Clinical examination
Extraoral examinationIntraoral examination
Prepared by Dr. Fatima Abdhamed
Yaffai
Objective
Examination of the patient is subdivided into three areas:
First: related to the presenting problem;
Second, to assess the patient's fitness for the proposed procedure
Third, to detect any associated or coincidental disease.
Aspects of examination
1. Inspection
2. Palpation,
3. Percussion
4. Auscultation.
Extraoral examination
General assessment
Hands
Face
neck
Hands
koilonychia or nail spooning (may suggest iron deficiency anaemia),
cyanosis or bluish discoloration (may suggest heart or lung disease).
Joint deformity
and swelling
will indicate arthritis
Palmar erythema
Dupuytren's contracture of the ring and fifth fingers
Face: Skin
Jaundice
Skin rash
Face: Conjunctivae
Pale conjunctivae Arcus senilis
Cataract
FaceSymmetry
Facesymmetry
Bell’s palsy
TMJ
Salivary glands
Lymph nodes
Lymph node
Cervical Adenopathy
Thyroid Gland examination
Intra oral examination
Normal finidings in the cheek mucosa
Fordyce’s granules
Postinflammatory pigmentation of the right buccalmucosa secondary to chronic cheek biting
Hard and soft palate
Palate. Note junction of hard and soft palate (dottedline), maxillary tuberosities (thick solid arrows), palatine fovea(thin solid arrows), rugae (broken arrows), and incisive papilla(asterisk). The midline raphe is clearly evident
Lingual frenum
Whartan’s duct
Sublingual gland
Indentations on tongue
Fissured tongue with extensive grooves and fissuresover the entire dorsal surface.
Median rhomboid glossitis
Benign
Extensive
Geographic Tonguemigratory glossitis
Physiologic pigmentation in an African-AmericanChild..
Mandibular tori in the premolar region
Exostosis
Offending tooth