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THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMChapter 23 Section 1
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THE CARDIOVASCULAR
(CV) SYSTEM
An organ that is part of the cardiovascular
system
Cardiomeans heart
Vascularmeans blood vessel
Blood vessels arteries, capillaries, and veins carry blood that is pumped by the heart
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YOUR CARDIOVASCULAR (CV)
SYSTEM
Made up of the heart, blood, and blood vessels
The heart creates pressure when it beats
Pressure moves blood through the body
CV system helps to maintain homeostasis
y Carries nutrients
y Removing wastes
y Carries hormones (chemical signals)
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THE HEART
Made of mostly cardiac muscle tissue
About the size of your fist in the center of your
chest cavity
Left side of heart carries oxygen rich blood
Right side of heart carries oxygen poor blood
There are upper and lower chambers
y Upper chambers:ATRIUM (atria, plural)
y Lower chambers:VENTRICLES
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THE HEART (CONTINUED)
Valves: flap-like structures between the atria &ventricles; also where large arteries attach to theheart
Close to prevent backflow of blood
lub-dub, lub-dub sound of beating heart is caused byvalves closing
Tricuspid valve: located on right side betweenchambers (3 flaps)
Bicuspid (or Mitral) valve: on the left side betweenchambers (2 flaps)
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THE HEART
http://www.biologyjunction.com/heart_cross_section1.gif
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BLOODVESSELS
3 types:
y Arteries carry blood away from the heart
y
Capillaries tiny vessel where gas exchange occurs
y Veins carry blood back to the heart
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BLOODVESSELS
http://www.daviddarling.info/images/blood_vessels.gif
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ARTERIES:
Largest artery in the body: aorta
Have thick walls
Contain a layer of smooth muscle
High pressure (blood pressure)
Feel your pulse
Walls can stretch
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CAPILLARIES
Tiny vessels that allow the exchange of nutrients,
oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other wastes
Walls are only one cell thick
Vary narrow
No cell in the body is more than 3-4 cells awayfrom a capillary
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CAPILLARIES
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_hhUdKwzDmA4/S1nCxXuA8gI/AAAAAAAAAZU/tgVjRa4NU_w/s1600/capillary.jpg
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/capillary.gif
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VEINS
After leaving the capillaries, blood enters the
veins
Carry blood back to the heart
Valves prevent blood backflow
Skeletal muscle contraction helps push bloodback to heart
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VEINS
http://image.shutterstock.com/display_pic_with_logo/230998/230998,1265576888,6/stock-vector-anatomy-of-blood-vessels-from-artery-through-
capillaries-to-vein-labeled-46171528.jpg
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TWO TYPES OF CIRCULATION
The circulation between heart and lungs:
y PULMONARY CIRCULATION
The flow ofblood from the heart to the lungs and
back to the heart through the pulmonary arteries,
capillaries, and veins
The circulation between the heart and the rest of
your body:
y SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION The flow ofblood from the heart to all parts of the
body and back to the heart
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CIRCULATION LOOPS:
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CARDIOVASCULAR PROBLEMS:
Causes:
y Smoking, high blood cholesterol, stress, physical
inactivity, heredity
Types of problems:
y Atherosclerosis
y High blood pressure (hypertension)
y Heart attack
y Heart failure
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BOOKREFERENCE:
Allen, K.Z. (2007). Holt science & technology life
science. Austin, Texas: Holt, Reinhart and
Winston.