Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Sistem Pencernaan (Systema GastroIntestinalis)
Sistem Pencernaan (Systema GastroIntestinalis)
Dr. Arief Fatoni
2010
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Obyektif Obyektif
Menerangkan fungsi pokok dari sistem Pencernaan
Mengidentifikasi alat-alat pokok dan alat-alat tambahan.
Menerangkan peranan hati dan kantong empedu dalam pencernaan
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Bertanggung jawab untuk menerima , mencerna , menyerap makanan,dan mengeluarkan sisa padat.
Saluran pencernaan (GI tract)
Alimentasi - untuk mencukupi gizi
Anatomy/PhysiologySistem Pencernaan
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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ALAT PENCERNAAN TAMBAHAN
ALAT PENCERNAAN TAMBAHAN
Gigi / dentin Lidah / lingua Kelenjar ludah/ glandula salivarius Hati / hepar / liver Kantong empedu / vesica fellea/ gallbladder Pankreas / pancreas
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Rongga Mulut / Cavum OrisRongga Mulut / Cavum Oris Mulut (bucca, lingua)
• papillae Gigi
• mastikasi• dentin• pulp• gingiva
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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LINGUALINGUA Papilla lingualis
• Papilla lingualis sircumvalata
• Papilla lingualis fungiformis
Tonsila lingualis
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Gigi Gigi Arcus maxillaris (atas) Arcus mandibularis (bawah)
• Gigi depan untuk menggigit dan merobek
• Gigi belakang untuk mengunyah dan menggiling
Gigi decidua - shedding Primer - 20 gigi Permanen - 32 gigi
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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DENTSDENTS
Dents permanen Dents decidua Dents insicivus Dents caninus Dents premolar Dents molar
Superiordextra
Superiorsinistra
Inferiordextra
Inferiorsinistra
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Rongga Mulut / Cavum OrisRongga Mulut / Cavum Oris
Palatum, durum dan mole• bolus
Pharynx Uvula Esophagus Epiglottis
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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EsophagusEsophagus
kerongkogan chyme cardiac, atau bawah
esophageal atau gastroesophageal sphincter
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Lambung / VentriculusLambung / Ventriculus
Corpus /Body, fundus
pylorus rugae Sphincter
pyloricum
Fundus
Body
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Usus Halus /IntestinumUsus Halus /Intestinum Usus kecil entero – usus kecil villi Bagian-bagian
• duodenum• jejunum• ileum
Valvula ileocecalis
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Usus besar Usus besar
Usus besar colon cecum Appendix vermiformis
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Colon• ascenden• Flexura hepatica• transversum• Flexura splenicum• descenden
Sigmoid Rectum Anus
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Fungsi• Menghasilkan empedu• glucose - glycogen• Menimbun vitamin, B12, A, D, E, K• erythrocytolysis (pigmen dilepas dieliminasi dalam empedu
disebut bilirubin)• bilirubin membuat warna tinja khas /gelap • Mengeluarkan toxin dari darah • Membuat protein darah
Hati / Hepar / liver
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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HEPARHEPAR
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PankreasPankreas internal – fungsi endocrine
• insulin• glucogon
external – fungsi exocrine • amylase - karbihidrat• trypsin, chymotrypsin - protein• lipase – lemak
Enzyme tidak aktif sampai berada di duodenum
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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PANKREASPANKREAS
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Kantong empedu Kantong empedu
Seperti buah pear – berbentuk kantong dibawah hati
chole berarti empedu Cyste berarti kantong atau saccus Kantong empedu berkontraksi mendorong
empedu keluar melelui ductus cysticus kedalam ductus biliverus communis
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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SALURAN EMPEDU DAN PANKREAS
SALURAN EMPEDU DAN PANKREAS
Ductus hepaticus sinistra
Ductus hepaticus dextra Ductus hepaticus
communis Ductus sisticus Ductus choleducus Ductus pancreaticus Ampula vateri
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Empedu Empedu Empedu adalah getah pencernaan – bertindak
mengemulsi lemak menjadi way bahwa enzyme dapat mencerna lemak
Berjalan melalui ductus hepaticus ke ductus cysticus ke kantong empedu dimana dia ditimbun
Empedu mengandung air, garam-garam empedu, cholesterol, dan bilirubin (suatu zat warna hasil dari pemecahan hemoglobin)
bilirubin mebuat warna empedu kuning atau orange
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Lambung selama pencernaan Lambung selama pencernaan
Getah lambung• HCL – mengaktifkan
enzym
• protease
• pepsin
• lipase
Chyme
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Usus kecil selama pencernaan Usus kecil selama pencernaan
Pencernaan lengkap pada usus kecil
chyme tercampur dengan empedu dan getah pankreas
Penggumpalan (emulsifikasi)
Penyerapan (absorpsi)
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Usus besar Usus besar
Menerima sisa-sisa pencernaan dan menimbun sampai dilepaskan dari tubuh.
Penyerapan kelebihan air
faeces, tinja defekasi, atau gerakan
usus
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Patologi - UlcerPatologi - Ulcer
Gastric ulcer Peptic ulcer Ulcerative Colitis
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Patology - HerniaPatology - Hernia
Diaphragmatica Hiatal, Gastroesophageal Inguinal Umbilical
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Sumbatan ususSumbatan usus
Volvulus• Ischemia• Necrosis• Peritonitis
Intussuscepsi
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Hemorrhoid (wasir)Hemorrhoid (wasir)
Internal External Hemorrhoidectomy
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Gangguan Liver Gangguan Liver
Kuning - jaundice, icterus Hepatitis
• Type A - fecal, oral• Type B - parenteral, sexual, perinatal• Type C - parenteral ke darah , produk darah
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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DiverticulosisDiverticulosis
Diverticulitis obstipasi diverticulectomy
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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OncologiOncologi
Neoplasma dari lapisan epitelial• Adenocarcinoma lambung• Carcinoma esofagus• Carcinoma hepatoseluler• Carcinoma pankreas
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic
Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic
Aerophagia anorexia appendicitis ascites borborygmus bulimia
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic
Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic
cachexia cholelithiasis cleft palate Crohn’s disease cirrhosis colic
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic
Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic
deglutition dysentery dysphagia eructation fecalith flatus gastroesophageal reflux disease
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic
Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic
Halitosis hematemesis irritable bowel syndrome leukoplakia malabsorption syndrome melena obstipation
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic
Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic
Peristalsis pyloric stenosis regurgitation steatorrhea visceroptosis