2011/3/22
E-mail: [email protected]: 035-915148
EV Benefits:Cost saving (fuel and maintenance)Reduce/eliminate CO2 emissionsFuel up at homeCan provide back up power to your house
PEVHPrimearth EV Energy AESCAutomotive Energy Supply BEJBlue Energy Japan LEJLithium Energy JapanHVE JCSJohnson Controls-Saft Advanced Power Solutions
EV Li ion Battery Module
Energy StorageService Model Electric PropulsionTelematics
&:
Cost &Safety
High Energy High Power High chargeCycle Life
F3DMMitsubishi-SHI I-Mi EV Volt
BMW Mine ELuxgen MPV
Toyota Prius3
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92.5-105.582.5-105.599-115.549.5-82.5(/)
()
/98.08.23
e- e-
e-
e-e
MM
M MMMM
M
e-M+ M+
M+
M+M
+M+M+
M+
M+
Me- M+
M
M MM
e
e-
e-Heterogeneous Heterogeneous electrochemical electrochemical
reaction with reaction with transportation transportation
of ion and of ion and electronelectron
Energy densityPower density Cycle lifeSafetyCostCharge rate
: LiCoO2 Li(1-x) CoO2+xLi+ +xe-
: C6 +xLi ++xe- Lix C6
: LiCoO2+C6 Li(1-x) CoO2+LixC6Charge
Discharge
/
BOM of LFP Battery (40Ah: Prismatic Power Cell)
29.9%
2.1%
13.7%
6.3%
23.8%
13.7%
2.3%
3.5%
0.4%
3.1%
1.1%Cathode
Al
Anode
Cu
Separator
Electrolyte
Ccover with vent/CID
Case
Conductive carbon
PVDF/NMP
Others
(pin,PTC,disk,tab,tape)
(NOT INCLUDE CAN, SAFETY VENT AND COVER)
Cost of positive material is more sensitive for energy cellsPower cells need cost reductions in other components too (e.g. separator, electrolyte, Cap design, etc.)
A cost target of completed battery for $250~300/kWh is feasible!
ESTIMATED MATERIAL COST OF BARE LI-ION CELLS
: 1st Intl Rechargeable Battery Expo-Lithium-ion Batteries for Advanced Automobiles, GS Yuasa Corp.,
- High-rate charge capability- Safe (3D spinel structure)- No SEI (high potential~1.5V)- Long cycle life- Low cost< US 20/Kg- Low capacity(160 mAh/g)- Low electron conductivity
Pros & Pros & ConsCons of Liof Li44TiTi55OO1212ToshibaEnerdel
High Power Anode MaterialHigh Power Anode Material
Spinel Rock salt
(Li3)8a(Li, Ti5)16d(O12)32e + 3 e - + 3 Li + (Li6)16c(Li, Ti5)16d(O12)32e3Ti+4 3Ti+3
Capacity & Cell Number of Li-ion Battery
12
200-5000 cells
10 cells
1 cell
10 recalls of NB & Mb in 2007-08 from leading companies
Safety mechanism of Li ion battery (pack)
Heating
Gas emission
Fire
Explosion
Internal Short
External Short
Over Charge
Charge after Over Discharge
Separator
shut down
~130PTC
Protected circuit
(PACK)
Protected circuit
(PACK)
Pre-Charge
(PACK)
Abuse condition
Damage1St Electronic Design
2ndMechanic Design3rdMaterial Design
CID
Protected circuit(IVT abnormal)
Thermal setting
technology
STOBA( self terminated oligomers with
hyper-branched architecture)cross-link @abuse
temperature2009
Nail pentration test of different kinds of cathode chemistry vs. energy density of Li-ion cells
18650,7799130(soft pack)
503759(soft pack)
18650, 5099130 (soft pack)Cell types
2, 101.31.4, 5.0Cell capacity (Ah)
Pass
Fail
180
LiCoO2
PassPassw STOBA
FailFailw/o STOBANail penetration test(Nail =2.5mm)
160-180132-148Cell energy density (Wh/kg)
Li[Ni,Co,Mn]O2LiMn2O4Cathode chemistry
18650,7799130(soft pack)
503759(soft pack)
18650, Cell types
2, 101.31.4, Cell capacity (Ah)
Pass
Fail
180
LiCoO2
PassPassw STOBA
FailFailw/o STOBANail penetration test(Nail =2.5~5 mm)
160-180132-148Cell energy density (Wh/kg)
Li[Ni,Co,Mn]O2LiMn2O4Cathode chemistry
Temperature Curve of the Nail Test of LiCoO2 Cell
0 10 20 30 40 50 600.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
Short point temp. 1.3Ah w/o STOBA 1.3Ah with STOBA
Cell Voltage 1.3Ah w/o STOBA 1.3Ah with STOBA
Time (sec)
Vol
tage
(V)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Tem
p.(o C
)
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
LiMn2O4, =2.5mm, v=1.0mm/sec w STOBA (1400mA) w/o STOBA (1400mAh)
Time (sec)
Tem
p. (o
C)
Temperature Curve of the Nail Test of LiMn2O418650 Cell
High C rates test of LiMn2O4 18650 cells
with STOBAw/o STOBAw/o STOBA
2.8
3
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4
4.2
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6Capacity (Ah)
Vol
tage
(V
)
0.2C 1C 2C 8C 10Cwith STOBA
2.8
3
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4
4.2
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6Capacity (Ah)
Vol
tage
(V
)
0.2C 1C 2C 8C 10C
90 93 98 1.47Ahwith STOBA
10C/1C8C/1C2C/1C1C
95 96 99 1.47Ahw/o STOBA
10C/1C8C/1C2C/1C1C
C rates capacity ratio(%)
0 150 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 15000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
capa
city
rete
ntio
n(%
)
STOBA inside 0% STOBA
RT 25oC , 4.1-3.2V 10Ah 1C-1C cycle
Resistance (Fresh cell) Resistance (Cycle cell) Resistance increased(%)
10Ah+0% 1.86 m-ohm 4.34 m-ohm (888 cycles) 133%
10Ah+ STOBA 2.31 m-ohm 4.02 m-ohm (1024 cycles) 74%
Cycle test of 10Ah LNCM 7799130 cells at RT
Cycle life of LiNiCoMnO2 Battery(776285)
1C/1C@551C/1C@RT
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1C/1C Cycle 2 Cyc. 400 Cyc. Eff.@RT (mAh) (mAh) (%)
0% STOBA 2769 2467 89% 2% STOBA 2847 2417 85%
Dis
char
ge C
apac
ity (A
h)
Cycle Number
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 5000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1C/1C Cycle 2 Cyc. 500 Cyc. Eff.@55oC (mAh) (mAh) (%)
0% STOBA 2941 1827 62% 2% STOBA 2939 2243 76%
Dis
char
ge C
apac
ity (A
h)
Cycle Number
Long cycle life at H.T.
STOBA Production Cell/Pack verification
E-Van demonstration projectA Good Integration of STOBA (MCL) & Battery
Companies & E-Van ( MSL)
MSL
MCL
STOBA-insidePaste
STOBA material
System level verification
Cell/Pack testing by
MCL
Amita Use STOBA-inside 5Ah pouch cells to form 1S6P module
84S*2 LiB pack by MSL3S35P
1S6PE-One MoliUse STOBA-inside 2Ah cylindrical cells to form 3S35P module
28S LiB pack by MSL
Delivery of production cells
Technology roadmap/ Diffusion Scenario For Battery(Japan)
2020Energy Density: 600Wh/L(2020)/ 1000Wh/L(2030)
250Wh/Kg(2020)/ 500Wh/Kg(2030)Power Density1500W/Kg(2020)/ 1000W/Kg(2030)Cycle Life (10-15)Distance per Charging:200km(2020)/500km(2030)Cost:20JPY/Wh(2020)/10JPY/Wh)(2030)
Battery Capacity Battery Costs Distance per
charging EVs PHEVs FCVs
Spread
1x
2008 2010 2015 2030 2050
Related Technology
High performance batteries
Rare earth substitute materials
1x 1/2x1.5x1/7x
130km
Battery improvements
3x 7x1/10x200km
1/40x500km
Post-lithium ion battery development, etc.
Lithium ion battery performance improvement
Commutes Genuine Diffusion
Introduce and demo tests(400km,3000hrs)
2020
General use of fuel cell vehicles(800km,5000hrs)
(2020)-