ZINC ADSORPTION IN DIFFERENT CALCAREOUS SOILS

Journal of University of Duhok., Vol. 23, No.2 (Agri. and Vet. Sciences), Pp 118-130, 2020

[email protected] ; [email protected]

118

ZINC ADSORPTION IN DIFFERENT CALCAREOUS SOILS

PAYIZAN IHSAN RAMADHAN and LAZKEEN AHMED MERWEEN MEHMEDANY

Dept. Soil and Water Science, College of Engineering Agriculture Sciences,

University of Duhok, Kurdistan region – Iraq

(Received: July 13, 2020; Accepted for Publication: September 27, 2020)

ABSTRACT

Zinc adsorption was studied for ten selective representative soils according the difference amount of

clay content, calcium carbonate and organic matter in Duhok governorate, Iraqi-Kurdistan region

included (Kanimasi-1&2, Batofa, Zakho, Assih, Semeel, Khanke, Faydi, Zawita and Bamarny locations).

Samples were air dried and sieved through a 2-mm sieve to study the physical and chemical

characteristics of the soils, forms of zinc and it’s adsorption. Results showed the soluble, DTPA

extractable zinc (available), CaCl2 extractable zinc (exchangeable) and total zinc ranged between (0.29 –

0.94), (0.88 – 1.64), (1.71 – 2.05), and (12.25 – 56.15) mg kg-1

respectively. Negative significant correlation

found between soluble zinc with pH, also negative significant correlation found between DTPA extractable

zinc with exchangeable potassium, bicarbonate and available phosphorus but positive significant

correlation found between CaCl2 extractable zinc with pH, total–Zn negatively affected with pH and

positively with HCO3 and sand. Results demonstrated that by increasing added zinc concentration to

studied soil zinc will be adsorbed zinc adsorbed greatly at temperature 25°C and 48°C. In general total

zinc adsorbed at 25C° in six concentrations was less than zinc adsorbed at 48C°. At temperatures 25°C

and 48°C the high total amount of zinc adsorbed found in the soil of Zawita and Zakho respectively, but

the lower total zinc adsorbed observed in soil of Batofa and Kani masi-2. The quantity of adsorption

affected positively by presence of clay, calcium carbonate, active calcium carbonate and cation exchange

capacity and negatively affected by the ion concentration of bicarbonate, calcium, potassium, organic

matter and sand content.

KEYWORDS: Zinc adsorption, temperature effect and forms of Zinc

1. INTRODUCTION

Zinc is one of the eight trace elements that is

essential for the normal growth and reproduction of crop plants, and is required in relatively small

amounts in plant tissues (5-100) mg kg-1

,

however in high concentrations can be toxic (Alloway, 2008; Vodyanitskii, 2010). The plants

that zinc amount in their tissues is lower than 20

ppm, are encountered with zinc deficit (Vitosh et

al., 1994; Marschner, 1995). Zinc plays a vital role in plant including, participation in the

structure of plant enzymes, activating them,

sugar metabolism and synthesis of tryptophan and indole acetic acid (Malakouti et al., 2008).

Deficiency of zinc is a widespread nutritional

problem occurred in calcareous soils (Pilbeam and Barker, 2007). High concentration of

calcium carbonate in soils affects the amount of

zinc that can be extracted from soil (Orabi et al.,

1981).

Widespread zinc fractions are distributed

over five pools, which can be quantified using

sequential or batch fractionation schemes

(Alloway, 2004; Saffari et al., 2009). Generally

these are: (1) Zn in the soil solution, (2)

exchangeable Zn in electrostatic reaction with

soil particles, (3) inorganic Zn associated with secondary minerals such as carbonates or

insoluble metal oxides, (4) organic Zn

complexed, chelated or adsorbed to organic ligands, and (5) residual Zn held in primary

minerals. Great information obtained from these

fractions on the biological, geological and

chemical processes occurring in a soil (Ramzan et al., 2014). Adsorption of zinc includes that

part sorbed by the soil, when Zn is mineralized

from organic material, released from soil minerals, and during irrigation or fertilization

added to the soil. Sorption of Zn by CaCO3 and

precipitation of Zn hydroxides or Zn hydroxyl carbonates are the mechanisms controlling Zn

solubility in calcareous soils (Papadopoulos and

Rowell, 1989). Adsorption of Zn increased with

the increasing in clay and CaCO3 contents (Ashraf et al., 2008). Kiekens, (1980)

demonstrated that two different mechanisms

included in the adsorption of zinc by organic

Me

Text Box

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26682/ajuod.2020.23.2.15



119

matter and clays, one mechanism is intently related to cation exchange, and act basically in

acid conditions and the other mechanism mainly

included complexation and chemisorption by organic ligands, and operates in alkaline

condition.

Zinc hydroxide (ZnOH+) was the solid

precipitate and the dominant zinc ion in alkaline equilibrium solution (Chittamart et al., 2016).

Low total concentration of essential trace

elements in the soil parent material, low availability due to high soil pH and high

concentration of calcium causes to deficient in

crops. High pH increases chemisorption and complexation to organic ligands and forms Zn

hydroxyl carbonate, which is very stable

(Nordberg et al., 2011). Zinc concentration in

soil solution is very low due to high pH, low organic matter, and high calcium carbonate

content in calcareous soils while its total content

in some calcareous soils of southern Iran is usually enough (50–300 mg kg

-1) but; therefore,

the bioavailability of Zn is usually low in these

soils (Padidar, 2015). The amount released of zinc in the soil solution is controlled by the

mechanisms of adsorption, and therefore it could

be directly available to plant roots. Uygur and

Rimmer, (2000) reported that uptake of zinc by plant depends on the release of Zn from the

adsorption surface sites of soil particles or

through the dissolution of mineral Zn-containing. Sorption isotherms provide suitable

information about the capacity of soil retention

and the adsorbed amounts by which the sorbet is

held on to the soil. The aims of this study are to investigate the

forms of Zn in the soil samples, the effect of

temperature and addition of Zn on adsorption phenomena of Zn in soil, and describe

relationship between physicochemical properties

of soils and adsorption, selected adequate amount of addition zinc fertilizer according to

plants requirements.

2. MATERIAL AND METHODS 2.1. Soil Sampling and study area

Ten surface representative soils were selected

from 30 surface soil samples (0 – 30 cm depth) depending on the differences in clay content,

calcium carbonate and organic matter in Duhok

governorate, Iraqi-Kurdistan region and these area included Kanimasi-1(Km1), Kanimasi-2

(Km2), Batofa, Zakho, Assih, Semeel, Khanke,

Faydi, and Bamarny locations (Figure, 1). Samples were air dried ground and sieved

through a 2-mm sieve for further laboratory

analysis and adsorption studies.

2.2. Laboratory analysis Soil pH and EC were measured in soil

suspension (1:2, soil: water) with using pH-

meter, and EC-meter according to (Rowell, 1996). Soil texture determined by hydrometer

method as described by (Ryan et al., 2001). Soil

extract 1: 2 was used for the purpose of estimating cations and anions as follows: soluble

sodium and potassium (Na+ and K

+) were

determined by Flame photometer based on (Toth

et al., 1948). Titration method was used for estimating soluble calcium and magnesium (Ca

2+

and Mg2+

) with (0.02N) EDTA-Na2 (Rowell,

1996). Sulphates SO4-2

was determined by using spectrophotometer (JENWAY 6705 UV) along

the wavelength (470 nm) (Verma et al, 1977).

The chloride was determined by titration with AgNO3 and K2CrO4 as an indicator (Estefan et

al., 2013). Carbonate (CO3-2) and bicarbonate

(HCO3-) were determined by titration with

sulfuric acid (0.01N) using phenolphthalein and methyl orange as indicators (Estefan, et al.,

2013).

The soil organic matter content was implemented by Walkly and Black method using

K2CR2O7 (1N) according to (Allison, 1965).

Total carbonate minerals was done as per the

method of Loeppert and Saurez, (1996), which treated by a known weight of soil with

hydrochloric acid (1N) using Calcimeter

equipment. Active carbonate was measured by the method of Loeppert and Suarez (1996).

Using ammonium oxalate (0.2 M) and then

titrated with potassium permanganate (0.2M). Cation exchange capacity (CEC) through

replacing exchangeable cations with sodium

acetate (NaOAC) and determining Na

concentration by use of flame photometry (Summer and Miller, 1996). Soil Available

phosphorus was determined by Olsen´s method

using spectrometer at 880 nm as mentioned by (Rowell, 1996).



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2.3. Zinc forms and extracted Total zinc was estimated after soil digestion

using a mixture of Nitric/ Per chloric acid

depending on (Gavlak et al., 2003). Soluble zinc determined from the soil saturation extract (1:2)

soil: water and CaCl2 extractable zinc, air dry

soil samples were subjected to extraction with

0.01M CaCl2 (soil: CaCl2 extraction solution) and determined them by atomic absorption

Spectrophotometer (Rowell, 1996). AB-DTPA

Extractable zinc (Available zinc) was determined depends on (Soltanpour and

Workman, 1979; Soltanpour, 1991) in soil

extract (1:2) (10 g soil: 20 ml DTPA extract solution 0.005M), and estimated zinc in solution

by atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

2.4. Soil sorption of zinc

To study the sorption of Zn by soils, 1 g soil subsample from each soil was placed in a 100 ml

plastic bottle and equilibrated with 50 ml

(soil/solution ratio of 1:50) of 0.01M CaCl2 solution (to keep the ionic strength constant)

containing varies concentration of Zn, such as 0,

6, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 192 mg kg-1

Zn as ZnSO4 solution. Each sorption set, for Zn, was

replicated two times. The soil suspensions were

shaken for 24 hour at a slow (20 rpm min-1

) rate,

and equilibrated for 24 h at 25±1 and 48±1C° in

an incubator. After equilibration time, the suspension was filtered, and concentration of Zn

in the clear extract solution was determined

using Varian atomic absorption Spectrophotometry model (GBC 932 AA).

Amount of Zn adsorbed by soils was calculated

from the difference between the initial and final

concentration of Zn in the equilibrium solution.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1. Physical and chemical characteristics of

soil:

Physical and chemical properties of the

studied soils are shown in (table, 1). The dominant texture was clay in most of the studied

soils. Clay content of soils was from 29.16 to

57.57%. Electrical conductivity of the soils

showed non-saline nature and ranged between 0.21to 0.41 dS m

-1, and it may be due to in

highest amount of precipitation in studied

locations (Barwari, 2013). Soil pH varied from 7.45 (very slightly alkaline) to 8.05 (slightly

alkaline). The most dominant soluble cations can

be arranged as follow Ca2+

> Mg2+

> Na+> K

+,

however for soluble anions ranked as HCO3->

SO42-> Cl

- , which

except in

soil of Zakho that

arranged as follow HCO3- > Cl

- > SO4

2-

Table (1):- Physio-chemical properties of studied soils

T= trace

Locations

Sand %

Silt %

Clay %

Text. ure

pH EC dS m

-1

Anions(meq.l-1

) Cations(meq.l-1

)

CO3 HCO

3 Cl SO

4 Ca Mg K Na

K.m1 17.81

28.04

54.15 Clay 7.76

0.29

T 3.00 0.20

0.43

1.43

1.02

0.25

0.20

K.m2 39.05

31.79

29.16 Clay Loam

8.05

0.21

T 2.00 0.18

0.22

0.92

0.82

0.16

0.31

Batifa 29.90

36.35

33.75 Clay Loam

7.58

0.41

T 3.00 0.15

0.46

3.67

0.20

0.48

0.24

Assih 13.78

44.74

41.49 Silty Clay

7.45

0.38

_ 2.80 0.03

0.95

3.06

2.04

0.21

0.35

Zakho 12.49

42.03

45.48 Silty Clay

7.73

0.22

T 1.80 0.28

0.24

1.43

0.82

0.21

0.27

Semeel 10.41

52.54

37.05 Silty Clay Loam

7.83

0.32

T 2.60 0.15

1.71

2.55

0.71

0.39

0.47

Khank 15.27

37.62

47.11 Clay 7.87

0.24

T 2.40 0.03

0.60

1.33

1.12

0.25

0.43

Faydi 36.35

22.24

41.41 Clay 7.60

0.28

_ 1.80 0.38

1.16

1.22

0.82

0.09

0.82

Zawita 21.14

28.22

50.63 Clay 7.78

0.29

T 1.60 0.10

0.46

1.63

0.71

0.21

0.35

Bamarny

18.11

24.32

57.57 Clay 7.86

0.30

T 2.20 0.33

0.38

1.84

0.31

0.11

0.24



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Results in (table, 2) shows some chemical properties of studied soil in Duhok governorate.

Total calcium carbonate percentages were 51.36

– 305.30 g kg-1

. This indicates that studied soils considered as calcareous (Table, 2). This high

total concentration of carbonate minerals was

presumably owing to calcareous parent material.

CEC exhibited a variant in studied soils and ranged from (15.65 to 34.78) Cmol kg

-1. The

high value of CEC found in Km1 in comparison

with low value in K.m2 might be associated to the higher rate of organic content and soil

texture (clay) in these soils. A study conducted

on Vertisols soils revealed that CEC was high due to clay content (Aydinalp and Cresser,

2003). Organic matter content of the studied

soils are low or very low ranged between 7.83–37.10 g kg

-1, the highest value reported for k.m1

and the possible reasons may be related to the

increasing of plant residues on the soil surface

and low mineralization rates in these soils. Available phosphorus values ranged from 5.19

to 30.10 mg kg-l. These values indicated that the

level of phosphorus available were low to extremely high p content in studied soils.

Table (2):- Some chemical properties of studied soils

Locations CaCO3 g kg

-1 soil

Active CaCO3 g kg

-1 CaCO3

Q.M g kg

-1 soil

CEC Cmol kg

-1

Available phosphorus mg kg

-1 soil

K.m1 51.36 2.31 37.10 34.78 30.10

K.m2 79.02 3.95 22.16 15.65 5.19

Batofa 253.10 35.43 21.38 31.74 16.96

Assih 184.41 52.56 21.72 30.43 22.84

Zakho 192.23 24.03 8.62 34.35 16.61

Semeel 118.29 18.34 16.55 32.17 20.42

Khank 257.70 39.04 18.36 28.70 13.15

Faydi 194.26 28.17 13.21 16.52 7.61

Zawita 242.82 42.49 30.10 34.35 18.69

Bamarny 305.30 47.63 7.83 30.43 19.38

3.2. Form of zinc:

The results given in the (Table, 3) revealed

that the water soluble content was found to be

least and ranged from (0.29 to 0.94) mg kg-1

. The lowest value was observed in soil of K.m2,

whereas the highest amount was found in K.m1

soil. This lower concentration of soluble zinc are in agreement with the findings of other authors

(Kumar and Babel, 2011; Ramzan et al., 2014),

who reported similar small amount, indicating that the soluble form contains less available

contents in soils. Result shown negative

significant correlation between soluble zinc with

pH (-0.697*) while positive correlation but non-

significant (Table, 4) shown with EC and available phosphorus, similar result found by

Kandali et al., (2016) and Saxena et al., (2017).

Singh and Umashankar, (2018) found inverse relationship of pH with water soluble zinc, and

positive and significant relationships of

exchangeable zinc with organic carbon and clay indicated that the available zinc increased with

increase in organic matter and clay content.

Table (3):- Form of zinc in soils

Sample locations

Total Zn mgkg

-1

CaCl2 extract mgkg

-1

Soluble Zn

mgkg-1

DTPA extract mgkg

-1

K.m1 18.90 1.71 0.94 0.88

K.m2 21.30 2.07 0.29 1.64

Batofa 48.05 1.79 0.66 0.97

Assih 56.15 1.79 0.77 1.11

Zakho 39.05 1.82 0.43 1.26

Semeel 12.25 2.07 0.53 1.33

Khank 26.90 1.82 0.31 1.45

Faydi 18.35 1.81 0.82 1.54

Zawita 33.55 1.95 0.45 1.52

Bamarny 28.35 1.98 0.49 1.71



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Two single extractants (AB-DTPA, pH 7.6 and 0.01 N CaCl2) of soil Zn extractable, the

quantity of Zn extracted by different extractants

is shown in (Table, 3). There were noticed differences between the values extracted by two

extractants, amounts of Zn extracted by

chelating agent (DTPA) were lower than

amounts of soil extracted by CaCl2-Zn extractable value ranged between (0.88 - 1.64)

and (1.71 – 2.07) mg kg-1

from DTPA

extractable Zn (Available) and CaCl2 extractable Zn (Exchangeable) respectively, the

heights value in two extractable found in Km2

and low value in Km1. The quantity of Zn extractable by CaCl2 (Exchangeable) is more

than Zn extractable by DTPA (Available) this

due to DTPA is coating matter occur complexes

with micro nutrient but CaCl2 is chemical component extracted the mineral and organic

forms of Zn this means adsorbed Zn on clay

surface and Zn bond with organic active group (Chahal et al., 2005). The result in Table (4)

showed inverse significant relationship of

available-Zn with HCO3 (-0.759**), K (-

0.631*), available-P (-0.654*) and positive significant relationships with exchangeable zinc

(0.686*). While exchangeable zinc has positive

significant relationships with pH (0.666*) and negative significant correlation with soluble zinc

organic (-0.637*).

The available Zn (DTPA) of some soil in

Tanzania ranged from 0.4 – 3.1 mg kg-1

and found no negative and positive significant

correlation of zinc with physicochemical

properties of soil (Makoi, 2016). Studies by Kitundu and Mrema, (2006) showed that

available or extractable quantities of Zn as low

in almost all soil samples tested ranging from 0.08 to 0.93 mg Zn kg

-1 soil. Kumar et al.,

(2016) shown positive significant correlation

between Zn-DTPA with O.M and negative non-

significant correlation with pH. Studies on different forms of zinc in Homs, Syria,

demonstrate the exchangeable zinc ranged

between (0.12 - 2.84 mg kg-1

) and the average value was (0.58 mg kg

-1) (Shamsham and

Nassra, 2015).

Table (4):- Correlation coefficient between total adsorption at two temperatures (25 and 48 C°), zinc forms, with

physicochemical properties of studied soils and with it.

Soil properties

Soluble- Zn

mgkg-1-

Available-Zn DTPA mgkg

-1

Exch Zn CaCl2

mgkg-1

g

Total Zn mgkg

-1

Total Adsorption Zn at 25C°

mgkg-1

Total Adsorption Zn

at 48C° mgkg

-1

pH -0.697* 0.566 0.666* -0.644* 0.294 -0.226

EC 0.561 -0.539 -0.347 0.602 -0.547 -0.053

CEC 0.124 -0.53 -0.275 -0.153 0.162 0.444

O.M 0.357 -0.494 -0.259 0.222 -0.257 -0.432

CaCO3 -0.277 0.331 -0.059 -0.066 0.398 0.392

A-CaCO3 -0.069 0.175 -0.121 0.212 0.325 0.361

Clay 0.181 0.054 -0.291 -0.379 0.562 0.583

Silt -0.183 -0.352 0.153 -0.301 0.009 -0.201

Sand 0.014 0.288 0.113 0.614* -0.526 -0.308

Ca2+

0.31 -0.545 -0.159 0.313 -0.038 -0.553

Mg2+

0.244 -0.249 -0.325 -0.37 -0.156 0.001

K+ 0.058 -0.631* -0.078 0.201 -0.208 -0.564

Na+ 0.162 0.359 0.032 0.436 0.095 0.219

HCO3- 0.493 -0.759** -0.385 0.634* -0.788** -0.397

Cl- 0.207 0.31 0.041 -0.035 0.102 0.413

SO42- 0.300 -0.035 0.183 0.331 -0.199 0.275

Available-p 0.520 -0.654* -0.378 0.184 -0.104 0.280

Soluble –Zn 1.000 -0.628* -0.637* 0.08 -0.486 0.095

Available-Zn DTPA

-0.628* 1.000 0.686* -0.376 0.605** 0.171

Exch-Zn CaCl2

-0.637* 0.686* 1.000 -0.412 0.23 -0.005

Total-Zn 0.080 -0.376 -0.412 1.000 -0.100 -0.063

** Significant at the 0.01 level, * Significant at the 0.05 level



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Total –Zn ranged between (12.25 – 56.15) mg kg

-1 the highest value found in Assih soil but

the lower in Semeel soil this due to type and

quantity of zinc minerals in the parent material of this soils. Singh and Umashankar, 2018;

Hussain et al., 2010 stated that concentration of

Zn in soil parent material as the main factor

affecting Zn concentration in soil. Negative significant relationship found between total -Zn

with pH (-0.644*) but negative non-significant

correlation with exchangeable-Zn, clay, available-Zn and positive significant

relationships found with HCO3 (0.634*), sand

(0.614*), and positive non-significant relationships with EC and Na. Athokpam et al.,

(2018) found all the zinc fractions showed

positive correlation with EC, OC, CEC,

available nitrogen, available potassium, clay and negative correlation with pH, available

phosphorus and silt.

3.3. Adsorption of zinc Figure (2 and 3) demonstrate that with

increasing added zinc concentration to studied

soil cause increasing zinc adsorbed at temperature 25 and 48°C, Similar results was

determined by (Akay and Doulati, 2012). In

general total zinc adsorbed at 48C° in six

concentrations more than zinc adsorbed at 25C°, or at increase the temperature from 25 to 48°C

the quantity of adsorption increase in all soil

studied. The adsorption of Zn increases with an increase in temperature from 30 to 40C°

(Sampranpiboon et al., 2014).

At temperature 25°C the high mount of zinc

adsorbed found in the soil of Zawita (9353) mg

kg-1

at 196 ppm Zn add) with adsorption rate coefficient 48.68 L kg

-1 (Figure, 2) and the lower

total zinc adsorbed at same temperature was

observed in soil of Batofa (8973 mg kg-1

at 196 ppm Zn add) with adsorption rate coefficient

46.84 L kg-1

these differences demonstrate in

significant positive correlation with available-Zn

(0.605**) and non-significant positive correlation clay, CaCO3 and significant negative

relationships with HCO3 (-0.788**), and non-

significant negative relationships with K, Ca and EC. The significant positive correlation between

total adsorbed zinc at 48 C° and available means

as adsorbed zinc increases the capacity to extract Zn by DTPA would be more, the results

obtained by Hosseinpur and Motaghian, (2015)

stated the ability of this chelating agent for the

prediction of Zn bioavailability. At temperature 48°C the mount of zinc

adsorbed by soil of Zakho (9393.10 mg kg-1

at

196 ppm Zn add) with adsorption rate coefficient 49.01 L kg

-1 was higher than other soils (Figure,

3), and the lower total zinc adsorbed in same

temperature was observed in soil of k.m2 (9120.95 mg kg

-1 at 196 ppm Zn add) with

adsorption rate coefficient 47.49 L kg-1

these

varieties could be depended on some soil

properties particularly clay content, CaCO3, pH, and available phosphorus. Similar influences of

properties indicated by many studies (Ashraf et

al., 2008; Hararah et al., 2012). The results illustrate non-significant positive correlation

with clay, CEC and CaCO3 and non-significant

negative relationships with sand and O.M.



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127

4- CONCLUSION

The results in the ten calcareous Duhok

governorate soils were non-saline with slightly alkaline and in different texture with clay ranged

from (29.15 to 57.57 %), CaCO3 (51.36 to 305.6) g

kg-1

, active CaCO3 (2.31 to 52.56) g.kg-1, CEC

(15.65to 34.78) Cmol. kg-1

, organic matter (7.83-

37.10) g.kg-1

, available phosphorus (5.19 to 30.10)

g.kg-1

. The forms of soluble ranged from (0.29 to

0.94), DTPA extractable (Available) zinc (0.88 to 1.64),CaCl2 extractable zinc(Exchangeable) (1.71

to 2.05), and total zinc (12.25 – 56.15) mg.kg-1

.

Negative significant correlation found between soluble zinc with pH, available and exchangeable

zinc but positive non-significant correlation found

EC, available-p, HCO3 and O.M. While negative

correlation found between DTPA extractable zinc with potassium, HCO3, soluble-Zn, Ca and CEC,

O.M but positive significant correlation with pH,

but positive significant correlation found between CaCl2 extractable zinc with pH and DTPA

extractable zinc. Total-Zn shown negative

significant correlation with pH but negative non-significant correlation with exchangeable-Zn,

available-Zn and positive significant relationships

found with HCO3, sand, and positive non-

significant relationships with EC and Na. Increasing added zinc concentration to studied

soil cause increasing zinc adsorbed at temperature

25 and 48°C, as well as with increasing temperature from 25 to 48°C an increasing trend

of the adsorption amount of studied soil was

observed. The high mount of zinc adsorbed at 25°C found in the soil of Zawita (9353mg kg

-1 at

196 ppm Zn add) and the lower total zinc adsorbed

at same temperature was observed in soil of Batofa

(8973 mg kg-1

at 196 ppm Zn add). At temperature 48°C the mount of zinc adsorbed by soil of Zakho

(9393.10 mg kg-1

at 196 ppm Zn add) and the

lower total zinc adsorbed in same temperature was observed in soil of k.m2 (9120.95 mg kg

-1 at 196

ppm Zn add). The quantity of adsorption affected

positively by presence of clay, calcium carbonate,

active calcium carbonate and cation exchange capacity and negatively affected by the ion

concentration of bicarbonate, calcium, potassium,

organic matter and sand content.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express our sincere appreciation

to the College of Engineering Agriculture

Sciences, University of Duhok for access to the laboratory equipment's. I am also grateful to the

College of Engineering Agriculture Sciences,

University of Duhok, for providing me this chance and technical support to carry out this research.

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یێج جیــاواز دا ل ةارێزگــــــــــ ا دـــــــــــك یســیاا زكـــــــید ئاخێـــــي كســـــنێ

پخخئ داوی و وادێ و كسـنێ ئاخێي متزارحی و جیاواز دریزا ح قێ 01دیاردا یسیاا زكی اح خادن د

-زاخ -ةاحفا-2-كای واسی -0-كای واسی)و مڤان جان دا ل ةارێزگ ا دك ل ریىا كردسخاا ؼیراقێونه كرن ة 2احی شكرن و ل وخلا نێج ئاخێساوپ ( زاویخ و ةاورێ -ف یدیئ-خاكی -سیىیل -ئاسیی

شل و یئ ة . حێدا. ئ جاوا دیاركر ك ج دای حیا زكێ خادا ساخن حێي ئاخا و جریي زكی و یسیاێونگه (2.202-02222( و)2212-02.0)-(02.0-1200)-(1200-1220)ر ف ویئ گر و یئ س رج م دافت را

شل دگ ل ىرا حرشاحی و ك. پ یه دیا كریدای ی یگ حیف و و ؼی ة دافت را زكێمدویف ئێ 0-كهة ر ف دگ ل ةیكارةات و پحاسیوی , ر ئ وپ یه دی دیار ة دافت را زكێ(pH) حفخاحیا ئاخێ

. pHگر دك ل و ؼ وی ة دافت را زكێی پزه حیف و پ یه دیا گریداێ ة ر ف. ة مێ و فسفرێكارحكر كا ئ رێی و ره ونێHCO3ئایی كارحكر كا رێی ة مس ر س رج وێ زكی ة مێ pHةلا

ة.



130

ئ جاوا دیار كر زیده ةا دیاردا یسیای دگ ل زیده ةا ریزا افێخا زكی ة س ر ئاخێي ف كمیی ل یي یسیان زخر و. م00°ة°22یسیای زێده ة ةزێده ةا ةلا ك روئ ز ێزك. م00°و°22 ردو پینێي ك روئ

2-كێىخریي یسیان جێت ل ئاخا ةاحفا و كای واسیو00°و°22جێت ل ئاخا زاویخ و زاخ مدویف ةلاك روئ

و كسنی و كسلا جالاك و دیخ كرن ب ةا ح قێیسیای كارحیكر كا ئ ریی مس ر .وج دایاحیا زكێ, ئایاحێي ئ داوی, ره ونێ ق ةارا كریا كاحیا و كارحیكر كا ێگ حیف مس ر دیخ كرن ب ةا وادێ

ةیكارةاحی و كامسیوی و ةحاسیوی.

ـــكحرب كنســث وخخنفــثف وحافغـث دـ ـــف اوـــخزاز امزــك ثـــامخلاص

حخاا وي امطي وكارةات ـث ف وـــــخخارة ووخخنفـرة حرب وـــــزاز امزك ف ؼشــخـــث اوــــحه دراسػ ـــــــذه امىاقـــراق وــــخان امؽـــــــــك ةاقنـه كردســــث دــــــــث ف وحافغـــــامكامسم وامىادة امؽض

-اكـــخ -ىلـــــسـ -ــــــاس -ـــــــــزاخ -ثــــــــ, ةاطف2-ـــــ واســ, كا0-ــــــ واســكا) ث صفات امخرب و صر ــــــونه مدراس 2حه حجفف امؽات وخنا ةىخل (ةاور -ــــــــــــــزاوخـ -ـدهــــــفا

-1.20)وامجاز وامىختادل وامكن حراوحج ةي خزاز.امخائج ةج ةان كىثامزك امذائب ــــــامزك والاو

ؼن امخام. محظ ؼلاقث ارحتاط وؽث سامتث 1-كه ونغه (56.15 – 12.25) و (2212-02.0)و(02.0-1200)و(1200م, امتكارةات ـامجاز وػ امتحاس Znةىا وجدت ؼلاقث ارحتاط وؽث سامتث ةي pHامذائب وػ امـ Znةي

واثرت .pHالـامىختادل وػ Znث ةي ــــــث ووجتــــــث ارحتاط وؽــــفر امجاز ةىا وجدت ؼلاقـوامفس وامرول اثرت ةصرة اجاةث ؼنا. HCO3صرة سنتث ؼن امزك امكن ةىا ان pHالــــ

ـث ف ـــــامىضاف ام حرب امدراس Znز ــــــــوػ زادة حرك Znاز زخـــــــج زادة اوـــحج امخائـــاوض . م°00ام 22رارة وي ـــــــث امحــــــدرج الممتزبزيادةZnز ــــــــــــم. وازدادت حرك°00و 22خ امحرارة ـــــــدرجـ

م°00و 22رارة ـخ حــــــخد درجــ ؼــــــــ و زاخـــــــــ زاوخــــــــــرت ف حرةخــــــخزاز عـن اوـــوان اؼ Znوان كىات .2- واســــــث وكاــــــــــــــ ةاطفــــــــ ةىا اقل اوخزاز كاج ف حرةخـــــــؼن امخامـؽث ــــــطث وامســخث وامشـــــــي و كارةات امكامسـم امكنـــــــــد امطــــــا ةجــــــرت اجاةـــامىىخز حاث

ث وامرول واات امتكارةات ــــــد امىادة امؽضــنتا ةجـث ةىا حاثرت ســــــــــث امكاحــــــــامختادم وامكامسـم وامتحاسـم.

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ZINC ADSORPTION IN DIFFERENT CALCAREOUS SOILS