Theo B Xy dng tc tng trng ca ngnh l t 12-16% mi nm v tiu th khong 20-24% tng nng lng quc gia.

Cng tc xy dng khng tun th quy tc kin trc kh hu sinh hot truyn thng, cch nhit khng tt, km thng thong, khng che chn trc x gy lng ph nng lng m bo tin nghi ti thiu.

Gii php iu khin v qun l tch hp cho php nng cao hiu sut v ti u ha s dng nng lng ca ta nh. H thng qun l ta nh BMS (Building Managenent System) ang c pht trin. BMS l h thng iu khin phn cp DCS (Distributed Control System) gm 3 cp:

*Cp thp nht l cp trng. Cc b iu khin cp ny l cc b iu khin s dng b vi x l, cung cp chc nng iu khin s trc tip cho cc thit b tng khu vc, bao gm: my bm, cc dn trao i nhit, bm nhit, cc b iu ha khng kh cc b, ... H thng phn mm qun l nng lng cng c tch hp trong cc b iu khin cp trng. Cc cm bin v c cu chp hnh giao din trc tip vi cc thit b c iu khin. Cc b iu khin s c ni vi nhau trn mt ng bus, do vy c th chia s thng tin cho nhau v thng tin vi cc b iu khin cp h thng v cp iu hnh, qun l.

*Cp h thng: Cc b iu khin h thng c kh nng ln hn so vi cc b iu khin cp trng v s lng cc im vo ra, cc vng iu chnh v c cc chng trnh iu khin. Cc b iu khin h thng c tch hp sn cc chc nng qun l, lu tr v thng c s dng cho cc ng dng ln hn nh h thng iu ha trung tm, h thng my lnh trung tm,... Cc b iu khin ny trc tip giao tip vi thit b iu khin thng qua cc cm bin v c cu chp hnh hoc gin tip thng qua vic kt ni vi cc b iu khin cp trng. Cc b iu khin h thng c th hot ng c lp trong trng hp b mt truyn thng vi cc trm vn hnh.

*Cp vn hnh gim st: Cc trm vn hnh v gim st ch yu giao tip vi cc nhn vin vn hnh. Cc trm vn hnh cp ny ch yu l cc my tnh PC. Mt trm vn hnh thng bao gm cc gi phn mm ng dng sau:

*An ton h thng: Gii hn quyn truy cp v vn hnh i vi tng c nhn.*Xm nhp h thng: Cho php nhng ngi c quyn c truy cp v ly d liu h thng thng qua my tnh cc nhn hoc cc thit b lu tr khc.*nh dng d liu: Lp ghp cc im d liu ri rc vo trong cc nhm nh dng c quy tc phc v cho vic in n v hin th. BMS tch hp vi cc h thng dch v sau:

H thng iu khin gim st ta nh ca Siemens

H thng cung cp v phn phi in.

*H thng cung cp kh t.*H thng iu ha khng kh.*H thng chiu sng .*H thng thit b vin thng*H thng Camera an ninh.*H thng PCCC.*Thang my.*H thng cp/ thot nc & x l nc thi sinh hot.*H thng thng tin cng cng (h thng m thanh thng bo, h thng mn hnh thng bo...). H thng BMS gim st cc thit b sau ca h thng in:+ My pht in d phng+ Cc t in phn phi chnh+ Cc t in phn phi tng

Hnh 1.8 biu din h thng BMS ca hng Siemens. y l h thng iu khin phn tn gm cp iu hnh v qun l mng LAN vi my tnh ch Apogee, cp iu khin gim st iu khin iu ha trung tm, h thng in, h thng chiu sng

H thng BMS qun l cc thit b bo v ngun nm trong cc t phn phi chnh v cc t phn phi ph cho cc tng. H thng gim st v qun l cc thit b bng vic thu nhn cc thng tin v trng thi lm vic cng nh qu ti ca cc thit b ny thng qua cc u ra bo li, bo trng thi hot ng ca cc thit b in ti cc t iu khin ca h thng BMS. Ti cc my tnh trung tm, nhn vin vn hnh thc hin vic gim st cc thit b bo v ca cc t phn phi chnh v cc t phn phi ph trn mn hnh ha ca cc my tnh iu khin h thng. Mi thay i ca cc im vo ra ti cc t iu khin trong nhm thit b in ti cc t iu khin gi v s lm thay i mu sc ca im iu khin trn mn hnh ha cng nh c th in cc bo co bo li ti thi im xy ra s c.

H thng BMS c kh nng qun l gim st cc ngun in chiu sng, bt/tt, t thi gian biu, trng thi cc ngun in chiu sng. Cc n/nhm n chiu sng c iu khin ti my tnh trung tm hoc ti cc cng tc lp trnh ti cc tng. Mc iu khin u tin c thc hin ti my tnh iu khin trung tm.

H thng iu ha trung tm l mt trong nhng h thng quan trng nht ca ta nh. H thng ny bao gm cc mch in cng nh cc mch iu khin m bo cho h thng lm vic tin cy. tch hp vi h thng, cc nh cung cp iu ha cn phi cung cp cc thit b c kh nng kt ni vi h thng bn ngoi thng qua cc giao thc m. Thit b BMS cn phi c tnh nng logic bn trong c th iu khin cc my iu ha, bt hoc tt theo tng khu vc ring bit. Vic iu khin nhit , thng gi v cc dch v iu ho khc c thng qua cc b iu khin s trc tip.

H thng BMS gim st qun l nng lng bng cc b o m k thut s ni mng ngay ti u ra ca t tng v my pht, cc t phn phi. Trn mn hnh ha gim st h thng in, ngi vn hnh gim st c cc thng s: in p, dng in cc pha, tn s, cng sut tc dng, cng sut phn khng, cng sut biu kin, h s cng sut cos . Cc thng s ny c th lp ra cc bo co hng ngy, hoc lu gi s dng lu di. Ngi vn hnh s c cc nh hng tt nht cho vic qun l vn hnh cc h thng k thut tit kim nng lng, c bit l cc h thng c cng sut ln.

Trong khu vc sinh hot tim nng tit kim nng lng cn rt ln. c bit i vi khu vc hnh chnh cng cn tng cng tuyn truyn v c bin php khon gn tiu th in.