ISBN 978-974-8006-61-1 2 5,000
96
(.) 53 2 11130 0-2436-0000 www.egat.co.th
56/12 2 10150 0-2893-3131 0-2415-5232
(.)
1 7
9
10
11
13
14
16
36
() (.. 2552) 39
40
2 43
49
52
52
53
54
57
59
1. 59
2. 59
60
61
61
62
63
65
1. 66
2. 69
75
77
81
86
91
91
95
()
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
1
9 1 :
1
10
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
( ) ()
() ()
11
1 :
( ) 200 (Heater)
12
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
(
)
13
1 :
( 1 )
N S
1
14
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
( )
(Thermal Power Plant)
( )
( )
15
1 :
2
/
-
:
,
,
,
-
:
-
: NG
V, LP
G,
- Nuc
lear
-
-
-
-
-
16
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
1. (Hydro Power Plant)
2. (Wind Power Plant)
3. (Solar Power Plant)
4. (Thermal Power Plant)
4.1 ( )
4.2
4.3
17
1 :
4.4 () ()
4.5 (Geothermal Power Plant)
5. (Ocean Wave Power Plant)
1. (Hydro Power Plant)
3 (Hydro Power Plant)
18
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
()
-
4 560,000 kW
19
1 :
-
- - - -
- - - -
5 500,000 kW
20
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
2. (Wind Power Plant)
1,800
6-8 25
()
21
1 :
0.25 3.0 MW 1.5 MW 80
6
22
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
.. 2552 . 100 MW
-
-
23
1 :
3. (Solar Power Plant)
(Solar Cells) Photo-voltaic
/
()
7
24
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
(Silicon)
Thin Film ()
(Proton)
(Electron)
(DC)
Stand-alone () ()
(AC) ( )
Utility Grid ()
25
1 :
8.
1,1012kW
26
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
500 kW 20 . . .. 2548 1,012 kW 25 . .. 2550 .
38 MW
. 73 MW .
-
-
()
27
1 :
3
(
30 MW )
4. (Thermal Power Plant)
( 9 )
28
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
9
()
29
1 :
4.1
1-100
MW
( 50 )
30
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
4.2 ()
20
(Peak Power
Demand)
()
31
1 :
4.3
40
()
Isogo
32
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
4
4.4
(Nuclear Chain Reaction)
-235 -239
(Fission)
33
1 :
( )
(CO2)
3
10
34
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
4.5 (Geothermal Power Plant)
11
35
1 :
5.
(Ocean-wave Power Plant)
15 - 50 .
CETO
12
36
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
10 (Gross Domestic Product GDP) 4,637 .. 2542 9,050 .. 2552 6.9 3 - 4 4.0 4.5
39.8%
6.7%
19.6%
2.1%
16.1%
15.7%
13:WorldCoalInstitute,CoalFact,2006
37
1 :
17.3%
6.8%
69.1%
6.5%
14
:,2006
21%
71%
0%
5%
3%
15(..2552)
:
38
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
15 ..2552 70 20 3
(Blackout)
1 (
) 40 20
39
1 :
(PDP 2010 : 2553 - 2573)
2563
(/)
2.79 2.94 ( Gas ) 3.96
( Gas ) 4.34 - 13.65
15 - 20
5 - 6
4.63
2.63
1.5 - 4.2
1
40
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
1. (Economic)
Economic()
Engineering/Technology()
Environment()
Energy Security()
16
41
1 :
2. (Environment)
3. (Energy Security) ()
4. (Engineering/Technology)
(Reliability)
2-3
4
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
2
45
2 :
2
20
(Fossil Fuels)
46
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
20
4-5 5
25-30 150 .. 2551
40 ( 2550)
47
2 :
70
147
41 63
48
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
41
63
147
49
2 :
100
50
- 70
- ()
-
-
- ( )
50
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
(Lignite)
(Sub-bituminous) (Anthracite)
1,200 200
225 21 86Former
Sovlet Union
115 6 3China
84 1 1India
94 6 17Asia
& Oceania
33 1 1Central &
Eastern Europe
97 7 8Western &
Southern Europe
55 25 21Africa
22 25 11South America
258 16 11North America
2 179 110Middle East
Coal
OilGas
()
:WorldCoalInstitute,2005
51
2 :
(.)
()
35,000.0
30,000.0
25,000.0
20,000.0
15,000.0
10,000.0
5,000.0
0.02541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549 2550
:,2551
52
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
(Fossils)
(bacteria) (cellulose) (lignin)
53
2 :
(volatile matters)
1.
54
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
2.
3.
4.
5.
(Peat)
1. (Biochemical Reaction)
55
2 :
2. (Thermal Alteration) (Metamorphism) (Coalification)
(Rank)
(Volatile Matters)
56
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
/
%
(Total Moisture)% (Volatile Matter)
Net Calorific Value
(kCal/kg)
1 - 3 2 - 8 7,500
(Bituminous)
3 - 15 25 - 40 7,000
(Sub-Bituminous)
15 - 25 33 - 50 4,500
(Lignite) 20 - 50 25 - 50 3,000
(Peat) 35 - 60 30 - 60 1,300
57
2 :
4
17
58
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
1.
(Anthracite) 90
2.
(Bituminous)
80-90
2-7
3
3.
(Sub-bituminous)
71-77
10-20
59
2 :
4.
(Lignite) 30-70 (Mine-mouth Power Plant)
200 .. 2516 2
1.
2.
60
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
83.89
11.29 3.68 0.20 0.15 0.13 0.06 0.60 ()
CO2
61
2 :
62
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
1) (Dust Particulate)
2) (NOx)
3) (SOx)
63
2 :
64
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
18
65
2 :
19Tachibanawan
66
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
(Pre-Combustion)
(Combustion)
(Post-Combustion)
1.
Coal Preparation (), Coal Beneficiation, Coal Upgrading ()
(Physical Cleaning or Washing) (Chemical Cleaning)
(Biological Cleaning)
1.1
Pyritic Sulfur ()
90 (Pyritic Sulfur)
67
2 :
Column Flotation (
)
Column () Pyritic Sulfur (
)
20
68
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
1.2
Molten - Caustic Leaching
()
1.3
(Coal Upgrading) Liquid-Phase Cracking with Solvent ()
Hot Water Drying (), Coal-Water-
Mixture (), Coal Briquette ()
69
2 :
2.
2.1
(Zero Emissions)
Pulverized Fuel (PF) combustion () PF ( 100 ) 40-45 55 Advanced Pulverized Coal ()
70
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
-
21
71
2 :
PulverizedCoal()
/
1)
2)
3) ( 100%)
4) (Thermal Efficiency)
5)
6) (Digital Control System- DCS)
1) 0.1 .
2)
3)
4) 1,200- 1,300 oC Thermal NOx Slag
5) SOx (FGD)
6) ( 100 /.)
7) FGD
8)
9)
72
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
Fluidized Bed Combustion - FBC (
) 3 - 10 . 90 Pulverized Fuel ()
73
2 :
22CirculatingFluidizedBed
()
74
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
FluidizedBed()
/
1)
2)
3) (3-10 .)
4) (95-99%)
5) (Thermal Efficiency) ( 85%)
6) 1,000 oC Thermal NOx
7) SOx
8)
9)
10)
1) 3 .
2) 6-8
3)
4)
5)
6) Silencer Damper
7) 10 ton/hr 35 /.
75
2 :
Pressured Fluidized Bed Combustion () (Bubbling Type PFBC)
(Coal Gasification) (Coal Liquefaction) (Coal Water Mixture) (Coal Gasification) (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle IGCC )
Gasifier()
Syngas()
Coal()
ASH()
C + H2O = CO + H2
23
76
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
(Coal Gasification)
(Methanol)
24IGCC
77
2 :
(Gasification)
(Hydrogen Fuel Cells)
(Combined cycle)
25IGCC
78
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)
IGCC
(Global Warming)
FutureGen: Integrating Function for R&D Program
CO2
CO2
FutureGen
H2
26FutureGen
79
2 :
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
1
2
3
27CO2
(CarbonCaptureandSequestration)
80
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
28SiemensGE
IGCC
81
2 :
(Flue gas)
2
(Electrostatic Precipitator - ESP)
(Flue gas)
( ESP) 0.01 - >100 (m) 99%
82
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
Fabric Filter ()
() (0.01- >100 m) 99% 300
/
29(EPS)
83
2 :
Fabric-filter baghouse
30
84
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
Flue Gas Desulfurization FGD ()
(Lime) (Limestone) (CaSO4) FGD
CO2(Carbon dioxide)
CaCO3(Calcium carbonate,
limestone)CaSO4 2H2O(Calcium sulfate,
gypsum)
SO2 + CaCO3 + O2 + H2O CaSO4 2H2O + CO2
SO2(Sulfur dioxide)
O2(Oxygen)
H2O(Water)
FGD Gypsm
31(FGD)
85
2 :
[Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)] [Selective Non Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)]
SCR SNCR (NOx) (NH3) NOx (N2) NOx SCR SNCR (Utility boiler) NOx
(NOx) SCR (Catalyst) (NH3) NOx NOx SNCR
SCR
N2 , H2ONH3
NOx
NOx
32.1
86
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
(By-products)
(Fly Ash) (Bottom Ash) (FGD Gypsum) (Fly Ash) (Molten Slag) (Sulfuric Acid)
(Waste) (Board)
SNCR
AH
SAH
FDF
32.2
87
2 :
33
88
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
34
(Slag)
89
2 :
90
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
91
2 :
-
- Fluidized Bed
(SOx) -
- SOx
-
(NOx) - Low NOx Burner ()
- Fluidized Bed
- NOx
-
(Slag)
(Zero-Emissions)
Pulverized Combustion () Fluidized Bed Combustion ()
92
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
Super-critical ()
Ultra-Supercritical ()
(Gasification)
(Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) Dimethyl Ether (DME)
(Carbon Capture and Storage)
Fluidized Bed Combustion
() 35 Pulverized Coal Combustion (
)
2- 10 (Traveling Grate Boiler) 2
93
2 :
35PulverizedCoalCombustion
94
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
Gasifier
36
95
2 :
- ()
96
Energy Research Institute (ERI)
4
200