خدا بنام
Occupational stressBy: MARYAM.ASLANI
OCUPATIONAL MEDICINE SPECIALIST
CONTENT
Definition Models Factors effecting on stress response Work related stressor Individual Consequences of Stress Stress management
استرس مفهوم
: ارگانیسم اختصاصی غیر پاسخ کلی بطورمحیطی محرک به
: تقاضای میان تعادل عدم شغلی درزمینه. کار آن انجام جهت فرد وتوانایی شغلی
فردی خصوصیات و کار شرایط که حالتیتعادل حاد گسیختگی هم از به منجر شاغل
. شود فیزیولوژیکوی یا روانی
استرسشغلی اهمیت فیزیکی برخالفمخاطرات
استرسورهای شیمیایی، وروانیمخصوصشغل (. تمام در نیست خاصی
) دارد وجود مشاغل نوع این با مواجهه احتمال
دارد وجود همیشه مخاطرهعوامل از بسیاری و
میتوانند سایکوسوشیال. باشند گذار تأثیر
توصیفاسترس برای مختلف مدلهای
Person – environment fit model Demand – control model Effort – reward imbalance model
PERSON-ENVIRONMENT FIT MODEL
Distinct the objective and subjective evaluations of the individual and the environment.
Emphasizes on the individual’s subjective interaction with the environment.
PERSON-ENVIRONMENT FIT MODEL
Person
EnvironmentOccupation
Occupational Performance
FUNCTION- DYSFUNCTION CONTINUUM
Function
A good fit between components results
in optimal function.
Maximum fit = maximum occupational
performance.
Minimum fit= dysfunction.
DEMAND-CONTROL MODEL
DEMAND-CONTROL MODEL
Imbalance between demands on a worker and the worker’s ability to modify those demands.
Low decision-making control + high job demands leads to high strain situation
DEMAND-CONTROL MODEL
There are three environmental elements : job demands, Decision authority, skill discretion. The latter two elements jointly constitute
job control
EFFORT-REWARD IMBALANCE MODEL
EFFORT-REWARD IMBALANCE MODEL
Imbalance between the efforts expanded and the rewards received at work.
High efforts + low rewards lead to higher risk of stress.
Consider broader economic variables of job stability, pay and the like.
استرسی پاسخ در موثر فاکتورهای
فردی خصوصیات
خانوادگی شرایط
خصوصیاتشغلی
اجتماعی شرایط
WORK-RELATED STRESSORS
Role Ambiguity
WorkOverload Occupation
ResourceInadequacy
WorkingConditions
Management StyleMonitoring
JobSecurity
کار محیط استرسورهای
Organizational Career development Role Task Work environment Shift work
ORGANIZATIONAL STRESSORS
Change Inadequate
communication Interpersonal conflict
CAREER DEVELOPMENT STRESSORS
Lack of promotional opportunity New responsibilities beyond level of
training Unemployment
ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION
Role conflict Role ambiguity Inadequate resources to accomplish job Inadequate authority to accomplish job
ROLE CONFLICT
A situation in which different roles lead to conflicting expectations
Examples may include a doctor who has two commitments: that of doctor and that of father. He must decide whether he should be present for his
daughter's birthday party (in his role as "father") or attend an ailing patient (as "doctor").
ROLE AMBIGUITY
TASK AS STRESSOR
Quantitative & qualitative overload Quantitative & qualitative underload Responsibility for the lives of others Low decision-making latitude
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Physical exposures Ergonomic
problems Noise Odors Safety hazards
SHIFT WORK
o Circadian rhythmso Sleep disorderso GI disorders, CAD,
depressiono Complication in
management chronic diseases.
o Smoking, alcohol and substance abuse
اجتماعی و فردی عوامل
شخصیتی ساختار خانوادگی زندگی اجتماعی حمایت های سیستم زندگی مرحله
INDIVIDUAL CONSEQUENCES OF STRESS
Stress
Psychological
• Anxiety• Depression• Low self-esteem• Sleeplessness• Frustration• Family problems• Burnout
Behavioral
• Excessive smoking• Substance abuse• Accident proneness• Appetite disorders• Violence
Physiological
• High blood pressure• Muscle tension• Headaches• Ulcers, skin
diseases• Impaired immune
systems• Musculoskeletal
disorders• Heart disease• Cancer
STRESS & DISEASES
Mental illness Cardiovascular disease Gastrointestinal disease Injury & accidents others
MENTAL ILLNESS
Anxiety,tension,anger,depression…
Reduced familial & social activities…
Adjustmeny disorder,somatoform disorder, PTSD, affective disorder…
Smoking, violence…
CARDIOVASCULAR DIEASES
Coronary heart disease Hypertension Cardiac arrhythmia (PVC) Changes in Blood clotting &
fibrinogen level Increased smoking
GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES
Peptic ulcer Ulcerative colitis IBS Constipation Eating disorders
STRESS MANAGEMENT
STRESS MANAGEMENT
STRESS MANAGEMENT
ROLE OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS Monitor signs of stress Helping patients to gain
insight into the problem. Providing advice and
refer. Organization stress-
reduced interventions.
INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL APPROACHES
Educating employees about stress and it’s effects.
Guiding toward and teaching stress management techniques and stress-coping skills
ORGANIZATIONAL-LEVEL APPROACHES
Objective is to reduce stressors. Identifying sources of stress within
organization. Designing solutions to the problem. Developing criteria for workplace.
THANKS