18
19
20
13
14
15
16
17
18
u
(
m
/
s
)
0.27 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.319
10
11
12
time series (sec)0.4
0.1
0.2
0.3
P
D
F
2009 2010 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 140.0
Velocity fluctuations (m/s)
8
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.
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:
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( )
Xi xi u(xi) ci
ui (y)
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XN xN u(xN) cN uN (y)Y y u(y)
()
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vu y
v
(6.8)
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:
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pv,k
68.27 90 95 95.45 99 99.73 68.27 90 95 95.45 99 99.731 1.84 6.31 12.71 13.97 63.66 235.802 1.32 2.92 4.30 4.53 9.92 19.213 1.20 2.35 3.18 3.31 5.84 9.224 1.14 2.13 2.78 2.87 4.60 6.625 1.11 2.02 2.57 2.65 4.03 5.516 1.09 1.94 2.45 2.52 3.71 4.907 1.08 1.89 2.36 2.43 3.50 4.538 1.07 1.86 2.31 2.37 3.36 4.289 1.06 1.83 2.26 2.32 3.25 4.09
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, ,
45 1.01 1.68 2.01 2.06 2.69 3.1850 1.01 1.68 2.01 2.05 2.68 3.16
100 1.005 1.660 1.984 2.025 2.626 3.077 1.000 1.645 1.960 2.000 2.576 3.000
, . , , , , . . , . . , (6.3) . , (6.1) Xi . , :
( )Y f X X X X X X (6 10), ,
1 1 2 2( , ,..., )Y f X X X X X X (6.10)
Taylor N . Taylor :
2 2 1 1
2 1
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ...1! 2! ( 1)!
n n
nn
df X d f X d f Xf X X f X RdX dX dX n
(6.11)
N (6.11)
1 2 1 21 2
( , ,..., , ) ( ... )Ndf df dfY f X X XdX dX dX
2 2 22 2 2
1 22 2 21 2
3
1 [ ( ) ( ) ... ( ) ] ...2!
1
NN
f f fX X XX X X
f
3 3
131
1 [ ( ) ...] ...3!
f XX (6.12)
, ,
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max
N
jfY Y Y X
X
(6.13)
1j
j jX , DC , :
P=I2R (6.14)
:
Pmax=2IR+I2R (6.15)
max( ) 2P I R
P I R (6.16)
, ,
P I R