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What is aComputer?
�It is a machine that manipulates data according to a setof instructions.
�It is composed and made of electronic components and
devices.
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Uses of Computers:
Word Processing
Internet
Digital video or audio composition
Desktop Publishing
Medicine
Mathematical Calculation
TravelingTelecommunications
Defense System
E-Learning
Gambling
Examinations
Businesses
Banking
Robotics
Electronic devices
& gadgets
Weather Analysis
Sales & Marketing
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Two major parts of Computer:
1. Hardware
In general term it refers to the physical artifacts of a technology.
In the form of computer hardware, it is the physical components
of a computer system.
2. Software
In general term, it is used to describe a collection of computer
programs, procedures and documentation that perform sometasks on a computer system.
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Classifications of Computer according to its size:
Supercomputer
Mainframe
Minicomputer
Microcomputer
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Characteristics of a Computer:
Speed
Reliability
Storage
Capacity
Productivity
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What is a Microcomputer ?
It is a complete computer on a smaller scale and is
generally a synonym for the more common term,
personal computer or PC, a computer designed for an
individual.
A microcomputer contains a microprocessor (a central processing unit on
a microchip), memory in the form of read-only memory and random access
memory, I/O ports and a bus or system of interconnecting wires, housed in
a unit that is usually called a motherboard.
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What is Personal Computer ?
Is any general-purpose computer whose size,
capabilities, and original sales price make it useful for
individuals, and which is intended to be operated
directly by an end user, with no intervening computeroperator.
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Types of Personal Computer
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1. Workstation
Is a high-end personal
computer designed for
technical or scientific
applications. Intended
primarily to be used by
one person at a time,
they are commonly
connected to a local
area network and run
multi-user operating
systems.
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2. Desktop Computer
� A type of computer that
could fit on a desk wasconsidered remarkably small.
�Usually indicates aparticular style of
computer case.
�Desktop computerscome in a variety of styles ranging from large vertical tower cases to
small form factor modelsthat can be tucked behind an LCD monitor.
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3. Single Unit
�These PersonalComputers combine themonitor with the case of the unit into a singleunit.
�The monitor almost
always utilizes a TouchScreen as the primary user input.Otherwise known as A ll-in-One PCs.
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4. Nettop
It is a type of minidesktop or small formfactor computerdesigned for performing basic computation tasks
such as surfing theInternet, accessing web- based applications andrich internetapplications, documentprocessing andaudio/video playback etc.
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5. Laptop
� A lso called a notebook computer or sometimes anotebook, is a smallpersonal computerdesigned for mobility.
�Subnotebooks, a subtypeof notebook computers with most of the featuresof a standard laptopcomputer but smaller.
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6. Netbook
�These are small portablecomputers in a "clamshell"design, that are designedspecifically for wirelesscommunication andaccess to the Internet.
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�
It is a slate-shapedmobile computer, firstintroduced by Pencomputing in the early 90s with their PenGoTablet Computer andpopularized by Microsoft.
�It is a touch-screen orgraphics tablet/screenhybrid technology allowsthe user to operate thecomputer with a stylus ordigital pen, or a fingertip,instead of a keyboard ormouse.
7. Tablet-PC
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�It is a specification for asmall form factor tabletPC. It was developed as a joint developmentexercise by Microsoft,
Intel, and Samsung,among others.
7. Ultra-Mobile PC
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�It is a convergence
device that combines thefunctions of a personalcomputer and a digital video recorder.
� It is connected to a
television or a television-sized computer display and is often used as adigital photo, music, video player, TV receiverand digital video
recorder.
�Home theater PCs arealso referred to as mediacenter systems or mediaservers.
8. Home Theater PC
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�It is a hardwarespecification for ahandheld-sizedcomputer (personaldigital assistant) thatruns the Microsoft Windows Mobile
operating system.
�It may have thecapability to run analternative operatingsystem like NetBSD or
Linux. It has many of thecapabilities of moderndesktop PCs.
8. Pocket PC / Palm Top / Mobile Phones
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SI prefix (also known as a metric prefix)
Is a name or associated symbol that precedes a basic unit of measure (or its symbol) to form a decimal multiple or submultiple.
The abbreviation SI is from the French language name Système
International dUnités (also known as International System of
Units).
SI prefixes are used to reduce the number of zeros shown in
numerical quantities.
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SI prefixes
1000m 10n Prefix Symbol Since[1] Short scale Long scale Decimal
10008
1024
yotta Y 1991 Septillion Quadrillion
10000000000
00000000000000
10007 1021 zetta Z 1991 Sextillion Trilliard10000000000
00000000000
10006
1018
exa E 1975 Quintillion Trillion
10000000000
00000000
10005 1015 peta P 1975 Quadrillion Billiard10000000000
00000
10004 1012 tera T 1960 Trillion Billion10000000000
00
10003
109
giga G 1960 Billion Milliard 1000000000
10002 106 mega M 1960 Million 1 000 000
10001 103 kilo k 1795 Thousand 1000
10002 3 102 hecto h 1795 Hundred 100
10001 3 101 deca da 1795 Ten 10
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10000 100 ( none) ( none) NA One 1
10001 3 101 deci d 1795 Tenth 0.1
10002 3 102 centi c 1795 Hundredth 0.01
10001
103
milli m 1795 Thousandth 0.001
10002 106 micro µ 1960[2] Millionth 0.000001
10003 109 nano n 1960 Billionth Milliardth 0.000000001
10004 1012 pico p 1960 Trillionth Billionth0.0000000000
01
10005 1015 femto f 1964 Quadrillionth Billiardth0.0000000000
00001
10006 1018 atto a 1964 Quintillionth Trillionth0.0000000000
00000001
10007 1021 zepto z 1991 Sextillionth Trilliardth 0.0000000000
00000000001
10008 1024 yocto y 1991 Septillionth Quadrillionth
0.0000000000
00000000000
001