530bQ)�

zfhc …mfƒv bfmj ˆj dwwcv sJtbf ifJD (bcofƒv) mfvf sost sn lc}dJk rq. kf slsJ dkdb kfsj sJfw jvfv ubA mõvf jsv htstb,

�»�7"F$��< 7�:��7#�7�7�Fb�:�< 7r_!א�«�.� �`ˆƒ sp zfhC …mfƒv! jD jsvsY bcofƒv?« (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 4884bQ) Jfslm zfbfnsj dkdb jJsbf jJsbf vdnjkf j'sv Ffjskb, ªWsr lc'

jfb-Wqftf!« (zfrmfl 12164, zfhC lf†l 5004, dkvdmpD 1992bQ) mrfbhD � dwðslv zfsho-zbcHCdkv iadk Èv¢k¶ dlskb. sjfbHfsh pfsk

dwðv mb sHsÌ bf pfq, kfv mb spb hAdKk hf iahdÑk bf rq, kfv sJqft vfJskb.

zfècïfr dhb zfsmv � hstb, `vnCtcïfr � ˆjlf zfmfslv hfdVsk ˆstb. zfdm kJb dwwc dYtfm. ˆmkfh²¿fq zfdm sJtfv ubA hfdVv hfƒsv shv rsk pfd¤Ytfm. kf slsJ zfmfv mf zfmfv …sÜswA htstb, `zfècïfr! (hfƒsv spW bf, zfmfv dbje) ˆn, skfmfsj ˆjde muf slh. ˆjKf wcsb bhD � htstb, ªkcdm Wsj dj slsh ƒ¤Yf jsvY?' mf htstb, `sJucv.' kJb vnCt � htstb,

�»�7#F$�>}8�9)�<'F��<-F��>1 >l<�:/��~< 7a�<;7�>@u�>}< F�7��mM7"<X>u«�.� �ªsusb vfJ, pdl kcdm Wsj djYc bf lfW, kfrst skfmfv …iv ˆjde dmKAf

dtJf rsh.« (zfhC lf†l 4993, dntdntfr nrDrfr 748bQ) mrfbhD � sYfeslvsj dw[f dlskb. dwð sjfb Hct j'sv hnst F]fe-Lmj

bf j'sv nQswfLb j'sv dlskb. ƒhsb zfêfn � hstb, zfdm ˆjlf (nWqfvDv …iv) vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv

diYsb (hsn) dYtfm. dkdb htstb, ªWsr djswfv! zfdm skfmfsj jsqjde (Èv¢k¶iCBG jKf dw[f slh (kcdm snÈstf n¹vB svsJf). kcdm zfïfrv (dhLfbnmCsrv) v[Bfsh[B jv (kfrst) zfïfrW skfmfv v[Bfsh[B jvshb.-----.« (dkvdmpD 2516bQ)


…mfv ƒhsb zfhD nftfmfr � rsk hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfdm hftAjfst bhD �-ˆv kÙ¶fhLfsb dYtfm. ˆjlf Jfhfv ifsÛ zfmfv rfk YcefYcde jvdYt. bhD � zfmfsj htstb,

�))�F} >�7&��8�>#�<�@u7و�،�F}>! >�7 >"�<�@u7و�،��F��7�7/�F��)).&F�@|��7م:�،��7-?�א �ªWsr djswfv! `dhndmïfr' hst Ffb rfsk JfW ˆhQ skfmfv nfmsb ˆj

kvI sKsj JfW.« (hcJfvD 5376, mcndtm 5388bQ) dw[flfsbv …sÜswAƒ sYfeslvsj dbu mudtsn hnsk ncspfo dlskb. ƒhsb

zfêfn, ƒhsb …mfv iamcJ sYfe sYfe nfrfhDoB k]fv mudtsn hsn dw[f oarB jvskb.

zfècïfr dhb …mfv � hstb, ˆjlf vfnCtcïfr � htstb, �.�»�72Fb��7#�7�>f?�:'�<��א��:�>�<-�9#7=�7:�و7(7.8�9��و7�7�7S7a�Fe�@�@R<�7&��7.@d7��א��9�7S8#<%�7(9ن8«� �

ªhx[nmCsrv msLA ˆjde hx[ zfsY, pfv ifkf Usv bf. snef rt mcndtsmv …imf. skfmvf zfmfsj ht skf, jD snef?«

nckvfQ stfsjvf mv¢ zÑstv hx[nmCsrv jKf Hfhsk tfot. zfv zfmfv msb …lq rt, snef rt sJucv ofY. dj§Â djswfv rWqfq kf htsk zfdm tÏf jvtfm. zk}iv njst htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb htcb, snef jD ofY?' dkdb htstb, ªsnef rt sJucv ofY.«

zk}iv zfdm zfmfv zfêfv jfsY zfmfv msb …Ùv …lq rWqf ˆhQ zfmfv tÏfq htsk bf ifvf jKf ufbfst dkdb zfmfsj htstb, `kcdm pdl …Ùvef htsk, kfrst kf zfmfv dbje zmcj zmcj (n©il) zsi[f swaô rskf.' (hcJfvD 131, mcndtm 7276bQ)�

vfnCtcïfr � sYfeslv wvqD zdLjfv v[f jvskb. sYfe hst zbDrf jvskb bf.

nfrXt ƒhsb nf'l � hstb, ˆjlf vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv nfmsb wvhk idvshwb jvf rt. dkdb kf sKsj ifb jvstb. zfv kf]v Ffb dlsj dYt ˆjde hftj. zfv hfm dlsj dYt jsqjub hsqfsuAô hAdÙÁ. kJb bhD � hftjdesj htstb, ªkcdm dj zfmfsj zbcmdk slsh, zfdm ‰ hqõ stfjÈdtsj zfso ifb jvsk dlƒ?« hftjde htt, `zfïfrv jnm! zfibfv jfY sKsj zfmfv Hfso zfnf dudbsnv s[sÛ zfdm jf…sj zfmfv …iv zoafdLjfv slh bf.' hBGbfjfvD hstb, `bhD � kJb siqftfde kfv rfsk kcst dlstb.' (hcJfvD 2605, mcndtm 5412bQ)

t[BDq sp, mrfbhD � lcsef dlj sJqft jvstb, hVslv zoafdLjfv lfb


ˆhQ sYfe rstW Ffb dlsjv mfbcNsj zoafdLjfv lfb. ˆƒ ubA Ffb dlsj zfsY hstƒ dkdb hftjdev jfsY hVslvsj zoafdLjfv slWqfv hAfifsv zbcmdk yfƒstb? zfïfù zfjhfv! hftsjv jfsY zbcmdk yfƒstb! zk}iv hftj zbcmdk bf dlst dkdb kfsj H{GnbfW jvstb bf. hvQ dkdb kfv wvqD zdLjfv zflfq j'sv dlstb.

mrfbhD � dwðslv Hfstf bfm vfJsk …äcÝ jvskb ˆhQ m¦l bfm idvhkGb j'sv dlskb. kfslv lcLifsbv zdLjfv sJqft vfJskb. pfsk dwð nc¦lv ƒntfmD idvshsw mfbcN rsk ifsv, kfv dhswN sJqft vfJskb; dhswN j'sv dikf-mfkfv mfsU dhd¤Yâkf Oest.

iaskAj dikfmfkfvƒ …dyk, dwðslv zdLjfv zflfq jvf ˆhQ kfslv HvB-sifNB W dw[fv zdLjfv sKsj hdÑk bf jvf, kfslvsj sjfb jfsu tfdosq dw[f sKsj hdÑk jvf, kfslv iadk zhsrtf j'sv sbfQvf hf zivfsLv isK kfslvsj sEst bf slWqf, kfslvsj dhdÛÁ hf kfslv dbsq hAhnf W zsKGfifuGb bf jvf.

mcrf©mflD dhLfsb vsqsY dwðslv mDvfn W zdnqskv zdLjfv. dhswN j'sv zbfK W jbAf dwðslv hAfifsv vsqsY dhswN dbslGw W kfv mfrfk¹A.

dkdb zbfsKv kÙ¶fhLfqsbv hAfifsv hstsYb, �))�>M8!F��9%א�< 7/�7.Fu�7':f77��و�F$�>�9�< 7r>��<وF$�:1F��-> `7 �)).�b�Fu:�א� �

ªdbsuv zKhf zisvv zbfK (ˆkDsmv) kÙ¶fhLfqj; zfdm ˆhQ sn ufâfsk ˆ lc'dev mk (ifwfifdw) hfn jvh.«

hBGbfjfvD mfstj dhb zfbfn kuGbD W mLAmf zfÌcstv dlsj ƒdÌk jvstb. (mcndtm 7660bQ)

dkdb dwðjbA iftsbv iadk …äcÝ j'sv hstsYb, �))�9%< 7/�7.Fu�7':f77��و�$�>M7#�7 >R�7&7'>م�7א��7�x��7r@�<�7/��87+�%< 77&9��7x�7؟))#7%>��7�ل� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ lc'de jbAfv tftb-iftb kfslv nfhfdtjf rWqf zhdL jvsh, djqfmskv dlb zfdm ˆhQ sn ˆ lc'de zfÌcstv mk ifwfifdw zfnh.«

zk}iv dkdb kf]v zfÌctÈdt dmdtk j'sv (sldJsqsYb). (mcndtm 6864bQ)

mrfbhD � n§Àfbslv mfsU ƒbnfI jvsk dbslGw dlsqsYb. bc'mfb ƒhsb hfwDv � sKsj hdBGk, k]fv dikf k]fsj dbsq vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv

lvhfsv rfduv rsq htstb, `zfdm zfmfv ˆƒ sYstsj ˆjde softfm lfb jsvdY. (dj§Â ˆv mf zfibfsj nf[D vfJsk hst.)' bhD � duÎfnf jvstb,


ªskfmfv nh sYstsjƒ dj kcdm ˆv™i lfb jsvY?« dkdb htstb, `bf.' bhD � htstb, ªkfrst kcdm kf sIv{ bfW.«

zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªskfmfv nh sYstv nsÌƒ ˆv™i hAhrfv sldJsqY?« dkdb htstb, `bf.' vfnCtcïfr � htstb,

�))<-@u>دFe<وF$�p>bو7א�>�<�@'א��)).א</R8@'א�א �ªskfmvf zfïfrsj Hq jv ˆhQ skfmfslv n§Àfbslv mfsU ƒbnfI iadkôf

jv.« nckvfQ zfmfv dikf dIsv ˆstb ˆhQ ‰ nfljfr (lfb) dIdvsq dbstb. zfv ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, zfïfrv vnCt � htstb, ªsr hfwDv! skfmfv dj ˆ

YfVf zbA n§Àfb zfsY?« dkdb htstb, ùD r]Af.' (vnCt �) htstb, ªkfslv njtsj dj ˆv mk lfb dlsqY?« dkdb htstb, ùD bf.' (vnCt �) htstb, ªkfrst ˆ hAfifsv zfmfsj nf[D smsbf bf. jfvB zfdm zbAfq jfsu nf[A slh bf.«

zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªzfmfsj zbAfq jfsu nf[D smsbf bf.« zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªˆ hAfifsv kcdm zfmfsj YfVf zbA jf…sj nf[D

mfsbf.« zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªkcdm dj ˆ jKfq JcwD rsh sp, kfvf skfmfv snhfq nmfb srfj?« hfwDv htstb, ùD zhwAƒ.' dkdb htstb, ªkfrst ˆv™i jsvf bf.« (hcJfvD 2650, mcndtm 4262-4274bQ)

ˆmbdj zflv-pk jvfv hAfifsvW sYst-smsqslv mfsU ƒbnfI jvsk rsh. zfbfn � hstb, ˆj hAdÙÁ bhD �-ˆv jfsY hsn dYt. ƒdkmsLA kfv ˆj sYst ˆst kfsj ycìb dlsq dbu sjfst hnft. zk}iv kfv ˆj smsq ˆst kfsj Lsv kfv nfmsb hf ifsw hnft. kf slsJ bhD � htstb, ªkcdm Wslv mfsU nmkf hufq vfJst bf sjb?« (dn} nrDrfr 2994, 3098bQ)

� lqft bhD �-ˆv dwðslv iadk lqf mrfbhD � dwðslv iadk lqf ialwGb jvsk dbslGw dlsq hstsYb,

))7T< F��8!>#�<%7#�<-F��<�Nd7':&��7�7¦>�Fu�<-7+<�7&77�7��و¦>r73.((� �ªsn zfmfslv ltHcÙÁ bq, sp zfmfslv hVslsj waÝf jsv bf ˆhQ sYfeslvsj

snr jsv bf.« (zfrmfl 6937bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,

))7T< F��<%>#�p>8#@$�<%7#�<-F��8�>S:&��7�7¦>�Fu�<-7+<�7&77�7��و¦>r73�<��<!7��و9�<�7&7>��1:��<�7KR7+.((� �ªsn hAdÙÁ zfmfv …©mskv ltHcÙÁ bq, sp hAdÙÁ zfmfslv hVslvsj


n©mfb slq bf, sYfeslvsj snr jsv bf ˆhQ zfstsmv zdLjfv sysb bf.« (zfrmfl 22755, k¶fhfvfbD, rfsjm, nrDr kfvoDh 95 bQ)

zfhC mfn†l hflvD � hstb, ˆj hAdÙÁ bhD �-ˆv dbje ˆsn htt, `zmcj hAdÙÁ tìf bfmfp iVfq, kfv ubA zfdm Iusvv bfmfp sKsj diYsb Kfdj.' zk}iv zfdm bhD �-sj sjfb HfNsB sndlbjfv sKsj shwD vfofdb¶k rsk sldJdb. dkdb htstb,

�))��7¦>��FC7א�<1<�א�� :'v>x>�؛�Fb,ن�8#<%>�و7Fb�7م�8א�!8�س$�<-@C_&AFb�،�7%&9�Ny7!:#�<-@C<!>#�87��א�!8�س:�،�(ن._&F$��7&�>M7x�F��7و7ذ7א�א¦>r8و7א��.((� �

ªsr stfj njt! skfmfslv msLA djYc stfj stfjslv msLA OxBf nxdó jvsY. nckvfQ skfmfslv msLA sp sj… stfjslv ƒmfmdk jvsh, sn spb nQs[si bfmfp iVfq. jfvB kfv diYsb hxÝ, dwð ˆhQ ˆmbW stfj vsqsY pfv sjfb iasqfub zfsY.« (hcJfvD 702, mcndtm 1072bQ)

lqfv bhD � hstsYb, ))p?�9)�:م'@dFAF��p>b�>��F�89&�:�א��@$�F$<ل�7ن?'Fh@$��7. >b��:]7��<�FAFb��7��FC:"��?p>�87'8ز:��א��S7/FA�Fb��p�>b��p>/�F��73�FM7 >f7א�Fu�<نF$�8k:aF$��F�7��>1?#@$.((� �

ªzfdm bfmfp iVsk lf]Vfƒ ˆhQ zfmfv ƒ¤Yf rq kf lDOG jdv. zk}iv zfdm dwðv jfâfv zfWqfu ðdb. Ist zfdm kfv mfsqv jó rWqfef ziY¦l msb j'sv bfmfp nQd[å jdv.« (hcJfvD 707bQ)

wfÜfl � hstb,�ˆjlf spfrv zKhf zfnsvv bfmfp iVfv�…sÜswA dkdb zfmfslv mfsU shv rstb. k]fv sjfst dYt rfnfb zKhf�ùnfƒb. dkdb nfmsb dosq kfsj dbsuv Ffb ifsqv jfsY vfJstb. zk}iv dkdb kjhDv dlsq bfmfp wcv¢ jvstb. bfmfp iVsk iVsk dkdb ˆjde dnulfr (zöfHfdhj) tìf jvstb. (hAfifv bf hcsU) zfdm stfsjv mfsU mfKf kcst sIttfm. slJtfm, dkdb dnulfr zh²¿fq zfsYb, zfv k]fv disE dwwcde ysV hsn zfsY! zk}iv icbvfq zfdm dnulfq dIsv sotfm. zfïfrv vnCt � bfmfp swN jvst stfsjvf k]fsj htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb bfmfp iVsk iVsk ˆjde dnulfr (zdLj) tìf jvstb.�ˆv Ist zfmvf LfvBf jvtfm sp, djYc rqskf Oet zKhf zfibfv�…iv WrD zhkDBG rs¤Y.' dkdb htstb,

))�u�}>�7�³ذ�%C&�،�%>CF�7و�È<"א�È�¼�<F$�1�S�$��87+�pن�f9�CFb;�א R&�1`x�7+.((� �ªˆ nshv sjfbefƒ bq. zfnst (hAfifv rt), zfmfv shef (bfdk) zfmfsj

nWqfvD hfdbsq dbsqdYt. kfƒ kfv mb Hsv bf slWqf ipG§À (…Efv ubA)


kfVfkfdV jvfefsj zfdm ziY¦l jvtfm.« (zfrmfl 16129, bfnf„ 1141, ƒhsb zfnfdjv, rfsjm 4775, 6631bQ)

zfècïfr dhb mfn†l � hstb, vfnCtcïfr � bfmfp iVskb, zfv dnulfr zh²¿fq rfnfb W�ùnfƒb k]fv disE ysV hnk. stfsjvf kfslvsj ˆmb jvsk mfbf jvst dkdb ƒwfvfq htskb, ªWslvsj (dbsuv zh²¿fq) sYsV lfW.«�zk}iv bfmfp swN jvst kfslv …Hqsj sjfst hdnsq htskb,

))%#�È�+$��2 �b�%&Xf.((� �ªsp hAdÙÁ�zfmfsj Hfstfhfsn, sn spb�ˆslvsj Hfstfhfsn.« (ƒhsb Jcpfƒmf

887bQ, hfƒrfj¶D 3237bQ) mrfbhD � ƒmfmdk jvskb, zfv k]fv bfkbD zfhct zfsnv dwwcjbAf k]fv

j]fsL Kfjk. zk}iv pJb dkdb v¢jC jvskb, kJb kfsj dbsy bfdmsq dlskb. icbvfq pJb dnulfr sKsj …Eskb, kJb zfhfv j]fsL kcst dbskb. (hcJfvD, mcndtm dmwjfk 984 bQ)

ˆjlf mrfbhD � Jckhf dld¤Ystb. ˆmb nmq rfnfb W ùnfƒb � isV-…sE k]fv nfmsb zfnsk tfost dkdb dmìv sKsj dbsy sbsm k]fslvsj …isv kcst dbstb. zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªzfïfr kfzftf nkAƒ hstsYb,

)mM7!<>b�<-@u:دFe<وF$7و�<-@C@7א�'<#F$��7�8�)( (zKGf{, skfmfslv Lb-n©il W n§Àfb-n§Àdk skfmfslv ubA dIkbfƒ

skf.) zfdm ˆslvsj isV-…sE yst zfnsk slsJ SLpG vfJsk ifvtfm bf. hvQ Jckhf há jsv ˆslvsj kcst dbtfm.« (zfrmfl, ncbfsb zfvhfzfr)

zfhC ùvfƒvfrX � hstb, bhD � rfnfb ƒhsb zftD �-sj ycmc dlstb. ‰ nmq kf]v dbje zfj¶vf' dhb rfshn hsndYstb. zfj¶vf' htstb, `zfmfv lwde sYst zfsY, zfdm kfslv jf…sjƒ sjfbdlb ycmc dlƒdb.' bhD � k]fv dlsj kfdjsq htstb,

))<-7+<�:&�Fe�<-7+<�7&�e�<%7#.((� �ªsp lqf jsv bf, kfv iadk lqf jvf rq bf.« (hcJfvD 5997, mcndtm 6170bQ) zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbXrf) hstb, ˆj dmnjDb mdrtf kfv lc'de jbAfsj

(sjfst) hrb j'sv zfmfv jfsY ˆt. zfdm kfsj dkbde Jcvmf dltfm. zk}iv sn kfv jbAf lc'desj ˆjde ˆjde j'sv Jcvmf dlt ˆhQ sn dbsu Jfhfv ubA ˆjde Jcvmf mcJ-ipG§À kctt. dj§Â kfv jbAf lc'de sndeW sJsk yfƒt. nckvfQ mdrtfde sp sJucvde dbsu sJsk ƒ¤Yf jsvdYt, sndesj lc'Hfso Hfo j'sv kfslv msLA h¦eb j'sv dlt. nckvfQ kfv (ˆ) zh²¿f zfmfsj mcÊ


jvt. kfƒ zfdm vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv dbje mdrtfdev Oebf hBGbf jvtfm. bhD � htstb,

�))>#��7.>"��7.FR7�$�<وF$�،�FM8!F7��"<.7��א�.F��7�7x<و$�<�Fd��)).�7%א�!8��9(ن�8א �ªdbÇyq zfïfr kfzftf kfv ubA kfv ˆ jfsuv dhdbmsq ufâfk Wqfsuh

j'sv dlsqsYb zKhf kfsj ufrfâfm sKsj mcÙÁ j'sv dlsqsYb.« (mcndtm 6863bQ)

dwðvf sJtf jvsk iY¦l jsv, nckvfQ kfslvsj ˆjec sJtfv ncspfo slWqf iasqfub. mrfbhD � zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)sj sYfe zh²¿fq sJtf jvfv ncspfo dlsqsYb ˆhQ mndusl hwGf-sJtf slJfvW ncspfo dlsqsYb.

zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) pJb sYfe dYstb, kJb jfisVv ³kdv ickct dbsq sJtf jvskb. kfv msLA ˆjde sOfVf dYt, pfv lc'de Ffbf dYt. ˆjlf bhD � kf slsJ htstb, `êf jD?' zfsqwf htstb, `sOfVf.' dkdb htstb,

�7�نF$�7ن7��8�<�>;7x«��.<;F��Fd��7#F$�7!7�+7�ن7�Fb�:1F��9س\«�< F�:�>��< 7G��7.F��mM�72>!<xF$��<;�F��Fd��F}>27 �Fb��87+�:;<&F$7��:�7X>x7'7א�.� �

`sOfVfv zfhfv lc'de Ffbf?' zfsqwf htstb, `zfidb dj ðsbbdb, nctfƒmfb (bhD)v Ffbf-Wqftf sOfVf dYt?' ˆ jKf ðsb bhD � rfnstb ˆhQ sn rfdnsk k]fv syfqfstv l]fk slJf sot. (zfhc lf†l 4934bQ, dmwjfk 2/241)

htf hfùtA, zfidb Jch oýDv hf …¤y mpGflfn©iâ mfbcN rstW dwðslv msb zfb¦l slWqfv ubA jJsbf jJsbf kfslv nfsK dwðnctH zfyvB jvshb. êfW nmsq ˆj iajfv nlfyvB.

hfjD Kfjt, icv¢N rsh sYstv zflwG ˆhQ mdrtf rsh smsqv zflwG. kfslvsj ndEj dw[f W kvdhqk lfb j'sv ndEj mfbcNv™si osV skftf njstv jkGhA. zfv msb vfJf lvjfv sp,

`HdhNAskv t[ zfwf smfslv mfsU n§Àsv, Ocdmsq zfsY dwðv dikf nh dwðvƒ z§Àsv.'


ldvû W lchGtslv nfsK nlfyvB

zfidb pdl LbD W nht hAdÙÁ rb, kfrst dbÇyq ovDh W lchGt mfbcNslv nfsK zfyvsBv iÝdk dwJsk rsh. kfslv zdLjfsvv hAfifsv nsykb W nkjG rsk rsh. bsy{ ˆmb spb bf rq sp, zfidb kfslv rj bó jvsYb zKhf kfslv iadk pctcm jvsYb. zfv kfv Ist kfslv hÜczf W zdHwfi dbs¤Yb, pfslv lczf W zfïfrv mfsU sjfb z§Àvft sbƒ. zKhf djqfmskv mqlfsb zfibfv zájfv hxdÝ ifs¤Y.

mrfb zfïfr ldvû W lchGtslv iadk näAhrfsvv dbslGw dlsq hstsYb, 7 >~��"<u9�<�:/�>1@'א�و�Fe7א��71و7א�>�:�:وא{a�9%<&7�>9+>�7��و7"<��'7א�)��>X>"7�7א��و"<�@R��7#�77 �و7א��u�7�7<��9و7א�9��7S��7ذ<��و7א"<�@R��9א��7S�و7א�>�:!:S�و7א��8�+<�<�א�>�!F��>"�9%<"�9و7א� �FCF�7#�<-@C:��7;>�و7#7��א��8<<&F$�89ن)��א�#:�>Fu�e�7�ن�Fe�_�>2:&�%7#�7א��71':�Fb{)�٣٦�(��א�!��' �

ªskfmvf zfïfrv …ifnbf jv W sjfb djYcsj kf]v zQwD jsvf bf ˆhQ dikf-mfkf, zfk¹Dq-öub, dikxrDb, zHfhoa²À, zfk¹Dq W zbfk¹Dq iadkshwD, nÌD-nfKD, iKyfvD ˆhQ skfmfslv zdLjfvHcÙÁ lfn-lfnDslv iadk näAhrfv jv. dbÇyq zfïfr zfk¹©HvD lfd©Hjsj Hfthfsnb bf.« (dbnf } 36)�

dkdb ldvû W lchGtslv zdLjfv zflfq j'sv slWqfv kfjDl dlsq hstsYb, }>W47��7ذ7א�و"<�@R�1:�אKR7+�7�>C<�>��>�و�Fe7א��8< ��9و7א">%�7و7א�?X7�:/א��&>X<�7/{)�٢٦�(��א]��א��' �

ªkcdm ‚k¹Dq-öubsj kfv iafiA ialfb jv ˆhQ zHfhoa²À W mcnfdIvsjW. zfv djYcskƒ zihAq jsvf bf.« (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 26)

}>W�Fb��7ذ7א�"<�@R�1:�אKR7+�7�>C<�>�7 >��\��ذ��F}�>�7א��8< ��9و7א">�%��7و7א�G��7%&>X�K�N��7��71&:�9&��:ون�<x71<��و�Kא��F}>~F�<و7$@و�:-:f�72:'ن>�y:��א��وم��'��)��٣٨(}א� �

ªzkˆh zfk¹Dq-öubsj, zHfhoa²À ˆhQ mcnfdIvsj kfslv iafiA lfb jv. ˆ pfvf zfïfrv mcJmàt (lwGb hf n§Àcdó) jfmbf jsv, kfslv ubA swaq ˆhQ kfvfƒ nItjfm.« (v™m } 38)

pfvf rjlfv, kfvf skf rj ifshƒ. Wqfsvnvf zfibfv mDvfn zhwAƒ ifsh. zfibfv h¦eb j'sv mvfv sjfb iasqfub sbƒ ˆhQ sjfb Wqfsvsnv ubA n©idÙ …ƒt jvfW ³hL bq. zfibfv iasqfub rt kfslv ubA …ƒt jvf, pfvf zfibfv mDvfn tfsH hdÑk rsh. pfvf zfk¹Dq zKy zfibfv Wqfsvn rsk ifvsh bf. zdk Èv¢k¶iCBG ˆƒ ³bdkj jkGshAv …iv kfjDl jvf rsqsY zft-j¶cvzfsb. zfv kf rt, nfrfspAv zdLjfvD zfk¹Dq-öubslv msLA pfvf


mDvfsnv zQwDlfv bq, kfslvsjW h¦esbv nmq djYc dlsq dlsqf. zfv kfslv nfsK jKf hstf snr W HfthfnfudVk jsØ. Lb-n©il zfnsk slsJ j¶fv¢b W dIvf…b rsq spsqf bf.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, �7�7و7(9ذ7א{ 7+�FM7�<�>R��7$@و>�@'א�א"<�@R�77��7#א �>ز:f'@d:-��و7א��u�7�7<�:�و7א��Fb��:1�<!?#��א'�@�'@d7و��<-�:.F��e<'�Fd��b�٨(}�#�8>�:و(��א�!��' �

ªn©idÙ h¦ebjfst zfk¹Dq-öub, dikxrDb ˆhQ zHfhoa²À stfj …id²¿k Kfjst, kfslvsj kf rsk djYc lfb jv ˆhQ kfslv nfsK nlftfi jv.« (dbnf } 8)�

r]Af, dlsk bf ifvst dmEf jKf htsk rsh. bsy{ jec jKf hst kfslv msb zfOfk slWqf pfsh bf. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

��M7א"><�7r��7s9�<�:/�:-:.<!7%�8#8�و7(9{<+7��%?#�F}?"8��7f':x<�7/��@RFb�<-:.K��e<'Fdא��':�< 8#{)�٢٨�(� �ªkcdm dbsuƒ pJb skfmfv iadkiftsjv dbje rsk sjfb iakAfdwk jv¢Bf

tfsHv náfsb Kfsjf, kJb kfslvsj pdl dhmcJƒ jv, kfrst kfslv nfsK bmaHfsh jKf hstf.« (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 28)

zfdKGj nfmKGA bf Kfjfv jfvsB---pf lCvDHCk rWqfv ˆhQ v¢pDv ianfvkfv kcdm skfmfv iadkiftsjv jfsY zfwf vfJ---pdl skfmfsj ovDh zfk¹Dq-öub, dmnjDb ˆhQ zHfhD hAdÙÁslv sKsj mcJ dIdvsq dbsk rq zKGf{, (djYc dlsk bf ifvfv) Wuv siw jvsk rq, ksh kfW bvm W …Ùm i§¿fq siw jvsh. zKGf{, (dlsk ifvh bf ˆ) …ÙvW spb slWqf rq mmkf W HfthfnfiCBG HdÌmfq. jjGw HfNfq W zHlakfv nfsK bq; pf nfLfvBk} LbDvf dH[cj W zHfhD mfbcNslv nfsK j'sv Kfsj.

zfv jsEfv rsq Lmj dlsk dbsNL j'sv mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }�8#FAFb�7- >7 �א�^��2'��)�F�Fb�<�7.<!7/{)�١٠��א��8��<��7و�٩�(�8#F$7(/F�Fb�<�7.R7��א� �

ªzkˆh kcdm dikxrDsbv iadk jsEfv rsqf bf ˆhQ dH[cjsj Lmj dlsqf bf.« (p¶crf } 9-10)

dH[cj rfk ifkst sjmb zfyvB zfibfv? bvm jKf, bfdj ovm jKf hstb? sp sisev [cLfv u¶ftfsk zfibfv hfnfq dosq u¶ftfkb jsv, kfv nfsK zfibfv hAhrfv jD rWqf …dyk?

zfv pfvf zisvv sie Hvfhfv ubA rfk ifsk, pfvf äDb hf äDbD ƒtXm h]fyfsbfv ubA rfk ifsk, kfslv nfsK zfibfv zfyvB sjmb?

kfslv nfsK dEj skmbƒ zfyvB jsvb dj, spmb zfyvB jsvb pfvf ifdeGv


ubA y]flf dbsk zfsn, kfslv nfsK? sjmb mcndtm zfidb? sjmb ydvÛ zfibfv? zfidb sieicsv Jfb, zfv

zfibfv ifsw sjfb stfj zbfrfsv Kfsj? zfidb dj mc'dmb? mrfbhD � hstsYb,


Kfsj.« (hcJfvDv zflfh 112, k¶fhfvfbD 12573, rfsjm, hfƒrfjD 20160, nrDùt ufsm 5382bQ) mc'dmbslv ÈB hBGbfq zfsY, kfvf [cLfKGsj zâlfb jsv. (slJcb } lfrXv } 8)

zfv ivjfst zdhw¶fnD zmc'dmbslv ubA htf rsqsY, kfvf [cLfKGsj zâlfsb zbciafdBk rq bf. (slJcb } rf-Ä¶fr } 34, mcÜfNXdNv } 44, IfuXv 18, mf†b } 3)

zfv pfvf tÏf sEst zfibfv jfsY rfk sisk djYc yfq, dj§Â zfibfv slWqfv mskf djYc bf Kfsj, kfrst jD jvshb?

…s©m hcufƒl (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, ˆjlf zfdm zfïfrv vnCt �-sj httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zsbj nmq dmnjDb zfmfv lvufq l]fVfq, dj§Â zfdm kfsj slWqfv mskf sjfb dudbn ifƒ bf.' mrfbhD � htstb,

7 >~��F��i>�>S7/�:1F->�(9ن>«�a�:17! >l<�:/�:��8&9)�Ke9)��y�>¬��d7�<2:#�>1 >�Fb<د�Fb�>1< F�9)��>b�>�>�7&«�.� �ªpdl ˆjde sifVf Jcv YfVf slWqfv mk zfv djYc bf ifW, kfrst kfv

rfsk kfƒ dlsqƒ dhlfq lfW.« (zfhC lf†l 1669bQ, dkvdmpD 665bQ) ovDh W lchGtslvsj vfofd¦hk jvshb bf. jfvB kfvf zfïfrv jfsY diaq

rst k]fsjƒ vfofd¦hk jvf rsh. zfƒp ƒhsb zfmXv mcpfbD � hstb, (ùlfƒdhqfv ndá W hfqzfskv iv)

zfhC ncdIqfb (jfsIv zh²¿fq) nftmfb, ncrfƒh W dhtfstv dbje ˆt. snJfsb zfsvf djYc nfrfhf …id²¿k dYstb. k]fvf (zfhC ncdIqfsbv iadk ƒdÌk j'sv) htstb, `zfïfrv kvhfdvÈstf zfïfrv wÛ¢v rj zflfq jsvdb.' (ˆ jKf ðsb) zfhC hfjXv � htstb, `skfmvf ˆ jKf jcvfƒswv hsqfhxÝ W kfslv sbkfv n©isjG htY?' zk}iv zfhC hfjXv � bhD �-ˆv dbje ˆstb ˆhQ (ˆv) nQhfl dlstb. bhD � htstb,

�))�7&��7"F$��C7"�،�F}K��F��<-:.7�7 F��7;<!@u�<-:.7<�7~<%>�؟�$| |$�<�FRF��7;�7 |$�F}8"7�.((�� ªsr zfhc hfjXv! nýhk} kcdm kfslvsj (zKGf{ nftmfb, ncrfƒh W

shtftsj) zn§Âó jsvY. kcdm pdl kfslvsj zn§Âó jsvY, kfrst kcdm zfnst skfmfv iadkiftjsj zn§Âó jsvY.« nckvfQ zfhC hfjXv k]fslv dbje ˆsn htstb, `Hfƒsqvf! zfdm dj skfmfslvsj zn§Âó jsvdY?' k]fvf htstb,


`bf. zfïfr zfibfsj [mf jv¢j Hfƒufb!' (mcndtm 6568bQ) zfidb ydvÛhfb. r]Af, zfidbƒ ifsvb lchGtslv iadk nlfyvB jvsk.

zfidbƒ ifsvb shlbfrskv shlbf lCvDHCk jvsk. zfidb bf ifvst zfv sj ifvsh? zfidb bf jvst zfv sj jvsh?

`pdl kcdm Wsr LDv lc}dJskv zwa¢bDv dbu jsv bf jv smfyb,

kh zwa¢ dbvdJqf lcJD rsh jfv drqf sj kfrf jdvsh dbhfvB?'

zfv kfsk ifshb zuna nWqfh. vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb, �))��>��7 ��9א��>��>f�7S@��Fu�،�9�>C<��>و7א��>M��F�7#<�Fא��F�7��p>��8ل�7.))א��Fd�:1:�7��+$7و��:))�:�>ly:&�Fe��>XK8��<-�9א��Fu7و�،�:�:y7&�Fe��>XK�9א�->��FR��u7و.((� �

ªdhLhf W dmnjDbslv zHfh lCv jvfq syófvk hAdÙÁ zfïfrv vf²Àfq durfljfvDv nmkctA.« (rflDsnv hBGbfjfvD hstb,) zfdm LfvBf jvdY sp, dkdb ˆ jKfW htstb, ªsn ‰ bIt bfmfp zflfqjfvDv mk sp j½f§À rq bf ˆhQ ‰ svfpf iftbjfvDv mk sp svfpf YfsV bf.« (hcJfvD 6007, mcndtm 7659bQ)

lchGtvf kc¤Y bq, kfslvsj srq iadkiâ jvf …dyk bq. lchGt rstW kfslv sp htecjc zfsY, kf dlsqƒ nhtvf uqD rq. lqfv bhD � hstsYb,

�))�<-@C>��Fy7�: 8�7��/:!>��7:ون�7و/:�>زd7@'ن�7،�"<�,Fb�،�7��Fy7�_ �)).א">�p>�':rא� �ªzfmfv ubA skfmvf lchGtslvsj J]csu zfsbf, sjbbf skfmfslv lchGtslv

jfvsBƒ skfmfslvsj nfrfpA jvf rq ˆhQ v¢pD slWqf rq.« (zfhC lf…l 2596bQ)

mrfbhD � dmnjDb rsq h]fysk W mvsk ˆhQ dmnjDbslv nfsKƒ djqfmsk rfwv sysqdYstb. (dkvdmpD 2352, ƒhsb mfufr 4126, dn} nrDrfr 308bQ)

susb vfJcb, zfidb pdl lchGtslv nfrfpA-nrspfdokf bf jsvb, iK W il Kfjf nsÙ¶W kfslv zHfh zdHspfo bf slsJb, bf swfsbb, kfrst zfibfvW zHfh-zdHspfo zfsY, kf swfbf rsh bf. vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb,

�))��،�<->f9��RFb79->�و.>�K�7G77<.9->�وx��7+�7�7�7د:ونS7<+�Fb�،�7�>��9א�@�>�<':#@$�<%>#��~< 7a�@�#7%>�و�Ke7:�א@� M7#�7<�א+>�7�7S7א>R��9<�&7'>م�7א�RFb71<�و>K�7G77<1<�وx�7+�7د:ون�.((� �

ªsp hAdÙÁsj zfïfr mcntdmslv sjfb (vfu) jfspG dbpcÙÁ jvstb, zk}iv sn kfslv zHfh-zdHspfo, iasqfub W zbeb sKsj zlxwA Kfjt, djqfmskv dlb zfïfr sn hAdÙÁv zHfh-zdHspfo, iasqfub W zbeb sKsj


zlxwA Kfjshb.« (kf iCvBgjvshb bf.) (zfhC lf…l 2950, dkvdmpD 1332bQ) zfibfv ifWbf W zdLjfv sisk yfb ˆhQ kfv ubA zfibfv ht W il

iasqfo j'sv lchGtslvsj dbd®ió jvsk yfb? kf jvshb bf. jfvB kf ydvÛhfbslv vDdk bq. spsrkc bhhD dbslGw rt,

))<%7#�7�F�Fh��R7+�:1<�@�l7 �Fb��>b��Fy7�� >�F$�9و>�و7אF|��.))و7א �ªsp hAdÙÁ�dbsuv iafiA rj zflfq jvsk yfƒsh kfv …dyk, sn spb nQpm

W nfLckfv nfsK kf zflfq yfq. kfsk sn kfv rj iCBG zflfq ifj zKhf zflfq bf ifj.« (ƒhsb mfufr 2421, ƒhsb drêfb 5080, rfsjm 2238, nrDùt ufsm' 6384 bQ)

hvQ zfibfv jfsY nfrfpA yfWqf rst lchGtslvsj nfrfpA jv¢b. dbiDdVk mfbcsNv ifsw ˆsn l]fVfb. zfhC …mfvf hfvf' ƒhsb zfsph � rsk hdBGk, dkdb hstb, `vfnCtcïfr � zfmfslvsj nfkde (jmG jvsk) zfslw jsvsYb } (1) svfoD slJsk pfWqf, (2) ufbfpfv zbcnvB jvf, (3) rf]dyv (dY]sjv) uhfh slWqf, (4) lchGtsj nfrfpA jvf, (5) dbpGfdkk hAdÙÁv nfrfpA jvf, (6) nftfm iayfv jvf, ˆhQ (7) wiKjfvDv wiK icvf jvf.' (hcJfvD 2445, mcndtm 5510bQ)

zfibfv sHfu-zbcôfsb ovDhslvsj hfl slshb bf. zfidb zfmDv hst IjDvslvsj zifMXsÙÁq jvshb bf. zsbAvf jvsk ifsv, dj§Â zfidb sp ydvÛhfb.

zfhC ùvfƒvf � htskb, `nhsysq dbjxókm Jfhfv rt snƒ ztDmfv Jfhfv pfv ubA LbDslvsj lfWqfk slWqf rq ˆhQ hfl slWqf rq ovDhslvsj. zfv sp hAdÙÁ lfWqfk oarB jvt bf sn hAdÙÁ zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv bfIvmfbD jvt.' (hcJfvD 5177, mcndtm 1432bQ)

zfv mrfbhD � hstsYb,��»_�7a�97�م�Kl7�م:�א��Fh�>M7� �>!�7:.7��א�'�7<:&�<7��%7#. >/A7&��7�<�:&7�7��و.< F�9)��<%�7#��7f�7"A7&��<%�7#7و��<-�F��>��>S:&�F�7'<�8א��<�FRFb��7�7��71K1:�א��F�':�7��.�»و7 �

ªnhsysq dbjxókm Jfhfv rt snƒ ztDmfv Jfhfv; pfsk kfslvsj zfnsk dbsNL jvf rq (hf lfWqfk slWqf rq bf), pfvf kf sJsk yfq ˆhQ pfv iadk kfslvsj zfrhfb jvf rq, pfvf kf sJsk yfq bf. zfv sp hAdÙÁ lfWqfk oarB jsv bf sn hAdÙÁ zfïfr W klDq vnCstv bf IvmfbD jsv.« (mcndtm 3598bQ)

nckvfQ kfslv rj mfvshb bf, kfslv rj smsv dbsu Jfshb bf. ufsbb skf? pfjfk bf dlst, kfslv rj JfWqf rq.


zbcv™i jcvhfbD W zfjDjfsk ovDhslv rj rvI jvshb bf. zfidb zfk¹Dq-nr sJstb. zfv ovDhslv shtfq Wuv slJfstb, kf spb j[sbfƒ bf rq. zKhf zfidb W zfibfv zfk¹Dqvf Hfstfef sJstb, zfv Jfvfi ucet ovDhslv Hfso, kf spb zfslZ bf rq. sjbbf, ovDhslv rj sJstW kf rum jvsk ifvshb bf. Jchƒ Èv¢ifj ovDhmfvf Jfhfv.

mdrtfslv nfsK nlfyvB

mdrtf htsk …sÜwA rt shofbf mdrtf, pfslv nfsK sjfbW jfst dhhfr ³hL. kfslv nfsK zfibfv zfyvB sjmb rWqf …dyk?

1. mdrtf pdl `se]f-se]f' sjf©ifdbv rq, kfrst zfidb zfibfv y[c zhbk vfJshb. zbcv™i jvsh ydvÛhkD mdrtf shofbf icv¢sNv s[sÛ.

2. ilGfbwDbslvsj ilGf jvsk nrspfdokf jvshb. pfvf zfibfsj ilGf jvsk yfq, zfidb mfƒà bf j'sv kfslv sn iasyófsj nru j'sv slshb ˆhQ dTsedm jvshb bf. djYc yfƒsk rst ilGfv zfVft rsk yfƒshb.

3. sp mdrtf ilGf jvsk yfq hf zfibfsj slsJ Ov sTfsj zKhf sOfmef efsb W mcJ tcjfq, kfslvsj dbsq rfnfrfdn jvshb bf. hvQ kfslvsj sn jfsu …{nfdrk jvshb.

4. mdrtf zfibfv zfk¹Dq rst, kfv iadk jkGhA zfsvf shdw. kfsj v[f jvfv lfdqk¶ zfsvf shdw.

5. mdrtf kfv hfdVsk ˆjfdjbD Kfjst kfsk iashw jvshb bf ˆhQ kfsj nQsjfsy sItshb bf. ˆ s[sÛ mrfbhD �-ˆv dbslGw msb vfJcb, dkdb hstsYb,

))Feא�':S>�7/��F�7��>W�7� >r:��)).א��8مS7&�<%>#�<-@u>�7+F$�i7�<S7#�9>��9א��8 >Fl�نFb�7,9ن�8א� �ªskfmvf snƒ mdrtfslv dbje omb jsvf bf, pfslv öfmDvf dhslsw zfsY.

jfvB, wqkfb skfmfslv vÙÁdwvfq iahfdrk rq.« (zfrmfl 14324, n} dkvdmpD 935, n} ƒhsb mfufr 1779bQ)

6. mdrtf dhLhf hf ldvû rst kfv kÙ¶fhLfb jv¢b. kfsk vsqsY zsbj nWqfh. vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb,

�))�>C<��>و7א��>M��F�7#<�Fא��F�7��p>��8א��>��7 ��9א��>��>f�7S@��Fu�،�9��((��7ل��Fd�:1:�7��+$7و�:))�:�>ly:&�Fe��>XK8��<-�9א��Fu7و�،:�:y7&�Fe��>XK�9א�->��FR��u7و.((� �

ªdhLhf W dmnjDbslv zHfh lCv jvfq syófvk hAdÙÁ zfïfrv vf²Àfq durfljfvDv nmkctA.« (rflDsnv hBGbfjfvD hstb,) zfdm LfvBf jvdY sp,


dkdb ˆ jKfW htstb, ªsn ‰ bIt bfmfp zflfqjfvDv mskf sp j½f§À rq bf ˆhQ ‰ svfpf iftbjfvDv mskf sp svfpf YfsV bf.« (hcJfvD 6007, mcndtm 7659bQ)

ksh nfhLfb! zfibfv n¤ydvÛkf kfv nfsK spb ˆmb ipGfsqv bf rq, pfsk sn zfibfsj dOsv bkcb j'sv öi´ slJsk ðv¢ jsv.

7. iadkshwDv mdrtfv iadk zfibfv lfdqk¶ shdw. kfv iadkW zfidb zfibfv n¤ydvÛkf ialwGb jv¢b. bsy{ dbÇyq ufsbb, Osvv HfhDv ubA öfmDv zfk¹Dq rt mxkcAöv™i. zfv iadkshwDv mdrtfv mpGflf zbAfbA mdrtfv kctbfq lwÈB shdw.�

dmj¶lfl dhb zfnWqfl � hstb, ˆjlf mrfbhD � nfrfhfosBv …sÜswA htstb, ªskfmvf hAdHyfv nìsá jD ht?« njst htstb, `zfïfr W k]fv vnCt rfvfm jsvsYb, zkˆh kf rfvfm.' dkdb htstb,

>F$�>1&>��7:��<�>'��7"<��7>��7<�א��FAF��7p>�<v7&�:�:x8ن>(F�7��<%>#�<نF$�7p>�<v7&�>�F$7�<#�>"�>�9��7x.(� �ªiadkshwDv bq ˆmb 10de mdrtfv nfsK hAdHyfv jvfv yfƒsk iadkshwDv

1de mdrtfv nfsK hAdHyfv zdLjkv dbjxó.« zk}iv htstb, ªskfmvf ycdv nìsá jD ht?« njst htstb, `zfïfr W

k]fv vnCt rfvfm jsvsYb, zkˆh kf rfvfm.' dkdb htstb, �7��W�7>��7<�#<%>�א��x8:�:�&�7>�9قFAF��7ن>(<"F$�:�7�<&F$�>1< F�7��<%>#�<نF$�7�9<�#<%>�&�7>�9ق��7x.(� �

ªiadkshwDv bq ˆmb 10de hfdVsk ycdv jvfv yfƒsk iadkshwDv 1de hfdVsk ycdv jvf zdLjkv dbjxó.« (zfrmfl 23854, hcJfvDv zflfh 103, k¶fhfvfbD 16993, nrDùt ufsm 5043bQ)

8. zfv sp mdrtfsj slJfswfbfv lfdqk¶ zfibfv OfsV, kfv hAfifsv nkjG rb. dhswN j'sv kfv öfmD pdl durfsl Kfsj, kfrst sn zfibfv mfsqv mskf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))��7%<&>��>��FR�7%א��>#��:x7��<%�>#��7#�،�<-9.>/�7.8#@$�>M7#<�:2Fu�7%&>�>��FRא��F�7��7%&>�>f�7S@<�א��7��>��@M7#<�:+��>�<fF$�p>b�7%&>�>f�7S@�7%א�>#��:x7��:�@�<�7&��:X�:GA7 Fb�،�>M�7#�7 >R1:�&�7'>م�7א��F��7�>d:و�Ke9)�<-9. >b�:1:�':�7 Fb�،�>1��s<�7&��87+�7��7a��7#�>1>/�7!7�7+�<%>#.((� �

ªöoxsr zh²¿fbjfvD stfsjslv is[ mcufdrlslv ²ÃDslv mpGflf kfslv dbsuslv mfsqv mpGflfv mk. öoxsr zh²¿fbjfvD stfsjslv msLA sp hAdÙÁ sjfb mcufdrl hAdÙÁv idvhfsvv iadkdbdLk¶ (slJf-ðbf) jsv, zk}iv kfslv hAfifsv sn kfv sJqfbk j'sv hsn, ksh djqfmskv dlb kfsj mcufdrslv n©mcsJ lf]V jvfsbf rsh ˆhQ sn kfv sbjDnmCr sKsj n§Âó bf rWqf ipG§À


ƒ¤Yfmk sbjD dbsq sbsh.« zk}iv vfnCtcïfr � zfmfslv iadk mcJ dIdvsq htstb, ªskfmfslv LfvBf jD? (sn dj kJb kfv jfY sKsj sbjD dbsk YfVsh?)« (mcndtm 5017bQ)�

9. shofbf mdrtfsj nftfm dlsq mcJ sJftfshb bf. zfv mcnfIfrfr skf bqƒ. jfvB kfsk dIkbfv Hq zfsY. zbcv™i sbe ƒkAfdlsk yAfe jvf rsk nfhLfb. bsy{ zfidb rqskf zufbf sjfb Hcstv iK ytsk ðv¢ jvshb, zfv zfidb kfv sevW ifshb bf.

JdvÜfsvv nfsK hAhnfqDv nlfyvB

sÛÁkf zfibfv v¢pDv zbAkm mfLAm. kfv ubA kfƒ iY¦l jvf lvjfv, pf zfidb dbsuv ubA jsvb. nckvfQ zfidb kfsj sL]fjf dlsk ifsvb bf.

ˆjlf vfnCtcïfr � (hfufsv) ˆj JflAvfdwv dbje dlsq zdkÛÁm jvfv nmq kfsk dbu rfk Tcjfstb. dkdb zfÌcst zbcHh jvstb sp, dHksvv wnA dHsu zfsY. htstb, ªWsr hAfifvD! ˆ jD hAfifv?« hAfifvD htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! Wsk hxdó isVsY.' dkdb htstb,

�))F�FbF$�:17�7�7x�7ق'Fb�97�م�Kl�7�|�8!%7#�7>�!�א�!8�س:�&�7א�:�+��87א�T< F�Fb��8!>#.�((�� ªdHsuÈstfsj wsnAv …isv vfJst bf sjb, pfsk stfsj slJsk sik? (susb

svsJf!) sp zfmfslvsj sL]fjf slq, sn zfmfslv ltHcÙÁ bq.« (mcndtm 294-295,, ƒhsb mfufr 2224, dkvdmpD 1315, zfhC lf…l 3452bQ)

mrfbhD � hstsYb, »-��:� �1#%�"7�ع�F��%��7،�א��:��-�$GF:'�א�>GF$�� "�-��&�>1 >b��< 7��e)�1! 7"�:1F�«.��

ªmcndtm mcndtsmv Hfƒ. sjfb mcndtsmv ubA ShL bq sp, sn kfv Hfƒsj sjfb dudbn dhÛÁq jvfv nmq kfv sjfb Û¢de hqfb bf jsv (sofib jsv vfsJ).« (ƒhsb mfufr 2246, nrDùt ufsm' 6705bQ)

zfv Û¢de sofib j'sv djYc dhÛÁq jvst kfv mCstA hjGk Kfsj bf. nckvfQ ydvÛhfb hAhnfqDv êf Hfhf …dyk bq sp, sn tfHhfb rt. spsrkc mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))��7�7Fu�<�7��،�و(ن�.>� "��7�:.F��FJ�'�:"��7!8 �Fb�،��Fd8�Fy77&�<-F��7#�9,ن>�d7�73��و7"�7 א��7 ?�7�ن�9"��<:#��7"7XFu7و��9.>� 7"�@MFu�"�<;FR>2.((� �

ªsÛÁkf W dhsÛÁkf …Hsqv ubA kk[B ipG§À (ycdÙÁ ifjf hf hfdkt jvfv) öfLDbkf vsqsY, pk[B ipG§À kfvf ixKj (dhÛÁq-²¿t rsk ²¿fbf§Àdvk) bf


rsh. zfv pdl kfvf nkA jKf hst ˆhQ (iBAlashAv iajxkk¶) Jcst hst, (slfN-Û¢de sofib bf vfsJ,) kfrst kfslv sjbf-shyfv msLA hjGk slWqf rq. zfv kfvf pdl (slfN-Û¢de) sofib vfsJ ˆhQ dmKAf hst, kfrst kfslv lc'usbv sjbf-shyfv hjGk vdrk jvf rq.« (hcJfvD 2079,2114, mcndtm 3937, zfhClf…l 3459, dkvdmpD 1246bQ, bfnf„)

hAhnfq jKfq jKfq jnm JfWqf ³hL bq. n{ hAhnfqDv zfyvB jnm j'sv sÛÁkfv msb dhw¶fn Lvfsbf bq. ˆsk jf±emfv sL]fjf sJsk ifsv. zfv ˆmb hAhnfqD mrfb zfïfr iY¦lW jsvb bf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))mM7�7"<�F$��:-:.: �>r<�:&�@��:��א7�� 8�ع:��:�و��8v�7��8��7x7،�אK��72�א�،��:¦�>RFy��7�ل:��و7א<�:��و7א��8 >±:��،�א�p>8א�v7��<�:�و7א]9#7�م:�،א�S�א((.� �

ªyfv hAdÙÁsj zfïfr OxBf jsvb; (zfv kfvf rt,) jKfq jKfq wiKjfvD hAhnfqD, zrQjfvD ovDh, hAdHyfvD hxÝ ˆhQ zkAfyfvD wfnj.« (bfnf„ 2576, ƒhsb drêfb 5558, zfhC qAf'tf 6597, nrDùt ufsm' 880bQ)

zfv dmKAf jnm skf zfsvf hV Hqfbj. sn hAfifsv mrfbhD � ˆjlf htstb,

)):�N�FC:&�Fe�mM7�F�7�<-9.< F�9)�:�@z<!7&�Fe7و�،>M7#�7 >R7'>م�7א�&�@� .:-:�אNu7v:&�Fe7و�،\- >�F$�\7א�X7��<-:.F�79->،�و..((� �ªdkb hAdÙÁv nfsK zfïfr djqfmskv dlb jKf htshb bf, kfslv iadk

kfdjsqW slJshb bf, kfslvsj idhÛ jvshb bf ˆhQ kfslv ubA rsh p§ÃBfial wfd²À.«

dkdb ˆ jKfde icb}icb} dkbhfv htstb. zfhC pfvG � htstb, `hAKG W [dkoa²À rsh, kfvf jfvf sr zfïfrv vnCt?' dkdb htstb,

�)).א�@�>�<�:�،�و7א�!8�ن:�،�و7א�@!>�>"�:177��>��:k>y��F<�<�א�C�ذ<�<�((� �ªkfvf rt, sp hAdÙÁ o]fsev dbsy jfiV Ucdtsq isv, lfb jsv sp `dlsqdY-

dlsqdY' hst iayfv jsv shVfq ˆhQ dmKAf jnm j'sv sp kfv iBAlahA dhÛÁq jsv.« (mcndtm 306-307, zfhC lf…l 4087, dkvdmpD 1211, bfnf„, ƒhsb mfufr 2208bQ)

hAhnfv hAfifsv nvt rWqf n¤ydvÛhfb hAhnfqDv jkGhA. kfsk hAhnfq tfH rq, JdvÜfv shdw rq. zfv mrfb zfïfr kfv iadk jv¢Bf jsvb. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))7->+7��:1Kא��:x7��2<��7و7(9ذ7א�א�i7�7<aو7(9ذ7א�"7�ع�7(9ذ7א��7 7dא.((� �ªzfïfr snƒ hf¦lfv iadk vrm jv¢b, sp dhÛÁqjfst�…lfv,�ÛÁqjfst�

…lfv,�‡B idvswfL jfst�…lfv�ˆhQ�‡B zflfqjfstW�…lfv.«�(hcJfvD 2076,�ƒhsb mfufr 2203, nrDùt ufsm' 3495 bQ)


nckvfQ sj… sjbfv iv iBA sIv{ dlsk yfƒst nvt msb sIv{ dbb. kfsk zfibfv tfH zfsY. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

��$FdF�ل%7#�7>«�>�<�:#�:1F��FdF$�:1K7=>�17/7:�א��«�.� �ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb mcndtsmv ÛÁq-dhÛÁq ycdÙÁ hfdkt jsv slq, (zKGf{ kfv

iY¦l bf rst mCtA dIdvsq dlsq h²Â sIv{ sbq) zfïfr snƒ hAdÙÁv zivfLsj djqfmskv dlb [mf j'sv slshb.« (zfhc lf†l 3462, ƒhsb mfufr 2199, dntdntfr nrDrfr 2614 bQ)

hAhnfqDv ydvÛ rWqf …dyk ˆjub ndròcv, ˆjub ³LpGwDstv W ˆjub [mfwDstv. jfvB sÛÁkf zfsY hù Lvsbv, hù msbv W smufsuv. zfidb pdl kfslv nfsK jsEfv hAhrfv ialwGb jsvb, kfskW zfibfv [dk. zfv nvt Hfstf mfbcsNv nfsK Jfvfi hAhrfv jvstW zfibfv [dk.

kfv nfsK HfstfHfsh jKf bf htst zKhf jec jKf htst zKhf hAÌ jvst, sn zfibfv jfsY mft sbsh bf. iv§Â sn zbAfqHfsh zfibfv jKfq zfOfk sisq zfibfv …iv hÜczf jvsh. zfibfv lchGAhrfsvv jKf sn yyGf jvsh. zfv kfv Ist zfibfv hAhnf ycstfq spsk ifsv.

sn jKf zfidb bf mfbsk ifsvb. dj§Â ˆ hf²Àhsj zöDjfv jvfv …ifq sbƒ.

sj… sjfb dhswN dudbn J]cusk zfibfsj hfvhfv iaw jvt zKhf lfm jmfsk hfvhfv zbcsvfL jvt, zfv zfidb dhvÙÁ rsq htstb, `zfidb hfQtf shfsUb bf?' zKhf `nmUlfbD sYfeD rAfq djqf?'

sj… rqskf lfm duÎfnf j'sv kfv iY¦l bf rst sn dIsv pfs¤Y. zfidb kfsj jef[ j'sv zfibfv nfKDsj htstb, `zfsv W sbsh bf. dHJfvD zfsY.'

sj… rqskf zfibfv dbjse shdw nmq dbs¤Y. kf slsJ zfidb kfsj ðdbsq dlstb, `ˆj efjfv nfmfb dbsk ˆsn zfidb zfmfsj dhvÙÁ jsvb sjb?'

jfsvf lfdV hf ecdi dbsq rqskf `slsVt, smfïf' ƒkAfdl hst zKhf nvtkf slsJ `so]sqf Hck' ƒkAfdl hst pdl hAÌ jsvb, kfrst msb vfJshb kfv ifw¶G-iadkdÛÁqf zfsY.

dmdó rfdn dlsq mfbcsNv mbuq jvf pfq. zfidbW zfibfv sÛÁkfv mbuq jvsk ifsvb. bsy{ sp mcydj rfnsk ufsb bf, kfv …dyk hAhnfv lvuf há jvf. ksh rfdn dlsq jf…sj I]fdnsk Uctfhfv syóf jvshb bf spb.

ˆj hAhnfqDsj duÎfnf jvf rt, `hAhnfq skfmfv i]cdu jD?' …Ùsv sn htt, `zfmfv i]cdu rt zfmfbklfvD, nkAhfdlkf ˆhQ zfmfv iadk stfsjslv zf²¿f.'


r]Af, ydvÛhfb hAhnfqD rst zfidbƒ nIt hAhnfqD. bsy{ mrfbhD � hstsYb,

��7(9ن8((�8S_7'>م�7&:�>�7=:'ن�7א�&�>M7#�7 >R�א�א��8S@b�،�Ke9)�9%7#��FR8/א�F��.))و7�737ق�7،�و7"�8�7،�א �ªhAhnfqDvf djqfmskv dlb Ifsuv (ififyfvD) rsq (jhv sKsj) …Esh.

ksh sn bq, sp (kfv hAhnfq) zfïfrsj Hq jsv, (stfsjv iadk) ˆrnfbD jsv ˆhQ nkA jKf hst.« (dkvdmpD 1210, rfsjm 2144, iamcJ, dntdntfr nrDrfr 994bQ)

zfibfv mcJfsi[Dslv iadk zfibfv nlfyvB zfidb sbkf zKhf nvjfvD zdInfv. kfƒ zfibfv jfsY hù stfj zHfh-

zdHspfo hf dbsuv jfu dbsq zfsn. kfsk zfibfv zrQjfv hxdÝ rskƒ ifsv. dj§Â ydvÛhfb rst zfidb dhbqD rshb.

zfidb mfbcNsj …ijxk jvfv spfoAkf zuGb jsvsYb, zkˆh zfibfv …dyk, sn spfoAkf zbcpfqD zfidb mfbcsNv …ijfv W nrfqkf jvshb. bsy{ vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb,

�))��،�<->f9��RFb79->�و.>�K�7G77<.9->�وx��7+�7�7�7د:ونS7<+�Fb�،�7�>��9א�@�>�<':#@$�<%>#��~< 7a�@�#7%>�و�Ke7:�א�>M7#�7 >R��9<�&7'>م�7א�RFb71<�و>K�7G77<1<�وx�7+�7د:ون�@��)).א+>�7�7S7א �

ªsp hAdÙÁsj zfïfr mcntdmslv sjfb jfspG dbpcÙÁ jvstb, zk}iv sn kfslv zHfh-zdHspfo, iasqfub W zbeb sKsj zlxwA Kfjt, djqfmskv dlb zfïfr sn hAdÙÁv zHfh-zdHspfo, iasqfub W zbeb sKsj zlxwA Kfjshb.« (kf iCvBgjvshb bf.) (zfhC lf…l 2950, dkvdmpD 1332bQ)

zfv Jhvlfv …ijfsvv dhdbmsq Ocn sbshb bf zKhf hJdwswv bfsm …{sjfy Jfshb bf zKhf zspZdÙÁj Wuv sldJsq jfu didYsq slshb bf. bsy{ zfidb svrfƒ ifshb bf. zfidb pf djYc sofisb jsvb, kf mrfb iadkiftj slJsYb. dkdb YfVshb bf. zfv snW YfVsh bf, sp zfibfv ³wdKtA zKhf zhÎfv Ist [dkoa²À rt.

zfdm dj YfVh kfsj, pfv jfvsB zfmfv jmG-uDhsbv ˆjef hYv bó rt? zfdm dj YfVh kfsj, pfv znrspfdokfv jfvsB zfmfsj ˆjef hYv tfÒbf

sifrfsk rt? zfdm dj YfVh kfsj, pfv jtm hAhrfv bf jvfv Ist ˆjde hYv

zimfsbv v¢pD sJsk rt? zfdm dj YfVh kfsj, pfv zdIsn jsóv nfsK hfvhfv dosq LfÄf sJsq


nItkfv isK ˆjde hYv didYsq sotfm? zfdm dj YfVh kfsj, pfv zhÎfv Ist zfmfv jk zfibub Hct hcsU iv

rsq sot? zfidb dj dhw¶fn jvshb? zfdw djstfdmefv iK hfsn spsk zfmfv syfsJ

zdhvfm zwa¢ UsvsY. sn zwa¢v mCtA zflfq bf jsv dj zfdm kfsj sYsV slh, pfv kfd¤YstA snƒ wafhsBv Lfvfifk zfmfv oàslsw hsq sosY? j[sbf bf.

zfidb zfmfsj Hcst spsk ifsvb. zfdm dYtfm zufbf ofsYv zsybf Ict. dj§Â zfdm skf zfibfsj dydb. zfidb dYstb smOtf zfjfswv dmdedmde zfstfv kfvjf. zfidb dYstb snƒ sTtf, sp sTtfq sEtfq isV nftfm jvsk pfq stfsj. sp zfOfk slq, sn rqskf Hcst pfq, dj§Â sp zfOfk Jfq, sn sjfb dlb Hcst bf. nckvfQ nfhLfb!

zfidb pdl FfÙÁfv rb, kfrst zfidb njt mfbcsNv waÝfHfub. hvQ zfidb slhkf-Wqftfslv slhkf. svfoDv nfsK zfibfv hAhrfv pk nc¦lv rsh, kk zfidb hV rshb. zfv pk zfidb hV rshb, kk zfidb dhbqD rshb. iqnf-Wqftf svfoDv nfsK spmb hAhrfv jvshb, skmdb jvshb ovDh svfoDslv nfsK. pskv nfsK svfoD slJshb. dydj{nfq lfWqfkD jKf hst slsrv nfsK kfv msbvW dydj{nf jvshb. svfoDv nfsK HfstfHfsh jKf htshb. nc¦lvHfsh jsóv jKf duÎfnf jvshb.

HfstfHfsh hflD-iadkhflDv hÙÁhA bf ðsb spmb dhyfvj dhyfv jvsk ifsvb bf, HfstfHfsh mntf bf ðsb spmb mcIkD Iskfqf dlsk ifsvb bf, skmdb HfstfHfsh bf ðsb bf susb FfÙÁfv svfoDv svfo dbBGq kKf ndEj dydj{nf jvsk ifsvb bf.

zfibfv hAhrfsv svfoD n§Âó bq. zfibfv dydj{nfq svfoD Hvnf jvsk ifvsY bf. slsrv nfsK sn mfbdnjHfshW dhipG²À zfibfv kfd¤YstA.

zfidb jKf jfsb sbb bf. zfibfv bfsnGv jfsY zdHspfo jvst hst, `…db Hohfb! …db nh ufsbb. …bfsj duÎfnf jvsk rq bf, skfmfv jD rs¤Y?'

svfoDv zh²¿f Jfvfsiv dlsj sost zfibfv iadk zdHspfo zfbst zfibfv nlý …Ùv rq, `skfmfv jfsY zfmfsj FfÙÁfdv dwJsk rsh bfdj sr?'

bf FfÙÁfv nfsrh! FfÙÁfdv rqskf hù iqnf Jvy j'sv zfidb dhslw sKsj dwsJ ˆsnsYb. dj§Â zfibfv rqskf hfjD zfsY n¤ydvÛkf swJf.

êf n¤ydvÛkf bq sp, zfidb svfoDv hAKf dbsq hAÌ jvshb. kfv p§ÃBfv zfÈsb Oxkfùdk jvshb. svfoD znrA p§ÃBfq YeIe jvsY, zfv zfidb kfsj slsJ rfnshb zKhf ÈbXÈbX ncsv ofb ofƒshb zKhf Lmj dlsq kfsj


yci rsk htshb. ðLc siwfok jmG dbsq Kfsjb. dydj{nftsqƒ sjht duÎfnf jsvb, `sjmb

zfY?' zfv hfƒsvv uosk spb Hcstƒ pfb, zfdm ˆjub zfibfv svfoD. zfibfv jfsYƒ dydj{nf jvfƒ. zidvdyk bƒ, idvdyk. dj§Â msb ƒ¤Yf ufso bf, stfjefsj duÎfnf jdv, `hkGmfsb sjmb zfsYf?'

FfÙÁfvhfhc! ƒrjfstv ubA zsKGfifuGb skf jvsYbƒ. ivjfstv ubAW djYc ifsKq nQoar jv¢b. nh svfoDv iÇyfsk sp zKG zfnsh, sn LfvBf mb sKsj mcsY sItcb.

zmcndtmslv nfsK nlfyvB

zfidb ˆmb nmfsu hfn jvsk hfLA rsk ifsvb, spJfsb mcwdvj W jfsIv hnhfn jsv. zkˆh kfslv nfsK sp zflh sJqft vfJf lvjfv kf dbmv™i}-

1. zfidb nQJAftOc rst n©Hh rst snJfb sKsj druvk jsv mcndtm idvshsw yst pfb. spsrkc mrfbhD � hstb,

�)).א��FRFb�<;7�9�7"�:1<!>#�@M8#?X>�،�א��:�>�FdF$�7]7#�7�>u9�م%7#�7>(( �ªsp hAdÙÁ mcwdvjslv nfsK kfslv slsw hfn jvsh, kfv dbje sKsj

(zfïfrv) lfdqk¶ …sE pfsh.« (k¶fhfvfbD 2212, hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb 9373, nrDùt ufsm' 6073bQ)

»e�!>u��:/א'��uא��،�eو�-f':�>#��،�%7�Fb�-:.7!Fu�7�#7�7.:-�$و��x�'.b�-.�=#«.� �ªskfmvf mcwdvjslv nfsK hnhfn jsvf bf ˆhQ kfslv nfsK nrfh²¿fb jsvf

bf. nckvfQ sp kfslv nfsK hnhfn jvsh zKhf nrfh²¿fb jvsh, sn kfslvƒ mskf.« (dkvdmpD 1605, k¶fhfvfbD 6905, rfsjm 2627, hfƒrfj¶D 18201bQ)

2. druvk jvf n©Hh bf rst jcIXv W dwsjGv mfsU zfibfv „mfb h]fyfsk wvqD zflh smsb ytcb ˆhQ susb vfJcb sp, mfbhufdkv ubA ˆjmfÛ ƒntfmƒ rt zfïfrv msbfbDk LmG. ˆ LmG YfVf zbA LmG iftb jsv mfbcsNv idvÛfB sbƒ. nckvfQ ƒntfmsj pfvf zöDjfv jsv, kfvf bfsm mcndtm rstW jfsIv.

3. zmcndtmslv LmG ƒntfm zfnfv iv hfdkt rsq sosY---ˆ jKf msb vfJshb. zfv susb vfJshb, nh LmG nmfb bq, hvQ ƒntfmƒ rt ˆjmfÛ LmG.

4. zmcndtmsj srlfqfskv zfstf slWqfv syóf jvshb. ˆmb hAhrfv ialwGb jvshb, pfsk sn zfibfv W zfibfv ƒntfsmv iadk zfjxó rq. zfv Jhvlfv ˆmb hAhrfv ialwGb jvshb bf, pfv Ist sn ƒntfmsj OxBf jsv


zKhf ƒntfm sKsj lCsv nsv pfq. spsrkc ƒntfm dyv nkA W nc¦lv. zkˆh zfibfv sbfQvf hAhrfv äfvf snƒ nkA W nc¦lvsj mdtb jvshb bf.

zfidb ˆ ixdKhDv nhGswaô Lsbv mfdtj rsk yfƒst ˆjde zmcndtmsj ƒntfsmv iK slJfb.

nfrXt ƒhsb nf'l nfsqlD � hstb, vfnCtcïfr � Jfqhfv (pcsÝv) dlb htstb,�ªdbÇyq zfdm zfofmDjft pcÝ-ikfjf ˆmb ˆj hAdÙÁsj slh, pfv rfsk zfïfr dhuq lfb jvshb, zfv sn hAdÙÁ zfïfr W kf]v vnCtsj Hfthfsn ˆhQ zfïfr W kf]v vnCtW kfsj Hfthfsnb.«

zk}iv stfsjvf ˆƒ zfstfybf jvsk jvsk vfk jfdesq dlt sp, kfslv msLA sjfbX hAdÙÁsj êf slWqf rsh. zk}iv njfst kfvf vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv dbje sot. kfslv iaskAsjvƒ ˆƒ zfjf£[f dYt sp, ikfjf kfsj slWqf srfj. dj§Â dkdb duÎfnf jvstb, ªzftD ƒhsb zfhD k¶fsth sjfKfq?« k]fsj htf rt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! k]fv y[cäsq hAKf rs¤Y.' dkdb htstb, ªkfsj sFsj ifEfW.« nckvfQ k]fsj sFsj zfbf rt. kfviv vfnCtcïfr � kfv y[cäsq KcKc tfdosq dlstb ˆhQ k]fv ubA lczf jvstb. Ist dkdb ˆmb nc²¿ rsq sostb; spb k]fv sjfb hAKfƒ dYt bf. zk}iv dkdb k]fsj pcÝ-ikfjf dlstb. zftD � htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! kfvf zfmfslv mk (mcntmfb) bf rWqf ipG§À dj zfdm kfslv dhv¢sÝ tVsk Kfjh?' dkdb htstb,

))<X@y<א��F�7��F}>�<�9��7��وf<�>�<G$7:->�،�א]�>�Fم��F�9)�9אد>�:.:->��:-9v<!7/�<-.`7+�7�"�،�8ل��87+�7>"�:�>S7&�< F�7�<-9.�<%>#�?k7+�>� ��F��7�7/�>1א>b�،��>��7G�F}F��<%>#��9¦\�و7א+<�א��F}>"��:x7א�@�&F��7�>�<.7ن>�Fb'7א:+��)).א�!7�8- �

ªkcdm iawf§À rsq ytsk Kfj; pk[B bf kfslv bov-iafÌsb zhkvB jsvY. zk}iv kfslvsj ƒntfsmv dlsj zfrhfb jv ˆhQ kfslv …iv ƒntfsm zfïfrv sp uv¢vD rj vsqsY, kfslvsj sn hAfifsv zhdrk jv. zfïfrv jnm! pdl zfïfr kfzftf skfmfv äfvf ˆjde mfbcNsj drlfqfk jsvb, kfrst kf skfmfv ubA (zfvshv swaô n©il) tft …ebD zsi[fW …Ùm.« (hcJfvD 3009, mcndtm 6376bQ)

5. pfvf zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv wÛ¢, kfvf zfibfv hác rsk ifsv bf. zkˆh pfvf zfïfr W k]fv vnCtsj Hfstfhfsn, zfidb kfslvsj Hfstfhfncb ˆhQ pfvf zfïfr W k]fv vnCtsj OxBf jsv, zfidb kfslvsj OxBf jv¢b.

6. sjfb wfd§ÀjfmD zmcndtsmv nfsK znäAhrfv jvshb bf, jfsvf iadk


zbAfq zfyvB jvshb bf. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr hstb, )�7&��F��<-:fن�/��7�7_وF$�<-@u9�!>.u�7@-:�א��9%7��:1Kא��p>b�<-@u'@�>/�FR:&�<-F��7%&>XKא��?&%�9وu'�:x9�<�:&�<-F�7@-�#?�%�د<&�7�

�7�>l>�R:� >.9->�(9ن�8א��71K&:2<�_�א�F�9)א�'@l>�R:/7٨)�(و�(M!2`��א�'� zKGf{, äDsbv hAfifsv pfvf skfmfslv dhv¢sÝ pcÝ jsvdb ˆhQ skfmfslv

öslw rsk skfmfslvsj hdr°jfv jsvdb kfslv iadk mrfbcHhkf ialwGb W bAfq dhyfv ialwGb jvsk zfïfr skfmfslvsj dbsNL jsvb bf. zhwAƒ zfïfr bAfqivfqBslvsj Hfstfhfsnb. (nCvf mcmkfdrbfr 8 zfqfk)

7. zmcndtm rstW kfv iadk lqf ialwGb jv¢b. zfïfrv vnCt � hstb, ))�<-7+<�:&�Fe�<-7+<�7&�e�<%7#.((!� �

ªsp lqf jsv bf, kfv iadk lqf jvf rq bf.« (hcJfvD 5997, mcndtm 6170bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,

�))��7>+7�>1:�א&�Fe�7�7>+�9-7א�!8�س&�Fe�<%7#.((� �ªsp hAdÙÁ mfbcsNv iadk lqf jvsh bf, zfïfrW kfv iadk lqf jvshb bf.«

(hcJfvD 6013, 7376, mcndtm 6170-6172bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,

))p>b�?�@u�>Wذ7א��>�Fu�i8�7+�\�<xF$((.� �ªiaskAj diifnfkG iafBD(sj ifdb ifb jvfsbf)sk nWqfh zfsY.« (ƒhsb

mfufr 3686bQ) 8. nQJAfÈv¢ slsw Kfjst zmcndtsmv iadk pctm jvf pfsh bf, kfsj sjfb

iajfv jó slWqf pfsh bf. zfidb zfibfv zfyvB W hAhrfsv kfsj sjfb iajfv jó slshb bf.

zfibfv …dyk zfibfv nc¦lv hAhrfv äfvf kfsj ƒntfsmv dlsj zfjNGB jvf. ˆmb spb bf rq sp, zfibfv hAhrfsvv Ist sj… ƒntfm sKsj lCsv nsv pfs¤Y.

ˆj hAdÙÁ kfv zmcndtm sthfvsj mcndtm hfbfhfv ubA ƒntfdmj sn¦efsv dbsq ˆt. ƒntfm sp jk nc¦lv LmG kfsj hcUfsbf rt. sn htt, `ƒntfsm dj sthfvsj ndEj nmsq shkb slWqfv jKf sbƒ? zfmfv 6 mfsnv shkb slqdb. Wsj htcb, zfmfv shkbÈstf zflfq j'sv dlj.'

nckvfQ sn ƒntfmsj smsb dbsk ifvt bf. lcHGfoAhwk} kfv mfdtsjv hAhrfsv sn dyv nc¦lv äDb tfsH hdÑk Kfjt.

zKy ƒntfm hst, ªOfm ðjfhfv iCshG mucsvv mucdv dmdesq lfW.« zfv


mrfbhD � hstsYb, �»FeF$�<%7#�7-F�F¬א��>f�7�:#�9وF$�:17�FR7<و>�א�F$�:1FyK�Fu�7ق<'Fb�>1>Fd�Fh�<وF$�7X7GF$�:1<!>#��~< 7a�9�< 7r>"��>�� >h��T�y7��7�FAFb�:1:S >S7+�7&7م<'�>M7#�7 >R�א«�.� �

ªswfb! sp hAdÙÁ sjfb ycdÙÁhÝ (zmcndtsmv) iadk pctm jvsh zKhf kfv zdLjfv n©iCBGv™si zflfq jvsh bf zKhf kfsj kfv nfsLAv hfƒsv jmGHfv yfdisq slsh zKhf kfv n©mdk dhbf kfv dbje sKsj djYc oarB jvsh, zfdm djqfmskv dlb snƒ hAdÙÁv iadkhflD rh.« (zfhC lf†l 3054bQ)�

drwfm ƒhsb rfjDm ƒhsb drpfm � rsk hdBGk, dndvqfq ˆmb djYc yfND stfsjv dbje dlsq k]fv pfÛf rd¤Yt, pfslvsj svfsl lf]V jdvsq kfslv mfKfv …iv skt sTst slWqf rd¤Yt. dkdb iaw jvstb, `hAfifv jD?' htf rt, `Wslvsj udmv jv (zflfq bf slWqfv) ubA nfuf slWqf rs¤Y.' zbA hBGbfq zfsY sp, `vfuö (zflfq bf jvfv) jfvsB Wslvsj h¦lD jvf rsqsY.' drwfm htstb, `zfdm nf[A dld¤Y sp, vfnCtcïfr �-sj ˆ jKf htsk ðsbdY sp,

�))�7 �)).(9ن�8א�X7�:&�F?�:�א�X7�:&�7%&>XK?":'ن�7א�!8�س��p>bא��_�> �ªzfïfr kfzftf snnh stfsjslvsj jó slshb, pfvf stfsjslvsj jó

slq.« zk}iv drwfm zfmDsvv dbje dosq ˆ rflDnde ðbfstb. dkdb kfslv n©isjG dbslGw ufdv jvstb ˆhQ kfslvsj mcÙÁ j'sv dlstb. (mcndtm 6823-6826bQ)

zfv zmcndtm hstƒ kfv vÙÁ sp mCtArDb kf bq. spsrkc mrfbhD � hstsYb,

))<%7#�7�7Fd��y7��7א��f�7�:#�<-F��<¢9�7&��FM�72>7א��>M�8!7S��7��و7(9ن�8א.F�9��:��7x': F��<%�>#��>�7¦>��7#��7��>�7"<�F$��#�7�.((� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb (mcndtm vfsóº hnhfnjfvD) dp©mD (zKhf ndáycdÙÁv iv dhis[v jf…sj) rkAf jvsh sn hAdÙÁ shsrsñv nchfnW ifsh bf. zKy kfv nchfn 40 hYsv zdkÛÁmA lCvhkDG ²¿fb rsk ifWqf pfsh.« (hcJfvD 3166, 6914, ƒhsb mfufr 2686bQ)�

9. zmcndtmslv hfdkt mf'hClsj ofdt slWqf mcndtsmv ubA ShL bq. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr hstb,

))7r>"�7:�_'א�א��7��71>و�א� Fb�>1�7&�7>�:'ن�7#<%�د:ون�9א��%&>XK�7:�_'א�א�/�Fe7��9<�-و�< )�((١٠٨( zKGf{, kfvf zfïfrsj sYsV pfslv (…ifnbf) zfrhfb jsv kfslvsj ofdt

dlW bf, sjbbf kfvf zbAfqHfsh zÎfbkfhwk} zfïfrsj ofdt slsh. (nCvf


zfbzfm 108)�10. sjfb zmcndtmsj JfmfJf oftfofdt W hÜczf jvshb bf. mrfbhD �

hstsYb, ))�F�7/�7:�_'א��'<#FA�7אWذ:وא�א<o:Fb�7��7 <+FA�א.((� �

`mxk (zmcndtmslv)sj ofdt dlsq uDdhk (mcndtmslvsj) jó dlsqf bf.' (zfrmfl 18210, dkvdmpD 1982, nrDùt ufsm' 7312bQ)

zfhC ùvfƒvf � hstb, htf rt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! mcwdvjslv …iv hÜczf jv¢b.' dkdb htstb, ªzfdm zdHwfijfvDv™si siadvk rƒdb, hvQ zfdm sjht vrmk (jv¢Bf)v™si siadvk rsqdY.« (mcndtm 2599bQ)

ˆj ƒqfùlD mrfbhD �-sj zdHwfi dlst zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) iadkswfL dbsq if¬ef zdHwfi jvstb. mrfbhD � k]fsj htstb,

�.�»<�7a�Ke9)�:17��7a��7v<!:&�>#<%ع:�و�Fe7ز7א�<�7a�Ke9)�:17��C7&��>b@'ن:��Feא��?�7kb(9ن8«� �ªbmakf sp dhNsq Kfsj sn dhNqsj kf snZ¦lpGmdàk (msbfrv) jsv skfst.

zfv sp dhNq sKsj kf kcst sbWqf rq, sn dhNqsj snZ¦lpGrDb (m½fb) jsv sIst.« (mcndtm 6767, zfhC lf†l 4808bQ)

zfv mrfb zfïfr zfmHfsh hstsYb, ��)��٨٣(}�>!�+:��<�!8�س�9وd7@'�@'א{'��Rא��

ªskfmvf mfbcsNv nfsK nlftfi jv.« (hfj¶fvfr } 83) nckvfQ zfmHfsh njt mfbcsNv nfsK Hfstf jKf htf …dyk ˆhQ njtsj

nhGfÌ nc¦lv ƒntfsmv dlsj zfjNGB jvf …dyk. zhwA iasqfusb mcndtm-dhsäND jfsIvsj zdHwfi jvf pfsh, spmb

mrfbhD � jcbCsk bfsptfr isVsYb. db¦lfv hlst db¦lf jvf pfsh, spmb jdh rfnXnfb dhb nfshk � jdhkfq

mcwdvjslv db¦lf jsvsYb. 11. zmcndtm nmfsu hfn jvst sjfb jfsu kfslv nflxwA zhtìb

jvshb bf. iaskAj jfsu spb zfibfv öjDqkf W ixKj ³hdwóA Kfsj. spsrkc mrfbhD � hstb,

�»<%7#�718�7�7/�FR>"�7'>م':.Fb�<-:.<!>#«�.� �ªsp hAdÙÁ sp ufdkv zbcjvB jvsh, snƒ hAdÙÁ snƒ ufdkv ltHcÙÁ.« (zfhC

lf†l 4033, n} ufsm' 6149bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,


))7T< F��8!>#�<%7#�718�7�7/��7�9�< 7r>"�Fe7.:'د<�/8�7�7.:'א� ��>"�e7و�i7��7�8!��>".((� �ªsn hAdÙÁ�zfmfv ltHcÙÁ�bq, sp hAdÙÁ�zfmfslvsj sYsV zbA jfsvf

nflxwA zhtìb jsv. skfmvf�ƒùlDslv nflxwA zhtìb jsvf bf, zfv dJa±efbslvW nflxwA zhtìb jsvf bf.« (dkvdmpD 2695bQ, k¶fhfvfbD, dntdntfr nrDrfr 2194bQ)

12. dhswN jsv ƒhflskv s[sÛ zmcndtmslv nfsK ˆjfjfv rWqf sKsj nfhLfb rb. zfv mrfb zfïfrv dwJfsbf nCvf jfsIv™b ifE j'sv kfv …iv zfmt jv¢b. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, ªht, sr jfsIvlt! zfdm kfv …ifnbf jdv bf, pfv …ifnbf skfmvf jv. skfmvfW k]fv …ifnj bW, p]fv …ifnbf zfdm jdv. zfdm kfv …ifnj rh bf, pfv …ifnbf skfmvf jv. zfv skfmvfW k]fv …ifnj bW, p]fv …ifnbf zfdm jdv. skfmfslv LmG skfmfslv ˆhQ zfmfv LmG zfmfv (jfsY diaq).«

13. zmcndtmsj zfso nftfm slshb bf. spsrkc nftfm ƒntfm-Wqftfslv ³hdwóA. ksh sn zfibfsj ±ió W ndEj nftfm dlst kfv …Ùv slshb. sj… sj… hstsYb, zmcndtmslvsj nftfm dlsk `zfnX-nftfmc zftf mfdbÙfhfzft ùlf' htf pfq. (mcnfâfI ƒhsb zfhD wfƒhf 25988, mcnfâfI zf} vfpXpfj 19459bQ)

zKhf `zfnXnftfmc zftfƒbf zzftf ƒhfdlïfdrn n¶fdtrDb'W hAhrfv jvf pfq. (mcnfâfI ƒhsb zfhD wfƒhf 25989, mcnfâfI zf} vfpXpfj 19459bQ)

14. zmcndtm r]fdy dlst kfv ubA lczf j'sv htsk ifsvb, <-@CF��7"��<�:&7و�@�.&C<&>�<.7@-:�א (qAfrlDjcmcïf-ù zqcAndtr hf-tfjcm)

zKGf{- zfïfr skfmfslvsj n{iK slJfb ˆhQ skfmfslv z§Àv nQswfLb jsvb. (hcJfvDv zft-zflfh 940, zfrmfl 19586, zfhC lf†l 5038, dkvdmpD 2739bQ)

15. jfsIsvv …isTZjb W …irfv ialfsb W oarsB pdl ƒntfmD lfWqfskv sjfb …ijfv Kfsj kfrst kf ialfb W oarB jvsk ifsvb. klbcv™i oarB bf jvfsk sjfb …ijfv hcUst kf oarB bfW jvsk ifsvb. kfslv jfyf jfiV kfslv SkvD jvf rftft Jfhfv zfidb sJsk ifsvb. kfslv ShL lfWqfsk ShL JfhfvW mrfb …sÜswA sJsk ifsvb. spsrkc zfïfrv bhD � mcwdvjslv …isTZjb oarB jsvsYb ˆhQ ƒqfùlDslv lfWqfkW sJsqsYb.

16. zmcndtmslv srfset W ifsÛ JfWqf ShL bq. zhwA kfslv srfset W ifÛ YfVf zbA ifÛ bf ifWqf sost kf Hfstfv™si Lcsq kfsk JfWqf pfq.

17. zfibfv njt jfsu ˆhQ dhswN jsv dhhfr-wflDv hAfifsv mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw msb vfJshb. dkdb hstb,


7 >�\�#?%�#_�>��MFu9وC<7�7S<�F$�<'F�7@->�وC!:/�Fe7<2:'א��(G�mM7!>#<o_#�mM7#F�7�8و%>#<o:&��87+�>W�Fu9�<�:�وC!7/�Fe7<2:'א�א��\%>#<o_#�\�<�7�F�7א�و':!>#<o:&��87+�7�>u9�>�:�7 >�\�#?%�#_�>��J9وC7�7S<�F$�<'F�7@->�$@و>��F}>~F&�7>�:'ن��F�9)�7א�!8��9و7א��1:�א�G�

)�٢٢١()&��F�9)�7':�<�7אM8!7S�<�و7א��y<r7<��7<�"<,9ذ>�<1<�و7&:�7 ?%:�4&7�/<1<��<�!8�س�Ku7X77&�<-:.K�7�F��9:ون7zKGf{, zfv mcwdvj vmBD sp ipG§À mcntmfb bf rq skfmvf kfsj dhhfr

jsvf bf. mcwdvj bfvD skfmfslv iY¦l rstW dbÇyqƒ mcndtm ÛÁDklfnD kfv sysq …Ùm. zfv mcndtm bf rWqf ipG§À mcwdvj icv¢sNv nfsK jbAfv dhhfr dlW bf. mcwdvj icv¢N skfmfslv iY¦l rstW mcndtm ÛÁDklfn kfv sysq …Ùm. jfvB, Wvf skfmfslvsj ufrfâfsmv dlsj zfrhfb jsv ˆhQ zfïfr skfmfslvsj dbu zbcoar W [mfv dlsj zfrhfb jsvb.« (hfj·fvfr } 221)

dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªmc'dmb bfvDoB jfsIv icv¢Nslv ubA ˆhQ jfsIv icv¢Nvf mc'dmb bfvDslv ubA ShL bq.« (nCvf mcmkfdrbfr 10 zfqfk)

18. zhwA nÌk jfvsB dhswN jsv mrfb …sÜwA nfLb jvfv mfbsn zfidb sjfb ƒqfùlD hf dJa±efb nkD bfvDsj (mcndtm bf hfdbsqW) smfrv dlsq dhhfr jvsk ifsvb. mrfb zfïfr kf mcndtmslv ubA rftft jsvsYb, dkdb hstsYb,

?�CF��:W�7@-:�$@+<��8א� 7'>م7{Kl7�م:�א��Fh7��7و%&>X�K�7��7$@و/:�'א��א�>C��¹א��>+��<-�@CK��@C:#��7�Fh7و<-��_��>+��<-�:.K��:W�7!7�<2:��:�'f:%��8(9ذ7א�C>�<��Fd@->��#<�%��אC�<�7��7$@و/:'א�א�XK<&%�7#<%�7و7א��:W�7!7�<2:�א��:W�7!>#<o<�#<%�7و7א�:< 7/4�8%:f7�':x@$�7�>!>�<2:#�7�< F|�7�>2>b�7�:#�Fe7و��>X>�8:#7אن��<GF$�%7#7و�<�@yC7&�97�نZ9[�>"��<��FRFb��F�>��7+��:1�@�7�7��7':f7و�p>b�>�7�>G�٥(}א7��<�9&#�7%<�7%א��(��א��' �

ªzfu skfmfslv ubA nm²À Hft dudbn ShL jvf rt, pfslvsj djkfh slWqf rsqsY, kfslv (pshrjxk) JflAlahA skfmfslv ubA ShL W skfmfslv (pshrjxk) JflAlahA kfslv ubA ShL ˆhQ dhÇhfnD n¤ydvÛf bfvDoB W skfmfslv iCshG pfslvsj djkfh slWqf rsqsY, kfslv n¤ydvÛf bfvDoB (skfmfslv ubA ShL jvf rt); pdl skfmvf kfslvsj smfrv ialfb j'sv dhhfr jv, iajfwA hAdHyfv zKhf …iikDv™si oarB jvfv ubA bq. zfv sp sj… „mfbsj zöDjfv jvsh, kfv jmG db®It rsh ˆhQ sn ivjfst [dkoa²Àslv z§ÀHGcÙÁ.« (mfdqlfr } 5)

susb vfJshb, nf©ialfdqj n©iaDdk v[fv mfsb ˆƒ bq sp, mcndtm-zmcndtmvf kfslv iftifhGsB ˆjfjfv rsq pfsh zKhf ˆsj zsbAv nfsK ƒ¤Yfmskf dhhfr-nCsÛ zfhÝ rsh. ˆmbef bf j'svW n©iaDdk hufq svsJ nrfh²¿fb jvf pfq.


� �ið-i[Dv nfsK nlfyvB

mrfb zfïfrv nxdó-³hdysÛ ið-i[DW zfmfslvƒ mk ˆj-ˆjef nxdó. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,�

�>ض�p>b�9د��M8"47#<%�و7#7�{Fא��Fe7��و>��Fh�:¦>l7&�>1< 7+�7!7S>"�Ke9)�\-7#@$�-@C@��7=<#F$��8#��7!h8�Fb�p>b�>��7>Cא��%>#��<p7a�8-:��F�9)�<-9.?"7��مא��'��)��٣٨(}&:2>��7:ون�7 �

zKGf{, HCixsô dhyvBwDt iaskAjde uDh ˆhQ (hfqcmàst) dbu Ffbfv nfrfspA …V§À iaskAjde ifJD skfmfslv mkƒ ˆj ˆjde ufdk. zfdm djkfsh sjfb djYc dtdihÝ jvsk Û¢de jdvdb. zk}iv kfslv njtsj öDq iadkiftsjv jfsY nmshk jvf rsh. (‚bX‚m } 38)

zfv ixdKhDv njt djYc nxdó jsvsYb ˆƒ mfbcsNv ubA. dkdb hstb, }7':f��>XK�7א�kF�7G�-@CF��8#�p>b�9ض<�Fא�� >�7x{)�٢٩�(��'��Rא��

zKGf{, dkdb ixdKhDv nh djYc skfmfslv ubA nxdó jsvsYb. (hfj¶fvfr } 29) mrfb zfïfr mfbcsNv sjfbX sjfbX …ijfsvv ubA ið nxdó jsvsYb, kfW

…sïJ jsvsYb. dkdb zfjfwmàtD W mfbcN nxdóv jKf …sïJ jvfv iv hstsYb,

}\�<� .7��د<>b�<-@CF��7.FRF�7G�77�م�<�FA�ن�7 و7א'@�@uA7/��7.<!>#7و�:]>b�7!7#77�ل\�+<�7)�٥(و�7x��7. >b�<-@CF�7�9@'ن�7 و�:/ �k>��>"��K�9)�>1?�א�9T@y<�FA��(9ن�8�C7/�<-F��<-�@C8"7@'�:�'א� و27/7>�<�:�$CF��FR<�F@->�(��F�7"��F�9)�٦(و7+<��7/�7>�7+:'ن�7>r>��7"�

�\- >+7��\��:'ن7 و7א7�� >��7و7א��<7r�ل�7و7א72��<¦7)�٧(�7�F�:وF�<�7/��F��7#�:k@�<�7&7و�M7!&97��و7زf':�Fu<�7>�{)�٨( zKGf{, dkdb ykc±il u§Â nxdó jsvsYb; skfmfslv ubA Wsk wDk dbhfvj

…ijvB W hù …ijfv vsqsY; zfv kf rsk skfmvf zfrfpG sisq Kfj. zfv pJb skfmvf náAfq Wslvsj yfvBHCdm rsk oxsr dbsq zfn ˆhQ iaHfsk pJb Wslvsj yfvB HCdmsk dbsq pfW, kJb skfmvf Wv snZ¦lpG …isHfo jv. zfv Wvf skfmfslv Hfv hrb j'sv dbsq pfq lCv slsw; spKfq iafBf§Àjv jó hAkDk skfmvf si]ZYsk ifvsk bf; skfmfslv iadkiftj zhwAƒ yvm snrwDt, ivm lqftc. skfmfslv zfsvfrsBv ubA W swfHfv ubA dkdb nxdó jsvsYb sOfVf, J¤yv W ofLf. zfv dkdb nxdó jsvb ˆmb zsbj djYc, pf skfmvf zhok bW. (bfrXt } 5-8)

…ÙÁ zfqfkÈdt sKsj hcUf pfq sp, mfbcsNv nfsK ið-i[Dv n©ijG jfYfjfdY. nckvfQ mfbcsNv nfsK sp dudbsnv …ijfdvkf udVsq zfsY, sn dudbnsj zhsrtf


W zhÎf jvf …dyk bq. spsrkc kfsk vsqsY mfbcsNv v¢pD, sifwfj, snZ¦lpG W hfrb.

ˆJfsb …lfrvB öv™i jsqjde iðv bfm …sïJ jvf rsqsY, bsy{ zbAfbA iðskW …ijfdvkf hkGmfb.

ið-i[Dv iafB v[fv lfdqk¶ ydvÛhfb mfbcsNv. iafBv[f mfbcsNv jfsY iafiA iafBDv zbAkm zdLjfv. mfbcsNv rfskƒ

ixdKhDv [mkf. njt iafBD kKf dbsusj L¶Qn jvfv njt iajfv rfdkqfv sn ³kvD jsvsY, zfdh°jfv jsvsY. dbsmsNv msLA L¶Qn jvsk ifsv ixdKhDv njt uDhsj. kfƒ kfvƒ lfdqsk¶ vsqsY njt uDshv uDhb v[fv lfdqk¶.

zhwA ˆ jKf dEj sp, h]fyfv ubA mfvsk rsh. sp zfmfsj mfvsk yfq, zfdm kfsj mfvsk ifdv. zfmfv Ofkjsj zfdm swN jvsk ifdv. bAfqnQok zdLjfv snef. kf hst zbAfqHfsh jf…sj mfvsk ifdv bf. zjfvsB jfsvf uDhb bfw jvsk ifdv bf. zsrkcj sjfb iafB bó jvsk ifdv bf. ziasqfusb jfsvf iafB dbsq zjv¢B sJtf sJtsk ifdv bf.

zjfvsB iafBrkAfv ubA mfbcNsj ufrfâfsm spsk rsh. ªˆj mdrtfsj ˆjde dhVfstv ubA wfd²À slWqf rsqsY. sn kfsj sh]sL svsJdYt ˆhQ zhswsN sn mfvf dosqdYt, idvBdksk mdrtf kfvƒ jfvsB ufrfâfsm iashw jvt. sn pJb kfsj sh]sL svsJdYt, kJb kfsj zfrfv W ifdb dlk bf ˆhQ kfsj sYsVW dlk bf sp, sn jDe-ikÌ Lsv Jfsh.« (hcJfvD 2365, 3482, mcndtm 5989bQ)

zisvv iafB dbsq zjv¢B sJtf jvf ³hL bq. sp sJst, sn zdHwå. zfècïfr dhb …mfv � ˆjhfv jcvfƒw hQswv jdkiq bhpchsjv dbje dlsq zdkÛÁm jvfv nmq t[A jvstb sp, kfvf ˆjde ifJDsj sh]sL (rfskv dbwfbf dEj jvfv mfbsn kfv …iv dblGqHfsh) kDv mfvsY. kfvf ifJDv mfdtsjv nfsK ˆƒ ycdÙÁ jsvdYt sp, iadkde t[Aëó kDv kfv rsq pfsh. nckvfQ pJb kfvf ƒhsb …mfv �-sj slJsk sit, kJb YÛHÌ rsq ifdtsq sot. ƒhsb …mfv � htstb, `ˆ jfu sj jsvsY? sp ˆ jfu jsvsY kfv …iv zfïfrv zdHwfi. db}ns¦lsr vfnCtcïfr � snƒ hAdÙÁv …iv zdHwfi jsvsYb, sp sjfb ˆmb dudbnsj (kfv kDv-sJtfv) t[Ah²Âsk idvBk jsv, pfv msLA iafB zfsY.' (hcJfvD 5515, mcndtm 5174bQ)

zfbfn � hstb, `vfnCtcïfr � uDh-u§Âslv sh]sL svsJ (kDv hf h¦lcsjv dbwfbf dEj jvfv ƒ¤Yfq) rkAf jvsk dbsNL jsvsYb.' (hcJfvD 5514, mcndtm)


mrfbhD � hstsYb, )7%7�F��:1K7'7אن7#�9=%7#�7�8>�א�� 72��>".(� �

zKGf{, zfïfrv zdHwfi snƒ hAdÙÁv …iv, sp iðv zÌrfdb Oefq. (bfnf„ 4442, ƒhsb drêfb 5617, hfƒrfjD 18600bQ)

ƒhsb …mfv � hstsYb, bhD � snƒ hAdÙÁsj zdHwfi dlsqsYb, sp iðv zÌrfdb Oefq. (hcJfvD 5515, lfsvmD 1973, hfƒrfjD 18518bQ)

sjfbW iðv zsrkcj iafBbfw Oefsbf dhwft sofbfrv jfu. mrfbhD � hstb,

�8��א#>�7v7/��F$7و8ج�7�1K��\�:x7<א��<!>��7א�Fz<�F$�>�':�_X-�7(9ن�8«F�Fb��7 Fd��:1�77x�7+��7.<!>#��7.FRK�Fh��7��7f7و7ذ��7f9�<.7�>"�\�:x7��7�7�x7:��א�>�7>��7�7و7f7XFb�>1>/7�<x@A>"�:�7G47و�:�:R7&�M8"7�7=��د7א��«.� �

ªzfïfrv dbje nh yfƒsk hV ifdiô snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp sjfb mdrtfsj dhhfr jsv, zk}iv kfv dbje sKsj muf tcse dbsq kfsj kftfj slq ˆhQ kfv smfrvW zfk¹nf{ jsv. (däkDq rt) snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp sjfb stfjsj mucv Jfefq, zk}iv kfv mucvD zfk¹nf{ jsv ˆhQ (kxkDq rt) snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp JfsmfJf ið rkAf jsv.« (rfsjm, hfƒrfjD, nrDùt ufsm' 1567 bQ)

dkdb hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zdLjfv YfVf (zpKf) ˆjde hf kfv shwD yVcƒ rkAf jvsh, djqfmskv dlb zfïfr kfsj sn yVcƒ n©isjG iaw jvshb.« htf rt, sr zfïfrv vnCt! zdLjfvef jD (sp zdLjfsv kfsj rkAf jvf ShL rsh)? dkdb htstb, ªzdLjfv rt ˆƒ sp, kf phfƒ jsv (kfv sofwXk) JfWqf rsh ˆhQ mfKf sjse (rkAf jsv) sIst slWqf rsh bf.« (bfnf„, nrDr kfvoDh 2266bQ)

zfècïfr dhb mfn†l � hstb, ˆjlf bhD � slJstb, di]isVv okGnmCrsj zfmvf icdVsq sIstdY. dkdb kf slsJ htstb, ªsj ˆƒ (di]isVÈdt)sj icdVsq sIstsY?« zfmvf httfm, `zfmvfƒ.' dkdb htstb, zfÈsbv mfdtj (zfïfr) YfVf zfÈb äfvf wfd²À slWqf zfv zbA jfsvf ubA nÌk bq.« (zfhC lf†l, rfsjm, dntdntfr nrDrfr 25bQ)

ˆjlf ˆjde ofsYv dbsy ˆjub bhDsj di]isV jfmsV dlst dkdb okGnr di]isVv lt icdVsq sItstb. zfïfr k]fsj zrD jsv htstb, ªskfmfsj ˆjde di]isV jfmsV dlst kcdm ˆjde ˆmb ufdksj icdVsq mfvst, sp (zfmfv) knhDr ifE jvk? kcdm mfvst skf ˆjdesjƒ mfvst bf sjb, (sp skfmfsj jfmsV dlsqdYt)?« (hcJfvD, mcndtm 2241bQ iamcJ)

ˆƒHfsh ƒntfm iafBDv iafBv[fq k{iv. ksh mfbcN nhGswaô uDh. kfv


iafB nhfv yfƒsk mCtAhfb. nckvfQ kfv iafsBv wÛ¢sj smsv sItsk ƒntfm zbcmdk dlsqsY. spmb ˆ jKf iCshG …dïdJk rsqsY.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, ªi]fyde lcó iafBDsj ƒrvfm W rftft zh²¿fq (zKhf rfvfm nDmfbfv dHksv W kfv hfƒsv) rkAf jvf rsh; nfi (dhYf), (disE zKhf hcsj nflf lfodhdwó ˆj iajfv) jfj, ƒ]lcv, drQna jcjcv W dyt.« (mcndtm, dmwjfk 2699bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ iaKm zfOfskƒ ˆjde dejdedj mfvsh kfv ubA vsqsY 100de sbjD, däkDq zfOfsk mfvst vsqsY kfv sysq jm sbjD, zfv kxkDq zfOfsk mfvst vsqsY kfv yfƒskW jm sbjD.« (mcndtm 2240 bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb (dhNLv) nfi slsJ ˆhQ kfv rfmtfv Hsq kfsj smsv bf sIst, sn zfmfslv ltHcÙÁ bq.« (nrDùt ufsm' 6247bQ)

ifbfrfsv ið-i[Dv zdLjfv. sn zdLjfv zflfsq mfbcNsj nlfyfvDv idvyq dlsk rsh.

oxrifdtk ið-i[Dsj dbqdmk ifbfrfv jvfsk rsh. kf bf jvfst zfïfrv jfsY sofbfrofv rsk rsh. J]fyfq sh]sL vfJf ið hf ifdJsjW JfWqfsbfv lfdqk¶ kfv, sp sh]sL svsJsY.

vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb, )<;7"?X:��m�F$7�<#א�p>b��8�>f��7.<7!7S7��87+�<;7/�7#��<;F�7G7��Fb��7. >b��7�7��F��7p�>f��7.<7��א�!�8��hF$��F�7و��7.<FR7��<7�7�7>.7��(9ذ+��F�7�7وp>f�Fu7�7/�7.<�:�@uA7/�<%>#�97�7�شG�9ض<�FA�א.(� �

ªˆj mdrtfsj ˆjde dhVfstv ubA wfd²À slWqf rsqsY. sn kfsj sh]sL svsJdYt ˆhQ zhswsN sn mfvf dosqdYt, idvBdksk mdrtf kfvƒ jfvsB ufrfâfsm iashw jvt. sn pJb kfsj sh]sL svsJdYt, kJb kfsj zfrfv W ifdb dlk bf ˆhQ kfsj sYsVW dlk bf sp, sn jDe-ikÌ Lsv Jfsh.« (hcJfvD W mcndtm)

ˆjlf mrfbhD � ˆjde …esj slJstb, ([cLfq) kfv disEv nfsK sie stso sosY. kf slsJ dkdb htstb, ªskfmvf ˆƒ zhtf u§Âslv hAfifsv zfïfrsj Hq jv. nckvfQ …ÙmHfsh (nc²¿ Kfjf zh²¿fq) kfsk nWqfv rW ˆhQ …ÙmHfsh (nc²¿ Kfjf zh²¿fq) kf JfW (hf kfv diE sKsj sbsm pfW).« (zfhC lf†l, ƒhsb Jcpfƒmfr, nrDr kfvoDh 2273bQ)

ˆj hAdÙÁ kfv …esj dEjmk sJsk dlk bf, …iv§Â jó dlk. kfv ifw dlsq vrmskv bhD �-sj ifv rsk slsJ …ede zfWqfu dlt ˆhQ kfv syfJ dlsq ifdb iVsk tfot. dkdb …sev mfdtjsj sFsj htstb, ªkcdm ˆƒ


u§Âv hAfifsv zfïfrsj Hq jv bf sjb, zfïfr skfmfsj pfv mfdtj hfdbsqsYb? W skf zfmfv jfsY zdHspfo jvsY sp, kcdm Wsj [cLfq vfJ ˆhQ (shdw jfu dbsq) j½f§À j'sv sIstf!« (zfrmfl, zfhC lf†l, rfsjm, dntdntfr nrDrfr 20bQ)

oxrifdtk u§Â skf dbsuv n©il, kfsj ifbfrfv jdvsq nhfƒ h]fdysq vfJsk yfq. zfv sJsk bf dlsq jó dlst ifiD rsk rq. iv§Â dbsuv ifdtk ið bf rstW kfsj ifbfrfv jvfst nWqfh zfsY. iaskAj uDshv iadk lqf ialwGsb icBA zfsY.

vnCt � hstb, ªˆj hAdÙÁ ˆj jcqfv dbjehkGD rsq kfsk zhkvB jsv ifdb ifb jvt. zk}iv …sE slJt, jcqfv ifsw ˆjde jcjcv (diifnfq) dur¶f shv jsv r]fifs¤Y. kfv iadk stfjdev lqf rt. sn kfv ifsqv ˆjde (ymGdbdmGk) smfuf Jcst (jcqfsk sbsm kfsk ifdb Hsv ˆsb) jcjcvdesj ifb jvft. Ist zfïfr kfv ˆƒ jfsuv iadklfb öv™i kfsj ufâfsk iashw jvfstb.«

stfsjvf htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! uDh-u§Âv iadk lqfialwGsbW dj zfmfslv nWqfh zfsY? dkdb htstb, ªiaskAj nuDh iafBdhdwó uDshv (iadk lqfialwGsb) nWqfh dhlAmfb.« (hcJfvD 2466 bQ, mcndtm 2244 bQ)

ið-i[Dv iadk lqf ialwGb jvf n¤ydvÛhfb mfbcsNv jkGhA.

zdrQna iafBDjCt dbvDr ˆhQ mfbcsNv hfLA, hfLA bf rstW [dkjv bq. sn s[sÛ kfvf spsrkc lchGt, snsrkc lqf-lfd[BA ifWqfv zdLjfvD. ˆmbdj sp iðv mfQn H[B jvf zfmfslv ubA rftft, kfsj pshr jvfv nmsqW lqf ialwGb jvf zfmfslv jkGhA. ˆ bq sp, pshr pJb jvdYƒ, kJb kfv iadk lqf ialwGb jsv tfH sbƒ.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, �ذ7"27>�:->��و(ذא�א�FAb��FM�F�<>R+>��<!:'א��b��<-:��7Fd,ذא��<p�7a��u?��א]9+>��ن�7/�7�7Fu�7�)�א��(ن�(

).ذ7" 1772:�و� :�¢>�u:�7+$�:17/7�y7a->�و� :2<��8א�FAb�FM72<"?X+>�<!'אzKGf{, ªzhwAƒ zfïfr iaskAj h²Âv …iv zbcoar dtdihÝ (uv¢vD)

jsvsYb. nckvfQ pJb (durfl hf rsÜ) rkAf jv kJb …Ùmv™si zbcoasrv nfsK rkAf jv ˆhQ pJb pshr jv kJb …Ùmv™si zbcoasrv nfsK pshr jv. skfmfslv …dyk, Ycdvsj Lfvfstf jvf ˆhQ hLA iðsj zfvfm slWqf.« (zfrmfl, mcndtm 1955bQ iamcJ)


ˆƒ lqf ialwGb jvsk dosqƒ hLA iðv n©mcsJƒ Ycdv wfb slWqf …dyk bq (mjv™r). spsrkc bhD � Ycdv wfb dlsk ˆhQ kf ið sKsj sofib jvsk zfslw jsvsYb ˆhQ hstsYb, ªpJb skfmfslv sj… pshr jvsh, kJb sn spb kfVfkfdV jsv.« (mcnbfl zfrmfl 2/108, ƒhsb mfufr 3172bQ, nrDr kfvoDh 1/529)

pshrv dhdHâ rflDn sKsj ƒntfsmv dhäfboB pshrv dhdHâ zflh dbLGfvB jsvsYb. zfmDv¢t mc'dmbDb …mfv � hstsYb, `pshrspfoA iðv iadk ˆjde zbcoar ialwGb ˆƒ sp, pshrjfvDv jfsY kfsj sesb-sr]ysV dbsq pfsh bf.'

dkdb ˆj hAdÙÁsj slJstb, sn ˆjde Yfotsj pshr jvfv ubA kfv ifsq Lsv sesb-sesb dbsq pfs¤Y. dkdb kfsj htstb, `lcsHGfo skfmfv! mxkcAv dlsj Wsj HfstfHfsh sesb dbsq pfW.' (mcnfâfI zf} vfpXpfj)

vfhDzfr zfvGfƒ hstsYb, `zbA iðv lxdóv nfmsb ið pshr bf jvf zbcoar ialwGb jvfv z§ÀHGcÙÁ.'

pshrv iðsj ðƒsq sItfv iv kfVfkfdV pshr jsv sItsk rsh. ðƒsq Lsv svsJ kfsj jó slWqf ³hL bq. ˆj hAdÙÁ iðsj ðƒsq svsJ kfv Ycdv wfb dld¤Yt. kf slsJ mrfbhD � kfsj htstb,

)F$:/9�:�&�F$<ن�:/>�: 7.��7#7/'79��7fK��F$<+7�8Wد�:a7�y7/F}�Fd7��F$ن�:/>S^7�7.�؟(� �ªkcdm dj Wsj lcƒhfv mfvsk yfW? Wsj swfqfhfv zfso Ycdvsk wfb lfWdb

sjb?« (k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv, rfsjm, dn} nrDrfr 24bQ)�pfsj mfvsk pfd¤Y, kfv iadkW lqf? spsrkc lqfhfb mfbcNƒ iajxk mfbcN.

mrfb jv¢Bfmq lqf ialwGb jvsk zfslw dlsqsYb. zfïfrv vnCt � hstb,

��7>+7�:.:-:��א��8א+<�:�'ن�7(&�:%�7�:��'א�،و�7�7/7�)��/��7��FJ7א��8+>+<��>ض%�7#��9>��אFא��<-@C<�7+<��7&�<%��7#��>��).א��8 �

ªlqflaG mfbcNslvsj ivm lqfmq (zfïfr) kfhfvfjf zkfzftf lqf jsvb. skfmvf uoäfnDv iadk lqf ialwGb jv, kfrst dkdb skfmfslv iadk lqf jvshb, dpdb zfjfsw zfsYb.« (dkvdmpD, nrDr zfhc lf†l 4132bQ, rfsjm)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, ªsp hAdÙÁ mfbcNsj lqf ialwGb jsv bf, sn hAdÙÁsj zfïfrW lqf jsvb bf.« (hcJfvD 6013, mcndtm 2319 bQ, dkvdmpD)

)7#<%7� 72"<'�ذ�F�7و7-7+<�M7��>+7�:1@�7# �7א�R<'م�7&�7א�M.(� �zKGf{, sp hAdÙÁ lqf ialwGb jvsh, pdlW pshrspfoA ið (hf yVcƒ)v iadk


rq, djqfmsk zfïfr kfv iadk lqf jvshb. (hcJfvDv zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 379, dn} nrDrfr 27bQ)

ˆj hAdÙÁ htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! hjvD uhfƒ jvskW zfmfv lqf rq.' dkdb htstb, ªkcdm pdl skfmfv hjvDv iadk lqf ialwGb jv, kfrst zfïfr skfmfv iadk lqf ialwGb jvshb.« (rfsjm 7562, nrDr kfvoDh 2264bQ)

iCshG …dïdJk rsqsY sp, rkAf jvfv nmsqW lqfialwGb jsv rkAf jvsk rsh. di]isV mfvstW zfÈb dlsq icdVsq mfvf ³hL bq. dejdedj mfvf dhsLq W nWqfshv jfu rstW ˆj zfOfsk smsv sItfsk zfsY shdw nWqfh.

zshftf W zhtf ifJDv iadkW lqf ialwGb ydvÛhfb mcndtsmv jfu. ƒhsb mfn†l � hstb, ˆj nIsv zfmvf vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv nsÌ dYtfm. dkdb sinfh-ifqJfbf jvsk yst sostb. zk}iv zfmvf ˆjde tft vsMv (ù©mfvfr) ifJD slJtfm. ifJDdev nfsK kfv lcsef hf¤yf dYt. zfmvf kfv hf¤yfÈstfsj Lsv dbtfm. ifJDde ˆsn (zfmfslv) zfsw-ifsw Ocvsk tfot. ˆmkfh²¿fq bhD � dIsv ˆstb ˆhQ htstb, ªˆƒ ifJDdesj Wv hf¤yfslv ubA sj jsó sIstsY? Wsj Wv hf¤yf dIdvsq lfW.« (zfhC lf†l 2675bQ)

iðv iadk lqf ialwGb jvfq ˆk hV mfrfk¹A zfsY sp, kf jsv ˆjub shwAfW zfïfrv [mf tfH jvsk ifsv. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

ªˆjlf ˆj hAdÙÁ iK ytdYt. kfsj Jchƒ diifnf tfot. zk}iv sn ˆjde jCi sit. nckvfQ sn kfsk sbsm ifdb ifb jvt. zk}iv shv rsq slJsk sit sp, (WJfsbƒ) ˆjde jcjcv diifnfv u¶ftfq duH shv j'sv rf]ifs¤Y W jflf y]fesY. stfjde (msb msb) htt, `diifnfv kfVbfq zfdm sp zh²¿fq si]ZsYdYtfm, jcjcvdeW snƒ zh²¿fq si]ZsYsY.' zkˆh sn jCsi bfmt kfviv kfv yfmVfv smfufq ifdb HdkG jvt. zk}iv sn kf mcsJ Lsv …isv …Et ˆhQ jcjcvdesj ifdb ifb jvft. zfïfr kfzftf kfv ˆƒ zfmtsj jhct jvstb ˆhQ kfsj [mf j'sv dlstb.«

nfrfhfoB htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! ykc®il u§Âv iadk lqf ialwGsbW dj zfmfslv nWqfh rsh?' dkdb htstb,

)<-7�7��p>b�?�@u�>Wذ7א��>�Fu��M7�h7��\�<xF$.(� �ªr]Af, iaskAj uDshv iadk lqf ialwGsb sbjD vsqsY.« hcJfvDv zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY sp, ªzfïfr kfzftf kfv ˆƒ zfmtsj

jhct jvstb. zk}iv kfsj [mf j'sv ufâfsk iashw jvfstb.« hcJfvD-mcndtsmv zfv ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªsjfb ˆj nmq ˆjde jcjcv ˆjde

jCsiv yfdvifsw sOfvf-dIvf jvdYt. diifnf kfsj mxkiafq j'sv kcstdYt.


(ˆƒ zh²¿fq) rEf{ hbD „naf„stv shwAfslv msLA ˆj shwAf kfsj slJsk sit. zk}iv sn kfv yfmVfv smfuf Jcst kf (WVbfq sh]sL jCi sKsj) ifdb …dEsq kfsj ifb jvft. nckvfQ ˆƒ zfmstv jfvsB kfsj [mf jvf rt.« (hcJfvD 3321bQ)

ncvfj¶fr dhb uc'ðm � hstb, zfdm zfïfrv vnCt �-sj snƒ rfdvsq pfWqf …e n©isjG duÎfnf jvtfm, pf zfmfv utfwsq zhkvB jsv; sp utfwq zfdm zfmfv dbu …sev ubA SkvD jsv svsJdY. (‰) …esj ifdb ifb jvfst zfdm nWqfshv zdLjfvD rh dj? dkdb htstb,

)7�7�-�،�p>b�@u?��>Wذ7א�Fu>��7+8�i�\�x$.( �ªr]Af, iaskAj diifnfkG iafBD(sj ifdb ifb jvfsbf)sk nWqfh zfsY.«

(nrDr ƒhsb mfufr 2972bQ, hfƒrfjD iamcJ) mrfbhD � zfsvf hstsYb,

)<%7#�7�Fy7+�7#،��<-F��<�7�<�7&�:1<!>#�\�>�Fu�،i8�7+�<%>#��،%�>x�Fe7و��،T�<�9)�Fe7و��،�>��Fh�Ke9)��:�7��7x4�@��&�7'>م��7א>M7#�7 >R�א.(� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb jcqf J]cVsh, sp jcqf sKsj sjfb diifnfkG uDh, du¶b, mfbcN zKhf ifdJ ifdb ifb jvstƒ djqfmskv dlb zfïfr snƒ hAdÙÁsj nWqfh lfb jvshb.« (hcJfvDv kfvDJ, ƒhbc Jcpfƒmf, n} kfvoDh 963bQ)

mrfbhD � hstsYb, ªdbÇyq zfïfr jxifmq. dkdb njt dhNsq bmakf W jxif iY¦l jsvb.« (hcJfvD 6024, mcndtm 2165bQ)

iafBDv iadkW jxif W bmakf dkdb iY¦l jsvb. zfmvf sp iðsj nWqfvDv™si hAhrfv jdv, pJb kf lDOG nmq zfmfslv nfsK Kfsj, kJb kfv ifbfrfsvv iadk sJqft vfJf zfhwAj. pdl sjfb ˆmb udmv …iv nIv jvf rq, pfsk shw nc¦lv Ofn zfsY, kfrst iðsj snJfsb djYc[B ysv sbWqfv ncspfo slWqf jkGhA. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�>ضKz��7%�>#�9.�7��+�7א]l<�FA�Fb��7��>"9@'א��א��<��>�<��Fb�7��>b>/:->�(9ذ7א(Fو7(9ذ7א�א��<-:/<�Fb��7��>b��>M7!8א�� >.�FAFb��7>��9:'אF�7��7�< ....)א��8

zKGf{, pJb OfnpcÙÁ HCdmsk nIv jvsh, kJb HCdm sKsj …esj kfv zdLjfv ialfb jv. (yvsk lfW.) zfv pJb Ofn-ifdbrDb HCdmsk nIv jv, kJb kf wDOa ifv rsq pfW. (mcndtm 5068bQ, zfhC lf†l, dkvdmpD)

klbcv™i iðv …iv zdLj mft shfUfƒ jvf ³hL bq, pfsk hrb jvsk zKhf ofdV efbsk kfv jó rq. ˆk stfsjv nWqfv rWqf ³hL bq, pfslvsj


dbsq iðv iK ytskƒ jó rq. (Ifkùt hfvD 12/520) htf hfùtA, nWqfv rWqfv nmq, shfUf hrsbv nmq, Ofdb efdbsq skt

siNfsbfv nmq, yfdj Ocdvsq ifdb skftfv nmq, wft Ocdvsq zfJ siNfsbfv nmq iðsj jó bf slWqf zfhwAj.

iðv disE nWqfv Kfjf zh²¿fq zKhf ov¢-mdrsNv j]fsL ofdVv su]fqft Kfjf zh²¿fq Kfdmsq sjfb jfu jvf ³hL bq. lvjfv rst shfU rfîf jsv dlsq jfu nfvf iasqfub. ˆ hAfifsv mrfbhD � hstsYb,

)<-@u�8&9)�<نF$وא�:X>�87/�7�':.@¬�<-@C?"9ن�8،�#7!7�"<��7د7و7א,Fb�F�7��(8�9�7��אf7�8�7��<-@CF��<-@C7rN�7�:>��F�9)��F�7"��<-�F�� C7/�>1@'�:'א>r>��7"�Ke9)�?k>�>"�،9T@y<�F�7�7�7א�x7و�:-@CF��7ض<�F7��א�.< F�7�Fbא�': d�Fb�<-@C77x�7+(.� �

zKGf{, skfmvf skfmfslv nWqfvDv diEsj (hÙÁxkfv) smìv hfdbsq sbWqf sKsj dhvk rW. spsrkc zfïfr kf sjht skfmfslvsj lCv slsw si]ZsY slWqfv ubA skfmfslv zLDb²¿ jsv dlsqsYb; spKfq iafBf§Àjv jó hAkDk skfmvf si]ZYsk ifvsk bf. dkdb skfmfslv ubA mfde nxdó jsvsYb, kfv …iv l]fdVsq iasqfub nfsvf. (zfhC lf†l 2567, dn} nrDrfr 22bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, �7�>�Fu:'אא<((f>�>X�8�7א��8و7א��M7��).�Fuא�<X>�87/��8p:وFe�7fو�7،��<��7�M7א/f':�>�8�و�7��< �

zKGf{, ˆƒ iðÈdt zfsvfrB jv (jó) sKsj dbvfil vfJf zh²¿fq ˆhQ (sbsm) huGb jv dbvfil jsv. zfv kfslvsj syqfv hfdbsq dbsqf bf. (zfrmfl, k¶fhfvfbD, rfsjm, dn} nrDrfr 21bQ)

zfbfn � hstb, `zfmvf pJb (nIsv) sjfb mdÓst zhkvB jvkfm, kJb nWqfvDv iftfb bfmfhfv iCshG bIt bfmfp iVkfm bf.' (zfhC lf†l 2553bQ) zKGf{, zfmvf bfmfspv iadk zfoarD rWqf nsÙ¶W nWqfvDv diE sKsj iftfb bfdmsq kfsj zfvfm bf slWqfv zfso bfmfp iVsk ðv¢ jvkfm bf.

klbcv™i snƒ iðv …iv nWqfv rWqf ³hL bq, pf udm-yfN jvfv ubA nxdó jvf rsqsY.

ˆjde rflDsn zfsY, ) Fe�8%7 FR<�7/��>M7�Fd7��¦>�7"�m�7دF�>d�<%>#��7/7و�Ke9)�<;7�>l@d.(

zKGf{, sjfb …sev olGfsb Lbcsjv kfsvv rfv Kfjst kf spb zhwAƒ zhdwó bf Kfsj. kf dY]sV sItf zfhwAj. (zfhC lf†l 2552, n} ufsm' 7207bQ)

zsbj …tfmf ˆƒ rflDsnv ˆjde hAfJAfq hstsYb, Lbcsjv kfv sh]sL svsJ


…e hf zbA iðsj jó slWqf …dyk bq. spsrkc kf otfq I]fn nxdó jvsk ifsv zKhf sjfb ofsYv Ffst hf shVfq stso sn zfesj spsk ifsv. kfsk kfv w¶fnsvfLW rsk ifsv.

ˆjƒ jfvsB tfofm spb iðv ubA jólfqj bf rq, kfv sJqft vfJf uv¢vD.

³hL bq uckfv sofVfdtsk dib tfdosq kfv äfvf dbmGm zfOfk jsv nWqfvD r]fjfsbf. spsrkc ˆsk kfv jó rq.�

³hL bq uAf§À Kfjsk pshrjxk iðv vo jfef, uAf§À zh²¿fq mfYsj skst sYsV üfƒ jvf. mfvf skf pfshƒ, khcW kfv zfso ˆjec lqf ifWqfv zdLjfv dj vfsJ bf zshftf W zhtf uDh-u§Âvf?

ið-i[Dv iadk pctm jvf ³hL bq ydvÛhfsbv ubA. iðv iadk sjfb iajfv pctm jvf pfsh bf, kfsj ofdt hf zdHwfi slWqf

pfsh bf. pctm njt wvDqsk njt uDshv iadk rfvfm. zfmfslv wvDqk zfmfslvsj

dw[f dlsqsY, )>M7#�7 >R�7'>م�7א&�\W�7�@�@¬�7-�£z9ن�8א�,Fb�7-�£zא�א�'@R8/א(.� �

ªskfmvf pctcm sKsj h]fy; jfvB, pctcm rt djqfmskv dlsbv zájfv.« (mcndtm 2578bQ)

pctm mfsb zbAfq-zkAfyfv. sjfb ið-i[Dv iadk sjfb zbAfyfvB jvf pfsh bf.

sjfb iðsj zsrkcj jó slWqf pfsh bf. zjfvsB kfsj mfvLv jvf pfsh bf.

sjfb iðsj slso dydrÁk jvfv iasqfub rst kfv syrfvfq lfof rsh bf. sjfb iðsj iasqfusb mfvsk rst kfv mcJmàst mfvf pfsh bf.

ƒhsb zfêfn � hstb, vfnCtcïfr � ˆmb ˆjde ofLf slJsk sistb, pfv syrfvf lfof rsqdYt. kf slsJ dkdb zkAdLj zns§ÀfN iajfw jvstb. zk}iv htstb, ªzfïfrv jnm! zfdm Wv syrfvf sKsj nhsysq lCvhkGD zsÌ lfoh. (zfÈsbv Y]Afjf dlsq dyrÁ slh.)« zk}iv dkdb dbu ofLf n©isjG dbslGw jvstb ˆhQ kfv ifYfq lfof rt. nckvfQ dkdbƒ iaKm hAdÙÁ dpdb (ofLfv) ifYf slsodYstb. (mcndtm)

ufshv � hstb, bhD �-ˆv dbje dlsq ˆjde ofLf zdkÛÁm jvt, pfv syrfvf lfof rsqdYt. kJb dkdb htstb, ªsp ˆv syrfvf slsosY, kfv iadk


zfïfrv zdHn©ifk srfj.« (mcndtm) zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, `zfïfrv vnCt � syrfvfq mfvsk W lfosk dbsNL

jsvsYb.' lcƒ iðv msLA tdVsq dlsq kfslvsj jó slWqfW ˆj iajfv zbAfqfyvB.

ˆƒ zfyvsB mfbcN zfb¦l ifq, dj§Â iðvf JfsmfJf jó ifq. sp ið sp jfsuv ubA bq, sn jfsu kfsj hAhrfv jvf ˆj iajfv pctm.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, )�7�7!< 7��+7�7�FR7"�<�Fd�7�7��&�7:'ق:��x7:�\�و7"7.< F�7��<;7Fy7��Fb�>1< F�9)�:1<7�K�FCFb�<;F��FRFb�p?�9)�<-F��<kF�<G@$7א�X7.>��p?!>CF�7و�:;R>�:G�>§<�72�>�.(� �

ªˆj hAdÙÁ ˆjde ov¢v …iv mft svsJ yftfsk yfƒt. ov¢de kfv dlsj dIsv htt, `zfdm ˆ ubA nxdó rƒdb. zfdm skf yfsNv ubA nxdó rsqdY.' (hcJfvD 3663, mcndtm 6334bQ)

…dyk bq, nfsLAv zkDk mft shfUfƒ jvf ˆhQ mfsvv syfse kf efbsk hfLA jvf. mfbcsNv msb iaskAj uDshv iadk lqf Kfjf lvjfv. mfbcNƒ skf nhsysq dhshjhfb W hcdÝmfb uDh.

iðv zÌrfdb Oefsbf zShL. iðv zdLjfv rvsBv ˆjde zijmG rt kfv zÌrfdb Oefsbf.

uDdhkfh²¿fq ˆ jsmG zsrkcj jó ifq ið. pfv Ist ˆmb hhGsvfdyk jmG wqkfbD hst dhshdyk rsqsY. spmb ˆ jKf iCshG …dïdJk rsqsY.

sp iðv mfQn rftft bq, sn iðsj Jfdn jvf ³hL bq. zhwA spef iasqfusb jvsk rq, snef zShL bq. spmb sofwXk Hfstf sbWqfv ubA rftft iðv Jfdn jvf, pfjfk hf mÄfv rfvfsmv jcvhfbD dydrÁk jvfv ubA syrfvf YfVf zbAÛ lfo slWqf ƒkAfdl.

rftft iðv uDdhkfh²¿fq sjfb ufqofv mfQn sjse sbWqf ³hL bq. jfvB, kfsk iðv jó rq. zfv snƒ ubA snƒ jfef mfQnsj mxk iðv mfQsnv nfsK kctbf jsv rfvfm htf rsqsY.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, )�7#�7]>l@d�7%>#�>M7� 7+�7 �mM8و�7p>f7א9.7��':.Fb�mM7< 7#�.(� �

zKGf{, iðv uDdhkfh²¿fq pf sjse sbWqf rq, kf mxkfh²¿fq jfefv mskf. (zfrmfl, zfhC lf†l 2858, dkvdmpD 1480, ƒhsb mfufr 3216, lfsvmD, lfvfj¶ck¶bD, rfsjm, hfƒrfj¶D, n} ufsm' 5652bQ)

ƒntfsm iðrkAf ³hL. mfbcsNv JflAöv™i rftft ið dbqdmk pshr jsv


kfv mfQnsj rftft jvf rsqsY. dj§Â kfsj zpKf jó slWqfsj rftft jvf rqdb.�

uD, ydvÛhfb mfbcsNv nfsK skf hseƒ, ið-i[Dv nfsKW n¤ydvÛkf ialwGb jvsh. kshƒ bf rsh zfnt ydvÛhfb.

ofYiftfv nfsK nlfyvB

mrfb zfïfr ofYiftfsj zfmfslv ubA nxdó jsvsYb. kfsk vsqsY zfmfslv uDhsbfijvB W v¢pD, kfsk vsqsY zfmfslv ið-i[Dv sJfvfj. kfsk vsqsY zfmfslv zdÆsub ³kdvv jfvJfbf, pf dbv§Àv hAhrfv j'sv zfmvf uDhbLfvB jvdY. zfv kfv Yfqfsk vsqsY iafBDv zfvfm-dhwafm.

nckvfQ kfv nfsK nlfyvB mfsb dbsuv uDhsbv nfsK nlfyvB. kfsj h]fyfsbf mfsb dbsuv uDhbsj h]fyfsbf. nc¦lv uDhbpfib jvfv ubA idvshw nc¦lv jvsk rst ofYiftfv iadk pkhfb rWqf ydvÛhfsbv ˆjde n¤ydvÛkf.

ofY tfofsbfv Èv¢k¶ zfsvfi j'sv mrfbhD � hstsYb, �u>�7+F$�mMF@->�و7"< �7<�א��Fd�@M7��8�#7;>�(9ن>((>�Fb�<9ن,Fb�7ع�Fl7<ن>�א�F$��F��7م'�@R7&�)م�'�R/�(��87+��7.�7�9�<r7&�<�7�y7 �Fb.((� �

ªdjqfmk jfsqm rsq sostW skfmfslv jfsvf rfsk pdl sjfb ofsYv yfvf Kfsj ˆhQ sn kf ˆv zfsoƒ svfib jvsk n[m rq, ksh spb kf svfib j'sv sIst.« (zfrmfl 12981, hcJfvDv zflfh 479, nrDùt ufsm' 1424bQ)

ofY tfofsbfv mfrfk¹A hBGbf j'sv dkdb hstsYb, �و1�F��mMFd7��73��7#7:��#<!>1:��:�9ق�7وFu��7#�7�>u@$�:1<!>#�:1F��mMFd7�73��7#7�نr7&��<�F|�Ke9)�7>�9س:�#:�>�<-�#<%>�7#�«�7�FuF$�:]:�8#�7<!>1:�א��':.Fb�:1F��mMFd7�73��7#7و�>;F�FuF$�:�< Kl�7א�':.Fb�:1F��MFd7�73�Fe7و�:�: ��Fu��:1�F�نF$�Ke9)��7+��7\��&�7>ز7mMFd7�73«�.� �

ªsp sjfb mcndtm pJb sjfb ofY tfofq zk}iv kf rsk pf (ifJD, mfbcN zKhf ið äfvf kfv It ƒkAfdl) JfWqf rq, kf kfv ubA nljfr öv™i rq. kfv mLA rsk pf ycdv rsq pfq, kfW kfv ubA nljfr öv™i rq, drQna iafBDvf pf Jfq, kfW kfv ubA nljfr öv™i rq ˆhQ sp sj… kf (hAhrfv) äfvf …ijxk rq, kfW kfv ubA nljfr öv™i rq.« (mcndtm 4050, ofqfkct mfvfm 158bQ)

dj§Â zfibfv pdl hx[svfisbv [mkf bf Kfsj zKhf zhnv bf Kfsj zKhf ufqof bf Kfsj, kfrst z§Àk}is[ ˆkecjc n¤ydvÛkf skf ialwGb jvsk


zhwAƒ ifvshb sp, zfidb sjfb ofY ziasqfusb bó jvshb bf, jvsk slshb bf zKhf sjfb mvsk pfWqf ofY nfmfbA ifdb dlsq nÓDdhk jvshb.

bsy{ mrfbhD �-ˆv nkjGhfBD ðbcb, dkdb hstsYb, �»<%7#�7]FlFd�<�>��7��7�8'73�:1K17�$7:�א��>b�9��.�»א�!8� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ (JfsmfJf) sjfb jct ofY sjse sItsh (sp ofsYv dbsy mcnfdIv hf ið-i[D Yfqf oarB jvk), sn hAdÙÁv mfKfsj zfïfr snfuf ufrfâfsm dbs[i jvshb.« (zfhC lf†l 5241bQ)

lcÇydvsÛv nfsK n¤ydvÛkf

êf ˆjde jdEb dhNq. sj… zfibfv nfsK Jfvfi hAhrfv jvt, zfv zfidb kfv nfsK Hfstf hAhrfv jvshb.

sj… zfibfv iadk dhsäNHfh vfsJ, zfidb kfv snhf jv¢b, kfv svfoDsj rfnifkft dbsq pfb, kfv dhisl-zfisl nfrfpA jv¢b, kfsj ˆjef yfjdv j'sv slb, kfviv slJcb muf. ksh ˆjf§À ³LpGwDt YfVf zbA sj… kf jvsk n[m rsh bf.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }��m�77��7��:17אو!< 7 >!�F}7و7"7"��>XKذ7א�א�,Fb�:%7�<+$�7p>f�p>K��>"�<]Fb<אد�@M7~? �و�Fe7/�7>7'��9אM7!7�72�@�و�Fe7א��8

9)��7f�KRF�:&��7#7�7�73�7:وא�و%&>XKא��Ke9)��7f�KRF�:&��7#7و�\- >�7+�¹p>�718:�و�AFu�- >z7��¤7+ذ:و��Ke{�� zKGf{, Hft W m¦l nmfb rsk ifsv bf. …{jxó äfvf m¦l iadkrk jv;

kfrst pfslv nfsK skfmfv wÛ¢kf zfsY, sn rsq pfsh z§ÀvÌ hácv mk. ˆ ydvsÛv zdLjfvD sjht kfvfƒ rq pfvf SLpGwDt, ˆ ydvsÛv zdLjfvD kfvfƒ rq, pfvf mrfHfoAhfb. pdl wqkfsbv jcm§ÃBf skfmfsj iasvfdyk jsv, ksh zfïfrv jfsY zfwaq iafKGbf jv. dbÇyq dkdb nhGswafkf, nhGÎ. (nCvf rf-mDm nfulfr 34-36 zfqfk)

sj… zfibfv drQnf jsv, zfibfv Hfstf JfWqf, Hfstf ivf, HfstfHfsh ytf iY¦l jsv bf. nmKG rst kfv ubA zKG hAq jv¢b. kfv dhisl kfsj nfrfpA jv¢b, kfsj ‡Blfb jv¢b, dhdHâ …its[A …irfv dlb, kfviv idvBfm slJcb. kJb db¦lf iawQnfq idvBk rsh. OxBf Hfstfhfnfq hlst pfsh. pk dlsk ifvshb, kk Hfstf rshb zfidb. zfv sp Hfstfhfnf slWqf-sbWqfv dHdÙsk rq, sn Hfstfhfnf slWqf-sbWqf há rstƒ zyt rsq pfsh. dEj ˆjde ƒdÓsbv mskf, u¶ftfdb swN, skf odkW swN.

ksh m¦lstfsjv m¦l sKsj, zdbójfvD stfsjv zdbó sKsj h]fysk zfidb


dlsq pfb. slJshb, zfibfv …ijfv jvsk bf ifvstW zijfv jvsY bf, iawQnf bf jvstW zfibfv iawQnfq kfv ofsq u¶ftf LvsY bf. ksh ˆsjhfsv sbmjrfvfm rst zftflf jKf.

sp zfk¹Dq zfibfsj yfq bf, kfsj zfidb yfb. sp zfibfv háb dYâ jvsk yfq, kf zece vfJfv syóf j'sv pfb. zfibfv nfsK sn lchGAhrfv jvst zfidb näAhrfv j'sv pfb. zfidb mrfb iadkiftsjv i[ sKsj nfrfpAiafå rshb.

zfhC ùvfƒvf � rsk hdBGk, ˆj hAdÙÁ htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfv djYc zfk¹Dq zfsY, zfdm kfslv nfsK zfk¹Dqkf hufq vfdJ, zfv kfvf dYâ jsv. zfdm kfslv nfsK näAhrfv jdv, zfv kfvf zfmfv nfsK lchGAhrfv jsv. kfvf jó dlst zfdm nrA jdv, zfv kfvf zfmfv nfsK mCsJGv zfyvB jsv.' dkdb htstb,

�))<%>~F��7;<!@u��7�Fu�7;�@d�،�8�ACFb�7��<-:.£y>�:/�8�7� >.F¬��<-9.9¦\�א�<�#<7v7&�F}7�7#�7%אل:�و�Fe7،�א��F�7��7#��)).ذ�<{��F�7��Fد:#>;7 �

ªpdl kf-ƒ rq, kfrst kcdm spb kfslv mcsJ ovm Yfƒ dbs[i jvY (zKGf{, ˆ jfsu kfvf sofbfrofv rq.) ˆhQ skfmfv nfsK zfïfrv i[ sKsj kfslv dhv¢sÝ nfrfpAjfvD Kfjsh; pk[B ipG§À kcdm ˆv …iv zdhyt Kfjsh.« (mcndtm 6689bQ)

zHû hAdÙÁ mCJG rst kfsj huGb jv¢b. ˆdVsq ytfv syóf nsÙ¶W zfibfv [dk jvst [mfwDtkf ialwGb jv¢b. spsrkc mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw,


mCJGslvsj ˆdVsq yt.« (zf'vfI } 199) zfhC ùvfƒvf � hstb, ˆj shlc„b mnduslv dHksv ianafh j'sv dlt.

nckvfQ stfsjvf kfsj Lmj slWqfv ubA …sE lf]Vft. bhD � htstb, 8�7��،�#7��#<%>�ذF$��"':�7و>�،��7#��F�7��>�<'7">1��<S7��<%>#و$7�R&9@'א�د�7:'�:((��,Fb�<-:<=>�:"�7%&9�?�7 :#��-�F�7و��)).#:��7?�9&�7%/:�>�7=:'א �

ªWsj sYsV lfW ˆhQ ianafshv …iv ˆj hftdk ifdb sTst lfW. sjbbf skfmfslvsj nru bDdk zhtìb jvfv ubA ifEfsbf rsqsY, jsEfv bDdk zhtìb jvfv ubA ifEfsbf rqdb.« (hcJfvD 220, 6128bQ)

znHA stfj rst kfv nfsK snZubAmCtj hAhrfv jv¢b. sn znHA hst


kfv nfsK znHAkf jvshb bf. jfvB kfsk zfibfv n©mfb h]fyfsbf lfq rsh.

zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, ˆj zHû hAdÙÁ zfïfrv bhD �-ˆv nfsK nf[f{ jvsk yfƒt. bhD �-ˆv jfsY Jhv sost dkdb htstb, ªhfsu stfj!« kfviv kfsj iashw jvfv zbcmdk dlstb. sn pJb hnt, kJb bhD � kfv nfmsb JcwD iajfw jvstb ˆhQ bmaHfsh jKf htsk tfostb. zk}iv stfjde yst sost zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) k]fsj htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb kfv n©isjG ˆƒ ˆƒ (jcm§ÀhA) jvstb. kfviv sn pJb dHksv ˆt, kJb kfv nfmsb JcwD iajfw jvstb ˆhQ bmaHfsh jKf htsk tfostb!' zfïfrv vnCt � htstb,

�»�7&�@M7�>��7��8�8�7(9نa�9א�!8�س�MF�9v<!7#�7�<!>��>1K7'>م�7א��&�>M7#�7 >R�و>�و7د1�7�7:��%�7#>��אF$��:1�Fu7�7/��:��7א�!�8�س��FR?/א�>1>�<2@b«�.� �

ªsr zfsqwf! djqfmskv dlb zfïfrv dbje nhGfsi[f dbjxómfsbv hAdÙÁ snƒ rsh, pfsj mfbcN kfv zw½Dtkf sKsj h]fyfv ubA huGb j'sv Kfsj.« (hcJfvD 6054, 6131, mcndtm 6761bQ)

� �wÛ¢v nfsK n¤ydvÛkf

zfidb zfibfv wÛ¢v dhv¢sÝ wdÙÁ iasqfo j'sv dhuq tfH jvfv yfƒsk HdÙÁ iasqfo j'sv mb uq jvf shdw …ijfvD. pdlW snef jdEb, ksh ndròcslv ubA zdk nru. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}��m�77��7��:17אو!< 7 >!�F}7و7"7"��>XKذ7א�א�,Fb�:%7�<+$�7p>f�p>K��>"�<]Fb<אد�@M7~? �و�Fe7/�7>7'��9אM7!7�72�@�و�Fe7א��8KRF�:&��7#7و�\- >�7+�¹p>�718:�و�AFu�- >z7��¤7+ذ:و��Ke9)��7f�KRF�:&��7#7�7�73�7:وא�و%&>XKא��Ke9)��7f�{��

zKGf{, Hft W m¦l nmfb rsk ifsv bf. …{jxó äfvf m¦l iadkrk jv; kfrst pfslv nfsK skfmfv wÛ¢kf zfsY, sn rsq pfsh z§ÀvÌ hácv mk. ˆ ydvsÛv zdLjfvD sjht kfvfƒ rq pfvf SLpGwDt, ˆ ydvsÛv zdLjfvD kfvfƒ rq, pfvf mrfHfoAhfb. (nCvf rf-mDm nfulfr 34-36 zfqfk)

wÛ¢v nfsK [mfwDtkf iasqfo jv¢b, kfrst zfidb dbÇyq n{jmGwDt ncydvÛhfb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

7 >¤�Fو7א��b�7<��9%7��7א�!8�س�9و7א�@�&:2<�_�א�@2>�<!��7{r�7א��>�>¬�FCאن��[�}�و7א�� ]4�:١٣٤ل��zKGf{, (snƒ LmGHDv¢slv ubA shsrñX ia²Âk vfJf rsqsY, pfvf n¤Yt W


zn¤Yt zh²¿fq lfb jsv,) sÛÁfL nQhvB jsv ˆhQ mfbcNsj [mf jsv Kfsj. zfv zfïfr (dhðÝdyÙ) n{jmGwDtslvsj Hfthfsnb. (nCvf zfst ƒmvfb 134 zfqfk)

zfv [mf jvsk ifsv ³LpGwDtƒ. ³LpGLfvB j'sv [mf jvf hV lxP nQjs¬iv jfu. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}�9��<%>��v7>م�9א�@#:'F��F}>�7�7(ن�8ذ�FyF|7�7�7�73و�<%�F�7و�{�]�i��]٤٣:�א��' �zKGf{, zhwAƒ sp ³LpG LfvB jsv ˆhQ [mf jsv, dbÇyq kf lxP-nQjs¬iv

jfu. (nCvf wCvf 43 zfqfk) zfv ƒntfsmv ˆj mrfb bDdkƒ rt,

}>X:G�7'y7��و�7א<�:#$�>��)��١٩٩(}אf�7S�<�<�7��7%�9و�F$7>�9ض>�"<��:�>'��א��א �ªkcdm [mfwDtkfv bDdk zhtìb jv, n{jfsuv dbslGw lfW ˆhQ

mCJGslvsj ˆdVsq yt.« (zf'vfI } 199) wÛ¢v nfsK …ÙÁ n¤ydvÛkf iasqfo jvst kfv ncIt t[A jv¢b. ufshv � rsk hdBGk, dkdb bhD �-ˆv nsÌ bfuXslv (hkGmfsb dvqfp

zÑt) dlsj durfsl vWbf rstb. pJb vfnCtcïfr � (hfVD) dIvsk tfostb, kJb dkdbW kf]v nsÌ dIvstb. (vf²Àfq) iaycv jf]efofY Hvf ˆj …ikAjfq k]fslv lcicsvv dhwafm sbWqfv nmq rt. nckvfQ vfnCtcïfr � (dhwafsmv ubA) sbsm iVstb ˆhQ (nfrfhDoBW) ofsYv Yfqfv sJf]su kf]vf dhd[å rsq sostb. vfnCtcïfr � ˆjde hfhtfv ofsYv bDsy zhkvB jvstb ˆhQ kfsk öDq kvhfdv Ucdtsq dlstb, zfv zfmvf z¬i[sBv ubA Ocdmsq sotfm. zk}iv rEf{ (zfmvf ðbtfm sp,) vfnCtcïfr � zfmfslvsj FfjsYb. snJfsb slJtfm sp, ˆjub shlc„b kf]v jfsY vsqsY. dkdb htstb, ªzfmfv Ocsmv zh²¿fq ˆƒ hAdÙÁ zfmfv kvhfdv Jcst zfmfv …iv Lsv zfsY. zk}iv zfdm pJb ufotfm, kJb kvhfdvJfdb kfv rfsk Jctf zh²¿fq slJtfm. (kfviv) sn zfmfsj htt, `zfmf rsk skfmfsj (zfu)sj hf]yfsh?' zfdm httfm, `zfïfr!' ˆ jKf zfdm dkbhfv httfm.« dkdb kfsj sjfb wfd²À dlstb bf. zk}iv dkdb hsn sostb. (zKhf sn hsn sot.)

zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY ufshv hstb sp, zfmvf `pfkcv dvj¶f'sk vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv nsÌ dYtfm. zk}iv (dIvfv nmq) pJb zfmvf Ob Yfqfdhdwó ˆjde ofsYv jfsY ˆtfm, kJb kf vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv ubA sYsV dltfm. (dkdb dhwafm jvsk tfostb.) ƒdkmsLA ˆjub mcwdvj ˆt. zfv vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv kvhfdv ofsY Uctfsbf dYt. kfviv sn kf (Jfi sKsj) shv j'sv htt,


`kcdm zfmfsj Hq jvY?' dkdb htstb, ªbf.« sn htt, `skfmfsj zfmfv rfk sKsj sj hf]yfsh?' dkdb htstb, ªzfïfr.«

zfhC hfjXv ƒnmf„tDv `nrDr' oas§¿v hBGbfq zfsY, sn htt, `zfmfv rfk sKsj skfmfsj sj hf]yfsh?' dkdb htstb, ªzfïfr.« hBGbfjfvD hstb, kfviv kfv rfk sKsj kvhfdvde isV sot. zk}iv vfnCtcïfr � kvhfdvJfdb kcst dbsq htstb, ª(ˆhfv) skfmfsj zfmfv rfk sKsj sj hf]yfsh?« sn htt, `kcdm …Ùm kvhfdvLfvj rsq pfW.' zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªkcdm dj nf[A dl¤Y sp, zfïfr YfVf sj… (nkA) …ifnA sbƒ ˆhQ zfdm zfïfrv vnCt?« sn htt, `bf. dj§Â zfdm skfmfv jfsY zÌDjfv jvdY sp, skfmfv dhv¢sÝ jJsbf tVshf bf. zfv zfdm snƒ n©ialfsqvW nfK slshf bf, pfvf skfmfv dhv¢sÝ tVsh.' nckvfQ dkdb kfv iK sYsV dlstb. zk}iv sn kfv nÌDslv dbje ˆsn htt, `zfdm skfmfslv dbjse nshGfÙm mfbcsNv jfY sKsj ˆtfm.' (hcJfvD 2910, mcndtm 6090, dmwjfk 5304-5305bQ)

lqfv bhD � kfsj mfI j'sv dlstb. Ist sn mcntmfb rsq sot. zbA hBGbf msk sn mcntmfb rqdb; dj§Â zÌDjfvhÝ rt sp, sn k]fv dhv¢sÝ sjfbÛÁsmƒ zfv pcÝ jvsh bf. (zfrmfl 14335, hcJfvD 4139, mcndtm 1986, bfnf„, hfƒrfj¶D, dmwjfk 5305bQ)

zfhC ùvfƒvfr � hstb, ˆjlf vnctcïfr � `bful' zdHmcsJ ˆj zÇhfsvfrD ltsj ifdEsqdYstb. zk}iv kf]vf hbC rfbDIf hQswv ˆjub stfjsj Lsv zfbstb. pfv bfm, `ncmfmfr dhb …nft.' qAfmfmf (hkGmfsb dvqfp) wrvhfnDv dkdb dYstb ˆjub sbkf. kf]sj mnduslv ²ÀýnmCsrv msLA ˆjde ²Àsý nfrfhDvf shs]L dlstb. zk}iv vnCt � kf]v nsÌ hfjAftfsiv usbA shv rstb. dkdb htstb,

@M7#�7�:��7&�FJ7�<!>؟#7�ذ7א�� zKGf{, sr ncmfmfr! zfmfslv n©isjG zfibfv LfvBf jD? …Ùsv dkdb htstb,

��:��&9�:/�7;�<!@u�<��و7(9ن>u��7a��F�7��<->�<!�:/�<->�<!:/�<ذ7א�د7م�و7(9ن�<�:R7/�<�:R7/�<9ن)�\�< 7G�:�8�72:#��7&�i>�<!>�7;<~>a��7#�:1<!>#�F�<�:/�<�7�Fb�77�ل� .א�

zKGf{, zfmfv jfsY zfibfv n©isjG LfvBf Jch …Ùm. pdl zfmfsj zfidb rkAf jsvb, ksh zfdm kfv spfoA (zKGf{, zfmfv mk zivfLDsj rkAf jvsk ifsvb. zKhf zfmfsj Jcb jvst sn Jcsbv hltf sbWqf rsh.) zfv pdl rkAf bf jsv snZubA ialwGb jsvb, ksh zfidb ˆjub jxksÎv iadk snZubA


ialwGb jvshb. zfv pdl mft-Lb yfb, kfrst zfidb pkef yfƒshb, zfibfsj slWqf rsh. ˆƒ …Ùv ðsb dkdb k]fsj sYsV dlstb. (zfv sjfb jKf htstb bf.)

zfhfv zfofmD jft bhD � ˆsn ‰ ˆjƒ iaw jvstb. ncmfmfW …Ùsv kfƒ htstb, pf dkdb iaKm dlsb hstdYstb. ˆ dlb bhD � zfv djYc bf hst yst sostb. kxkDq dlb zfhfv bhD � ˆsn iaKm lc'dlsbv mk iaw jvstb. ncmfmfW …Ùsv iaKm lc'dlsbv …Ùv icbvfhxdÙ jvstb.�� zfusj mrfbhD � nfrfhDslvsj htstb, ncmfmfv hf]Lbef Jcst lfW.

nckvfQ hf]LbmcÙÁ rsq ncmfmf mnduslv dbjehkDG sJucv hfofsb sostb ˆhQ sofnt jvstb. zk}iv dkdb mndusl bhhDsk iashw jsv ifE jvstb,

:1@�':�7��.$F$�:�7.<aFن>��Ke9)�71F�9)�Feא��1K:�وF$�:�7.<aF$7ن#�8:72��8א��7>�:�:�و7 �zKGf{, zfdm nf[A dld¤Y sp, ˆj zfïfr YfVf sjfb nkA mfhCl (iCuA) sbƒ.

zfsvf nf[A dld¤Y sp, mcrf©mfl kf]v hf¦lf W kf]v siadvk vnCt. zKGf{, dkdb mcntmfb rsq sostb.

kfviv m§ÀhA jvstb, sr mcrf©mfl! zfïfrv jnm! ƒdkiCshG zfibfv mcJmàt zfmfv jfsY nhsysq zdiaq dYt, dj§Â zfu zfibfv mcJmàt zfmfv dbje nh sKsj diaq msb rs¤Y. zfïfrv jnm! zfibfv äDb zfmfv dbjse nhsysq zdiaq dYt, dj§Â zfu zfibfv äDbƒ nh sKsj diaq hst msb rs¤Y. zfïfrv jnm! zfibfv wrv zfmfv dbje nh sKsj shwD zdiaq dYt, dj§Â zfu zfibfv wrv zfmfv dbjse nh sysq shwD diaq msb rs¤Y. zfibfv zw¶fsvfrD lt pJb zfmfsj soaIkfv jsv, kJb zfdm …mvf …sÜswA shv rsqdYtfm. ˆ[sB ˆ hAfifsv zfibfv vfq jD? bhD � kf]sj ðH nQhfl dlstb ˆhQ kf]sj …mvf jvfv zbcmdk ialfb jvstb. zbcmdk sisq dkdb …mvf jvfv …sÜswA mÄf zdHmcsJ vWbf rsq sostb ˆhQ pJb mÄfq …id²¿k rstb, kJb ˆjub hAdÙÁ htt, zfidb swN jfst dhLmDG rsq sosYb? …Ùsv htstb, bf, hvQ vnCtcïfr �-ˆv jfsY zfk¹nmiGB jsvdY. sö¤Yfq ƒntfm oarB jsvdY. zfv swfsbf! zfïfrv jnm! zfofmDsk zfmfv ˆtfjf sKsj osmv ˆjef lfbfW skfmfslv ˆJfsb zfnsh bf. pk[B ipG§À zfïfrv vnCt �-ˆv jfsY zbcmdk bf ifWqf pfsh. (hcJfvD 4372, mcndtm 4688bQ)

zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbXrf) ˆjlf bhD �-sj htstb, `zfibfv …iv dj …ùslv dlsbv sysqW jdEb sjfb dlb ˆsnsY?' dkdb htstb, ªzfdm skfmfv


jWm sKsj hù jó sisqdY ˆhQ nhsysq shdw jó zfj¶fhfv dlb sisqdY, spdlb zfdm dbsusj ƒhsb zfsè ƒqftDt ƒhsb zfsè jctft (k¶fsqsIv ˆj hV nlGfv) ˆv …iv (ƒntfsmv dlsj zfrhfb jvfv ubA) siw jsvdYtfm. sn zfmfv lfWqfk oarB jvt bf. nckvfQ zfdm dyd§Àk rsq ytsk ðv¢ jvtfm. kfviv `j¶fvbcn nfzfdth' (hkGmfsb nfƒt jfhDv) bfmj ²¿fsb si]ZYst snJfsb djYc n¶d²À zbcHh jvtfm. zfdm (zfjfswv dlsj) mfKf …dEsq slJsk sitfm sp, ˆjef smOJà zfmfv …iv Yfqf j'sv zfsY. zk}iv oHDv lxdósk slJtfm, kfsk duhaf„t vsqsYb. dkdb zfmfsj sFsj htstb, `zfibfv j…m zfibfsj sp jKf hstsY ˆhQ kfvf zfibfsj sp uhfh dlsqsY, kf nhƒ mrfb zfïfr ðsbsYb. zk}iv dkdb zfibfv dbje ihGkmftfv dIdvñfsj ifdEsqsYb, spb zfidb kf]sj kfslv (k¶fsqIhfnDslv) hAfifsv pf ƒ¤Yf zfslw slb.' zk}iv ihGkmftfv dIdvñf zfmfsj zfWqfu dlstb ˆhQ zfmfsj nftfm dlsq htstb, `sr mcrf©mfl! zfibfv jWm zfibfsj pf hstsY, kf (nhƒ) mrfb zfïfr ðsbsYb. zfdm rd¤Y ihGkmftfv dIdvñf. zfmfv iaHc zfmfsj zfibfv dbje ifdEsqsYb, spb zfidb zfmfsj kfslv hAfifsv (sjfb) dbslGw slb. nckvfQ zfidb jD yfb? zfidb yfƒst, zfdm (mÄfv) hV hV ifrfV lc'desj kfslv …iv yfdisq slh.' (ˆ jKf ðsb) bhD � htstb, ª(ˆmb jfu jvshb bf) hvQ zfdm zfwf jvdY sp, mrfb zfïfr kfslv ixôslw sKsj ˆmb stfsjv zfdhHGfh Oefshb, pfvf ˆj zfïfrv …ifnbf jvsh ˆhQ kf]v nfsK sjfb dudbnsj wvDj jvsh bf.« (hcJfvD 3231, mcndtm 4754bQ)

ƒhsb mfn†l � hstb, zfdm spb (ˆJsbf) vfnCtcïfr �-sj bhDslv msLA ˆj bhDv Oebf hBGbf jvsk slJdY, kf]v n©ialfq kf]sj vÙÁfÙÁ j'sv dlsqsY, zfv dkdb kf]v syrfvf sKsj vÙÁ mcYsYb ˆhQ htsYb,

�:'ن�7((�F�<�7&�Fe�<-:.8�,Fb؛��p>#<'FR>��<�>y|�8א-:.Kא��.((� �ªsr zfïfr! kcdm zfmfv n©ialfqsj [mf j'sv lfW. sjbbf kfvf zÎ.«

(hcJfvD 3477, 6929, mcndtm 4747bQ) zfv wÛ¢is[v ubA ˆƒ [mfwDtkf iasqfsov Ist It jk nc¦lv rsqsY

kf ƒntfm ianfsvv ƒdkrfsn jfsvf zufbf bq. zfv [mf jvfv Itwa¢dksk [mf tfH jvf skf zfsYƒ. [mfwDt ydvÛhfb

kfv zfOfkjfvD lcwmbsjW [mf j'sv mrfb iadkiftsjv [mftfH jvsk ifsv. mrfbhD � hstsYb,


))<%>#��7#��:x7��:¢7�<S:&�p>b�>�>�7�7x�M7+7א�>x�:8�7�77ق Fb��7.>"��K�9)�7�KyFu�:1K1<�/8�7�7ق7#�7��=>�#7<��7!>1:�א��>".((� �ªsp hAdÙÁv slr (jfsvf zkAfyfsvv Ist) [kdh[k rq, zk}iv kf sn

nljf jsv slq, (zKGf{, zkAfyfvDsj [mf jsv slq) zfïfr kfzftf zbcv™i kfv ifi Jàb jsv slb spv™i sn ([mf ialwGb jsv sp idvmfsB) nljf jsv Kfsj.« (zfrmfl 22701, 22792, nrDùt ufsm' 5712bQ)

wÛ¢ hstƒ kfv iadk zbAfqfyvB jvf ³hL bq ƒntfsm. ƒntfmD n¤ydvÛkf rt, lcwmb rstW kfv nfsK ƒbnfI jvsk rsh. ˆ hAifsv mrfb iadkiftsjv dbslGw rt,

}Fe7و�<-@C8!7#9�<S7&�:7!�7نaم�<'Fdن�F$�<-@u7%�73�9_و��>�>S<�7��א��'�)��٢(}/�7>�7:وא�$Fن�א7�72�אم�9א� �ªskfmfslvsj idhÛ mndusl hfLf slhfv Ist sjfb n©ialfsqv iadk dhsäN

skfmfslvsj spb jJbƒ nDmftQOsb iasvfdyk bf jsv.« (mfdqlfr } 2) zKGf{, mcwdvjvf skfmfslvsj 6ô druvDsk mndusl rfvfsm spsk hfLf

ialfb jsvdYt. nckvfQ kfslv hfLflfsbv jfvsB skfmvf kfslv nfsK nDmftQObmCtj W zbAfq zfyvB jvsh bf.

wÛ¢slv nfsKW ³LpG W [mfwDtkf zhtìsbv nhj W dw[f slWqf rsqsY …ÙÁ zfqfsk. mrfb zfïfr zfsvf ±ió j'sv hstsYb,

}�7&��7._&F$�7%&>XKא�7#4!:'א�א�':�'@u�7�>#8א'Fd�>1��>��7�7א.:a�>�<�>R��>"�Fe7و�<-@C8!7#9�<S7&�:7!�7نa��م<'�Fd��F�7��KeF$��7@'ن�7"<��7G��7<¦\�א��71(9ن�8א��71و7א/R8@'א��<�f�:�7�dF$�i7'R8:'�7א�>�<�@'א�/�7>�<�@'א<�٨(}/�7�(��א��' �

ªsr dhÇhfdnoB! skfmvf zfïfrv …sÜswA (rsjv …iv) lxP iadkdôk (ˆhQ) bAfqivfqBkfv nfsK nf[Alfkf rW. sjfb n©ialfsqv iadk dhsäN skfmfslvsj spb jJbW ncdhyfv bf jvfsk iasvfdyk bf jsv. ncdhyfv jv, êf zfk¹nQpsmv dbjekv ˆhQ zfïfrsj Hq jv. skfmvf pf jv, zfïfr kfv Jhv vfsJb.« (mfdqlfr } 8)

…ÙÁ nlfyvsBv u¶t§À lxóf§À vsqsY dbsmv jsqjde Oebfq }- (1) däkDq JtDIf rpvk …mfsvv pco. icÛ zfècv vrmfb zfsnm ƒùlDv W

kf]v nÌDv nsÌ UoVf jvsk jvsk rkAf jsv sIstb. klfbD§Àb dmnsvv oHGbv zfmXv¢hbct zf'snv dbje dhyfsvv ubA smfjfÜfmf siw jvf rt. dkdb zfmDv¢t mc'smbDsbv icÛ hst dhyfsv ˆjec dwdKtkf ialwGb jvstb.

Jhvde yst sot mlDbf bosv öqQ zfmDv¢t mc'dmbDsbv lvhfsv. Jhv ðsb dkdb ÛÁcÝ rsq dydE dtJstb, zfmXv¢hbct zfn! kcdm zfsnm ƒùlD W zfècv vrmfsbv msLA dj dhyfv jsvY? kcdm ƒbnfsIv nsÌ jfu jvdb. kcdm dj ufsbf bf sp, mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,


}7�>l>�R:��א��)��٤٢(}(9ن�8א��71&:2<�_�א�'� zKGf{, mrfb zfïfr zhwAƒ ƒbnfIjfvDslvsj iY¦l jsvb. (mfsqlfr 42) zfïfr zfsvf hstsYb,

��א�!�2)��٩٠(}(9ن�8א��A7&�71#:�:�"<��7��>ل�9و7א]9+>�7�ن9{'�� zKGf{, zfïfr kfzftf ƒbnfI jvsk W snZubA ialwGb jvfv ubA dbslGw lfb

jsvsYb. (nCvf bfrXt 90 zfqfk) zbAÛ zfïfr kfzftf hstsYb,

}i7'R8�>��:�7�dF$�7':fא��)��٨(}א�>�<�@'א��'�� zKfG{, skfmvf ƒbnfI jsvf, ƒbnfI jvf rs¤Y kfj¶Wqfr W ivsrpofvDv

ubA shwD dbjehkDG h²Â. (nCvf mfsqlfr 8bQ zfqfk) kcdm zfïfr kfzftfv ˆƒ nh dbslGwhfBDÈdt Hcst soY?! ˆ ubA skfmfsj

ƒr-ivjfst uhfhdlrD jvsk rsh. kcdm ˆ jKf Hcst spsqf bf sp, ˆ pco nkkf W bAfqkfv pco. sYfe-hV, …]yc-bDyc hst sjfb sHlfsHl sbƒ.

iÛ sisq (zfiDtbfmf) dmnv oHbGv icbhGfv ncdbdÇykHfsh ndEj W nC[¹Hfsh nmcdyk dhyfv jvstb. (ufsm…t mfbfsj¶h 144ix})

(2) nb 19 druvD. mcndtmvf ƒõf¦lfdvqf uqtfH jvstb. OebfysÛÁ snJfsb vfudouGftsq rpvk „nf -ˆv mCdkGv y[csk uSbj mcndtm dnifrDv kDv dosq tfso. dJaófbvf d[å rsq mcntmfbslv oHbGv zfmXv¢hbct zfsnv dbjse smfjfÜfmf dbsq …id²¿k rt. kfvf nmösv htt, skfmfslv bhDv mCdkG lfW. zfmvfW kDv smsv iadkswfL oarB jvh. …Ùsv oHbGv htstb, zfmfslv bhDv skf mCdkG sbƒ Hfƒ nh! pJb HctÛÁsm Oebfef Oseƒ sosY, kJb zfmfslv msLA ˆjub uDdhk nfrfhDv y[csk kDv smsv iadkswfL oarB jv.

ˆjub Jxófb SkvD rsq sot. ˆJb y[c slsh sj? oHbGv Hfhstb zfdmW skf bhD �-ˆv ˆjub nfrfhD. zfmfv y[csk bhD jvDm �-ˆv zhqh, kfv zfjxdk zf]jf zfsY. kfƒ dkdb zbA sjfb nfrfhDsj djYc bf hst dkdb dbsuƒ htstb, zfmfv y[csk kDv dhÝ jv.

ˆƒ zHCkiChG dbslGsw kfvf dhdn¹k rt. kDv mfvsk ifvt bf. hvQ kfvf ƒntfsmv ncwDkt Yfqfkst zfwaq oarB jvt. (kfvDsJ dmnXv, mczfdïI zfêfn zftD, jfqsvfv Yfif 94 ix})

pcsÝ mcndtmslv spmb djYc stfj zfrk-dbrk rsqsYb, JaDófbslvW skmdb hù stfj zfrk W dbrk rsqsY. pcsÝv isv pJb zdHspfo lfsqv jvf rt, kJb oHbGsvv …lfvkfv jfsY zfhfv kfvf ivfuq öDjfv jvt. njstƒ


jstmf ifE jsv mcndtm rWqfv snZHfoA zuGb jvt. (3) hflwfr rfv¢b vwDl. icÛ zfmDb. hqn 14 hYv. ˆjlf dwjfsv dosq

HctÛÁsm kfv kDv ˆjub ƒùlD icsÛv rfsk stso uJm jsv slq. ƒùlD dhyfsvv ubA hfolfl bosv siZ]Yt hflwfrv lvhfsv. hflwfr zbcnáfb dbsq ufbsk ifvstb sp, hAfifvef HctÛÁsmƒ rsqsY. dj§Â ƒùlDv dhhvB nkA. JtDIf mDmfQnf dlstb sp, zfmfv djìf icsÛv rfsk kDv smsv iadkswfL sbWqfv zdLjfv skfmfslvsj dld¤Y. skfmfv pf ƒ¤Yf ---. ˆsk ƒùlD dhsmfdrk rt. (OebfÈdt mfdnj …lGc idÛjf kKf …²Àfp zfècv v†I wfmDm nfsrshv `hÙÁxkf-nýfv' sKsj nQoxrDk)

i[f§Àsv wÛ¢i[ mcndtmslv vÙÁdiqfnD rst, kfslv nfsKW pKfKG nlfyvB vsqsY. pcsÝv mqlfsb wÛ¢is[v nfsK hAhrfsvv nc¦lv vDdk vsqsY ƒntfsm.

durfl mfsbƒ mfbcN Jcb bq. durfl ˆj nQoafm, pfv äfvf mfbcNsj ndEj isK dIdvsq zfbsk rq. dj§Â pfvf ndEj isKv dhsvfdLkf j'sv mcndtmslv dhv¢sÝ pcÝ jvsh, kfslv dhv¢sÝ durfl jvsh mcndtmvf. zfv sn durfslW vsqsY ƒntfsmv dhdHâ mfbdhj nlfyvB }-

1. pfsj rkAf jvf rsh, vfo dmefhfv ubA kfsj dbsq bfbf zkAfyfsvv sJtf sJtf pfsh bf. vsq-hsn lsÊ lsÊ bfbf jó dlsq kfsj mfvf rsh bf. mxkcAv zfso wÛ¢v sjfb zÌ sjse kfsj jó slWqf zKhf mxkcAv isv kfv sjfb zÌ sjse ofsqv Uft UfVf ShL jmG bq.

Jcb jvsk rst, kfsj zfvfmsn Jcb jvsk rsh. mckcAƒ pdl hfdÒk rq, kfrst nvfndv mxkcAv lvufsk nk¶v si]ZsY slWqfƒ hfÒbDq.

lqfv bhD � hstb, �))��Fdذ7א�,Fb�،��<p7a�?�@u��F�7��7�7�7א]+>�7�نFu��AFb�-:��7+>��<!:'א�א��M�F�<>R،�و7(9ذ7א�ذ7"27>�:->��(ن�8א

�:1772 �)).AFb+>�<!:'א�א��FM72<"?X،�و�7 :�17/7�y7a�<-@u:�7+F$�8�>2،�و7� :�9¢�ذ7"< �ªdbÇyq zfïfr iadkde jfusj …Ùmv™si (zKhf zbcoasrv nfsK) n©iflb

jvfefsj Ivp j'sv dlsqsYb. nckvfQ skfmvf pJb (jf…sj) rkAf jvsh, kJb HftHfsh rkAf jsvf ˆhQ pJb (ið) uhfƒ jvsh, kJb HftHfst uhfƒ jsvf. iaskAj hAdÙÁv …dyk, sn spb dbu Ycdv Lfvft jsv sbq ˆhQ pshrspfoA iðsj zfvfm slq.« (zKGf{ uhfƒ-ˆv jfu la¢k n©iâ jsv.) (mcndtm 5167bQ)

2. durfsl hxÝ, bfvD, dwð, HxkA, zá, iflvD, iaHxdk znfmdvj dbvivfL mfbcN Jcb jvf pfsh bf.

3. ziasqfusb ofY-iftf, It-Int bó W ið rkAf jvf pfsh bf.


4. sjfb Ov-hfdV W …ifnbftq L¶Qn jvf pfsh bf. 5. ycdÙÁhÝ mfbcsNv ycdÙÁ HÌ jvf pfsh bf. ycdÙÁhÝ mfbcNsj rkAf jvf pfsh

bf. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

}��7f�7��7%&>XKא��Ke9)��<-9.< �F�9)א�'_�>/FAFb��7א�+F$�<-@C< F�7وא��:�>f�Fz:&�<-F�7و��~< 7a�<-@u':�@R!7&�<-F��8-:��7�>u9�<�:��/_-�#?�7%א�7�>R8:� )�٤(}��F�9)�<-:f7�<.7#:�8/<.9->�(9ن�8א��71&:2<�_�א�

zKGf{, ksh zQwDhflDslv msLA pfslv nfsK skfmvf ycdÙÁsk zfhÝ W isv pfvf skfmfslv ycdÙÁ v[fq sjfb Û¢de jsvdb ˆhQ skfmfslv dhv¢sÝ jf…sjW nfrfpA jsvdb, skfmvf kfslv nfsK dbdlGó dmqfl ipG§À ycdÙÁ iftb jv. dbÇyq zfïfr nfhLfbDslvsj Hfstfhfsnb. (nCvf kfWhfr 4 zfqfk)�

zfïfrv vnCt � hstb, ))<%7#�7�7Fd��y7��7א��f�7�:#�<-F��9�7&<¢��FM�72>7א��>M�8!7S��7��و7(9ن�8א.F�9��:��7x': F��<%�>#��>�7¦>��7#��7��>�7"<�F$��#�7�.((� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb (mcndtm vfsóº hnhfnjfvD) dp©mD (zKhf ndáycdÙÁv iv dhis[v jf…sj) rkAf jvsh sn hAdÙÁ shsrsñv nchfnW ifsh bf. zKy kfv nchfn 40 hYsv zdkÛÁmA lCvhkDG ²¿fb rsk ifWqf pfsh.« (hcJfvD 3166, 6914, ƒhsb mfufr 2686bQ)�

dkdb zfsvf hstb, �7ق�7א�7�7G�7%>#�>M7��Klج%7#�7>«��Fb7و�FM7��7�7S��7אW�7�Fb�7W�7#�M7 >#�M8 >�>f�7x�<%7#7�7�7و/�Fd��7;�<27/��M�7&7א��M8 ?�:��:�7 <r7&��M7�7�7�>��<وF$�':�<�7&��F�9)��M7�7�7��<وF$�<!7&:�:��M7�7�7��7�>@RFb��mM�F�<>RFb��mM�8 >�>f�7x��<%�7#77��7ج��7وG��F�7��>8#@$�:�9�< 7&��7f8�7"��7f7�>x�Fb7و�Fe77��#<%>�&7277�ش�7و.>!>#<o:#�Fe7و��>y7&�i>X>��<.7��:�7��<.7��7T< �F�Fb��?!>#�:;<�F�71:�و<!>#«�.� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ wfnsjv zfbcokA sKsj shv rsq ˆhQ ufmfzfk sKsj ixKj rsq mfvf pfsh sn hAdÙÁ ufsrdtqfskv mvB mvsh.

sp hAdÙÁ zá dIkbfv ikfjfkst (rj-bfrj bf susbƒ) pcÝ jvsh, zá i[ifdkk¶ hf so]fVfdmv Ist ÛÁcÝ rsh zKhf zá i[ifdksk¶v iadk zfrhfb jvsh zKhf zá i[ifdkk¶sj nfrfpA jvsh, zk}iv sn Jcb rst kfv Jcb ufsrdtqfskv Jcb.

zfv sp hAdÙÁ zfmfv …©mskv dhv¢sÝ kvhfdv shv jsv Hfstf-m¦l njt mfbcNsj rkAf jvsh ˆhQ kfv mcdmbsjW rkAf jvsk YfVsh bf, ycdÙÁhÝ


mfbcsNv ycdÙÁW iCvB jvsh bf, sn hAdÙÁ zfmfv ltHcÙÁ bq ˆhQ zfdmW kfv ltHcÙÁ bƒ.« (zfrmfl 7944, mcndtm 4892bQ)

6. wvBfKGDsj rkAf jvf pfsh bf. }��<-:.8�FA�>"�F}>�77!17:�ذ#A7#�:1<r>�<"F$�8-:��>1م�7א��F�Fu�7]7�<�7&��87+�:�<�>xFAFb�FJ7��7S7<�7א��>u9�<�:�و7(9ن>�$F+�7\�#?�7%א�

�:'ن7F�<�7&�Ke�\م<'Fd{)�٦�(M"'`א��'� zKGf{, zQwDhflDslv msLA sj… skfmfv jfsY zfwaq iafKGbf jvst kcdm kfsj

zfwaq lfW pfsk sn zfïfrv hfBD wcbsk ifq. zk}iv kfsj kfv dbvfil ²¿fsb siZ]sY lfW. kf ˆ ubA sp, kfvf zÎ stfj. (nCvf kfWhfr 6 zfqfk)�

mÄf dhusqv dlb …s©m rfbD ˆjub jfsIvsj zfwaq dlst ˆhQ k]fv Hfƒ zftD � kfsj rkAf jvsk yfƒst mrfbhD � hstdYstb, ªkcdm pfsj zfwaq dlsqY, zfmvf kfsj zfwaq dltfm sr …s©m rfbD.« (hcJfvD 3171, mcndtm 1702bQ)

7. durfl ðv¢ jvfv iCshG wÛ¢sj ƒntfm oarB jvfv zKhf hwAkf öDjfv jsv dudpqf zflfq slWqfv iadk zfrhfb ufbfsk rsh.

8. pcÝh¦lDslv iadk mfbdhj zfyvB kKf lqfûGkf ialwGb jvsk rsh. hcvfƒlfr jkGxj hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt � pJb sjfb snbflt hf zdHpfsbv

jf…sj zfmDv dbpcÙÁ jvskb kJb kfsj zfïfrHDdk W kfv mcndtm nÌDslv hAfifsv jtAfsBv zdnqk jvskb; htskb, ªzdHpfb ðv¢ jv zfïfrv bfsm, pcÝ jv jfsIv lstv dhv¢sÝ. zdHpfb jv; djYc zfk¹nf{ jsvf bf, iadkwa¢dk HÌ jsvf bf, jfsvf bfj-jfb sjsef bf, dwwc rkAf jsvf bf . skfmfv sjfb mcwdvj wÛ¢lstv nfsK nf[f{ rst, kfslvsj dkbde zfyvsBv iadk zfrhfb jv. ˆv sp sjfbdeW mfbA jvst kfslv dbje rsk kf oarB jv ˆhQ kfslv dhv¢sÝ pcÝ jvf sKsj dhvk rsq pfW ; kfslvsj ƒntfsmv iadk zfrhfb jv. pdl kfvf kf smsb sbq ksh kfslv dbje rsk kf oarB jv ˆhQ kfslv dhv¢sÝ pcÝ jvf sKsj dhvk rW . zk}iv kfslvsj kfslv öslw rsk mcrfsuvDbslv slsw ²¿fbf§Àdvk rsk zfrhfb jv. kfslvsj ufdbsq lfW sp, pdl kfvf ˆv™i jsv ksh mcrfsuvDbslv sp ncspfo-ncdhLf zfsY, kfslvW snƒ ncspfo-ncdhLf rsh ˆhQ mcrfsuvDbslv sp jkGhA zfsY, kfslvW snƒ jkGhA rsh . pdl kfvf ²¿fbf§Àdvk rsk zn©mk rq, kfrst kfslvsj ufdbsq lfW sp, kfvf mv¢hfnD mcndtmslv mk rsh . kfslv …iv zfïfrv ùjcm (wfnb-hAh²¿f) ytsh, pf mcndtmslv …iv yst. mcndtmslv nis[ pcÝ bf jsv obDmk hf Ìfƒ'-ˆv (pcÝté) djYc mftW kfvf ifsh bf . kfsk (ƒntfm oarB jvsk) pdl kfvf


zn©mk rq, ksh kfslv dbje sKsj dudpqf yfW . kfsk pdl kfvf n©mk rq, ksh kfslv dbje sKsj kf oarB jv ˆhQ kfslv dhv¢sÝ pcÝ jvf sKsj dhvk Kfj. dj§Â kfsk pdl kfvf vfdu bf rq kfrst zfïfrv jfsY nfrfpA iafKGbf jv ˆhQ kfslv dhv¢sÝ pcÝ jv. zfv pJb kcdm sjfb lcoGhfnDsj zhv¢Ý jvsh, kJb pdl kfvf yfq sp, kcdm kfslv ubA zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv dp©mf (nQv[sBv lfdqk¶) ialfb jv kfrst kfslvsj zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv dp©mf dlsqf bf, hvQ kfslvsj skfmfv W skfmfv nÌDslv dp©mf ialfb jsvf . jfvB zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv dp©mf iakAfrfv jvfv sysq skfmfslv dp©mf iakAfrfv jvf zdLj nru . zfv pJb sjfb lcoGhfnDsj zhv¢Ý jvsh, kJb kfvf zfïfrv Ifqnftfq zhkDBG rsk yfƒst kfslvsj zfïfrv Ifqnftfq zhkDBG jsvf bf . hvQ kfslvsj skfmfv dbsuv Ifqnftfq zhkfvB jv . spsrkc kcdm ufb bf sp, kfslv hAfifsv zfïfrv Ifqnftf ndEjHfsh dlsk ifvsh dj bf.« (mcndtm 4619bQ, iamcJ)

ˆ rt ƒntfmD n¤ydvÛkf, pfv Ist wÛ¢ hácsk idvBk rq. pfv ivsw ˆsn ëó mfbcN ndEj isKv dlwf ifq. zfv êfƒ yvm iafiA. mfbcsNv dbje êfƒ jfmA W hfÒbDq.

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zfèct rfmDl zft-IfƒpD zft-mflfbD New... · jvf. sp bfmfsp ydvÛ oEb rq bf, sn bfmfp sjht ˆj iajfv hAfqfm rq. sp pfjfsk idhÛkf zfsn bf, sn pfjfk sjht hAq jvf rq. sp svfpfq ydvÛ