MITOCHONDRIA AND LYSOSOMES
HUSAN BANO
Assistant Professor
Deptt. Physiology. SMC
Mitochondrial Structure (cont.)
MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE
1. Outer layer2. Inner layer
Contents of outer layer:• Smooth layer containing various
enzymes.• Acetyl COA• Glycerol-phosphate-acetyltransferase
Contents of inner layer
• Have in-foldings called “cristae”.
• Cristae contains “oxidative enzymes” and “protein molecules” involved in respiration and ATP synthesis, so called “Respiratory chain” or “electron transport system”
RESPIRATORY CHAIN INCLUDES:
• Succinic dehydrogenase
• Dihydro-nicotinamide-adenin dinucleotide
(NADH).
• Cytochrome oxidase
• Cytochrome-C
• ATP synthetase
MITCHONDRIAL MATRIX
• Dissolved enzymes
• DNA
• RNA
FUNCTIONS OF MITOCHONDRIA
1. Energy Production Nutrients CO2 + H2O + Energy
2. Synthesis of ATP Used in: a. Protein synthesis b. Muscle contraction c. Ionic transport
Cont….
3. APOPTOSIS : Means “Programmed cell death”
• Under genetic control.
• Normal phenomena
• Presences of cytochrome-C
If a cell did not have mitochondria,it would be unable to:
1. move
2. produce energy
3. synthetize protein
4. synthesize enzyemes
LYSOSOMES
STRUCTURE OF LYSOMES
• They are rounded dense bodies.
• They are membrane bounded organalle
• Contains variety of “hydrolytic enzymes”
• Digest the foreign bodies.
• Most abundenly found in lungs,spleen and WBC
LYSOMES AND PEROXISOMES
LYSOSOMES
• Structure of lysomes:
FORMATION OF LYSOSOMES AND LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES
• Lysosomal enzymes produced on ribosome.
• They are channel into matrix of endoplasmic reticulum.
• Goes to golgi appratus
• Package in the form of secretory granules or “primary lysosomes”
FORMATION OF LYSOSOMES
FUNCTIONS OF LYSOSOMES
• It act as digestive system of single typical cell.
• Play an important role in removal of damage portion of cell, if the cell damage by heat, cold, trauma or chemical
FUNCTIONS OF LYSOSOMES Cont …..
• It has bactericidal action.
PEROXISOMES
• It is membrane bounded organalle.
• Also called micro bodies.
• It is formed by pinched off from ER.
• Contain “Oxidative enzymes” such as CATALASE, URATE OXIDASE and
D-AMINO ACID OXIDASE
FUNCTIONS OF PEROXISOME
1. Detoxification
2. Form the site of oxygen utilization in the cell.
3. Breakdown the excess fatty acids.
4. Accelerate gluconeogensis from fats.
5. Degrade purine to uric acid.
6. Participate in the formation of myelin and bile salts.