1. 2011 3 28 1

2. ? 2 3. 3 4. Chosun.com2011.3.16 400 mSv 4 5. 210(Bq) 9 () () 190Bq, 210Bq . 300Bq/l 100Bq/l. (, 2011 3 24) 5 6. " kg 54000Bq() 131 . 50g 21.7mSv () (2.4mSv) 9 , CT 1 () (6.9mSv) 3 . 300Bq/kg( ).. (, 2011.3.23)6 7. 30 2011 3 25 2011 3 25 20km , 20-30 , , , , 40 1 ( 137) 163000, 117 , , , 5 , 30 8 3 (1 40 ) 76.8 , 7 8. (Radiation) (Radiant Energy) , 8 9. (cellular water) Direct damageby charged particle OH radical X, -ray 9 10. (Radioactivity of radionuclide) :becquerel (Bq) 1Bq=1 () : gray (Gy) Gy= (1kg) (J) 1 Gy = 1 J/kg : sievert (Sv) (radiation weighting factor) X, , - : 1 Gy = 1 Sv, - : 1 Gy = 20 Sv : sievert (Sv) (tissue weighting factor) ( ) , , Cs (1.3x10-5), I (2.2x10-5)10 11. Alpha () 0.05 mm Beta ()1-2 cm Gamma () 10-20 cm 11 12. ( . , 2011.3.23) 50 ()5 () () 0.04 ()137Cs+134Cs 12 13. Cs 133Cs : : 134Cs, 137Cs , test, 2(134Cs), 30(137Cs) , . 1980 testing 137Cs : 9.6x1017Bq : 2.0x1016Bq(134Cs), 4.0x1016Bq(137Cs)13 14. 137, 134Cs () EC: electron capture; = beta decay; = gamma-ray emission (0.023~0.42MeV) (0.24~1.4MeV) 14 15. Cs 15 16. 131I I2 (iodine, 127I), iodide compounds : : 123I ~135I 131I : 8.04 16 17. 131I () 17 18. 18 19. 19 20. , , 0.30%0.20% , 0.20% , 11.50% ( , 10% )(), 0.15 to 0.24 rem=0.0015 to 0.0024 Sv , 50% =1.5 to 2.4 mSv14%80 r- (,: 120 to 160 mSv), 14%(12 to 16 rem) (87%) (13%) 20 21. (Dose) ( , Linear energytransfer) (, ) (, ) (Dose rate) vs. 21 22. (Linear Energy Transfer ): 2000 Radiation track-X-- Primary ionizing Event (100eV) ( ) 3Radiation track-Primary ionizing eventvery closed together ( ) 22 23. - (Dose rate) (Cumulative rate)(Acute)Time (minutes)(Protracted) Time (days)(Fractionated)23 24. (external exposure) (internal exposure) , 24 25. (cell) (organ) (Acute) & (delayed)X-rays (development) DNA () 25 26. , (Radiosensitivity) (differentiation) vs 26 27. (Gy) 1~2 3~5 6~10 10~ 50 5~50% 50~90% 100% 100%100%, , , 32 0.5~10.5 , , , , , , , , , , , , , 2 2 250% , 27 28. , 1~2 , 28 29. 2-3 ICRP Threshold : 2-10 Gy for single low LET29 30. : IQ: ICRP model: 1 Sv IQ 30 30 31. ) , , , , , , , , , (, ) , .. .31 32. - : 32 33. Upper: All data Lower: low-dose region of upper figure (UNSCEAR 2006)Average annualdose33 34. (UNSCEAR2006)34 35. : 35 36. : (RR) (cigarettes/day)1-15 16-25>251 Sv4.9 8.0 13.3 2.2 (UNSCEAR2006)36 37. ( ): (1950-1985) Both cities, all ages37 38. ( ): (1950-1990, LSS)38 39. Diagnostic 10 1 ? Dose in Sv 0.1 0.01 0.001, ,- - , 39 40. : (, ) : : , , 40